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Hong J, Medzikovic L, Sun W, Wong B, Ruffenach G, Rhodes CJ, Brownstein A, Liang LL, Aryan L, Li M, Vadgama A, Kurt Z, Schwantes-An TH, Mickler EA, Gräf S, Eyries M, Lutz KA, Pauciulo MW, Trembath RC, Perros F, Montani D, Morrell NW, Soubrier F, Wilkins MR, Nichols WC, Aldred MA, Desai AA, Trégouët DA, Umar S, Saggar R, Channick R, Tuder RM, Geraci MW, Stearman RS, Yang X, Eghbali M. Integrative Multiomics in the Lung Reveals a Protective Role of Asporin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2024; 150:1268-1287. [PMID: 39167456 PMCID: PMC11473243 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrative multiomics can elucidate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathobiology, but procuring human PAH lung samples is rare. METHODS We leveraged transcriptomic profiling and deep phenotyping of the largest multicenter PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control) by integration with clinicopathologic data, genome-wide association studies, Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell transcriptomics, and pharmacotranscriptomics. RESULTS We identified 2 potentially protective gene network modules associated with vascular cells, and we validated ASPN, coding for asporin, as a key hub gene that is upregulated as a compensatory response to counteract PAH. We found that asporin is upregulated in lungs and plasma of multiple independent PAH cohorts and correlates with reduced PAH severity. We show that asporin inhibits proliferation and transforming growth factor-β/phosphorylated SMAD2/3 signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH lungs. We demonstrate in Sugen-hypoxia rats that ASPN knockdown exacerbated PAH and recombinant asporin attenuated PAH. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative systems biology approach to dissect the PAH lung transcriptome uncovered asporin as a novel protective target with therapeutic potential in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Wasila Sun
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Brenda Wong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Grégoire Ruffenach
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Adam Brownstein
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lloyd L Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Laila Aryan
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Min Li
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Arjun Vadgama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK (Z.K.)
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (T.-H.S.-A., E.A.M., M.A.A., A.A.D., R.S.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A Mickler
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (T.-H.S.-A., E.A.M., M.A.A., A.A.D., R.S.S.)
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G., N.W.M.)
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Département de Génétique, Paris, France (M. Eyries)
| | - Katie A Lutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (K.A.L., M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (K.A.L., M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK (R.C.T.)
| | - Frédéric Perros
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France (F.P.)
| | - David Montani
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (D.M.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (D.M.)
- UMR_S 999, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Groupe Hospitalier Marie-Lannelongue-Saint Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (D.M.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G., N.W.M.)
| | | | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (C.J.R., M.R.W.)
| | - William C Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (K.A.L., M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Micheala A Aldred
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (T.-H.S.-A., E.A.M., M.A.A., A.A.D., R.S.S.)
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (T.-H.S.-A., E.A.M., M.A.A., A.A.D., R.S.S.)
| | | | - Soban Umar
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Richard Channick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (J.H., B.W., A.B., L.L.L., A.V., R.S., R.C.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.M.T.)
| | - Mark W Geraci
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.W.G.)
| | - Robert S Stearman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis (T.-H.S.-A., E.A.M., M.A.A., A.A.D., R.S.S.)
| | - Xia Yang
- Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (L.M., W.S., G.R., L.A., M.L., S.U., M. Eghbali), University of California, Los Angeles
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2
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Krzyżewska A, Kurakula K. Sex Dimorphism in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Autoimmune Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:2169-2190. [PMID: 39145392 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, incurable, and progressive disease. Although there is increasing evidence that immune disorders, particularly those associated with connective tissue diseases, are a strong predisposing factor in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is currently a lack of knowledge about the detailed molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. Exploring this topic is crucial because patients with an immune disorder combined with PAH have a worse prognosis and higher mortality compared with patients with other PAH subtypes. Moreover, data recorded worldwide show that the prevalence of PAH in women is 2× to even 4× higher than in men, and the ratio of PAH associated with autoimmune diseases is even higher (9:1). Sexual dimorphism in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease was explained for many years by the action of female sex hormones. However, there are increasing reports of interactions between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, and differences in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease may be controlled not only by sex hormones but also by sex chromosome pathways that are not dependent on the gonads. This review discusses the role of estrogen and genetic factors including the role of genes located on the X chromosome, as well as the potential protective role of the Y chromosome in sexual dimorphism, which is prominent in the occurrence of PAH associated with autoimmune diseases. Moreover, an overview of animal models that could potentially play a role in further investigating the aforementioned link was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krzyżewska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Free University Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.K.)
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3
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Corboz MR, Nguyen TL, Stautberg A, Cipolla D, Perkins WR, Chapman RW. Current Overview of the Biology and Pharmacology in Sugen/Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2024; 37:241-283. [PMID: 39388691 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2024.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sugen 5416/hypoxia (Su/Hx) rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) demonstrates most of the distinguishing features of PAH in humans, including increased wall thickness and obstruction of the small pulmonary arteries along with plexiform lesion formation. Recently, significant advancement has been made describing the epidemiology, genomics, biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology in Su/Hx challenge in rats. For example, there are differences in the overall reactivity to Su/Hx challenge in different rat strains and only female rats respond to estrogen treatments. These conditions are also encountered in human subjects with PAH. Also, there is a good translation in both the biochemical and metabolic pathways in the pulmonary vasculature and right heart between Su/Hx rats and humans, particularly during the transition from the adaptive to the nonadaptive phase of right heart failure. Noninvasive techniques such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have recently been used to evaluate the progression of the pulmonary vascular and cardiac hemodynamics, which are important parameters to monitor the efficacy of drug treatment over time. From a pharmacological perspective, most of the compounds approved clinically for the treatment of PAH are efficacious in Su/Hx rats. Several compounds that show efficacy in Su/Hx rats have advanced into phase II/phase III studies in humans with positive results. Results from these drug trials, if successful, will provide additional treatment options for patients with PAH and will also further validate the excellent translation that currently exists between Su/Hx rats and the human PAH condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tam L Nguyen
- Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Lawrence A, Myall KJ, Mukherjee B, Marino P. Converging Pathways: A Review of Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1203. [PMID: 39337985 PMCID: PMC11433497 DOI: 10.3390/life14091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is relatively common, affecting up to 50% of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It occurs more frequently in advanced fibrotic ILD, although it may also complicate milder disease and carries significant clinical implications in terms of morbidity and mortality. Key pathological processes driving ILD-PH include hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodelling. While current understanding of the complex cell signalling pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying ILD-PH remains incomplete, there is evidence for an interplay between the disease pathogenesis of fibrotic ILD and PH, with interest in the role of the pulmonary endothelium in driving pulmonary fibrogenesis more recently. This review examines key clinical trials in ILD-PH therapeutics, including recent research showing promise for the treatment of both ILD-PH and the underlying pulmonary fibrotic process, further supporting the hypothesis of interrelated pathogenesis. Other important management considerations are discussed, including the value of accurate phenotyping in ILD-PH and the success of the "pulmonary vascular" phenotype. This article highlights the close and interconnected nature of fibrotic ILD and PH disease pathogenesis, a perspective likely to improve our understanding and therapeutic approach to this complex condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Jane Myall
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
- King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Bhashkar Mukherjee
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Philip Marino
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
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5
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Zhang Y, Li X, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Sun L. Immunotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From the Pathogenesis to Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8427. [PMID: 39125996 PMCID: PMC11313500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disease, which may lead to severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. As one of the main PH disease groups, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction. Increased pulmonary artery resistance consequently causes right heart failure, which is the major reason for morbidity and mortality in this disease. Although various treatment strategies have been available, the poor clinical prognosis of patients with PAH reminds us that further studies of the pathological mechanism of PAH are still needed. Inflammation has been elucidated as relevant to the initiation and progression of PAH, and plays a crucial and functional role in vascular remodeling. Many immune cells and cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the pulmonary vascular lesions in PAH patients, with the activation of downstream signaling pathways related to inflammation. Consistently, this influence has been found to correlate with the progression and clinical outcome of PAH, indicating that immunity and inflammation may have significant potential in PAH therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity in PAH development, focusing on the potential targets and clinical application of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
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6
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Lotsios NS, Keskinidou C, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Langleben D, Orfanos SE, Vassiliou AG. Effects of Modulating BMP9, BMPR2, and AQP1 on BMP Signaling in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8043. [PMID: 39125626 PMCID: PMC11311989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Mutations in the BMPR2 and AQP1 genes have been described in familial PAH. The bone morphogenetic proteins BMP9 and BMP10 bind with high affinity to BMPR2. Administration of BMP9 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy against PAH, although recent conflicting evidence dispute the effect of such a practice. Considering the involvement of the above molecules in PAH onset, progression, and therapeutic value, we examined the effects of modulation of BMP9, BMPR2, and AQP1 on BMP9, BMP10, BMPR2, AQP1, and TGFB1 expression in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that silencing the BMPR2 gene resulted in increased expression of its two main ligands, namely BMP9 and BMP10. Exogenous administration of BMP9 caused the return of BMP10 to basal levels, while it restored the decreased AQP1 protein levels and the decreased TGFB1 mRNA and protein expression levels caused by BMPR2 silencing. Moreover, AQP1 gene silencing also resulted in increased expression of BMP9 and BMP10. Our results might possibly imply that the effect of exogenously administered BMP9 on molecules participating in the BMP signaling pathway could depend on the expression levels of BMPR2. Taken together, these results may provide insight into the highly complex interactions of the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos S. Lotsios
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - David Langleben
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Azrieli Heart Center and Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (N.S.L.); (C.K.); (I.D.); (A.K.)
