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Park YJ, Kim HY, Gil TY, Kim HJ, Jin JS, Cha YY, An HJ. Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson ameliorates white adipogenesis by upregulating AMPK and SIRT1 in vitro and in vivo. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27600. [PMID: 38515723 PMCID: PMC10955265 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Although there is an established link between Magnolia Cortex (MO) and lipid metabolism in previous research, its exploration within the context of obesity has been limited. Therefore, the present study investigated the therapeutic effects of MO on obesity and its mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. Our chromatography analysis revealed that Honokiol and Magnolol are contained in MO extract. In vitro experiments showed that lipid droplets, adipogenic, and lipogenic genes were notably diminished by increasing sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) protein expression in MO-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vivo experiments exhibited that MO administration significantly recovered the adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation genes by increasing the SIRT1 and AMPK expression in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, hepatic steatosis by HFD feeding was ameliorated in MO-administered obese mice. We conclude that MO could be important manager for treating obesity through AMPK and SIRT1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Gil
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Al-Qudah MMA. Antibacterial effect of Asphodelus fistulosus aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts on gram positive and gram negative bacteria. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e260029. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Asphodelus fistulosus (A. fistulosus) is a wild plant grows in Jordan. Traditionally, it is used to treat different medical conditions and diseases such as respiratory ailments, against burns and dermatomucosal infections.This study aims to find out the effects of A. fistulosus aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts on Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as gram negative bacteria and to investigate which one will be affected either by aqueous and/or ethanolic crude extracts of A. fistulosus shooting parts that were collected from Jerash in the north of Jordan. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts. In addition, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) as well as MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined against both types of bacteria. The results showed that flower aqueous extract of A. fistulosus was very effective against E. coli (20.0 ± 0.50) mm and caused a (14.0 ± 0.50) mm inhibition to S. aureus. The ethanolic extract of stem was very effective cauesed a (19.0 ± 0.50) mm inhibition in both bacterial species. Respectively, both S. aureus and E. coli were inhibited by ethanolic and aqueous extracts (mixture1 and mixture2) (15.0 ± 0.00 mm and 10.5 ± 0.50 mm). The highest antimbacterial activity was observed for the leaves aqueous extract against E.coli (0.06120 mg/mL). The obtained MIC values from A. fistulosus parts extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity ranged between 7.606 and 0.06120 mg/mL. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded in the leaves aqueous extract against E. coli.The MBC value of stem aqueous extract was 5.00 mg/mL against both S. aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves gave MBC values 5.00 mg/mL, and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively, against E. coli.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is good inhibitory effect of aqueous and ethanolic of A. fistulosus shooting parts extracts on growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Adding to that, stem ethanolic extract has the most effective against S. aureus while aqueous extract of flower has the most effective against E. coli.So, it is recommended to have further future studies on the A. fistulosus shooting parts crude extract bioactive components and the mechanism of how these constituents affect these types of bacteria.
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Wakid MH, Alsulami MN, Farid M, El Kholy WA. Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Efficiency of Phoenix dactylifera Extracts Loaded on Selenium Nanoparticles. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7743-7758. [PMID: 38144223 PMCID: PMC10749168 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s443047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that infects humans and many types of mammals and birds. Objective To investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Phoenix dactylifera (Pd) extracts loaded on SeNPs as a new agent to combat chronic T. gondii infections in murine model as an alternative method to standard Spiramycin drug therapy. Methods A total of 64 female mice were randomly divided into eight groups: GI: Normal control, GII: Positive control, GIII: infected and treated with Spiramycin, GIV: infected and treated with SeNPs, GV: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd, GVI: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd, GVII: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs, GVIII: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs. Date palm (P. dactylifera) fruits were identified and collected from the farms of Saudi Arabia. Preparation and characterization of SeNPs were done. The parasitological, histopathological examinations and biochemical changes were evaluated in all groups. Results Parasitological results showed significant differences in GVII in comparison to GII while GVIII showed significant differences in comparison to GII and GIII. The histopathological section of the cerebral cortex showed obvious alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. dactylifera loaded on SeNPs treatment showed improvement that indicated by few perivascular cuffing with few inflammatory cell infiltrations. Few granule cells with mild intracellular vacuolation and edema few deformed neurons with deep pyknotic nuclei. Microglia cells expression of Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ) in serum of all groups was higher in GII and lowest in GVIII followed by GVII. Conclusion SeNPs and P. dactylifera extracts loaded on SeNPs could be a potent agent to combat T. gondii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farid
- Sciences Academy of Experimental Researches, Special Scientific Foundation, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El Kholy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abu Safe FA, Badr AN, Shehata MG, El-Sayyad GS. Antimicrobial and anti-aflatoxigenic activities of nanoemulsions based on Achillea millefolium and Crocus sativus flower extracts as green promising agents for food preservatives. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37805450 PMCID: PMC10559460 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the mechanism of action of nanoemulsion is still unclear, the modern use of nanoemulsions made from natural extracts as antimicrobial and anti-aflatoxigenic agents represents a potential food preservation and a safety target. METHODS Two natural nanoemulsion extracts of Crocus sativus (the saffron flower) and Achillea millefolium (the yarrow flower) were produced in the current study using a low-energy method that included carboxymethylcellulose and Arabic gum. The synthesized nanoemulsion was fully identified by different analytical methods. Detection of the volatile content was completed using GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant potential, and phenolic compounds content were analyzed in the extractions. The synthesized nanoemulsions were screened for their antimicrobial potential in addition to their anti-aflatoxigenic activity. RESULTS The droplet size of Saffron flowers was finer (121.64 ± 2.18 nm) than yarrow flowers (151.21 ± 1.12 nm). The Zeta potential measurements of the yarrow flower (-16.31 ± 2.54 mV) and the saffron flower (-18.55 ± 2.31 mV) both showed high stability, along with low PDI values (0.34-0.41). The nanoemulsion of yarrow flower revealed 51 compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), with hexanal (16.25%), β-Pinene (7.41%), β-Myrcene (5.24%), D-Limonene (5.58%) and Caryophyllene (4.38%) being the most prevalent. Additionally, 31 compounds were detected in the saffron nanoemulsion, with D-limonene (4.89%), isophorone (12.29%), 4-oxy isophorone (8.19%), and safranal (44.84%) being the most abundant. Compared to the nanoemulsion of the yarrow flower, the saffron nanoemulsion had good antibacterial and antifungal activity. Saffron nanoemulsion inhibited total fungal growth by 69.64-71.90% in a simulated liquid medium and demonstrated the most significant decrease in aflatoxin production. Infected strawberry fruits coated with nanoemulsion extracts exhibited high antimicrobial activity in the form of saffron flower and yarrow flower extract nanoemulsions, which inhibited and/or controlled the growth of Aspergillus fungi. Due to this inhibition, the lag phase was noticeably prolonged, the cell load decreased, and the stability time increased. CONCLUSION This study will contribute to expanding the theoretical research and utilization of nanoemulsions as green protective agents in agricultural and food industries for a promising protection from the invasion of some pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriala A Abu Safe
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Shehata
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 6th October city, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Lab, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Duque-Soto C, Ruiz-Vargas A, Rueda-Robles A, Quirantes-Piné R, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J. Bioactive Potential of Aqueous Phenolic Extracts of Spices for Their Use in the Food Industry-A Systematic Review. Foods 2023; 12:3031. [PMID: 37628030 PMCID: PMC10453399 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest on the use of natural sources in the food industry has promoted the study of plants' phenolic compounds as potential additives. However, the literature has been focusing on essential oils, with very few studies published regarding aqueous extracts, their phenolic composition, and bioactivity. A systematic review was conducted on different databases following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the relevance of the phenolic content of different aromatic spices (oregano, rosemary, thyme, ginger, clove, and pepper), as related to their bioactivity and potential application as food additives. Although different extraction methods have been applied in the literature, the use of green approaches using ethanol and deep eutectic solvents has increased, leading to the development of products more apt for human consumption. The studied plants present an interesting phenolic profile, ranging from phenolic acids to flavonoids, establishing a correlation between their phenolic content and bioactivity. In this sense, results have proven to be very promising, presenting those extracts as having similar if not higher bioactivity than synthetic additives already in use, with associated health concerns. Nevertheless, the study of spices' phenolic extracts is somehow limited to in vitro studies. Therefore, research in food matrices is needed for more understanding of factors interfering with their preservation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (A.R.-V.); (A.R.-R.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Ana Ruiz-Vargas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (A.R.-V.); (A.R.-R.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (A.R.-V.); (A.R.-R.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, Edificio BioRegión, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (A.R.-V.); (A.R.-R.); (J.L.-S.)
