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Erhabor J, Boakye E, Obisesan O, Osei AD, Tasdighi E, Mirbolouk H, DeFilippis AP, Stokes AC, Hirsch GA, Benjamin EJ, Rodriguez CJ, El Shahawy O, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Blaha MJ. E-Cigarette Use Among US Adults in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2340859. [PMID: 37921768 PMCID: PMC10625038 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance After the initial disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear how patterns of e-cigarette use in the US have changed. Objective To examine recent patterns in current and daily e-cigarette use among US adults in 2021. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database. The BRFSS is the largest national telephone-based survey of randomly sampled adults in the US. Adults aged 18 years or older, residing in 49 US states (all except Florida), the District of Columbia, and 3 US territories (Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands), were included in the data set. Data analysis was performed in January 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was age-adjusted prevalence of current and daily e-cigarette use overall and by participant characteristics, state, and territory. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, applying weights to account for population representation. Results This study included 414 755 BRFSS participants with information on e-cigarette use. More than half of participants were women (51.3%). In terms of race and ethnicity, 0.9% of participants were American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.8% were Asian, 11.5% were Black, 17.3% were Hispanic, 0.2% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 62.2% were White, 1.4% were of multiple races or ethnicities, and 0.6% were of other race or ethnicity. Individuals aged 18 to 24 years comprised 12.4% of the study population. The age-standardized prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 6.9% (95% CI, 6.7%-7.1%), with almost half of participants using e-cigarettes daily (3.2% [95% CI, 3.1%-3.4%]). Among individuals aged 18 to 24 years, there was a consistently higher prevalence of e-cigarette use, with more than 18.6% reporting current use and more than 9.0% reporting daily use. Overall, among individuals reporting current e-cigarette use, 42.2% (95% CI, 40.7%-43.7%) indicated former combustible cigarette use, 37.1% (95% CI, 35.6%-38.6%) indicated current combustible cigarette use, and 20.7% (95% CI, 19.7%-21.8%) indicated never using combustible cigarettes. Although relatively older adults (aged ≥25 years) who reported current e-cigarette use were more likely to report former or current combustible cigarette use, younger adults (aged 18-24 years) were more likely to report never using combustible cigarettes. Notably, the proportion of individuals who reported current e-cigarette use and never using combustible cigarettes was higher in the group aged 18 to 20 years (71.5% [95% CI, 66.8%-75.7%]) compared with those aged 21 to 24 years (53.0% [95% CI, 49.8%-56.1%]). Conclusion and Relevance These findings suggest that e-cigarette use remained common during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among young adults aged 18 to 24 years (18.3% prevalence). Notably, 71.5% of individuals aged 18 to 20 years who reported current e-cigarette use had never used combustible cigarettes. These results underscore the rationale for the implementation and enforcement of public health policies tailored to young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Erhabor
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ellen Boakye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Albert D. Osei
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erfan Tasdighi
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hassan Mirbolouk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew P. DeFilippis
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew C. Stokes
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn A. Hirsch
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
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Sung J, Shrestha SS, Kim Y, Emery S, Wang X. Changes in Sales of Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis 2023; 20:E71. [PMID: 37590902 PMCID: PMC10457104 DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.220406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated social distancing policies such as lockdowns and quarantine influenced people's lives and health behaviors. We comprehensively assessed national trends in sales of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, and over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products before and during the pandemic, allowing for cross-product comparisons. Stockpiling behavior was also assessed. METHODS We used US national tobacco and over-the-counter NRT retail store scanner data (excluding internet, specialty/vape store, and prescription sales) collected at 4-week intervals by NielsenIQ from December 2018 to June 2021. We applied an interrupted time-series model to assess differences in tobacco product and NRT unit sales before and during the pandemic. We defined the prepandemic period as December 16, 2018, through April 4, 2020, pandemic as starting on April 5, 2020, through June 26, 2021, and the stockpiling period as one 4-week period before the pandemic started. RESULTS Four-week cigarette, e-cigarette, and cigar unit sales on average increased by 11.5% (P = .006), 37.1% (P < .001), and 26.1% (P < .001) respectively, while 4-week NRT unit sales decreased on average by 13.1% (P < .001), during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. Stockpiling was associated with increases in sales of all tobacco products and NRT products. CONCLUSION Unit sales of assessed tobacco products increased while NRT unit sales decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the prepandemic period. These changes may suggest an increase in the intensity of tobacco product use or stockpiling of tobacco products among people who use tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesang Sung
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sundar S Shrestha
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S107-7, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ovung S, Nair S, Hijam M, Alee NT, Aheibam S, Singh SR, Da Costa EL, Siddiqui S, Sharma S, Singh L, Singh KJ, Haobijam N, Kaur H, Rao MVV. Smokeless Tobacco Use and Cessation Attempts during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Qualitative Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1979-1985. [PMID: 37378927 PMCID: PMC10505867 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.6.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among women is widely prevalent in Manipur state accounting for 45% users as per Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-2 India. Studies from India and elsewhere indicate changes in the way people used SLT during COVID-19 lockdown. This study explores individual and economic influences on SLT consumption and cessation attempts by tribal women in Manipur during the first COVID-19 lockdown (March-June, 2020) in India. METHODS Twenty in-depth interviews, both in-person and telephonically, were conducted among tribal women from Imphal west, Manipur, India, who used any SLT, from April to September 2020. Objective of the study was to understand the use, factors associated with consumption, purchasing behaviors, and cessation attempts of SLT during the lockdown. Thematic content analysis was used to identify core themes and codes. RESULTS Study participants reported of changes in current SLT use during restrictions imposed to contain COVID-19 pandemic in India. Majority reported of reduction or quit attempts in SLT use. Reasons included inaccessibility due to travel restrictions, limited availability and price rise of SLT products, fear of COVID-19, and disposable income for purchase of SLT products. However, a few women reported of increased consumption due to bulk purchasing, or switching to other SLT products as a result of unavailability or price rise of preferred products or to cope up with social isolation caused by the lockdown. CONCLUSION Study findings on factors influencing quit attempts and strategies used for reducing SLT use by tribal women in Imphal, Manipur provide valuable insights for development of appropriate intervention for prevention of SLT use among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthanro Ovung
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Saritha Nair
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Meena Hijam
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Sharmila Aheibam
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sagolsem Roshan Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Elsa Lumia Da Costa
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Saher Siddiqui
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Lucky Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kh. Jitenkumar Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nirendra Haobijam
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India.