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7
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Correale M, Tricarico L, Bevere EML, Chirivì F, Croella F, Severino P, Mercurio V, Magrì D, Dini F, Licordari R, Beltrami M, Dattilo G, Salzano A, Palazzuoli A. Circulating Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update. Biomolecules 2024; 14:552. [PMID: 38785959 PMCID: PMC11117582 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, RV remodeling, cellular hypoxia, metabolic imbalance, and thrombosis. These mechanisms are mediated by several pathways, involving molecules like nitric oxide and prostacyclin. PAH diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and right heart catheterization, confirming a value of mPAP ≥ 20 mmHg at rest and often elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Even if an early and accurate diagnosis is crucial, PAH still lacks effective biomarkers to assist in its diagnosis and prognosis. Biomarkers could contribute to arousing clinical suspicion and serve for prognosis prediction, risk stratification, and dynamic monitoring in patients with PAH. The aim of the present review is to report the main novelties on new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.T.); (E.M.L.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.T.); (E.M.L.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.T.); (E.M.L.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Croella
- Cardiothoracic Vascular Department, Division of Provincial Cardiology, Santissima Annunziata Hospital and Delta Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Mercurio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, “Sapienza” Università degli Studi di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frank Dini
- Istituto Auxologico IRCCS, Centro Medico Sant’Agostino, Via Temperanza, 6, 20127 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roberto Licordari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Matteo Beltrami
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Dattilo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Cardiology Unit, AORN A Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Palazzuoli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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8
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Bahi M, Li C, Wang G, Korman BD. Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bedside to Bench and Back Again. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4728. [PMID: 38731946 PMCID: PMC11084945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis which affects the skin and internal organs. One key aspect of SSc vasculopathy is pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) which represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is complex, with multiple vascular cell types, inflammation, and intracellular signaling pathways contributing to vascular pathology and remodeling. In this review, we focus on shared molecular features of pulmonary hypertension and those which make SSc-PAH a unique entity. We highlight advances in the understanding of the clinical and translational science pertinent to this disease. We first review clinical presentations and phenotypes, pathology, and novel biomarkers, and then highlight relevant animal models, key cellular and molecular pathways in pathogenesis, and explore emerging treatment strategies in SSc-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin D. Korman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 695, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.B.)
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9
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Papaioannou I, Dritsoula A, Kang P, Baliga RS, Trinder SL, Cook E, Shiwen X, Hobbs AJ, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Ponticos M. NKX2-5 regulates vessel remodeling in scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164191. [PMID: 38652537 PMCID: PMC11141943 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NKX2-5 is a member of the homeobox-containing transcription factors critical in regulating tissue differentiation in development. Here, we report a role for NKX2-5 in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in vitro and in vascular remodeling in vivo. NKX2-5 is upregulated in scleroderma patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Suppression of NKX2-5 expression in smooth muscle cells halted vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration, enhanced contractility, and blocked the expression of extracellular matrix genes. Conversely, overexpression of NKX2-5 suppressed the expression of contractile genes (ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1) and enhanced the expression of matrix genes (COL1) in vascular smooth muscle cells. In vivo, conditional deletion of NKX2-5 attenuated blood vessel remodeling and halted the progression to hypertension in a mouse chronic hypoxia model. This study revealed that signals related to injury such as serum and low confluence, which induce NKX2-5 expression in cultured cells, is potentiated by TGF-β and further enhanced by hypoxia. The effect of TGF-β was sensitive to ERK5 and PI3K inhibition. Our data suggest a pivotal role for NKX2-5 in the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells during pathological vascular remodeling and provide proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of NKX2-5 in vasculopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5/genetics
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/genetics
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/etiology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/complications
- Scleroderma, Systemic/metabolism
- Scleroderma, Systemic/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papaioannou
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Dritsoula
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Kang
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma S. Baliga
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Trinder
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cook
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Shiwen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Denton
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Abraham
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markella Ponticos
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Zanotto TM, Gonçalves AEDSS, Saad MJA. Pulmonary hypertension and insulin resistance: a mechanistic overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1283233. [PMID: 38239990 PMCID: PMC10794542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1283233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease, characterized by increased blood pressure levels in pulmonary circulation, leading to a restriction in the circulation flow and heart failure. Although the emergence of new PAH therapies has increased survival rates, this disease still has a high mortality and patients that receive diagnosis die within a few years. The pathogenesis of PAH involves multiple pathways, with a complex interaction of local and distant cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and transcription factors, leading to an inflammation that changes the vascular anatomy in PAH patients. These abnormalities involve more than just the lungs, but also other organs, and between these affected organs there are different metabolic dysfunctions implied. Recently, several publications demonstrated in PAH patients a disturbance in glucose metabolism, demonstrated by higher levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids in those patients. It is possible that a common molecular mechanism can have a significant role in this connection. In this regard, this narrative review intends to focus on the recent papers that mainly discuss the molecular determinants between insulin resistance (IR) associated PAH, which included obesity subclinical inflammation induced IR, PPAR gamma and Adiponectin, BMPR2, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, the following review will summarize some of the existing data for IR associated PAH, focusing on the better understanding of PAH molecular mechanisms, for the development of new translational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires M. Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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11
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Lee D, Lee H, Jo HN, Yun E, Kwon BS, Kim J, Lee A. Endothelial periostin regulates vascular remodeling by promoting endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:1-14. [PMID: 38186856 PMCID: PMC10769143 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, vascular cell hyperproliferation, and neointima formation in the small pulmonary artery. Endothelial dysfunction is considered a key feature in the initiation of vascular remodeling. Although vasodilators have been used for the treatment of PAH, it remains a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic targets for PAH treatment. Periostin (POSTN) is a secretory ECM protein involved in physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue remodeling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Although POSTN has been proposed as a potential target for PAH treatment, its role in endothelial cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that POSTN upregulation correlates with PAH by analyzing a public microarray conducted on the lung tissues of patients with PAH and biological experimental results from in vivo and in vitro models. Moreover, POSTN overexpression leads to ECM deposition and endothelial abnormalities such as migration. We found that PAH-associated endothelial dysfunction is mediated at least in part by the interaction between POSTN and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK), followed by activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling. Silencing POSTN or ILK decreases PAH-related stimuli-induced ECM accumulation and attenuates endothelial abnormalities. In conclusion, our study suggests that POSTN serves as a critical regulator of PAH by regulating vascular remodeling, and targeting its role as a potential therapeutic strategy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-neul Jo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsik Yun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Haqqani AS, Mianoor Z, Star AT, Detcheverry FE, Delaney CE, Stanimirovic DB, Hamel E, Badhwar A. Proteome Profiling of Brain Vessels in a Mouse Model of Cerebrovascular Pathology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1500. [PMID: 38132326 PMCID: PMC10740654 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pathology that involves altered protein levels (or signaling) of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family has been associated with various forms of age-related dementias, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Transgenic mice overexpressing TGFβ1 in the brain (TGF mice) recapitulate VCID-associated cerebrovascular pathology and develop cognitive deficits in old age or when submitted to comorbid cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. We characterized the cerebrovascular proteome of TGF mice using mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics. Cerebral arteries were surgically removed from 6-month-old-TGF and wild-type mice, and proteins were extracted and analyzed by gel-free nanoLC-MS/MS. We identified 3602 proteins in brain vessels, with 20 demonstrating significantly altered levels in TGF mice. For total and/or differentially expressed proteins (p ≤ 0.01, ≥ 2-fold change), using multiple databases, we (a) performed protein characterization, (b) demonstrated the presence of their RNA transcripts in both mouse and human cerebrovascular cells, and (c) demonstrated that several of these proteins were present in human extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in blood. Finally, using human plasma, we demonstrated the presence of several of these proteins in plasma and plasma EVs. Dysregulated proteins point to perturbed brain vessel vasomotricity, remodeling, and inflammation. Given that blood-isolated EVs are novel, attractive, and a minimally invasive biomarker discovery platform for age-related dementias, several proteins identified in this study can potentially serve as VCID markers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Zainab Mianoor
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - Alexandra T. Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Flavie E. Detcheverry
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
| | - Christie E. Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - AmanPreet Badhwar
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (A.S.H.); (A.T.S.); (C.E.D.); (D.B.S.)
