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Huang PC, Yang TJ, Lin CJ, Wang MY, Lin WC. Unraveling the Heat- and UV-Induced Degradation of Mixed Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Surface Analysis Techniques. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11873-11887. [PMID: 38780396 PMCID: PMC11171447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have become one of the most promising materials in the new generation of solar cells. These perovskites can provide excellent photoelectric properties after a simple fabrication process. Although perovskite solar cells have achieved high power conversion efficiency, instability concerns regarding material exposure to heat, moisture, air, and UV light present hindrances to commercialization. In this study, three kinds of perovskites (MAPbI3, MAPbI3-xBrx, and MAPbI3-xClx) were used to investigate the crystal stability upon exposure to heat and UV light. SEM, XRD, and FTIR were used to observe the surface morphology, crystal structure, and functional groups of the perovskite thin films. XPS was used to examine the surface composition and chemical state of the perovskite thin films under different conditions. Among these three types of perovskites, it was found that the MAPbI3-xBrx crystal demonstrated the best stability. ToF-SIMS was used to confirm the molecular distribution of the MAPbI3-xBrx films upon exposure to heat and UV light at different depths. ToF-SIMS revealed that [Pb]+ and [PbI]+ aggregated at the interface between the perovskite and ITO substrate after 14 days of thermal treatment. On the other hand, [Pb]+ and [PbI]+ were distributed uniformly after 3 days of UV exposure. This study systematically analyzed and revealed the thermal- and UV-induced degradation process of three perovskite films by using surface analysis techniques. It was concluded that bromine-doped perovskite films had better stability, and UV light caused more severe damage than heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ting-Jia Yang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Jou Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Man-Ying Wang
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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2
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AL-Shujaa S, Zhao P, He D, Al-Anesi B, Feng Y, Xia J, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells by Refining the Perovskite-Electron Transport Layer Interface and Shielding the Absorber from UV Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28493-28504. [PMID: 38798187 PMCID: PMC11163405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by optimizing the interface between the perovskite and electron transport layers (ETLs). Additionally, we plan to protect the absorber layer from ultraviolet (UV) degradation using a ternary oxide system comprising SnO2, strontium stannate (SrSnO3), and strontium oxide (SrO). In this structure, the SnO2 layer functions as an electron transport layer, SrSnO3 acts as a layer for UV filtration, and SrO is employed to passivate the interface. SrSnO3 is characterized by its chemical stability, electrical conductivity, extensive wide band gap energy, and efficient absorption of UV radiation, all of which significantly enhance the photostability of PSCs against UV radiation. Furthermore, incorporating SrSnO3 into the ETL improves its electronic properties, potentially raising the energy level and improving alignment, thereby enhancing the electron transfer from the perovskite layer to the external circuit. Integrating SrO at the interface between the ETL and perovskite layer reduces interface defects, thereby reducing charge recombination and improving electron transfer. This improvement results in higher solar cell efficiency, reduced hysteresis, and extended device longevity. The benefits of this method are evident in the observed improvements: a noticeable increase in open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 1.12 to 1.16 V, an enhancement in the fill factor from 79.4 to 82.66%, a rise in the short-circuit current density (Jsc) from 24.5 to 24.9 mA/cm2 and notably, a marked improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs, from 21.79 to 24.06%. Notably, the treated PSCs showed only a slight decline in PCE, reducing from 24.15 to 22.50% over nearly 2000 h. In contrast, untreated SnO2 perovskite devices experienced a greater decline, with efficiency decreasing from 21.79 to 17.83% in just 580 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah AL-Shujaa
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dingqian He
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Basheer Al-Anesi
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianxing Xia
- Institute
of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Institute
of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192 Tianjin, China
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3
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Asgarimoghaddam H, Chen Q, Ye F, Shahin A, Song B, Musselman KP. Zinc Aluminum Oxide Encapsulation Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells Deposited Using Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300995. [PMID: 37997175 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An atmospheric-pressure spatial atomic layer deposition system is used to rapidly deposit 60 nm zinc-aluminum oxide (Zn-AlOx ) thin-film-encapsulation layers directly on perovskite solar cells at 130 °C without damaging the temperature-sensitive perovskite and organic materials. Varying the Zn/Al ratio has a significant impact on the structural properties of the films and their moisture barrier performance. The Zn-AlOx films have higher refractive indexes, lower concentrations of OH─ groups, and lower water-vapor transmission rates (WVTR) than AlOx films without zinc. However, as the Zn/Al ratio increases beyond 0.21, excess Zn atoms segregate, leading to an increase in the number of available hydroxyl groups on the surface of the deposited film and a slight increase in the WVTR. The stability of the p-i-n formamidinium methylammonium lead iodide solar cells under standard ISOS-D-3 testing conditions (65 °C and 85% relative humidity) is significantly enhanced by the thin encapsulation layers. The layers with a Zn/Al ratio of 0.21 result in a seven-fold increase the time required for the cells to degrade to 80% of their original efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatameh Asgarimoghaddam
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qiaoyun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bo Song
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Müller D, Jiang E, Campos Guzmán L, Rivas Lázaro P, Baretzky C, Bogati S, Zimmermann B, Würfel U. Ultra-Stable ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells and Modules Processed from Non-Halogenated Solvents under Indoor Illumination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305437. [PMID: 37863807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) is a very promising technology to harvest artificial illumination and power smart devices of the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficiencies as high as 30.2% have been reported for OPVs under warm white light-emitting diode (LED) light. This is due to the narrow spectrum of indoor light, which leads to an optimal bandgap of ≈1.9 eV. Under full sunlight, OPV devices often suffer from poor stability compared to the established inorganic PV technologies such as crystalline silicon. This study focuses on a potentially very cost-effective Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) free cell stack with absorber materials processed from non-halogenated solvents. These organic solar cells and modules with efficiencies up to 21% can already achieve remarkable stabilities under typical indoor illumination. Aging under 50,000 lux LED lighting leads to very little degradation after more than 11 000 h. This light dose corresponds to more than 110 years under 500 lux. For modules encapsulated with a flexible barrier, extrapolated lifetimes of more than 41 years are achieved. This shows that OPV is mature for the specific application under indoor illumination. Due to the large number of potential organic semiconducting materials, further efficiency increase can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ershuai Jiang
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Campos Guzmán
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paula Rivas Lázaro
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Baretzky
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shankar Bogati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birger Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Lee S, Park J, Ma H, Kim W, Song YK, Lee DW, Noh SM, Yoon SJ, Yang C. Multifunctional Acrylic Polymers with Enhanced Adhesive Property Serving as Excellent Edge Encapsulant for Stable Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5138-5148. [PMID: 38258415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Pendant groups in acrylic adhesive polymers (Ads) have a profound influence on adhesive and cohesive properties and additionally on encapsulant application. However, a systematic investigation to assess the impact of the pendant groups' length and bulkiness is rare, and there is not even a single report on applying Ads as interfacial adhesion promotors and encapsulation materials simultaneously. Herein, we have developed a series of multifunctional methacrylic polymers, namely, R-co-Ads, with varying pendant length and bulkiness (R = methyl (C1), ethyl (C2), propyl (C3), butyl (C4), pentyl (C5), hexyl (C6), isobutyl (iC4), and 2-ethylhexyl (2EH)). The adhesion-related experimental results reveal that R-co-Ads have high transparency, strong adhesion strength to the various contact surfaces, and a fast cure speed. In particular, C1-co-Ad shows a superior adhesion performance with an improved cross-cut index of 4B and a shear bonding strength of 1.56 MPa. We also have adopted C1-co-Ad for encapsulation of various emerging optoelectronic applications (e.g., perovskite solar cell-, charge transport-, and conductivity-related characteristics), demonstrating its excellent edge encapsulant served to improve the device stability against ambient air conditions. Our study establishes the structure-adhesion-surface relationships, advancing the better design of adhesives and encapsulants for various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Ma
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
| | - Young Kyu Song
- NOROO Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd, Jangangongdan-7-gil, Jangan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18579, South Korea
| | - Dong Woog Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Yoon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, Ulju-gun 44919, South Korea
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6