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Matotoka MM, Mashabela GT, Masoko P. Phytochemical Content, Antibacterial Activity, and Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Effects of Traditional Medicinal Plants against Respiratory Tract Bacterial Pathogens. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:1243438. [PMID: 37293600 PMCID: PMC10247327 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1243438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are frequent ailments among humans and are a high burden on public health. This study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects of indigenous medicinal plants used in the treatment of RTIs, namely, Senna petersiana, Gardenia volkensii, Acacia senegal, and Clerodendrum glabrum. Dried leaves were extracted using various organic solvents. Antibacterial activity was quantified using the microbroth dilution assay. Protein denaturation assays were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. The cytotoxicity of the extracts towards THP-1 macrophages was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antioxidant activity was determined using free radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing power. Total polyphenolics were quantified. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the acetone plant extracts. Nonpolar extracts had noteworthy antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium smegmatis where MIC values ranged between 0.16 and 0.63 mg/mL. At 100 μg/mL, A. senegal, G. volkensii, and S. petersiana had a nonsignificant effect on the viability of the THP-1 macrophages. The LC-MS analysis of the leaf extracts of S. petersiana detected Columnidin, Hercynine, L-Lysine citrate, and Gamma-Linolenate. A pentacyclic triterpenoid, cochalate, was detected in G. volkensii. Two flavonoids 7-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-chroman-5-olate and (3R)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-chroman-5-olate were detected in the C. glabrum extract. The findings from this study indicated that the leaves of the selected plant extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. Therefore, they may serve as good candidates for further pharmaceutical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashilo M. Matotoka
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Gabriel T. Mashabela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Peter Masoko
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
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Martins-Gomes C, Steck J, Keller J, Bunzel M, Santos JA, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030668. [PMID: 36978915 PMCID: PMC10045533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus carnosus Boiss. is a near-threatened species, and, as for many species, its potential for medicinal purposes may be lost if measures towards plant protection are not taken. A way of preserving these species is to increase knowledge about their medicinal properties and economic potential. Thus, with the objective of studying the potentiality of introducing T. carnosus as a crop, the stability of the phytochemical profile of T. carnosus was studied during a period of three years by comparing the phytochemical profile of extracts obtained from plants harvested in two different edaphoclimatic locations, as well as by comparing the respective bioactivities, namely, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiaging, and neuroprotective activities. It was reported, for the first time, the effect of annual variation and geographic location in the phytochemical composition of aqueous decoction and hydroethanolic extracts of T. carnosus. In addition, the presence of two salvianolic acid B/E isomers in T. carnosus extracts is here described for the first time. Despite the variations in phytochemical composition, according to harvesting location or year, T. carnosus extracts maintain high antioxidant activity, assessed by their capacity to scavenge ABTS•+, •OH , NO•, O2•- radicals, as well as to prevent β-carotene bleaching. All extracts presented significant potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase, denoting neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic potential. In conclusion, the vegetative stage and location of harvest are key factors to obtain the maximum potential of this species, namely, a phytochemical profile with health benefit bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jan Steck
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - João A Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, ECVA, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Sirovec S, Tušek AJ, Benković M, Valinger D, Cvetnić TS, Kljusurić JG, Jurina T. Emulsification of Rosemary and Oregano Aqueous Extracts and Their In Vitro Bioavailability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3372. [PMID: 36501410 PMCID: PMC9736180 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their richness in phenolic compounds, Mediterranean plants such as rosemary and oregano are increasingly recommended for consumption for their numerous health benefits. The pH shift and the presence of digestive enzymes significantly reduce the bioavailability of these biochemicals as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. To prevent this degradation of phenolic compounds, methods such as emulsification of plant aqueous extracts are used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsification conditions on the chemical properties (total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity) of emulsified rosemary and oregano extracts. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize sunflower oil concentration, rotational speed, and emulsifier concentration (commercial pea protein). The emulsions prepared under optimal conditions were then used in bioavailability studies (in vitro digestion). The antioxidant activity of the emulsified rosemary/oregano extracts, measured by the DPPH method, remained largely stable when simulating in vitro digestion. Analysis of antioxidant activity after in vitro simulation of the gastrointestinal system revealed a higher degree of maintenance (up to 76%) for emulsified plant extracts compared to aqueous plant extracts. This article contributes to our understanding of how plant extracts are prepared to preserve their biological activity and their application in the food industry.
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Molecular Characterization of Thymus capitellatus Extracts and Their Antioxidant, Neuroprotective and Anti-Proliferative Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315187. [PMID: 36499513 PMCID: PMC9738728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns & Link is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula listed as near-threatened, due to its restricted geographical distribution, occurring mainly in Portugal's mainland. In this work, we detail for the first time T. capitellatus extracts' phytochemical composition, as well as an evaluation of bioactivities to point out potential health benefits. Aqueous decoction (AD) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts were obtained, both rich in flavonoids. However, quercetin-(?)-O-hexoside was identified as the main compound in T. capitellatus HE extract, while the phenolic acid rosmarinic acid was the main component of AD extracts. In addition, HE extract presents significant amounts of salvianolic acids and of the terpenoids oleanolic and ursolic acid. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity, evaluated by their capacity to scavenge ABTS and superoxide radicals, as well as an ability to prevent lipid peroxidation. AD extracts were also effective in scavenging hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. As potential functional foods, T. capitellatus extracts presented neuroprotective and anti-diabetic activity, in addition to time- and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) cells. HE extract presented higher cytotoxicity than AD extract, and HepG2 cells were more resistant than Caco-2 cells. After 24 h exposure to HE extract, the IC50 values were 330 μg/mL and 447 μg/mL for Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively. T. capitellatus has potential as a functional food or as a source of bioactive molecules. These results also highlight the need to preserve species with as yet unknown molecular compositions and potential medicinal applications.
