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Zhang C, Qiu M, Fu H. Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system diseases: the effect of cytokine regulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2132-2143. [PMID: 38488548 PMCID: PMC11034588 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Ollen-Bittle N, Roseborough AD, Wang W, Wu JLD, Whitehead SN. Connecting cellular mechanisms and extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2119-2131. [PMID: 38488547 PMCID: PMC11034607 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing candidates for a liquid biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowledge from animal and in vitro models to help infer what these changes may indicate regrading cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for distinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Ollen-Bittle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Austyn D. Roseborough
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeng-liang D. Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn N. Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Deparment of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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3
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Schaefers C, Schmeißer W, John H, Worek F, Rein T, Rothmiller S, Schmidt A. Effects of the nerve agent VX on hiPSC-derived motor neurons. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1859-1875. [PMID: 38555327 PMCID: PMC11106096 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Poisoning with the organophosphorus nerve agent VX can be life-threatening due to limitations of the standard therapy with atropine and oximes. To date, the underlying pathomechanism of VX affecting the neuromuscular junction has not been fully elucidated structurally. Results of recent studies investigating the effects of VX were obtained from cells of animal origin or immortalized cell lines limiting their translation to humans. To overcome this limitation, motor neurons (MN) of this study were differentiated from in-house feeder- and integration-free-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) by application of standardized and antibiotic-free differentiation media with the aim to mimic human embryogenesis as closely as possible. For testing VX sensitivity, MN were initially exposed once to 400 µM, 600 µM, 800 µM, or 1000 µM VX and cultured for 5 days followed by analysis of changes in viability and neurite outgrowth as well as at the gene and protein level using µLC-ESI MS/HR MS, XTT, IncuCyte, qRT-PCR, and Western Blot. For the first time, VX was shown to trigger neuronal cell death and decline in neurite outgrowth in hiPSC-derived MN in a time- and concentration-dependent manner involving the activation of the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Consistent with this, MN morphology and neurite network were altered time and concentration-dependently. Thus, MN represent a valuable tool for further investigation of the pathomechanism after VX exposure. These findings might set the course for the development of a promising human neuromuscular test model and patient-specific therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schaefers
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Schmeißer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
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Xie Q, Namba MD, Buck LA, Park K, Jackson JG, Barker JM. Effects of Antiretroviral Treatment on Central and Peripheral Immune Response in Mice with EcoHIV Infection. Cells 2024; 13:882. [PMID: 38786105 PMCID: PMC11120433 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is an ongoing global health issue, despite increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). People living with HIV (PLWH) who are virally suppressed through ART still experience negative health outcomes, including neurocognitive impairment. It is increasingly evident that ART may act independently or in combination with HIV infection to alter the immune state, though this is difficult to disentangle in the clinical population. Thus, these experiments used multiplexed chemokine/cytokine arrays to assess peripheral (plasma) and brain (nucleus accumbens; NAc) expression of immune targets in the presence and absence of ART treatment in the EcoHIV mouse model. The findings identify the effects of EcoHIV infection and of treatment with bictegravir (B), emtricitabine (F), and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on the expression of numerous immune targets. In the NAc, this included EcoHIV-induced increases in IL-1α and IL-13 expression and B/F/TAF-induced reductions in KC/CXCL1. In the periphery, EcoHIV suppressed IL-6 and LIF expression, while B/F/TAF reduced IL-12p40 expression. In the absence of ART, IBA-1 expression was negatively correlated with CX3CL1 expression in the NAc of EcoHIV-infected mice. These findings identify distinct effects of ART and EcoHIV infection on peripheral and central immune factors and emphasize the need to consider ART effects on neural and immune outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mark D. Namba
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
| | - Lauren A. Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
| | - Kyewon Park
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Joshua G. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (Q.X.); (M.D.N.); (L.A.B.); (J.G.J.)
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Kars ME, Wu Y, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Burisch J, Peter I, Itan Y. The landscape of rare genetic variation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease comorbidity. Genome Med 2024; 16:66. [PMID: 38741190 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have been suggested to share common pathophysiological processes. LRRK2 has been implicated as playing a role in both diseases. Exploring the genetic basis of the IBD-PD comorbidity through studying high-impact rare genetic variants can facilitate the identification of the novel shared genetic factors underlying this comorbidity. METHODS We analyzed whole exomes from the BioMe BioBank and UK Biobank, and whole genomes from a cohort of 67 European patients diagnosed with both IBD and PD to examine the effects of LRRK2 missense variants on IBD, PD and their co-occurrence (IBD-PD). We performed optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT-O) and network-based heterogeneity clustering (NHC) analyses using high-impact rare variants in the IBD-PD cohort to identify novel candidate genes, which we further prioritized by biological relatedness approaches. We conducted phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) employing BioMe BioBank and UK Biobank whole exomes to estimate the genetic relevance of the 14 prioritized genes to IBD-PD. RESULTS The analysis of LRRK2 missense variants revealed significant associations of the G2019S and N2081D variants with IBD-PD in addition to several other variants as potential contributors to increased or decreased IBD-PD risk. SKAT-O identified two significant genes, LRRK2 and IL10RA, and NHC identified 6 significant gene clusters that are biologically relevant to IBD-PD. We observed prominent overlaps between the enriched pathways in the known IBD, PD, and candidate IBD-PD gene sets. Additionally, we detected significantly enriched pathways unique to the IBD-PD, including MAPK signaling, LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function, and NAD signaling. Fourteen final candidate IBD-PD genes were prioritized by biological relatedness methods. The biological importance scores estimated by protein-protein interaction networks and pathway and ontology enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of genes related to immunity, inflammation, and autophagy in IBD-PD. Additionally, PheWAS provided support for the associations of candidate genes with IBD and PD. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms and uncovers new LRRK2 associations in IBD-PD. The identification of novel inflammation and autophagy-related genes supports and expands previous findings related to IBD-PD pathogenesis, and underscores the significance of therapeutic interventions for reducing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ece Kars
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nan Chong, Si Chuan, 637009, China
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Johan Burisch
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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White AG, Elias E, Orozco A, Robinson SA, Manners MT. Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: Relevance of Rodent Models to Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5085. [PMID: 38791125 PMCID: PMC11121038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain is the central organ of adaptation to stress because it perceives and determines threats that induce behavioral, physiological, and molecular responses. In humans, chronic stress manifests as an enduring consistent feeling of pressure and being overwhelmed for an extended duration. This can result in a persistent proinflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), resulting in cellular, physiological, and behavioral effects. Compounding stressors may increase the risk of chronic-stress-induced inflammation, which can yield serious health consequences, including mental health disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the neuroinflammatory response in rodent models of chronic stress-a relationship that is continually being defined. Many studies investigating the effects of chronic stress on neuroinflammation in rodent models have identified significant changes in inflammatory modulators, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. This suggests that these are key inflammatory factors in the chronic stress response, which may contribute to the establishment of anxiety and depression-like symptoms. The behavioral and neurological effects of modulating inflammatory factors through gene knockdown (KD) and knockout (KO), and conventional and alternative medicine approaches, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. White
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Elias Elias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Andrea Orozco
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | | | - Melissa T. Manners
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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Gurung P, Lim J, Thapa Magar TB, Shrestha R, Kim YW. Euonymus alatus Leaf Extract Attenuates Effects of Aging on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:433. [PMID: 38671881 PMCID: PMC11047375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of Euonymus alatus leaf extract on age-dependent oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and progressive memory impairments in aged mice. Twenty-four-month-old mice received EA-L3 (300 mg/kg/day) or the reference drug, donepezil (DPZ, 5 mg/kg/day), for 6 weeks, and learning and memory functions were detected using the Passive Avoidance Test (PAT). As expected, cognitive function deficits were detected in aged mice compared with young mice, and these deficits were significantly mitigated by dietary treatments with EA-L3. In parallel, it upregulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and subsequently activated the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signaling in the mouse hippocampus and scopolamine-induced B35 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. EA-L3 showed strong anti-inflammatory effects with decreased NF-κBp65, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), increased interleukin (IL)-10, and doublecortin (DCX) protein expression in the hippocampus of aged mice. Similar results were also confirmed in LPS-induced BV-2 microglia and neuroblastoma cells upon treatment with EA-L3 extract. In addition, EA-L3 notably dose-dependently decreased ROS in BV2 cells after exposure to LPS. Taken together, EA-L3 might be used as a dietary supplement to alleviate oxidative stress, the deterioration of hippocampal-based memory tasks, and neuroinflammation in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (T.B.T.M.); (R.S.)
