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Kuzmenko NV, Tsyrlin VA, Pliss MG. Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies of Diet-Dependent Effects of Melatonin Monotherapy on Circulatory Levels of Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Glucose and Insulin in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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2
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Huang K, Luo X, Zhong Y, Deng L, Feng J. New insights into the role of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00904. [PMID: 35005848 PMCID: PMC8929360 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiovascular complications and impaired cardiac function are considered to be the main causes of death in diabetic patients worldwide, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin, as the main product secreted by the pineal gland, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes. Melatonin improves myocardial cell metabolism, reduces vascular endothelial cell death, reverses microcirculation disorders, reduces myocardial fibrosis, reduces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulates cell autophagy and apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function, all of which are the characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review focuses on the role of melatonin in DCM. We also discuss new molecular findings that might facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism. Finally, we propose potential new therapeutic strategies for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianling Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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3
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D-ribose-L-cysteine prevents oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in high fructose high fat diet fed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112017. [PMID: 34399203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome has been linked with dietary modification. Therefore, we investigated the effects of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) in rats fed with high fructose high fat (HFHF) diet. Twenty rats (n = 5), divided into 4 groups were concurrently exposed to HFHF and/or DRLC (250 mg/kg, p.o) during the 8 weeks study. The result showed that compared to control group, HFHF group had significant impairment in lipid and glucose homeostasis, increased cardiac xanthine oxidase, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, %body weight change and fluid intake. Also, there were significant reductions in HDL-C, cardiac (GPX, NO&GGT), feed intake and relative heart weight in the latter, relative to the former. However, there were no significant differences in most of the observed physical and biochemical changes in HFHF + DRLC group compared to control. DRLC alone did not disrupt the level of biomarkers. Conclusively, DRLC prevented the manifestation of oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in HFHF-diet fed rats.
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Veronesi VB, Pioli MR, de Souza DN, Teixeira CJ, Murata GM, Santos-Silva JC, Hecht FB, Vicente JM, Bordin S, Anhê GF. Agomelatine reduces circulating triacylglycerides and hepatic steatosis in fructose-treated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111807. [PMID: 34120066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine (AGO) is an antidepressant drug with agonistic activity at melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and MT2 and with neutral antagonistic activity at serotonin receptor 5-HT2C. Although experimental studies show that melatonin reduces hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by excessive fructose intake, no studies have tested if AGO exerts similar actions. To address this issue we have treated male Wistar rats with fructose (15% in the drinking water) and/or AGO (40 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. AGO reduced body weight gain, feeding efficiency and hepatic lipid levels without affecting caloric intake in fructose-treated rats. AGO has also decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and circulating TAG levels after an oral load with olive oil. Accordingly, treatment with AGO reduced the hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn), a limiting step for hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNLG). The expression of apolipoprotein B (Apob) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) in the ileum, two crucial proteins for intestinal lipoprotein production, were also downregulated by treatment with AGO. Altogether, the present data show that AGO mimics the metabolic benefits of melatonin when used in fructose-treated rats. This study also suggests that it is relevant to evaluate the potential of AGO to treat metabolic disorders in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barbosa Veronesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Pioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dailson Nogueira de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Carolina Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ballerini Hecht
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Modesto Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Zip Code: 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Flemming St., Zip Code: 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Mengesha T, Sekaran NG, Mehare T. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin on fructose induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male albino wistar rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:104. [PMID: 33785007 PMCID: PMC8011178 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, and it's likely to parallel the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other components of metabolic syndrome. However, optimal treatment for NAFLD has not been established yet. Therefore, this study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin on fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups; normal control group that consumed tap water, silymarin control group that consumed tap water and silymarin (400 mg/kg/day), fructose control group that consumed 20% fructose solution, treatment group that consumed 20% fructose solution and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day), and another treatment group that consumed 20% fructose solution and silymarin (400 mg/kg/day). Hepatic triglyceride, serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant level, morphological features, and histopathological changes were investigated. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. RESULTS This study showed that the fructose control group had a significantly high value in the stage of steatosis grade, hepatic triglyceride, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hepatic malondialdehyde concentration as compared to the normal control. However, significantly low values of reduced glutathione and plasma total antioxidant capacity were found. The altered parameters due to fructose drastic effect were ameliorated by silymarin treatment. CONCLUSIONS The fructose control group developed dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and mild steatosis that are the characteristics features of NAFLD. However, silymarin-treated groups showed amelioration in oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Mengesha
