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Cárdenas-Villarreal VM, Hernandez-Barrera L, Castro-Sifuentes D, Guevara-Valtier MC, Trejo-Valdivia B. Trends in overweight and obesity in children under 24 months of age in Mexico (2012-2020): analysis of four national health surveys. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00046123. [PMID: 38126557 PMCID: PMC10740398 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen046123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Mexico, with significant consequences for the population's health in the future. Little is known about the prevalence of obesity in children under two years of age, even though this life stage is fundamental to prevent this condition. This study aims to determine the magnitude, distribution, and trends of overweight and obesity in children under 24 months of age using the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys (ENSANUT) conducted in the last 10 years. The data presented here are derived from four ENSANUTs, carried out in Mexico in 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020. They include 6,719 infants under 24 months with complete anthropometric data (weight/height) by age, gender, Indigeneity, area of residence, and socioeconomic status. The risk of overweight levels and overweight + obesity rates were calculated according to World Health Organization guidelines. We identified that infants < 12 months currently have a higher prevalence of overweight + obesity (10.3%) and that those aged 12 to 23 months are generally at a higher risk of overweight (26.1%). The most relevant findings of this study, linking weight trends to sex, region, socioeconomic status, and indigeneity, show that overweight and obesity prevalences vary across the Mexican population, without presenting a specific behavior. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among Mexican infants and a slight trend toward increased obesity in infants < 12 months. Weight monitoring and obesity prevention interventions focused on the first 1,000 days of life are essential.
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Tu C, Pan Q, Jiang C, Tu Y, Zhang S. Trends and predictions in the physical shape of Chinese preschool children from 2000 to 2020. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1148415. [PMID: 37822537 PMCID: PMC10564586 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1148415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore physical shape changes in preschool children from 2000 to 2020, and forecast development trends over the next 10 years. Method The grey GM (1,1) prediction model was used to fit the physical shape indicators of preschool children in China from 2000 to 2020, and then the longitudinal change trend of physical shape was compared and analyzed. Finally, the development trend of physical shape in China in 2025 and 2030 was predicted. Results (1) During the period from 2000 to 2020, the height, weight and chest circumference of Chinese preschool children all increased rapidly. Specifically, the weight of male and female children increased by 1.8 kg and 1.6 kg, their chest circumference increased by 1.6 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively, and both their heights increased by 3.6 cm. Among these indicators, the older the age, the greater the growth rate. It is expected that all the indicators will continue to grow rapidly over the next 10 years, but the growth rate will slow. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the growth rate of weight was higher than that of height, and BMI showed an increasing trend. The obesity detection rates in boys and girls increased by 5.6 and 2.8%, respectively. Over the next 10 years, the incidence of obesity is expected to increase by 3.8% in boys and 2.8% in girls. (3) Improvement in the growth and development of preschool children in China has a certain correlation with the rapid growth of China's economy,less physical activity, education and other factors. Conclusion Over the past 20 years, the growth and nutritional status of Chinese preschoolers have improved dramatically, but overweight and obesity remain. Overweight and obesity rates are expected to continue to increase rapidly over the next 10 years, particularly among boys, and effective measures should be taken to control the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Tu
- School of Teacher Education (Physical Education), Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Qi Pan
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuxuan Tu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanhua Zhang
- School of Teacher Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Yeganeh S, Motamed N, Najafpour Boushehri S, Bagherzadeh R, Ravanipour M. Evaluation of maternal performance about food security in dietary diversity for children aged 12-24 months and its relationship with anthropometric measurements. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:256. [PMID: 37221484 PMCID: PMC10204253 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing awareness of the problem of food security, some areas of Iran continue to experience food insecurity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate maternal performance about food security in dietary diversity for children aged between 12-24 months and its relationship with anthropometric measurements in Bushehr. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out using 400 mothers of children aged from 12 to 24 months in Bushehr selected via quota sampling. Data were collected using a reliable localized version of a 32-item food frequency questionnaire, consisting of six subscales, with a Cronbach's α: 0.81. The anthropometric measurements of height and weight were also calculated. Data analysis was performed using median, Mean±SD and multinomial logistic regression test, and odds ratio in SPSS, version 18. RESULTS According to standard servings, only 24% of the mothers fed their infants cereals, whereas 54.8%, 36.3%, 39.8%, and 20.3% of the mothers used meat, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, respectively. The strongest associations were between attendance at educational classes and vegetable consumption (OR=2.09, CI=1.03-4.21), age at the onset of complementary feeding and the consumption of meat (OR=1.30, CI=1.02-1.66) and fruits (OR=1.44, CI=1.03-2.03), and the mothers' level of education and use of dairy products (OR=0.29, CI=0.09-0.90). No evidence of a significant association was found between consumption of any food groups and the anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS Mothers in Bushehr performed poorly in providing their infants with the required nutrition with regard to dietary diversity and amount of food. However, their performance can be improved by enhancing their basic nutrition knowledge, holding practical classes on food preparation for them, and focusing on mothers with infants in high-risk groups, e.g. infants suffering from excessive weight gain, obesity, and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Yeganeh
