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Tomar RS, Rai-Kalal P, Jajoo A. Enhancing bioremediation potential of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus by NaCl for pyrene degradation. Biodegradation 2024; 35:687-699. [PMID: 38416268 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly recognized as promising organisms for bioremediation of organic pollutants. This study investigates the potential of enhancing the bioremediation efficiency of pyrene (PYR), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), through NaCl induced physiological and biochemical alterations in two microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus. Our findings reveal significant improvement in PYR removal when these microalgae were cultivated in the presence of 0.1% NaCl where PYR removal increased from 54 to 74% for C. vulgaris and from 26 to 75% for S. acutus. However, it was observed that NaCl induced stress had varying effects on the two species. While C. vulgaris exhibited increased PYR removal, it experienced reduced growth and biomass production, as well as lower photosynthetic efficiency when exposed to PYR and PYR + NaCl. In contrast, S. acutus displayed better growth and biomass accumulation under PYR + NaCl conditions, making it a more efficient candidate for enhancing PYR bioremediation in the presence of NaCl. In addition to assessing growth and biochemical content, we also investigated stress biomarkers, such as lipid peroxidation, polyphenol and proline contents. These findings suggest that S. acutus holds promise as an alternative microalgae species for PYR removal in the presence of NaCl, offering potential advantages in terms of bioremediation efficiency and ecological sustainability. This study highlights the importance of understanding the physiological and biochemical responses of microalgae to environmental stressors, which can be harnessed to optimize bioremediation strategies for the removal of organic pollutants like PYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India.
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
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2
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Liu M, Wang L, Yu Q, Song J, Zhu L, Jia KH, Qin X. The response of LncRNAs associated with photosynthesis-and pigment synthesis-related genes to green light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 161:65-78. [PMID: 38108929 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The quality of light is an important abiotic factor that affects the growth and development of green plants. Ultraviolet, red, blue, and far-red light all have demonstrated roles in regulating green plant growth and development, as well as light morphogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying photosynthetic organism responses to green light throughout the life of them are not clear. In this study, we exposed the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to green light and analyzed the dynamics of transcriptome changes. Based on the whole transcriptome data from C. reinhardtii, a total of 9974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under green light. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were mainly related to "carboxylic acid metabolic process," "enzyme activity," "carbon metabolism," and "photosynthesis and other processes." At the same time, 253 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs) were characterized as green light responsive. We also made a detailed analysis of the responses of photosynthesis- and pigment synthesis-related genes in C. reinhardtii to green light and found that these genes exhibited obvious dynamic expression. Lastly, we constructed a co-expression regulatory network, comprising 49 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 20 photosynthesis and pigment related genes, of which 9 mRNAs were also the predicted trans/cis-targets of 8 lncRNAs, these results suggested that lncRNAs may affect the expression of mRNAs related to photosynthesis and pigment synthesis. Our findings give a preliminary explanation of the response mechanism of C. reinhardtii to green light at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Longxin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jialin Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- Shandong University of Arts, Jinan, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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3
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Vilarrasa-Blasi J, Vellosillo T, Jinkerson RE, Fauser F, Xiang T, Minkoff BB, Wang L, Kniazev K, Guzman M, Osaki J, Barrett-Wilt GA, Sussman MR, Jonikas MC, Dinneny JR. Multi-omics analysis of green lineage osmotic stress pathways unveils crucial roles of different cellular compartments. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5988. [PMID: 39013881 PMCID: PMC11252407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of water homeostasis is a fundamental cellular process required by all living organisms. Here, we use the single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to establish a foundational understanding of osmotic-stress signaling pathways through transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics, and functional genomics approaches. Comparison of pathways identified through these analyses with yeast and Arabidopsis allows us to infer their evolutionary conservation and divergence across these lineages. 76 genes, acting across diverse cellular compartments, were found to be important for osmotic-stress tolerance in Chlamydomonas through their functions in cytoskeletal organization, potassium transport, vesicle trafficking, mitogen-activated protein kinase and chloroplast signaling. We show that homologs for five of these genes have conserved functions in stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and reveal a novel PROFILIN-dependent stage of acclimation affecting the actin cytoskeleton that ensures tissue integrity upon osmotic stress. This study highlights the conservation of the stress response in algae and land plants, and establishes Chlamydomonas as a unicellular plant model system to dissect the osmotic stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Tamara Vellosillo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert E Jinkerson
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Friedrich Fauser
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Tingting Xiang
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Benjamin B Minkoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Genomics Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lianyong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kiril Kniazev
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Guzman
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jacqueline Osaki
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Michael R Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Genomics Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Martin C Jonikas
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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4
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Wang T, Li D, Tian X, Huang G, He M, Wang C, Kumbhar AN, Woldemicael AG. Mitigating salinity stress through interactions between microalgae and different forms (free-living & alginate gel-encapsulated) of bacteria isolated from estuarine environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171909. [PMID: 38522526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress in estuarine environments poses a significant challenge for microalgal survival and proliferation. The interaction between microalgae and bacteria shows promise in alleviating the detrimental impacts of salinity stress on microalgae. Our study investigates this interaction by co-cultivating Chlorella sorokiniana, a freshwater microalga, with a marine growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas gessardii, both of which were isolated from estuary. In this study, bacteria were encapsulated using sodium alginate microspheres to establish an isolated co-culture system, preventing direct exposure between microalgae and bacteria. We evaluated microalgal responses to different salinities (5 PSU, 15 PSU) and interaction modes (free-living, gel-encapsulated), focusing on growth, photosynthesis, cellular metabolism, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties. High salinity inhibited microalgal proliferation, while gel-fixed interaction boosted Chlorella growth rate by 50.7 %. Both attached and free-living bacteria restored Chlorella's NPQ to normal levels under salt stress. Microalgae in the free-living interaction group exhibited a significantly lower respiratory rate compared to the pure algae group (-17.2 %). Increased salinity led to enhanced EPS polysaccharide secretion by microalgae, particularly in interaction groups (19.7 %). Both salt stress and interaction increased the proportion of aromatic proteins in microalgae's EPS, enhancing its stability by modulating EPS glycosidic bond C-O-C and protein vibrations. This alteration caused microalgal cells to aggregate, free-living bacteria co-culture group, and fixed co-culture group increasing by 427.5 %, 567.1 %, and 704.1 %, respectively. In gel-fixed bacteria groups, reduced neutral lipids don't accumulate starch instead, carbon redirects to cellular growth, aiding salt stress mitigation. These synergistic activities between salinity and bacterial interactions are vital in mitigating salinity stress, improving the resilience and growth of microalgae in saline conditions. Our research sheds light on the mechanisms of microalgal-bacterial interactions in coping with salt stress, offering insights into the response of estuarine microorganisms to global environmental changes and their ecological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meilin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Ali Nawaz Kumbhar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Abeselom Ghirmai Woldemicael