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Li W, Cao W, Zhou H, Zhang X, Wang K. An amorphous MgF 2 anti-reflective thin film for enhanced performance of inverted organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2757-2762. [PMID: 38229712 PMCID: PMC10790682 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08456f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The effective control of light plays an important role in optoelectronic devices. However, the effect of anti-reflection thin film (ARTF) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (p-i-n) has so far remained elusive. Herein, MgF2 ARTF with different thicknesses (approximately 100, 330, and 560 nm) were deposited on the glass side of FTO conductive glass substrates by vacuum thermal evaporation. The results of reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy show that approximately 330 nm MgF2 ARTF can reduce reflectivity and increase transmittance on FTO conductive glass substrates. The results of SEM, XRD, and AFM show that the surface of amorphous MgF2 ARTF possesses a lot of nanoscale pits. The effect of the MgF2 ARTF on the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (p-i-n) was investigated. The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of inverted PSCs without and with MgF2 ARTF are 18.20 and 21.28%, respectively. The significant improvement in PCE of the devices with MgF2 ARTF is caused by the improvement in short-circuit current density. The stability results of the devices show that the PCE remains above 70% of the initial PCE after 300 h illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage, Liaocheng University China
| | - Wenhuan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage, Liaocheng University China
| | - Huawei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage, Liaocheng University China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage, Liaocheng University China
| | - Kai Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 Liaoning China
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7
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Li J, Xing Z, Li D, Wang Y, Hu X, Hu T, Chen Y. Suppressed Ion Migration in FA-Rich Perovskite Photovoltaics through Enhanced Nucleation of Encapsulation Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305732. [PMID: 37712165 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
With excellent homogeneity, compactness and controllable thickness, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, residual organic sources and undesired reactions pose serious challenges to device performance as well as stability. Here, ester groups of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) are introduced as a reaction medium to promote the nucleation and complete conversion of tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) (TDMA-Sn). Through simulations and experiments, it is verified that ester groups as Lewis bases can coordinate with TDMA-Sn to facilitate homogeneous deposition of ALD-SnOx , which acts as self-encapsulated interface with blocking properties against external moisture as well as internal ion migration. Meanwhile, a comprehensive evaluation of the self-encapsulated interface reveals that the energy level alignment is optimized to improve the carrier transport. Finally, the self-encapsulated device obtains a champion photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.06% and retains 85% of the initial PCE after being stored at 85 °C with relative humidity of 85% for more than 800 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Li
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Dengxue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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8
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Armstrong PJ, Chapagain S, Panta R, Grapperhaus C, Druffel T. Synthesizing and formulating metal oxide nanoparticle inks for perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12248-12261. [PMID: 37751155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cell has commercial potential due to the low-cost of materials and manufacturing processes with cell efficiencies on par with traditional technologies. Nanomaterials have many properties that make them attractive for the perovskite devices, including low-cost inks, low temperature processing, stable material properties and good charge transport. In this feature article, the use of nanomaterials in the hole transport and electron transport layers are reviewed. Specifically, SnO2 and NiOx are the leading materials with the most promise for translation to large scale applications. The review includes a discussion of the synthesis, formulation, and processing of these nanoparticles and provides insights for their further deployment towards commercially viable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Sashil Chapagain
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Rojita Panta
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Craig Grapperhaus
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Thad Druffel
- University of Louisville, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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9
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Cao M, Ji W, Chao C, Li J, Dai F, Fan X. Recent Advances in UV-Cured Encapsulation for Stable and Durable Perovskite Solar Cell Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3911. [PMID: 37835960 PMCID: PMC10575197 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability and durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are two main challenges retarding their industrial commercialization. The encapsulation of PSCs is a critical process that improves the stability of PSC devices for practical applications, and intrinsic stability improvement relies on materials optimization. Among all encapsulation materials, UV-curable resins are promising materials for PSC encapsulation due to their short curing time, low shrinkage, and good adhesion to various substrates. In this review, the requirements for PSC encapsulation materials and the advantages of UV-curable resins are firstly critically assessed based on a discussion of the PSC degradation mechanism. Recent advances in improving the encapsulation performance are reviewed from the perspectives of molecular modification, encapsulation materials, and corresponding architecture design while highlighting excellent representative works. Finally, the concluding remarks summarize promising research directions and remaining challenges for the use of UV-curable resins in encapsulation. Potential solutions to current challenges are proposed to inspire future work devoted to transitioning PSCs from the lab to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Cao
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (M.C.); (W.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenxi Ji
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (M.C.); (W.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Cong Chao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emission Surveillance and Control for Thermal Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Ji Li
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (M.C.); (W.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Fei Dai
- Laboratory of Distributed Energy System and Renewable Energy, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianfeng Fan
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
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10
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Guo Y, Huang L, Wang C, Liu S, Huang J, Liu X, Zhang J, Hu Z, Zhu Y. Advances on the Application of Wide Band-Gap Insulating Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300377. [PMID: 37254269 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is advancing rapidly with their recorded photoelectric conversion efficiency reaching 25.8%. However, for the commercialization of PSCs, it is also necessary to solve their stability issue. In order to improve the device performance, various additives and interface modification strategies have been proposed. While, in many cases, they can guarantee a significant increase in efficiency, but not ensure improved stability. Therefore, materials that improve the device efficiency and stability simultaneously are urgently needed. Some wide band-gap insulating materials with stable physical and chemical properties are promising alternative materials. In this review, the application of wide band-gap insulating materials in PSCs, including their preparation methods, working roles, and mechanisms are described, which will promote the commercial application of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Like Huang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chaofeng Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ziyang Hu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuejin Zhu
- School of Information Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315300, China
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11
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Jung HY, Oh ES, Kim DJ, Shim H, Lee W, Yoon SG, Lim J, Yun JS, Kim TS, Yang TY. Adjusted Bulk and Interfacial Properties in Highly Stable Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by Thermocompression Bonding between Perovskite Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:31344-31353. [PMID: 37340850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to shield perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from extrinsic degradation factors and ensure long-term stability, effective encapsulation technology is indispensable. Here, a facile process is developed to create a glass-glass encapsulated semitransparent PSC using thermocompression bonding. From quantifying the interfacial adhesion energy and considering the power conversion efficiency of devices, it is confirmed that bonding between perovskite layers formed on a hole transport layer (HTL)/indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass and an electron transport layer (ETL)/ITO glass can offer an excellent lamination method. The PSCs fabricated through this process have only buried interfaces between the perovskite layer and both charge transport layers as the perovskite surface is transformed into bulk. The thermocompression process leads the perovskite to have larger grains and smoother, denser interfaces, thereby not only reducing defect and trap density but also suppressing ion migration and phase segregation under illumination. In addition, the laminated perovskite demonstrates enhanced stability against water. The self-encapsulated semitransparent PSCs with a wide-band-gap perovskite (Eg ∼ 1.67 eV) demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 17.24% and maintain long-term stability with PCE > ∼90% in the 85 °C shelf test for over 3000 h and with PCE > ∼95% under AM 1.5 G, 1-sun illumination in an ambient atmosphere for over 600 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjae Shim
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wonjong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Gil Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Yun
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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12