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) Laboratory, 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada; (Z.M.); (F.E.D.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W4, Canada
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
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13
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Fasolo F, Winski G, Li Z, Wu Z, Winter H, Ritzer J, Glukha N, Roy J, Hultgren R, Pauli J, Busch A, Sachs N, Knappich C, Eckstein HH, Boon RA, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L. The circular RNA Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated regulates oxidative stress in smooth muscle cells in expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:848-865. [PMID: 37680984 PMCID: PMC10481153 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological widening of the aortic wall characterized by loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), extracellular matrix degradation, and local inflammation. This condition is often asymptomatic until rupture occurs, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Diagnosis is mostly accidental and the only currently available treatment option remains surgical intervention. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel class of regulatory non-coding RNAs that originate from backsplicing. Their highly stable loop structure, combined with a remarkable enrichment in body fluids, make circRNAs promising disease biomarkers. We investigated the contribution of circRNAs to AAA pathogenesis and their potential application to improve AAA diagnostics. Gene expression analysis revealed the presence of deregulated circular transcripts stemming from AAA-relevant gene loci. Among these, the circRNA to the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated gene (cATM) was upregulated in human AAA specimens, in AAA-derived SMCs, and serum samples collected from aneurysm patients. In primary aortic SMCs, cATM increased upon angiotensin II and doxorubicin stimulation, while its silencing triggered apoptosis. Higher cATM levels made AAA-derived SMCs less vulnerable to oxidative stress, compared with control SMCs. These data suggest that cATM contributes to elicit an adaptive oxidative-stress response in SMCs and provides a reliable AAA disease signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasolo
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiyan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology and Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Ritzer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadiya Glukha
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Joy Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Knappich
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK 10785 Berlin, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Cook CM, Craddock VD, Ram AK, Abraham AA, Dhillon NK. HIV and Drug Use: A Tale of Synergy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Development. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4659-4683. [PMID: 37358518 PMCID: PMC10693986 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, with the advent and adoption of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection, a once fatal and acute illness, has transformed into a chronic disease with people living with HIV (PWH) experiencing increased rates of cardio-pulmonary vascular diseases including life-threatening pulmonary hypertension. Moreover, the chronic consequences of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use are increasingly seen in older PWH. Drug use, specifically, can have pathologic effects on the cardiovascular health of these individuals. The "double hit" of drug use and HIV may increase the risk of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH) and potentiate right heart failure in this population. This article explores the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PAH associated with HIV and recreational drug use and describes the proposed mechanisms by which HIV and drug use, together, can cause pulmonary vascular remodeling and cardiopulmonary hemodynamic compromise. In addition to detailing the proposed cellular and signaling pathways involved in the development of PAH, this article proposes areas ripe for future research, including the influence of gut dysbiosis and cellular senescence on the pathobiology of HIV-PAH. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4659-4683, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Cook
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Vaughn D Craddock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Anil K Ram
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ashrita A Abraham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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15
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Hye T, Hossain MR, Saha D, Foyez T, Ahsan F. Emerging biologics for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1-15. [PMID: 37026714 PMCID: PMC10228297 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2199351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare pulmonary vascular disorder, wherein mean systemic arterial pressure (mPAP) becomes abnormally high because of aberrant changes in various proliferative and inflammatory signalling pathways of pulmonary arterial cells. Currently used anti-PAH drugs chiefly target the vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive pathways. However, an imbalance between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPRII) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathways is also implicated in PAH predisposition and pathogenesis. Compared to currently used PAH drugs, various biologics have shown promise as PAH therapeutics that elicit their therapeutic actions akin to endogenous proteins. Biologics that have thus far been explored as PAH therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, engineered cells, and nucleic acids. Because of their similarity with naturally occurring proteins and high binding affinity, biologics are more potent and effective and produce fewer side effects when compared with small molecule drugs. However, biologics also suffer from the limitations of producing immunogenic adverse effects. This review describes various emerging and promising biologics targeting the proliferative/apoptotic and vasodilatory pathways involved in PAH pathogenesis. Here, we have discussed sotatercept, a TGF-β ligand trap, which is reported to reverse vascular remodelling and reduce PVR with an improved 6-minute walk distance (6-MWDT). We also elaborated on other biologics including BMP9 ligand and anti-gremlin1 antibody, anti-OPG antibody, and getagozumab monoclonal antibody and cell-based therapies. Overall, recent literature suggests that biologics hold excellent promise as a safe and effective alternative to currently used PAH therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvirul Hye
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Md Riajul Hossain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, California
| | - Tahmina Foyez
- Department of Hematology Blood Research Center School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, California
- MedLuidics LLC, Elk Grove, California, USA
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17
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Jandl K, Radic N, Zeder K, Kovacs G, Kwapiszewska G. Pulmonary vascular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension - The role of the extracellular matrix as a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108438. [PMID: 37210005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterized by changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and vascular remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries. These changes result in increased vessel wall thickness and lumen occlusion, leading to a loss of elasticity and vessel stiffening. Clinically, the mechanobiology of the pulmonary vasculature is becoming increasingly recognized for its prognostic and diagnostic value in PH. Specifically, the increased vascular fibrosis and stiffening resulting from ECM accumulation and crosslinking may be a promising target for the development of anti- or reverse-remodeling therapies. Indeed, there is a huge potential in therapeutic interference with mechano-associated pathways in vascular fibrosis and stiffening. The most direct approach is aiming to restore extracellular matrix homeostasis, by interference with its production, deposition, modification and turnover. Besides structural cells, immune cells contribute to the level of ECM maturation and degradation by direct cell-cell contact or the release of mediators and proteases, thereby opening a huge avenue to target vascular fibrosis via immunomodulation approaches. Indirectly, intracellular pathways associated with altered mechanobiology, ECM production, and fibrosis, offer a third option for therapeutic intervention. In PH, a vicious cycle of persistent activation of mechanosensing pathways such as YAP/TAZ initiates and perpetuates vascular stiffening, and is linked to key pathways disturbed in PH, such as TGF-beta/BMPR2/STAT. Together, this complexity of the regulation of vascular fibrosis and stiffening in PH allows the exploration of numerous potential therapeutic interventions. This review discusses connections and turning points of several of these interventions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Zeder
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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18
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Morales-Cano D, Izquierdo-García JL, Barreira B, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Callejo M, Pandolfi R, Villa-Valverde P, Rodríguez I, Cogolludo A, Ruiz-Cabello J, Perez-Vizcaino F, Moreno L. Impact of a TAK-1 inhibitor as a single or as an add-on therapy to riociguat on the metabolic reprograming and pulmonary hypertension in the SUGEN5416/hypoxia rat model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1021535. [PMID: 37063275 PMCID: PMC10090662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1021535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite increasing evidence suggesting that pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease involving vasoconstriction, thrombosis, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation and vascular proliferation, all the drugs approved for PAH mainly act as vasodilating agents. Since excessive TGF-β signaling is believed to be a critical factor in pulmonary vascular remodeling, we hypothesized that blocking TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1), alone or in combination with a vasodilator therapy (i.e., riociguat) could achieve a greater therapeutic benefit.Methods: PAH was induced in male Wistar rats by a single injection of the VEGF receptor antagonist SU5416 (20 mg/kg) followed by exposure to hypoxia (10%O2) for 21 days. Two weeks after SU5416 administration, vehicle, riociguat (3 mg/kg/day), the TAK-1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OXO, 3 mg/kg/day), or both drugs combined were administered for 7 days. Metabolic profiling of right ventricle (RV), lung tissues and PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) extracts were performed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the differences between groups analyzed by multivariate statistical methods.Results:In vitro, riociguat induced potent vasodilator effects in isolated pulmonary arteries (PA) with negligible antiproliferative effects and metabolic changes in PASMCs. In contrast, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol effectively inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs characterized by a broad metabolic reprogramming but had no acute vasodilator effects. In vivo, treatment with riociguat partially reduced the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), RV hypertrophy (RVH), and pulmonary vascular remodeling, attenuated the dysregulation of inosine, glucose, creatine and phosphocholine (PC) in RV and fully abolished the increase in lung IL-1β expression. By contrast, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol significantly reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and attenuated the metabolic shifts of glucose and PC in RV but had no effects on PAP or RVH. Importantly, combined therapy had an additive effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling and induced a significant metabolic effect over taurine, amino acids, glycolysis, and TCA cycle metabolism via glycine-serine-threonine metabolism. However, it did not improve the effects induced by riociguat alone on pulmonary pressure or RV remodeling. None of the treatments attenuated pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness to serotonin in isolated PA.Conclusion: Our results suggest that inhibition of TAK-1 induces antiproliferative effects and its addition to short-term vasodilator therapy enhances the beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV metabolic reprogramming in experimental PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-García
