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Gao Y, Dong X, Wang R, Hao F, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Lin G. Exogenous Calcium Alleviates Oxidative Stress Caused by Salt Stress in Peanut Seedling Roots by Regulating the Antioxidant Enzyme System and Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:233. [PMID: 38397831 PMCID: PMC10886236 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the adversity stresses plants face, and antioxidant defense mechanisms play an essential role in plant resistance. We investigated the effects of exogenous calcium on the antioxidant defense system in peanut seedling roots that are under salt stress by using indices including the transcriptome and absolute quantitative metabolome of flavonoids. Under salt stress conditions, the antioxidant defense capacity of enzymatic systems was weakened and the antioxidant capacity of the linked AsA-GSH cycle was effectively inhibited. In contrast, the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway and its upstream glycolysis metabolism pathway became active, which stimulated shikimate biosynthesis and the downstream phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, resulting in an increased accumulation of flavonoids, which, as one of the antioxidants in the non-enzymatic system, provide hydroxyl radicals to scavenge the excess reactive oxygen species and maintain the plant's vital activities. However, the addition of exogenous calcium caused changes in the antioxidant defense system in the peanut root system. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the antioxidant capacity of the AsA-GSH cycle were enhanced. Therefore, glycolysis and phenylpropanoid metabolism do not exert antioxidant function, and flavonoids were no longer synthesized. In addition, antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle showed a trade-off relationship with sugars and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guolin Lin
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (X.D.); (R.W.); (F.H.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Liu J, Meng F, Jiang A, Hou X, Liu Q, Fan H, Chen M. Exogenous 6-BA enhances salt tolerance of Limonium bicolor by increasing the number of salt glands. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:12. [PMID: 38135797 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Exogenous 6-BA can increase endogenous hormone content, improve photosynthesis, decrease Na+ by increasing leaf salt gland density and salt secretion ability, and reduce ROS content so that it can promote L. bicolor growth. 6-benzyl adenine (6-BA) is an artificial cytokinin and has been widely applied to improving plant adaptation to stress. However, it is rarely reported that 6-BA alleviates salt damage of halophytes. In this paper, we treated Limonium bicolor seedlings, a recretohalophyte with high medicinal and ornamental values, with 300 mM NaCl and different concentrations of 6-BA (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L) and measured plant growth, physiological index, the density of salt gland, and the salt secretion ability of leaves. The results showed that exogenous applications 1.0 mg/L 6-BA significantly improved plant growth and photosynthesis, increased cytokinin and auxins contents, K+ and organic soluble matter contents, the activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and POD, and decreased Na+, H2O2, and O2- contents compared to that treated with 300 mM NaCl. Further research showed that exogenous 6-BA significantly increased the density of salt gland and the salt secretion ability of leaves by upregulating the expression of the salt gland developmental genes, therefore, can secrete more excess Na+, and thus reduces the Na+ concentration in leaves, which can alleviate Na+ damage to the species. In all, exogenous 1.0 mg/L 6-BA can increase endogenous hormone, improve photosynthesis, decrease Na+ by increasing secretion ability, and reduce ROS content of L. bicolor so that it can improve the growth. These results above systematically prove the new role of 6-BA in salt tolerance of L. bicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Aijuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xueting Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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El Mouttaqi A, Mnaouer I, Nilahyane A, Ashilenje DS, Amombo E, Belcaid M, Ibourki M, Lazaar K, Soulaimani A, Devkota KP, Kouisni L, Hirich A. Influence of cutting time interval and season on productivity, nutrient partitioning, and forage quality of blue panicgrass ( Panicum antidotale Retz.) under saline irrigation in Southern region of Morocco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186036. [PMID: 37351212 PMCID: PMC10282189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has become a major issue in various parts of the world negatively impacting agricultural activities and leading to diminished crop potential and lower yields. Such situation calls for urgent interventions such as adopting salt-tolerant crops to fill the gap in food and feed availability. Blue panicgrass (Panicum antidotale Retz.) is a promising salt-tolerant forage crop that has shown an appropriate adaptation and performance in the saline, arid, and desertic environments of southern Morocco. However, for obtaining a highest forage productivity with nutritional quality, optimization of the cutting interval is required. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the optimal cutting time interval allowing high forage production and quality under high salinity conditions. This experiment was conducted over one entire year covering the summer and winter seasons. The effect of five cutting time intervals on selected agro-morphological traits, crop productivity, mineral nutrient accumulation, and forage quality of blue panicgrass in the region of Laayoune, southern Morocco. The finding of this study recommend that cutting blue panicgrass every 40 days maximized the annual fresh and dry forage yield as well as the protein yield, which reached 74, 22, and 2.9 t/ha, respectively. This study also revealed a significant effect of the season on both productivity and quality. However, forage yield declined during the winter and increased during the summer, while protein content increased during winter compared to summer. The mineral nutrient partitioning between shoots and roots, especially the K+/Na+ ratio, indicated that blue panicgrass has salt tolerance mechanism as it excluded sodium from the roots and compartmentalized it in the leaves. In conclusion, there is a potential of blue panicgrass on sustaining forage production under salt-affected drylands, as demonstrated by the response to two key questions: (a) a technical question to farmers for its adoption such as at which interval should blue panicgrass be harvested maximizing both forage yield and quality? And (b) a scientific question on how does blue panicgrass maintain high K+/Na+ ratio to cope with salinity stress?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub El Mouttaqi
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Ihssane Mnaouer
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Nilahyane
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Dennis S. Ashilenje
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Erick Amombo
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Belcaid
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ibourki
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Karima Lazaar
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Aziz Soulaimani