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Solak EK, Irmak E. Advances in organic photovoltaic cells: a comprehensive review of materials, technologies, and performance. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12244-12269. [PMID: 37091609 PMCID: PMC10114284 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, including their materials, technologies, and performance. In this context, the historical evolution of PV cell technology is explored, and the classification of PV production technologies is presented, along with a comparative analysis of first, second, and third-generation solar cells. A classification and comparison of PV cells based on materials used is also provided. The working principles and device structures of OPV cells are examined, and a brief comparison between device structures is made, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and key features. The various parts of OPV cells are discussed, and their performance, efficiency, and electrical characteristics are reviewed. A detailed SWOT analysis is conducted, identifying promising strengths and opportunities, as well as challenges and threats to the technology. The paper indicates that OPV cells have the potential to revolutionize the solar energy industry due to their low production costs, and ability to produce thin, flexible solar cells. However, challenges such as lower efficiency, durability, and technological limitations still exist. Despite these challenges, the tunability and versatility of organic materials offer promise for future success. The paper concludes by suggesting that future research should focus on addressing the identified challenges and developing new materials and technologies that can further improve the performance and efficiency of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Kondolot Solak
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Erdal Irmak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
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13
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Qin J, Wu N, Chen W, Liu B, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yin N, Chen Q, Zhang ZB, Ma CQ. In Situ Solution-Processed Submicron Thick SiO x C y /a-SiN x (O):H Composite Barrier Film for Polymer:Non-Fullerene Photovoltaics. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300224. [PMID: 37029583 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to improve the environmental stability of organic photovoltaics, a multilayered SiOx Cy /a-SiNx (O):H composite barrier film coated with a hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer stop layer for polymer:non-fullerene solar cells is developed. The composite film is prepared by spin-coating of polysilicone and perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) following a densification process by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an inert atmosphere. The transformation of polysilicone and PHPS to SiOx Cy and a-SiNx (O):H is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement. However, the as-prepared PHPS-derived silicon nitride (PDSN) can react with moisture in the ambient atmosphere, yielding microscale defects and a consequent poor barrier performance. Treating the incomplete PDSN with methanol vapor significantly densifies the film yielding low water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs)of 5.0 × 10-1 and 2.0 × 10-1 g m-2 d-1 for the one- and three-couple of SiOx Cy /a-SiNx (O):H (CON) composite films, respectively. By incorporating a thin hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer layer, the three-coupled methanol-treated CON film with a total thickness of 600 nm shows an extremely low WVTR of 8.7 × 10-4 g m-2 d-1 . No performance decay is measured for the PM6:Y6 and PM6:L8-BO cells after such an encapsulation process. These encapsulated polymer cells show good stability storaged at 25 °C/50% relative humidity, or under simulated extreme rainstorm tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Na Wu
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lianping Zhang
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ni Yin
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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14
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Masawa SM, Bakari R, Xu J, Yao J. Progress and challenges in the fabrication of lead-free all-inorganic perovskites solar cells using solvent and compositional engineering Techniques-A review. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Environmental and health risks of perovskite solar modules: Case for better test standards and risk mitigation solutions. iScience 2022; 26:105807. [PMID: 36691614 PMCID: PMC9860350 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) promise high efficiencies and low manufacturing costs. Most formulations, however, contain lead, which raises health and environmental concerns. In this review, we use a risk assessment approach to identify and evaluate the technology risks to the environment and human health. We analyze the risks by following the technology from production to transportation to installation to disposal and examine existing environmental and safety regulations in each context. We review published data from leaching and air emissions testing and highlight gaps in current knowledge and a need for more standardization. Methods to avoid lead release through introduction of absorbing materials or use of alternative PSC formulations are reviewed. We conclude with the recommendation to develop recycling programs for PSCs and further standardized testing to understand risks related to leaching and fires.
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16
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Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: from device to commercialization. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Baiamonte M, Morici E, Colletti C, Dintcheva NT. Polar Wax as Adhesion Promoter in Polymeric Blend Films for Durable Photovoltaic Encapsulants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6751. [PMID: 36234092 PMCID: PMC9571350 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Technological developments in the solar photovoltaic field must guarantee the high performance and low deterioration of solar cells in order for solar power plants to be more efficient and competitive. The solar cell needs comprehensive protection offered by a polymeric encapsulant, which improves UV stability, reduces water and moisture absorption, reduces oxygen and vapor permeability and enhances mechanical resistance. Moreover, high transparency and adhesion yields improved the solar panel performance. The current work analyzes polymeric films based on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and polyolefin (PO) for photovoltaic encapsulant use (the high temperature resistance is improved by adding PO to EVA, as investigated and documented before). To enhance the mechanical resistance and optical properties of the investigated matrices, a crosslinking agent, an adhesion promoter and stabilizing agents have been incorporated in both EVA and EVA/PO systems. The adhesion promoter is a polar wax-silane-free agent; the absence of the silane function allows the integrity of the module to be maintained over time. All samples were characterized through mechanical and rheological analysis, and their long-term UV stability was investigated by accelerated ageing and by FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The obtained results suggest that the presence of a crosslinking agent, an adhesion promoter and stabilizers in EVA/PO-based films allows for the achievement of the required features for the encapsulants, showing mechanical and rheological behavior similar to those of EVA containing the same additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Baiamonte
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Morici
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- ATeN Center, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Colletti
- Enel Green Power SpA Contrada Blocco Torrazze, Zona Industriale Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Nadka Tz. Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Pitchaiya S, Eswaramoorthy N, Madurai Ramakrishnan V, Natarajan M, Velauthapillai D. Bio-Inspired Graphitic Carbon-Based Large-Area (10 × 10 cm 2) Perovskite Solar Cells: Stability Assessments under Indoor, Outdoor, and Water-Soaked Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43050-43066. [PMID: 36099647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, the golden triangle rule includes higher efficiency, longevity (or stability), and low cost, which are the foremost criteria for the root of commercial feasibility. Accordingly, a unique low-cost, ecofriendly, all-solution-processed, "bio-inspired" graphitic carbon (extracted from the most invasive plant species of Eichhornia crassipes: listed as one of the 100 most dangerous species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature) and a mixed halide perovskite interface-engineered, unique single-cell large-scale (10 × 10 sq.cm with an active area of 88 cm2) carbon-based perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) are demonstrated for the first time, delivering a maximum PCE of 6.32%. Notable performance was observed under low light performance for the interface-engineered champion device fabricated using the layer-to-layer approach, which, even when tested under fluorescent room light condition (at 200 lux of about ∼0.1 SUN illumination), exhibited a significant PCE. In terms of addressing the stability issues in the fabricated PSC devices, the present work has adopted a two-step strategy: the instability toward the extrinsic factors is addressed by encapsulation, and the subsequent intrinsic instability issue is also addressed through interfacial engineering. Surprisingly, when tested under various stability conditions (STC) such as ambient air, light (continuous 1 SUN, under room light illumination (0.1 SUN) and direct sunlight), severe damp up to a depth of ∼25 mm water (cold (∼15 °C) and hot (∼65 °C)), acidic pH (∼5), and alkaline pH (∼11)) conditions, the fabricated large-scale carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-LSPSCs) retained unexpected long-term stability in their performance for over 50 days. As to appraise the performance superiority of the fabricated C-LSPSC devices under various aforesaid testing conditions, a working model of a mini-fan has been practically powered and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Pitchaiya
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India
| | - Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Venkatraman Madurai Ramakrishnan
- Department of Physics, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 014, India
- Department of Physics, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 048, India
| | | | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway
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19