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Bilal H, McDonald SJ, Stout JC, Harding IH. Associations of inflammatory cytokines and cortisol with nonmotor features of Huntington's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:989-999. [PMID: 38356101 PMCID: PMC11021624 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease involving progressive motor abnormalities, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. Depression and cognitive difficulties are among the most impactful symptoms of HD, yet the pathogenesis of these symptoms is not fully understood. HD involves low-level chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which are linked to depression and cognitive impairment in non-HD populations. However, previous research on the relationships of these pathologies with depression and cognition in HD is limited and inconsistent. METHODS Fifty-three adults with the HD gene expansion (30 premanifest and 23 manifest) completed measures of depression and cognitive functioning. Forty-eight out of 53 participants provided hair samples for quantification of cortisol, and 34 participants provided blood samples for quantification of peripheral inflammatory cytokines. We examined the associations of four cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and cortisol levels with depression and cognitive scores. RESULTS In unadjusted models, higher levels of plasma IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α correlated with higher depression scores, and higher levels of IL-10 and TNF-α correlated with poorer cognitive performance. After controlling for age, sex, and body mass index, only the correlations of IL-10 with depression and cognitive performance remained significant. No correlations were evident with hair cortisol. INTERPRETATIONS Peripheral inflammation is associated with depression symptoms and cognitive impairment in HD. Our findings suggest that interactions between the immune and nervous systems are important in HD, and highlight the potential of chronic inflammation as a therapeutic target in early stages of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Bilal
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityPrahranVictoriaAustralia
| | - Julie C. Stout
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ian H. Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityPrahranVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Chamberland É, Moravveji S, Doyon N, Duchesne S. A computational model of Alzheimer's disease at the nano, micro, and macroscales. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1348113. [PMID: 38586183 PMCID: PMC10995318 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1348113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mathematical models play a crucial role in investigating complex biological systems, enabling a comprehensive understanding of interactions among various components and facilitating in silico testing of intervention strategies. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by multifactorial causes and intricate interactions among biological entities, necessitating a personalized approach due to the lack of effective treatments. Therefore, mathematical models offer promise as indispensable tools in combating AD. However, existing models in this emerging field often suffer from limitations such as inadequate validation or a narrow focus on single proteins or pathways. Methods In this paper, we present a multiscale mathematical model that describes the progression of AD through a system of 19 ordinary differential equations. The equations describe the evolution of proteins (nanoscale), cell populations (microscale), and organ-level structures (macroscale) over a 50-year lifespan, as they relate to amyloid and tau accumulation, inflammation, and neuronal death. Results Distinguishing our model is a robust foundation in biological principles, ensuring improved justification for the included equations, and rigorous parameter justification derived from published experimental literature. Conclusion This model represents an essential initial step toward constructing a predictive framework, which holds significant potential for identifying effective therapeutic targets in the fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éléonore Chamberland
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Seyedadel Moravveji
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doyon
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Radiologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
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Merchant RA, Chan YH, Anbarasan D, Vellas B. Association of intrinsic capacity with functional ability, sarcopenia and systemic inflammation in pre-frail older adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1374197. [PMID: 38510450 PMCID: PMC10953915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1374197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Decline in intrinsic capacity (IC) has been shown to accelerate progression to disability. The study aims to explore association of IC composite score with functional ability, sarcopenia and systemic inflammation in pre-frail older adults. Methods Cross-sectional study of pre-frail older adults ≥60 years old recruited from the community and primary care centers. Composite scores of four domains of IC were measured: locomotion, vitality, cognition and psychological. FRAIL scale was used to define pre-frailty. Muscle mass was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. Systemic inflammation biomarkers [Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), and Growth differentiated factor 15 (GDF-15)] were measured. Participants in the lowest tertile (T1) exhibited greater decline in IC. Results A total of 398 pre-frail older adults were recruited, mean age was 72.7 ± 5.8 years, 60.1% female, education level 7.8 years, and 85.2% were of Chinese ethnicity. A total of 75.1% had decline in locomotion, 40.5% in vitality, 53.2% in cognition and 41.7% in psychological domain. A total of 95% had decline in at least one domain. T1 was significantly associated with ADL impairment (aOR 3.36, 95% CI 1.78-6.32), IADL impairment (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.36-4.13), poor perceived health (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98), fall (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.05-2.84), cognitive impairment (aOR 8.21, 95% CI 4.69-14.39), depression (aOR 101.82, 95% CI 33.62-308.37), and sarcopenia (aOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.60-5.45). T1 had significant associations with GDF-15, IL-10, and IL-10 to TNF-α ratio. Conclusion Decline in IC composite score among pre-frail older adults was associated with functional limitation, sarcopenia, and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Aziz Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denishkrshna Anbarasan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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11
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Bobermin LD, Sesterheim P, da Costa DS, Rezena E, Schmitz I, da Silva A, de Moraes ADM, Souza DO, Wyse AT, Leipnitz G, Netto CA, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Simvastatin Differentially Modulates Glial Functions in Cultured Cortical and Hypothalamic Astrocytes Derived from Interferon α/β Receptor Knockout mice. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:732-743. [PMID: 38063948 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes have key regulatory roles in central nervous system (CNS), integrating metabolic, inflammatory and synaptic responses. In this regard, type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling in astrocytes can regulate synaptic plasticity. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug that has shown anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on astrocytes, a main source of cholesterol for neurons, remain to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects of simvastatin in inflammatory and functional parameters of primary cortical and hypothalamic astrocyte cultures obtained from IFNα/β receptor knockout (IFNα/βR-/-) mice. Overall, simvastatin decreased extracellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which were related to a downregulation in gene expression in hypothalamic, but not in cortical astrocytes. Moreover, there was an increase in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both structures. Effects of simvastatin in inflammatory signaling also involved a downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression as well as an upregulation of nuclear factor κB subunit p65 (NFκB p65). The expression of cytoprotective genes sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2 (Nrf2) was also increased by simvastatin. In addition, simvastatin increased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels only in cortical astrocytes. Our findings provide evidence that astrocytes from different regions are important cellular targets of simvastatin in the CNS, even in the absence of IFNα/βR, which was showed by the modulation of cytokine production and release, as well as the expression of cytoprotective genes and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Schauren da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ester Rezena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Daniel Moreira de Moraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Ts Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Pereira ADS, Bottari NB, Nauderer JN, Assmann CE, Copetti PM, Reichert KP, Mostardeiro VB, da Silveira MV, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Purinergic signaling influences the neuroinflammatory outcomes of a testosterone-derived synthetic in female rats: Resistance training protective effects on brain health. Steroids 2024; 203:109352. [PMID: 38128896 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to treat and protect against several neuroinflammatory conditions and thus to prevent brain disorders. However, the interest in ergogenic resources by athletes and bodybuilding practitioners is widespread and on the rise. These substances shorten the process of performance gain and improve aesthetics, having led to the prominent use and abuse of hormones in the past years. Recent evidence has shown that the purinergic system, composed of adenine nucleotides, nucleosides, enzymes, and receptors, participates in a wide range of processes within the brain, such as neuroinflammation, neuromodulation, and cellular communication. Here, we investigated the effects of the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) testosterone (TES) at a dose of 70 mg/kg/week in female rats and the neuroprotective effect of resistance exercise related to the purinergic system and oxidative stress parameters. Our findings showed a decrease in ATP and ADO hydrolysis in treated and trained animals. Furthermore, there was an increase in the density of purinoceptors (P2X7 and A2A) and inflammatory markers (IBA-1, NRLP3, CASP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the cerebral cortex of animals that received AAS. On the other hand, exercise reversed neuroinflammatory parameters such as IBA-1, NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-1β and improved antioxidant response and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine levels. Overall, this study shows that the use of TES without indication or prescription disrupts brain homeostasis, as demonstrated by the increase in neuroinflammation, and that the practice of exercise can protect brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline da Silva Pereira
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jelson Norberto Nauderer
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Copetti
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Dunlap NE, Friedland RP, Cai L. Alzheimer's disease and low-dose radiation therapy: A new hope. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2024; 5:1-6. [PMID: 38585336 PMCID: PMC10997373 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of low-dose radiation (LDR)-induced hormetic responses was initially observed approximately 70 years ago and systematically reviewed along with the discovery of LDR-induced adaptive responses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in 1980s. By the end of the 1990s, discussions regarding the potential applications of LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses for preventing or treating chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) had taken place. Until 2016, reports on radiotherapy for the subjects with AD and for genetic AD model mice were published. Subsequently, several preclinical studies with animal models of AD and clinical studies in AD subjects were conducted. A significant milestone was achieved with the online availability of a new Systematic Review based on qualified publications from these preclinical and clinical studies. This mini-review provides a concise historical introduction to LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses with discussion of AD radiotherapy with either LDR or relatively high dose radiation. Highlights of this Systematic Review cover promising outcomes, challenges, and new questions, followed by discussion of potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal E. Dunlap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert P. Friedland
- Department of Neurology, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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14