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- Soil, Water, and Agronomy (SWA) Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- Agriculture in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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Batool F, Hassan S, Azam S, Sher Z, Ali Q, Rashid B. Transformation and expressional studies of GaZnF gene to improve drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5064. [PMID: 36977831 PMCID: PMC10050179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is the major limiting factor in plant growth and production. Cotton is a significant crop as textile fiber and oilseed, but its production is generally affected by drought stress, mainly in dry regions. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Zinc finger transcription factor's gene (GaZnF) to enhance the drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum. Sequence features of the GaZnF protein were recognized through different bioinformatics tools like multiple sequence alignment analysis, phylogenetic tree for evolutionary relationships, Protein motifs, a transmembrane domain, secondary structure and physio-chemical properties indicating that GaZnF is a stable protein. CIM-482, a local Gossypium hirsutum variety was transformed with GaZnF through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method with 2.57% transformation efficiency. The integration of GaZnF was confirmed through Southern blot showing 531 bp, and Western blot indicated a 95 kDa transgene-GUS fusion band in transgenic plants. The normalized real-time expression analysis revealed the highest relative fold spatial expression of cDNA of GaZnF within leaf tissues at vegetative and flowering stages under drought stress. Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of transgenic cotton plants at 05- and 10-day drought stress was higher than those of non-transgenic control plants. The values of fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance reduced in GaZnF transgenic cotton plants at 05- and 10-day drought stress, but their values were less low in transgenic plants than those of non-transgenic control plants. These findings showed that GaZnF gene expression in transgenic plants could be a valuable source for the development of drought-tolerant homozygous lines through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Batool
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Sameera Hassan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Saira Azam
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Sher
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Rashid
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
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Yan K, Cui J, Zhi Y, Su H, Yu S, Zhou S. Deciphering salt tolerance in tetraploid honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) from ion homeostasis, water balance and antioxidant defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:266-274. [PMID: 36652848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyploid plants are usually salt tolerant, but the underlying mechanisms remain fragmental. This study aimed to dissect salt resistance of tetraploid honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) from ion balance, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense by contrasting with its autodiploid through pot experiments. Less salt-induced reduction in leaf and root biomass confirmed higher tolerance in tetraploid honeysuckle, and moreover, its greater stability of photosynthetic apparatus was verified by mild influence on delayed chlorophyll fluorescence transients. Compared with the diploid, greater root Na+ exclusion helped alleviate salt-induced decrease in leaf K+/Na+ for maintaining ion balance in tetraploid honeysuckle, and relied on Na+/H+ antiporter activity, because their difference of root Na+ exclusion disappeared after applying a specific inhibitor of Na+/H+ antiporter. Lower reduction in leaf relative water content suggested higher tolerance to osmotic pressure in tetraploid honeysuckle under salt stress, which hardly resulted from osmotic adjustment given the similar decrease extent of leaf osmotic potential with that in the diploid. In contrast to significant elevated leaf lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in the diploid, no obvious changes in them suggested that tetraploid honeysuckle never suffered salt-induced oxidative stress. According to more accumulated leaf chlorogenic acid and phenolics and greater elevated leaf phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and transcription, leaf phenolic synthesis was enhanced greater in tetraploid honeysuckle upon salt stress, which might serve to prevent oxidative threat by consuming reducing power. In conclusion, polyploidy enhanced salt tolerance in honeysuckle by maintaining ion homeostasis and water balance and preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Jinxin Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yibo Zhi
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; The Institute of Ecological Garden, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Shunyang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
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Prokopoviča V, Ievinsh G. Ranunculus sceleratus as a Model Species to Decrypt the Role of Ethylene in Plant Adaptation to Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020370. [PMID: 36679083 PMCID: PMC9862674 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop an experimental system for an exploration of ethylene-dependent responses using intact growing Ranunculus sceleratus plants and to approbate the system for assessing the role of ethylene in salinity tolerance and ion accumulation. Plants were cultivated in sealed plastic containers in a modified gaseous atmosphere by introducing ethylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. High humidity inside the containers induced a fast elongation of the leaf petioles of R. sceleratus. The effect was ethylene-dependent, as 1-MCP completely blocked it, but exogenous ethylene further promoted petiole elongation. Exogenous ethylene decreased (by 48%) but 1-MCP increased (by 48%) the Na+ accumulation in leaf blades of NaCl-treated plants. The experimental system was further calibrated with ethylene and silica xerogel, and the optimum concentrations were found for inducing leaf petiole elongation (10 μL L-1 ethylene) and preventing leaf petiole elongation (200 g silica xerogel per 24 L), respectively. The second experiment involved a treatment with NaCl in the presence of 1-MCP, ethylene, or 1-MCP + ethylene, both in normal and high air humidity conditions. In high humidity conditions, NaCl inhibited petiole elongation by 25% and ethylene treatment fully reversed this inhibition and stimulated elongation by 12% in comparison to the response of the control plants. Treatment with 1-MCP fully prevented this ethylene effect. In normal humidity conditions, NaCl inhibited petiole elongation by 20%, which was reversed by ethylene without additional elongation stimulation. However, 1-MCP only partially inhibited the ethylene effect on petiole elongation. In high humidity conditions, ethylene inhibited Na+ accumulation in NaCl-treated plants by 14%, but 1-MCP reversed this effect. In conclusion, the stimulation of endogenous ethylene production in R. sceleratus plants at a high air humidity or in flooded conditions reverses the inhibitory effect of salinity on plant growth and concomitantly inhibits the accumulation of Na+ in tissues. R. sceleratus is a highly promising model species for use in studies regarding ethylene-dependent salinity responses and ion accumulation potential involving the manipulation of a gaseous environment.