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - M. Vishnu Vardhana Rao
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India.
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Singh I, Valavil Punnapuzha V, Mitsakakis N, Fu R, Chaiton M. A Machine Learning Approach Reveals Distinct Predictors of Vaping Dependence for Adolescent Daily and Non-Daily Vapers in the COVID-19 Era. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101465. [PMID: 37239751 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, there has been a substantial rise in e-cigarette (vaping) dependence among young people. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to identify the different predictors of vaping dependence over 3 months among adolescents who were baseline daily and non-daily vapers. We recruited ever-vaping Canadian residents aged 16-25 years on social media platforms and asked them to complete a baseline survey in November 2020. A validated vaping dependence score (0-23) summing up their responses to nine questions was calculated at the 3-month follow-up survey. Separate lasso regression models were developed to identify predictors of higher 3-month vaping dependence score among baseline daily and non-daily vapers. Of the 1172 participants, 643 (54.9%) were daily vapers with a mean age of 19.6 ± 2.6 years and 76.4% (n = 895) of them being female. The two models achieved adequate predictive performance. Place of last vape purchase, number of days a pod lasts, and the frequency of nicotine-containing vaping were the most important predictors for dependence among daily vapers, while race, sexual orientation and reporting treatment for heart disease were the most important predictors in non-daily vapers. These findings have implications for vaping control policies that target adolescents at different stages of vape use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmeet Singh
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Varna Valavil Punnapuzha
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mitsakakis
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Rui Fu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Michael Chaiton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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Mat Salleh R, Baharom N, Siau CS, Chan CMH, Amit N, Sia PY, Wee LH. E-Cigarette Users' Profiles and Their Association with Identified Impacts of COVID-19 on Vaping among Young Adults in Malaysia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030434. [PMID: 36767009 PMCID: PMC9914650 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) users' profiles and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore Malaysian EC users' profiles and their associations with related behaviors during the pandemic. The EC users (N = 351) were recruited from an official national vape entity. Respondents were predominantly of Malay ethnicity (90.6%), aged 31 to 35 years (27.6%), males (97.7%), married (68.7%), from Malaysia's west region states (63.5%) and tertiary educated (69.2%). The majority (80.3%) were non-dual users, and most purchased their vaping products online (77.2%), liked that they can vape while working at home (83.8%) and vaped more because of boredom (55.3%), had low and moderate nicotine addiction levels (94.9%), had low motivation level to quit EC use (92.6%) and were more likely to perceive that vaping did not increase the chances of complications from COVID-19. Respondents with moderate to high addiction levels had twice the odds of checking on their current EC supplies, whilst respondents with low motivation to quit had higher odds of using their tank/pod until the last drop and distancing from others when vaping. EC users should be encouraged to quit EC use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaida Mat Salleh
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nizam Baharom
- Primer Care Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yin Sia
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lei Hum Wee
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylors University Lakeside Campus, No. 1 Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or
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Ogwa OA, Abiola AO, Kanma-Okafor OJ, Olufunlayo TF, Shopeyin-Dosunmu AO, Akodu BA, Ogwa OD. Electronic cigarettes use in COVID-19 era among students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2023; 15:e1-e10. [PMID: 36744451 PMCID: PMC9900243 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular among undergraduate students in Nigeria with a tendency for escalation because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM The aim of this study was to assess electronic cigarette use in COVID-19 era among undergraduate students of a tertiary institution in Lagos state, Southwestern Nigeria. SETTING A tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria. METHODS The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a pretested, structured, close- and open-ended self-administered questionnaire used for collection of data on knowledge, attitude and use of e-cigarettes. RESULTS Data from 183 respondents were analysed. The mean age of respondents was 24.8 ± 3.38 years, most (63%) of whom were males. The prevalence of ever-use of e-cigarettes was 15.3% of which 60.7% reported increased use of e-cigarettes since the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, education, tribe and religion (p 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of use of e-cigarettes. CONCLUSION This study found an increase in the quantity of e-cigarettes used and online purchase of the same by respondents since the COVID-19 pandemic. Paying attention to the rate of use and having control measures in place for online purchase of e-cigarettes by youths in Nigeria may be necessary in the years to come.Contribution: This study addresses a gap in the availability of knowledge of use of e-cigarettes among a growing population of youths in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafunmike A. Ogwa
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Medical Services, Doctorkk Health International Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdulhakeem O. Abiola
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluchi J. Kanma-Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope F. Olufunlayo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Babatunde A. Akodu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omonigho D. Ogwa
- Department of Medical Services, Doctorkk Health International Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria
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Ogwa OA, Abiola AO, Kanma-Okafor OJ, Olufunlayo TF, Shopeyin-Dosunmu AO, Akodu BA, Ogwa OD. Electronic cigarettes use in COVID-19 era among students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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El-Hellani A, Soule EK, Daoud M, Salman R, El Hage R, Ardati O, El-Kaassamani M, Yassine A, Karaoghlanian N, Talih S, Saliba N, Shihadeh A. Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes. Tob Control 2022; 31:s245-s248. [PMID: 36328456 PMCID: PMC9664124 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some e-cigarette users may attempt to make their e-liquids (do-it-yourself, DIY). This study examined toxicant emissions from several aerosolised DIY e-liquids. METHODS DIY additives were identified by reviewing users' responses to a hypothetical flavour ban, e-cigarette internet forums and DIY mixing internet websites. They include essential oils, cannabidiol, sucralose and ethyl maltol. E-liquids with varying concentrations and combinations of additives and tobacco and menthol flavours were prepared and were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl and phenol emissions in machine-generated aerosols. RESULTS Data showed that adding DIY additives to unflavoured, menthol-flavoured or tobacco-flavoured e-liquids increases toxicant emissions to levels comparable with those from commercial flavoured e-liquids. Varying additive concentrations in e-liquids did not have a consistently significant effect on the tested emissions, yet increasing power yielded significantly higher ROS, carbonyl and phenol emissions for the same additive concentration. Adding nicotine to DIY e-liquids with sucralose yielded increase in some emissions and decrease in others, with freebase nicotine-containing e-liquid giving higher ROS emissions than that with nicotine salt. CONCLUSION This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad El-Hellani