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Callejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachele Pandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Villa-Valverde
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Moreno,
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Bekedam FT, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ, de Man FS, Llucià-Valldeperas A. Molecular mechanisms and targets of right ventricular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108389. [PMID: 36940790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular fibrosis is a stress response, predominantly mediated by cardiac fibroblasts. This cell population is sensitive to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrotic growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Activation of fibroblasts results in the induction of various molecular signaling pathways, most notably the mitogen-activated protein kinase cassettes, leading to increased synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. While fibrosis confers structural protection in response to damage induced by ischemia or (pressure and volume) overload, it simultaneously contributes to increased myocardial stiffness and right ventricular dysfunction. Here, we review state-of-the-art knowledge of the development of right ventricular fibrosis in response to pressure overload and provide an overview of all published preclinical and clinical studies in which right ventricular fibrosis was targeted to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Bekedam
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden UMC, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H J Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F S de Man
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A Llucià-Valldeperas
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Fayyaz AU, Sabbah MS, Dasari S, Griffiths LG, DuBrock HM, Wang Y, Charlesworth MC, Borlaug BA, Jenkins SM, Edwards WD, Redfield MM. Histologic and proteomic remodeling of the pulmonary veins and arteries in a porcine model of chronic pulmonary venous hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:268-282. [PMID: 35022664 PMCID: PMC10233294 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In heart failure (HF), pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) produces pulmonary hypertension (PH) with remodeling of pulmonary veins (PV) and arteries (PA). In a porcine PVH model, we performed proteomic-based bioinformatics to investigate unique pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating PA and PV remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Large PV were banded (PVH, n = 10) or not (Sham, n = 9) in piglets. At sacrifice, PV and PA were perfusion labelled for vessel-specific histology and proteomics. The PA and PV were separately sampled with laser-capture micro-dissection for mass spectrometry. Pulmonary vascular resistance [Wood Units; 8.6 (95% confidence interval: 6.3, 12.3) vs. 2.0 (1.7, 2.3)] and PA [19.9 (standard error of mean, 1.1) vs. 10.3 (1.1)] and PV [14.2 (1.2) vs. 7.6 (1.1)] wall thickness/external diameter (%) were increased in PVH (P < 0.05 for all). Similar numbers of proteins were identified in PA (2093) and PV (2085) with 94% overlap, but biological processes differed. There were more differentially expressed proteins (287 vs. 161), altered canonical pathways (17 vs. 3), and predicted upstream regulators (PUSR; 22 vs. 6) in PV than PA. In PA and PV, bioinformatics indicated activation of the integrated stress response and mammalian target of rapamycin signalling with dysregulated growth. In PV, there was also activation of Rho/Rho-kinase signalling with decreased actin cytoskeletal signalling and altered tight and adherens junctions, ephrin B, and caveolae-mediated endocytosis signalling; all indicating disrupted endothelial barrier function. Indeed, protein biomarkers and the top PUSR in PV (transforming growth factor-beta) suggested endothelial to mesenchymal transition in PV. Findings were similar in human autopsy specimens. CONCLUSION These findings provide new therapeutic targets to oppose pulmonary vascular remodeling in HF-related PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed U Fayyaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael S Sabbah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hilary M DuBrock
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - M Cristine Charlesworth
- Molecular Genome Facility Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William D Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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21
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Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020366. [PMID: 36836600 PMCID: PMC9967990 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.
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22
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Li C, Meng X, Wang L, Dai X. Mechanism of action of non-coding RNAs and traditional Chinese medicine in myocardial fibrosis: Focus on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092148. [PMID: 36843918 PMCID: PMC9947662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a serious public health problem worldwide that is closely linked to progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and adversely affects both the disease process and clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have shown that the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may be a therapeutic measure for cardiac fibrosis. Currently, as the investigation on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) move forward, a variety of ncRNAs targeting TGF-β and its downstream Smad proteins have attracted high attention. Besides, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in treating the cardiac fibrosis. As more and more molecular mechanisms of natural products, herbal formulas, and proprietary Chinese medicines are revealed, TCM has been proven to act on cardiac fibrosis by modulating multiple targets and signaling pathways, especially the TGF-β/Smad. Therefore, this work summarizes the roles of TGF-β/Smad classical and non-classical signaling pathways in the cardiac fibrosis, and discusses the recent research advances in ncRNAs targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and TCM against cardiac fibrosis. It is hoped, in this way, to give new insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangxiang Meng
- College of Marxism, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- First College of Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Dai
- College of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Xia Dai,
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23
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Fu Y, Zhang JB, Han DX, Wang HQ, Liu JB, Xiao Y, Jiang H, Gao Y, Yuan B. CiRS-187 regulates BMPR2 expression by targeting miR-187 in bovine cumulus cells treated with BMP15 and GDF9. Theriogenology 2023; 197:62-70. [PMID: 36470111 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in regulating biological processes. However, the contributions of circRNAs to BMPR2 regulation during follicle development remain unknown. In this study, we first verified the optimal conditions for BMP15 and GDF9 treatment in bovine cumulus cells. Then, we screened and identified candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that may target the BMPR2 3'UTR with TargetScan, a luciferase reporter assay and RT-qPCR. Next, we transfected miR-187 into bovine cumulus cells, and the results showed that miR-187 regulated BMPR2 and inhibited its expression. To explore the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, we predicted the sponging circRNAs of miR-187 and identified ciRS-187. We further detected miR-187 and BMPR2 expression and apoptosis levels upon knockdown of ciRS-187 and found that ciRS-187 upregulated BMPR2 expression. The results provide a theoretical basis for a ceRNA mechanism of circRNAs related to follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Dong-Xu Han
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hao-Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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24
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Dong X, Mao Y, Gao P. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Lung Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:324-331. [PMID: 36883260 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220428110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a multifunctional secretory protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. BMPs transduce their signaling to the cytoplasm by binding to membrane receptors of the serine/threonine kinase family, including BMP type I and type II receptors. BMP4 participates in various biological processes, such as embryonic development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The interaction between BMP4 and the corresponding endogenous antagonists plays a key role in the precise regulation of BMP4 signaling. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis of BMP4-related lung diseases and the foundation on which BMP4 endogenous antagonists have been developed as potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medical College & the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan, University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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25
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Postma AV, Rapp CK, Knoflach K, Volk AE, Lemke JR, Ackermann M, Regamey N, Latzin P, Celant L, Jansen SM, Bogaard HJ, Ilgun A, Alders M, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Jonigk D, Klein C, Gräf S, Kubisch C, Houweling AC, Griese M. Biallelic variants in the calpain regulatory subunit CAPNS1 cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. GENETICS IN MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 1:100811. [PMID: 38230350 PMCID: PMC10790724 DOI: 10.1016/j.gimo.2023.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the monogenic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a multifactorial and often fatal disease, in 2 unrelated consanguine families. Methods We performed exome sequencing and validated variant pathogenicity by whole-blood RNA and protein expression analysis in both families. Further RNA sequencing of preserved lung tissue was performed to investigate the consequences on selected genes that are involved in angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Results We identified 2 rare biallelic variants in CAPNS1, encoding the regulatory subunit of calpain. The variants cosegregated with PAH in the families. Both variants lead to loss of function (LoF), which is demonstrated by aberrant splicing resulting in the complete absence of the CAPNS1 protein in affected patients. No other LoF CAPNS1 variant was identified in the genome data of more than 1000 patients with unresolved PAH. Conclusion The calpain holoenzyme was previously linked to pulmonary vascular development and progression of PAH in patients. We demonstrated that biallelic LoF variants in CAPNS1 can cause idiopathic PAH by the complete absence of CAPNS1 protein. Screening of this gene in patients who are affected by PAH, especially with suspected autosomal recessive inheritance, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex V. Postma