- School of Nursing, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Niloofar Motamed
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeid Najafpour Boushehri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Razieh Bagherzadeh
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr university of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Ravanipour
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr university of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Mantzorou M, Papandreou D, Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Tolia M, Mentzelou M, Poutsidi A, Antasouras G, Vasios GK, Giaginis C. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Is Associated with High Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children Aged 2–5 Years. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030455. [PMID: 36984456 PMCID: PMC10051905 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with long-term and serious health implications. An important factor for childhood obesity is maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which in turn impacts maternal and offspring long-term health. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal GDM and childhood weight status and multiple anthropometric and sociodemographic factors and perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 5348 children aged 2–5 years old and their paired mothers took part in the study. Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate the sociodemographic factors and perinatal outcomes as well as smoking habits, educational level, economic status, age, and parity status. Children’s anthropometric parameters were measured, and maternal medical history, preterm birth records, and anthropometric measures during pregnancy were retrieved by their medical records. Results: Overall, 16.4% of the children aged at 2–5 years were overweight, and 8.2% of them were affected by obesity, leading to a total 24.6% of children with overweight/obesity. Further, 5.5% of the enrolled mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. GDM doubles the probability of childhood overweight/obesity at ages 2–5 years old independently of multiple confounding factors. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, older maternal age, and smoking are risk factors for GDM, while GDM additionally increases the risk of preterm birth. Children of mothers that developed GDM were at greater risk of overweight or obesity, with the association between GDM and offspring’s weight status being independent of confounding factors. Conclusions: GDM is a severe public health issue with prolonged complications for both the mother and their children. Public health approaches and programs need to promote the negative role of pre-pregnancy weight and smoking status as well as the significance of a good glycemic control throughout gestation in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Khalifa B City, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tolia
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Antigoni Poutsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.)
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Jabakhanji SB, Boland F, Ward M, Biesma R. Prevalence of early childhood obesity in Ireland: Differences over time, between sexes and across child growth criteria. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12953. [PMID: 35758060 PMCID: PMC9787496 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various child growth criteria exist for monitoring overweight and obesity prevalence in young children. OBJECTIVES To estimate early overweight and obesity prevalence in Ireland and compare the differences in prevalence across ages, growth criteria and sexes. METHODS Longitudinal body mass index data from the nationally representative Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort (n = 11 134) were categorized ('under-/normal weight', 'risk of overweight', 'overweight', 'obesity') using the sex- and age-specific International Obesity Task Force growth reference, World Health Organization growth standard and World Health Organization growth reference criteria. Differences in prevalences between criteria and sexes, and changes in each weight category and criterion across ages (9 months, 3 years, 5 years), were investigated. RESULTS Across criteria, 11%-40% of children had overweight or obesity at 9 months, 14%-46% at 3 years and 8%-32% at 5 years of age. Prevalence estimates were highest using the World Health Organization growth reference, followed by International Obesity Task Force estimates. Within each criterion, prevalence decreased significantly over time (p < 0.05). However, when combining both World Health Organization criteria, as recommended for population studies, prevalence increased, due to differences in definitions between them. Significantly more boys than girls had overweight/obesity using either World Health Organization criterion, which was reversed using the International Obesity Task Force growth reference. CONCLUSIONS To increase transparency and comparability, studies of childhood obesity need to consider differences in prevalence estimates across growth criteria. Effective prevention, intervention and policy-making are needed to control Ireland's high overweight and obesity prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Boland
- Division of Population Health SciencesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
| | - Mark Ward
- School of Medicine, The Center for Medical GerontologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Regien Biesma