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric K Soule
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mohammad Daoud
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Salman
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rachel El Hage
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ola Ardati
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak El-Kaassamani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amira Yassine
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nareg Karaoghlanian
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soha Talih
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Saliba
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alan Shihadeh
- Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beirut, Lebanon
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Shankar R, Bhattacharya V. Trends in Substance Use and Abuse During COVID-19 Among the General Population. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:296-308. [PMID: 37559794 PMCID: PMC10408753 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2022.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has brought many public health issues, including substance use and abuse. Individuals abusing substances are vulnerable to severe infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as impairment of the immune system, mental health, and physical health. Despite considerable efforts to minimize and prevent substance use, the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substances is ever increasing resulting in morbidity and mortality which significantly leads to socio-economic costs. METHODS A quantitative review of the literature searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases yielded a total of 1416 studies among which 27 cross-sectional studies, conducted on the general population of 15 and above years of age, were selected based on the eligibility criteria. FINDINGS A sample of 1,021,118 individuals were investigated in this study. The most commonly used substances were marijuana (100%), methadone (69.86%), and large cigar (60%). A total of 26 substances were reported to have been used during pandemic, 13 of which showed trends in usage (increased/decreased/no change). Of the total sample, 45.89% were males, 54.14% females, and 1.28% others. CONCLUSION Everyone and anyone is susceptible to alcohol, tobacco, and other substance use and abuse at different stages of their lives. Therefore, the need for effective preventive strategies is critical in community efforts to combat substance abuse. Combined efforts from local and global stakeholders will lead to curbing the issue of substance use and abuse worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Shankar
- Department of Public Health, The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, New Delhi, 110064, India
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Benowitz NL, Goniewicz ML, Halpern-Felsher B, Krishnan-Sarin S, Ling PM, O'Connor RJ, Pentz MA, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A. Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:900-915. [PMID: 35985357 PMCID: PMC9381032 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression underscores the urgent need to identify individual-level susceptibility factors that affect infection vulnerability and disease severity. Tobacco product use is a potential susceptibility factor. In this Personal View, we provide an overview of the findings of peer-reviewed, published studies relating tobacco product use to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes, with most studies focusing on cigarette smoking in adults. Findings pertaining to the effects of tobacco product use on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection are inconsistent. However, evidence supports a role for cigarette smoking in increasing the risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes, including hospital admission, progression in disease severity, and COVID-19-related mortality. We discuss the potential effects of tobacco use behaviour on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, and highlight the pathophysiological changes associated with cigarette smoking that could promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased disease severity. We consider the biological mechanisms by which nicotine and other tobacco product constituents might affect immune and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest priorities for research to address acute and post-acute health outcomes of COVID-19 during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela M Ling
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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11
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Silver N, Kierstead E, Tran B, Sparrock L, Vallone D, Schillo B. Belief and Recall of Nicotine as Therapeutic for COVID-19 May Undermine E-Cigarette Quitting Behavior. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:929-933. [PMID: 35848331 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We examine the proposition that misinformation about the therapeutic potential of nicotine to prevent or treat COVID-19 may lead to relapse among attempted e-cigarette quitters. A sample of N = 507 e-cigarette ever-users who reported at least one quit attempt in the past year were surveyed in June of 2021 for recall and belief in several claims about COVID-19 and nicotine. Participants who recalled and believed at least one misinformation claim were significantly more likely to have relapsed than those who did not recall or believe such claims. These differences remained robust to regression analysis adding demographic covariates and accounting for continuous measurement of recall and belief. Misinformation about e-cigarette use is reaching young adult e-cigarette users who are trying to quit. The implications of these findings merit further research to characterize potential barriers to successful e-cigarette cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Silver
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Bianca Tran
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey Sparrock
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donna Vallone
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,New York University, New York City, NY, USA
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12
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Jun J, Fitzpatrick MA, Zain A, Zhang N. Have E-cigarette Risk Perception and Cessation Intent of Young Adult Users Changed During the Pandemic? Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:304-314. [PMID: 35794763 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Emerging evidence indicates that young adults who use e-cigarettes can withhold greater exposure to COVID-19 risk. We examine how young e-cigarette users perceive COVID-19 related threat of e-cigarette use and benefit of cessation as compared to traditional ones, applying the health belief model. We investigate changes of such perceptions during the pandemic and their associations with past attempt and future intent to quit e-cigarette use. Methods: We collected responses from US young adults (aged 18-25) who have used e-cigarettes in the past month by conducting 2 waves of online surveys in 2020 (wave 1, N=165) and 2021 (wave 2, N=347). Results: Young e-cigarette users in wave 2 reported greater estimates of COVID-19 and traditional threat as well as COVID-19 and traditional benefit of quitting than wave 1. However, we also found significant increases of e-cig dependence, perceived barriers of quitting, and the percentage of young e-cigarette users (33%) who had never attempted to quit in the past month. Importantly, a COVID-19 benefit of cessation and efficacy of quitting were significantly associated with cessation intent. Conclusions: Ongoing efforts are required to track post-pandemic e-cigarette risk perceptions and behaviors, as well as to identify strategies to mitigate increased dependence and usage of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmi Jun