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - N. Gnana Sekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Mehare
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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6
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Romo-Nava F, Buijs RM, McElroy SL. The use of melatonin to mitigate the adverse metabolic side effects of antipsychotics. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:371-382. [PMID: 34225976 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are efficacious first-line treatments for many individuals diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. However, their adverse metabolic side-effect profile, which resembles the metabolic syndrome, represents a significant clinical problem that increases morbidity and limits treatment adherence. Moreover, the mechanisms involved in antipsychotic-induced adverse metabolic effects (AMEs) are unknown and mitigating strategies and interventions are limited. However, recent clinical trials show that nightly administration of exogenous melatonin may mitigate or even prevent antipsychotic-induced AMEs. This clinical evidence in combination with recent preclinical data implicate the circadian system in antipsychotic-induced AMEs and their mitigation. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the circadian system and its involvement in antipsychotic-induced AMEs, as well as the potential beneficial effect of nightly melatonin administration to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romo-Nava
- Lindner Center of HOPE Research Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE Research Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Zec MM, Krga I, Takić M, Debeljak-Martačić J, Korićanac G, Ranković S, Popović T, Pantelić M, Glibetic M. Walnut Consumption Induces Tissue-Specific Omega-6/Omega-3 Decrease in High-Fructose-Fed Wistar Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28136-28145. [PMID: 33163796 PMCID: PMC7643199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased dietary, blood, and tissue n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Due to Westernized dietary patterns, the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio is of growing concern worldwide, and dietary strategies aimed at its lowering are of public health importance. Walnuts are rich in dietary fats, and their consumption promotes cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to examine the effect of 6-week walnut consumption on tissue-specific n-6/n-3 ratio and fatty acid metabolic conversion in fructose-fed rats with a cluster of metabolic disorders. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet with or without 10% fructose in drinking water for 9 weeks. Diets of half of the animals were then supplemented with walnuts (2.4 g/day) for 6 weeks, upon which fatty acid profiles were determined in plasma, liver, adipose tissue, and kidney total lipids. Results showed that walnuts induced significant decreases in the n-6/n-3 content of total lipid pool in plasma and examined tissues, irrespective of metabolic burden. Walnut intervention decreased plasma and liver palmitoleic/palmitic, arachidonic/linoleic, and docosahexaenoic/α-linolenic acid ratios. It also modulated individual fatty acid levels by reducing arachidonic and palmitic acid and increasing α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acid in plasma and most tissues. Our study demonstrated that 6-week consumption of walnuts favorably modulated n-6/n-3 plasma and tissue ratio in male Wistar rats regardless of high-fructose feeding, underscoring the promising potential of walnuts in both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja M. Zec
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Irena Krga
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Laboratory
for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelić
- Laboratory
for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetic
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Sayehmiri K, Ahmadi I, Anvari E. Fructose Feeding and Hyperuricemia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:122-133. [PMID: 32395442 PMCID: PMC7192665 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose feeding has been suggested to involve in several features of metabolic syndrome including hyperuricemia (HP). We designed and implemented a study to determine the effect size of fructose intake and the relative risk of HP based on the type of fructose feeding (diet or solution), duration of treatment (2–6, 7–10, and > 10 weeks), and animal race. The required information was accepted from international databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, and etc., from 2009 until 2019 on the basis of predetermined eligibility criteria. The data selection and extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Results were pooled as random effects weighting and reported as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Thirty-five studies including 244 rats with fructose consumption were included in the final analysis. The heterogeneity rate of parameters was high (I2 = 81.3%, p < 0.001) and estimated based on; 1) type of fructose feeding (diet; I2 = 79.3%, solution 10%; I2 = 83.4%, solution 20%; I2 = 81.3%), 2) duration of treatment (2–6 weeks; I2 = 86.8%, 7–10 weeks; I2 = 76.3%, and > 10 weeks; I2 = 82.8%), 3) the animal race (Wistar; I2 = 78.6%, Sprague-Dawley; I2 = 83.9%). Overall, the pooled estimate for the all parameters was significant (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicated that a significant relationship between HP and fructose intake regardless of the treatment duration, animal race, fructose concentration and route of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931851147, Iran
| | - Iraj Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931851147, Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 6931851147, Iran