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Gou R, Ouyang Z, Xu C, He S, Cheng S, Shi C, Zhao J, Xiao Y, Lei S, Cheng B. Actual origin and precise control of asymmetrical hysteresis in an individual CH 3NH 3PbI 3 micro/nanowire for optical memory and logic operation. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1095-1108. [PMID: 35913084 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00209d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although CH3NH3PbI3 can present an excellent photoresponse to visible light, its application in solar cells and photodetectors is seriously hindered due to hysteresis behaviour. Moreover, for its origin, there exist different opinions. Herein, we demonstrate a route to realize precise control for the electrical transport of a single CH3NH3PbI3 micro/nanowire by constructing a two-terminal device with asymmetric Ag and C electrodes, and its hysteresis can be clearly identified as a synergistic effect of the redox reaction at the interface of the Ag electrode and the injection and ejection of holes in the interfacial traps of the C electrode rather than its bulk effect. The device can show superior bias amplitude and illumination intensity dependence of hysteresis loops with typical bipolar resistive switching features. Thus, an excellent multilevel nonvolatile optical memory can be effectively realized by the modulation of the illumination and bias, and moreover a logic OR gate operation can be successfully implemented with voltage and illumination as input signals as well. This work clearly reveals and provides a new insight of hysteresis origin that can be attributed to a synergistic effect of two asymmetrical electrode interfaces, and therefore precisely controlling its electrical transport to realize an outstanding application potential in multifunctional devices integrated with optical nonvolatile memory and logic OR gate operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runna Gou
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyong Ouyang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Changsen Xu
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Song He
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Shouduan Cheng
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Cencen Shi
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Yanhe Xiao
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Shuijin Lei
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Baochang Cheng
- School of Physics and Materials, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
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20
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Jeong SY, Kim HS, Park NG. Challenges for Thermally Stable Spiro-MeOTAD toward the Market Entry of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34220-34227. [PMID: 35076216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn great attention because they have seen a dramatic increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over only a decade and reached 25.5% of certified PCE in 2021. The efficiency competitiveness with a low production cost puts up PSCs as a candidate for next-generation photovoltaics, encouraging the stability assessment. Research on PSCs, however, still struggles with the stability issue, particularly at elevated temperature, which is mainly ascribed to the use of spiro-MeOTAD as a hole transport material (HTM). Though many attempts have been made to explore a new HTM to replace spiro-MeOTAD, the improved stability is mostly obtained at the expense of losing efficiency. Likewise, the question of the effectiveness of alternatives for spiro-MeOTAD consistently remains. In this perspective, the morphological stability of spiro-MeOTAD at elevated temperatures is discussed to determine the underlying origins of the thermal stability issue and find feasible strategies to resolve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yong Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hui-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
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21
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Park JS, Kim GU, Lee S, Lee JW, Li S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201623. [PMID: 35765775 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have greatly enhanced their commercial viability. Considering the technical standards (e.g., mechanical robustness) required for wearable electronics, which are promising application platforms for OSCs, the development of fully stretchable OSCs (f-SOSCs) should be accelerated. Here, a comprehensive overview of f-SOSCs, which are aimed to reliably operate under various forms of mechanical stress, including bending and multidirectional stretching, is provided. First, the mechanical requirements of f-SOSCs, in terms of tensile and cohesion/adhesion properties, are summarized along with the experimental methods to evaluate those properties. Second, essential studies to make each layer of f-SOSCs stretchable and efficient are discussed, emphasizing strategies to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of the active layer, ranging from material design to fabrication control. Key improvements to the other components/layers (i.e., substrate, electrodes, and interlayers) are also covered. Lastly, considering that f-SOSC research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future prospects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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22
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Fu F, Li J, Yang TCJ, Liang H, Faes A, Jeangros Q, Ballif C, Hou Y. Monolithic Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From the Lab to Fab? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106540. [PMID: 35060205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on monolithic 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells and discusses key scientific and technological challenges to address in view of an industrial implementation of this technology. The authors start by examining the different crystalline silicon (c-Si) technologies suitable for pairing with perovskites, followed by reviewing recent developments in the field of monolithic 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandems. Factors limiting the power conversion efficiency of these tandem devices are then evaluated, before discussing pathways to achieve an efficiency of >32%, a value that small-scale devices will likely need to achieve to make tandems competitive. Aspects related to the upscaling of these device active areas to industry-relevant ones are reviewed, followed by a short discussion on module integration aspects. The review then focuses on stability issues, likely the most challenging task that will eventually determine the economic viability of this technology. The final part of this review discusses alternative monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem designs. Finally, key areas of research that should be addressed to bring this technology from the lab to the fab are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fu
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jia Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Terry Chien-Jen Yang
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- CSIRO Energy Centre, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, New South Wales, 2304, Australia
| | - Haoming Liang
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Antonin Faes
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Jeangros
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Ballif
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Yi Hou
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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23
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Yang NG, Jeon SJ, Kim YH, Lee HS, Hong DH, Moon DK. Interchain hydrogen-bonded conjugated polymer for enhancing the stability of organic solar cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Moustafa E, Marsal LF, Pallarès J. Significant Stability Improvement of Fullerene Organic Photovoltaics via ZnO Film Modification through the Intermittent Spray Pyrolysis Technique. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:4390-4403. [PMID: 35497681 PMCID: PMC9045677 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphological control of the layers within the bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics (BHJ-OPVs) is a key feature that governs their performance. In the present work, we demonstrate that zinc oxide-ZnO-interlayers sprayed via the intermittent spray pyrolysis technique, employing a low-concentration precursor solution, can yield inverted BHJ-OPVs as efficient as the standard reported ones using the conventional laboratory-scale spin-coating technique. However, we record a pioneer stability behavior of the fabricated inverted fullerene organic photovoltaics (iF-OPVs) with various sprayed ZnO conditions. Thus, after optimizing the sprayed ZnO interfacial layer morphology for the inverted PTB7-Th:PC70BM devices, by carefully inspecting the interdependence between the sprayed ZnO thin film morphology and the figures of merit of the optimized iF-OPVs, we conducted a distinct analysis on the optical and electronic properties of the fresh and degraded devices using external quantum efficiency measurements and impedance spectroscopy. Hence, we showed that the most proper ZnO microstructural morphology was obtained by spraying 25 running cycles (25R). Remarkably, we observed that 25R-ZnO-based iF-OPV devices showed a stunning stability behavior and maintained 85% of their initial power conversion efficiency even after 16.7 months without encapsulation in a dry nitrogen glovebox, demonstrating an excellent shelf stability. Accordingly, this approach might facilitate the scalability of inverted OPVs for industrial production visibility.
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Soft X-ray characterization of halide perovskite film by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4520. [PMID: 35296696 PMCID: PMC8927596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently been receiving a lot of attention due to their newfound application in optoelectronic devices, including perovskite solar cells (PSCs) which have reached power conversion efficiencies as high as 25.5%. However, the fundamental mechanisms in PSCs, including the correlation of degradation with the excellent optoelectrical properties of the perovskite absorbers, are poorly understood. In this paper, we have explored synchrotron-based soft X-ray characterization as an effective technique for the compositional analysis of MHP thin films. Most synchrotron-based studies used for investigating MHPs so far are based on hard X-rays (5–10 keV) which include various absorption edges (Pb L-edge, I L-edge, Br K-edge, etc.) but are not suited for the analysis of the organic component in these materials. In order to be sensitive to a maximum number of elements, we have employed soft X-ray-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) as a spectro-microscopy technique for the characterization of MHPs. We examined its sensitivity to iodine and organic components, aging, or oxidation by-products in MHPs to make sure that our suggested method is suitable for studying MHPs. Furthermore, methylammonium triiodide with different deposition ratios of PbI2 and CH3NH3I (MAI), and different thicknesses, were characterized for chemical inhomogeneity at the nanoscale by STXM. Through these measurements, we demonstrate that STXM is very sensitive to chemical composition and homogeneity in MHPs. Thus, we highlight the utility of STXM for an in-depth analysis of physical and chemical phenomena in PSCs.