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Dolcetti E, Buttari F, Bruno A, Azzolini F, Gilio L, Di Caprio V, Lauritano G, Borrelli A, Galifi G, Furlan R, Finardi A, Musella A, Guadalupi L, Mandolesi G, Rovella V, Centonze D, Stampanoni Bassi M. Low-contrast visual acuity test is associated with central inflammation and predicts disability development in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1326506. [PMID: 38585351 PMCID: PMC10995923 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1326506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The visual system is a prominent site of damage in MS since the earliest phases of the disease. Altered low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) test has been associated with visual impairment and retinal degeneration, predicting medium- and long-term disability. However, it is unclear whether LCVA may also represent a reliable measure of neuroinflammation and a predictor of disease evolution in the very early stages of MS. Methods We explored in a group of 76 consecutive newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients without visual impairment or altered visual evoked potentials, the association between LCVA scores at 2.5% and 1.25% and clinical characteristics, including prospective disability evaluated after 1- and 2 years of follow-up. Associations between LCVA and the CSF levels of IL-10 at diagnosis were also analyzed. Results A negative correlation was found between LCVA at 2.5% and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) evaluated at first (Spearman's Rho = -0.349, p = 0.005, n = 62) and second year (Spearman's Rho = -0.418, p < 0.001, n = 62) of follow-up, and negative correlations were found with Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) at first (Spearman's Rho = -0.359, p = 0.004, n = 62) and second year (Spearman's Rho = -0.472, p < 0.001, n = 62). All the data were confirmed by a mixed effect model, considering other clinical variables. A positive correlation was found between the CSF concentrations of IL-10 and LCVA at 2.5% (Spearman's Rho = 0.272, p = 0.020, n = 76), and 1.25% (Spearman's Rho, = 0.276, p = 0.018, n = 76), also evidenced in a linear regression. Discussion In MS patients at diagnosis, altered LCVA may be associated with CSF inflammation and represent a useful parameter to identify patients with worse disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Neurology Unit, IRCSS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Luana Gilio
- Neurology Unit, IRCSS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, Uninettuno Telematic International University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Guadalupi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diego Centonze
- Neurology Unit, IRCSS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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15
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Iemmolo M, Bivona G, Piccoli T, Nicosia A, Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Pietra F, Ghersi G. Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluids from Alzheimer and Non-Alzheimer Patients on Neurons-Astrocytes-Microglia Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2510. [PMID: 38473758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and synaptic/neuronal loss, the latter being the strongest correlating factor with memory and cognitive impairment. Through an in vitro study on a neurons-astrocytes-microglia (NAM) co-culture system, we analyzed the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD and non-AD patients (other neurodegenerative pathologies). Treatment with CSF from AD patients showed a loss of neurofilaments and spheroids, suggesting the presence of elements including CX3CL1 (soluble form), destabilizing the neurofilaments, cellular adhesion processes, and intercellular contacts. The NAM co-cultures were analyzed in immunofluorescence assays for several markers related to AD, such as through zymography, where the expression of proteolytic enzymes was quantified both in cell extracts and the co-cultures' conditioned medium (CM). Through qRT-PCR assays, several genes involved in the formation of β-amyloid plaque, in phosphorylation of tau, and in inflammation pathways and MMP expression were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Pietra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu J, Bai Y, Fan B, Lu C, Wang F. Structural Characterization and Antidepressant-like Effects of Polygonum sibiricum Polysaccharides on Regulating Microglial Polarization in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2005. [PMID: 38396684 PMCID: PMC10888389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the main active ingredients of Polygonum sibiricum (PS), which is a food and medicine homolog used throughout Chinese history. The antidepressant-like effects of PSP and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially the regulation of microglial polarization. The current study determined the chemical composition and structural characteristics of PSP. Then, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was carried out on the zebrafish for 5 weeks, and PSP was immersed for 9 days (1 h/d). The body weight of zebrafish was monitored, and behavioral tests, including the novel tank test and light and dark tank test, were performed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of PSP. Then, the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, the levels of peripheral inflammation, neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage in the mesencephalon and telencephalon, and the mRNA expression of M1/M2 phenotype genes in the brain were examined. PSP samples had the typical structural characteristics of polysaccharides, consisting of glucose, mannose, and galactose, with an average Mw of 20.48 kDa, which presented porous and agglomerated morphologies. Compared with untreated zebrafish, the depression-like behaviors of CUMS-induced zebrafish were significantly attenuated. PSP significantly decreased the levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines in the body of CUMS-induced depressive zebrafish. Furthermore, PSP remarkably reversed the neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage in the mesencephalon and telencephalon and the mRNA expression of M1/M2 phenotype genes in the brain. These findings indicated that the antidepressant-like effects of PSP were related to altering the HPI axis hyperactivation, suppressing peripheral inflammation, inhibiting neuroinflammation induced by microglia hyperactivation, and modulating microglial M1/M2 polarization. The current study provides the foundations for future examinations of PSP in the functional foods of emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Danyang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Yajuan Bai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
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17
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Saad EE, Michel R, Borahay MA. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and uterine fibroids: Role in collagen synthesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:93-100. [PMID: 37839993 PMCID: PMC10922281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UF), also called uterine leiomyoma, is one of the most prevalent uterine tumors. UF represents a serious women's health global problem with a significant physical, emotional, and socioeconomic impact. Risk factors for UF include racial disparities, age, race, hormonal factors, obesity, and lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and stress. There are several biological contributors to UF pathogenesis such as cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. This review addresses tumor immune microenvironment as a novel mediator of ECM deposition. Polarization of immune microenvironment towards the immunosuppressive phenotype has been associated with ECM deposition. Immunosuppressive cells include M2 macrophage, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and Th17 cells, and their secretomes include interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, arginase 1, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1). The change in the immune microenvironment not only increase tumor growth but also aids in collagen synthesis and ECM disposition, which is one of the main hallmarks of UF pathogenesis. This review invites further investigations on the change in the UF immune microenvironment as well as a novel targeting approach instead of the traditional UF hormonal and supportive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam E Saad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rachel Michel
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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18
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Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Naldan ME, Yeni Y, Genc S, Hacimuftuoglu A, Isik M, Necip A, Bolat İ, Yildirim S, Beydemir S, Baykan M. Effect of fentanyl and remifentanil on neuron damage and oxidative stress during induction neurotoxicity. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18118. [PMID: 38332529 PMCID: PMC10853584 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids can be used for medical and non-medical purposes. Chronic pain such as cancer, as well as the frequent use of such drugs in places such as operating rooms and intensive care units, and in non-medical areas like drug abuse the effects and side effects of these drugs need to be examined in more detail. For this purpose, the effects of fentanyl and remifentanil drugs on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cholinesterase metabolism were investigated. Neuron cells (CRL-10742) were used for the evaluation of the toxicity of fentanyl and remifentanil. MTT, PON1 activity and total thiol levels for its effect on oxidative stress, AChE and BChE activities for its effect on the cholinergic system, and TNF, IL-8 and IL-10 gene levels for its neuroinflammation effect were determined. The highest neurotoxic dose of fentanyl and remifentanil was determined as 10 μg/mL. It was observed that the rate of neuron cells in this dose has decreased by up to 61.80% and 56.89%, respectively. The IL-8 gene expression level in both opioids was down-regulated while IL 10 gene level was up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. In our results, the TNF gene expression level differs between the two opioids. In the fentanyl group, it was seen to be up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. Fentanyl and remifentanil showed an inhibitory effect against PON1, while remifentanil showed an increase in total thiol levels. PON1, BChE and total thiol activities showed similarity with MTT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammet Emin Naldan
- Department of Anesthesiology and ReanimationUniversity of Health Sciences, Hospital of CityErzurumTurkey
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineBilecik Seyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Mesut Isik
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of EngineeringBilecik Seyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | - Adem Necip
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health ServicesHarran UniversitySanlıurfaTurkey
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Sukru Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAnadolu UniversityEskisehirTurkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Seyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | - Mahmut Baykan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineBilecik Seyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
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Al-Qahtani AA, Alhamlan FS, Al-Qahtani AA. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:13. [PMID: 38251210 PMCID: PMC10818686 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that are crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of immune cells, whereas anti-inflammatory ILs help to suppress excessive inflammation and promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ILs in infectious diseases, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying their effects, their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and emerging trends in IL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Córdoba-Moreno MO, Santos GC, Muxel SM, Dos Santos-Silva D, Quiles CL, Sousa KDS, Markus RP, Fernandes PACM. IL-10-induced STAT3/NF-κB crosstalk modulates pineal and extra-pineal melatonin synthesis. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12923. [PMID: 37990784 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Immune-pineal axis activation is part of the assembly of immune responses. Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit the pineal synthesis of melatonin while inducing it in macrophages by mechanisms dependent on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Cytokines activating the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), modulate melatonin synthesis in the pineal, bone marrow (BM), and spleen. The stimulatory effect of IFN-γ upon the pineal gland depends on STAT1/NF-κB interaction, but the mechanisms controlling IL-10 effects on melatonin synthesis remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of STAT3 and NF-κB activation by IL-10 upon the melatonin synthesis of rats' pineal gland, BM, spleen, and peritoneal cells. The results show that IL-10-induced interaction of (p)STAT3 with specific NF-κB dimmers leads to different cell effects. IL-10 increases the pineal's acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin content via nuclear translocation of NF-κB/STAT3. In BM, the nuclear translocation of STAT3/p65-NF-κB complexes increases ASMT expression and melatonin content. Increased pSTAT3/p65-NF-κB nuclear translocation in the spleen enhances phosphorylated serotonin N-acetyltransferase ((p)SNAT) expression and melatonin content. Conversely, in peritoneal cells, IL-10 leads to NF-κB p50/p50 inhibitory dimmer nuclear translocation, decreasing (p)SNAT expression and melatonin content. In conclusion, IL-10's effects on melatonin production depend on the NF-κB subunits interacting with (p)STAT3. Thus, variations of IL-10 levels and downstream pathways during immune responses might be critical regulatory factors adjusting pineal and extra-pineal synthesis of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra M Muxel