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Ismaiel MMS, Piercey-Normore MD, Rampitsch C. Biochemical and proteomic response of the freshwater green alga Pseudochlorella pringsheimii to iron and salinity stressors. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38195399 PMCID: PMC10777535 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudochlorella pringsheimii (Ppr) is a green unicellular alga rich with chlorophyll, carotenoids, and antioxidants. As a widespread organism, Ppr must face, and adapt to, many environmental stresses and these are becoming more frequent and more extreme under the conditions of climate change. We therefore focused on salinity induced by NaCl and iron (Fe) variation stresses, which are commonly encountered by algae in their natural environment. RESULTS The relatively low stress levels improved the biomass, growth rate, and biochemical components of Ppr. In addition, the radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, and chelating activity were stimulated by lower iron concentrations and all NaCl concentrations. We believe that the alga has adapted to the stressors by increasing certain biomolecules such as carotenoids, phenolics, proteins, and carbohydrates. These act as antioxidants and osmoregulators to protect cell membranes and other cellular components from the harmful effects of ions. We have used SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE in combination with tandem mass spectrometry to identify responsive proteins in the proteomes of stressed vs. non-stressed Ppr. The results of 2D-PAGE analysis showed a total of 67 differentially expressed proteins, and SDS-PAGE identified 559 peptides corresponding to 77 proteins. Of these, 15, 8, and 17 peptides were uniquely identified only under the control, iron, and salinity treatments, respectively. The peptides were classified into 12 functional categories: energy metabolism (the most notable proteins), carbohydrate metabolism, regulation, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, stress proteins, oxido-reductase proteins, transfer proteins, ribonucleic-associated proteins, hypothetical proteins, and unknown proteins. The number of identified peptides was higher under salinity stress compared to iron stress. CONCLUSIONS A proposed mechanism for the adaptation of Ppr to stress is discussed based on the collected data. This data could serve as reference material for algal proteomics and the mechanisms involved in mediating stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M S Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | | | - Christof Rampitsch
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
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6
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Yao H, Liang Z, Wang W, Niu C. Integrative analyses of transcriptomes and metabolomes provide insight into salinity adaption in Bangia (Rhodaphyta). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127466. [PMID: 37875187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The salinity of the external environment poses a serious threat to most land plants. Although seaweeds can adapt to this, intertidal species are subject to wide fluctuations in salinity, including hypo- and hyper-saline conditions. The red algal genus Bangiales is a typical example; it is one of the oldest eukaryotes with sexual reproduction and has successfully adapted to both marine and freshwater environments. However, there is a dearth of research focused on elucidating the mechanism by which marine Bangia (Bangia fuscopurpurea) adapts to hypo-salinity, as well as the mechanism by which freshwater Bangia (Bangia atropurpurea) adapts to hyper-salinity. The objective of this study is to employ third-generation full-length transcriptome data and untargeted metabolome data, to provide insights into the salinity adaptation mechanism of as well as the evolutionary relationship between both Bangia species. B. fuscopurpurea and B. atropurpurea exhibited 9112 and 8772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, during various periods of hyper-saline condition. These genes were primarily enriched in secondary metabolites and energy-related metabolic pathways. Additionally, B. fuscopurpurea displayed 16,285 DEGs during different periods of hypo-saline condition, which were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways related to ion transport and membrane proteins. In the hyper- and hypo-saline adapt response processes of B. fuscopurpurea, a total of 303 transcription factors were identified, which belonged to 26 families. Among these, 85 and 142 differential transcription factors were identified, respectively, mainly belonging to the C2H2 and MYB family. Similarly, in the response process of B. atropurpurea to hyper-saline condition, a total of 317 transcription factors were identified, mainly belonging to 17 families. Among these, 121 differential transcription factors were identified, mainly belonging to the C2H2 and bZIP family. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the transcriptional and metabolic levels of both species under saline adaptation. The findings demonstrated that Bangia exhibits intricate adaptations to salinity, which involve swift regulation of its photosynthetic processes, alternations in membrane contents, and a robust anti-oxidation system to mitigate the effects of excess redox energy during exposure to varying salinity. Notably, the unsaturated fat and glutathione metabolic pathways were found to be significantly enriched in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Yao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhourui Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China.
| | - Citong Niu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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7
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Xing Q, Cabioch L, Desrut A, Le Corguillé G, Rousvoal S, Dartevelle L, Rolland E, Guitton Y, Potin P, Markov GV, Faugeron S, Leblanc C. Aldehyde perception induces specific molecular responses in Laminaria digitata and affects algal consumption by a specialist grazer. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1617-1632. [PMID: 37658798 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, distance signaling based on water-borne cues occurs during interactions between macroalgae and herbivores. In the brown alga Laminaria digitata from North-Atlantic Brittany, oligoalginates elicitation or grazing was shown to induce chemical and transcriptomic regulations, as well as emission of a wide range of volatile aldehydes, but their biological roles as potential defense or warning signals in response to herbivores remain unknown. In this context, bioassays using the limpet Patella pellucida and L. digitata were carried out for determining the effects of algal transient incubation with 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and dodecadienal on algal consumption by grazers. Simultaneously, we have developed metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to study algal molecular responses after treatments of L. digitata with these chemical compounds. The results indicated that, unlike the treatment of the plantlets with 4-HNE or dodecadienal, treatment with 4-HHE decreases algal consumption by herbivores at 100 ng.ml-1 . Moreover, we showed that algal metabolome was significantly modified according to the type of aldehydes, and more specifically the metabolite pathways linked to fatty acid degradation. RNAseq analysis further showed that 4-HHE at 100 ng.ml-1 can activate the regulation of genes related to oxylipin signaling pathways and specific responses, compared to oligoalginates elicitation. As kelp beds constitute complex ecosystems consisting of habitat and food source for marine herbivores, the algal perception of specific aldehydes leading to targeted molecular regulations could have an important biological role on kelps/grazers interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Xing
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Léa Cabioch
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoine Desrut
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR 2424, ABIMS Platform, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvie Rousvoal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Dartevelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Elodie Rolland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Centro de Conservación Marina and CeBiB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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Ingrisano R, Tosato E, Trost P, Gurrieri L, Sparla F. Proline, Cysteine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Abiotic Stress Response of Land Plants and Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3410. [PMID: 37836150 PMCID: PMC10574504 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteinogenic amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and plants synthesize all of them. In addition to their importance in plant growth and development, growing evidence underlines the central role played by amino acids and their derivatives in regulating several pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In the present review, we illustrate (i) the role of amino acids as an energy source capable of replacing sugars as electron donors to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and (ii) the role of amino acids as precursors of osmolytes as well as (iii) precursors of secondary metabolites. Among the amino acids involved in drought stress response, proline and cysteine play a special role. Besides the large proline accumulation occurring in response to drought stress, proline can export reducing equivalents to sink tissues and organs, and the production of H2S deriving from the metabolism of cysteine can mediate post-translational modifications that target protein cysteines themselves. Although our general understanding of microalgae stress physiology is still fragmentary, a general overview of how unicellular photosynthetic organisms deal with salt stress is also provided because of the growing interest in microalgae in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.I.); (E.T.); (P.T.); (F.S.)