- Division of Population Health SciencesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland,Global Health Unit, Department of Health SciencesUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Zeković M, Milešević J, Takić M, Knez M, Šarac I, Kadvan A, Gurinović M, Glibetić M. Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Status in 1–9-Year-old Children Living in Serbia: National Food Consumption Survey According to the EU Menu Methodology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153091. [PMID: 35956268 PMCID: PMC9370416 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Serbian Food Consumption Survey among 1–9-year-old-children was conceptualized and conducted in compliance with the principles, established protocols, and guidelines of the EU Menu project between 2017 and 2021. Valid data were collected for 576 individuals (290 1–3-year-old toddlers and 276 3–9-year-old children). Regardless of age and gender category, the majority (68.80%) of children had normal weights according to the Body Mass Index-for-age classification system. The median daily energy intake was 1406.71 kcal with no differences between the settlement types. The overall median contributions of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 47.54%, 14.06%, and 37.88%, respectively. The proportions of the macronutrient intake deviated from the dietary reference values with compliance to the recommendations being particularly poor for fat and fiber. The consumption of energy-dense food groups such as meat and meat products, fat and oil, sugar, and confections was more pronounced among older children. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the nutritional status and dietary habits of toddlers and children 1–9 years old living in Serbia. They may serve as an evidence platform for public health programs, a valuable asset for decision-makers, and a reliable reference to guide nutritional policies, diet monitoring, and interventions targeting this population group in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Knez
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnes Kadvan
- Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mirjana Gurinović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.T.); (M.K.); (I.Š.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
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7
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Miron VD, Bar G, Filimon C, Gaidamut VA, Craiu M. Monitoring of Excess Body Weight in Children in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Bucharest, Romania. MAEDICA 2021; 16:389-393. [PMID: 34925592 PMCID: PMC8643556 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.16.3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Excess body weight in children has become a public health issue in most countries. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children over two years of age who presented at the Emergency Department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Bucharest, Romania. Methods: Between July and August 2018, we conducted a prospective study among children who presented at the Emergency Department of "Alessandrescu-Rusescu" National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania. We collected data on weight, height and blood pressure classified by age and gender. Results: A total of 335 children aged 2 to 18 years were included in our study. A quarter of them had above normal body mass index values, 7.5% were overweight and 18.5% obese. Also, when measuring blood pressure, we observed increased values in 29.3% (n=98) of them. Among children with excess body weight, nearly a half (49.4%, n=47) had higher than normal blood pressure values. Conclusions: Excess body weight in children has become a public health issue in most countries. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children over two years of age who presented at the Emergency Department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Bucharest, Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Daniel Miron
- "Alessandrescu-Rusescu" National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bar
- "Alessandrescu-Rusescu" National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu Filimon
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mihai Craiu
- "Alessandrescu-Rusescu" National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Louise J, Poprzeczny AJ, Deussen AR, Vinter C, Tanvig M, Jensen DM, Bogaerts A, Devlieger R, McAuliffe FM, Renault KM, Carlsen E, Geiker N, Poston L, Briley A, Thangaratinam S, Dodd JM. The effects of dietary and lifestyle interventions among pregnant women with overweight or obesity on early childhood outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials. BMC Med 2021; 19:128. [PMID: 34074261 PMCID: PMC8170974 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of maternal obesity extends beyond birth, being independently associated with an increased risk of child obesity. Current evidence demonstrates that women provided with a dietary intervention during pregnancy improve their dietary quality and have a modest reduction in gestational weight gain. However, the effect of this on longer-term childhood obesity-related outcomes is unknown. METHODS We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis from RCTs in which women with a singleton, live gestation between 10+0 and 20+0 weeks and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 in early pregnancy were randomised to a diet and/or lifestyle intervention or continued standard antenatal care and in which longer-term maternal and child follow-up at 3-5 years of age had been undertaken. The primary childhood outcome was BMI z-score above the 90th percentile. Secondary childhood outcomes included skinfold thickness measurements and body circumferences, fat-free mass, dietary and physical activity patterns, blood pressure, and neurodevelopment. RESULTS Seven primary trials where follow-up of participants occurred were identified by a systematic literature search within the International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) Collaborative Group collaboration, with six providing individual participant data. No additional studies were identified after a systematic literature search. A total of 2529 children and 2383 women contributed data. Approximately 30% of all child participants had a BMI z-score above the 90th percentile, with no significant difference between the intervention and control groups (aRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.87, 1.08; p=0.610). There were no statistically significant differences identified for any of the secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS In overweight and obese pregnant women, we found no evidence that maternal dietary and/or lifestyle intervention during pregnancy modifies the risk of early childhood obesity. Future research may need to target the pre-conception period in women and early childhood interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42016047165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Louise
- The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Poprzeczny
- The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Women's and Babies Division, Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
| | - Andrea R Deussen
- The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christina Vinter
- Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Tanvig
- Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Dorte Moller Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Division of Mother and Child, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristina M Renault