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kassiano D S Sousa
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina P Markus
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Garmendia JV, De Sanctis CV, Das V, Annadurai N, Hajduch M, De Sanctis JB. Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Therapeutics and Beyond. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1080-1109. [PMID: 37898823 PMCID: PMC10964103 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231017141636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) incidence has recently increased due to improved life expectancy. Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent NDs. Both diseases are poly genetic, multifactorial and heterogenous. Preventive medicine, a healthy diet, exercise, and controlling comorbidities may delay the onset. After the diseases are diagnosed, therapy is needed to slow progression. Recent studies show that local, peripheral and age-related inflammation accelerates NDs' onset and progression. Patients with autoimmune disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) could be at higher risk of developing AD or PD. However, no increase in ND incidence has been reported if the patients are adequately diagnosed and treated. Autoantibodies against abnormal tau, β amyloid and α- synuclein have been encountered in AD and PD and may be protective. This discovery led to the proposal of immune-based therapies for AD and PD involving monoclonal antibodies, immunization/ vaccines, pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition and anti-inflammatory cytokine addition. All the different approaches have been analysed here. Future perspectives on new therapeutic strategies for both disorders are concisely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Valentina Garmendia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Valentina De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (Catrin), Palacky University, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
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22
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Zahoor I, Mir S, Giri S. Profiling blood-based brain biomarkers and cytokines in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis using single-molecule array technology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.25.573285. [PMID: 38234812 PMCID: PMC10793409 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.25.573285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remains a widely used pre-clinical animal model to study multiple sclerosis (MS). Blood-based cytokines and CNS biomarkers are increasingly used as predictors of neurodegeneration, disease activity, and disability in MS. However, there exists variation in animal model characterization and disease course across animal strains/studies due to understudied confounding factors, limiting the utility of these biomarkers to predict disease activity in EAE. In this study, we investigated the profile of blood-based analytes including, cytokines (IL6, IL17, IL12p70, IL10, and TNFα) and neural markers (NFL and GFAP) in the plasma of relapsing-remitting (RR) (SJL) and chronic (B6) models of EAE during different phases (acute, chronic, and progressive) of disease course using ultrasensitive single molecule array technology (SIMoA, Quanterix), which can detect ultra-low levels of a wide range of analytes. NFL showed a substantial increase during post-disease onset at peak, chronic, and progressive phases in both RR SJL and chronic B6 models of EAE. The increase was markedly pronounced in the chronic B6 model. The leakage of GFAP from CNS into the periphery was also higher after disease onset in EAE, however, it was highest during the acute phase in B6. Out of all cytokines, only IL10 showed consistently lower levels in both models of EAE along the disease duration. We report that NFL, GFAP, and IL10 may be more useful predictors of disease activity and neurological outcome in EAE, which would make them potential candidates for use as surrogate markers for preclinical testing of therapeutic interventions in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sajad Mir
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Xu Y, Gao W, Sun Y, Wu M. New insight on microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1308345. [PMID: 38188026 PMCID: PMC10770846 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1308345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells within the central nervous system (CNS) closely linked to brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In response to changes in the surrounding environment, microglia activate and change their state and function. Several factors, example for circadian rhythm disruption and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, influence microglia activation. In this review, we explore microglia's function and the associated neural mechanisms. We elucidate that circadian rhythms are essential factors influencing microglia activation and function. Circadian rhythm disruption affects microglia activation and, consequently, neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we found that abnormal microglia activation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases and an essential factor of disease development. Here we highlight the importance of microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting microglia for neurodegenerative disease treatment is a promising direction. We introduce the progress of methods targeting microglia for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the progress of drugs developed with microglia as targets, hoping to provide new ideas for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingnan Sun
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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24
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Balan I, Grusca A, O’Buckley TK, Morrow AL. Neurosteroid [3α,5α]-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one enhances IL-10 production via endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1299420. [PMID: 38179300 PMCID: PMC10765172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1299420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated the inhibitory effect of allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP) on the activation of inflammatory toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signals in RAW264.7 macrophages and the brains of selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. In the current study, we investigated the impact of 3α,5α-THP on the levels of IL-10 and activation of the TRIF-dependent endosomal TLR4 pathway. Methods The amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of P rats, which exhibit innately activated TLR4 pathways as well as RAW264.7 cells, were used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoblotting assays were used to ascertain the effects of 3α,5α-THP on the TRIF-dependent endosomal TLR4 pathway and endosomes were isolated to examine translocation of TLR4 and TRIF. Additionally, we investigated the effects of 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM) on the levels of IL-10 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Finally, we examined whether inhibiting TRIF (using TRIF siRNA) in RAW264.7 cells altered the levels of IL-10. Results 3α,5α-THP administration facilitated activation of the endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 pathway in males, but not female P rats. 3α,5α-THP increased IL-10 levels (+13.2 ± 6.5%) and BDNF levels (+21.1 ± 11.5%) in the male amygdala. These effects were associated with increases in pTRAM (+86.4 ± 28.4%), SP1 (+122.2 ± 74.9%), and PI(3)K-p110δ (+61.6 ± 21.6%), and a reduction of TIRAP (-13.7 ± 6.0%), indicating the activation of the endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. Comparable effects were observed in NAc of these animals. Furthermore, 3α,5α-THP enhanced the accumulation of TLR4 (+43.9 ± 11.3%) and TRIF (+64.8 ± 32.8%) in endosomes, with no significant effect on TLR3 accumulation. Additionally, 3α,5α-THP facilitated the transition from early endosomes to late endosomes (increasing Rab7 levels: +35.8 ± 18.4%). In RAW264.7 cells, imiquimod (30 µg/mL) reduced IL-10 while 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM) restored IL-10 levels. To determine the role of the TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway in IL-10 production, the downregulation of TRIF (-62.9 ± 28.2%) in RAW264.7 cells led to a reduction in IL-10 levels (-42.3 ± 8.4%). TRIF (-62.9 ± 28.2%) in RAW264.7 cells led to a reduction in IL-10 levels (-42.3 ± 8.4%) and 3α,5α-THP (1.0 µM) no longer restored the reduced IL-10 levels. Conclusion The results demonstrate 3α,5α-THP enhancement of the endosomal TLR4-TRIF anti-inflammatory signals and elevations of IL-10 in male P rat brain that were not detected in female P rat brain. These effects hold significant implications for controlling inflammatory responses in both the brain and peripheral immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Adelina Grusca
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd K. O’Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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25
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Esposito P, Rodriguez C, Gandelman M, Liang J, Ismail N. CD46 expression in the central nervous system of male and female pubescent mice. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578234. [PMID: 37944208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
CD46 is a complementary regulatory protein ubiquitously expressed in human cells, controlling complement system activation. CD46 has further been identified to have several other functions including regulatory T cell induction and intestinal epithelial (IEC) barrier regulation. Activation of CD46 in the IEC can impact intestinal barrier permeability and immune system functioning. CD46 has only been identified in the spermatozoa and retina of mice. In other murine cells, the homologue CRRY is identified to function as the complementary regulator. Due to the identification of CRRY across other wild-type mouse cells and the development of mouse strains transgenic for human CD46, no recent research has been conducted to determine if CD46 is present in non-transgenic mouse strains. Therefore, the current study investigated if CD46 is expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) and caudate putamen (CP) of pubescent CD1 mice and examined the acute effects of pubertal antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on CD46 expression in the brain. As of 5 weeks of age, mice were administered mixed antimicrobial solution or water with oral gavage twice daily for 7 days. At 6 weeks of age, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS or saline. Mice were euthanized 8 h post-injection and brain samples were collected. Our results indicate that pubescent CD-1 mice express CD46 in the SN and CP. However, LPS-treated mice displayed significantly less CD46 expression in the SN in comparison to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, males displayed more CD46 in the CP compared to females, regardless of LPS and antimicrobial treatments. Our data suggest CD46 is present in CD1 mice and that LPS and antimicrobial treatments impact CD46 protein expression in a sex-dependent manner. These results have important implications for the expression of CD46 in the mouse brain and the understanding of its role in immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cloudia Rodriguez
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michelle Gandelman
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jacky Liang
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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26
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Ferreira FS, Junior OVR, Dos Santos TM, Silveira JS, Deniz BF, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Effect of Quinolinic Acid on Behavior, Morphology, and Expression of Inflammatory/oxidative Status in Rats' Striatum: Is Coenzyme Q 10 a Good Protector? Neurotox Res 2023; 41:559-570. [PMID: 37515718 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a toxic compound with pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic actions found at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS) in several pathological conditions. Due to the toxicity of QUIN, it is important to evaluate strategies to protect against the damage caused by this metabolite in the brain. In this context, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin present in the mitochondria with a protective role in cells through several mechanisms of action. Based on these, the present study was aimed at evaluating the possible neuroprotective role of CoQ10 against damage caused by QUIN in the striatum of young Wistar rats. Twenty-one-day-old rats underwent a 10-day pretreatment with CoQ10 or saline (control) intraperitoneal injections and on the 30th day of life received QUIN intrastriatal or saline (control) administration. The animals were submitted to behavior tests or euthanized, and the striatum was dissected to neurochemical studies. Results showed that CoQ10 was able to prevent behavioral changes (the open field, object recognition, and pole test tasks) and neurochemical parameters (alteration in the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, and GPx, as well as in the immunocontent of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and nuclear p-Nf-κβ) caused by QUIN. These findings demonstrate the promising therapeutic effects of CoQ10 against QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Afsar A, Chen M, Xuan Z, Zhang L. A glance through the effects of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5662-5675. [PMID: 38053545 PMCID: PMC10694609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, an effective treatment for AD has not yet been established. There is remarkable evidence indicating that the innate immune mechanism and adaptive immune response play significant roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies have reported changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in AD patients. This mini-review article discusses the potential contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactivity to amyloid β (Aβ) protein in individuals with AD. Moreover, this mini-review examines the potential associations between T cells, heme oxygenase (HO), and impaired mitochondria in the context of AD. While current mathematical models of AD have not extensively addressed the inclusion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, there exist models that can be extended to consider AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types. Additionally, the mini-review covers recent research that has investigated the utilization of machine learning models, considering the impact of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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28