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26
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A Review of Recent Developments in Preparation Methods for Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent rapid development in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has led to significant research interest due to their notable photovoltaic performance, currently exceeding 25% power conversion efficiency for small-area PSCs. The materials used to fabricate PSCs dominate the current photovoltaic market, especially with the rapid increase in efficiency and performance. The present work reviews recent developments in PSCs’ preparation and fabrication methods, the associated advantages and disadvantages, and methods for improving the efficiency of large-area perovskite films for commercial application. The work is structured in three parts. First is a brief overview of large-area PSCs, followed by a discussion of the preparation methods and methods to improve PSC efficiency, quality, and stability. Envisioned future perspectives on the synthesis and commercialization of large-area PSCs are discussed last. Most of the growth in commercial PSC applications is likely to be in building integrated photovoltaics and electric vehicle battery charging solutions. This review concludes that blade coating, slot-die coating, and ink-jet printing carry the highest potential for the scalable manufacture of large-area PSCs with moderate-to-high PCEs. More research and development are key to improving PSC stability and, in the long-term, closing the chasm in lifespan between PSCs and conventional photovoltaic cells.
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27
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Emery Q, Remec M, Paramasivam G, Janke S, Dagar J, Ulbrich C, Schlatmann R, Stannowski B, Unger E, Khenkin M. Encapsulation and Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Solar Cells: Comparing Industrially Relevant Process with a Simplified Lab Procedure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5159-5167. [PMID: 35108814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great potential for next-generation photovoltaics. One of the main barriers to their commercial use is their poor long-term stability under ambient conditions and, in particular, their sensitivity to moisture and oxygen. Therefore, several encapsulation strategies are being developed in an attempt to improve the stability of PSCs in a humid environment. The lack of common testing procedures makes the comparison of encapsulation strategies challenging. In this paper, we optimized and investigated two common encapsulation strategies: lamination-based glass-glass encapsulation for outdoor operation and commercial use (COM) and a simple glue-based encapsulation mostly utilized for laboratory research purposes (LAB). We compare both approaches and evaluate their effectiveness to impede humidity ingress under three different testing conditions: on-shelf storage at 21 °C and 30% relative humidity (RH) (ISOS-D1), damp heat exposure at 85 °C and 85% RH (ISOS-D3), and outdoor operational stability continuously monitoring device performance for 10 months under maximum power point tracking on a roof-top test site in Berlin, Germany (ISOS-O3). LAB encapsulation of perovskite devices consists of glue and a cover glass and can be performed at ambient temperature, in an inert environment without the need for complex equipment. This glue-based encapsulation procedure allowed PSCs to retain more than 93% of their conversion efficiency after 1566 h of storage in ambient atmosphere and, therefore, is sufficient and suitable as an interim encapsulation for cell transport or short-term experiments outside an inert atmosphere. However, this simple encapsulation does not pass the IEC 61215 damp heat test and hence results in a high probability of fast degradation of the cells under outdoor conditions. The COM encapsulation procedure requires the use of a vacuum laminator and the cells to be able to withstand a short period of air exposure and at least 20 min at elevated temperatures (in our case, 150 °C). This encapsulation method enabled the cells to pass the IEC 61215 damp heat test and even to retain over 95% of their initial efficiency after 1566 h in a damp heat chamber. Above all, passing the damp heat test for COM-encapsulated devices translates to devices fully retaining their initial efficiency for the full duration of the outdoor test (>10 months). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the longest outdoor stability demonstrations for PSCs published to date. We stress that both encapsulation approaches described in this work are useful for the scientific community as they fulfill different purposes: the COM for the realization of prototypes for long-term real-condition validation and, ultimately, commercialization of perovskite solar cells and the LAB procedure to enable testing and carrying out experiments on perovskite solar cells under noninert conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quiterie Emery
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Remec
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gopinath Paramasivam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Janke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janardan Dagar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Ulbrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Unger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Khenkin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Guo Y, He L, Guo J, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wang L, Yang H, Xiao C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao Z, Sun L. A Phenanthrocarbazole‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Polymer with Noncovalent Conformational Locking for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Lanlan He
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Chenhao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
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29
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Wang Y, Ahmad I, Leung T, Lin J, Chen W, Liu F, Ng AMC, Zhang Y, Djurišić AB. Encapsulation and Stability Testing of Perovskite Solar Cells for Real Life Applications. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:215-236. [PMID: 36855381 PMCID: PMC9888620 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the progress in the development of perovskite solar cells, increased efforts have been devoted to enhancing their stability. With more devices being able to survive harsher stability testing conditions, such as damp heat or outdoor testing, there is increased interest in encapsulation techniques suitable for this type of tests, since both device architecture compatible with increased stability and effective encapsulation are necessary for those testing conditions. A variety of encapsulation techniques and materials have been reported to date for devices with different architectures and tested under different conditions. In this Perspective, we will discuss important factors affecting the encapsulation effectiveness and focus on the devices, which have been subjected to outdoor testing or damp heat testing. In addition to encapsulation requirements for these testing conditions, we will also discuss device requirements. Finally, we discuss possible methods for accelerating the testing of encapsulation and device stability and discuss the future outlook and important issues, which need to be addressed for further advancement of the stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Wang
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tiklun Leung
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jingyang Lin
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,South
University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan
Rd., Nanshan, 518 055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,South
University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan
Rd., Nanshan, 518 055 Shenzhen, China,National
University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119 077
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alan Man Ching Ng
- South
University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan
Rd., Nanshan, 518 055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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30
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Zhao H, Gu Y, Lu N, Liu Y, Ding Y, Ye B, Huo X, Bian B, Wei C, Zhang X, Yang G. Janus In2SeTe for photovoltaic device applications from first-principles study. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Recent Issues and Configuration Factors in Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells towards Large Scaling Production. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123186. [PMID: 34947535 PMCID: PMC8708322 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented development of perovskite-silicon (PSC-Si) tandem solar cells in the last five years has been hindered by several challenges towards industrialization, which require further research. The combination of the low cost of perovskite and legacy silicon solar cells serve as primary drivers for PSC-Si tandem solar cell improvement. For the perovskite top-cell, the utmost concern reported in the literature is perovskite instability. Hence, proposed physical loss mechanisms for intrinsic and extrinsic instability as triggering mechanisms for hysteresis, ion segregation, and trap states, along with the latest proposed mitigation strategies in terms of stability engineering, are discussed. The silicon bottom cell, being a mature technology, is currently facing bottleneck challenges to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) greater than 26.7%, which requires more understanding in the context of light management and passivation technologies. Finally, for large-scale industrialization of the PSC-Si tandem solar cell, the promising silicon wafer thinning, and large-scale film deposition technologies could cause a shift and align with a more affordable and flexible roll-to-roll PSC-Si technology. Therefore, this review aims to provide deliberate guidance on critical fundamental issues and configuration factors in current PSC-Si tandem technologies towards large-scale industrialization. to meet the 2031 PSC-Si Tandem road maps market target.