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9
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Kalra I, Wang X, Zhang R, Morgan-Kiss R. High salt-induced PSI-supercomplex is associated with high CEF and attenuation of state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 157:65-84. [PMID: 37347385 PMCID: PMC10484818 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
While PSI-driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) and assembly of thylakoid supercomplexes have been described in model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, open questions remain regarding their contributions to survival under long-term stress. The Antarctic halophyte, C. priscuii UWO241 (UWO241), possesses constitutive high CEF rates and a stable PSI-supercomplex as a consequence of adaptation to permanent low temperatures and high salinity. To understand whether CEF represents a broader acclimation strategy to short- and long-term stress, we compared high salt acclimation between the halotolerant UWO241, the salt-sensitive model, C. reinhardtii, and a moderately halotolerant Antarctic green alga, C. sp. ICE-MDV (ICE-MDV). CEF was activated under high salt and associated with increased non-photochemical quenching in all three Chlamydomonas species. Furthermore, high salt-acclimated cells of either strain formed a PSI-supercomplex, while state transition capacity was attenuated. How the CEF-associated PSI-supercomplex interferes with state transition response is not yet known. We present a model for interaction between PSI-supercomplex formation, state transitions, and the important role of CEF for survival during long-term exposure to high salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Kalra
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 USA
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 USA
| | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
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10
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Chen P, Liu Y, Li C, Hua S, Sun C, Huang L. Antibacterial mechanism of vanillin against Escherichia coli O157: H7. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19280. [PMID: 37662745 PMCID: PMC10474422 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanillin, a plant-derived antimicrobial volatile substance, has potential microbial control applications in the food industry. However, the effect of vanillin on the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the antibacterial mechanism of vanillin against E. coli O157:H7. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibacterial effect of vanillin were determined by microdilution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the damage of vanillin to the cell membrane, while cell membrane potential and the leakage of nucleic acid protein were measured to explore the effect of vanillin on the membrane system. Confocal laser scanning and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration determination were utilized to investigate the effects of vanillin on the energy, life, and death of E. coli. Finally, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to investigate the gene expression differences induced by vanillin treatment. The results showed that vanillin treatment effectively controlled E. coli O157:H7 with an MIC of 2 mg/mL. After treatment, damage to the membrane system, depolarization of the membrane, and leakage of nucleic acid and protein were observed. Meanwhile, vanillin treatment caused decreased ATP content and cell death. Transcriptome analysis showed that vanillin treatment significantly affected the expression of genes involved in cell membrane formation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycling pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway in E. coli O157:H7. In conclusion, membrane damage and energy metabolism disruption are important mechanisms of vanillin's inhibitory effect on E. coli O157:H7. This study provides new insights into the molecular reaction mechanism of vanillin against E. coli O157:H7, highlighting its potential as an antibacterial substance for preventing E. coli contamination in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yinxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shuhao Hua
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Cui Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingxia Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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11
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Alyahya N, Taybi T. Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals differentially expressed genes and important related metabolic pathways in shoots and roots of a Saudi wheat cultivar (Najran) under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225541. [PMID: 37588415 PMCID: PMC10425591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High salinity of soil is a threatening constraint for agricultural output worldwide. The adverse effects of salt stress on plants can be revealed in different manners, from phenotypic to genetic changes. A comparative RNA-Sequencing analysis was done in roots and shoots of bread wheat, Najran cultivar between plants grown under unstressed control condition (0 mM NaCl) and salt treatment (200 mM NaCl). More than 135 million and 137 million pair-end reads were obtained from root and shoot samples, respectively. Of which, the mapped reads to Triticum aestivum genome IWGSC_V51 ranged from 83.9% to 85% in the root and 71.6% to 79% in the shoot. Interestingly, a comparison of transcriptomic profiling identified that total number of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) examined in the roots was much higher than that found in the shoots under NaCl treatment, 5829 genes were differentially expressed in the roots whereas 3495 genes in the shoots. The salt-induced change in the transcriptome was confirmed by RT-qPCR using a set of randomly selected genes. KEGG enrichment analysis classified all DEGs in both roots and shoots into 25 enriched KEGG pathways from three main KEGG classes: Metabolism, organismal systems and genetic information processing. According to that, the most significantly regulated pathways in the root and shoot tissues were glutathione metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and galactose metabolism suggesting that these pathways might participate in wheat salt tolerance. The findings highlight the importance of the control of oxidative stress via Glutathione and phenylpropanoids and the regulation of galactose metabolism in the roots and shoots for salt-tolerance in wheat. They open promising prospects for engineering salt-tolerance in this important crop via targeted improvement of the regulation of key genes in the production of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alyahya
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahar Taybi
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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12
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Ramachandran P, Pandey NK, Yadav RM, Suresh P, Kumar A, Subramanyam R. Photosynthetic efficiency and transcriptome analysis of Dunaliella salina under hypersaline: a retrograde signaling mechanism in the chloroplast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192258. [PMID: 37416885 PMCID: PMC10322210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of environmental salinity stress tolerance and acclimation strategies by photosynthetic organisms facilitates accelerating the genetic improvement of tolerant economically important crops. In this study, we have chosen the marine algae Dunaliella (D.) salina, a high-potential and unique organism that shows superior tolerance against abiotic stresses, especially hypersaline conditions. We have grown the cells in three different salt concentrations 1.5M NaCl (control), 2M NaCl, and 3M NaCl (hypersaline). Fast chlorophyll fluorescence analysis showed increased initial fluorescence (Fo) and decreased photosynthetic efficiency, indicating hampered photosystem II utilization capacity under hypersaline conditions. Also, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) localization studies and quantification revealed elevated accumulation of ROS was observed in the chloroplast in the 3M condition. Pigment analysis shows a deficit in chlorophyll content and increased carotenoid accumulation, especially lutein and zeaxanthin content. This study majorly explored the chloroplast transcripts of the D. salina cell as it is the major environmental sensor. Even though most of the photosystem transcripts showed moderate upregulation in hypersaline conditions in the transcriptome study, the western blot analysis showed degradation of the core as well as antenna proteins of both the photosystems. Among the upregulated chloroplast transcripts, chloroplast Tidi, flavodoxin IsiB, and carotenoid biosynthesis-related protein transcripts strongly proposed photosynthetic apparatus remodeling. Also, the transcriptomic study revealed the upregulation of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway (TPB) and identified the presence of a negative regulator of this pathway, called the s-FLP splicing variant. These observations point towards the accumulation of TPB pathway intermediates PROTO-IX, Mg-PROTO-IX, and P-Chlide, those earlier reported as retrograde signaling molecules. Our comparative transcriptomic approach along with biophysical and biochemical studies in D. salina grown under control (1.5 M NaCl) and hypersaline (3M NaCl) conditions, unveil an efficient retrograde signaling mechanism mediated remodeling of photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Ramachandran
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Pandey
- Novelegene Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Genomics division, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Praveena Suresh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Novelegene Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Genomics division, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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13
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Kholssi R, Lougraimzi H, Moreno-Garrido I. Effects of global environmental change on microalgal photosynthesis, growth and their distribution. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105877. [PMID: 36640723 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change (GCC) constitutes a complex challenge posing a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystems in the next decades. There are several recent studies dealing with the potential effect of increased temperature, decrease of pH or shifts in salinity, as well as cascading events of GCC and their impact on human-environment systems. Microalgae as primary producers are a sensitive compartment of the marine ecosystems to all those changes. However, the potential consequences of these changes for marine microalgae have received relatively little attention and they are still not well understood. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore and understand the effects generated by multiple climatic changes on marine microalgae growth and biodiversity. Therefore, this review aimed to compare and contrast mechanisms that marine microalgae exhibit to directly respond to harsh conditions associated with GCC and the potential consequences of those changes in marine microalgal populations. Literature shows that microalgae responses to environmental stressors such as temperature were affected differently. A stress caused by salinity might slow down cell division, reduces size, ceases motility, and triggers palmelloid formation in microalgae community, but some of these changes are strongly species-specific. UV irradiance can potentially lead to an oxidative stress in microalgae, promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induce direct physical damage on microalgae, then inhibiting the growth of microalgae. Moreover, pH could impact many groups of microalgae being more tolerant of certain pH shifts, while others were sensitive to changes of just small units (such as coccolithophorids) and subsequently affect the species at a higher trophic level, but also total vertical carbon transport in oceans. Overall, this review highlights the importance of examining effects of multiple stressors, considering multiple responses to understand the complexity behind stressor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Kholssi
- Composting Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Hanane Lougraimzi
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP: 242, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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14