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Zhang H, Yang S, Zhu W, Niu T, Wang J, Yang M, Liu E, Wang J, Li S, Zhang H. Exosomal miR-let-7c-5p is involved in the cognitive function of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by interleukin 10: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes 2023; 15:978-986. [PMID: 37532673 PMCID: PMC10667643 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-10 plays a notable role in the inflammatory-associated mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to investigate whether IL-10 and its upstream factors exert an impact on MCI in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS A total of 117 T2DM patients were recruited and divided into Control group and MCI group based on the presence or absence of MCI. Clinical parameters were collected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted for global cognitive function. Digit Span Test (DST), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Trail Making Test-B (TMTB) were used to evaluate the executive functions of the diabetic patients. Trail Making Test-A (TMTA) was performed to examine the information processing speed function. Patients' scene memory was examined by Logical Memory Test (LMT). After the baseline data were compared, correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship among IL-10, miR-let-7c-5p and cognitive function. RESULTS Compared to 80 patients in the control group, 37 patients in the MCI group exhibited lower IL-10 in plasma and higher miR-let-7c-5p levels in exosomes from plasma. The IL-10 level was negatively associated with MoCA. Likewise, miR-let-7c-5p levels were negatively correlated with IL-10 levels and MoCA. Elevated miR-let-7c-5p levels and decreased IL-10 levels are risk factors for MCI in T2DM patients. Increased miR-let-7c-5p and downregulated IL-10 may influence VFT and TMTB, respectively, associated with executive function. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that IL-10 is correlated to the executive function of T2DM patients. Decreased IL-10 may result from the regulation of miR-let-7c-5p in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Shufang Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tong Niu
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Medical SchoolDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Medical SchoolDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Enlin Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Medical SchoolNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jumei Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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Richards T, Perron JC, Patel K, Wurpel J, Reznik SE, Schanne F. Therapeutic Intervention of Neuroinflammatory Alzheimer Disease Model by Inhibition of Classical Complement Pathway with the Use of Anti-C1r Loaded Exosomes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3399248. [PMID: 37886595 PMCID: PMC10602145 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3399248/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease associated with memory decline, cognitive impairment, amyloid plaque formation and tau tangles. Neuroinflammation has been shown to be a precursor to apparent amyloid plaque accumulation and subsequent synaptic loss and cognitive decline. In this study, the ability of a novel, small molecule, T-ALZ01, to inhibit neuroinflammatory processes was analyzed. T-ALZ01, an inhibitor of complement component C1r, demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α in vitro. An LPS-induced animal model, whereby animals were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg LPS, was used to analyze the effect of T-ALZ01 on neuroinflammation in vivo. Moreover, exosomes (nanosized, endogenous extracellular vehicles) were used as drug delivery vehicles to facilitate intranasal administration of T-ALZ01 across the blood-brain barrier. T-ALZ01 demonstrated significant reduction in degenerating neurons and the activation of resident microglia and astrocytes, as well as inflammatory markers in vivo. This study demonstrates a significant use of small molecule complement inhibitors via exosome drug delivery as a possible therapeutic in disorders characterized by neuroinflammation, such AD.
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Ronström JW, Williams SB, Payne A, Obray DJ, Hafen C, Burris M, Scott Weber K, Steffensen SC, Yorgason JT. Interleukin-10 enhances activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons resulting in increased dopamine release. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:145-155. [PMID: 37453452 PMCID: PMC10530119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transmission from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates important aspects of motivation and is influenced by the neuroimmune system. The neuroimmune system is a complex network of leukocytes, microglia and astrocytes that detect and remove foreign threats like bacteria or viruses and communicate with each other to regulate non-immune (e.g neuronal) cell activity through cytokine signaling. Inflammation is a key regulator of motivational states, though the effects of specific cytokines on VTA circuitry and motivation are largely unknown. Therefore, electrophysiology, neurochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral studies were performed to determine the effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) on mesolimbic activity, dopamine transmission and conditioned behavior. IL-10 enhanced VTA dopamine firing and NAc dopamine levels via decreased VTA GABA currents in dopamine neurons. The IL-10 receptor was localized on VTA dopamine and non-dopamine cells. The IL-10 effects on dopamine neurons required post-synaptic phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity, and IL-10 appeared to have little-to-no efficacy on presynaptic GABA terminals. Intracranial IL-10 enhanced NAc dopamine levels in vivo and produced conditioned place aversion. Together, these studies identify the IL-10R on VTA dopamine neurons as a potential regulator of motivational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim W Ronström
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Stephanie B Williams
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Andrew Payne
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Daniel J Obray
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Caylor Hafen
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Matthew Burris
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - K Scott Weber
- Brigham Young University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Scott C Steffensen
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Jordan T Yorgason
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Provo, UT 84602, United States; Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, United States.
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Zahoor I, Nematullah M, Ahmed ME, Fatma M, Mir S, Ayasolla K, Cerghet M, Palaniyandi S, Mao-Draayer Y, Rattan R, Giri S. Pro-resolution lipid mediator maresin-1 ameliorates inflammation, promotes neuroprotection, and prevents disease progression in experimental models of multiple sclerosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559216. [PMID: 37808700 PMCID: PMC10557612 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory neurodegenerative disease in young adults, resulting in neurological defects and disability. The endogenous mechanisms to resolve inflammation are intact but become defective in patients, resulting in lack of resolution mediators and unresolved chronic inflammation. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolism being impaired in MS, we hypothesize that supplementing its downstream metabolite maresin 1 (MaR1) will alleviate inflammation and demyelination in preclinical mouse model of MS; experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Restoration of MaR1 by its exogenous administration in EAE mice propagated inflammatory resolution and had a protective effect on neurological deficits, prevented disease progression, and reduced disease severity by reducing immune cell infiltration (CD4+IL17+ and CD4+IFN-γ+) into the CNS. It significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokine IL17 and promoted an anti-inflammatory response via IL10 and IL4. Neutralization of IL10 abolished the protective effect of MaR1 in EAE confirming IL10 is mediating MaR1 effect in EAE. Furthermore, it improved the pathophysiology and exerted neuroprotective effects by mitigating disease signs in EAE as evidenced by lower levels of NFL in the plasma of treated group compared to control and higher MBP expression in the brain from the MaR1 treated mice, decreased inflammatory infiltrates, and less demyelination and vacuolization in the spinal cord tissue sections of treated mice. SCENITH data confirmed that MaR1 maintains myelin by regulating oligodendrocyte metabolism. Also, it induces metabolic reprogramming in infiltrating CD4 cells and macrophages, which modulate their phenotype. Metabolic changes induced macrophages by MaR1 restores the impaired efferocytosis in EAE, promoting clearance of damaged myelin and dead cells; thereby lowering the disability with disease course. Overall, MaR1 supplementation has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in preclinical animal models and induces metabolic reprogramming in disease associated cell-types, promotes efferocytosis, implying that it could be a new therapeutic molecule in MS and other autoimmune diseases. Highlights Inflammation is dysregulated in EAE due to impaired synthesis of DHA derived proresolving lipid mediator MaR1.Administration of the resolution agonist MaR1 propagates resolution processes and improves neurological outcome in RR model of EAE.MaR1 ameliorates clinical signs of EAE by attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine IL17 mediated response and promoting anti-inflammatory response through IL10.MaR1 supplementation improves the pathophysiology in EAE and shows neuroprotection as indicated by the lower levels of NFL in the plasma and higher expression of MBP in the brain of treated mice.MaR1 induces metabolic reprogramming in disease-associated cell types.MaR1 promotes efferocytosis in EAE through metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Significance Inflammatory process is a protective response to several challenges like injury or infection. However, it must resolve over time to maintain tissue homeostasis. Impaired or delayed resolution leads to damaging effects, including chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and disease progression as occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS). We report that inflammation is dysregulated in preclinical animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), partially due to impaired synthesis of proresolving lipid mediators. We show that the administration of the resolution agonist known as maresin 1 (MaR1) in EAE actively propagates resolution processes and improves neurological outcome. We conclude that MaR1 is a potential interventional candidate to attenuate dysregulated inflammation and to restore neurological deficits in EAE. Graphical abstract
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Ramos V, Reis M, Ferreira L, Silva AM, Ferraz R, Vieira M, Vasconcelos V, Martins R. Stalling the Course of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Could Cyanobacteria Constitute a New Approach toward Therapy? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1444. [PMID: 37892126 PMCID: PMC10604708 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive and irreversible neuronal loss, accompanied by a range of pathological pathways, including aberrant protein aggregation, altered energy metabolism, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Some of the most common NDs include Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's Disease (HD). There are currently no available cures; there are only therapeutic approaches that ameliorate the progression of symptoms, which makes the search for new drugs and therapeutic targets a constant battle. Cyanobacteria are ancient prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs whose long evolutionary history has resulted in the production of a plethora of biomedically relevant compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties, that can be valuable in this field. This review summarizes the major NDs and their pathophysiology, with a focus on the anti-neurodegenerative properties of cyanobacterial compounds and their main effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Ramos
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Mariana Reis