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Fitzner M, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. The interaction of salinity and light regime modulates photosynthetic pigment content in edible halophytes in greenhouse and indoor farming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1105162. [PMID: 37082347 PMCID: PMC10110887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Given its limited land and water use and the changing climate conditions, indoor farming of halophytes has a high potential to contribute significantly to global agriculture in the future. Notably, indoor farming and classical greenhouse cultivation differ in their light regime between artificial and solar lighting, which can influence plant metabolism, but how this affects the cultivation of halophytes has not yet been investigated. To address this question, we studied the yield and content of abscisic acid, carotenoids, and chlorophylls as well as chloride of three halophyte species (Cochlearia officinalis, Atriplex hortensis, and Salicornia europaea) differing in their salt tolerance mechanisms and following four salt treatments (no salt to 600 mM of NaCl) in two light regimes (greenhouse/indoor farming). In particular, salt treatment had a strong influence on chloride accumulation which is only slightly modified by the light regime. Moreover, fresh and dry mass was influenced by the light regime and salinity. Pigments exhibited different responses to salt treatment and light regime, reflecting their differing functions in the photosynthetic apparatus. We conclude that the interaction of light regime and salt treatment modulates the content of photosynthetic pigments. Our study highlights the potential applications of the cultivation of halophytes for indoor farming and underlines that it is a promising production system, which provides food alternatives for future diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fitzner
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Grossbeeren, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maria Fitzner,
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Grossbeeren, Germany
- Food Metabolome, Faculty of Life Science: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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Akram M, Naz N, Ali H. Anatomical and physiological systematics of Capparis decidua (Forsskal.) Edgew from different habitats of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Raihan MRH, Rahman M, Mahmud NU, Adak MK, Islam T, Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Application of Rhizobacteria, Paraburkholderia fungorum and Delftia sp. Confer Cadmium Tolerance in Rapeseed ( Brassica campestris) through Modulating Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202738. [PMID: 36297762 PMCID: PMC9610570 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of two different plant growth-promoting probiotic bacteria in conferring cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-14) through improving reactive oxygen species scavenging, antioxidant defense, and glyoxalase system. Soil, as well as seeds of rapeseed, were separately treated with probiotic bacteria, Paraburkholderia fungorum BRRh-4 and Delftia sp. BTL-M2. Fourteen-day-old seedlings were exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mM CdCl2 for two weeks. Cadmium-treated plants resulted in a higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, increased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll damage, and impaired antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Consequently, it reduced plant growth and biomass production, and yield parameters. However, probiotic bacteria-inoculated plants significantly ameliorated the Cd toxicity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and glyoxalase enzymes (glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II) which led to the mitigation of oxidative damage indicated by reduced hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage that ultimately improved growth, physiology, and yield of the bacterial inoculants rapeseed plants. When taken together, our results demonstrated the potential role of the plant probiotic bacteria, BRRh-4 and BTL-M2, in mitigating the Cd-induced damages in rapeseed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0795, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
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Li X, Cao X, Li J, Niu Q, Mo Y, Xiao L. Genome-wide characterization of C2H2 zinc-finger gene family provides insight into the mechanisms and evolution of the dehydration-rehydration responses in Physcomitrium and Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953459. [PMID: 36262662 PMCID: PMC9574186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration tolerance is a vital factor for land plant evolution and world agricultural production. Numerous studies enlightened that the plant-specific C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) as master regulators played pivotal roles in the abiotic stress responses of plants. However, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of C2H2-ZFPs in terrestrial plants and its regulatory mechanism in dehydration and rehydration response remains a mystery. In this study, the genome-wide identification of C2H2-ZFP genes revealed 549 homologs in the representatives of terrestrial plant lineages from liverwort to angiosperms. Based on the characteristics of the conserved C2H2-ZF domains, four major C2H2-ZF types (M-, Z-, Q-, and D-type) were identified in the C2H2-ZFPs, with the dominants of M-type in all selected species and followed by Z-type in non-seed plants and Q-type in seed plants, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the identified C2H2-ZFPs supported four major groups in the land plant representatives, among which the members from the desiccation-tolerant Physcomitrium patens and the dehydration-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana displayed different topological relationships in the phylogenies reconstructed for a single species. C2H2-ZFPs clustered in the same subclades shared similar features in their conserved domains and gene structures. Approximately, 81% of the C2H2-ZFP promoters of all 549 identified C2H2-ZFPs harbored the conserved ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) and/or dehydration-responsive elements (DREs). Comparative transcriptomic analyses showed that 50 PpZFPs and 56 AtZFPs significantly changed their transcripts abundance. Interestingly, most of the dehydration- and rehydration-responsive PpZPFs and AtZFPs had been predicted to contain the ABRE and DRE elements in their promoter regions and with over half of which phylogenetically belonging to group III. The differences in the expression patterns of C2H2-ZFPs in responses to dehydration and rehydration between P. patens and A. thaliana reflected their different strategies to adapt to dehydration. The identified candidate PpZFPs were specifically induced by moderate dehydration and reached the peak transcript abundance in severe dehydration. Our study lays the foundations for further functional investigation of C2H2-ZFPs in dehydration responses from an evolutionary perspective in land plants. The findings will provide us with genetic resources and potential targets for drought tolerance breeding in crops and beyond.