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Al-Moghazy M, El-Sayed HS, Abo-Elwafa GA. Co-encapsulation of probiotic bacteria, fish oil and pomegranate peel extract for enhanced white soft cheese. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li Y, Liu Z, Zeng M, El Kadiri A, Huang J, Kim A, He X, Sun J, Chen P, Wang TTY, Zhang Y, Gao B, Xie Z, Yu LL. Chemical Compositions of Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.) Extracts and Their Potentials in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-ACE2 Binding, Inhibiting ACE2, and Scavenging Free Radicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14403-14413. [PMID: 36318658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is initiated by binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells. Food factors capable of suppressing the binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 or reducing the ACE2 availability through ACE2 inhibitions may potentially reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. In this study, the chemical compositions of clove water and ethanol extracts were investigated, along with their potentials in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 binding, reducing ACE2 availability, and scavenging free radicals. Thirty-four compounds were tentatively identified in the clove water and ethanol extracts, with six reported in clove for the first time. Clove water and ethanol extracts dose-dependently suppressed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 and inhibited ACE2 activity. The water extract had stronger inhibitory effects than the ethanol extract on a dry weight basis. The clove water extract also had more potent free radical scavenging activities against DPPH• and ABTS•+ (536.9 and 3525.06 μmol TE/g, respectively) than the ethanol extract (58.44 and 2298.01 μmol TE/g, respectively). In contrast, the ethanol extract had greater total phenolic content (TPC) and relative HO• scavenging capacity (HOSC) values (180.03 mg GAE/g and 2181.08 μmol TE/g, respectively) than the water extract (120.12 mg GAE/g and 1483.02 μmol TE/g, respectively). The present study demonstrated the potential of clove in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Melody Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alem El Kadiri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jhongyan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ashley Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaohua He
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuohong Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Özcan MM. The Effect of Spice Powders on Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Components, Fatty Acids, Mineral Contents and Sensory Properties of "Keşkek", Which Is a Traditional Food. Foods 2022; 11:3492. [PMID: 36360106 PMCID: PMC9654948 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
"Keşkek", which is a dish of Western Anatolia, Thrace, the Eastern Anatolia Region, the Black Sea and Central Anatolia, is a traditional dish made mainly of split wheat and meat-although it varies according to the regions in Anatolia-which is usually made at weddings and holidays. In this study, the effects of thyme, coriander and cumin spices on the fat content, bioactive properties, phenolic component, fatty acid composition, mineral contents and sensory properties of "Keşkek" were investigated. The oil yields of "Keşkek" types were determined to be between 14.90 (control) and 21.20% (with cumin). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of "Keşkek" types' added spices were established as between 7.02 (control) and 77.10 mg/100 g Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) (with thyme) to 20.24 (control) and 132.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g (with thyme), respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity values of "Keşkek" samples varied between 0.04 (control) and 2.78 mmol Trolox Equivalent (TE)/kg (with thyme). Among these phenolic constituents, gallic acid was the most abundant, followed by catechin, rutin and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, in descending order. Oleic and linoleic acid contents of the "Keşkek" oils were detected between 25.51 (with thyme) and 30.58% (with cumin) to 38.28 (with cumin) and 48.49% (control), respectively. P, K, Mg and S were the major minerals of "Keşkek" samples. Considering the sensory characteristics of the "Keşkek" samples, "Keşkek" with thyme was appreciated, followed by "Keşkek" with cumin and "control and Keşkek" with coriander in decreasing order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya, Turkey
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13
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Hydrophobic bioactive constituents of cinnamon bark as inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase from Musa acuminata ‘Mas’ peel. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Chemical Characterization for the Detection of Impurities in Tainted and Natural Curcuma longa from India Using LIBS Coupled with PCA. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present manuscript explores a spectroscopic technique to select turmeric powder, free from impurities, and has compounds of medicinal importance among the tainted and natural turmeric. Six Curcuma longa (turmeric powder) samples, named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, were analyzed to discriminate between tainted and natural turmeric using the LIBS and multivariate technique. Other techniques such as UV–Vis, FTIR, and EDX are also used to ascertain the elements/compounds showing the medicinal properties of C. longa. Spectral lines of carbon, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, strontium, barium, and electronic bands of CN molecules were observed in the LIBS spectra of turmeric samples. Spectral signatures of toxic elements such as lead and chromium are also observed in the LIBS spectra of all samples except S6. Adulteration of metanil yellow, a toxic azo dye, is used to increase the appearance of curcumin when the actual curcumin content is low. The presence of spectral lines of lead and chromium in the LIBS spectra of S1 to S5 suggested that it may be adulterated with lead chromate which is used for coloring turmeric. Further, the presence of sulfur in EDX analysis of sample S5 indicates that it may also have been adulterated with metanil (C18H14N3NaO3S). The concentration of samples’ constituents was evaluated using CF-LIBS, and EDX was used to verify the results obtained by CF-LIBS. The principal component analysis applied to the LIBS data of the turmeric samples has been used for instant discrimination between the sample based on their constituents. We also analyzed antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of different turmeric samples and found a negative Pearson correlation with heavy metals. The presence of curcumin in turmeric is confirmed using LIBS and UV–Vis, which have medicinal properties.
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15
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Tunnisa F, Nur Faridah D, Afriyanti A, Rosalina D, Ana Syabana M, Darmawan N, Dewi Yuliana N. Antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds identification in several Indonesian underutilized Zingiberaceae spices using SPME-GC/MS-based volatilomics and in silico methods. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100285. [PMID: 35342880 PMCID: PMC8943257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile compounds linked with antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of 12 Zingiberaceae spices were identified using SPME-GC/MS and multivariate data analysis. Eucalyptol strongly correlated with α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH antioxidant activity. o-Cymene and terpinen-4-ol strongly correlated with FRAP and CUPRAC antioxidant activity. In silico study supported the results of the in-vitro experiment.
This study aimed to identify compounds in 12 minor Zingiberaceae spices grown in Indonesia linked with in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC) activities using SPME-GC/MS volatilomics. The results illustrated that Zingiber aromaticum Val., Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton, and Zingiber purpureum Roscoe had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC antioxidant activities, respectively. Also, the total phenolic content positively influenced DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC antioxidant activities. The strongest positive correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH antioxidant activities was found in eucalyptol; whereas o-cymene and terpinen-4-ol had the strongest correlations with FRAP and CUPRAC antioxidants, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis revealed that all compounds with a strong correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitor activity (based on their OPLS VIP score) had binding energies (−5.06 – −6.26 kcal/mol) close to Acarbose (−10.11 kcal/mol). Thus, this study provided vital information on the volatile compounds in underutilized spices associated with their health beneficial properties.
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Key Words
- AC, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton
- AGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor
- AM, Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe
- Antioxidant
- BR, Boesenbergia rotunda L. Mansf.
- CA, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb
- CH, Curcuma heyneana Val. & Zijp
- CP, Curcuma purpurascens Blume
- CT, Curcuma petiolata Roxb
- CUPRAC, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity
- CZ, Curcuma zedoria Roscoe
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FRAP, Ferric reducing antioxidant property
- GC/MS, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- Metabolomics
- OPLS, Orthogonal projection to the least square
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- SPME, Solid phase micro extraction
- SPME-GC/MS
- TFC, Total flavonoid content
- TPC, Total phenolic content
- Volatiles
- ZA, Zingiber aromaticum Val.
- ZC, Zingiber purpureum Roscoe
- ZO, Zingiber ottensii Val.
- ZZ, Zingiber zerumpet L. Roscoe ex Sm.
- α-Glucosidase inhibitor
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Tunnisa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Didah Nur Faridah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ani Afriyanti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dian Rosalina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Ana Syabana
- Department of Food Technology and Center of Excellence for Local Food Innovation, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Serang, Indonesia
| | - Noviyan Darmawan
- Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
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16
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Mapeka TM, Sandasi M, Viljoen AM, van Vuuren SF. Optimization of Antioxidant Synergy in a Polyherbal Combination by Experimental Design. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134196. [PMID: 35807440 PMCID: PMC9325320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Culinary herbs and spices are known to be good sources of natural antioxidants. Although the antioxidant effects of individual culinary herbs and spices are widely reported, little is known about their effects when used in combination. The current study was therefore undertaken to compare the antioxidant effects of crude extracts and essential oils of some common culinary herbs and spices in various combinations. The antioxidant interactions of 1:1 combinations of the most active individual extracts and essential oils were investigated as well as the optimization of various ratios using the design of experiments (DoE) approach. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity, and MODDE 9.1® software (Umetrics AB, Umea, Sweden) was used to determine the DoE. The results revealed synergism for the following combinations: Mentha piperita with Thymus vulgaris methanol extract (ΣFIC = 0.32 and ΣFIC = 0.15 using the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively); Rosmarinus officinalis with Syzygium aromaticum methanol extract (ΣFIC = 0.47 using the FRAP assay); T. vulgaris with Zingiber officinalis methanol extracts (ΣFIC = 0.19 using the ABTS assay); and R. officinalis with Z. officinalis dichloromethane extract (ΣFIC = 0.22 using the ABTS assay). The DoE produced a statistically significant (R2 = 0.905 and Q2 = 0.710) model that was able to predict extract combinations with high antioxidant activities, as validated experimentally. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts from a selection of culinary herbs and spices were improved when in combination, hence creating an innovative opportunity for the future development of supplements for optimum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsholofelo M. Mapeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.V.)
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.V.)