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina K. Rapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Knoflach
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander E. Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes R. Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Celant
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samara M.A. Jansen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aho Ilgun
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research–Rare Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arjan C. Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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26
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Kumar R, Aktay-Cetin Ö, Craddock V, Morales-Cano D, Kosanovic D, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaino F, Avdeev S, Kumar A, Ram AK, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Savai R, de Jesus Perez V, Graham BB, Butrous G, Dhillon NK. Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: Multilayered cross-talks in the setting of coinfections and comorbidities. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011063. [PMID: 36634048 PMCID: PMC9836319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its sublineages pose a new challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to its ability to efficiently spread in immunized populations and its resistance to currently available therapies. COVID-19, although targeting primarily the respiratory system, is also now well established that later affects every organ in the body. Most importantly, despite the available therapy and vaccine-elicited protection, the long-term consequences of viral infection in breakthrough and asymptomatic individuals are areas of concern. In the past two years, investigators accumulated evidence on how the virus triggers our immune system and the molecular signals involved in the cross-talk between immune cells and structural cells in the pulmonary vasculature to drive pathological lung complications such as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. In the review, we emphasize recent updates on the pathophysiological inflammatory and immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential long-term consequences that may consequently lead to the development of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Öznur Aktay-Cetin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vaughn Craddock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar Ram
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Giessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ghazwan Butrous
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet K. Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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27
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Chen X, Wei X, Ma S, Xie H, Huang S, Yao M, Zhang L. Cysteine and glycine rich protein 2 exacerbates vascular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension through the nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116319. [PMID: 36414118 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious cardiovascular disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The pathogenesis of PH is complex, and the main pathological changes in PH are abnormal hypertrophy and vessel stiffness. Cysteine and glycine rich protein 2 (Csrp2), a member of the LIM-only family plays a key role in the response to vascular injury. However, its roles in vascular fibrosis and PH have not been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether Csrp2 can promote vascular fibrosis and to further explore the possible mechanisms. Csrp2 expression was increased in both the pulmonary vasculature of rats with PH and hypoxic pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Hypoxia activated TGF-β1 and its downstream effector, SP1. Additionally, hypoxia activated the ROCK pathway and inhibited KLF4 expression. Silencing SP1 and overexpressing KLF4 reversed the hypoxia-induced increase in Csrp2 expression. Csrp2 knockdown decreased the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and inhibited the nuclear translocation and expression of YAP/TAZ in hypoxic PASMCs. These results indicate that hypoxia induces Csrp2 expression through the TGF-β1/SP1 and ROCK/KLF4 pathways. Elevated Csrp2 promoted the nuclear translocation and expression of YAP/TAZ, leading to vascular fibrosis and the development of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghe Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saijie Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huating Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sirui Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengge Yao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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28
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Tura-Ceide O. Blood Flow Disturbances in Congenital Heart Disease: Is Neuroblastoma Suppressor of Tumorigenicity 1 a Target for Preventing Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:615-616. [PMID: 36191266 PMCID: PMC9743185 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0368ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tura-Ceide
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI)Girona, Spain,Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red de Enfermedades RespiratoriasMadrid, Spain
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29
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Huang J, Cao Y, Li X, Yu F, Han X. E2F1 regulates miR-215-5p to aggravate paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis via repressing BMPR2 expression. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:940-950. [PMID: 36569483 PMCID: PMC9773066 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is considered to be an irreversible lung injury, which can be caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning. MiRNAs have been demonstrated crucial roles in pulmonary fibrosis caused by numerous approaches including PQ induction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-215 in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods The cell and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis were established through PQ intervention. Cell viability was performed to test by MTT assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect COL1A1 expression and its location. The relationships among E2F1, miR-215-5p, and BMPR2 were validated by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation. Lung morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results MiR-215-5p was upregulated in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. MiR-215-5p silencing relieved PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression by enhancing cell viability and reducing the expression of fibrosis-related markers (COL1A1, COL3A1, and α-SMA). Mechanistically, miR-215-5p directly targeted BMRP2. BMPR2 knockdown abolished the suppressive effects of miR-215-5p knockdown on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, E2F1 interacted with miR-215-5p promoter and positively regulated miR-215-5p expression. E2F1 downregulation reduced miR-215-5p level and promoted BMPR2 level via regulating TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, and then suppressed PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis, whereas these effects were compromised by miR-215-5p sufficiency. Conclusion MiR-215-5p was activated by E2F1 to repress BMPR2 expression and activate TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, which aggravated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression. Targeting the E2F1/miR-215-5p/BMPR2 axis might be a new approach to alleviate PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.61, Jiefang west Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410005, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.61, Jiefang west Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410005, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.61, Jiefang west Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yu
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.61, Jiefang west Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.61, Jiefang west Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410005, P. R. China
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30
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Wang C, Xing Y, Zhang J, He M, Dong J, Chen S, Wu H, Huang HY, Chou CH, Bai L, He F, She J, Su A, Wang Y, Thistlethwaite PA, Huang HD, Yuan JXJ, Yuan ZY, Shyy JYJ. MED1 Regulates BMP/TGF-β in Endothelium: Implication for Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2022; 131:828-841. [PMID: 36252121 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) or TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling pathways are imperative in idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as well as experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rodent models. MED1 (mediator complex subunit 1) is a key transcriptional co-activator and KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) is a master transcription factor in endothelium. However, MED1 and KLF4 epigenetic and transcriptional regulations of the BMP/TGF-β axes in pulmonary endothelium and their dysregulations leading to PAH remain elusive. We investigate the MED1/KLF4 co-regulation of the BMP/TGF-β axes in endothelium by studying the epigenetic regulation of BMPR2 (BMP receptor type II), ETS-related gene (ERG), and TGFBR2 (TGF-β receptor 2) and their involvement in the PH. METHODS High-throughput screening involving data from RNA-seq, MED1 ChIP-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture together with in silico computations were used to explore the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 by MED1 and KLF4. In vitro experiments with cultured pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (ECs) and bulk assays were used to validate results from these in silico analyses. Lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH, animals with experimental PH, and mice with endothelial ablation of MED1 (EC-MED1-/-) were used to study the PH-protective effect of MED1. RESULTS Levels of MED1 were decreased in lung tissue or pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from idiopathic PAH patients and rodent PH models. Mechanistically, MED1 acted synergistically with KLF4 to transactivate BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 via chromatin remodeling and enhancer-promoter interactions. EC-MED1-/- mice showed PH susceptibility. In contrast, MED1 overexpression mitigated the PH phenotype in rodents. CONCLUSIONS A homeostatic regulation of BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 in ECs by MED1 synergistic with KLF4 is essential for the normal function of the pulmonary endothelium. Dysregulation of MED1 and the resulting impairment of the BMP/TGF-β signaling is implicated in the disease progression of PAH in humans and PH in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Ming He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Jianjie Dong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.).,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.)
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-H.C.)
| | - Liang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Fangzhou He
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Jianqing She
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Ailing Su
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (Y.W.)
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (P.A.T.)