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Comparative Study of Trehalose and Trehalose 6-Phosphate to Improve Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Wheat and Mustard Seedlings under Salt and Water Deficit Stresses. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) regulates sugar levels and starch metabolism in a plant cell and thus interacts with various signaling pathways, and after converting T6P into trehalose (Tre), it acts as a vital osmoprotectant under stress conditions. This study was conducted using wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) and mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sharisha 13) seedlings to investigate the role of Tre and T6P in improving salt and water deficit stress tolerance. The seedlings were grown hydroponically using Hyponex solution and exposed to salt (300 and 200 mM NaCl for wheat and mustard, respectively) and water deficit (20 and 12% PEG 6000 for wheat and mustard, respectively) stresses with or without Tre and T6P. The study demonstrated that salt and water deficit stress negatively influenced plant growth by destroying photosynthetic pigments and increasing oxidative damage. In response to salt and water deficit stresses, the generation of H2O2 increased by 114 and 67%, respectively, in wheat seedlings, while in mustard, it increased by 86 and 50%, respectively. Antioxidant defense systems were also altered by salt and water deficit stresses due to higher oxidative damage. The AsA content was reduced by 65 and 38% in wheat and 61 and 45% in mustard under salt and water deficit stresses, respectively. The subsequent negative results of salinity and water deficit can be overcome by exogenous application of Tre and T6P; these agents reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing H2O2 and TBARS levels and increasing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, the application of Tre and T6P decreased the accumulation of Na in the shoots and roots of wheat and mustard seedlings. Therefore, the results suggest that the use of Tre and T6P is apromising strategy to alleviate osmotic and ionic toxicity in plants under salt and water deficit stresses.
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Yan K, Mei H, Dong X, Zhou S, Cui J, Sun Y. Dissecting photosynthetic electron transport and photosystems performance in Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905100. [PMID: 35968142 PMCID: PMC9363833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), a vegetable with medical applications, has a strong adaptability to marginal barren land, but the suitability as planting material in saline land remains to be evaluated. This study was envisaged to examine salt tolerance in Jerusalem artichoke from the angle of photosynthetic apparatus stability by dissecting the photosynthetic electron transport process. Potted plants were exposed to salt stress by watering with a nutrient solution supplemented with NaCl. Photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition appeared under salt stress, according to the significant decrease in the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSI (△MR/MR0) and PSII. Consistently, leaf hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and lipid peroxidation were remarkably elevated after 8 days of salt stress, confirming salt-induced oxidative stress. Besides photoinhibition of the PSII reaction center, the PSII donor side was also impaired under salt stress, as a K step emerged in the prompt chlorophyll transient, but the PSII acceptor side was more vulnerable, considering the decreased probability of an electron movement beyond the primary quinone (ETo/TRo) upon depressed upstream electron donation. The declined performance of entire PSII components inhibited electron inflow to PSI, but severe PSI photoinhibition was not averted. Notably, PSI photoinhibition elevated the excitation pressure of PSII (1-qP) by inhibiting the PSII acceptor side due to the negative and positive correlation of △MR/MR0 with 1-qP and ETo/TRo, respectively. Furthermore, excessive reduction of PSII acceptors side due to PSI photoinhibition was simulated by applying a specific inhibitor blocking electron transport beyond primary quinone, demonstrating that PSII photoinhibition was actually accelerated by PSI photoinhibition under salt stress. In conclusion, PSII and PSI vulnerabilities were proven in Jerusalem artichoke under salt stress, and PSII inactivation, which was a passive consequence of PSI photoinhibition, hardly helped protect PSI. As a salt-sensitive species, Jerusalem artichoke was recommended to be planted in non-saline marginal land or mild saline land with soil desalination measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Huimin Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinxin Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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de la Osa C, Pérez‐López J, Feria A, Baena G, Marino D, Coleto I, Pérez‐Montaño F, Gandullo J, Echevarría C, García‐Mauriño S, Monreal JA. Knock-down of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 3 negatively impacts growth, productivity, and responses to salt stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:231-249. [PMID: 35488514 PMCID: PMC9539949 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a carboxylating enzyme with important roles in plant metabolism. Most studies in C4 plants have focused on photosynthetic PEPC, but less is known about non-photosynthetic PEPC isozymes, especially with respect to their physiological functions. In this work, we analyzed the precise roles of the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) PPC3 isozyme by the use of knock-down lines with the SbPPC3 gene silenced (Ppc3 lines). Ppc3 plants showed reduced stomatal conductance and plant size, a delay in flowering time, and reduced seed production. In addition, silenced plants accumulated stress indicators such as Asn, citrate, malate, and sucrose in roots and showed higher citrate synthase activity, even in control conditions. Salinity further affected stomatal conductance and yield and had a deeper impact on central metabolism in silenced plants compared to wild type, more notably in roots, with Ppc3 plants showing higher nitrate reductase and NADH-glutamate synthase activity in roots and the accumulation of molecules with a higher N/C ratio. Taken together, our results show that although SbPPC3 is predominantly a root protein, its absence causes deep changes in plant physiology and metabolism in roots and leaves, negatively affecting maximal stomatal opening, growth, productivity, and stress responses in sorghum plants. The consequences of SbPPC3 silencing suggest that this protein, and maybe orthologs in other plants, could be an important target to improve plant growth, productivity, and resistance to salt stress and other stresses where non-photosynthetic PEPCs may be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara de la Osa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Jesús Pérez‐López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Ana‐Belén Feria
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Guillermo Baena
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Daniel Marino
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Inmaculada Coleto
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | | | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Cristina Echevarría
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Sofía García‐Mauriño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - José A. Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
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OfSPL11 Gene from Osmanthus fragrans Promotes Plant Growth and Oxidative Damage Reduction to Enhance Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a popular and traditional Chinese decorative plant. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the growth and development of O. fragrans. However, the involvement of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-like (SPL) gene in salt stress response is little understood. To elucidate the role of the OfSPL genes in salt stress resistance, we isolated a candidate gene, OfSPL11, from the O. fragrans genotype ‘Yanhong Gui’. OfSPL11 is a transcriptional activator that is located in the nucleus. OfSPL11 is a salt-inducible gene that is highly expressed in young leaves and shoots, according to tissue-specific expression and external treatment. The promoter activity of OfSPL11 is activated by salt treatments in the leaves of tobacco and callus of O. fragrans. The OfSPL11 transgenic lines exhibited better growth and physiological performance; under salt stress, transgenic lines have a faster germination rate, longer roots, and less leaf withering than the wild type (WT). In addition, OfSPL11 overexpression protected the leaves from oxidative damage by suppressing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in Arabidopsis. OfSPL11 overexpression can promote the expression of some genes in response to abiotic stresses, including AtCBL1, AtCOR15A, AtCOR6.6, AtRD29A, AtSOS2 and AtSOS3. Yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression assays showed that OfZAT12 (homologous to Arabidopsis AtRHL41 gene) specifically binds to the OfSPL11 promoter and positively regulates its expression. This study sheds fresh light on the role of OfSPL11 in enhancing salt tolerance in O. fragrans by promoting growth and reducing oxidative damage.