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sandy F. van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-717-2157
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17
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Tony SK, Ismail HA, Hatour FS, Mahmoud ME. Hazardous effects of high voltage electromagnetic field on albino rats and protective role of Rosmarinus officinalis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17932-17942. [PMID: 34686958 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are common in our everyday lives. They have many origins and severe effects on individuals and environments where they inflict a great deal of health and psychological harm. The current study investigated the impact of high voltage (H.V.) EMF 5.4 kV/m for 2 and 4 h per day with a frequency equal to 50 Hz alternating current (AC) on body weight (b.wt), blood indices, and certain liver enzymes of albino rats after 25 days of exposure to the electromagnetic field. This work focuses on the therapeutic action of methanol extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) leaves at a dose (5 mg/kg b. wt) against harmful EMF-induced effects. The findings showed that electromagnetic field exposure induced a substantial decrease in red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), and catalase activity (CAT). Although white blood cells (WBCs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have increased significantly under EMF treatment. Treatment with R. officinalis showed attenuation in these parameters that were induced in rats exposed to H.V. These findings were followed by the histopathological analysis of the liver in the observations. Finally, we conclude that R. officinalis leaves extract offered substantial protection against H.V-induced liver damage and can be applied in drug production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallam K Tony
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Hamadi A Ismail
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Fawzy S Hatour
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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18
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Silva AM, Félix LM, Teixeira I, Martins-Gomes C, Schäfer J, Souto EB, Santos DJ, Bunzel M, Nunes FM. Orange thyme: Phytochemical profiling, in vitro bioactivities of extracts and potential health benefits. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100171. [PMID: 34901827 PMCID: PMC8639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of orange thyme as food, condiments and infusions has health benefits. Phytochemical characterization of hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts was performed. Orange thyme extracts present neuroprotective, anti-aging and antioxidant activity. Orange thyme extracts present high anti-inflammatory activity with no cytotoxicity.
Orange thyme (Thymus fragrantissimus) is becoming widely used in food as a condiment and herbal tea, nevertheless its chemical composition and potential bioactivities are largely unknown. Thus the objective of this work is to obtain a detailed phytochemical profile of T. fragrantissimus by exhaustive ethanolic extraction and by aqueous decoction mimicking its consumption. Extracts showed high content in rosmarinic acid, luteolin-O-hexuronide and eriodictyol-O-hexuronide; these were the main phenolic compounds present in orange thyme accounting for 85% of the total phenolic compounds. Orange thyme extracts presented high scavenging activity against nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Both extracts presented significant inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity and moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Both extracts showed a good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and a weak anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activity against Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines supporting its safe use. Orange thyme is a very good source of bioactive compounds with potential use in different food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Teixeira
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Chemistry Research Center -Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dario J Santos
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Chemistry Research Center -Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal Vila Real, Portugal
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19
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Rehman A, Qunyi T, Sharif HR, Korma SA, Karim A, Manzoor MF, Mehmood A, Iqbal MW, Raza H, Ali A, Mehmood T. Biopolymer based nanoemulsion delivery system: An effective approach to boost the antioxidant potential of essential oil in food products. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Jurinjak Tušek A, Benković M, Malešić E, Marić L, Jurina T, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Valinger D. Rapid quantification of dissolved solids and bioactives in dried root vegetable extracts using near infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120074. [PMID: 34147736 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANN) were developed for prediction of total dissolved solids, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of root vegetables (celery, fennel, carrot, yellow carrot, purple carrot and parsley) extracts prepared from the (i) fresh vegetables, (ii) vegetables dried conventionally at 50 °C and 70 °C, and (iii) the lyophilised vegetables. Two types of solvents were used: organic solvents (acetone mixtures and methanol mixtures) and water. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra were recorded for all samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the pre-treated spectra using Savitzky-Golay smoothing showed specific grouping of samples in two clusters (1st: extracts prepared using methanol mixtures and water as the solvents; 2nd: extracts prepared using acetone mixtures as the solvents) for all four types of extracts. Furthermore, obtained results showed that the developed ANN models can reliably be used for prediction of total dissolved solids, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of dried root vegetable extracts in relation to the recorded NIR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Benković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Elena Malešić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Marić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jurina
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Davor Valinger
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Ali A, Bashmil YM, Cottrell JJ, Suleria HAR, Dunshea FR. LC-MS/MS-QTOF Screening and Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Australian Grown Herbs and Their Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111770. [PMID: 34829641 PMCID: PMC8615083 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Culinary spices and herbs have been used to impart a characteristic flavour and aroma in food due to their appealing fragrance. Recently, bioactive compounds from herbs, especially phenolics, have gained much attention due to their potential health outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the phenolic compounds from 10 widely used Australian-grown herbs (oregano, rosemary, bay, basil, sage, fenugreek, dill, parsley, mint and thyme). For this purpose, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for the complete profiling of polyphenolic compounds and quantification of abundant phenolic compounds was completed with high-performance liquid chromatography—photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). Polyphenols from Australian-grown herbs were estimated through total phenolic content (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total tannins (TT) along with their in-vitro antioxidant activities. Oregano and mint were estimated with the highest value of TP (140.59 ± 9.52 and 103.28 ± 8.08 mg GAE/g, milligram gallic acid equivalent/gram) while rosemary and mint had the highest TF (8.19 ± 0.74 and 7.05 ± 0.43 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g). In this study, eighty-four (84) phenolic compounds were screened and confirmed through LC-MS/MS by comparing their masses and fragmentation pattern with published libraries. The results of this study validate the use of these herbs as bioactives and their positive impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Y.M.B.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Yasmeen M. Bashmil
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Y.M.B.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Y.M.B.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Y.M.B.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Y.M.B.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence:
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22
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Boutoub O, El-Guendouz S, Manhita A, Dias CB, Estevinho LM, Paula VB, Carlier J, Costa MC, Rodrigues B, Raposo S, Aazza S, El Ghadraoui L, Miguel MG. Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Two Types of Moroccan Euphorbia Entire Honey and Their Phenolic Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081909. [PMID: 34441685 PMCID: PMC8394845 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural food product very famous for its health benefits for being an important source of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. Euphorbia honeys obtained from different regions of Morocco were evaluated for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, lipoxygenase, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase activities. Their antioxidant properties were evaluated using the: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity, nitric oxide scavenging activity (NO) and scavenging ability of superoxide anion radical. Then, the phenolic extracts of the same entire honey samples were evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS) and tested for the biological activities previously evaluated on the entire honeys, in order to conduct a comparative study between both (honey and phenolic extracts). The chromatographic profiles for the studied Euphorbia honey extracts were different. Phenolic compounds gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid were detected in all samples, whereas kampferol was only present in two samples. Physicochemical parameters and total phenolic content were also determined. Entire honey that recorded the highest rate of phenols was sample M6 (E. resinifera) = 69.25 mg GAE/100 g. On the other hand, the phenolic extracts had better antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities than the entire honeys, regardless the monofloral honey type. In conclusion, the studied Euphorbia honeys may have a great potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase sources for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Boutoub
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (O.B.); (S.E.-G.); (M.C.C.); (S.R.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, BP 2202, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Soukaina El-Guendouz
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (O.B.); (S.E.-G.); (M.C.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Ana Manhita
- Laboratório HERCULES, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Cristina Barrocas Dias
- Laboratório HERCULES, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.); (C.B.D.)
- Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Letícia M. Estevinho
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.M.E.); (V.B.P.)
| | - Vanessa B. Paula
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.M.E.); (V.B.P.)
| | - Jorge Carlier
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Gambelas Campus, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Clara Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (O.B.); (S.E.-G.); (M.C.C.); (S.R.)
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Gambelas Campus, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Brígida Rodrigues
- CIMA—Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, FCT, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Sara Raposo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (O.B.); (S.E.-G.); (M.C.C.); (S.R.)