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.).,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
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31
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Nanoparticle endothelial delivery of PGC-1α attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by attenuating EndoMT-caused vascular wall remodeling. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102524. [PMID: 36334380 PMCID: PMC9637961 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by chronic hypoxia is characterized by thickening of pulmonary artery walls, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and right-heart failure. Dysfunction of endothelial cells is the hallmark event in the progression of PH. Among various mechanisms, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) has emerged as an important source of endothelial cell dysfunction in PH. However, the mechanisms underlying the EndoMT in PH remain largely unknown. Our results showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression was decreased in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) in PH patients and hypoxia-induced PH mouse model compared to the normal controls. Endothelial-specific overexpression of PGC-1α using nanoparticle delivery significantly attenuated the progression of PH, as shown by the significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and diminished artery thickness as well as reduced vascular muscularization. Moreover, Endothelial-specific overexpression of PGC-1α blocked the EndoMT of PAECs during PH, indicating that loss of PGC-1α promotes PH development by mediating EndoMT, which damages the integrity of endothelium. Intriguingly, we found that PGC-1α overexpression rescued the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mouse lung tissues that was deceased by hypoxia treatment in vivo and in endothelial cells treated with TGF-β in vitro. Consistently, PAECs and vascular smooth muscle co-culture showed that overexpression of PGC-1α in PAECs increases nitric oxide release, which would likely diffuse to smooth muscle cells, where it activates specific protein kinases, and initiates SMC relaxation by diminishing the calcium flux. Endothelial-specific overexpression of PGC-1α also attenuated hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery stiffness which appeared to be caused by both the decreased endothelial nitric oxide production and increased vascular remodeling. Taken together, these results demonstrated that endothelial-specific delivery of PGC-1α prevents PH development by inhibiting EndoMT of PAECs and thus restoring endothelial function and reducing vascular remodeling.
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32
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Yen TA, Huang HC, Wu ET, Chou HW, Chou HC, Chen CY, Huang SC, Chen YS, Lu F, Wu MH, Tsao PN, Wang CC. Microrna-486-5P Regulates Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Migration via Endothelin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810400. [PMID: 36142307 PMCID: PMC9499400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal or life-threatening disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Abnormal vascular remodeling, including the proliferation and phenotypic modulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), represents the most critical pathological change during PAH development. Previous studies showed that miR-486 could reduce apoptosis in different cells; however, the role of miR-486 in PAH development or HPASMC proliferation and migration remains unclear. After 6 h of hypoxia treatment, miR-486-5p was significantly upregulated in HPASMCs. We found that miR-486-5p could upregulate the expression and secretion of ET-1. Furthermore, transfection with a miR-486-5p mimic could induce HPASMC proliferation and migration. We also found that miRNA-486-5p could downregulate the expression of SMAD2 and the phosphorylation of SMAD3. According to previous studies, the loss of SMAD3 may play an important role in miRNA-486-5p-induced HPASMC proliferation. Although the role of miRNA-486-5p in PAH in in vivo models still requires further investigation and confirmation, our findings show the potential roles and effects of miR-486-5p during PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - En-Ting Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Wen Chou
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chien Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Frank Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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33
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Joshi SR, Liu J, Bloom T, Karaca Atabay E, Kuo TH, Lee M, Belcheva E, Spaits M, Grenha R, Maguire MC, Frost JL, Wang K, Briscoe SD, Alexander MJ, Herrin BR, Castonguay R, Pearsall RS, Andre P, Yu PB, Kumar R, Li G. Sotatercept analog suppresses inflammation to reverse experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7803. [PMID: 35551212 PMCID: PMC9098455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotatercept is an activin receptor type IIA-Fc (ActRIIA-Fc) fusion protein that improves cardiopulmonary function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by selectively trapping activins and growth differentiation factors. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ActRIIA-Fc action are incompletely understood. Here, we determined through genome-wide expression profiling that inflammatory and immune responses are prominently upregulated in the lungs of a Sugen-hypoxia rat model of severe angio-obliterative PAH, concordant with profiles observed in PAH patients. Therapeutic treatment with ActRIIA-Fc-but not with a vasodilator-strikingly reversed proinflammatory and proliferative gene expression profiles and normalized macrophage infiltration in diseased rodent lungs. Furthermore, ActRIIA-Fc normalized pulmonary macrophage infiltration and corrected cardiopulmonary structure and function in Bmpr2 haploinsufficient mice subjected to hypoxia, a model of heritable PAH. Three high-affinity ligands of ActRIIA-Fc each induced macrophage activation in vitro, and their combined immunoneutralization in PAH rats produced cardiopulmonary benefits comparable to those elicited by ActRIIA-Fc. Our results in complementary experimental and genetic models of PAH reveal therapeutic anti-inflammatory activities of ActRIIA-Fc that, together with its known anti-proliferative effects on vascular cell types, could underlie clinical activity of sotatercept as either monotherapy or add-on to current PAH therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra R Joshi
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Troy Bloom
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Ultivue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elif Karaca Atabay
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsing Kuo
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Elitza Belcheva
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Spaits
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Rosa Grenha
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Michelle C Maguire
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Frost
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn Wang
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Steven D Briscoe
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Mark J Alexander
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Brantley R Herrin
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Roselyne Castonguay
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - R Scott Pearsall
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Cellarity, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Andre
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Paul B Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Discovery Group, Acceleron Pharma Inc., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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34
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Huang Y, Su D, Ye B, Huang Y, Qin S, Chen C, Zhao Y, Pang Y. Expression and clinical significance of circular RNA hsa_circ_0003416 in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24273. [PMID: 35165927 PMCID: PMC8993640 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to be involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, their diagnostic value in pediatric PAH remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the characteristic expression of the circRNA hsa_circ_0003416 in the plasma of children with PAH caused by congenital heart disease (CHD); the potential of hsa_circ_0003416 as a diagnostic biomarker was also investigated. Methods The plasma expression levels of hsa_circ_0003416 were determined via quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in 50 CHD patients, 50 PAH patients, and 20 healthy subjects; the associations between hsa_circ_0003416 levels and clinical data were analyzed thereafter. Receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to determine the diagnostic capacity of this circRNA. Results Expression levels of hsa_circ_0003416 in plasma were lower in the PAH‐CHD group than in the CHD and healthy control groups (p = 0.009 vs. healthy control group, p = 0.026 vs. CHD group). Moreover, hsa_circ_0003416 was found to be negatively associated with B‐type natriuretic peptide (r = −0.342, p = 0.013). In addition, the area under the curve of hsa_circ_0003416 levels in plasma was 0.721 (95% confidence intervals = 0.585–0.857, p = 0.004), suggesting that it has a promising diagnostic value. Conclusions Overall, hsa_circ_0003416 was found to be significantly downregulated in children with PAH‐CHD and to be potent as a biomarker for PAH‐CHD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danyan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingbing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yijue Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Chen X, He Y, Yu Z, Zuo J, Huang Y, Ruan Y, Zheng X, Ma Y. Polydatin Glycosides Improve Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Injury by Inhibiting Endothelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862017. [PMID: 35370672 PMCID: PMC8972160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of polydatin on the injury of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT).Methods: SD rats were induced to develop PAH injury by a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). From the second day, rats in the administration group were orally given sildenafil (20 mg/kg) and polydatin (30 or 60 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) index of SD rats was calculated, pathological damage was assessed by HE staining, transcription levels of target genes were detected by RT-PCR and Elisa, and expression levels of Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Finally, molecular docking analysis was used to verify the interaction of polydatin on the main targets.Results: Polydatin could significantly restore the body function, reduce MCT-induced PAH injury, reduce serum biochemical indices; polydatin could effectively inhibit EndMT process by decreasing the expression of N-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin; polydatin could down-regulate TAGLN expression and increase PECAM1 expression to reduce pulmonary vascular remodeling. The interaction between polydatin and EndMT target was confirmed by molecular docking operation.Conclusion: Pharmacological experiments combined with Combining molecular docking was first used to clarify that polydatin can reduce the pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by MCT by inhibiting EndMT. The results of the study provide new ideas for the further treatment of PAH injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Chen, ; Xiaoyuan Zheng, ; Yu Ma,
| | - Yao He
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianli Zuo
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Ruan
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Chen, ; Xiaoyuan Zheng, ; Yu Ma,
| | - Yu Ma
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Chen, ; Xiaoyuan Zheng, ; Yu Ma,