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Root Na+ Content Negatively Correlated to Salt Tolerance Determines the Salt Tolerance of Brassica napus L. Inbred Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070906. [PMID: 35406886 PMCID: PMC9002931 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major environmental stressor that reduces the growth and yield of crops. Maintaining the balance of ions under salinity is vital for plant salt tolerance; however, little is known about the correlation between the salt tolerance of crops and the ion contents of their roots and shoots. Here, we investigated the poorly understood salt-tolerance mechanisms, particularly regarding ion contents (particularly Na+), in Brassica napus subsp. napus L., an agriculturally important species. Twenty B. napus inbred lines were randomly chosen from five salt-tolerance categories and treated with increasing concentrations of NaCl (0–200 mmol) for this work. We found that the root Na+ content is the most correlated limiting factor for the salt tolerance of B. napus; the higher the salt tolerance, the lower the root Na+ content. Correspondingly, the Ca2+/Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios of the roots were highly correlated with B. napus salt tolerance, indicating that the selective absorption ability of these ions by the roots and their translocation to the shoots play a pivotal role in this trait. These data provide a foundation for the further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance and for breeding salt-tolerant B. napus cultivars.
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Jēkabsone A, Andersone-Ozola U, Karlsons A, Romanovs M, Ievinsh G. Effect of Salinity on Growth, Ion Accumulation and Mineral Nutrition of Different Accessions of a Crop Wild Relative Legume Species, Trifolium fragiferum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060797. [PMID: 35336679 PMCID: PMC8948842 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop wild relatives represent a valuable resource for the breeding of new crop varieties suitable for sustainable productivity in conditions of climate change. The aim of the present study was to assess salt tolerance of several wild accessions of T. fragiferum from habitats with different salinity levels in controlled conditions. Decrease of plant biomass and changes in partitioning between different organs was a characteristic response of plants with increasing substrate salinity, but these responses were genotype-specific. In several accessions, salinity stimulated reproductive development. The major differences in salinity responses between various T. fragiferum genotypes were at the level of dry biomass accumulation as well as water accumulation in plant tissues, resulting in relatively more similar effect on fresh mass. Na+ and Cl- accumulation capacity were organ-specific, with leaf petioles accumulating more, followed by leaf blades and stolons. Responses of mineral nutrition clearly were both genotype- and organ-specific, but several elements showed a relatively general pattern, such as increase in Zn concentration in all plant parts, and decrease in Ca and Mg concentration. Alterations in mineralome possibly reflect a reprogramming of the metabolism to adapt to changes in growth, morphology and ion accumulation resulting from effect of NaCl. High intraspecies morphological and physiological variability in responses of T. fragiferum accessions to salinity allow to describe them as ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astra Jēkabsone
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia; (A.J.); (U.A.-O.); (M.R.)
| | - Una Andersone-Ozola
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia; (A.J.); (U.A.-O.); (M.R.)
| | - Andis Karlsons
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Māris Romanovs
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia; (A.J.); (U.A.-O.); (M.R.)
| | - Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia; (A.J.); (U.A.-O.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Wang DR, Yang K, Wang X, Lin XL, Rui L, Liu HF, Liu DD, You CX. Overexpression of MdZAT5, an C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein, Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation and Salt Stress Response in Apple Calli and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031897. [PMID: 35163816 PMCID: PMC8836528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are widely involved and play an important role in plant growth and abiotic stress. In this research, MdZAT5, a gene encoding C2H2-type zinc finger protein, was cloned and investigated. The MdZAT5 was highly expressed in flower tissues by qRT-PCR analyses and GUS staining. Promoter analysis showed that MdZAT5 contained multiple response elements, and the expression levels of MdZAT5 were induced by various abiotic stress treatments. Overexpression of MdZAT5 in apple calli positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation by activating the expressions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Overexpression of MdZAT5 in Arabidopsis also enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin. In addition, MdZAT5 increased the sensitivity to salt stress in apple calli. Ectopic expression of MdZAT5 in Arabidopsis reduced the expression of salt-stress-related genes (AtNHX1 and AtABI1) and improved the sensitivity to salt stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that MdZAT5 plays a positive regulatory role in anthocyanin accumulation and negatively regulates salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Kuo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Xiao-Lu Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Lin Rui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Hao-Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (D.-D.L.); (C.-X.Y.)
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.-D.L.); (C.-X.Y.)
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18
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Hasanuzzaman M, Raihan MRH, Khojah E, Samra BN, Fujita M, Nahar K. Biochar and Chitosan Regulate Antioxidant Defense and Methylglyoxal Detoxification Systems and Enhance Salt Tolerance in Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122017. [PMID: 34943120 PMCID: PMC8699025 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of biochar and chitosan in mitigating salt stress in jute (Corchorus olitorius L. cv. O-9897) by exposing twenty-day-old seedlings to three doses of salt (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). Biochar was pre-mixed with the soil at 2.0 g kg−1 soil, and chitosan-100 was applied through irrigation at 100 mg L−1. Exposure to salt stress notably increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, superoxide radical levels, electrolyte leakage, lipoxygenase activity, and methylglyoxal content, indicating oxidative damage in the jute plants. Consequently, the salt-stressed plants showed reduced growth, biomass accumulation, and disrupted water balance. A profound increase in proline content was observed in response to salt stress. Biochar and chitosan supplementation significantly mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress in jute by stimulating both non-enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate and glutathione) and enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase) antioxidant systems and enhancing glyoxalase enzyme activities (glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II) to ameliorate reactive oxygen species damage and methylglyoxal toxicity, respectively. Biochar and chitosan supplementation increased oxidative stress tolerance and improved the growth and physiology of salt-affected jute plants, while also significantly reducing Na+ accumulation and ionic toxicity and decreasing the Na+/K+ ratio. These findings support a protective role of biochar and chitosan against salt-induced damage in jute plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Ebtihal Khojah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bassem N. Samra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (K.N.)