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Leonor Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry—Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieira
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO/ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Martins
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.R.); (A.M.S.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.R.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
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Stoyanova K, Stoyanov D, Petrov S, Baldzhieva A, Bozhkova M, Murdzheva M, Kalfova T, Andreeva H, Taskov H, Vassilev P, Todev A. Conversion and Obsessive-Phobic Symptoms Predict IL-33 and IL-28A Levels in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1271. [PMID: 37759873 PMCID: PMC10526257 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first epidemiological wave of the incidence of COVID-19 in Bulgaria was registered in June 2020. After the wave peak, we conducted a study in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52). They were assessed with the anxiety-depressive scale (ADS), including basic (BS), vegetative (VS), conversion (CS), obsessive-phobic (OPS), and depressive (DS) symptoms. ADS assessment of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 indicated a correlation between OPS and IL-33 values. IL-10 levels were higher than reference ranges in all patients. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that combination of CS and OPS explained 28% of IL-33 levels, while combination of symptoms from all ADS dimensions explained 24% of IL-33 levels. It was also found that 21% of IL-28A levels was explained from the combination by all ADS dimensions, whereas OPS was the predictor for lower concentrations. The obtained results revealed meaningful correlations between psycho neuro-immunological factors in pathogenesis of illness from the coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Stoyanova
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Group “Translational and Computational Neuroscience”, SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Group “Translational and Computational Neuroscience”, SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Steliyan Petrov
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “St. George”, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandra Baldzhieva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “St. George”, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Bozhkova
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “St. George”, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Murdzheva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “St. George”, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Kalfova
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “St. George”, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hristina Andreeva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.P.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “St. George”, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Taskov
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Petar Vassilev
- Department of Infectious Disease, Parasitology, and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Angel Todev
- Department of Infectious Disease, Parasitology, and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.V.); (A.T.)
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Sentyabreva AV, Miroshnichenko EA, Melnikova EA, Tsvetkov IS, Kosyreva AM. Morphofunctional Changes in Brain and Peripheral Blood in Adult and Aged Wistar Rats with AlCl 3-Induced Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2336. [PMID: 37760778 PMCID: PMC10526012 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the general lifespan has been prolonged greatly during the past century, and the incidence of age-associated diseases, including neurodegenerative ones, has increased as well. However, modelling of age-related pathologies is mostly conducted on adult rodents. We studied morphofunctional changes in the brain and peripheral blood of adult Wistar rats in comparison with old Wistar rats to determine age-related physiological changes and differences in adaptive reactions to AlCl3 exposure. METHODS the work was performed on adult and old male Wistar rats. The animals consumed a 100 mg/kg solution of AlCl3 each day for 60 days. Morphological changes of neurons and microglia, mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation markers, amyloid-related proteins, and hallmarks of cellular senescence, monocyte, and lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood were examined. RESULTS old rats showed increasing hyperchromic neurons in the hippocampus; activation of microglia; upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular senescence markers; downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines; and Hif-1a and a decrease in B-cells and monocyte in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION compared to young animals, aged rats respond to aluminum exposure with a severe decline of most cells' function and irreversible neuronal loss. Regarding all reported data, neurodegeneration modelling and investigating of factors capable of accelerating or preventing it should be performed in experimental work on aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vladislavovna Sentyabreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Alexandrovna Miroshnichenko
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Andreevna Melnikova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Sergeevich Tsvetkov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mikhailovna Kosyreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Kalashnikova I, Cambell H, Kolpek D, Park J. Optimization and characterization of miRNA-129-5p-encapsulated poly (lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to reprogram activated microglia. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3439-3452. [PMID: 37383067 PMCID: PMC10295030 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have become a therapeutic target of many inflammation-mediated diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been proposed as an important regulator of immune responses. Specifically, miRNA-129-5p has been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of microglia activation. We have demonstrated that biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) modulated innate immune cells and limited neuroinflammation after injury to the CNS. In this study, we optimized and characterized PLGA-based NPs for miRNA-129-5p delivery to utilize their synergistic immunomodulatory features for activated microglia modulation. A series of nanoformulations employing multiple excipients including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), spermidine (Sp), or polyethyleneimine (PEI) for miRNA-129-5p complexation and miRNA-129-5p conjugation to PLGA (PLGA-miR) were utilized. We characterized a total of six nanoformulations through physicochemical, biochemical, and molecular biological methods. In addition, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of multiple nanoformulations. The data indicated that the immunomodulatory effects of nanoformulation, PLGA-miR with the excipient Sp (PLGA-miR+Sp) and PEI (PLGA-miR+PEI) were significant compared to other nanoformulations including naked PLGA-based NP. These nanoformulations promoted a sustained release of miRNA-129-5p and polarization of activated microglia into a more pro-regenerative phenotype. Moreover, they enhanced the expression of multiple regeneration-associated factors, while alleviating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Collectively, the proposed nanoformulations in this study highlight the promising therapeutic tools for synergistic immunomodulatory effects between PLGA-based NPs and miRNA-129-5p to modulate activated microglia which will have numerous applications for inflammation-derived diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kalashnikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
| | - Heather Cambell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
| | - Daniel Kolpek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
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Merchant RA, Chan YH, Anbarasan D, Aprahamian I. Association of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome with Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation in Pre-Frail Older Adults. Brain Sci 2023; 13:936. [PMID: 37371414 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is defined by the presence of slow gait and subjective cognitive decline. It is well recognized as a prodrome for dementia, but the biological mechanism and trajectory for MCR are still lacking. The objective of this study was to explore the association of MCR with body composition, including sarcopenia and systemic inflammation, in pre-frail older adults in a cross-sectional study of 397 pre-frail community-dwelling older adults. Data on demographics, physical function, frailty, cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)), perceived health and depression were collected. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers, such as progranulin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the association between MCR, body composition, sarcopenia and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. The prevalence of MCR was 14.9%. They were significantly older and there were more females, depression, functional impairment, lower education, physical activity and MoCA scores. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index, fat to fat free mass ratio (FM/FFM) and sarcopenia prevalence were significantly higher in MCR. Serum GDF-15 and TNF-α levels were highest with progranulin/TNF-α and IL-10/TNF-α ratio lowest in MCR. Compared to healthy patients, MCR was significantly associated with sarcopenia (aOR 2.62; 95% CI 1.46-3.17), BF% (aOR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.12), FMI (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.02-1.30) and FM/FFM (aOR 6.38; 95% CI 1.20-33.98). The association of IL-10 to TNF-α ratio (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) and IL-10 (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.98) with MCR were independent of sarcopenia and BF%. Longitudinal population studies are needed to understand the role of body fat indices and IL-10 in pre-frail older adults with MCR and trajectory to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Aziz Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Denishkrshna Anbarasan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai 13202-550, SP, Brazil
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Carlini V, Noonan DM, Abdalalem E, Goletti D, Sansone C, Calabrone L, Albini A. The multifaceted nature of IL-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161067. [PMID: 37359549 PMCID: PMC10287165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a fundamental role in modulating inflammation and in maintaining cell homeostasis. It primarily acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, protecting the body from an uncontrolled immune response, mostly through the Jak1/Tyk2 and STAT3 signaling pathway. On the other hand, IL-10 can also have immunostimulating functions under certain conditions. Given the pivotal role of IL-10 in immune modulation, this cytokine could have relevant implications in pathologies characterized by hyperinflammatory state, such as cancer, or infectious diseases as in the case of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 syndrome. Recent evidence proposed IL-10 as a predictor of severity and mortality for patients with acute or post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, IL-10 can act as an endogenous danger signal, released by tissues undergoing damage in an attempt to protect the organism from harmful hyperinflammation. Pharmacological strategies aimed to potentiate or restore IL-10 immunomodulatory action may represent novel promising avenues to counteract cytokine storm arising from hyperinflammation and effectively mitigate severe complications. Natural bioactive compounds, derived from terrestrial or marine photosynthetic organisms and able to increase IL-10 expression, could represent a useful prevention strategy to curb inflammation through IL-10 elevation and will be discussed here. However, the multifaceted nature of IL-10 has to be taken into account in the attempts to modulate its levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carlini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eslam Abdalalem
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) European Institute of Oncology IEO-, Milan, Italy
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Ispoglou T, Ferentinos P, Prokopidis K, Blake C, Aldrich L, Elia A, Lees M, Hind K. Exploring the impact of exercise and essential amino acid plus cholecalciferol supplementation on physical fitness and body composition in multiple sclerosis: A case study. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7548. [PMID: 37323260 PMCID: PMC10264925 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message In MS patients, especially those frail or malnourished, combining home-based exercise twice weekly with essential amino acids and vitamin D may improve body composition, strength, and physical performance, enabling long-term functional improvements. Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with reduced bone and muscle strength and function. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 24-week intervention in a 57-year-old frail female with MS. The participant completed a 2×/week exercise intervention and ingested 2×/day a supplement containing 7.5 g essential amino acids and 500 IU cholecalciferol. Body composition, 6-m gait speed (GS), handgrip strength (HGS), 30-sec arm-curl test (30ACT), 6-min walking test (6MWT), 30-sec chair-stand test (30CST), and plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and amino acids were assessed at baseline, and at Weeks 12 and 24. Plasma 25(OH)D3 increased from 23.2 to 41.3 ng/mL and IGF-1 from 131.6 to 140.7 ng/mL from baseline to post-intervention. BMI, total lean tissue mass (LTM), fat mass, bone mineral content, and the sum of 17 amino acids increased by 3.8, 1.0, 3.5, 0.2, and 19%, respectively, at Week 24. There were clinically significant increases in regional LTM (6.9% arms and 6.3% legs) and large increases in GS (67.3%), dominant HGS (31.5%), non-dominant HGS (11.8%), dominant 30ACT (100%), non-dominant 30ACT (116.7%), 6MWT (125.6%), and 30CST (44.4%). The current intervention was effective in improving components of physical fitness and body composition in a female with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cameron Blake