- CIMA—Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, FCT, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Smail Aazza
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ANPMA), BP 159, Principal, Taounate 34000, Morocco;
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, BP 2202, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (O.B.); (S.E.-G.); (M.C.C.); (S.R.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Delgado-Pando G, Ekonomou SI, Stratakos AC, Pintado T. Clean Label Alternatives in Meat Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071615. [PMID: 34359485 PMCID: PMC8306945 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food authorities have not yet provided a definition for the term "clean label". However, food producers and consumers frequently use this terminology for food products with few and recognisable ingredients. The meat industry faces important challenges in the development of clean-label meat products, as these contain an important number of functional additives. Nitrites are an essential additive that acts as an antimicrobial and antioxidant in several meat products, making it difficult to find a clean-label alternative with all functionalities. Another important additive not complying with the clean-label requirements are phosphates. Phosphates are essential for the correct development of texture and sensory properties in several meat products. In this review, we address the potential clean-label alternatives to the most common additives in meat products, including antimicrobials, antioxidants, texturisers and colours. Some novel technologies applied for the development of clean label meat products are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Delgado-Pando
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sotirios I. Ekonomou
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Coldharbour Lane, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (S.I.E.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Alexandros C. Stratakos
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Coldharbour Lane, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (S.I.E.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Tatiana Pintado
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Saah S, Siriwan D, Trisonthi P. Biological activities of Boesenbergia rotunda parts and extracting solvents in promoting osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ali A, Wu H, Ponnampalam EN, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Comprehensive Profiling of Most Widely Used Spices for Their Phenolic Compounds through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS 2 and Their Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:721. [PMID: 34064351 PMCID: PMC8147794 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices have long been used to improve food flavor, due to their appealing fragrance and sensory attributes. Nowadays, spices-based bioactives, particularly phenolic compounds, have gained attention due to their wide range of significant effects in biological systems. The present study was conducted to characterize the 12 widely used spices (allspice, black cardamom, black cumin, black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, cumin, fennel, nutmeg, star-anise, and turmeric) for their phenolics with the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2), polyphenols estimation, and their antioxidant potential. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total tannin content and their antioxidant activities were estimated in all spices. Clove and allspice had the highest value of total polyphenol content (215.14 and 40.49 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of sample), while clove and turmeric had the highest total flavonoids (5.59 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) per g of sample) and total tannin contents (23.58 mg catechin equivalent (CE) per g of sample), respectively. On the other hand, black cumin and black pepper had the highest phosphomolybdate activity (15.61 and 15.43 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of sample), while clove was almost identified with highest free radical scavenging capacity. A positive correlation was observed among phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. In this quest, a total of 79 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized by using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2 including 26 phenolic acids, 33 flavonoids, 16 other polyphenols, and 4 lignans. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) quantification of phenolic compounds exhibited higher phenolic acids. These results provided us some valuable information that spices have powerful antioxidant potential that can be further used in human food and animal feed as a supplement for different health promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (H.W.); (J.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Hanjing Wu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (H.W.); (J.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (H.W.); (J.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (H.W.); (J.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leads, Leads LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (H.W.); (J.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
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Mara de Menezes Epifanio N, Rykiel Iglesias Cavalcanti L, Falcão Dos Santos K, Soares Coutinho Duarte P, Kachlicki P, Ożarowski M, Jorge Riger C, Siqueira de Almeida Chaves D. Chemical characterization and in vivo antioxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) aqueous extract. Food Funct 2021; 11:5346-5356. [PMID: 32462155 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-nine flavonoid glycosides were identified in the aqueous extract (PC) of Petroselinum crispum var. crispum leaves and apiin, the major compound, was isolated thereof. Apigenin was obtained (90% purity) by the hydrolysis of apiin. A high content of phenolics (12.49 ± 1.70 mg GAE per g of parsley extract - Folin-Ciocalteu method) and total flavonoids (15.05 ± 2.20 mg of quercetin equivalents per g of parsley extract - aluminum chloride method) was quantified in P. crispum, as well as high antioxidant activity ((EC50 - 15.50 mg mL-1, DPPH method) and (189.8 mM Fe(ii) per mg of dry plant aqueous extract - FRAP method)). In vivo analysis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells showed low toxicity of the aqueous extract of parsley, however, it revealed a high dose-dependent antioxidant potential, mainly in the lipoperoxidation assay. In addition, flavonoid apiin also showed antioxidant action on yeast cells under oxidative stress in the cell viability assay (0.1 mM) and lipid peroxidation (0.01 and 0.1 mM), while apigenin was slightly antioxidant. Therefore, it is likely that the antioxidant activity of apiin is related to the total antioxidant capacity of parsley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Mara de Menezes Epifanio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Lynn Rykiel Iglesias Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Karine Falcão Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila Soares Coutinho Duarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Department of Biotechnology, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 61-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristiano Jorge Riger
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 23897-000, Brazil.
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Potential antiviral agents of Rosmarinus officinalis extract against herpes viruses 1 and 2. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225081. [PMID: 32469389 PMCID: PMC7286877 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) belong to the herpesviridae family and cause neurological disorders by infecting the nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) extract against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro. The antioxidant activity of this extract was investigated by superoxide anion and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical assays. Rosemary extract was evaluated by an HSV-1 antiviral assay, in which viral replication in Vero cells was determined and quantified using a cytopathic effect assay. The present study showed that rosemary extract at 30 µg/ml caused 55% inhibition of HSV-1 plaques, whereas 40 µg/ml rosemary extract caused 65% inhibition of HSV-2 plaques. The extracts completely inhibited HSV-1 and HSV-2 plaque formation at 50 µg/ml. Scavenging activity of the superoxide anion radical was observed at 65.74 mg/ml, whereas 50% scavenging activity of the DPPH radical was observed at 67.34 mg/ml. These data suggest that rosemary extract may be suitable as a topical prophylactic or therapeutic agent for herpes viral infections. However, further research is required to elucidate the plant’s active constituents, which may be useful in drug development.
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Pharmacological Properties of a Traditional Korean Formula Bojungchiseup-tang on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8851010. [PMID: 33313321 PMCID: PMC7719489 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8851010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic has nearly doubled since 1980, and this increasing prevalence is threatening public health. It has been reported that natural products could contain potential functional ingredients that may assist in preventing obesity. Bojungchiseub-tang (BJT), mentioned in the Donguibogam as an herbal medication for the treatment of edema, a symptom of obesity, consists of eleven medicinal herbs. However, the pharmacological activity of BJT has not been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the putative effect of BJT on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and the weight gain of high-fat diet (HFD-) fed C57BL/6 mice. Oil Red O staining was conducted to examine the amount of lipids in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: standard diet group (control, CON), 45% HFD group (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 10% of BJT (BJT). The expression levels of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis in cells, WAT, and liver were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. We found that BJT treatment significantly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in a dose-dependent manner in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Similar to the results of the in vitro experiment, BJT suppressed HFD-induced weight gain in an obese mouse model. In addition, BJT effectively reduced the HFD-induced epididymal adipose tissue weight/body weight index. BJT also downregulated the mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1 in the epididymal adipose and liver tissue of HFD-fed obese mice. These findings suggest that BJT induces weight loss by affecting adipogenic transcription factors.