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32
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Guo Y, He L, Guo J, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wang L, Yang H, Xiao C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao Z, Sun L. A Phenanthrocarbazole-Based Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Polymer with Noncovalent Conformational Locking for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114341. [PMID: 34806275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adequate hole mobility is the prerequisite for dopant-free polymeric hole-transport materials (HTMs). Constraining the configurational variation of polymer chains to afford a rigid and planar backbone can reduce unfavorable reorganization energy and improve hole mobility. Herein, a noncovalent conformational locking via S-O secondary interaction is exploited in a phenanthrocarbazole (PC) based polymeric HTM, PC6, to fix the molecular geometry and significantly reduce reorganization energy. Systematic studies on structurally explicit repeats to targeted polymers reveals that the broad and planar backbone of PC remarkably enhances π-π stacking of adjacent polymers, facilitating intermolecular charge transfer greatly. The inserted "Lewis soft" oxygen atoms passivate the trap sites efficiently at the perovskite/HTM interface and further suppress interfacial recombination. Consequently, a PSC employing PC6 as a dopant-free HTM offers an excellent power conversion efficiency of 22.2 % and significantly improved longevity, rendering it as one of the best PSCs based on dopant-free HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lanlan He
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chenhao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Niemczyk A, Brajnicov S, Satulu V, Baranowska J, Mitu B, Dinescu M. Towards Understanding the Chemical Structure Modification of EVA Copolymer upon MAPLE Processing of Thin Films. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111686. [PMID: 34769117 PMCID: PMC8583955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of coatings from poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) were obtained using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. By changing the process parameters, i.e., laser fluence and EVA co-polymer concentration in the target, coatings with various morphologies and topographies were produced. The evaluation of the film structure was based on an analysis of optical and atomic force microscopy and profilometry measurements. A detailed chemical structure investigation, conducted based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, revealed that although the general structure was preserved, some alterations of ethylene (Et) and vinyl acetate (VAc) blocks took place. The most noticeable change was in the ester group that was transformed into ketone and carboxyl groups; nevertheless, some changes in the aliphatic main chain were also present. The chemical structure changes in EVA coatings took place regardless of the process parameters used. The use of chloroform as a solvent to dissolve the EVA copolymer was indicated as a possible reason of the changes as well as the tendency of EVA macromolecules to form clusters. Nevertheless, due to low level of structure alteration, it has been shown that the MAPLE technique can be successfully used to obtain coatings from polymers with more complex structures, which are soluble in a limited number of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Niemczyk
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 19 Piastow Ave, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Simona Brajnicov
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; (S.B.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Veronica Satulu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; (S.B.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Jolanta Baranowska
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 19 Piastow Ave, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bogdana Mitu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; (S.B.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Maria Dinescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania; (S.B.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
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35
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Mohammadi M, Gholipour S, Malekshahi Byranvand M, Abdi Y, Taghavinia N, Saliba M. Encapsulation Strategies for Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells under Severe Stress Testing: Damp Heat, Freezing, and Outdoor Illumination Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45455-45464. [PMID: 34528780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key direction toward managing extrinsic instabilities in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is encapsulation. Thus, a suitable sealing layer is required for an efficient device encapsulation, preventing moisture and oxygen ingression into the perovskite layer. In this work, a solution-based, low-cost, and commercially available bilayer structure of poly(methyl methacrylate)/styrene-butadiene (PMMA/SB) is investigated for PSCs encapsulation. Encapsulated devices retained 80% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 85 °C temperature and 85% relative humidity after 100 h, while reference devices without SB (only PMMA) suffer from rapid and intense degradation after only 2 h, under the same condition. In addition, encapsulated devices retained 95% of the initial PCE under -15 °C freezing temperature after 6 h and retained ∼80% of the initial PCE after immersion in HCl (37%) for 90 min. Moreover, applying an additional aluminum metal sheet on the PMMA/SB protective bilayer leads to the improvement of device stability up to 500 h under outdoor illumination, retaining almost 90% of the initial PCE. Considering the urge to develop reliable, scalable, and simple encapsulation for future large-area PSCs, this work establishes solution-based bilayer encapsulation, which is applicable for flexible solar modules as well as other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photodetectors.improvement of device stability up to 500 h under outdoor illumination, retaining almost 90% of the initial PCE. Considering the urge to develop reliable, scalable, and simple encapsulation for future large-area PSCs, this work establishes solution-based bilayer encapsulation, which is applicable for flexible solar modules as well as other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mohammadi
- Nanoparticles and Coating Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholipour
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photoevoltaik, Forschungszentrum, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Yaser Abdi
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Nima Taghavinia
- Nanoparticles and Coating Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photoevoltaik, Forschungszentrum, Jülich 52425, Germany
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36
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Wang KL, Zhou YH, Lou YH, Wang ZK. Perovskite indoor photovoltaics: opportunity and challenges. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11936-11954. [PMID: 34667561 PMCID: PMC8457370 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), photovoltaics (PVs) has a vast market supply gap of billion dollars. Moreover, it also puts forward new requirements for the development of indoor photovoltaic devices (IPVs). In recent years, PVs represented by organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), silicon solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), etc. considered for use in IoTs mechanisms have also been extensively investigated. However, there are few reports on the indoor applications of perovskite devices, even though it has the advantages of better performance. In fact, perovskite has the advantages of better bandgap adjustability, lower cost, and easier preparation of large-area on flexible substrates, compared with other types of IPVs. This review starts from the development status of IoTs and investigates the cost, technology, and future trends of IPVs. We believe that perovskite photovoltaics is more suitable for indoor applications and review some strategies for fabricating high-performance perovskite indoor photovoltaic devices (IPVs). Finally, we also put forward a perspective for the long-term development of perovskite IPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yan-Hui Lou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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37
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Banitaba SN, Ehrmann A. Application of Electrospun Nanofibers for Fabrication of Versatile and Highly Efficient Electrochemical Devices: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1741. [PMID: 34073391 PMCID: PMC8197972 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical devices convert chemical reactions into electrical energy or, vice versa, electricity into a chemical reaction. While batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, and sensors belong to the galvanic cells based on the first reaction, electrolytic cells are based on the reversed process and used to decompose chemical compounds by electrolysis. Especially fuel cells, using an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen with an oxidizing agent to produce electricity, and electrolytic cells, e.g., used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, are of high interest in the ongoing search for production and storage of renewable energies. This review sheds light on recent developments in the area of electrospun electrochemical devices, new materials, techniques, and applications. Starting with a brief introduction into electrospinning, recent research dealing with electrolytic cells, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electrochemical solar cells, and electrochemical sensors is presented. The paper concentrates on the advantages of electrospun nanofiber mats for these applications which are mostly based on their high specific surface area and the possibility to tailor morphology and material properties during the spinning and post-treatment processes. It is shown that several research areas dealing with electrospun parts of electrochemical devices have already reached a broad state-of-the-art, while other research areas have large space for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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38
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Channa IA, Chandio AD, Rizwan M, Shah AA, Bhatti J, Shah AK, Hussain F, Shar MA, AlHazaa A. Solution Processed PVB/Mica Flake Coatings for the Encapsulation of Organic Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102496. [PMID: 34065936 PMCID: PMC8151763 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) die due to their interactions with environmental gases, i.e., moisture and oxygen, the latter being the most dangerous, especially under illumination, due to the fact that most of the active layers used in OPVs are extremely sensitive to oxygen. In this work we demonstrate solution-based effective barrier coatings based on composite of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and mica flakes for the protection of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) against photobleaching under illumination conditions. In the first step we developed a protective layer with cost effective and environmentally friendly methods and optimized its properties in terms of transparency, barrier improvement factor, and bendability. The developed protective layer maintained a high transparency in the visible region and improved oxygen and moisture barrier quality by the factor of ~7. The resultant protective layers showed ultra-flexibility, as no significant degradation in protective characteristics were observed after 10 K bending cycles. In the second step, a PVB/mica composite layer was applied on top of the P3HT film and subjected to photo-degradation. The P3HT films coated with PVB/mica composite showed improved stability under constant light irradiation and exhibited a loss of <20% of the initial optical density over the period of 150 h. Finally, optimized barrier layers were used as encapsulation for organic solar cell (OSC) devices. The lifetime results confirmed that the stability of the OSCs was extended from few hours to over 240 h in a sun test (65 °C, ambient RH%) which corresponds to an enhanced lifetime by a factor of 9 compared to devices encapsulated with pristine PVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ahmed Channa
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.D.C.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Dad Chandio
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.D.C.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.D.C.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.D.C.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jahanzeb Bhatti
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.D.C.); (M.R.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Karim Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Fayaz Hussain
- Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Muhammad Ali Shar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (A.A.)
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Abdulaziz AlHazaa
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (A.A.)
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surfaces and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Toward Commercialization of Stable Devices: An Overview on Encapsulation of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising technology for energy harvesting due to high power conversion efficiencies up to 26%, easy manufacturing, and convenient deposition techniques, leading to added advantages over other contemporary competitors. In order to promote this technology toward commercialization though, stability issues need to be addressed. Lately, many researchers have explored several techniques to improve the stability of the environmentally-sensitive perovskite solar devices. Challenges posed by environmental factors like moisture, oxygen, temperature, and UV-light exposure, could be overcome by device encapsulation. This review focuses the attention on the different materials, methods, and requirements for suitable encapsulated perovskite solar cells. A depth analysis on the current stability tests is also included, since accurate and reliable testing conditions are needed in order to reduce mismatching involved in reporting the efficiencies of PSC.