- Obstetric Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Emma Carlsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nina Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lucilla Poston
- School of Life Course Sciences, Division of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Annette Briley
- School of Life Course Sciences, Division of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jodie M Dodd
- The Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,Women's and Babies Division, Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
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9
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Briody J. Parental unemployment during the Great Recession and childhood adiposity. Soc Sci Med 2021; 275:113798. [PMID: 33713926 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of adiposity in the early years of life has outgrown the prevalence in older children and adolescents globally; however, the factors influencing weight gain are predominantly studied in adults. This study examines the relationship between changing economic conditions during the Irish recession and child weight in a nationally representative sample of 10,011 Irish children studied at 9 months, 3 years and 5 years old. This study is the first to use longitudinal anthropometric measurements to estimate the impact of direct parental unemployment on children's weight. Fixed effect logistic regression is used to examine the effects of parental unemployment on weight using the Growing up in Ireland infant cohort from 2008 to 2013. Weight and length/height measured by trained interviewers and child growth charts are used to quantify children's weight status according to BMI-for-age and weight-for-age measures. For BMI-for-age, the probability of a child being classified as overweight/obese is 8 percentage points higher if either parent experiences unemployment. A sensitivity analysis of weight-for-age indicates that the probability is of similar magnitude across several alternative growth charts and definitions of adiposity (the WHO standard, British Growth Reference, and Centers for Disease Control). The analysis is repeated, cross-sectionally, for physical activity and diet to clarify mechanisms of effect. The probability of a child consuming healthy food and physical activity with an implied cost is lower if either parent becomes unemployed. A focus on overweight/obesity in the early years is of crucial importance as if current trends are not addressed, a generation of children may grow up with a higher level of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Briody
- School Of Economics, Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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10
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Wu T, Yang S, Liu M, Qiu G, Li H, Luo M, Jia P. Urban sprawl and childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e13091. [PMID: 32808474 PMCID: PMC7988579 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Urban sprawl is thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity primarily because the physical environment it creates discourages children's physical activity while encouraging their sedentary behavior. However, there has not been any review on the association between urban sprawl and childhood obesity. This study filled this research gap by comprehensively reviewing literature focusing on associations between urban sprawl and weight-related behaviors and outcomes among children and adolescents. Only two longitudinal and three cross-sectional studies conducted in two countries were identified. Sample sizes ranged from 2324 to 129 781. Four studies used weight status, and only one study used both behaviors and weight status as outcome variables. All positive, negative, and non-significant associations were reported. This review could not identify a clear association between urban sprawl and childhood obesity. More longitudinal studies are needed for in-depth analyses on this important topic in more regions, which would be important not only for public health guidelines but also for research, practice, and policies in urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Qiu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanqi Li
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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Möhler R, Wartha O, Steinacker JM, Szagun B, Kobel S. Parental Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Children's Nutrition and the Potential Mediator Effect between the Health Promotion Program "Join the Healthy Boat" and Children's Nutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9463. [PMID: 33348737 PMCID: PMC7766743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity, as well as their associated risk factors for diseases, are already prevalent in childhood and, therefore, promoting healthy eating is important. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) and early health-promotion can be helpful in promoting healthy eating. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PSE on children's nutrition behavior and identify PSE as a mediator between an intervention and children's nutrition. The kindergarten-based health-promotion program "Join the Healthy Boat" was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial with 558 children (4.7 ± 0.6 years; 52.3% male) participating at both times. Linear and logistic regressions as well as mediation analyses with potential covariates such as parental outcome expectancies or parental nutrition were carried out using questionnaire data. In children, PSE was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.237; p < 0.001) and showed a protective effect on soft drink consumption (OR 0.728; p = 0.002). Parental nutrition was a stronger predictor of children's intake of fruit, vegetables (β = 0.451; p < 0.001), and soft drinks (OR 7.188; p < 0.001). There was no mediator effect of PSE. However, outcome expectancies were associated with PSE (β = 0.169; p = 0.032). In conclusion, interventions should promote self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and healthy nutrition for parents as well in order to strengthen the healthy eating habits of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Möhler
- Faculty Social Work, Health & Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany; (R.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Olivia Wartha
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (O.W.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jürgen Michael Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (O.W.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Bertram Szagun
- Faculty Social Work, Health & Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany; (R.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (O.W.); (J.M.S.)