- Carnegie School of SportLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - Luke Aldrich
- Carnegie School of SportLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - Antonis Elia
- Division of Environmental PhysiologyRoyal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Matthew Lees
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical EducationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Karen Hind
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Well‐beingDurhamUK
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Cyr B, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Sex Differences in the Inflammatory Profile in the Brain of Young and Aged Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1372. [PMID: 37408205 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide with no cures identified. Thus, there is a critical need for preventative measures and treatments as the number of patients is expected to increase. Many neurodegenerative diseases have sex-biased prevalence, indicating a need to examine sex differences when investigating prevention and treatment strategies. Inflammation is a key contributor to many neurodegenerative diseases and is a promising target for prevention since inflammation increases with age, which is known as inflammaging. Here, we analyzed the protein expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammasome signaling proteins in the cortex of young and aged male and female mice. Our results show an increase in caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and ASC specks in females compared to males. Additionally, there was an increase in IL-1α, VEGF-A, CCL3, CXCL1, CCL4, CCL17, and CCL22 in aging females and an increase in IL-8, IL-17a, IL-7, LT-α, and CCL22 in aging males. IL-12/IL-23p40, CCL13, and IL-10 were increased in females compared to males but not with age. These results indicate that there are sex differences in cortical inflammaging and provide potential targets to attenuate inflammation to prevent the development of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Zambrowicz A, Zabłocka A, Bednarz D, Bobak Ł. Importance for humans of recently discovered protein compounds - yolkin and yolk glycopeptide 40, present in the plasma of hen egg yolk. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102770. [PMID: 37244087 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vt) is considered the primary protein precursor of egg yolk, serving as a source of protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for the developing embryo. However, recent research has revealed that the functions of Vt and Vt-derived polypeptides, such as yolkin (Y) and yolk glycopeptide 40 (YGP40), extend beyond their nutritional roles as a source of amino acids. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that both Y and YGP40 possess immunomodulatory properties and can contribute to host immune defenses. Additionally, Y polypeptides have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity, participating in the modulation of neurons' survival and activity, inhibiting neurodegeneration processes, and improving cognitive functions in rats. These non-nutritional functions not only enhance our understanding of the physiological roles of these molecules during embryonic development but also offer a promising basis for the potential application of these proteins in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zambrowicz
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Bednarz
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland
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Khan AW, Farooq M, Hwang MJ, Haseeb M, Choi S. Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Diseases: Role of Interleukins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097960. [PMID: 37175665 PMCID: PMC10178921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases are a group of disorders resulting from abnormal immune responses in the nervous system, causing inflammation and tissue damage. The interleukin (IL) family of cytokines, especially IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL-1 is involved in the activation of immune cells, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promotion of blood-brain barrier breakdown. IL-6 is essential for the differentiation of T cells into Th17 cells and has been implicated in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation. IL-17 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by Th17 cells that plays a crucial role in recruiting immune cells to sites of inflammation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of different interleukins in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, neuromyelitis optica, and autoimmune encephalitis, and discusses the potential of targeting ILs as a therapeutic strategy against these diseases. We also highlight the need for further research to better understand the roles of ILs in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases and to identify new targets for treating these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariya Farooq
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jung Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Haseeb
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
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La Torre ME, Cianciulli A, Monda V, Monda M, Filannino FM, Antonucci L, Valenzano A, Cibelli G, Porro C, Messina G, Panaro MA, Messina A, Polito R. α-Tocopherol Protects Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083340. [PMID: 37110573 PMCID: PMC10141518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophage-like population in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders by triggering an inflammatory response that leads to neuronal death. Neuroprotective compounds to treat or prevent neurodegenerative diseases are a new field of study in modern medicine. Microglia are activated in response to inflammatory stimuli. The pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the constant activation of microglia due to their fundamental role as a mediator of inflammation in the brain environment. α-Tocopherol, also known as vitamin E, is reported to possess potent neuroprotective effects. The goal of this study was to investigate the biological effects of vitamin E on BV2 microglial cells, as a possible neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent, following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that the pre-incubation of microglia with α-tocopherol can guarantee neuroprotective effects during microglial activation induced by LPS. α-Tocopherol preserved the branched morphology typical of microglia in a physiological state. It also reduced the migratory capacity; the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-10; and the activation of receptors such as TRL4 and CD40, which modulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The results of this study require further insights and research, but they present new scenarios for the application of vitamin E as an antioxidant for the purpose of greater neuroprotection in vivo for the prevention of possible neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ester La Torre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Antonucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Contaldi E, Magistrelli L, Comi C. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Immune dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:67-93. [PMID: 36803824 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the contraposition between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes has been increasingly challenged. Inflammation has been emphasized as a key player in the onset and progression of Parkinson disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The strongest indicators of the involvement of the immune system derived from evidence of microglial activation, profound imbalance in phenotype and composition of peripheral immune cells, and impaired humoral immune responses. Moreover, peripheral inflammatory mechanisms (e.g., involving the gut-brain axis) and immunogenetic factors are likely to be implicated. Even though several lines of preclinical and clinical studies are supporting and defining the complex relationship between the immune system and PD, the exact mechanisms are currently unknown. Similarly, the temporal and causal connections between innate and adaptive immune responses and neurodegeneration are unsettled, challenging our ambition to define an integrated and holistic model of the disease. Despite these difficulties, current evidence is providing the unique opportunity to develop immune-targeted approaches for PD, thus enriching our therapeutic armamentarium. This chapter aims to provide an extensive overview of past and present studies that explored the implication of the immune system in neurodegeneration, thus paving the road for the concept of disease modification in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Contaldi
- Movement Disorders Centre, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Movement Disorders Centre, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, S.Andrea Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.
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Nass SR, Hahn YK, Ohene-Nyako M, McLane VD, Damaj MI, Thacker LR, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Depressive-like Behavior Is Accompanied by Prefrontal Cortical Innate Immune Fatigue and Dendritic Spine Losses after HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Exposure. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030590. [PMID: 36992299 PMCID: PMC10052300 DOI: 10.3390/v15030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV are comorbid epidemics that can increase depression. HIV and the viral protein Tat can directly induce neuronal injury within reward and emotionality brain circuitry, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Such damage involves both excitotoxic mechanisms and more indirect pathways through neuroinflammation, both of which can be worsened by opioid co-exposure. To assess whether excitotoxicity and/or neuroinflammation might drive depressive behaviors in persons infected with HIV (PWH) and those who use opioids, male mice were exposed to HIV-1 Tat for eight weeks, given escalating doses of morphine during the last two weeks, and assessed for depressive-like behavior. Tat expression decreased sucrose consumption and adaptability, whereas morphine administration increased chow consumption and exacerbated Tat-induced decreases in nesting and burrowing—activities associated with well-being. Across all treatment groups, depressive-like behavior correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in the PFC. Nevertheless, supporting the theory that innate immune responses adapt to chronic Tat exposure, most proinflammatory cytokines were unaffected by Tat or morphine. Further, Tat increased PFC levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which were exacerbated by morphine administration. Tat, but not morphine, decreased dendritic spine density on layer V pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate. Together, our findings suggest that HIV-1 Tat and morphine differentially induce depressive-like behaviors associated with increased neuroinflammation, synaptic losses, and immune fatigue within the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Virginia D. McLane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Leroy R. Thacker
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-628-7579; Fax: +1-804-828-0676
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Kumar S, Mehan S, Narula AS. Therapeutic modulation of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ signaling in neurological dysfunctions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:9-49. [PMID: 36478124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cascade is a pleiotropic pathway that involves receptor subunit multimerization. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that perceives and integrates a variety of intracellular and environmental stimuli to regulate essential activities such as cell development and metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor involved in neural differentiation and axon polarity. The JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling pathways serve as a highly conserved signaling hub that coordinates neuronal activity and brain development. Additionally, overactivation of JAK/STAT, mTOR, and inhibition of PPARγ signaling have been linked to various neurocomplications, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Emerging research suggests that even minor disruptions in these cellular and molecular processes can have significant consequences manifested as neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Of interest, target modulators have been proven to alleviate neuronal complications associated with acute and chronic neurological deficits. This research-based review explores the therapeutic role of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling modulators in preventing neuronal dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India.