- Jungmi Jun, School of Journalism and Mass Communications, College of Information and Communications, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States;,
| | - Mary Anne Fitzpatrick
- Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, School of Journalism and Mass Communications, College of Information and Communications, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ali Zain
- Ali Zain, School of Journalism and Mass Communications, College of Information and Communications University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nanlan Zhang
- Nanlan Zhang, School of Journalism and Communication, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Chun HR, Cheon E, Hwang JE. Systematic review of changed smoking behaviour, smoking cessation and psychological states of smokers according to cigarette type during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055179. [PMID: 35701057 PMCID: PMC9198387 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the global COVID-19 pandemic has increased interest in research involving high-risk smokers, studies examining changed smoking behaviours, cessation intentions and associated psychological states among smokers are still scarce. This study aimed to systematically review the literature related to this subject. DESIGN A systematic review of published articles on cigarettes and COVID-19-related topics DATA SOURCES: Our search was conducted in January 2021. We used the keywords COVID-19, cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and psychological factors in PubMed and ScienceDirect and found papers published between January and December 2020. DATA SELECTION We included articles in full text, written in English, and that surveyed adults. The topics included smoking behaviour, smoking cessation, psychological state of smokers and COVID-19-related topics. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Papers of low quality, based on quality assessment, were excluded. Thirteen papers were related to smoking behaviour, nine papers were related to smoking cessation and four papers were related to psychological states of smokers. RESULTS Owing to the COVID-19 lockdown, cigarette users were habituated to purchasing large quantities of cigarettes in advance. Additionally, cigarette-only users increased their attempts and willingness to quit smoking, compared with e-cigarette-only users. CONCLUSIONS Owing to the COVID-19 outbreak, the intention to quit smoking was different among smokers, according to cigarette type (cigarette-only users, e-cigarette-only users and dual users). With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, policies and campaigns to increase smoking cessation intentions and attempts to quit smoking among smokers at high risk of COVID-19 should be implemented. Additionally, e-cigarette-only users with poor health-seeking behaviour require interventions to increase the intention to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryoung Chun
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Cheon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Hwang
- College of health science, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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14
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Silver NA, Kierstead EC, Briggs J, Schillo B. Charming e-cigarette users with distorted science: a survey examining social media platform use, nicotine-related misinformation and attitudes towards the tobacco industry. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057027. [PMID: 35649587 PMCID: PMC9160585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of social media in promoting recall and belief of distorted science about nicotine and COVID-19 and whether recall and belief predict tobacco industry beliefs. DESIGN Young adults aged 18-34 years (N=1225) were surveyed cross-sectionally via online Qualtrics panel. The survey assessed recall and belief in three claims about nicotine and COVID-19 and three about nicotine in general followed by assessments of industry beliefs and use of social media. Ordinal logistic regression with robust standard errors controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, education, current e-cigarette use and age was used to examine relationships between variables. RESULTS Twitter use was associated with higher odds of recall (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.01 to 1.44) and belief (OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.52) in COVID-19-specific distorted science. YouTube use was associated with higher odds of believing COVID-19-specific distorted science (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.09 to 1.60). Reddit use was associated with lower odds of believing COVID-19-specific distorted science (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.59 to 0.88). Recall (OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.47) and belief (OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.09 to 1.50) in distorted science about nicotine in general as well as belief in distorted science specific to COVID-19 (OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.34 to 1.95) were associated with more positive beliefs about the tobacco industry. Belief in distorted science about nicotine in general was also associated with more negative beliefs about the tobacco industry (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.02 to 1.35). CONCLUSIONS Use of social media platforms may help to both spread and dispel distorted science about nicotine. Addressing distorted science about nicotine is important, as it appears to be associated with more favourable views of the tobacco industry which may erode public support for effective regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Silver
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elexis C Kierstead
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jodie Briggs
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Barbara Schillo
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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15
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Walker MW, Navarro M, Roditis M, Dineva A(N. Adolescent risk perceptions of ENDS use: Room for change in tobacco education. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101719. [PMID: 35127368 PMCID: PMC8804259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Walker
- US Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mario Navarro
- US Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, USA
| | - Maria Roditis
- National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch, USA
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16