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12
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Sato R, Fujiwara T, Kino S, Kawachi I. The association between father involvement in caregiving and early childhood overweight or obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12652. [PMID: 32358873 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing trend of paternal engagement in caregiving, fathers remain underrepresented in studies on parenting and childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between father involvement in caregiving and child's weight status within a longitudinal dataset from Japan. METHODS The data were obtained from a population-based cohort study in Japan (N = 29 584). The association between father's involvement in child caregiving (age 18 months) on the weight status of the same children at age 3.5 years was examined by logistic regression and linear regression analysis. Furthermore, we checked the interaction between maternal employment & father involvement by creating four mutually exclusive groups of families. RESULTS Children whose fathers were highly involved in caregiving were less likely to be overweight (OR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.85-0.96). Employed mothers with high paternal involvement in caregiving were 30% less likely to have children with overweight or obesity compared to those with low paternal involvement (95% CI, 0.55-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Father involvement in caregiving is associated with the development of overweight or obesity in early childhood, and may also modify the association between maternal employment and child's weight status. Social policies to support shared child-rearing such as expanding paid parental leave could help families to raise children with healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Sato
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Kino
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Bassul C, A. Corish C, M. Kearney J. Associations between the Home Environment, Feeding Practices and Children's Intakes of Fruit, Vegetables and Confectionary/Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134837. [PMID: 32635599 PMCID: PMC7370037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the home environment, parents influence their children’s dietary intakes through their parenting and dietary practices, and the foods they make available/accessible. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between home environmental characteristics and children’s dietary intakes. Three hundred and thirty-two children aged three–five years and their parents participated in the study. Home environmental characteristics, including parental control feeding practices, were explored using validated and standardized questionnaires such as the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), the Physical and Nutritional Home Environment Inventory (PNHEI) and the Healthy Home Survey (HHS). Parent and child food consumption was also measured. Pressure to eat from parents was associated with lower fruit intake in children (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.96, p = 0.032). Greater variety of fruit available in the home increased the likelihood of fruit consumption in children (OR 1.35 95% CI 1.09–1.68, p = 0.005). Watching television for ≥1 h per day was associated with a decreased probability of children eating vegetables daily (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20–0.72, p = 0.003) and doubled their likelihood of consuming confectionary/sugar-sweetened beverages more than once weekly (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.06–4.38, p = 0.034). Children whose parents had lower vegetable consumption were 59% less likely to eat vegetables daily. This study demonstrates that modifiable home environmental characteristics are significantly associated with children’s dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bassul
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (J.M.K.); Tel.: +353-(0)-1-402-2837 (C.B.); +353-(0)-1-402-2837 (J.M.K.)
| | - Clare A. Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - John M. Kearney
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (J.M.K.); Tel.: +353-(0)-1-402-2837 (C.B.); +353-(0)-1-402-2837 (J.M.K.)
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14
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Evaluation of the Predictive Ability, Environmental Regulation and Pharmacogenetics Utility of a BMI-Predisposing Genetic Risk Score during Childhood and Puberty. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061705. [PMID: 32498346 PMCID: PMC7355743 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenetic risk scores (pGRSs) consisting of adult body mass index (BMI) genetic variants have been widely associated with obesity in children populations. The implication of such obesity pGRSs in the development of cardio-metabolic alterations during childhood as well as their utility for the clinical prediction of pubertal obesity outcomes has been barely investigated otherwise. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of an adult BMI predisposing pGRS for the prediction and pharmacological management of obesity in Spanish children, further investigating its implication in the appearance of cardio-metabolic alterations. For that purpose, we counted on genetics data from three well-characterized children populations (composed of 574, 96 and 124 individuals), following both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, expanding childhood and puberty. As a result, we demonstrated that the pGRS is strongly associated with childhood BMI Z-Score (B = 1.56, SE = 0.27 and p-value = 1.90 × 10−8), and that could be used as a good predictor of obesity longitudinal trajectories during puberty. On the other hand, we showed that the pGRS is not associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities in children and that certain environmental factors interact with the genetic predisposition to the disease. Finally, according to the results derived from a weight-reduction metformin intervention in children with obesity, we discarded the utility of the pGRS as a pharmacogenetics marker of metformin response.
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15
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Preferences for Sweet and Fatty Taste in Children and Their Mothers in Association with Weight Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020538. [PMID: 31952132 PMCID: PMC7013461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strong preferences for sweet and fat tastes (characters) are associated with the consumption of foods high in calories. The taste preferences, especially the sweet and fat tastes (characters), might be one of the factors predisposing children to become overweight and/or develop obesity. The aim of the study is to assess taste preferences in children and their mothers in association with their weight status. In the study, 150 children aged 8–15 were included; among them, 75 had overweight and/or obesity, and 150 mothers of whom 69 were overweight and/or obese. Body composition estimates were obtained using a bioelectrical impedance analysis-body height was measured using a stadiometerSeca 213. Sensory tests were carried out using apple juice of various sugar content and crackers of various fat content. Results show that children prefer a sweet taste more often than their mothers (50.0% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.009). In the group of children who preferred the high-sweet taste, there were twice as many obese children when compared to the group who preferred the low-sweet taste. Similar relationships applied to mothers. Preferences for fat taste (character) among mothers increased the risk of obesity among their children (39% vs. 20%; p = 0.039). Taste preferences, especially a sweet taste preference, seem to be one of the important factors determining overweight and obesity in children and adults. The fat taste(character) preferences in mothers correlate with the overweight and/or obesity of their children, while such preferences among children were not significantly different irrespective of body weight status.