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Onaolapo AY, Adebisi EO, Adeleye AE, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo OJ. Dietary Melatonin Protects Against Behavioural, Metabolic, Oxidative, and Organ Morphological Changes in Mice that are Fed High-Fat, High- Sugar Diet. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:570-583. [PMID: 32138638 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191009161228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a complex pattern of disorders that occur jointly and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore the need for more-efficient options of treatment has become imperative. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of dietary-melatonin in the management of behavioural, metabolic, antioxidant, and organ changes due to high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned into five groups of ten animals each. Groups were normal control [fed standard diet (SD)], HFHS control, and 3 groups of melatonin incorporated into HFHS at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of feed. Mice were fed for seven weeks, and body weight was assessed weekly. Open-field behaviours, radial-arm, and Y-maze spatial memory were scored at the end of the experimental period. Twenty-four hours after the last behavioural test, blood was taken for estimation of blood glucose levels after an overnight fast. Animals were then euthanised, and blood was taken for estimation of plasma insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, and serum lipid profile. The liver, kidneys, and brain were excised and processed for general histology, while homogenates of the liver and whole brain were used to assess oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS Results showed that dietary melatonin (compared to HFHS diet) was associated with a decrease in body weight, food intake, and novelty-induced behaviours; and an increase in spatial-working memory scores. A decrease in glucose, insulin, leptin, and malondialdehyde levels; and an increase in adiponectin levels and superoxide dismutase activity were also observed. Histomorphological/ histomorphometric examination revealed evidence of organ injury with HFHS diet, and varying degrees of amelioration with melatonin-supplemented diet. CONCLUSION In conclusion, dietary melatonin supplementation may have beneficial effects in the management of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Abstract
PurposeMetabolic syndrome contains metabolic disorders that have association with other chronic diseases. Melatonin is a bioactive compound which is found in plants and also produced in the body. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of melatonin supplement on metabolic syndrome components, also leptin and adiponectin blood concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.Design/methodology/approachA double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 subjects with metabolic syndrome. Participants received 6 mg/day melatonin or placebo before bedtime for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of treatment period, blood samples were collected and biochemical parameters were measured. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric indices were examined before and after the supplementation. Independent samplet-test was used to compare changes in metabolic syndrome components between the two study groups.FindingsResults showed a significant reduction in waist circumference (−1.54 vs −0.04 cm;p= 0.036), systolic blood pressure (−3.52 vs 0.79 mmHg;p= 0.020), diastolic blood pressure (−1.50 vs 1.73 mmHg;p= 0.014), serum leptin concentration (−2.54 vs 0.27ng/ml;p= 0.041) and an elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.19 vs −0.79 mg/dl;p= 0.038) in the melatonin group compared to the placebo.Research limitations/implicationsIf insulin concentration had been measured, it might have revealed better interpretation of melatonin effect on fasting blood glucose.Originality/valueThis study showed that melatonin as a nutritional supplement improved most metabolic syndrome components and concentration of leptin in the melatonin group compared to the placebo.
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Majidinia M, Reiter RJ, Shakouri SK, Yousefi B. The role of melatonin, a multitasking molecule, in retarding the processes of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:198-213. [PMID: 30092361 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological ageing is generally accompanied by a gradual loss of cellular functions and physiological integrity of organ systems, the consequential enhancement of vulnerability, senescence and finally death. Mechanisms which underlie ageing are primarily attributed to an array of diverse but related factors including free radical-induced damage, dysfunction of mitochondria, disruption of circadian rhythms, inflammaging, genomic instability, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, deregulated sensing of nutrients, epigenetic alterations, altered intercellular communication, and decreased capacity for tissue repair. Melatonin, a prime regulator of human chronobiological and endocrine physiology, is highly reputed as an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, oncostatic, and endocrine-modulatory molecule. Interestingly, several recent reports support melatonin as an anti-ageing agent whose multifaceted functions may lessen the consequences of ageing. This review depicts four categories of melatonin's protective effects on ageing-induced molecular and structural alterations. We also summarize recent findings related to the function of melatonin during ageing in various tissues and organs.
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Dwivedi DK, Kumar D, Kwatra M, Pandey SN, Choubey P, Lahkar M, Jangra A. Voluntary alcohol consumption exacerbated high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits by NF-κB-calpain dependent apoptotic cell death in rat hippocampus: Ameliorative effect of melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1393-1403. [PMID: 30372842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern sedentary lifestyle with altered dietary habits imposes the risk of human health towards several metabolic disorders such as obesity. The metabolic insults negatively affect the mental health status and quality life of affected individuals. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on the cognitive and neurochemical deficits induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) and alcohol (ALC) alone or in combination (HFD + ALC) in rats. Male Wistar rats were given ALC (3-15% i.e. increased gradually) and HFD for 12 weeks in different experimental groups. After 12 weeks, we found that simultaneous consumption of HFD and ALC exacerbates cognitive dysfunction and neurochemical anomalies. However, melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) treatment for four weeks significantly prevented memory deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC groups. RT-PCR analysis showed down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in ALC and HFD + ALC groups. Moreover, caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) mRNA expression level were found up-regulated in hippocampus of HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC groups. However, calpain expression was found up-regulated only in the hippocampus of HFD + ALC group. Chronic treatment with melatonin significantly restored the aberrant gene expression level in HFD, ALC and HFD + ALC group. In conclusion, our findings indicated that melatonin can mitigate the HFD and ALC-induced cognitive deficits via attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain-1 dependent as well as independent caspase-3 mediated neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Surya Narayan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Priyansha Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Melatonin, leptin, and ghrelin levels in nurses working night shifts. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.443902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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High-Fructose Consumption Impairs the Redox System and Protein Quality Control in the Brain of Syrian Hamsters: Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7973-7986. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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El Midaoui A, Haddad Y, Filali-Zegzouti Y, Couture R. Argan Oil as an Effective Nutri-Therapeutic Agent in Metabolic Syndrome: A Preclinical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112492. [PMID: 29165388 PMCID: PMC5713458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims at examining the effects of argan oil on the three main cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity) and on one of its main complications, neuropathic pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had free access to a drinking solution containing 10% d-glucose or tap water for 12 weeks. The effect of argan oil was compared to that of corn oil given daily by gavage during 12 weeks in glucose-fed rats. Glucose-fed rats showed increases in systolic blood pressure, epididymal fat, plasma levels of triglycerides, leptin, glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, tactile and cold allodynia in association with a rise in superoxide anion production and NADPH oxidase activity in the thoracic aorta, epididymal fat and gastrocnemius muscle. Glucose-fed rats also showed rises in B1 receptor protein expression in aorta and gastrocnemius muscle. Argan oil prevented or significantly reduced all those anomalies with an induction in plasma adiponectin levels. In contrast, the same treatment with corn oil had a positive impact only on triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance. These data are the first to suggest that argan oil is an effective nutri-therapeutic agent to prevent the cardiovascular risk factors and complications associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Department of Biology, FST Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Haddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | | | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Cardinali DP, Vigo DE. Melatonin, mitochondria, and the metabolic syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3941-3954. [PMID: 28819865 PMCID: PMC11107716 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and elevated blood pressure are collectively known as metabolic syndrome (MS). Since mitochondrial activity is modulated by the availability of energy in cells, the disruption of key regulators of metabolism in MS not only affects the activity of mitochondria but also their dynamics and turnover. Therefore, a link of MS with mitochondrial dysfunction has been suspected since long. As a chronobiotic/cytoprotective agent, melatonin has a special place in prevention and treatment of MS. Melatonin levels are reduced in diseases associated with insulin resistance like MS. Melatonin improves sleep efficiency and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, partly for its role as a metabolic regulator and mitochondrial protector. We discuss in the present review the several cytoprotective melatonin actions that attenuate inflammatory responses in MS. The clinical data that support the potential therapeutical value of melatonin in human MS are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- BIOMED-UCA-CONICET and Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1500, 4o piso, 1107, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- BIOMED-UCA-CONICET and Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1500, 4o piso, 1107, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Hardeland R. Melatonin and the pathologies of weakened or dysregulated circadian oscillators. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27763686 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic aspects of melatonin's actions merit increasing future attention. This concerns particularly entirely different effects in senescent, weakened oscillators and in dysregulated oscillators of cancer cells that may be epigenetically blocked. This is especially obvious in the case of sirtuin 1, which is upregulated by melatonin in aged tissues, but strongly downregulated in several cancer cells. These findings are not at all controversial, but are explained on the basis of divergent changes in weakened and dysregulated oscillators. Similar findings can be expected to occur in other accessory oscillator components that are modulated by melatonin, among them several transcription factors and metabolic sensors. Another cause of opposite effects concerns differences between nocturnally active laboratory rodents and the diurnally active human. This should be more thoroughly considered in the field of metabolic syndrome and related pathologies, especially with regard to type 2 diabetes and other aspects of insulin resistance. Melatonin was reported to impair glucose tolerance in humans, especially in carriers of the risk allele of the MT2 receptor gene, MTNR1B, that contains the SNP rs10830963. These findings contrast with numerous reports on improvements of glucose tolerance in preclinical studies. However, the relationship between melatonin and insulin may be more complex, as indicated by loss-of-function mutants of the MT2 receptor that are also prodiabetic, by the age-dependent time course of risk allele overexpression, by progressive reduction in circadian amplitudes and melatonin secretion, which are aggravated in diabetes. By supporting high-amplitude rhythms, melatonin may be beneficial in preventing or delaying diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Fructose Beverage Consumption Induces a Metabolic Syndrome Phenotype in the Rat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090577. [PMID: 27657120 PMCID: PMC5037561 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A high intake of refined carbohydrates, particularly the monosaccharide fructose, has been attributed to the growing epidemics of obesity and type-2 diabetes. Animal studies have helped elucidate the metabolic effects of dietary fructose, however, variations in study design make it difficult to draw conclusions. The aim of this study was to review the effects of fructose beverage consumption on body weight, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations in validated rat models. We searched Ovid Embase Classic + EmbaseMedline and Ovid Medline databases and included studies that used adolescent/adult male rats, with fructose beverage consumption for >3 weeks. Data from 26 studies were pooled by an inverse variance weighting method using random effects models, expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, 10%–21% w/v fructose beverage consumption was associated with increased rodent body weight (SMD, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.18, 1.06)), systolic blood pressure (SMD, 2.94 (95% CI: 2.10, 3.77)) and blood glucose (SMD, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.36, 1.19)), insulin (SMD, 2.32 (95% CI: 1.57, 3.07)) and triglyceride (SMD, 1.87 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.34)) concentrations. Therefore, the consumption of a low concentration fructose beverage is sufficient to cause early signs of the metabolic syndrome in adult rats.