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Munsif F, Kong X, Khan A, Shah T, Arif M, Jahangir M, Akhtar K, Tang D, Zheng J, Liao X, Faisal S, Ali I, Iqbal A, Ahmad P, Zhou R. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in isonuclear kenaf genotypes under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1295-1308. [PMID: 33135207 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a potential abiotic stress and globally threatens crop productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance with respect to cytoplasmic effect, gene expression, and metabolism pathway under salt stress have not yet been reported in isonuclear kenaf genotypes. To fill this knowledge gap, growth, physiological, biochemical, transcriptome, and cytoplasm changes in kenaf cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line (P3A) and its iso-nuclear maintainer line (P3B) under 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and control conditions were analyzed. Salt stress significantly reduced leaf soluble protein, soluble sugars, proline, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and induced oxidative damage in terms of higher MDA contents in both genotypes. The reduction of these parameters resulted in a reduced plant growth compared with control. However, P3A was relatively more tolerant to salt stress than P3B. This tolerance of P3A was further confirmed by improved physio-biochemical traits under salt stress conditions. Transcriptome analysis showed that 4256 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes under salt stress were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that photosynthesis, photosynthesis antenna-protein, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways might be associated with the improved NaCl stress tolerance in P3A. Conclusively, P3A cytoplasmic male sterile could be a potential salt-tolerant material for future breeding program of kenaf and can be used for phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. These data provide a valuable resource on the cytoplasmic effect of salt-responsive genes in kenaf and salt stress tolerance in kenaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Munsif
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shah Faisal
- College of Agronomy Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 71200, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ruiyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
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20
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Nounjan N, Theerakulpisut P. Physiological evaluation for salt tolerance in green and purple leaf color rice cultivars at seedling stage. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2819-2832. [PMID: 35035138 PMCID: PMC8720124 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anthocyanin, a water-soluble pigment found in plants, has been reported to be associated with abiotic stress tolerance including salt stress. For a better understanding of the role of anthocyanin in response to salt stress, two salt-tolerant rice genotypes having different leaf anthocyanin content, one having green ('Pokkali'; PK) and the other purple leaves ('Niew Dam 019'; ND 019), were used in this study. After being subjected to salt stress (150 mM NaCl) for 5 d, the 3-week-old rice genotypes PK and ND 019 exhibited significant physiological responses (water content, Na+/K+ ratio, osmolyte accumulation, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant capacity, membrane damage and chlorophyll) and expression of ion transporter genes, indicating overall salt tolerance ability. However, the green-leaved rice variety, PK, had better root-to-shoot Na+ exclusion mechanism than the purple-leaved variety, ND 019 as evidenced by lower Na+ accumulation in leaves compared to ND 019 despite the fact that they accumulated the similar level of Na+ in roots. On the other hand, ND 019 accumulated higher concentration of osmolytes leading to more enhanced osmotic adjustment. These results revealed that Na+ ion exclusion was the prominent salt tolerance mechanism in the green-leaved PK whereas in the purple-leaved ND 019 osmotic adjustment was the more significant strategy. Under salt stress, there was no remarkable change in anthocyanin in PK while a reduction was found in ND 019. Thus, it could be proposed that anthocyanin did not play a vital role in protecting the purple-leaved rice, ND 019 from salt stress during seedling stage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01114-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppawan Nounjan
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Mueang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Mueang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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21
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Ali AAM, Romdhane WB, Tarroum M, Al-Dakhil M, Al-Doss A, Alsadon AA, Hassairi A. Analysis of Salinity Tolerance in Tomato Introgression Lines Based on Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Traits. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122594. [PMID: 34961065 PMCID: PMC8704676 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of salt-tolerant tomato genotypes is a basic requirement to overcome the challenges of tomato production under salinity in the field or soil-free farming. Two groups of eight tomato introgression lines (ILs) each, were evaluated for salinity tolerance. Group-I and the group-II resulted from the following crosses respectively: Solanum lycopersicum cv-6203 × Solanum habrochaites and Solanum lycopersicum M82 × Solanum pennellii. Salt tolerance level was assessed based on a germination percentage under NaCl (0, 75, 100 mM) and in the vegetative stage using a hydroponic growing system (0, 120 mM NaCl). One line from group I (TA1648) and three lines from group II (IL2-1, IL2-3, and IL8-3) were shown to be salt-tolerant since their germination percentages were significantly higher at 75 and 100 mM NaCl than that of their respective cultivated parents cvE6203 and cvM82. Using the hydroponic system, IL TA1648 and IL 2-3 showed the highest value of plant growth traits and chlorophyll concentration. The expression level of eight salt-responsive genes in the leaves and roots of salt-tolerant ILs (TA1648 and IL 2-3) was estimated. Interestingly, SlSOS1, SlNHX2, SlNHX4, and SlERF4 genes were upregulated in leaves of both TA1648 and IL 2-3 genotypes under NaCl stress. While SlHKT1.1, SlNHX2, SlNHX4, and SlERF4 genes were upregulated under salt stress in the roots of both TA1648 and IL 2-3 genotypes. Furthermore, SlSOS2 and SlSOS3 genes were upregulated in TA1648 root and downregulated in IL 2-3. On the contrary, SlSOS1 and SlHKT1.2 genes were upregulated in the IL 2-3 root and downregulated in the TA1648 root. Monitoring of ILs revealed that some of them have inherited salt tolerance from S. habrochaites and S. pennellii genetic background. These ILs can be used in tomato breeding programs to develop salt-tolerant tomatoes or as rootstocks in grafting techniques under saline irrigation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Tarroum
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Al-Dakhil
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
- Natural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alsadon
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Afif Hassairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