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16
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Accuracy of anthropometric measurements and weight status perceptions reported by parents of 4-year-old children. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:589-598. [PMID: 31685044 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of self-reported height and weight by parents of 4-year-old children and subjective weight perception. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Paediatric population living in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. PARTICIPANTS Children born in 2008-2009 examined at 47-59 months of age. Data were collected by paediatricians of the Madrid Primary Care Physicians Sentinel Network. Parents reported weight and height data. Prevalence of weight status categories was calculated using WHO and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference criteria. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were estimated. The appraisal of their child's weight perception and parental misperception were assessed. RESULTS For 2914 children, reported height was underestimated by -1·38 cm, weight by -0·25 kg and BMI was overestimated by +0·41 kg/m2 on average. The prevalence of obesity estimated with reported data was 2·7 times higher than that calculated with measured data (16·2 v. 6·0 %) according to WHO classification, and 3·6 times higher with IOTF classification. Sensitivity to identify obesity was 70·5 %, specificity was 87·3 % and PPV was 26·2 % (WHO classification). Half of the parents of pre-schoolers with obesity failed to identify their child's weight status. Parental misperception among children classified as having overweight or obesity reached 93·0 and 58·8 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Parents underestimated children's height and weight, leading to an overestimation of the prevalence of obesity. Small inaccuracies in reported measures have an important effect for the estimation of population prevalences. Parents' report of child weight status is unreliable. Parental awareness and acknowledgement of child weight status should be improved.
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17
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Anguita-Ruiz A, Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Rupérez AI, Leis R, Bueno G, Gil-Campos M, Vázquez-Cobela R, Cañete R, Moreno LA, Gil Á, Aguilera CM. X chromosome genetic data in a Spanish children cohort, dataset description and analysis pipeline. Sci Data 2019; 6:130. [PMID: 31332195 PMCID: PMC6646348 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
X chromosome genetic variation has been proposed as a potential source of missing heritability for many complex diseases, including obesity. Currently, there is a lack of public available genetic datasets incorporating X chromosome genotype data. Although several X chromosome-specific statistics have been developed, there is also a lack of readily available implementations for routine analysis. Here, we aimed: (1) to make public and describe a dataset incorporating phenotype and X chromosome genotype data from a cohort of 915 normal-weight, overweight and obese children, and (2) to deeply describe a whole implementation of the special X chromosome analytic process in genetics. Datasets and pipelines like this are crucial to get familiar with the steps in which X chromosome requires special attention and may raise awareness of the importance of this genomic region. Design Type(s) | disease analysis objective • factorial design • genetic structural variation analysis objective • genotyping design | Measurement Type(s) | genotyping assay | Technology Type(s) | genotyping | Factor Type(s) | sex • experimental condition | Sample Characteristic(s) | Homo sapiens • blood |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain. .,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain. .,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (IBS.GRANADA), University Clinical Hospital San Cecilio, Av. de la Investigación, s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain. .,CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (IBS.GRANADA), University Clinical Hospital San Cecilio, Av. de la Investigación, s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (IBS.GRANADA), University Clinical Hospital San Cecilio, Av. de la Investigación, s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain.,RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Cañete
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (IBS.GRANADA), University Clinical Hospital San Cecilio, Av. de la Investigación, s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain.,CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (IBS.GRANADA), University Clinical Hospital San Cecilio, Av. de la Investigación, s/n, Granada, 18016, Spain.,CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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18
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Palou P, Muntaner-Mas A, Cantallops J, Borràs PA, Labayen I, Jiménez-Pavón D, Dorado García C, Moliner-Urdiales D, Rodríguez Pérez MA, Rojo-Tirado MA, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ortega FB, Vidal-Conti J. A Single Question of Parent-Reported Physical Activity Levels Estimates Objectively Measured Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Preschool Children: The PREFIT Project. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1585. [PMID: 31354587 PMCID: PMC6635596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is recognized as a determinant of low physical fitness and body composition in preschool children, which in turn, are important markers of health through the lifespan. Objective methods to assess physical activity, physical fitness and body composition in preschool children are preferable; however, they have some practical limitations in the school context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether a single question regarding physical activity level of preschool children, reported by their parents, could be used as an alternative screening tool of physical fitness and body composition. The information was obtained from 10 different cities throughout Spain, gathering a total of 3179 healthy preschool children (52.8% boys and 47.2% girls) aged 3-5 years. Physical activity levels of preschool children were reported by parents using a single