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Khan I, Awan SA, Rizwan M, Akram MA, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Wang X, Zhang X, Huang L. Physiological and transcriptome analyses demonstrate the silver nanoparticles mediated alleviation of salt stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120863. [PMID: 36526056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a highly nutritive-value summer-annual forage crop used for hay, silage, grazing, and green chop. However, abiotic stresses including salinity negatively affect its growth and productivity. Furthermore, the nanotechnology is attaining greater consideration to reduce the impact of environmental stresses in plants. In the present study, transcriptome responses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in pearl millet under salinity were investigated. The treatments were given as Control, NaCl (250 mM), AgNPs (20 mg/L), and NaCl + AgNPs to pearl millet seedlings after thirteen days of seed sowing. After 1 h of given treatments, leaf samples were collected and subjected to physio-chemical examination and transcriptome analyses. Salt stress increased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and proline as compared to other treatments. In addition, the combined applications of NaCl + AgNPs ameliorated the oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Furthermore, RNA sequencing data showed 6016 commonly annotated Differentially Expressed Transcripts (DETs) among various treated combinations. Among them, 427 transcripts were upregulated, and 136 transcripts were downregulated at nanoparticles vs control, 1469 upregulated and 1182 downregulated at salt vs control, 494 upregulated and 231 downregulated at salt + nanoparticles vs control, 783 upregulated and 523 downregulated at nanoparticles vs salt. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and plant hormonal signal transduction pathway were the enriched among all identified pathways. In addition, Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that salinity up regulated the relative expression of DETs in pearl millet while, AgNPs optimized their expression that are associated with various molecular and metabolic functions. Overall, AgNPs treatments effectively improved the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression pattern under salinity which could be attributed to positive impacts of AgNPs on pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Samrah Afzal Awan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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15
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Sherwell S, Kalra I, Li W, McKnight DM, Priscu JC, Morgan-Kiss RM. Antarctic lake phytoplankton and bacteria from near-surface waters exhibit high sensitivity to climate-driven disturbance. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6017-6032. [PMID: 35860854 PMCID: PMC10084183 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs), Antarctica, represent a cold, desert ecosystem poised on the threshold of melting and freezing water. The MDVs have experienced dramatic signs of climatic change, most notably a warm austral summer in 2001-2002 that caused widespread flooding, partial ice cover loss and lake level rise. To understand the impact of these climatic disturbances on lake microbial communities, we simulated lake level rise and ice-cover loss by transplanting dialysis-bagged communities from selected depths to other locations in the water column or to an open water perimeter moat. Bacteria and eukaryote communities residing in the surface waters (5 m) exhibited shifts in community composition when exposed to either disturbance, while microbial communities from below the surface were largely unaffected by the transplant. We also observed an accumulation of labile dissolved organic carbon in the transplanted surface communities. In addition, there were taxa-specific sensitivities: cryptophytes and Actinobacteria were highly sensitive particularly to the moat transplant, while chlorophytes and several bacterial taxa increased in relative abundance or were unaffected. Our results reveal that future climate-driven disturbances will likely undermine the stability and productivity of MDV lake phytoplankton and bacterial communities in the surface waters of this extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isha Kalra
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Diane M McKnight
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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16
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Enhancing the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus reuteri against Escherichia coli by random mutagenesis and delineating its mechanism. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Yang S, Tian L, Wang X, Wu M, Liao S, Fu J, Xiong W, Gong G. Metabolomics analysis and membrane damage measurement reveal the antibacterial mechanism of lipoic acid against Yersinia enterocolitica. Food Funct 2022; 13:11476-11488. [PMID: 36178296 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a pathogenic microorganism that can cause food-borne diseases. Lipoic acid (LA) has been used as an antioxidant against bacteria, but its antibacterial mechanism is rarely reported. This study aims to explore the antibacterial mechanism of LA and its effect on the metabolites of Y. enterocolitica through membrane damage and metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LA against Y. enterocolitica was 2.5 mg mL-1. The membrane potential was depolarized, and intracellular pH (pHin) and ATP were significantly reduced, indicating that LA destroys the cell membrane structure. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) further confirmed LA-induced cell membrane damage. The metabolic profile of Y. enterocolitica following LA treatment was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In the metabolome evaluation, 6209 differential metabolites were screened, including 3394 up-regulated and 2815 down-regulated metabolites. Fifteen metabolic pathways of Y. enterocolitica exhibited significant changes after LA treatment, including the pathways important for amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. The results show that LA is a bacteriostatic substance with potential application value in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Lu Tian
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Xuyang Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Mi Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Sichen Liao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Jiapeng Fu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Wangdan Xiong
- Grassl and Agri-Husbandry Research Center, School of Grassl and Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
| | - Guoli Gong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
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18
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Kumar A, Nonnis S, Castellano I, AbdElgawad H, Beemster GTS, Buia MC, Maffioli E, Tedeschi G, Palumbo A. Molecular response of Sargassum vulgare to acidification at volcanic CO 2 vents: Insights from proteomic and metabolite analyses. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3844-3858. [PMID: 35635253 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is impacting marine life all over the world. Understanding how species can cope with the changes in seawater carbonate chemistry represents a challenging issue. We addressed this topic using underwater CO2 vents that naturally acidify some marine areas off the island of Ischia. In the most acidified area of the vents, having a mean pH value of 6.7, comparable to far-future predicted acidification scenarios (by 2300), the biomass is dominated by the brown alga Sargassum vulgare. The novelty of the present study is the characterization of the S. vulgare proteome together with metabolite analyses to identify the key proteins, metabolites, and pathways affected by ocean acidification. A total of 367 and 387 proteins were identified in populations grown at pH that approximates the current global average (8.1) and acidified sites, respectively. Analysis of their relative abundance revealed that 304 proteins are present in samples from both sites: 111 proteins are either higher or exclusively present under acidified conditions, whereas 120 proteins are either lower or present only under control conditions. Functionally, under acidification, a decrease in proteins related to translation and post-translational processes and an increase of proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, oxidation-reduction processes, and protein folding were observed. In addition, small-molecule metabolism was affected, leading to a decrease of some fatty acids and antioxidant compounds under acidification. Overall, the results obtained by proteins and metabolites analyses, integrated with previous transcriptomic, physiological, and biochemical studies, allowed us to delineate the molecular strategies adopted by S. vulgare to grow in future acidified environments, including an increase of proteins involved in energetic metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes, and protein folding at the expense of proteins involved in translation and post-translational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Marine Research Center, Naples, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Marine Research Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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19
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Wen Y, Li W, Su R, Yang M, Zhang N, Li X, Li L, Sheng J, Tian Y. Multi-Target Antibacterial Mechanism of Moringin From Moringa oleifera Seeds Against Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925291. [PMID: 35756047 PMCID: PMC9213813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringin [4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate] is an isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera seeds. It is the bioactivated form of the glucosinolate precursor glucomoringin with various health benefits. However, few studies have examined the antibacterial activity of moringin. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of moringin against Listeria monocytogenes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and growth curves were used to evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of moringin against L. monocytogenes. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of moringin against L. monocytogenes. The transcriptome results were validated. The results showed that moringin inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes with a MIC of 400 μM. RNA sequencing results showed that the differences in the expression of genes related to the cell wall and membrane biosynthesis, phosphotransferase system (PTS), oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and DNA binding were significantly affected. As with the transcriptome results, the results of the mechanism verification found that moringin damaged the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane, stimulated oxidative stress, interfered with energy metabolism and DNA replication, and finally led to the death of L. monocytogenes. The present study provides evidence that moringin exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and insight into its potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongzhen Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ximing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Drug and Food Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Drug and Food Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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20
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Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Exogenous Spermidine-Induced Tolerance to Low-Iron Stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071260. [PMID: 35883751 PMCID: PMC9312307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency in plants is a major problem in agriculture. Therefore, we investigated both the physiological features and molecular mechanisms of plants’ response to low-Fe (LF) stress along with the mitigation of LF with exogenous spermidine (Spd) in tomato plants. The results showed that exogenous Spd foliar application relieved the suppressing effect of LF stress on tomato plants by regulating the photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll metabolism, antioxidant levels, organic acid secretion, polyamine metabolism and osmoregulatory systems. Analysis of transcriptomic sequencing results revealed that the differentially expressed genes of iron-deficiency stress were mainly enriched in the pathways of phytohormone signaling, starch and sucrose metabolism and phenyl propane biosynthesis in both leaves and roots. Moreover, Spd-induced promotion of growth under LF stress was associated with upregulation in the expression of some transcription factors that are related to growth hormone response in leaves (GH3, SAUR, ARF) and ethylene-related signaling factors in roots (ERF1, ERF2). We propose that traits associated with changes in low-iron-tolerance genes can potentially be used to improve tomato production. The study provides a theoretical basis for dealing with the iron deficiency issue to develop efficient nutrient management strategies in protected tomato cultivation.