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Shi Y, Gu C, Zhao T, Jia Y, Bao C, Luo A, Guo Q, Han Y, Wang J, Black SM, Desai AA, Tang H. Combination Therapy With Rapamycin and Low Dose Imatinib in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758763. [PMID: 34858182 PMCID: PMC8632256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Enhanced proliferation and distal migration of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) both contribute to the progressive increases in pulmonary vascular remodeling and resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our previous studies revealed that Rictor deletion, to disrupt mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), over longer periods result in a paradoxical rise in platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) expression in PASMCs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of combination therapy targeting both mTOR signaling with PDGFR inhibition to attenuate the development and progression of PAH. Methods and Results: Immunoblotting analyses revealed that short-term exposure to rapamycin (6h) significantly reduced phosphorylation of p70S6K (mTORC1-specific) in hPASMCs but had no effect on the phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT S473, considered mTORC2-specific). In contrast, longer rapamycin exposure (>24 h), resulted in differential AKT (T308) and AKT (S473) phosphorylation with increases in phosphorylation of AKT at T308 and decreased phosphorylation at S473. Phosphorylation of both PDGFRα and PDGFRβ was increased in hPASMCs after treatment with rapamycin for 48 and 72 h. Based on co-immunoprecipitation studies, longer exposure to rapamycin (24–72 h) significantly inhibited the binding of mTOR to Rictor, mechanistically suggesting mTORC2 inhibition by rapamycin. Combined exposure of rapamycin with the PDGFR inhibitor, imatinib significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of hPASMCs compared to either agent alone. Pre-clinical studies validated increased therapeutic efficacy of rapamycin combined with imatinib in attenuating PAH over either drug alone. Specifically, combination therapy further attenuated the development of monocrotaline (MCT)- or Hypoxia/Sugen-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats as demonstrated by further reductions in the Fulton index, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular wall thickness and vessel muscularization, and decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining in PASMCs. Conclusion: Prolonged rapamycin treatment activates PDGFR signaling, in part, via mTORC2 inhibition. Combination therapy with rapamycin and imatinib may be a more effective strategy for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chenxin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tongtong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yangfan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Translational Science, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sim C, Lamanna E, Cirnigliaro F, Lam M. Beyond TGFβ1 - novel treatment strategies targeting lung fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106090. [PMID: 34601088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a key feature of chronic lung diseases and occurs as a consequence of aberrant wound healing. TGFβ1 plays a major role in promoting fibrosis and is the primary target of current treatments that slow, but do not halt or reverse the progression of disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that additional mechanisms, including excessive airway contraction, inflammation and infections including COVID-19, can contribute to fibrosis. This review summarises experimental and clinical studies assessing the potential beneficial effects of novel drugs that possess a unique suite of complementary actions to oppose contraction, inflammation and remodelling, along with evidence that they also limit fibrosis. Translation of these promising findings is critical for the repurposing and development of improved therapeutics for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sim
- Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Lamanna
- Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Maggie Lam
- Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
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Xu B, Xu G, Yu Y, Lin J. The role of TGF-β or BMPR2 signaling pathway-related miRNA in pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:288. [PMID: 34819148 PMCID: PMC8613994 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of connective tissue disease (CTD), causing death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The past decade has yielded many scientific insights into microRNA (miRNAs) in PAH and SSc. This growth of knowledge has well-illustrated the complexity of microRNA (miRNA)-based regulation of gene expression in PAH. However, few miRNA-related SSc-PAH were elucidated. This review firstly discusses the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) in PAH and SSc. Secondly, the miRNAs relating to TGF-β and BMPR2 signaling pathways in PAH and SSc or merely PAH were subsequently summarized. Finally, future studies might develop early diagnostic biomarkers and target-oriented therapeutic strategies for SSc-PAH and PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310003.
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Margaroli C, Russell D. Extracellular Vesicles: Progress and Challenges in the Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cocaine-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:341-342. [PMID: 34166601 PMCID: PMC8525209 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0222ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Derek Russell
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Birmingham, Alabama
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40
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Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a dynamic process in which endothelial cells suppress constituent endothelial properties and take on mesenchymal cell behaviors. To begin the process, endothelial cells loosen their cell-cell junctions, degrade the basement membrane, and migrate out into the perivascular surroundings. These initial endothelial behaviors reflect a transient modulation of cellular phenotype, that is, a phenotypic modulation, that is sometimes referred to as partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Loosening of endothelial junctions and migration are also seen in inflammatory and angiogenic settings such that endothelial cells initiating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition have overlapping behaviors and gene expression with endothelial cells responding to inflammatory signals or sprouting to form new blood vessels. Reduced endothelial junctions increase permeability, which facilitates leukocyte trafficking, whereas endothelial migration precedes angiogenic sprouting and neovascularization; both endothelial barriers and quiescence are restored as inflammatory and angiogenic stimuli subside. Complete endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition proceeds beyond phenotypic modulation such that mesenchymal characteristics become prominent and endothelial functions diminish. In proadaptive, regenerative settings the new mesenchymal cells produce extracellular matrix and contribute to tissue integrity whereas in maladaptive, pathologic settings the new mesenchymal cells become fibrotic, overproducing matrix to cause tissue stiffness, which eventually impacts function. Here we will review what is known about how TGF (transforming growth factor) β influences this continuum from junctional loosening to cellular migration and its relevance to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alvandi
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
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41
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Marker Genes and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091339. [PMID: 34573320 PMCID: PMC8467453 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disease with very high mortality rate. The currently available therapeutic strategies, which improve symptoms, cannot fundamentally reverse the condition. Thus, new therapeutic strategies need to be established. Our research analyzed three microarray datasets of lung tissues from human PAH samples retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We combined two datasets for subsequent analyses, with the batch effects removed. In the merged dataset, 542 DEGs were identified and the key module relevant to PAH was selected using WGCNA. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs and the key module indicated that the pre-ribosome, ribosome biogenesis, centriole, ATPase activity, helicase activity, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, melanoma, and dilated cardiomyopathy pathways are involved in PAH. With the filtering standard (|MM| > 0.95 and |GS| > 0.90), 70 hub genes were identified. Subsequently, five candidate marker genes (CDC5L, AP3B1, ZFYVE16, DDX46, and PHAX) in the key module were found through overlapping with the top thirty genes calculated by two different methods in CytoHubb. Two of them (CDC5L and DDX46) were found to be significantly upregulated both in the merged dataset and the validating dataset in PAH patients. Meanwhile, expression of the selected genes in lung from PAH chicken measured by qRT-PCR and the ROC curve analyses further verified the potential marker genes' predictive value for PAH. In conclusion, CDC5L and DDX46 may be marker genes and potential therapeutic targets for PAH.
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Divya D, Bhattacharya TK. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their role in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1959274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Divya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - T. K. Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
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Kurakula K, Hagdorn QAJ, van der Feen DE, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Ten Dijke P, de Boer RA, Bogaard HJ, Goumans MJ, Berger RMF. Inhibition of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 improves endothelial function and attenuates vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting TGF-β signalling. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:99-112. [PMID: 34379232 PMCID: PMC8813847 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease, characterized by obstructive pulmonary vascular remodelling ultimately leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Disturbed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and inflammation contribute to this abnormal remodelling. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has been identified as a critical driver of proliferation and inflammation in vascular cells, but its role in the disturbed TGF-β/BMP signalling, endothelial cell dysfunction, and vascular remodelling in PAH is unknown. Here, we report that Pin1 expression is increased in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and lung tissue of PAH patients. Pin1 inhibitor, juglone significantly decreased TGF-β signalling, increased BMP signalling, normalized their hyper-proliferative, and inflammatory phenotype. Juglone treatment reversed vascular remodelling through reducing TGF-β signalling in monocrotaline + shunt-PAH rat model. Juglone treatment decreased Fulton index, but did not affect or harm cardiac function and remodelling in rats with RV pressure load induced by pulmonary artery banding. Our study demonstrates that inhibition of Pin1 reversed the PAH phenotype in PAH MVECs in vitro and in PAH rats in vivo, potentially through modulation of TGF-β/BMP signalling pathways. Selective inhibition of Pin1 could be a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Quint A J Hagdorn
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik E van der Feen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Single-cell transcriptomic profile of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells in health and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14714. [PMID: 34282213 PMCID: PMC8289993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an insidious disease characterized by severe remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature caused in part by pathologic changes of endothelial cell functions. Although heterogeneity of endothelial cells across various vascular beds is well known, the diversity among endothelial cells in the healthy pulmonary vascular bed and the pathologic diversity among pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) in PAH is unknown and previously unexplored. Here single-cell RNA sequencing technology was used to decipher the cellular heterogeneity among PAEC in the human pulmonary arteries isolated from explanted lungs from three patients with PAH undergoing lung transplantation and three healthy donor lungs not utilized for transplantation. Datasets of 36,368 PAH individual endothelial cells and 36,086 healthy cells were analyzed using the SeqGeq bioinformatics program. Total population differential gene expression analyses identified 629 differentially expressed genes between PAH and controls. Gene Ontology and Canonical Ingenuity analysis revealed pathways that are known to be involved in pathogenesis, as well as unique new pathways. At the individual cell level, dimensionality reduction followed by density based clustering revealed the presence of eight unique PAEC clusters that were typified by proliferative, angiogenic or quiescent phenotypes. While control and PAH harbored many similar subgroups of endothelial cells, PAH had greater proportions of angiogenic and proliferative subsets. These findings identify that only specific subgroups of PAH PAEC have gene expression different than healthy PAEC, and suggest these subpopulations lead to the pathologic functions leading to remodeling.