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Ríos-Lugo MJ, Jiménez-Ortega V, Cano-Barquilla P, Mateos PF, Spinedi EJ, Cardinali DP, Esquifino AI. Melatonin counteracts changes in hypothalamic gene expression of signals regulating feeding behavior in high-fat fed rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:175-83. [PMID: 25719335 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that the administration of melatonin caused body weight and abdominal visceral fat reductions in rodent models of hyperadiposity. The objective of the present study performed in high-fat fed rats was to evaluate the activity of melatonin on gene expression of some medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) signals involved in feeding behavior regulation, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), leptin- and insulin-receptors (R) and insulin-R substrate (IRS)-1 and -2. Blood levels of leptin and adiponectin were also measured. METHODS Adult Wistar male rats were divided into four groups (n=16 per group): (i) control diet (3% fat); (ii) high-fat (35%) diet; (iii) high-fat diet+melatonin; (iv) control diet+melatonin. Rats had free access to high-fat or control chow and one of the following drinking solutions: (a) tap water; (b) 25 μg/mL of melatonin. RESULTS After 10 weeks, the high-fat fed rats showed augmented MBH mRNA levels of NPY, leptin-R, PrRP, insulin-R, IRS-1 and IRS-2. The concomitant administration of melatonin counteracted this increase. Feeding of rats with a high-fat diet augmented expression of the MBH POMC gene through an effect insensitive to melatonin treatment. The augmented levels of circulating leptin and adiponectin seen in high-fat fed rats were counteracted by melatonin as was the augmented body weight: melatonin significantly attenuated a body weight increase in high-fat fed rats without affecting chow or water consumption. Melatonin augmented plasma leptin and adiponectin in control rats. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that an effect on gene expression of feeding behavior signals at the central nervous system (CNS) may complement a peripheral rise of the energy expenditure produced by melatonin to decrease body weight in high-fat fed rats.
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Paul R, Borah A. The potential physiological crosstalk and interrelationship between two sovereign endogenous amines, melatonin and homocysteine. Life Sci 2015; 139:97-107. [PMID: 26281918 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant melatonin and the non-proteinogenic excitotoxic amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) are very distinct but related reciprocally to each other in their mode of action. The elevated Hcy level has been implicated in several disease pathologies ranging from cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases to neurodegeneration owing largely to its free radical generating potency. Interestingly, melatonin administration potentially normalizes the elevated Hcy level, thereby protecting the cells from the undesired Hcy-induced excitotoxicity and cell death. However, the exact mechanism and between them remain obscure. Through literature survey we have found an indistinct but a vital link between melatonin and Hcy i.e., the existence of reciprocal regulation between them, and this aspect has been thoroughly described herein. In this review, we focus on all the possibilities of co-regulation of melatonin and Hcy at the level of their production and metabolism both in basal and in pathological conditions, and appraised the potential of melatonin in ameliorating homocysteinemia-induced cellular stresses. Also, we have summarized the differential mode of action of melatonin and Hcy on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Paul
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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22
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Melatonin reduces obesity and restores adipokine patterns and metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:891-900. [PMID: 26250620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity, leading to metabolic complications, is now recognized as a major public health problem. The adipocytes are not merely energy-storing cells, but they play crucial roles in the development of the so-called metabolic syndrome due to the adipocyte-derived bioactive factors such as adipokines, cytokines, and growth factors. The dysregulated production and secretion of adipokines seen in obesity is linked to the pathogenesis of the metabolic disease processes. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary melatonin administration would support an anti-inflammatory response and play an important role in energy metabolism in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of obese mice and so may counteract some of the disruptive effects of obesity. Lean and obese mice (ob/ob) received melatonin or vehicle in drinking water for 8 weeks. Thereafter, they were evaluated for morphologic alteration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the adipokine patterns in visceral and subcutaneous white fat depots. In obese mice treated with vehicle, we observed a significant increase in fat depots, inflammation, and a dysregulation of the adipokine network. In particular, we measured a significant reduction of adiponectin and an increase of tumor necrosis factor α, resistin, and visfatin in adipose tissue deposits. These changes were partially reversed when melatonin was supplemented to obese mice. Melatonin supplementation by regulating inflammatory infiltration ameliorates obesity-induced adipokine alteration, whereas melatonin administration in lean mice was unaffected. Thus, it is likely that melatonin would be provided in supplement form to control some of the disruptive effects on the basis of obesity pathogenic process.