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Faur A, Watz C, Moacă EA, Avram Ş, Borcan F, Pinzaru I, Iftode A, Nicolov M, Popovici RA, Raica M, Szuhanek CA, Dehelean C. Correlations on Phenolic Screening Related to In Vitro and In Ovo Assessment of Ocimum basilicum L. Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts Used as Skin Active Ingredient. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225442. [PMID: 33233640 PMCID: PMC7699777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition parameters of two hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. (OB) obtained from the aerial part (without leaves) and leaves, in order to determine their contribution to the antioxidant activity (AOA). Both hydro-alcoholic extracts have proven to be rich in polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavonols and tannins. Therefore, the leaves’ extracts reveal an inhibition percentage of 89%, almost comparable with the standard reference (95%). To complete the toxicological profile, the study also assessed the potential cytotoxicity of basil hydro-alcoholic extracts on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), skin human fibroblasts (1BR3), mice epidermis (JB6Cl41-5a) and primary human melanocytes (HEMa) cells, correlated to A375 antitumor in vitro activity. The extracts did not induce significant cytotoxic effect on any of the selected normal cell lines but showed relevant activity on A375 cells. Considering the low values obtained regarding the irritative effects in the chorionallantoic membrane of the egg on blood vessels, we can emphasize that both extracts can be considered as biocompatible ingredients. Regarding the potential activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts on human skin, the decrease of erythema values after the application of extracts was a relevant observation which indicates the anti-inflammatory potential of Ocimum basilicum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Faur
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudia Watz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-745-762-600
| | - Ştefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrada Iftode
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Mirela Nicolov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Ramona Amina Popovici
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Camelia A. Szuhanek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
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Sasikumar J, Erba O, Egigu MC. In vitro antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content of commonly used spices from Ethiopia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05027. [PMID: 32995654 PMCID: PMC7511827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, the antioxidative effectiveness, and polyphenolic content of methanol and aqueous extracts of spices such as Lippia adoensis (Koseret), Nigella sativa (Thikur azmud), Piper capense (Timiz), Thymus schimperi (Tosign) and Trachyspermum ammi (Netchazmud), consumed among people of Ethiopia were investigated. METHODS The antioxidant activity was assessed via established in vitro assay models such as 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching assay, reducing power assay and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) inhibitory potential. Total phenolics content was measured according to Folin-Ciocalteu's method and total flavonoid content was estimated by using Aluminium chloride colorimetric method. RESULTS The results showed that the total phenolic content was highest in both methanol (720 ± 0.04 mg GAE/100 g extract DW) and aqueous (580 ± 0.08 mg GAE/100 g DW) extracts of L. adoensis. Among the five tested spices, the methanol and aqueous extracts of L. adoensis exerted the strongest DPPH radical quenching activity with IC50values of 49.17 ± 1.26 and 20.99 ± 8.6 μg/mL, respectively. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of L. adoensis showed notable reducing capacity. The highest RNS scavenging activity was shown by both methanol (IC50 597.21 ± 6.99 μg/mL) and aqueous (IC50 = 551.5 ± 28.9 μg/mL) extracts of L. adoensis. High to moderate positive correlations were observed between total phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant assays. This indicates that the antioxidant activities of the tested spices are attributed to the phenolic contents. CONCLUSION The results of the present work revealed that the tested spices demonstrated high phenolic contents and antioxidant properties. Thus, these spices are worth considering as important sources of natural antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Sasikumar
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Oliyad Erba
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret C. Egigu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
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Basu A. Spices in Meals: A Novel Approach to Cool Down Inflammation. J Nutr 2020; 150:1348-1349. [PMID: 32275313 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Antioxidant Activities of Jeju Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense) and Safety of Human Keratinocytes and Primary Skin Irritation Test. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the antioxidant activity, cell viability, and human skin primary irritation test using the hot-water extracts of the Syzygium samarangense. As a result of the recent warmer climate, tropical plants have flourished on Jeju Island, and S. samarangense is one of these plants known to have biological activities. In this study, the hot-water extract of S. samarangense leaf and branch was analyzed. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assays, and the DMPD (dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine) radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity, ferrous-ion chelating activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, reducing power assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content were also measured. In addition, cell viability was measured by MTT assay in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), and the safety of the extract for use on the skin was evaluated in the human skin primary irritation test. The antioxidant activities, except DMPD radical scavenging activity and ferrous-ion chelating activity, were stronger in the branch extract than in leaf extract, and the total phenol and flavonoid contents were also higher in the branch extract. Slight irritation was observed in the human skin primary irritation test. However, it was possible to observe sufficient antioxidant capacity at a concentration lower than the concentration used in the irritation test; therefore, if the concentration of the extract is appropriately adjusted, this suggests that it is a possible natural material suitable for use in cosmetics.
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Munekata PES, Alcántara C, Žugčić T, Abdelkebir R, Collado MC, García-Pérez JV, Jambrak AR, Gavahian M, Barba FJ, Lorenzo JM. Impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction and solvent composition on bioactive compounds and in vitro biological activities of thyme and rosemary. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109242. [PMID: 32517919 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean herbs, specially thyme and rosemary, are important ingredients in food preparation and more recently have been studied as natural sources of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to study the effect of matrix (thyme vs. rosemary), and extraction protocol (conventional extraction vs. ultrasound assisted extraction) solvent composition (water vs. 50:50 ethanol:water solution) on the extraction of high value compounds (phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids) and also explore the antioxidant, antimicrobial (Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica), probiotic (Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis), and anti-inflammatory activities. The phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content of extracts was greatly influenced by extraction conditions wherein the ultrasound pre-treatment improved the extraction of carotenoids but induced the opposite effect for polyphenols and flavonoids in both herbs. Only the aqueous extract of thyme obtained from ultrasound pre-treatment was the only extract that inhibited the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria, stimulated the probiotic bacteria and achieved high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Moreover, this extract also was rich on phenolic compounds (such as p-coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, feruloyl glucose, and 4-vinylguaiacol) and carotenoids. Therefore, ultrasound extraction of bioactive compounds with water as solvent could be explored in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cristina Alcántara
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tihana Žugčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Universitat de València, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Radhia Abdelkebir
- Universitat de València, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; Range Ecology Laboratory in the Institute of Arid Regions (IRA) of Medenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose V García-Pérez
- Grupo de Análisis y Simulación de Procesos Agroalimentarios (ASPA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201 Taiwan
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Universitat de València, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
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Suleman R, Wang Z, Hui T, Pan T, Liu H, Zhang D. Utilization of Asian spices as a mitigation strategy to control heterocyclic aromatic amines in charcoal grilled lamb patties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Suleman
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Teng Hui
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Teng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
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Omoba OS, Olagunju AI, Salawu SO, Boligon AA. HPLC-DAD Phenolic Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Three Prominent Nigerian Spices. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:179-186. [PMID: 31328123 PMCID: PMC6615355 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices and herbs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties, amongst others. These characteristics are attributable to their composition, such as high polyphenol and flavonoid contents that are responsible for their antioxidative properties. Methanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum (OB), Xylopia aethiopica (XA), and Piper guineensis (PG) were evaluated to profile their phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection phenolic compounds profiling revealed that quercetin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin are the most prevalent phenolic compound in OB, XA, and PG, respectively. All the extracts possessed good antioxidant activity. XA showed the highest total phenolic content of 29.50 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, a total flavonoid content of 21.17 mg quercetin equivalents/g, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging abilities of 29% and 88.23%, respectively, and a nitric oxide scavenging activity of 44.13 mg/g. Thus, the XA methanolic extract demonstrated a high content of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidative properties, with prospective potency to prevent oxidative damage and promote better cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilayo Sade Omoba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State 340001, Nigeria
| | - Aderonke Ibidunni Olagunju
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State 340001, Nigeria
| | - Sule Ola Salawu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State 340001, Nigeria
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Wang Y, Kong D, Gao Y, Ying L, Huang Q, Xu P. Chemical characterization and bioactivity of phenolics from Tieguanyin oolong tea. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12894. [PMID: 31353716 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are the main bioactive components in tea and greatly contribute to human health. Three phenolic-enriched extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction (TEF), n-butanol fraction (TBF), and water fraction (TWF), were obtained from Tieguanyin oolong tea, which is considered a typical type of semi-fermented tea. The chemicals in the extracts and their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells were investigated in the present work. TEF was found to have the highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids, procyanidins, sugars, and catechin monomers. Meanwhile, TEF exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity, which may be due to its abundant bioactive compounds, as validated by Pearson correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis. Furthermore, TEF showed greater inhibition of the growth of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells than TBF and TWF. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fermentation during the processing of oolong tea causes many alterations in polyphenols, leading to different bioactivities. In the present work, three phenolic-enriched extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction (TEF), n-butanol fraction (TBF), and water fraction (TWF), were obtained from Tieguanyin oolong tea. Further tests showed that TEF and TBF from Tieguanyin oolong tea possessed remarkable antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential inhibition of the growth of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells in vitro due to their main bioactive compounds, including phenolics and flavonoids. Thus, the phenolic-enriched extracts from Tieguanyin tea are expected to have a potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries after further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dedong Kong
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Le Ying
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qianfei Huang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Ulewicz-Magulska B, Wesolowski M. Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Potential of Herbs Used for Medical and Culinary Purposes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:61-67. [PMID: 30374852 PMCID: PMC6422988 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Herbs used for medical purposes are required to meet high pharmacopoeial quality standards, whereas spices used as additives to dishes and food products do not have to meet such rigorous standards. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to compare medicinal herbs and spices of the same plant species that are applied in different areas with regard to the total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of their methanolic and water extracts. This study showed that the TPC values of both extracts prepared from medicinal herbs and spices as quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent did not differ significantly; however, the TAC values obtained by the DPPH assays of the methanol and water extracts differed significantly. No such differences were found for the same extracts when the FRAP assay was used for analysis. This study shows that the level of antioxidants is dependent on the plant species and the botanical family. Plants belonging to the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families are richer in phenolic compounds and have stronger antioxidant potentials than those originating from the Apiaceae family. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the majority of medicinal herbs and spices of the same plant species are found in the same cluster. In addition, the extraction solvent was identified as one of the factors influencing the clustering of the plants on the PCA scatterplot and CA dendrogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ulewicz-Magulska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland.