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40
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Dopant-Free All-Organic Small-Molecule HTMs for Perovskite Solar Cells: Concepts and Structure–Property Relationships. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14082279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of Perovskite Solar Cells, their photovoltaic efficiencies have grown impressively, reaching over 25%. Besides the exceptional efficiencies, those solar cells need to be improved to overcome some concerns, such as their intrinsic instability when exposed to humidity. In this respect, the development of new and stable Hole Transporting Materials (HTMs) rose as a new hot topic. Since the doping agents for common HTM are hygroscopic, they bring water in contact with the perovskite layer, thus deteriorating it. In the last years, the research focused on “dopant-free” HTMs, which are inherently conductive without any addition of dopants. Dopant-free HTMs, being small molecules or polymers, have still been a relatively small set of compounds until now. This review collects almost all the relevant organic dopant-free small-molecule HTMs known so far. A general classification of HTMs is proposed, and structure analysis is used to identify structure–property relationships, to help researchers to build better-performing materials.
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41
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Majeed SM, Ahmed DS, Mohammed MKA. A novel 3-methylthiophene additive to boost the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10425-10433. [PMID: 35423556 PMCID: PMC8695652 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a practical candidate for new-generation photovoltaic devices to meet global energy demands. Recently, researchers' attempts have been focused on the crucial issues related to PSCs, i.e., stability and performance. In this research, MAPbI3-based PSCs were prepared via a two-step deposition process. To boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the prepared PSCs, an additive engineering approach was employed. A novel 3-methylthiophene (MTP) organic molecule was added to the methylammonium iodide (MAI)/isopropanol (IPA) solution precursor. The additive improved the crystallinity of the perovskite layer, which indicates a more desirable film with lower surface defects and larger particle size. Modified PSCs reduced carries recombination rate at the interfacial of perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL), and the charge transport process is facilitated due to a desirable delocalized π-electron system of the MTP additive. The PCE of PSCs in the presence of MTP additive improved from 12.32% to 16.93% for pristine devices. Importantly, MTP-based PSCs showed higher ambient air stability due to the hydrophobic structure of MTP compared to pristine PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeer M Majeed
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology Baghdad 100001 Iraq
| | - Duha S Ahmed
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology Baghdad 100001 Iraq
| | - Mustafa K A Mohammed
- Dijlah University College Al-Masafi Street, Al-Dora Baghdad 00964 Iraq +9647719047121
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42
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Prete M, Ogliani E, Bregnhøj M, Lissau JS, Dastidar S, Rubahn HG, Engmann S, Skov AL, Brook MA, Ogilby PR, Printz A, Turkovic V, Madsen M. Synergistic effect of carotenoid and silicone-based additives for photooxidatively stable organic solar cells with enhanced elasticity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 35:10.1039/D1TC01544C. [PMID: 37056473 PMCID: PMC10091296 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical and mechanical stability are critical in the production and application of organic solar cells. While these factors can individually be improved using different additives, there is no example of studies on the combined effects of such additive-assisted stabilization. In this study, the properties of PTB7:[70]PCBM organic solar cells are studied upon implementation of two additives: the carotenoid astaxanthin (AX) for photochemical stability and the silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for improved mechanical properties. A newly designed additive, AXcPDMS, based on astaxanthin covalently bonded to PDMS was also examined. Lifetime tests, produced in ISOS-L-2 conditions, reveal an improvement in the accumulated power generation (APG) of 10% with pure AX, of 90% when AX is paired with PDMS, and of 140% when AXcPDMS is added in the active layer blend, as compared to the control devices. Singlet oxygen phosphorescence measurements are utilized to study the ability of AX and AXcPDMS to quench singlet oxygen and its precursors in the films. The data are consistent with the strong stabilization effect of the carotenoids. While AX and AXcPDMS are both efficient photochemical stabilizers, the improvement in device stability observed in the presence of AXcPDMS is likely due to a more favorable localization of the stabilizer within the blend. The mechanical properties of the active layers were investigated by tensile testing and cohesive fracture measurements, showing a joint improvement of the photooxidative stability and the mechanical properties, thus yielding organic solar cell devices that are promising for flexible photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Prete
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Elisa Ogliani
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Sandby Lissau
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Subham Dastidar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Engmann
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael A Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adam Printz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Vida Turkovic
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
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Bonomo M, Taheri B, Bonandini L, Castro-Hermosa S, Brown TM, Zanetti M, Menozzi A, Barolo C, Brunetti F. Thermosetting Polyurethane Resins as Low-Cost, Easily Scalable, and Effective Oxygen and Moisture Barriers for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54862-54875. [PMID: 33237742 PMCID: PMC8016164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of the main issues to be solved for forthcoming commercialization of this technology. In this work, thermosetting polyurethane (PU)-based resins are proposed as effective encapsulants for perovskite solar cells to prevent degradation caused by both moisture and oxygen. Application consists of drop-casting the precursor mixture directly over the devices followed by in situ polymerization, avoiding the use of other adhesives. PUs are cost-effective, lightweight, thermal, and light-stable materials whose mechanical, chemical, and physical properties can be easily tuned by thoughtful choice of their precursor. Encapsulated PSCs show extremely good stability when stored under ambient light (maximum, 1000 lux), controlled humidity (28-65%), and temperature (18-30 °C) by retaining 94% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 2500 h (4 months), whereas control devices lose 90% of their performance after 500 h (T80 = 37 h); once stored according to ISOS-D-1, PU-protected devices showed T80 > 1200 h. Encapsulated devices are stable even when immersed in pure water. The demonstration of PUs as promising solution-processed encapsulant materials for PSCs can pave the way for these to become a cost-effective encapsulation route alternative for future industrialization of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonomo
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bonandini
- S.E.
Special Engines S.r.l., Strada del Cascinotto, 163, 10156 Torino, Italy
| | - Sergio Castro-Hermosa
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- ICxT
Interdepartmental Centre, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Menozzi
- S.E.
Special Engines S.r.l., Strada del Cascinotto, 163, 10156 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- ICxT
Interdepartmental Centre, Università
degli Studi di Torino, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Choi YC, Jung KW. Recent Progress in Fabrication of Antimony/Bismuth Chalcohalides for Lead-Free Solar Cell Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112284. [PMID: 33218079 PMCID: PMC7698906 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite their comparable performance to commercial solar systems, lead-based perovskite (Pb-perovskite) solar cells exhibit limitations including Pb toxicity and instability for industrial applications. To address these issues, two types of Pb-free materials have been proposed as alternatives to Pb-perovskite: perovskite-based and non-perovskite-based materials. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on solar cells based on antimony/bismuth (Sb/Bi) chalcohalides, representing Sb/Bi non-perovskite semiconductors containing chalcogenides and halides. Two types of ternary and quaternary chalcohalides are described, with their classification predicated on the fabrication method. We also highlight their utility as interfacial layers for improving other solar cells. This review provides clues for improving the performances of devices and design of multifunctional solar systems.