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Kantar Ş, Türközkan N, Bircan FS, Paşaoğlu ÖT. Beneficial effects of melatonin on serum nitric oxide, homocysteine, and ADMA levels in fructose-fed rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1035-41. [PMID: 25609150 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.957782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Melatonin, a pineal hormone and a potent antioxidant, has important roles in metabolic regulation. OBJECTIVE This study investigated serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine (Hcy), nitric oxide (NO) levels, known to be reliable markers of cardiovascular diseases, and determined possible protective effects of melatonin in fructose-fed rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, fructose, melatonin, and fructose plus melatonin. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by 20% (w/v) fructose solution in tap water, and melatonin was administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg bw per day by oral gavage. After 8 weeks, serum lipids, glucose, insulin, ADMA, Hcy, and NOx (the stable end products of NO) levels were quantified. RESULTS Fructose administration caused a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum insulin, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol levels compared with the control group and the metabolic syndrome model was successfully demonstrated. In comparison with the control group, fructose caused a significant increase in serum ADMA, Hcy, and NOx levels. Melatonin counteracted the changes in SBP, serum ADMA, and Hcy levels found in rats both alone and administered with fructose. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results show that high fructose consumption leads to elevated SBP, atherogenic lipid profile, increased serum ADMA, and Hcy levels and melatonin treatment has beneficial effects on these biochemical parameters in rats. Melatonin might be beneficial for the prevention and/or treatment of the cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome not only by reducing the well-known risk factors of the disease but also by diminishing blood ADMA and Hcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Kantar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey and
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24
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Ramin CA, Massa J, Wegrzyn LR, Brown SB, Pierre-Paul J, Devore EE, Hankinson SE, Schernhammer ES. The association of body size in early to mid-life with adult urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels among night shift health care workers. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:467. [PMID: 25943349 PMCID: PMC4424517 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult body mass index (BMI) has been associated with urinary melatonin levels in humans; however, whether earlier-life body size is associated with melatonin, particularly among night shift workers, remains unknown. Methods We evaluated associations of birth weight, body shape (or somatotype) at ages 5 and 10, BMI at age 18 and adulthood, weight change since age 18, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and height with creatinine-adjusted morning urinary melatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin, aMT6s) levels among 1,343 healthy women (aged 32–53 at urine collection, 1996–1999) in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) II cohort. Using multivariable linear regression, we computed least-square mean aMT6s levels across categories of body size, and evaluated whether these associations were modified by night shift work. Results Adult BMI was inversely associated with aMT6s levels (mean aMT6s levels = 34 vs. 50 ng/mg creatinine, comparing adult BMI ≥30 vs. <20 kg/m2; Ptrend <0.0001); however, other measures of body size were not related to aMT6s levels after accounting for adult BMI. Night shifts worked prior to urine collection, whether recent or cumulatively over time, did not modify the association between adult BMI and aMT6s levels (e.g., Pinteraction = 0.72 for night shifts worked within two weeks of urine collection). Conclusions Our results suggest that adult BMI, but not earlier measures of body size, is associated with urinary aMT6s levels in adulthood. These observations did not vary by night shift work status, and suggest that adult BMI may be an important mechanism by which melatonin levels are altered and subsequently influence chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Ramin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jennifer Massa
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lani R Wegrzyn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Susan B Brown
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Applied Cancer Research - Institution for Translational Research Vienna (ACR-ITR VIEnna), Vienna, Austria.
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Bernasconi PAS, Cardoso NP, Reynoso R, Scacchi P, Cardinali DP. Melatonin and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on the hypophysial-testicular axis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 16:101-12. [PMID: 25436751 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Combinations of fructose- and fat-rich diets in experimental animals can model the human metabolic syndrome (MS). In rats, the increase in blood pressure (BP) after diet manipulation is sex related and highly dependent on testosterone secretion. However, the extent of the impact of diet on rodent hypophysial-testicular axis remains undefined. In the present study, rats drinking a 10% fructose solution or fed a high-fat (35%) diet for 10 weeks had higher plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and lower plasma levels of testosterone, without significant changes in circulating follicle-stimulating hormone or the weight of most reproductive organs. Diet manipulation brought about a significant increase in body weight, systolic BP, area under the curve (AUC) of glycemia after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid levels. The concomitant administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL of drinking water) normalized the abnormally high LH levels but did not affect the inhibited testosterone secretion found in fructose- or high-fat-fed rats. Rather, melatonin per se inhibited testosterone secretion. Melatonin significantly blunted the body weight and systolic BP increase, the increase in the AUC of glycemia after an IPGTT, and the changes in circulating lipid profile and uric acid found in both MS models. The results are compatible with a primary inhibition of testicular function in diet-induced MS in rats and with the partial effectiveness of melatonin to counteract the metabolic but not the testicular sequelae of rodent MS.