question with five response options (very low, low, average, high, or very high). Physical fitness and body composition were assessed with the PREFIT fitness battery. The results showed that parents' perception of their children's physical activity was positively associated with all objectively measured physical fitness components (βrange = -0.094 to 0.113; all p < 0.020); and negatively with body composition indicators as measured (βrange = -0.113 to -0.058; all p < 0.001). The results showed significant differences in all physical fitness and body composition z-scores across the parent-reported physical activity levels (all p < 0.017 and all p < 0.001, respectively), as well as, for the fitness index (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that in school settings with insufficient resources to objectively assess fitness and body composition, parents-reported physical activity level by means of a single question might provide useful information about these important health markers in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Palou
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaume Cantallops
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Pere Antoni Borràs
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado García
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Manuel A. Rodríguez Pérez
- Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group, CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group (LFE Research Group), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Conti
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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19
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Suprawoto DN, Hayati H, Rachmawati IN, Wanda D. "Fat Kids Are Adorable": The Experiences of Mothers Caring for Overweight Children in Indonesia. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2019; 42:226-233. [PMID: 31192711 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1594454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore mothers' experiences in caring for overweight children under five years of age. This study used a descriptive phenomenology approach, with in-depth interviews with ten mothers who had overweight children under five years of age (2-5 years) selected by purposive sampling. The data was then analyzed using thematic analysis based on Collaizi's approach. This study produced eight themes illustrating that mothers were not only unaware of the children's overweight condition, but even felt more pleased to have overweight kids. This caused mothers not to give the optimum effort in limiting their children's food intake. The low awareness mothers had towards their children's overweight condition indicated the need for an intervention program that focuses on overweight children under five years of age to empower the family and increase family awareness in managing obesity early.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Happy Hayati
- a Faculty of Nursing , Universitas Indonesia , Depok , West Java , Indonesia
| | | | - Dessie Wanda
- a Faculty of Nursing , Universitas Indonesia , Depok , West Java , Indonesia
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20
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Rupérez AI, Gomez-Llorente C, Olza J, Vázquez-Cobela R, Gil-Campos M, Bueno G, Leis R, Cañete R, Moreno LA, Gil A, Aguilera CM. Effects of X-chromosome Tenomodulin Genetic Variants on Obesity in a Children's Cohort and Implications of the Gene in Adipocyte Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3979. [PMID: 30850679 PMCID: PMC6408551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has been recently linked to obesity, and it is highly expressed in obese adipose tissue. Several sex-dependent associations have been observed between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNMD gene, which is located in the X-chromosome, and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome in adults. On the other hand, results are lacking for children. We aimed (i) to study the association between TNMD genetic variants and metabolic complications related to childhood obesity and (ii) to investigate the function of TNMD in human adipocytes. We conducted a case-control, multicenter study in 915 Spanish children and demonstrated significant positive associations between TNMD genetic variants and BMI z-score, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in boys, highlighting the SNP rs4828038. Additionally, we showed a BMI-adjusted inverse association with waist circumference in girls. Second, in vitro experiments revealed that TNMD is involved in adipogenesis, along with glucose and lipid metabolism in differentiated adipocytes, and these effects may be mediated through AMPK activation. Hence, these results suggest that TNMD genetic variants could be potentially useful as early life risk indicators for obesity and T2DM. In addition, we support the fact that TNMD exhibits significant metabolic functions in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón),, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Cañete
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón),, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Concepcion Maria Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Jabakhanji SB, Boland F, Ward M, Biesma R. Body Mass Index Changes in Early Childhood. J Pediatr 2018; 202:106-114. [PMID: 30146115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To longitudinally investigate body mass index (BMI) in young children in Ireland and identify factors and critical time points associated with changes in BMI. STUDY DESIGN Data on 11 134 children were collected in the nationally representative Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort study. Height and weight were measured at 9 months, 3 years, and 5 years of age. Multilevel regression was used to identify risk factors associated with changes in BMI over time (n = 10 377), combining a unique set of covariates collected from the child and the 2 main caregivers (usually the mother and father). RESULTS The proportion of children ≥85th percentile of World Health Organization growth criteria was 39% at 9 months, 44% at 3 years, and 30% at 5 years. Children born large for gestational age (13%) and those with rapid infant weight gain (25%) consistently had higher BMI. Low average BMIs were consistently seen in children born small for gestational age (10%) or before 37 weeks (7%). Smaller variations in BMI existed for other factors including ethnicity, household structure, caregiver weight status, breastfeeding, sex, socioeconomic status, sleeping hours, childcare, and region. CONCLUSIONS In this study, differences at birth and in infancy appear to be most strongly associated with variation in BMI at all ages. Nevertheless, belonging to a number of other high-risk groups cumulatively could lead children to develop critical weight states. Policy-makers should target families with interventions before and during pregnancy when dominant risk factors are still modifiable. Longer-term follow-up of children may be needed to study associations later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Boland