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Kalkhoran SM, Levy DE, Rigotti NA. Smoking and E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:341-349. [PMID: 34756629 PMCID: PMC8492610 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With concerns about tobacco use being a risk factor for severe disease from COVID-19, understanding nicotine- and tobacco-use patterns is important for preventive efforts. This study aims to understand changes in combustible cigarette and E-cigarette use among U.S. adults. METHODS In August 2020, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in the National Opinion Research Center's AmeriSpeak Panel who reported past 6-month use of combustible cigarettes or E-cigarettes was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the factors associated with increased product use and quit attempts since hearing about COVID-19. RESULTS A total of 1,024 past 6-month cigarette smokers/E-cigarette users were surveyed. Among cigarette smokers, 45% reported no change in cigarette smoking, and 33% reported increased cigarette smoking since hearing about COVID-19. Higher stress was associated with increased cigarette smoking. Among E-cigarette users, 41% reported no change in E-cigarette use, and 23% reported increasing E-cigarette use. A total of 26% of cigarette smokers and 41% of E-cigarette users tried to quit because of COVID-19. Higher perceived risk of COVID-19 was associated with attempts to quit combustible cigarettes (AOR=2.37, 95% CI=1.59, 3.55) and E-cigarettes (AOR=3.14, 95% CI=1.73, 5.70). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette and E-cigarette use patterns varied in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most cigarette smokers and E-cigarette users perceived product use as increasing COVID-19‒related health risks, and this was associated with attempts to quit. Some cigarette smokers, especially those reporting higher stress, increased product use. Proactive provision of cessation support to smokers and E-cigarette users may help mitigate the stress-related increases in product use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Kalkhoran
- From the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Tobacco Research & Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Tobacco Research & Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy A Rigotti
- From the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Tobacco Research & Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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17
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Denlinger-Apte R, Suerken CK, Ross JC, Reboussin BA, Spangler J, Wagoner KG, Sutfin EL. Decreases in smoking and vaping during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders among a cohort of young adults in the United States. Prev Med 2022; 156:106992. [PMID: 35149114 PMCID: PMC8824729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Spring 2020, most US states and territories implemented stay-at-home orders to slow transmission of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2, the cause of COVID-19. Little is known about the impact of stay-at-home orders on tobacco and nicotine use including among young adults. The current study examined participants (N = 1727) completing three recent survey waves from a longitudinal cohort of young adults recruited in 2010 from North Carolina and Virginia, USA: Wave 13 (Spring 2019), Wave 14 (Fall 2019), and Wave 15 (Spring 2020) to assess changes in cigarette and e-cigarette use. We conducted logistic regression analyses to compare the odds that participants reported smoking or vaping in Wave 14 relative to Wave 13 to establish if there was a trend of use pre-pandemic. Then, we conducted logistic regression analyses to compare the odds that participants reported smoking or vaping in Wave 15 relative to Wave 14 to determine the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. When comparing the odds of reporting tobacco use at Wave 14 to Wave 13, no differences emerged (p > 0.05). However, when comparing tobacco use at Wave 15 to Wave 14, participants had 40% lower odds of reporting past 30-day cigarette use (p = 0.02) and 50% lower odds of reporting past 30-day e-cigarette use (p < 0.01). The current study provides initial evidence that young adults may have reduced their tobacco and nicotine use during the stay-at-home orders. However, more work is needed to determine the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use and cessation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Denlinger-Apte
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Cynthia K Suerken
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - John Spangler
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Kimberly G Wagoner
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Erin L Sutfin
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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18
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Clendennen SL, Case KR, Sumbe A, Mantey DS, Mason EJ, Harrell MB. Stress, Dependence, and COVID-19-related Changes in Past 30-day Marijuana, Electronic Cigarette, and Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211067439. [PMID: 34987299 PMCID: PMC8721399 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211067439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show smoking and vaping behaviors increase risk of contracting and worse symptoms of COVID-19. This study examines whether past 30-day youth and young adult users of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes self-reported changes in their use of these substances due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and cross-sectional associations between perceived stress, nicotine or marijuana dependence, and COVID-19-related changes in use. METHODS Participants were 709 past 30-day self-reported substance users from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study (TATAMS; mean age = 19; 58% female; 38% Hispanic, 35% white). Multiple logistic regression models assessed cross-sectional associations between perceived stress and dependence and increased, decreased, or sustained past 30-day use of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes due to COVID-19 (e.g., "Has your marijuana use changed due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"). Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES), dependence (exposure: stress), and stress (exposure: dependence). RESULTS Most participants reported sustained (41%, 43%, 49%) or increased (37%, 34%, 25%) use of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes due to COVID-19, respectively. Participants who reported symptoms of dependence were significantly more likely than their non-dependent peers to report increasing their marijuana (AOR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.15-2.39) and e-cigarette (AOR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.38-4.77) use. Those who reported higher perceived stress were significantly more likely to report increasing their marijuana use (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01-2.42). CONCLUSIONS Most youth and young adults did not decrease their substance use amid a global, respiratory disease pandemic. Health messaging and interventions that address the health effects of smoking and vaping as well as factors like stress and dependence that may be barriers to decreasing use are vital in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA,Stephanie L. Clendennen, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA. Email:
| | - Kathleen R Case
- Center for Research to Advance Community Health (ReACH), UTHealth San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dale S Mantey
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Emily J Mason
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
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19