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Akter J, Hossain MA, Takara K, Islam MZ, Hou DX. Antioxidant activity of different species and varieties of turmeric (Curcuma spp): Isolation of active compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:9-17. [PMID: 30266519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There are >80 species of turmeric (Curcuma spp.) and some species have multiple varieties, for example, Curcuma longa (C. longa) has 70 varieties. They could be different in their chemical properties and biological activities. Therefore, we compared antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of different species and varieties of turmeric namely C. longa [variety: Ryudai gold (RD) and Okinawa ukon], C. xanthorrhiza, C. aromatica, C. amada, and C. zedoaria. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power and 2-deoxyribose (2-DR) oxidation assay. Our results suggested that RD contained significantly higher concentrations of total phenolic (157.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoids (1089.5 mg rutin equivalent/g extract). RD also showed significantly higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50: 26.4 μg/mL), ORAC (14,090 μmol Trolox equivalent/g extract), reducing power absorbance (0.33) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50: 7.4 μg/mL). Therefore, RD was chosen for the isolation of antioxidant compounds using silica gel column, Toyopearl HW-40F column, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Structural identification of the compounds was conducted using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The purified antioxidant compounds were bisabolone-9-one (1), 4-methyllene-5-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one (2), turmeronol B (3), 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-hepten-3-one (4), 3-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-hepten-1,5-dione (5), cyclobisdemethoxycurcumin (6), bisdemethoxycurcumin (7), demethoxycurcumin (8) and curcumin (9). The IC50 for DPPH radical-scavenging activity were 474, 621, 234, 29, 39, 257, 198, 47 and 18 μM and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity were 25.1, 24.4, 20.2, 2.1, 5.1, 17.2, 7.2, 3.3 and 1.5 μM for compound 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Our findings suggested that the RD variety of C. longa, developed by the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, is a promising source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Akter
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Md Amzad Hossain
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Kensaku Takara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Md Zahorul Islam
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Kotormán M, Varga A, Kasi PB, Nemcsók J. Inhibition of the formation of amyloid-like fibrils with spices, especially cloves. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2018; 69:385-394. [PMID: 30587021 DOI: 10.1556/018.69.2018.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the study of inhibition of amyloid fibril formation, α-chymotrypsin protein was developed in 55% ethanol at pH 7.0. We investigated the inhibitory effect of different spices on amyloid fibril formation using turbidity measurements and Congo red binding assays. We found that all spices except the black pepper and caraway seed prevented fibril formation. The highest inhibition was measured with the clove, which reduced the amount of aggregates by 90%. We studied the inhibitory effect of the cloves at different concentrations on aggregation, it was found that the inhibitory activity of clove is dependent on concentration. We have measured the total phenolic content of the spice extracts too. Based on all these findings we have come to the following conclusion: Our results indicate that spices can contain other compounds too - not only phenolic compounds - which influence the formation of amyloid fibrils, and the effectiveness of various phenolic compounds are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Kotormán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Phanindra Babu Kasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Nemcsók
- Department of Biology, Pedagogical Faculty, Selye János University, Bratislavská cesta 3322, SK-94501 Komarno, Slovak Republic
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Darie-Niţă RN, Vasile C, Stoleru E, Pamfil D, Zaharescu T, Tarţău L, Tudorachi N, Brebu MA, Pricope GM, Dumitriu RP, Leluk K. Evaluation of the Rosemary Extract Effect on the Properties of Polylactic Acid-Based Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1825. [PMID: 30257509 PMCID: PMC6213757 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New multifunctional materials containing additives derived from natural resources as powdered rosemary ethanolic extract were obtained by melt mixing and processed in good conditions without degradation and loss of additives. Incorporation of powdered rosemary ethanolic extract (R) into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) improved elongation at break, rheological properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, in addition to the biocompatibility. The good accordance between results of the chemiluminescence method and radical scavenging activity determination by chemical method evidenced the increased thermoxidative stability of the PLA biocomposites with respect to neat PLA, with R acting as an antioxidant. PLA/R biocomposites also showed low permeability to gases and migration rates of the bioactive compounds and could be considered as high-performance materials for food packaging. In vitro biocompatibility based on the determination of surface properties demonstrated a good hydrophilicity, better spreading and division of fibroblasts, and increased platelet cohesion. The implantation of PLA/R pellets, was proven to possess a good in vivo biocompatibility, and resulted in similar changes in blood parameters and biochemical responses with the control group, suggesting that these PLA-based materials demonstrate very desirable properties as potential biomaterials, useful in human medicine for tissue engineering, wound management, orthopedic devices, scaffolds, drug delivery systems, etc. Therefore, PLA/R-based materials show promising properties for applications both in food packaging and as bioactive biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niţă
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Elena Stoleru
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Daniela Pamfil
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Traian Zaharescu
- National Institute for Electrical Engineering (INCDIE ICPE CA), 313 Splaiul Unirii, P.O. Box 149, 030138 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Liliana Tarţău
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Niţă Tudorachi
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mihai Adrian Brebu
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Gina Mihaela Pricope
- Veterinary and Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Safety, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Raluca Petronela Dumitriu
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Karol Leluk
- Institute of Environmental Protection Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Plac Grunwaldzki 9, 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Ying L, Kong DD, Gao YY, Yan F, Wang YF, Xu P. In vitro antioxidant activity of phenolic-enriched extracts from Zhangping Narcissus tea cake and their inhibition on growth and metastatic capacity of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:199-210. [PMID: 29504313 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenolics, as the main bioactive compounds in tea, have been suggested to have potential in the prevention of various human diseases. However, little is known about phenolics and their bioactivity in Zhangping Narcissue tea cake which is considered the most special kind of oolong tea. To unveil its bioactivity, three phenolic-enriched extracts were obtained from Zhangping Narcissue tea cake using ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Their main chemical compositions and in vitro bioactivity were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The ethyl acetate fraction (ZEF) consisted of higher content of phenolics, flavonoids, procyanidins, and catechin monomers (including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG)) than n-butanol fraction (ZBF) and water fraction (ZWF). ZEF exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity in vitro due to its abundant bioactive compounds. This was validated by Pearson correlation and hierarchical clustering analyses. ZEF also showed a remarkable inhibition on the growth, migration, and invasion of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ying
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - De-Dong Kong
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kaur G, Kumar V, Goyal A, Tanwar B, Kaur J. Optimization of nutritional beverage developed from radish, sugarcane and herbal extract using response surface methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-11-2017-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Radish (Raphanus sativus) is valued for its nutritive and medicinal properties, but its juice is not palatable because of the pungent flavor. The purpose of this study is to optimize the blending process of radish juice by using sugarcane juice, herbal extract and salt concentration.
Design/methodology/approach
The statistical design provided 20 formulations; where herbal extract concentration varied from 0.5 to 2.5 per cent, sugarcane juice concentration from 20 to 50 per cent and salt concentration from 0 to 1.5 per cent.