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Cano Barquilla P, Pagano ES, Jiménez-Ortega V, Fernández-Mateos P, Esquifino AI, Cardinali DP. Melatonin normalizes clinical and biochemical parameters of mild inflammation in diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:280-90. [PMID: 25113124 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin to affect mild inflammation in the metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-fat diet in rats. Adult Wistar male rats were divided into four groups (n = 16/group): (i) control diet (3% fat); (ii) high-fat (35%) diet; (iii) high-fat diet + melatonin; and (iv) melatonin. Rats had free access to high-fat or control chow and one of the following drinking solutions for 10 wk: (a) tap water; (b) 25 μg/mL of melatonin. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at two time intervals, that is, the middle of daylight period and the middle of the scotophase. In addition, a number of somatic and metabolic components employed clinically to monitor the MS were measured. Melatonin decreased the augmented circulating levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CRP seen in obese rats and restored the depressed levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Rats fed with the high-fat diet showed significantly higher body weights and augmented systolic blood pressure from the third and fourth week onwards, respectively, melatonin effectively preventing these changes. In high-fat-fed rats, circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentration augmented significantly, melatonin being effective to counteract these changes. Melatonin-treated rats showed a decreased insulin resistance, the highest values of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and the lowest values of plasma uric acid. The results indicate that melatonin is able to normalize the altered biochemical pro-inflammatory profile seen in rats fed with a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cano Barquilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Nduhirabandi F, Huisamen B, Strijdom H, Blackhurst D, Lochner A. Short-term melatonin consumption protects the heart of obese rats independent of body weight change and visceral adiposity. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:317-32. [PMID: 25187154 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic melatonin treatment has been shown to prevent the harmful effects of diet-induced obesity and reduce myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the exact mechanism whereby it exerts its beneficial actions on the heart in obesity/insulin resistance remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of relatively short-term melatonin treatment on the heart in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Control and diet-induced obese Wistar rats (fed a high calorie diet for 20 wk) were each subdivided into three groups receiving drinking water with or without melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) for the last 6 or 3 wk of experimentation. A number of isolated hearts were perfused in the working mode, subjected to regional or global ischaemia-reperfusion; others were nonperfused. Metabolic parameters, myocardial infarct sizes (IFS), baseline and postischaemic activation of PKB/Akt, ERK42/44, GSK-3β and STAT-3 were determined. Diet-induced obesity caused increases in body weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels with a concomitant cardiac hypertrophy, large postischaemic myocardial IFSs and a reduced cardiac output. Melatonin treatment (3 and 6 wk) decreased serum insulin levels and the HOMA index (P < 0.05) with no effect on weight gain (after 3 wk), visceral adiposity, serum TG and glucose levels. It increased serum adiponectin levels, reduced myocardial IFSs in both groups and activated baseline myocardial STAT-3 and PKB/Akt, ERK42/44 and GSK-3β during reperfusion. Overall, short-term melatonin administration to obese/insulin resistant rats reduced insulin resistance and protected the heart against ex vivo myocardial IRI independently of body weight change and visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Nduhirabandi
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Laudon M, Frydman-Marom A. Therapeutic effects of melatonin receptor agonists on sleep and comorbid disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15924-50. [PMID: 25207602 PMCID: PMC4200764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several melatonin receptors agonists (ramelteon, prolonged-release melatonin, agomelatine and tasimelteon) have recently become available for the treatment of insomnia, depression and circadian rhythms sleep-wake disorders. The efficacy and safety profiles of these compounds in the treatment of the indicated disorders are reviewed. Accumulating evidence indicates that sleep-wake disorders and co-existing medical conditions are mutually exacerbating. This understanding has now been incorporated into the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). Therefore, when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of sleep drugs, it is pertinent to also evaluate their effects on wake and comorbid condition. Beneficial effects of melatonin receptor agonists on comorbid neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and metabolic symptomatology beyond sleep regulation are also described. The review underlines the beneficial value of enhancing physiological sleep in comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Laudon
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 27 Habarzel St. Tel-Aviv 6971039, Israel.
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Navarro-Alarcón M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, A-Serrano MM, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Fernández-Vázquez G, Agil A. Melatonin and metabolic regulation: a review. Food Funct 2014; 5:2806-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cardinali DP, Vigo DE, Olivar N, Vidal MF, Brusco LI. Melatonin Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:245-77. [PMID: 26784870 PMCID: PMC4665493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health problem and a growing recognition exists that efforts to prevent it must be undertaken by both governmental and non-governmental organizations. In this context, the pineal product, melatonin, has a promising significance because of its chronobiotic/cytoprotective properties potentially useful for a number of aspects of AD. One of the features of advancing age is the gradual decrease in circulating melatonin levels. A limited number of therapeutic trials have indicated that melatonin has a therapeutic value as a neuroprotective drug in the treatment of AD and minimal cognitive impairment (which may evolve to AD). Both in vitro and in vivo, melatonin prevented the neurodegeneration seen in experimental models of AD. For these effects to occur, doses of melatonin about two orders of magnitude higher than those required to affect sleep and circadian rhythmicity are needed. More recently, attention has been focused on the development of potent melatonin analogs with prolonged effects, which were employed in clinical trials in sleep-disturbed or depressed patients in doses considerably higher than those employed for melatonin. In view that the relative potencies of the analogs are higher than that of the natural compound, clinical trials employing melatonin in the range of 50-100 mg/day are urgently needed to assess its therapeutic validity in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires 1007, Argentina.