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Maloney SF, Combs M, Scholtes RL, Underwood M, Kilgalen B, Soule EK, Breland AB. Impacts of COVID-19 on cigarette use, smoking behaviors, and tobacco purchasing behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109144. [PMID: 34768140 PMCID: PMC8577861 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact. As a respiratory illness, COVID-19 may pose unique risks to cigarette smokers. This study used concept mapping, a mixed-method participatory approach, to identify impacts of COVID-19 on cigarette smokers. METHODS Cigarette smokers across the United States (U.S.) were recruited to complete this online, multi-step study. Of the 126 participants who were invited to participate in this study, 91 participants (mean age = 40.9; SD = 11.3) completed at least one of the three study tasks (i.e., brainstorming, sorting, and rating). Participants completed a brief demographic survey and brainstormed statements that completed a focus prompt: "A specific way that Coronavirus/COVID-19 has impacted/affected my cigarette use, smoking behaviors, tobacco purchasing behaviors, and/or other tobacco-related behaviors is." After duplicate statements were removed, participants sorted the final list of 87 statements by similarity of content and rated how true statements were from them (1-Definitely NOT true to 7-Definitely true). RESULTS Nine thematic clusters were identified: Smoking More, Smoking to Cope/Reduce Stress, Change in Smoking Behaviors Due to COVID-19, Concerns about Smoking and COVID-19 Risk, Social Impacts, Maintaining and Rationing Cigarette Supply, Impacts on Obtaining Cigarettes, Use of Other Tobacco Products/Drugs, and Minimal/No Impacts/Concerns of COVID-19. The highest rated cluster (i.e., most true) was the Smoking More cluster followed by the Concerns about Smoking and COVID-19 Risk cluster. The highest rated statement in the study was the statement "Smoking keeps me calm". CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smokers may endure additional impacts of COVID-19, such as increased COVID-19 health burdens, stressors related to risk of exposure, social stigma and isolation, financial burdens, and increased toxicant exposure from increased smoking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Maloney
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100W. Franklin St. Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Madison Combs
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100W. Franklin St. Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Rebecca Lester Scholtes
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100W. Franklin St. Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Megan Underwood
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100W. Franklin St. Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Barbara Kilgalen
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100W. Franklin St. Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Eric K Soule
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 1000 East 1st Street, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alison B Breland
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 100W. Franklin St. Suite 200, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
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20
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Cruz-Cárdenas J, Zabelina E, Guadalupe-Lanas J, Palacio-Fierro A, Ramos-Galarza C. COVID-19, consumer behavior, technology, and society: A literature review and bibliometric analysis. TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 2021; 173:121179. [PMID: 34511647 PMCID: PMC8418327 DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis is among the most disruptive events in recent decades. Its profound consequences have garnered the interest of many studies in various disciplines, including consumer behavior, thereby warranting an effort to review and systematize the literature. Thus, this study systematizes the knowledge generated by 70 COVID-19 and consumer behavior studies in the Scopus database. It employs descriptive analysis, highlighting the importance of using quantitative methods and China and the US as research settings. Co-occurrence analysis further identified various thematic clusters among the studies. The input-process-output consumer behavior model guided the systematic review, covering several psychological characteristics and consumer behaviors. Accordingly, measures adopted by governments, technology, and social media stand out as external factors. However, revised marketing strategies have been oriented toward counteracting various consumer risks. Hence, given that technological and digital formats mark consumer behavior, firms must incorporate digital transformations in their process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cruz-Cárdenas
- Research Center in Business, Society, and Technology, ESTec, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla s/n, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
- School of Administrative and Economic Science, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla s/n, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ekaterina Zabelina
- Department of Psychology, Chelyabinsk State University, Bratiev Kashirinykh 129, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Jorge Guadalupe-Lanas
- Research Center in Business, Society, and Technology, ESTec, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla s/n, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
- School of Administrative and Economic Science, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla s/n, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Palacio-Fierro
- School of Administrative and Economic Science, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla s/n, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
- Programa doctoral en Ciencias Jurídicas y Económicas, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Castillo de Alarcón, 49, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ramos-Galarza
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076, 170523, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación MIST, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla s/n, 170301 Quito, Ecuador
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Al-Tammemi AB, Barakat M, Al Tamimi D, Alhallaq SA, Al Hasan DM, Khasawneh GM, Naqera KA, Jaradat RM, Farah FW, Al-Maqableh HO, Abuawad A, Othman B, Tarhini Z, Odeh H, Khatatbeh M, Akour A, Aljaberi MA, Kolozsvári LR. Beliefs Toward Smoking and COVID-19, and the Pandemic Impact on Smoking Behavior and Quit Intention: Findings from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211053022. [PMID: 34866951 PMCID: PMC8637701 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211053022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between smoking and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still topical with mixed epidemiological evidence. However, the pandemic may affect people's beliefs toward smoking as well as their smoking behavior and quit intentions. Considering high smoking rates in Jordan, our current study aimed to assess the following domains in a community-based sample from Jordan: (i) the beliefs that surround smoking/vaping and COVID-19 and (ii) the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan from March 9 to March 16, 2021, utilizing a web-based structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 13 items on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CCs), waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (ECs), and 12 items to assess the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. RESULTS Of 2424 survey respondents who participated in our study, there were 1163 never-smokers, 1044 current smokers, and 217 ex-smokers. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years (SD: 11.06). Most participants have reported anti-smoking beliefs with around 72.9% believed that WP smoking is related to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Also, 71.7% believed that smoking CC may worsen the COVID-19 clinical course, while 74.1% of respondents believed that smoking has no protective effect against COVID-19. During the pandemic, about 28.1% and 19.3% of current smokers reported increased or reduced smoking, respectively. Besides, 459 current smokers have expressed their plans/intention to quit smoking during the pandemic, of whom 27.5% (n = 126) confirmed that the driving force for their decision is a COVID-19-related reason, such as self-protection (n = 123) and protection of family members (n = 121) which were the most cited reasons. Also, around 63 participants have successfully ceased smoking during the pandemic. However, only 22 of them reported that the main driving motivation of their successful quit attempt was the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Most participants' beliefs and attitudes were against smoking during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the double-edged effect of the pandemic on smoking habits should be carefully considered, and reliable anti-smoking measures should be strengthened and sustained in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Tamimi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Princess Muna College of Nursing, Mutah University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami A Alhallaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, King Hussein Medical City, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima M Al Hasan