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Influence of Blanching on the Gene Expression Profile of Phenylpropanoid, Flavonoid and Vitamin Biosynthesis, and Their Accumulation in Oenanthe javanica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030470. [PMID: 35326120 PMCID: PMC8944621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Field blanching is a process used in agriculture to obtain sweet, delicious, and tender stems of water dropwort by obstructing sunlight. The nutritional and transcriptomic profiling of blanched water dropwort has been investigated in our previous studies. However, the effect of blanching on the production of secondary metabolites and different vitamins in water dropwort has not been investigated at the transcriptomic level. This study explored the transcriptomic variations in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and different vitamin biosynthesis pathways under different blanching periods in the water dropwort stems (pre-blanching, mid-blanching, post-blanching, and control). The results show that polyphenol and flavonoid contents decreased; however, the contents of vitamins (A, B1, B2, and C) and antioxidant activity increased significantly after blanching. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of blanched water dropwort showed the downregulation of many important genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, and the downregulation of these genes might be the reason for the reduction in polyphenol and flavonoid contents. We also examined and highlighted the genes involved in the higher vitamin content, antioxidant activity, pale color, tenderness, and sweetness of the blanched stem of water dropwort. In conclusion, the present study explored the role of phenylpropanoid and vitamin biosynthesis, and it will provide a basis for future investigation and application in the blanch cultivation of water dropwort.
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Zhang LY, Xing ZT, Chen LQ, Zhang XJ, Fan SJ. Comprehensive Time-Course Transcriptome and Co-expression Network Analyses Identify Salt Stress Responding Mechanisms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Strain GY-D55. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828321. [PMID: 35283918 PMCID: PMC8908243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is highly necessary to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the salt stress response in green algae, which may contribute to finding the evolutionary cues of abiotic stress response in plants. Here, we reported a comprehensive temporal investigation of transcriptomes using data at eight different time points, from an early stage (2 h) to a late stage (up to 96 h) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii GY-D55 cells. The principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptome profiles showed that the samples of the early and late stages were well separated. A total of 12,445 genes were detected as differentially expressed genes. There were 1,861/2,270 common upregulated/downregulated genes for each time point compared with control samples. Samples treated with salt for 2, 8, and 24 h had a relatively large number of characteristic upregulated/downregulated genes. The functional enrichment analysis highlighted the timing of candidate regulatory mechanisms for salt stress responses in GY-D55 cells. Short time exposure to salt stress impaired oxidation-reduction, protein synthesis and modification, and photosynthesis. The algal cells promoted transcriptional regulation and protein folding to deal with protein synthesis/modification impairments and rapidly accumulated glycerol in the early stage (2-4 h) to cope with osmotic stress. At 12 and 24 h, GY-D55 cells showed increased expressions of signaling and photosynthetic genes to deal with the damage of photosynthesis. The co-expression module blue was predicted to regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress at early time points. In addition, we identified a total of 113 transcription factors (TFs) and predicted the potential roles of Alfin, C2C2, and the MYB family TFs in algal salt stress response.
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Ng LM, Komaki S, Takahashi H, Yamano T, Fukuzawa H, Hashimoto T. Hyperosmotic stress-induced microtubule disassembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:46. [PMID: 35065609 PMCID: PMC8783414 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Land plants respond to drought and salinity by employing multitude of sophisticated mechanisms with physiological and developmental consequences. Abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathways have evolved as land plant ancestors explored their habitats toward terrestrial dry area, and now play major roles in hyperosmotic stress responses in flowering plants. Green algae living in fresh water habitat do not possess abscisic acid signaling pathways but need to cope with increasing salt concentrations or high osmolarity when challenged with adverse aquatic environment. Hyperosmotic stress responses in green algae are largely unexplored. RESULTS In this study, we characterized hyperosmotic stress-induced cytoskeletal responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a fresh water green algae. The Chlamydomonas PROPYZAMIDE-HYPERSENSITEVE 1 (PHS1) tubulin kinase quickly and transiently phosphorylated a large proportion of cellular α-tubulin at Thr349 in G1 phase and during mitosis, which resulted in transient disassembly of microtubules, when challenged with > 0.2 M sorbitol or > 0.1 M NaCl. By using phs1 loss-of-function algal mutant cells, we demonstrated that transient microtubule destabilization by sorbitol did not affect cell growth in G1 phase but delayed mitotic cell cycle progression. Genome sequence analyses indicate that PHS1 genes evolved in ancestors of the Chlorophyta. Interestingly, PHS1 genes are present in all sequenced genomes of freshwater Chlorophyta green algae (including Chlamydomonas) but are absent in some marine algae of this phylum. CONCLUSION PHS1-mediated tubulin phosphorylation was found to be partly responsible for the efficient stress-responsive mitotic delay in Chlamydomonas cells. Ancient hyperosmotic stress-triggered cytoskeletal remodeling responses thus emerged when the PHS1 tubulin kinase gene evolved in freshwater green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Mei Ng
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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Fal S, Aasfar A, Rabie R, Smouni A, Arroussi HEL. Salt induced oxidative stress alters physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08811. [PMID: 35118209 PMCID: PMC8792077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting microalgal biomass productivity. In the present study, the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) was exposed to 200 mM NaCl for eight days to explore the physiological, biochemical and metabolomic changes. C. reinhradtii exhibited a significant decrease in growth rate, and Chl a and Chl b levels. 200 mM NaCl induced ROS generation in C. reinhardtii with increase in H2O2 content. This caused lipid peroxidation with increase in MDA levels. C. reinhardtii also exhibited an increase in carbohydrate and lipid accumulation under 200 mM NaCl conditions as storage molecules in cells to maintain microalgal survival. In addition, NaCl stress increased the content of carotenoids, polyphenols and osmoprotectant molecules such as proline. SOD and APX activities decreased, while ROS-scavenger enzymes (POD and CAT) decreased. Metabolomic response showed an accumulation of the major molecules implicated in membrane remodelling and stress resistance such oleic acid (40.29%), linolenic acid (19.29%), alkanes, alkenes and phytosterols. The present study indicates the physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of C. reinhardtii to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Fal
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderahim Aasfar
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Reda Rabie
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Fez, Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abelaziz Smouni
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham EL. Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
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Kumar S, Huang X, Li G, Ji Q, Zhou K, Zhu G, Ke W, Hou H, Zhu H, Yang J. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Blanched Stem of Oenanthe javanica. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112484. [PMID: 34834849 PMCID: PMC8625949 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the agricultural field, blanching is a technique used to obtain tender, sweet, and delicious water dropwort stems by blocking sunlight. The physiological and nutritional parameters of blanched water dropwort have been previously investigated. However, the molecular mechanism of blanching remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated transcriptomic variations for different blanching periods in the stem of water dropwort (pre, mid, post-blanching, and control). The results showed that many genes in pathways, such as photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and phytohormone signal transduction as well as transcription factors (TFs) were significantly dysregulated. Blanched stems of water dropwort showed the higher number of downregulated genes in pathways, such as photosynthesis, antenna protein, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, which ultimately affect the photosynthesis in water dropwort. The genes of hormone signal transduction pathways (ethylene, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroid, and indole-3-acetic acid) showed upregulation in the post-blanched water dropwort plants. Overall, a higher number of genes coding for TFs, such as ERF, BHLH, MYB, zinc-finger, bZIP, and WRKY were overexpressed in blanched samples in comparison with the control. These genes and pathways participate in inducing the length, developmental processes, pale color, and stress tolerance of the blanched stem. Overall, the genes responsive to blanching, which were identified in this study, provide an effective foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of blanching and photosynthesis regulations in water dropwort and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeet Kumar
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.K.); (G.L.); (H.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for New Variety Breeding of Tropical Crop, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xinfang Huang
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.); (K.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.K.); (G.L.); (H.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun Ji
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.); (K.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Kai Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.); (K.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for New Variety Breeding of Tropical Crop, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Weidong Ke
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.); (K.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.K.); (G.L.); (H.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honglian Zhu