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Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Keya SS, Siddiqui MN, Ansary MMU, Das AK, Rahman MA, Tran LSP. Adaptive Mechanisms of Halophytes and Their Potential in Improving Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910733. [PMID: 34639074 PMCID: PMC8509322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization, which is aggravated by climate change and inappropriate anthropogenic activities, has emerged as a serious environmental problem, threatening sustainable agriculture and future food security. Although there has been considerable progress in developing crop varieties by introducing salt tolerance-associated traits, most crop cultivars grown in saline soils still exhibit a decline in yield, necessitating the search for alternatives. Halophytes, with their intrinsic salt tolerance characteristics, are known to have great potential in rehabilitating salt-contaminated soils to support plant growth in saline soils by employing various strategies, including phytoremediation. In addition, the recent identification and characterization of salt tolerance-related genes encoding signaling components from halophytes, which are naturally grown under high salinity, have paved the way for the development of transgenic crops with improved salt tolerance. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update on salinity-induced negative effects on soils and plants, including alterations of physicochemical properties in soils, and changes in physiological and biochemical processes and ion disparities in plants. We also review the physiological and biochemical adaptation strategies that help halophytes grow and survive in salinity-affected areas. Furthermore, we illustrate the halophyte-mediated phytoremediation process in salinity-affected areas, as well as their potential impacts on soil properties. Importantly, based on the recent findings on salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes, we also comprehensively discuss the potential of improving salt tolerance in crop plants by introducing candidate genes related to antiporters, ion transporters, antioxidants, and defense proteins from halophytes for conserving sustainable agriculture in salinity-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (L.S.-P.T.); Tel.: +1-806-5007763 (M.G.M.); +1-806-8347829 (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Md. Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mesbah Uddin Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Lam Son-Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (L.S.-P.T.); Tel.: +1-806-5007763 (M.G.M.); +1-806-8347829 (L.S.-P.T.)
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23
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Exogenous Application of Chitosan Alleviate Salinity Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major factors that affect plant growth and decrease agricultural productivity worldwide. Chitosan (CTS) has been shown to promote plant growth and increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. However, it still remains unknown whether the application of exogenous CTS can mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on lettuce plants. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of foliar application of exogenous CTS to lettuce plants grown under 100 mM NaCl saline conditions. The results showed that exogenous CTS increased the lettuce total leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weight, increased leaf chlorophyll a, proline, and soluble sugar contents, enhanced peroxidase and catalase activities, and alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation, in comparison with untreated plants, in response to salt stress. Furthermore, the application of exogenous CTS increased the accumulation of K+ in lettuce but showed no significant effect on the K+/Na+ ratio, as compared with that of plants treated with NaCl alone. These results suggested that exogenous CTS might mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on plant growth and biomass by modulating the intracellular ion concentration, controlling osmotic adjustment, and increasing antioxidant enzymatic activity in lettuce leaves.
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Wei X, Liu L, Lu C, Yuan F, Han G, Wang B. SbCASP4 improves salt exclusion by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier. PLANTA 2021; 254:81. [PMID: 34554320 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SbCASP4 improves the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mocnch] by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier and blocking the transport of sodium ions to the shoot. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mocnch] is a C4 crop with high biomass and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, and waterlogging. Sweet sorghum is widely used in bioenergy production, as a forage crop, and in liquors and beer. Root salt exclusion has been reported to underlie the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum. The Casparian strip has a key role in root salt exclusion, and the membrane domain protein (CASP) family participates in Casparian strip aggregation. However, the function and the regulatory mechanisms of SbCASP in response to salt stress in sweet sorghum are unclear. In the current study, we cloned SbCASP4 and determined that it is induced by salt stress and expressed in the endodermis cells of sweet sorghum. Histochemical staining and physiological indicators showed that heterologous expression of SbCASP4 significantly increased the tolerance to salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with wild type and casp5 mutants, under 50 mM NaCl treatment, SbCASP4-expression lines had the less leaf Na+, lower PI accumulation in stele, smaller oxidative damage and higher salinity threshold, longer root length and higher expression levels of the genes related to Casparian strip formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Wei
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Wu Y, Fan X, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Sun L, Rahman FU, Liu C. VvSNAT1 overexpression enhances melatonin production and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:485-494. [PMID: 34166975 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in the regulation of development and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) functions as a key catalytic enzyme involved in melatonin biosynthesis. In this study, the candidate gene VvSNAT1 (SNAT isogene) was isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot). Tissue-specific expression and external treatment revealed that VvSNAT1 is a salt-inducible gene that is highly expressed in leaves. Subcellular localisation results revealed that VvSNAT1 was located in the chloroplasts, which is similar to other plant SNAT proteins. Ectopic overexpression of VvSNAT1 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased melatonin production and salt tolerance. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing VvSNAT1 exhibited enhanced growth and physiological performance, including a lower degree of leaf wilting, higher germination rate, higher fresh weight, and longer root length under salt stress. Moreover, overexpression of VvSNAT1 in Arabidopsis protected cells from oxidative damage by reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These results indicate that VvSNAT1 positively responds to salt stress. Our results provide a novel perspective for VvSNAT1 to improve salt tolerance, mediated by melatonin accumulation, plant growth promotion and oxidative damage reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandi Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Xiucai Fan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Jianfu Jiang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Faiz Ur Rahman
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China.