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghena M Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalil Abu Naqera
- Department of Health, The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Jordan Field Office, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raghad M Jaradat
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Medical City, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi W Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Basheer Hospital, Jordanian Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hindya O Al-Maqableh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Abuawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zeinab Tarhini
- CAPTuR Laboratory, Control of Cell Activation in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance, Limoges, France
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Hamza Odeh
- International Medical Corps (IMC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Musheer A Aljaberi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - László Róbert Kolozsvári
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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22
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Vaping and COVID-19 Risk: Perceived link and its correlates among at-risk adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101598. [PMID: 34660184 PMCID: PMC8503971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that a significant number of adolescents and young adults quit vaping or reduced the amount of nicotine consumed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of evidence on adolescent risk perceptions regarding the link between vaping and susceptibility to contracting COVID-19. This study examined the level of perceived COVID-19 risk due to vaping among at-risk adolescents. A sample (N = 1,251) of adolescents aged 13 to 17 and susceptible to future vaping were recruited through Qualtrics to participate in an online survey. More than two thirds of the sample (68.34%) reported that vaping would increase one’s risk of contracting COVID-19. Ordinal logistic regression showed that this risk perception was positively associated with perceived prevalence of vaping among peers (AOR = 1.186, 95%CI = 1.019–1.382) and prior exposure to vaping product advertising (AOR = 1.371, 95%CI = 1.221–1.539), and negatively associated with past 30-day vaping (AOR = 0.579, 95%CI = 0.406-0.825) and number of closest friends who vaped (AOR = 0.873, 95%CI = 0.779-0.978). Further analysis stratified by past 30-day vaping showed that, among those who vaped in the past 30 days, vaping-related covid risk perception was positively associated with susceptibility to future vaping (AOR = 1.562, 95%CI = 1.161–2.101) and sensation-seeking (AOR = 1.212, 95%CI = 1.003–1.463). These results are open to different interpretations because of the cross-sectional nature of the data. Additional research is needed to better understand the observed relationships and their implications for vaping prevention during the pandemic.
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23
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AL-Qaysi WW, Abdulla FH. Analytical methods for the identification of micro/nano metals in e-cigarette emission samples: a review. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2021; 75:6169-6180. [PMID: 34421189 PMCID: PMC8370834 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this review, numerous analytical methods to quantify the heavy and trace elements emitted from electronic cigarettes, cigarettes liquid and atomizer. The selection of a method was dependent upon the purpose, e.g., quantification or identification of elements only. The introductory part of this review focuses on describing the importance of setting up an electronic cigarettes- associated safety profile. The review dealt with studies that assessed elements in sizes ranging from nano to micro. The formation of different degradation chemical substances as well as impurity trends can be indicated through chemical investigation of metals in electronic cigarettes. Some studies have been covered that show the uses and benefits of. It is noticeable from all the collected sources that the minerals emitted from the smoke of e- cigs do not constitute any significant damage, as the percentage is very small, with the exception of minerals that may be emitted from the components of the device after heating it if the components of the e- cig are of poor specifications, except in the case of long-term accumulation. For this reason, an electronic cigarette can help smokers to quit smoking tobacco and replace it with electronic cigarettes smoke with distinctive flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Waleed AL-Qaysi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya campus, 10071 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Fatma H. Abdulla
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya campus, 10071 Baghdad, Iraq
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24
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Bar-Zeev Y. Commentary on Simons et al. Public health implications of the suggested association between nicotine, smoking and infection with SARS-CoV-2. Addiction 2021; 116:1369-1370. [PMID: 33368844 DOI: 10.1111/add.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Bar-Zeev
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Masso-Silva JA, Moshensky A, Shin J, Olay J, Nilaad S, Advani I, Bojanowski CM, Crotty S, Li WT, Ongkeko WM, Singla S, Crotty Alexander LE. Chronic E-Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation Alters the Immune State of the Lungs and Increases ACE2 Expression, Raising Concern for Altered Response and Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Front Physiol 2021; 12:649604. [PMID: 34122126 PMCID: PMC8194307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional smoking is known to both increase susceptibility to infection and drive inflammation within the lungs. Recently, smokers have been found to be at higher risk of developing severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). E-cigarette aerosol inhalation (vaping) has been associated with several inflammatory lung disorders, including the recent e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic, and recent studies have suggested that vaping alters host susceptibility to pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To assess the impact of vaping on lung inflammatory pathways, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor known to be involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols for 60 min daily for 1-6 months and underwent gene expression analysis. Hierarchical clustering revealed extensive gene expression changes occurred in the lungs of both inbred C57BL/6 mice and outbred CD1 mice, with 2,933 gene expression changes in C57BL/6 mice, and 2,818 gene expression changes in CD1 mice (>abs 1.25-fold change). Particularly, large reductions in IgA and CD4 were identified, indicating impairment of host responses to pathogens via reductions in immunoglobulins and CD4 T