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A BMPR2/YY1 Signaling Axis Is Required for Human Cytomegalovirus Latency in Undifferentiated Myeloid Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0022721. [PMID: 34061599 PMCID: PMC8262994 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00227-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) presents a major health burden in the immunocompromised and in stem cell transplant medicine. A lack of understanding about the mechanisms of HCMV latency in undifferentiated CD34+ stem cells, and how latency is broken for the virus to enter the lytic phase of its infective cycle, has hampered the development of essential therapeutics. Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of HCMV latency and patient-derived myeloid cell progenitors, we demonstrate that bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) is necessary for HCMV latency. In addition, we define a crucial role for the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in HCMV latency; high levels of YY1 are maintained in latently infected cells as a result of BMPR2 signaling through the SMAD4/SMAD6 axis. Activation of SMAD4/6, through BMPR2, inhibits TGFbeta receptor signaling, which leads to the degradation of YY1 via induction of a cellular microRNA (miRNA), hsa-miR-29a. Pharmacological targeting of BMPR2 in progenitor cells results in the degradation of YY1 and an inability to maintain latency and renders cells susceptible to T cell killing. These data argue that BMPR2 plays a role in HCMV latency and is a new potential therapeutic target for maintaining or disrupting HCMV latency in myeloid progenitors.
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Estradiol Upregulates the Expression of the TGF-β Receptors ALK5 and BMPR2 during the Gonadal Development of Schizothorax prenanti. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051365. [PMID: 34064919 PMCID: PMC8151950 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Schizothorax prenanti, known as the ya-fish, is mainly distributed in regions adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and is an endemic fish species with great economic importance in aquaculture in Western China. In the present study, we were aimed to explore the functions of ALK5 and BMPR2 during the gonadal development of S. prenanti. Our results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 may play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti. Abstract TGF-β receptors play important roles in mediating TGF-β signals during gonadal development. To identify the functions of TGF-β receptors, including the type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) and type II receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, BMPR2), during the gonadal development of S. prenanti, the full-length cDNA sequences of ALK5 and BMPR2 were isolated and characterized. Their expression patterns in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous estradiol (E2) -fed fish were analyzed. The cDNAs of ALK5 and BMPR2 were 1925 bp and 3704 bp in length and encoded 501 and 1070 amino acid residues, respectively. ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly expressed in gonads, particularly in cortical alveoli stage ovaries and mid-spermatogenic stage testes; however, the overall level of BMPR2 mRNA was higher than that of ALK5 during gonadal development. Furthermore, immunohistochemical signals of ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly detected at chromatin nucleolar oocytes and perinuclear oocytes in ovaries and at spermatocytes and spermatogonia in testes. Exogenous E2 induces the gonadal expression of ALK5 and BMPR2, and BMPR2 is more responsive to E2 than ALK5. These results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 might play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.
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Stam K, Clauss S, Taverne YJHJ, Merkus D. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension - What Have We Learned From Large Animal Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:574360. [PMID: 33937352 PMCID: PMC8085273 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.574360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) develops in a subset of patients after acute pulmonary embolism. In CTEPH, pulmonary vascular resistance, which is initially elevated due to the obstructions in the larger pulmonary arteries, is further increased by pulmonary microvascular remodeling. The increased afterload of the right ventricle (RV) leads to RV dilation and hypertrophy. This RV remodeling predisposes to arrhythmogenesis and RV failure. Yet, mechanisms involved in pulmonary microvascular remodeling, processes underlying the RV structural and functional adaptability in CTEPH as well as determinants of the susceptibility to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation in the context of CTEPH remain incompletely understood. Several large animal models with critical clinical features of human CTEPH and subsequent RV remodeling have relatively recently been developed in swine, sheep, and dogs. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the processes underlying development and progression of CTEPH, and on how animal models can help enlarge understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Stam
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Karnati S, Seimetz M, Kleefeldt F, Sonawane A, Madhusudhan T, Bachhuka A, Kosanovic D, Weissmann N, Krüger K, Ergün S. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Cardiovascular System: Vascular Repair and Regeneration as a Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649512. [PMID: 33912600 PMCID: PMC8072123 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It has been shown that vascular wall remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur not only in patients with COPD but also in smokers with normal lung function, suggesting a causal role for vascular alterations in the development of emphysema. Mechanistically, abnormalities in the vasculature, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, imbalances in cellular apoptosis/proliferation, and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress promote development of PH, cor pulmonale, and most probably pulmonary emphysema. Hypoxemia in the pulmonary chamber modulates the activation of key transcription factors and signaling cascades, which propagates inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils, resulting in vascular remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells have angiogenesis capabilities, resulting in transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle cells via aberrant activation of several cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The vascular endothelium influences the balance between vaso-constriction and -dilation in the heart. Targeting key players affecting the vasculature might help in the development of new treatment strategies for both PH and COPD. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge about vascular alterations and production of reactive oxygen species in COPD. The present review emphasizes on the importance of the vasculature for the usually parenchyma-focused view of the pathobiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Thati Madhusudhan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- UniSA Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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49
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Al-Qadi M, LeVarge B, Ford HJ. Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Approach in Group 5 Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616720. [PMID: 33842491 PMCID: PMC8026868 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is recognized to be associated with a number of comorbid conditions. Based on these associations, PH is classified into 5 groups, considering common pathophysiologic drivers of disease, histopathologic features, clinical manifestations and course, and response to PH therapy. However, in some of these associated conditions, these characteristics are less well-understood. These include, among others, conditions commonly encountered in clinical practice such as sarcoidosis, sickle cell disease, myeloproliferative disorders, and chronic kidney disease/end stage renal disease. PH in these contexts presents a significant challenge to clinicians with respect to disease management. The most recent updated clinical classification schemata from the 6th World Symposium on PH classifies such entities in Group 5, highlighting the often unclear and/or multifactorial nature of PH. An in-depth review of the state of the science of Group 5 PH with respect to epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management is provided. Where applicable, future directions with respect to research needed to enhance understanding of the clinical course of these entities is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Al-Qadi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Barbara LeVarge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - H James Ford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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50
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Hagdorn QAJ, Kurakula K, Koop AMC, Bossers GPL, Mavrogiannis E, van Leusden T, van der Feen DE, de Boer RA, Goumans MJTH, Berger RMF. Volume Load-Induced Right Ventricular Failure in Rats Is Not Associated With Myocardial Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:557514. [PMID: 33716758 PMCID: PMC7952521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.557514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Right ventricular (RV) function and failure are key determinants of morbidity and mortality in various cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial fibrosis is regarded as a contributing factor to heart failure, but its importance in RV failure has been challenged. This study aims to assess whether myocardial fibrosis drives the transition from compensated to decompensated volume load-induced RV dysfunction. Methods Wistar rats were subjected to aorto-caval shunt (ACS, n = 23) or sham (control, n = 15) surgery, and sacrificed after 1 month, 3 months, or 6 months. Echocardiography, RV pressure-volume analysis, assessment of gene expression and cardiac histology were performed. Results At 6 months, 6/8 ACS-rats (75%) showed clinical signs of RV failure (pleural effusion, ascites and/or liver edema), whereas at 1 month and 3 months, no signs of RV failure had developed yet. Cardiac output has increased two- to threefold and biventricular dilatation occurred, while LV ejection fraction gradually decreased. At 1 month and 3 months, RV end-systolic elastance (Ees) remained unaltered, but at 6 months, RV Ees had decreased substantially. In the RV, no oxidative stress, inflammation, pro-fibrotic signaling (TGFβ1 and pSMAD2/3), or fibrosis were present at any time point. Conclusions In the ACS rat model, long-term volume load was initially well tolerated at 1 month and 3 months, but induced overt clinical signs of end-stage RV failure at 6 months. However, no myocardial fibrosis or increased pro-fibrotic signaling had developed. These findings indicate that myocardial fibrosis is not involved in the transition from compensated to decompensated RV dysfunction in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quint A J Hagdorn
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Koop
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Guido P L Bossers
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Emmanouil Mavrogiannis
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tom van Leusden
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Diederik E van der Feen
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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