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.); (K.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.K.); (G.L.); (H.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Choi HI, Hwang SW, Kim J, Park B, Jin E, Choi IG, Sim SJ. Augmented CO 2 tolerance by expressing a single H +-pump enables microalgal valorization of industrial flue gas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6049. [PMID: 34663809 PMCID: PMC8523702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can accumulate various carbon-neutral products, but their real-world applications are hindered by their CO2 susceptibility. Herein, the transcriptomic changes in a model microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in a high-CO2 milieu (20%) are evaluated. The primary toxicity mechanism consists of aberrantly low expression of plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) accompanied by intracellular acidification. Our results demonstrate that the expression of a universally expressible PMA in wild-type strains makes them capable of not only thriving in acidity levels that they usually cannot survive but also exhibiting 3.2-fold increased photoautotrophic production against high CO2 via maintenance of a higher cytoplasmic pH. A proof-of-concept experiment involving cultivation with toxic flue gas (13 vol% CO2, 20 ppm NOX, and 32 ppm SOX) shows that the production of CO2-based bioproducts by the strain is doubled compared with that by the wild-type, implying that this strategy potentially enables the microalgal valorization of CO2 in industrial exhaust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Il Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongrae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghyeok Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Malkmes MJ, Jiang C, Wang P, Zhu L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Huang H, Jiang L. Antibacterial mechanism and transcriptome analysis of ultra-small gold nanoclusters as an alternative of harmful antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126236. [PMID: 34492988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a well-known Au25 NCs with high purity was prepared by simple one-pot reducing method. The as-synthesized Au25 NCs exhibited excellent antibacterial efficiency toward Gram-negative bacteria in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which could be used as nanoantibiotics to replace harmful antibiotics. The antibacterial assays showed that almost 100% bacteria were killed at lower concentration (100-150 μM) within a short time (30-60 min), providing a rapid and effective killing outcome for Gram-negative bacteria. After that, antibacterial mechanism was mainly investigated at cellular level via destruction of membrane integrity, disruption of antioxidant defense system, metabolic inactivation, DNA damage, as well as at molecular level via transcriptome analysis (RNA sequencing) for the first time. RNA sequencing results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to biosynthesis of cell wall and membrane, glycolysis and TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and DNA replication and repair were significantly affected. It was concluded that synergetic effect of membrane damage, oxidative stress, DNA damage and energy metabolism eventually led to the Gram-negative bacteria growth inhibition and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Matthew Jay Malkmes
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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28
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Abu-Ghosh S, Iluz D, Dubinsky Z, Miller G. Exogenous Abscisic Acid Confers Salinity Tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii During Its Life Cycle. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1323-1334. [PMID: 33963561 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) coordinates responses to environmental signals with developmental changes and is important for stress resilience and crop yield. However, fundamental questions remain about how this phytohormone affects microalgal growth and stress regulation throughout the different stages of their life cycle. In this study, the effects of ABA on the physiology of the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at its different life cycle stages were investigated. Exogenously added ABA enhanced the growth and photosynthesis of C. reinhardtii during the vegetative stage. The hormone also increased the tolerance of this alga to high-salinity stress during gamete formation under nutrient depletion, as well as it extended their survival. We show that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the ABA-treated cells was significantly less than that in the untreated cells under inhibiting NaCl concentrations. Cell size examination showed that ABA prevents cells from forming palmella when exposed to high salinity. All together, these results suggest that ABA can support the vitality and survival of C. reinhardtii under high salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - David Iluz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Environmental Sciences and Agriculture, Beit Berl Academic College, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Deptartment of science, Talpiot Academic College, Holon, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
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29
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Hounslow E, Evans CA, Pandhal J, Sydney T, Couto N, Pham TK, Gilmour DJ, Wright PC. Quantitative proteomic comparison of salt stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis reveals mechanisms for salt-triggered fatty acid accumulation via reallocation of carbon resources. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34022944 PMCID: PMC8141184 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model green alga strain for molecular studies; its fully sequenced genome has enabled omic-based analyses that have been applied to better understand its metabolic responses to stress. Here, we characterised physiological and proteomic changes between a low-starch C. reinhardtii strain and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, to reveal insights into their contrasting responses to salinity stress. RESULTS Each strain was grown in conditions tailored to their growth requirements to encourage maximal fatty acid (as a proxy measure of lipid) production, with internal controls to allow comparison points. In 0.2 M NaCl, C. nivalis accumulates carbohydrates up to 10.4% DCW at 80 h, and fatty acids up to 52.0% dry cell weight (DCW) over 12 days, however, C. reinhardtii does not show fatty acid accumulation over time, and shows limited carbohydrate accumulation up to 5.5% DCW. Analysis of the C. nivalis fatty acid profiles showed that salt stress improved the biofuel qualities over time. Photosynthesis and respiration rates are reduced in C. reinhardtii relative to C. nivalis in response to 0.2 M NaCl. De novo sequencing and homology matching was used in conjunction with iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis to identify and relatively quantify proteomic alterations in cells exposed to salt stress. There were abundance differences in proteins associated with stress, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism proteins. In terms of lipid synthesis, salt stress induced an increase in dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase in C. nivalis (1.1-fold change), whilst levels in C. reinhardtii remained unaffected; this enzyme is involved in acetyl CoA production and has been linked to TAG accumulation in microalgae. In salt-stressed C. nivalis there were decreases in the abundance of UDP-sulfoquinovose (- 1.77-fold change), which is involved in sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol metabolism, and in citrate synthase (- 2.7-fold change), also involved in the TCA cycle. Decreases in these enzymes have been shown to lead to increased TAG production as fatty acid biosynthesis is favoured. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018148. CONCLUSIONS These differences in protein abundance have given greater understanding of the mechanism by which salt stress promotes fatty acid accumulation in the un-sequenced microalga C. nivalis as it switches to a non-growth state, whereas C. reinhardtii does not have this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hounslow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C A Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - J Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - T Sydney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - N Couto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - T K Pham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - D James Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - P C Wright
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Schomaker RA, Dudycha JL. De novo transcriptome assembly of the green alga Ankistrodesmus falcatus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251668. [PMID: 33989339 PMCID: PMC8121315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankistrodesmus falcatus is a globally distributed freshwater chlorophyte that is a candidate for biofuel production, is used to study the effects of toxins on aquatic communities, and is used as food in zooplankton research. Each of these research fields is transitioning to genomic tools. We created a reference transcriptome for of A. falcatus using NextGen sequencing and de novo assembly methods including Trinity, Velvet-Oases, and EvidentialGene. The assembled transcriptome has a total of 17,997 contigs, an N50 value of 2,462, and a GC content of 64.8%. BUSCO analysis recovered 83.3% of total chlorophyte BUSCOs and 82.5% of the eukaryotic BUSCOs. A portion (7.9%) of these supposedly single-copy genes were found to have transcriptionally active, distinct duplicates. We annotated the assembly using the dammit annotation pipeline, resulting in putative functional annotation for 68.89% of the assembly. Using available rbcL sequences from 16 strains (10 species) of Ankistrodesmus, we constructed a neighbor-joining phylogeny to illustrate genetic distances of our A. falcatus strain to other members of the genus. This assembly will be valuable for researchers seeking to identify Ankistrodesmus sequences in metatranscriptomic and metagenomic field studies and in experiments where separating expression responses of zooplankton and their algal food sources through bioinformatics is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schomaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jeffry L Dudycha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Gu Z, Ren Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Liang C, Tong S, Wang Y, Xu D, Zhang X, Ye N. Integrating Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Characterize Metabolic Regulation to Elevated CO 2 in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:255-275. [PMID: 33689052 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With atmospheric CO2 increasing, a large amount of CO2 is absorbed by oceans and lakes, which changes the carbonate system and affects the survival of aquatic plants, especially microalgae. The main aim of our study was to explore the responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) to elevated CO2 by combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis under three different scenarios: control (CK, 400 ppm), short-term elevated CO2 (ST, 1000 ppm), and long-term elevated CO2 (LT, 1000 ppm). The transcriptomic data showed moderate changes between ST and CK. However, metabolic analysis indicated that fatty acids (FAs) and partial amino acids (AAs) were increased under ST. There was a global downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism but increase in the TCA cycle and β-oxidation under LT. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses demonstrated that the nutritional constituents (FAs, AAs) under LT were poor compared with CK, and most genes and metabolites involved in C and N metabolism were significantly downregulated. However, the growth and photosynthesis of cells under LT increased significantly. Thus, C. reinhardtii could form a specific adaptive evolution to elevated CO2, affecting future biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zipeng Gu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Chengwei Liang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Shanying Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, 186 Hongqi Middle Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Lv H, Kim M, Park S, Baek K, Oh H, Polle JE, Jin E. Comparative transcriptome analysis of short-term responses to salt and glycerol hyperosmotic stress in the green alga Dunaliella salina. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ves-Urai P, Krobthong S, Thongsuk K, Roytrakul S, Yokthongwattana C. Comparative secretome analysis between salinity-tolerant and control Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains. PLANTA 2021; 253:68. [PMID: 33594587 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Secretome analysis of a salt-tolerant and control Chlamydomonas reinhardtii revealed 514 differentially expressed proteins. Membrane transport and trafficking, signal transduction and channel proteins were up-regulated in the ST secretome. Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits crop production worldwide. Multiple adverse effects have been reported in many living organisms exposed to high-saline concentrations. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is known for secreting proteins in response to many environmental stresses. A salinity-tolerant (ST) strain of Chlamydomonas has been developed, whose cells were able to grow at 300 mM NaCl. The current study analyzed the secretomes of ST grown in TAP medium supplemented with 300 mM NaCl and the laboratory strain CC-503 grown in TAP medium without NaCl supplement. In total, 514 secreted proteins were identified of which 203 were up-regulated and 110 were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 168 proteins to be secreted or in the conventional secretory pathway. Out of these, 70 were up-regulated, while 51 proteins were down-regulated. Proteins involved in membrane transport and trafficking, signal transduction and channel proteins were altered in their expression in the ST secretome, suggesting the response of saline stress acts toward not only the intracellular pool of proteins but also the extracellular proteins. This also suggested that the secreted proteins might have roles in the extracellular space. Signal peptide (SP) prediction revealed that almost 40% of the predicted secreted proteins contained a signal peptide; however, a high proportion of proteins lacked an SP, suggesting that these proteins might be secreted through an unconventional protein secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthompong Ves-Urai
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Karnpitcha Thongsuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chotika Yokthongwattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Physiological and Molecular Responses to Main Environmental Stressors of Microalgae and Bacteria in Polar Marine Environments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121957. [PMID: 33317109 PMCID: PMC7764121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic and Antarctic regions constitute 14% of the total biosphere. Although they differ in their physiographic characteristics, both are strongly affected by snow and ice cover changes, extreme photoperiods and low temperatures, and are still largely unexplored compared to more accessible sites. This review focuses on microalgae and bacteria from polar marine environments and, in particular, on their physiological and molecular responses to harsh environmental conditions. The data reported in this manuscript show that exposure to cold, increase in CO2 concentration and salinity, high/low light, and/or combination of stressors induce variations in species abundance and distribution for both polar bacteria and microalgae, as well as changes in growth rate and increase in cryoprotective compounds. The use of -omics techniques also allowed to identify specific gene losses and gains which could have contributed to polar environmental adaptation, and metabolic shifts, especially related to lipid metabolism and defence systems, such as the up-regulation of ice binding proteins, chaperones and antioxidant enzymes. However, this review also provides evidence that -omics resources for polar species are still few and several sequences still have unknown functions, highlighting the need to further explore polar environments, the biology and ecology of the inhabiting bacteria and microalgae, and their interactions.
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Guo X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Fan S. Screening of Salt Stress Responsive Genes in Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. by Transcriptome Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1522. [PMID: 33182395 PMCID: PMC7697870 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common abiotic stresses, salt stress seriously impairs crop yield. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. is a model species for studying wheat and other grasses. In the present investigation, the physiological responses of B. distachyon treated with different concentrations of NaCl for 24 h were measured. Therefore, the control and the seedlings of B. distachyon treated with 200 mM NaCl for 24 h were selected for transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome differential analysis showed that a total of 4116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, including 3120 upregulated and 996 downregulated ones. GO enrichment assay indicated that some subsets of genes related to the active oxygen scavenging system, osmoregulatory substance metabolism, and abscisic-acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure were significantly upregulated under salt stress. The MapMan analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were dramatically enriched in wax metabolic pathways. The expressions of transcription factor (TF) family members such as MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF were increased under salt stress, regulating the response of plants to salt stress. Collectively, these findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of grass crops to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
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Investigation of an Antioxidative System for Salinity Tolerance in Oenanthe javanica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100940. [PMID: 33019501 PMCID: PMC7601823 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, such as drought and salinity, severely affect the growth and yield of many plants. Oenanthe javanica (commonly known as water dropwort) is an important vegetable that is grown in the saline-alkali soils of East Asia, where salinity is the limiting environmental factor. To study the defense mechanism of salt stress responses in water dropwort, we studied two water dropwort cultivars, V11E0022 and V11E0135, based on phenotypic and physiological indexes. We found that V11E0022 were tolerant to salt stress, as a result of good antioxidant defense system in the form of osmolyte (proline), antioxidants (polyphenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant enzymes (APX and CAT), which provided novel insights for salt-tolerant mechanisms. Then, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process could reduce oxidative stress and enhance energy production that can help in adaptation against salt stress. Similarly, lipid metabolic processes can also enhance tolerance against salt stress by reducing the transpiration rate, H2O2, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that DEGs involved in hormone signals transduction pathway promoted the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative stress; likewise, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavonoid pathways also stimulated the biosynthesis of proline and flavonoids, respectively, in response to salt stress. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) were also identified, which play an important role in salt stress tolerance of water dropwort. The finding of this study will be helpful for crop improvement under salt stress.
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Landi S, Esposito S. Bioinformatic Characterization of Sulfotransferase Provides New Insights for the Exploitation of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Caulerpa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186681. [PMID: 32932673 PMCID: PMC7554865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpa is an unusual algal genus from Caulerpaceae (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales). Species from this family produce a wide range of metabolites suitable for biotechnology applications. Among these, sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are often highly desirable for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Here, we provide a classification of sulfotransferases from Caulerpa; these important enzymes catalyze the nodal step for the biosynthesis of SPs. For this, we performed phylogenetic, genomic, expression analyses and prediction of the protein structure on sulfotransferases from Caulerpa. Sequences, domains and structures of sulfotransferases generally shared common characteristics with other plants and algae. However, we found an extensive duplication of sulfotransferase gene family, which is unique among the green algae. Expression analysis revealed specific transcript abundance in the pinnae and rachis of the alga. The unique genomic features could be utilized for the production of complex SPs, which require multiple and specific sulfation reactions. The expansion of this gene family in Caulerpaceae would have resulted in a number of proteins characterizing the unique SPs found in these algae. We provide a putative biosynthetic pathway of SPs, indicating the unique characteristics of this pathway in Caulerpa species. These data may help in the future selection of Caulerpa species for both commercial applications and genetic studies to improve the synthesis of valuable products from Caulerpa.