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45
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Xu KJ, Wang RT, Xu AF, Chen JY, Xu G. Hysteresis and Instability Predicted in Moisture Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48882-48889. [PMID: 33054159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the perovskite solar cell structure was expected recently to be reversible, which opened a new gate to the enhancement of the device lifetime by reversing the process. However, the kinetic details of the structural collapse and recovery are still missing, without which the perovskite reversibility cannot be further explored. Due to the experimental difficulty, a purposeful numerical model was conducted in this report, to simulate the water diffusion process in the perovskite structure in both directions. It was found that the moisture diffusion needs to be initiated by a certain level of structural imperfection and is non-Fickian, as assisted by the collapse of the perovskite into the 1D chains. The reversibility was verified by the back diffusion, but accompanied by hysteresis, stagnancy, and even surprising instability, which initiated the water flow under initial equilibrium, due possibly to the imbalance during the reconstruction of the perovskite lattice. These observations offer new insights to form strategies of improvement, for example, via the possible self-healing perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J Xu
- Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Ryan T Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Alex F Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Jason Y Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Gu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
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46
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Yao Z, Zhang F, Guo Y, Wu H, He L, Liu Z, Cai B, Guo Y, Brett CJ, Li Y, Srambickal CV, Yang X, Chen G, Widengren J, Liu D, Gardner JM, Kloo L, Sun L. Conformational and Compositional Tuning of Phenanthrocarbazole-Based Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Polymers Boosting the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17681-17692. [PMID: 32924464 PMCID: PMC7584363 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Conjugated polymers
are regarded as promising candidates for dopant-free
hole-transport materials (HTMs) in efficient and stable perovskite
solar cells (PSCs). Thus far, the vast majority of polymeric HTMs
feature structurally complicated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene (BDT) analogs and electron-withdrawing
heterocycles, forming a strong donor–acceptor (D–A)
structure. Herein, a new class of phenanthrocarbazole (PC)-based polymeric HTMs (PC1, PC2, and PC3) has been synthesized by inserting a PC unit
into a polymeric thiophene or selenophene chain with the aim of enhancing
the π–π stacking of adjacent polymer chains and
also to efficiently interact with the perovskite surface through the
broad and planar conjugated backbone of the PC. Suitable
energy levels, excellent thermostability, and humidity resistivity
together with remarkable photoelectric properties are obtained via
meticulously tuning the conformation and elemental composition of
the polymers. As a result, PSCs containing PC3 as dopant-free
HTM show a stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% and
significantly enhanced longevity, rendering one of the best types
of PSCs based on dopant-free HTMs. Subsequent experimental and theoretical
studies reveal that the planar conformation of the polymers contributes
to an ordered and face-on stacking of the polymer chains. Furthermore,
introduction of the “Lewis soft” selenium atom can passivate
surface trap sites of perovskite films by Pb–Se interaction
and facilitate the interfacial charge separation significantly. This
work reveals the guiding principles for rational design of dopant-free
polymeric HTMs and also inspires rational exploration of small molecular
HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | | | - Zhou Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | | | - Calvin J Brett
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 8, Stockholm 10044, Sweden.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | | | - Chinmaya Venugopal Srambickal
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Xichuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Dianyi Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | | | | | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
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47
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Habel C, Tsurko ES, Timmins RL, Hutschreuther J, Kunz R, Schuchardt DD, Rosenfeldt S, Altstädt V, Breu J. Lightweight Ultra-High-Barrier Liners for Helium and Hydrogen. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7018-7024. [PMID: 32374585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upcoming efficient air-borne wind energy concepts and communication technologies applying lighter-than-air platforms require high-performance barrier coatings, which concomitantly and nonselectively block permeation not only of helium but also of ozone and water vapor. Similarly, with the emergence of green hydrogen economy, lightweight barrier materials for storage and transport of this highly diffusive gas are very much sought-after, particularly in aviation technology. Here the fabrication of ultraperformance nanocomposite barrier liners by spray coating lamellar liquid crystalline dispersions of high aspect ratio (∼20 000) silicate nanosheets mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) on a PET substrate foil is presented. Lightweight nanocomposite liners with 50 wt % filler content are obtained showing helium and hydrogen permeabilities as low as 0.8 and 0.6 cm3 μm m-2 day-1 atm-1, respectively. This exhibits an improvement up to a factor of 4 × 103 as compared to high-barrier polymers such as ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers. Furthermore, ozone resistance, illustrated by oxygen permeability measurements at elevated relative humidity (75% r.h.), and water vapor resistance are demonstrated. Moreover, the technically benign processing by spray coating will render this barrier technology easily transferable to real lighter-than-air technologies or irregular- and concave-shaped hydrogen tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Habel
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Evgeny S Tsurko
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Renee L Timmins
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Julia Hutschreuther
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Raphael Kunz
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Dominik D Schuchardt
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
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48
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Roy A, Ghosh A, Bhandari S, Sundaram S, Mallick TK. Realization of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Encapsulated Solution-Processed Carbon-Based Solar Cells: An Emerging Candidate for Buildings' Comfort. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020; 59:11063-11071. [PMID: 32565615 PMCID: PMC7304074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The self-assembling characteristics
allow carbon nanomaterials
to be readily explored, environmentally benign, solution-processed,
low-cost, and efficient solar light-harvesting materials. An effort
has been made to replace the regular photovoltaic device’s
electrodes by different carbon allotrope-based electrodes. Sequential
fabrication of carbon solar cells (SCs) was performed under ambient
conditions, where FTO/graphene/single-walled carbon nanotubes/graphene
quantum dots-fullerene/carbon black paste layers were assembled with
poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as an encapsulating layer. The PMMA
layer provides significant improvement toward the entry of water vapor,
hence leading to stability up to 1000 h. The photoconversion efficiency
of the PMMA-encapsulated carbon SC has been increased by ∼105%
and the stability decreased by only ∼10% after 1000 h of exposure
to environmental moisture. Besides, the building integrated photovoltaic
window properties achieved using this carbon SC were also investigated
by using the color rendering index and the correlated color temperature,
which can have an impact on the buildings’ occupants’
comfort. This study leads to an extensive integration to improve carbon-based
materials because of their effective and useful but less-explored
characteristics suitable for potential photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Roy
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Shubhranshu Bhandari
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Senthilarasu Sundaram
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Tapas Kumar Mallick
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
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49
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Duan L, Uddin A. Progress in Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903259. [PMID: 32537401 PMCID: PMC7284215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The organic solar cell (OSC) is a promising emerging low-cost thin film photovoltaics technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs has overpassed 16% for single junction and 17% for organic-organic tandem solar cells with the development of low bandgap organic materials synthesis and device processing technology. The main barrier of commercial use of OSCs is the poor stability of devices. Herein, the factors limiting the stability of OSCs are summarized. The limiting stability factors are oxygen, water, irradiation, heating, metastable morphology, diffusion of electrodes and buffer layers materials, and mechanical stress. The recent progress in strategies to increase the stability of OSCs is surveyed, such as material design, device engineering of active layers, employing inverted geometry, optimizing buffer layers, using stable electrodes and encapsulation materials. The International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability guidelines are also discussed. The potential research strategies to achieve the required device stability and efficiency are highlighted, rendering possible pathways to facilitate the viable commercialization of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiping Duan
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Ashraf Uddin
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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50
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Shi L, Bucknall MP, Young TL, Zhang M, Hu L, Bing J, Lee DS, Kim J, Wu T, Takamure N, McKenzie DR, Huang S, Green MA, Ho-Baillie AWY. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of encapsulated stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2020; 368:science.aba2412. [PMID: 32439657 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although perovskite solar cells have produced remarkable energy conversion efficiencies, they cannot become commercially viable without improvements in durability. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal signature volatile products of the decomposition of organic hybrid perovskites under thermal stress. In addition, we were able to use GC-MS to confirm that a low-cost polymer/glass stack encapsulation is effective in suppressing such outgassing. Using such an encapsulation scheme, we produced multi-cation, multi-halide perovskite solar cells containing methylammonium that exceed the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215:2016 standard by surviving more than 1800 hours of the Damp Heat test and 75 cycles of the Humidity Freeze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Martin P Bucknall
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Trevor L Young
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Meng Zhang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Institute of Photovoltaics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jueming Bing
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Da Seul Lee
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jincheol Kim
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,New and Renewable Energy Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seong-Nam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Noboru Takamure
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David R McKenzie
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Martin A Green
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anita W Y Ho-Baillie
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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