Findings
The p = 0.05 was used to designate the statistical significance of all the responses under study. Different product formulations had total soluble solids (TSS) that ranged from 9.7 to 15.0°Brix, titratable acidity from 0.6 to 1.3%, pH from 3.3 to 4.0, reducing sugars from 0.6 to 0.8%, total sugars from 9.4 to 3.1%, total protein from 172.9 to 304.8 mg/100 ml, total phenols from 25.5 to 29.8 mg/100 ml, ascorbic acid from 10.4 to 19.8 mg/100 ml, antioxidant activity from 77.3 to 83.6% and overall acceptability from 5.6 to 7.7. Sugarcane juice concentration of 30%, herbal extract mixture and salt concentrations of 1 and 1.5%, respectively, were the optimized process conditions for the preparation of nutritional radish juice achieved with the best fit of desirability, i.e. 0.88. Cluster analysis revealed that concentration of sugarcane juice had the maximum significant effect on the quality characteristics of nutritional radish beverage as compared to the other two variables under study.
Originality/value
The developed product can help to promote the use of radish as a substrate for the beverage industry.
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Abdou Moha D, Mohamed Ha I, Aly Fouda K. Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Effects of Cumin Seeds Crude Ethanol Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2018.251.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Purwanti N, Zehn AS, Pusfitasari ED, Khalid N, Febrianto EY, Mardjan SS, Andreas, Kobayashi I. Emulsion stability of clove oil in chitosan and sodium alginate matrix. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1454946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanik Purwanti
- Biosystem Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical & Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Sciences & Technology Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Azmi Syahrian Zehn
- Biosystem Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical & Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Eka Dian Pusfitasari
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Komplek PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erfin Yundra Febrianto
- Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Komplek PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Sutrisno Suro Mardjan
- Biosystem Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical & Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Andreas
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Komplek PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- National Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Serafini L, Schmidt C, Oldoni T, Carpes S, Haminiuk C, Ribeiro I. Assessment of antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) evaluated by different in vitro methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2018.1198.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Méabed EMH, El-Sayed NM, Abou-Sreea AIB, Roby MHH. Chemical analysis of aqueous extracts of Origanum majorana and Foeniculum vulgare and their efficacy on Blastocystis spp. cysts. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:158-163. [PMID: 29747749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Origanum majorana (O. majorana) and Foeniculum vulgare (F. vulgare) are traditionally used herbs in Egypt for treatment of several diseases including parasitic diseases. The Purpose was to determine the efficacy of O. majorana and F. vulgare aqueous extracts (AEs) on Blastocystis spp. in vitro, and to reveal their phenolic, flavonoids components and antioxidant activities through chemical analysis. METHODS The Efficacy of both plant AEs on human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) viability was assessed using MTT assay. Isolated Blastocystis spp. cysts from patients' diarrhea samples were incubated with different concentrations of O. majorana and F. vulgare AEs for different incubation periods (24, 48 and 72 h) in comparison with nitazoxanide (NTZ) as a drug control. The total contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the AEs and their ability to reduce DPPH were assessed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for quantitative and qualitative determination of the phenolic and flavonoid contents was performed. RESULTS O. majorana AE at a dose of 400 µg /ml showed efficacy rates of 96% and 100% against Blastocystis parasite after 48 and 72 h, respectively, which nearly equivalent to NTZ at a dose of 500 µg/ml. F. vulgare at a dose of 250 µg/ml showed less efficacy rate of 56.4% after 48 h and increased to 70.7% after 72 h. Both extracts contain high phenolic and flavonoid compounds that possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. CONCLUSION O. majorana and F. vulgare AEs showed dose and time dependent anti-Blastocystis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M H Méabed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Al Gamaa Street, Fayoum City 63513, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa M El-Sayed
- Department of Parasitology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa I B Abou-Sreea
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H H Roby
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt.
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Söylemez N, Yabaş E, Bölükbaşı SŞ, Sülü M. Antioxidant activities of the new tetrasubstituted metal-free, Zn(II) and Co(II) monophthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
4-[(4′-(Tert-butyl)phenoxy)phenoxy]phthalonitrile 1 has been prepared by the reaction of 4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phthalonitrile with 4-tertiarylbutylphenole. 4-((4′-tert-butyl)phenoxy)phenoxy tetrasubstituted metal-free 2, zinc(II) 3 and cobalt(II) 4 phthalocyanines have been prepared by tetramerization of compound 1. The synthesized phthalocyanines showed high solubility in common organic solvents such as CHCl[Formula: see text]. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and [Formula: see text]H-NMR, [Formula: see text]C-NMR, UV-vis, IR spectra. Aggregation behaviors of these compounds have been investigated in different solvents (CHCl[Formula: see text], THF, DMF and DMSO) and different concentrations in CHCl[Formula: see text]. The in vitro antioxidant activities of phthalocyanine compounds 2, 3 and 4 were evaluated in a series of assays involving DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Antioxidant activity of compound 2was found to be higher than that of compounds 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Söylemez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yabaş
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin Bölükbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sülü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Oliveira VB, Araújo RLB, Eidenberger T, Brandão MGL. Chemical composition and inhibitory activities on dipeptidyl peptidase IV and pancreatic lipase of two underutilized species from the Brazilian Savannah: Oxalis cordata A.St.-Hil. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. Food Res Int 2017; 105:989-995. [PMID: 29433298 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Brazil has the greatest vegetal biodiversity in the world, but products derived from native species are not optimally utilized. Oxalis cordata and Xylopia aromatica are two underutilized species whose leaves and fruits, respectively, have been used as food in the 19th century. In this study, we used chemical and in vitro assays to evaluate the potential of these species as functional foods. The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and DPP-IV were evaluated using the crude extracts and fractions ethyl acetate, butanol and water of these two species. For polyphenols determination, samples were prepared with different solvents and these were analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, fatty acids profile was determinated by gas chromatography. The crude extract (IC50=0.84mg/ml), ethyl acetate extract (IC50=0.88mg/ml) an aqueous fraction (IC50=0.63mg/ml) of C. cordata were inhibitory on pancreatic lipase but inactive against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Extracts from X. aromatica were inactive against the lipase pancreatic enzyme, but a butanolic fraction inhibited DPP-IV (IC50=0.71±0.05mg/ml). The phenolic acids orientin/isorientin, chlorogenic acid (0.32g/100g) and the flavonoid derivatives rutin (0.27g/100g), quercetin and luteolin were observed in all products. Additionally, fatty acid quantification showed that oleic (7.5g/100g) and linoleic acid (6.5g/100g) were predominant in X. aromatica fruit. This study confirms the potential for the use of both plants as functional foods due to their nutritional value, biological activity and important phytochemical content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena B Oliveira
- CEPLAMT, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel L B Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Bromatologia, Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thomas Eidenberger
- University of Applied Science Upper Austria, Campus Wels, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Maria G L Brandão
- CEPLAMT, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Optimization of the Different Variables for the Development of a Cucumber-Based Blended Herbal Beverage. BEVERAGES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages3040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yashin A, Yashin Y, Xia X, Nemzer B. Antioxidant Activity of Spices and Their Impact on Human Health: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E70. [PMID: 28914764 PMCID: PMC5618098 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are substances that prevent oxidation of other compounds or neutralize free radicals. Spices and herbs are rich sources of antioxidants. They have been used in food and beverages to enhance flavor, aroma and color. Due to their excellent antioxidant activity, spices and herbs have also been used to treat some diseases. In this review article, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of spices and culinary herbs are presented. The content of flavonoids and total polyphenols in different spices and herbs are summarized. The applications of spices and their impacts on human health are briefly described. The extraction and analytical methods for determination of antioxidant capacity are concisely reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yashin
- International Analytical Center of Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian, Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yakov Yashin
- International Analytical Center of Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian, Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Xiaoyan Xia
- Department of Research & Development, VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL 60954, USA.
| | - Boris Nemzer
- Department of Research & Development, VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL 60954, USA.
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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