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Hang LT, Mori K, Tanaka Y, Morikawa M, Toyama T. Enhanced lipid productivity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with combination of NaCl and CaCl2 stresses. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:971-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Electrical impedance as an indicator of microalgal cell health. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1251. [PMID: 31988339 PMCID: PMC6985174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Separating specific cell phenotypes from a heterotypic mixture is a critical step in many research projects. Traditional methods usually require a large sample volume and a complex preparation process that may alter cell property during the sorting process. Here we present the use of electrical impedance as an indicator of cell health and for identifying specific microalgal phenotypes. We developed a microfluidic platform for measuring electrical impedance at different frequencies using the bacterium-sized green alga Picochlorum SE3. The cells were cultured under different salinity conditions and sampled at four different time points. Our results demonstrate the utility of electrical impedance as an indicator of cell phenotype by providing results that are consistent with known changes in cell size and physiology. Outliers in the cell data distribution are particularly useful because they represent phenotypes that have the ability to maintain size and/or membrane ionic permeability under prolonged salt stress. This suggests that our device can be used to identify and sort desired (e.g., experimentally evolved, mutant) cell phenotypes based on their electrical impedance properties.
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Sanz Smachetti ME, Coronel CD, Salerno GL, Curatti L. Sucrose-to-ethanol microalgae-based platform using seawater. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121657. [PMID: 31861232 PMCID: PMC6952985 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity is a challenging environmental stress for organisms to overcome. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are especially vulnerable as they have to grapple not only with ionic imbalance and osmotic stress but also with the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfering with photosynthesis. This review attempts to compare and contrast mechanisms that algae, particularly the eukaryotic Chlamydomonas microalgae, exhibit in order to immediately respond to harsh conditions caused by high salinity. The review also collates adaptation mechanisms of freshwater algae strains under persistent high salt conditions. Understanding both short-term and long-term algal responses to high salinity is integral to further fundamental research in algal biology and biotechnology.
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Panahi B, Frahadian M, Dums JT, Hejazi MA. Integration of Cross Species RNA-seq Meta-Analysis and Machine-Learning Models Identifies the Most Important Salt Stress-Responsive Pathways in Microalga Dunaliella. Front Genet 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31555319 PMCID: PMC6727038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are potentially yielding sources of different high-value secondary metabolites. Salinity is a complex stress that influences various metabolite-related pathways in microalgae. To obtain a clear view of the underlying metabolic pathways and resolve contradictory information concerning the transcriptional regulation of Dunaliella species in salt stress conditions, RNA-seq meta-analysis along with systems levels analysis was conducted. A p-value combination technique with Fisher method was used for cross species meta-analysis on the transcriptomes of two Dunaliella salina and Dunaliellatertiolecta species. The potential functional impacts of core meta-genes were surveyed based on gene ontology and network analysis. In the current study, the integration of supervised machine-learning algorithms with RNA-seq meta-analysis was performed. The analysis shows that the lipid and nitrogen metabolism, structural proteins of photosynthesis apparatus, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and ROS-related genes are the keys and core elements of the Dunaliella salt stress response system. Cross-talk between Ca2+ signal transduction, lipid accumulation, and ROS signaling network in salt stress conditions are also proposed. Our novel approach opens new avenues for better understanding of microalgae stress response mechanisms and for selection of candidate gene targets for metabolite production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Panahi
- Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Frahadian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jacob T Dums
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
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Abdellaoui N, Kim MJ, Choi TJ. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression in Chlorella vulgaris under salt stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:141. [PMID: 31463611 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is an important freshwater alga that is widely used as a food source for humans and animals. High-salinity environments can cause accumulation of lipids and proteins in this species, but the mechanism of this accumulation and the salt response remain unclear. In this work, transcriptome analysis was performed for the C. vulgaris response to salt stress (1% and 3% NaCl) applied for different times (2 h and 4 h). In total, 5232 and 9196 were differentially expressed after 1% NaCl for 2 and 4 h, and 3968 and 9035 unigenes were differentially expressed after 3% NaCl for 2 and 4 h, respectively. The number of upregulated genes after 4 h of salinity stress was greater than the number of downregulated genes, suggesting that the alteration of gene expression may be related to a mechanism of adaptation to a high-salinity environment. Furthermore, gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that numerous biological pathways are affected by salt stress. Among the upregulated pathways, the cytoplasmic calcium signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of homeostasis, was highly upregulated. Genes involved in the photosystem I light-harvesting pathway were downregulated under salt stress. These results provide foundational information on the effects of salt stress on C. vulgaris metabolism and its possible mechanism of surviving high concentrations of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najib Abdellaoui
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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Hernández JA. Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Trends and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102408. [PMID: 31096626 PMCID: PMC6567217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the more prevailing abiotic stresses which results in significant losses in agricultural crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Hernández
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Dept. Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Wu J, Zhao Q, Wu G, Yuan H, Ma Y, Lin H, Pan L, Li S, Sun D. Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed Unigenes under NaCl Stress in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Using RNA-Seq. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E369. [PMID: 30654562 PMCID: PMC6359340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important industrial crop that is often cultivated on marginal lands, where salt stress negatively affects yield and quality. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using the powerful Illumina platform was employed for transcript analysis and gene discovery to reveal flax response mechanisms to salt stress. After cDNA libraries were constructed from flax exposed to water (negative control) or salt (100 mM NaCl) for 12 h, 24 h or 48 h, transcription expression profiles and cDNA sequences representing expressed mRNA were obtained. A total of 431,808,502 clean reads were assembled to form 75,961 unigenes. After ruling out short-length and low-quality sequences, 33,774 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified between salt-stressed and unstressed control (C) flax. Of these DEUs, 3669, 8882 and 21,223 unigenes were obtained from flax exposed to salt for 12 h (N1), 24 h (N2) and 48 h (N4), respectively. Gene function classification and pathway assignments of 2842 DEUs were obtained by comparing unigene sequences to information within public data repositories. qRT-PCR of selected DEUs was used to validate flax cDNA libraries generated for various durations of salt exposure. Based on transcriptome sequences, 1777 EST-SSRs were identified of which trinucleotide and dinucleotide repeat microsatellite motifs were most abundant. The flax DEUs and EST-SSRs identified here will serve as a powerful resource to better understand flax response mechanisms to salt exposure for development of more salt-tolerant varieties of flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wu
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Guangwen Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Yanhua Ma
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Hong Lin
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Liyan Pan
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Suiyan Li
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Dequan Sun
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
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Transcriptome Sequence Analysis Elaborates a Complex Defensive Mechanism of Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124019. [PMID: 30545146 PMCID: PMC6321183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is ubiquitous abiotic stress factor limiting viticulture productivity worldwide. However, the grapevine is vulnerable to salt stress, which severely affects growth and development of the vine. Hence, it is crucial to delve into the salt resistance mechanism and screen out salt-resistance prediction marker genes; we implicated RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technology to compare the grapevine transcriptome profile to salt stress. Results showed 2472 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in total in salt-responsive grapevine leaves, including 1067 up-regulated and 1405 down-regulated DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations suggested that many DEGs were involved in various defense-related biological pathways, including ROS scavenging, ion transportation, heat shock proteins (HSPs), pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) and hormone signaling. Furthermore, many DEGs were encoded transcription factors (TFs) and essential regulatory proteins involved in signal transduction by regulating the salt resistance-related genes in grapevine. The antioxidant enzyme analysis showed that salt stress significantly affected the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in grapevine leaves. Moreover, the uptake and distribution of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chlorine (Cl−) in source and sink tissues of grapevine was significantly affected by salt stress. Finally, the qRT-PCR analysis of DE validated the data and findings were significantly consistent with RNA-seq data, which further assisted in the selection of salt stress-responsive candidate genes in grapevine. This study contributes in new perspicacity into the underlying molecular mechanism of grapevine salt stress-tolerance at the transcriptome level and explore new approaches to applying the gene information in genetic engineering and breeding purposes.
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