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires 1007, Argentina.
| | - Natividad Olivar
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - María F Vidal
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - Luis I Brusco
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
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Hasnain M, Vieweg WVR. Weight considerations in psychotropic drug prescribing and switching. Postgrad Med 2013; 125:117-29. [PMID: 24113670 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2013.09.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our review describes potential weight-altering effects of psychotropic medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, sedative-hypnotics, medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other psychotropic medications) and offers guidance on switching a medication if its weight-altering effect becomes problematic. For second-generation antipsychotics, the risk of weight gain is high with clozapine and olanzapine, low with amisulpride, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone, and medium with other second-generation antipsychotics. Switching from a high-risk antipsychotic to a low-risk antipsychotic usually mitigates or reverses weight gain. For second-generation antidepressants, there may be modest weight loss with bupropion and modest weight gain with mirtazapine and paroxetine. Other second-generation antidepressants are weight neutral but individual variations can occur. If significant change in weight occurs, switching to or adding a low-risk second-generation antidepressant should be considered. Mood stabilizers include lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, and most second-generation antipsychotics. Risk of weight gain is high with lithium and valproate and low with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and oxcarbazepine. Given the complexity of bipolar disorder and its management, a switch of a mood stabilizer would be best done by a psychiatrist. Benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine and melatonergic hypnotics, doxepin, and trazodone are weight neutral. Diphenhydramine may cause weight-gain and can be switched to a weight-neutral hypnotic if needed. Stimulants can cause varying degrees of weight loss and switching to atomoxetine or bupropion may reverse this problem. If that fails, switching to clonidine or guanfacine can be tried. Switching must be evidence-based and take into account status of the condition being treated, efficacy, side effect profile, potential drug-drug interactions, required laboratory monitoring and cost of the drug(s) being considered, and patient's pregnancy status or plan. Non-pharmacological interventions both for mental disorders and overweight/obesity must be fully availed.
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Hardeland R. Melatonin and the theories of aging: a critical appraisal of melatonin's role in antiaging mechanisms. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:325-56. [PMID: 24112071 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classic theories of aging such as the free radical theory, including its mitochondria-related versions, have largely focused on a few specific processes of senescence. Meanwhile, numerous interconnections have become apparent between age-dependent changes previously thought to proceed more or less independently. Increased damage by free radicals is not only linked to impairments of mitochondrial function, but also to inflammaging as it occurs during immune remodeling and by release of proinflammatory cytokines from mitotically arrested, DNA-damaged cells that exhibit the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Among other effects, SASP can cause mutations in stem cells that reduce the capacity for tissue regeneration or, in worst case, lead to cancer stem cells. Oxidative stress has also been shown to promote telomere attrition. Moreover, damage by free radicals is connected to impaired circadian rhythmicity. Another nexus exists between cellular oscillators and metabolic sensing, in particular to the aging-suppressor SIRT1, which acts as an accessory clock protein. Melatonin, being a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule, interacts directly or indirectly with all the processes mentioned. These influences are critically reviewed, with emphasis on data from aged organisms and senescence-accelerated animals. The sometimes-controversial findings obtained either in a nongerontological context or in comparisons of tumor with nontumor cells are discussed in light of evidence obtained in senescent organisms. Although, in mammals, lifetime extension by melatonin has been rarely documented in a fully conclusive way, a support of healthy aging has been observed in rodents and is highly likely in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Long-term melatonin administration improves glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance state in high-fat-diet fed rats. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEmerging evidence support an important role of reactive oxygen species in various forms of insulin resistance. It is identified that melatonin has antioxidant properties and prevents toxic effects of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we sought to assess the involvement of melatonin in the progression of insulin resistance in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Male rats were fed with a control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with melatonin (5 mg kg−1, i.p.) for 10 weeks. Glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, antioxidative potency, and metabolic profiles in the rats were evaluated. Our results showed that a HFD led to increasing body mass, adipose tissue weight, plasma insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), and decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in rats. There was also a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, oxidative stress markers both in the plasma and liver. An enhanced hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase (PEPCK) activity and RNA expression were observed. Impaired insulin signaling was evidenced by reducing insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) tyrosine phosphorylation and protein kinase B (PKB) serine phosphorylation in response to insulin. Overactivation of stress-activated protein kinases JNK was also observed in the liver of HFD rats. However, simultaneous administration of melatonin to HFD rats significantly reduced oxidative stress in the system and liver, markedly improved impaired glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, antioxidative potency, metabolic profiles and all the aforesaid adverse changes in HFD rats. Our results demonstrated that anti-oxidative property of melatonin is sufficient to ameliorate the insulin resistance condition, leading to the improvement of glucose homeostasis and the restoration of hepatic insulin signaling in a rat model of HFD-induced insulin resistance.
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