cells. CD177, facmr, tlr9, fcgr1, and ccr2 were also reduced, consistent with diminished host defenses via decreased neutrophils and/or monocytes in the lungs. Gene set enrichment (GSE) plots demonstrated upregulation of gene expression related to cell activation specifically in neutrophils. As neutrophils are a potential driver of acute lung injury in COVID-19, increased neutrophil activation in the lungs suggests that vapers are at higher risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19. The receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells, ACE2, was found to have moderate upregulation in mice exposed to unflavored vape pens, and further upregulation (six-fold) with JUUL mint aerosol exposure. No changes were found in mice exposed to unflavored Mod device-generated aerosols. These findings suggest that specific vaping devices and components of e-liquids have an effect on ACE2 expression, thus potentially increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, exposure to e-cigarette aerosols both with and without nicotine led to alterations in eicosanoid lipid profiles within the BAL. These data demonstrate that chronic, daily inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols fundamentally alters the inflammatory and immune state of the lungs. Thus, e-cigarette vapers may be at higher risk of developing infections and inflammatory disorders of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Masso-Silva
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Moshensky
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Shin
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jarod Olay
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sedtavut Nilaad
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ira Advani
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christine M. Bojanowski
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shane Crotty
- Department of Medicine, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura E. Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, United States
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26
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Underner M, Peiffer G, Perriot J, Jaafari N. [COVID-19 and changes in electronic cigarette use]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:859-862. [PMID: 34092449 PMCID: PMC8141721 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Underner
- Unité de recherche clinique, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - G Peiffer
- Service de pneumologie, CHR Metz-Thionville, 57038 Metz, France
| | - J Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de tabacologie, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Jaafari
- Unité de recherche clinique, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
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27
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Yingst JM, Krebs NM, Bordner CR, Hobkirk AL, Allen SI, Foulds J. Tobacco Use Changes and Perceived Health Risks among Current Tobacco Users during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041795. [PMID: 33673207 PMCID: PMC7917755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, with over 81 million cases worldwide. To assess changes in tobacco use as a result of the pandemic, we surveyed a convenience sample of current tobacco users between April and June 2020. The sample was taken from a tobacco user research registry (n = 3396) from the Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. Participants who responded to the survey and were eligible for this study (n = 291) were 25.6% male, 93% white, and had a mean age of 47.3 (SD = 11.6) years. There were no reports of participants testing positive for COVID-19, but 21.7% reported experiencing symptoms associated with the virus. Most participants (67%) believed that their risk of contracting COVID-19 was the same as non-tobacco users, but 57.7% believed that their risk of serious complications, if infected, was greater compared to non-tobacco users. A total of 28% reported increasing their cigarette use during the pandemic. The most common reasons for increased use were increased stress, more time at home, and boredom while quarantined. Nearly 15% reported decreasing their tobacco use. The most common reasons for reduced use were health concerns and more time around non-smokers (including children). A total of 71 (24.5%) users reported making a quit attempt. Characterizing these pandemic-related changes in tobacco use may be important to understanding the full scope of subsequent health outcomes resulting from the pandemic. Tobacco cessation resources should be tailored to allow for safe, appropriate access for those interested in quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Yingst
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.M.K.); (C.R.B.); (A.L.H.); (S.I.A.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-717-531-4637
| | - Nicolle M. Krebs
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.M.K.); (C.R.B.); (A.L.H.); (S.I.A.); (J.F.)
| | - Candace R. Bordner
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.M.K.); (C.R.B.); (A.L.H.); (S.I.A.); (J.F.)
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Andrea L. Hobkirk
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.M.K.); (C.R.B.); (A.L.H.); (S.I.A.); (J.F.)
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sophia I. Allen
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.M.K.); (C.R.B.); (A.L.H.); (S.I.A.); (J.F.)
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (N.M.K.); (C.R.B.); (A.L.H.); (S.I.A.); (J.F.)
- Center for Research on Tobacco and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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28
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The Perceived Impact of COVID-19 among Treatment-Seeking Smokers: A Mixed Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020505. [PMID: 33435462 PMCID: PMC7826630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral health, including tobacco use, are not fully known. The current study sought to measure the perceived impact of COVID-19 and the resulting stay-at-home orders in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Buffalo, New York on smokers enrolled in four smoking cessation trials between March 2020 and July 2020. The survey collected quantitative data regarding life changes due to COVID-19, health/exposure status, and the impact on their cessation attempt (e.g., motivation to quit, change in triggers). The questionnaire collected qualitative data to better understand how such changes could explain changes in smoking behavior. Of the 42 participants surveyed, approximately half indicated that COVID-19 changed their motivation and ability to quit or remain quit. Among those who reported that it was easier to quit following the stay-at-home orders (n = 24), most attributed this to concerns regarding the severity of COVID-19 among smokers. Among those who reported more difficulty quitting (n = 15), most attributed this to their increased stress due to the pandemic and the inability to access activities, places, or people that could help them manage triggers. Given public health warnings of continued surges in COVID-19, these data provide insight into who may benefit from further smoking cessation support should existing restrictions or new stay-at-home orders be enacted.
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29
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Soule EK, Kheradmand F, Eissenberg T. Health practitioners should caution about misinformation and association of adverse effects of electronic cigarette use and COVID-19. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101255. [PMID: 33251095 PMCID: PMC7686755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Soule
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, & Michael E. DeBakey VA Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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