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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Abrishamdar M, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Rashno M, Badavi M. Evaluation of betulinic acid effects on pain, memory, anxiety, catalepsy, and oxidative stress in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:467-482. [PMID: 35708868 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known for motor impairments. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound with antioxidant activity. The present study addresses the question of whether BA affects motor and non-motor dysfunctions and molecular changes in the rat model of PD. The right medial forebrain bundle was lesioned by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old, 270-320 g). Animals were divided into Sham, PD, 3 treated groups with BA (0.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP), and a positive control group received L-dopa (20 mg/kg, P.O) for 7 days. rigidity, anxiety, analgesia, and memory were assessed by bar test, open-field, elevated plus-maze (EPM), tail-flick, and shuttle box. Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) levels in the whole brain were measured. BA significantly reversed the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor and memory complication in the bar test and shuttle box. It modified anxiety-like behavior neither in open-field nor in EPM. It only decreased the time spent in open arms. Moreover, no significant changes were found in the tail-flick between treatment and sham groups. On the other hand, the level of MDA & IL10 were decreased, while the activity of GPx levels of SOD & BDNF in the rats' brains was increased. Our results showed that BA as a free radical scavenger can account for a possible promise as a good therapeutic agent for motor and non-motor complications in PD however further studies may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abrishamdar
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - A Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Rashno
- Department of Immunulogy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Badavi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Progress in Molecular Signaling and Therapeutics. Inflammation 2023; 46:1-17. [PMID: 35986874 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease with amyloid beta accumulation as a major hallmark, has become a dire global health concern as there is a lack of clear understanding of the causative agent. It is a major cause of dementia which is increasing exponentially with age. Alzheimer's disease is marked by tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid beta accumulation that robs people of their memories. Amyloid beta deposition initiated a spectrum of microglia-activated neuroinflammation, and microglia and astrocyte activation elicited expressions of various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Neuroinflammation is one of the cardinal features of Alzheimer's disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling plays multifarious roles in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Induction of proinflammatory signaling leads to discharge of immune mediators which affect functions of neurons and cause cell death. Sluggish anti-inflammatory system also contributes to neuroinflammation. Numerous pathways like NFκB, p38 MAPK, Akt/mTOR, caspase, nitric oxide, and COX are involved in triggering brain immune cells like astrocytes and microglia to secrete inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and chemokines and participate in Alzheimer's disease pathology. PPAR-γ agonists tend to boost the phagocytosis of amyloid beta and decrease the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Recent findings suggest the cross-link between gut microbiota and neuroinflammation contributing in AD which has been explained in this study. The role of cellular, molecular pathways and involvement of inflammatory mediators in neuroinflammation has also been described; targeting them could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of AD.
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Anwar MM, Fathi MH. Early approaches of YKL-40 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:85-99. [PMID: 36644988 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether the estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain YKL-40 levels may be used as an efficient biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was injected into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Rats were divided into: control group, early LPS-induced PD group (14 days), and advanced LPS-induced PD group (28 days). YKL-40 and other related factors were detected in CSF and brain tissue. Results: Increased expression of YKL-40 was observed in brain tissue and CSF of PD-induced rats associated with triggered inflammatory cytokine release. Conclusion: The current study was limited to detecting YKL-40 and other inflammatory factors in brain and CSF. YKL-40 may be considered as an early biomarker and therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Fathi
- Department of Nucleic Acid & Protein structure, Center of Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Cairo, Egypt
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Matsuzaki S, Pouly JL, Canis M. IL-10 is not anti-fibrotic but pro-fibrotic in endometriosis: IL-10 treatment of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro promotes myofibroblast proliferation and collagen type I protein expression. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:14-29. [PMID: 36413036 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti-fibrotic in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER IL-10 is not anti-fibrotic but pro-fibrotic in endometriosis, because IL-10 treatment of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro promotes myofibroblast proliferation and collagen type I protein expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY We previously showed that persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via IL-6 trans-signaling promotes fibrosis of endometriosis. Studies showed marked anti-fibrotic effects of IL-10 via the STAT3 signaling pathway, which is generally considered to be anti-inflammatory, in various organs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial and/or endometriotic samples of 54 patients who had histological evidence of deep endometriosis, and endometrial samples from 30 healthy fertile women were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects of IL-10/STAT3 signaling as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation by knockdown of STAT3 gene on the pro-fibrotic phenotype in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells in vitro were investigated. Then, the effects of various time points of IL-10 treatment in combination with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and/or IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) on the profibrotic phenotype of endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells were investigated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IL-10 induced pro-fibrotic phenotype (cell proliferation, collagen type I synthesis, α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers and collagen gel contraction) of endometriotic stromal cells. Knockdown of STAT3 gene decreased the IL-10 induced pro-fibrotic phenotype of endometriotic stromal cells. In contrast, IL-10 had no significant effects on pro-fibrotic phenotype of endometrial stromal cells of healthy women. Sequential IL-10 treatment with or without TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R induced persistent activation of STAT3 and significantly increased proliferation of myofibroblasts (cells with α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers) and protein expression of collagen type I in endometriotic stromal cells. TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL6RIL-6/sIL6R treatment significantly increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) protein expression, whereas IL-10 had no significant effects. Knockdown of STAT3 gene significantly decreased the TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL6R induced TIMP1 protein expression. In contrast, pre-treatment with IL-10 before TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R treatment and sequential IL-10 treatment with or without TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R significantly decreased proliferation of fibroblasts (cells without α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers) and collagen type I protein expression in endometrial stromal cells of healthy women. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the large number of complex interactions and signaling pathways of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, the present study investigated only a very small portion of the whole. Further in vivo studies are required to validate the present findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of endometriosis have been extensively investigated as potential therapeutic targets. However, the present study showed that anti-inflammatory signals of IL-10 and IL-6 through persistent STAT3 activation may promote endometriosis fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies, such as suppression of 'inflammation', might dysregulate the cross-regulation of 'pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators', leading to detrimental effects in patients with endometriosis, such as fibrosis. To develop new, but not deleterious, therapeutic strategies, studies are required to investigate whether, how and what 'anti-inflammatory mediators' along with pro-inflammatory mediators are involved in individual patients with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported in part by KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG (Tuttlingen, Germany). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Matsuzaki
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pouly
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Canis
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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MORIKAWA TETSURO, UEHARA OSAMU, PAUDEL DURGA, YOSHIDA KOKI, HARADA FUMIYA, HIRAKI DAICHI, SATO JUN, MATSUOKA HIROFUMI, KURAMITSU YASUHIRO, MICHIKAWA MAKOTO, ABIKO YOSHIHIRO. Systemic Administration of Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis Decreases Neprilysin Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus. In Vivo 2023; 37:163-172. [PMID: 36593043 PMCID: PMC9843806 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder in elderly individuals worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that periodontal diseases are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and an association between periodontitis and amyloid-β deposition in elderly individuals has been demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of systemic administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) on neprilysin expression in the hippocampus of adult and senescence-accelerated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS PG-LPS diluted in saline was intraperitoneally administered to male C57BL/6J and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 3 days for 3 months. Both C57BL/6J and SAMP8 mice administered saline without PG-LPS comprised the control group. The mRNA expression levels of neprilysin and interleukin (IL)-10 were evaluated using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of neprilysin were assessed using western blotting. Sections of the brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained. RESULTS The serum IL-10 concentration significantly increased in both mouse strains after stimulation with PG-LPS. Neprilysin expression at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly lower in the SAMP8 PG-LPS group than those in the SAMP8 control group; however, they did not differ in PG-LPS-treated or non-treated C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, the immunofluorescence intensity of neprilysin in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in PG-LPS-treated SAMP8 mice was significantly lower than that in control SAMP8 mice. CONCLUSION Porphyromonas gingivalis may reduce the expression of neprilysin in elderly individuals and thus increase amyloid-β deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- TETSURO MORIKAWA
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - OSAMU UEHARA
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - DURGA PAUDEL
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - KOKI YOSHIDA
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - FUMIYA HARADA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - DAICHI HIRAKI
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - JUN SATO
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - HIROFUMI MATSUOKA
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - YASUHIRO KURAMITSU
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - MAKOTO MICHIKAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - YOSHIHIRO ABIKO
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
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