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- School of Medicine, The Center for Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Regien Biesma
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Vaquera E, Jones R, Marí-Klose P, Marí-Klose M, Cunningham SA. Unhealthy weight among children in Spain and the role of the home environment. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:591. [PMID: 30111360 PMCID: PMC6094473 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Unhealthy weight is a major global health concern. This study examines unhealthy weight among children in Spain and the role of the home environment therein. Data are from a 2010 national survey of families with children. We examined unhealthy weight among children ages 5–10 years using the WHO Child Growth Standards and used multivariate logistic regression to assess associations with family characteristics. Results There was a high prevalence of unhealthy weight, with only 46% of children at normal weight. Both underweight and obesity were higher among boys (14%; 22%) than girls (13%; 12%). Underweight and obesity were higher among children of mothers with obesity and those with unemployed parents. Obesity was higher among children of mothers who were less educated (35%) and among children of immigrants (19%). We find high levels of unhealthy weight in children, with both underweight and obesity being predicted by the same family environment characteristics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3665-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vaquera
- Department of Sociology and Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, Cisneros Hispanic Leadership Institute, The George Washington University, 2114 G Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Pau Marí-Klose
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y del Trabajo, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Marga Marí-Klose
- Dept. Sociologia i Anàlisi de les Organitzacions, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Costa KCM, Ciampo LAD, Silva PS, Lima JC, Martins WDP, Nogueira de Almeida CA. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK IN OBESE CHILDREN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 36:171-175. [PMID: 29617475 PMCID: PMC6038792 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;2;00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether the obesity alters ultrasonographical markers of
metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 80 children aged between 6 and 10 years,
comparing 40 obese with 40 normal children. The following parameters were
assessed: weight; height; body mass index; arterial blood pressure; body
fat; basal metabolic rate; HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total
cholesterol; fasting insulin and glucose; quantitative insulin sensitivity
check index (QUICKI); homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance
(HOMA-IR); basal diameter of the brachial artery; brachial artery flow
mediated dilation (FMD) and of pulsatility index change (PI-C). Results: Significant differences were observed between obese vs. non-obese children:
systolic blood pressure (97.7±8.4 vs. 89.0±5.8 mmHg; p<0.01), diastolic
blood pressure (64.3±7.9 vs. 52.9±5.1 mmHg; p<0.01), proportion of body
fat (45.1±5.9 vs. 21.3±6.0%; p<0.01), basal metabolic rate (1216.1±102.1
vs. 1072.9±66.4 Kcal; p<0.01), total cholesterol (164.7±25.2 vs.
153.4±15.8 mg/dL; p=0.03), fasting insulin (7.1±5.2 vs. 2.8±1.8 pIU/mL;
p<0.01), HOMA-IR (1.5±1.1 vs. 0.6±0.4; p<0.01), basal diameter of the
brachial artery (2.5±0.3 vs. 2.1±0.3 mm; p<0.01); PI-C (-15.5±27.2 vs.
-31.9±15.5%; p<0.01), decreased QUICKI (0.4±0.05 vs. 0.4±0.03;
p<0.01), and FMD (6.6±3.2 vs. 15.6±7.3%; p<0.01). Conclusions: Obesity worsens ultrasonographical and laboratorial markers of metabolic and
cardiovascular disease risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jailson Costa Lima
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Do Preschools Offer Healthy Beverages to Children? A Nationwide Study in Poland. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111167. [PMID: 29072604 PMCID: PMC5707639 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children’s beverage consumption patterns have received increased attention in light of the obesity epidemic in this group. In day care centers (DCCs), children spend up to 10 h a day, and typically consume half to three quarters of their daily food intake. The purpose of the study was to investigate what beverages are typically served to children in preschools in Poland, and to evaluate the practices associated with adding sugar and other sweetening agents to beverages. Methods: Direct interviews with preschools staff were conducted with a questionnaire regarding offered beverages and adding sugar and other sweetening agents. The menu of 10 consecutive days and inventory reports were analyzed to verify information. Results: A total of 720 preschools were included in the study. Cocoa and milk coffee substitute were served in 95% of preschools, followed by compote (92%), tea (84%), fruit/herbal tea (73%) and water (69%). Water was the only beverage available between meals (93% DCCs). 86% of preschools added sugar to tea/cocoa/coffee substitute drinks, and 74% to compote. Conclusions: In the majority of preschools, beverages which are not recommended were offered. Such an assortment of beverages and common practice of sweetening can increase the amount of added sugar in a children diet. Nutrition education and legal regulations concerning the assortment of beverages served in preschools are urgently needed.
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