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26
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Kahli H, Sbartai H, Cohen-Bouhacina T, Bourguignon J. Characterization of cadmium accumulation and phytoextraction in three species of the genus Atriplex (canescens, halimus and nummularia) in the presence or absence of salt. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:902-911. [PMID: 34243017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish for the first time a comparison between the resistance to cadmium (Cd) stress of three halophyte species, Atriplex canescens, Atriplex halimus and Atriplex nummularia in addition to their already known tolerance for salt and drought. Plants were exposed to CdCl2 (20 and 50 μM) in the presence or in the absence of salt (50 mM NaCl) for one and two months. The amount of accumulated Cd was determined in the roots and leaves as well as the amount excreted on the surface of the leaves. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and stress biomarkers, including malondialdehyde and enzymatic activities, were then analyzed. The results show that these plants are able to neutralize the excess of reactive oxygen species resulting from treatments by activating the antioxidant defense mechanisms in order to restore the homeostasis of cells. All three species are also able to accumulate high amounts of Cd in the leaves (several hundred mg of Cd/kg of dry leaves) and this phenomenon is amplified in the presence of salt. All together our results allow to consider the three Atriplex species as hyperaccumulators in the presence/absence of salt and as good candidates in a strategy of Cd phytoextraction in the presence of low concentrations of the pollutant. Nevertheless, both A. canescens and A. nummularia species seem to have a higher capacity to hyper-accumulate Cd when the concentration of Cd reaches higher level of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Kahli
- Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire (LTC), CRS UBMA, 23000, Annaba, Algeria; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Hana Sbartai
- Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire (LTC), CRS UBMA, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
| | | | - Jacques Bourguignon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, 38000, Grenoble, France
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27
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Han G, Qiao Z, Li Y, Wang C, Wang B. The Roles of CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158327. [PMID: 34361093 PMCID: PMC8347928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger proteins, a superfamily of proteins with a typical structural domain that coordinates a zinc ion and binds nucleic acids, participate in the regulation of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. Most zinc fingers are C2H2-type or CCCC-type, named after the configuration of cysteine (C) and histidine (H); the less-common CCCH zinc-finger proteins are important in the regulation of plant stress responses. In this review, we introduce the domain structures, classification, and subcellular localization of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in plants and discuss their functions in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation via interactions with DNA, RNA, and other proteins. We describe the functions of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in plant development and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, flooding, cold temperatures and oxidative stress. Finally, we summarize the signal transduction pathways and regulatory networks of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in their responses to abiotic stress. CCCH zinc-finger proteins regulate the adaptation of plants to abiotic stress in various ways, but the specific molecular mechanisms need to be further explored, along with other mechanisms such as cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling and post-transcriptional regulation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms by which CCCH zinc-finger proteins improve stress tolerance will facilitate the breeding and genetic engineering of crops with improved traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-8618-0197 (B.W.)
| | | | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-8618-0197 (B.W.)
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28
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Chourasia KN, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Dev D, Kardile HB, Patil VU, Kumar A, Vanishree G, Kumar D, Bhardwaj V, Meena JK, Mangal V, Shelake RM, Kim JY, Pramanik D. Salinity Stress in Potato: Understanding Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060545. [PMID: 34200706 PMCID: PMC8228783 DOI: 10.3390/life11060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among abiotic stresses, salinity is a major global threat to agriculture, causing severe damage to crop production and productivity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is regarded as a future food crop by FAO to ensure food security, which is severely affected by salinity. The growth of the potato plant is inhibited under salt stress due to osmotic stress-induced ion toxicity. Salinity-mediated osmotic stress leads to physiological changes in the plant, including nutrient imbalance, impairment in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage, and reduced photosynthetic activities. Several physiological and biochemical phenomena, such as the maintenance of plant water status, transpiration, respiration, water use efficiency, hormonal balance, leaf area, germination, and antioxidants production are adversely affected. The ROS under salinity stress leads to the increased plasma membrane permeability and extravasations of substances, which causes water imbalance and plasmolysis. However, potato plants cope with salinity mediated oxidative stress conditions by enhancing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. The osmoprotectants, such as proline, polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, and maltitol), and quaternary ammonium compound (glycine betaine) are synthesized to overcome the adverse effect of salinity. The salinity response and tolerance include complex and multifaceted mechanisms that are controlled by multiple proteins and their interactions. This review aims to redraw the attention of researchers to explore the current physiological, biochemical and molecular responses and subsequently develop potential mitigation strategies against salt stress in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nishant Chourasia
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Devanshu Dev
- School of Agricultural Sciences, G D Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India;
| | - Hemant Balasaheb Kardile
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Virupaksh U. Patil
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Amarjeet Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, MTTC&VTC, Central Agriculture University, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India;
| | - Girimalla Vanishree
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jitendra Kumar Meena
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vikas Mangal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); (H.B.K.); (V.U.P.); (G.V.); (D.K.); (V.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea; (R.M.S.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea; (R.M.S.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Dibyajyoti Pramanik
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea; (R.M.S.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.C.); (D.P.)
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29
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Zhang S, Quartararo A, Betz OK, Madahhosseini S, Heringer AS, Le T, Shao Y, Caruso T, Ferguson L, Jernstedt J, Wilkop T, Drakakaki G. Root vacuolar sequestration and suberization are prominent responses of Pistacia spp. rootstocks during salinity stress. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00315. [PMID: 34027297 PMCID: PMC8133763 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of stress tolerance in diverse species is needed to enhance crop performance under conditions such as high salinity. Plant roots, in particular in grafted agricultural crops, can function as a boundary against external stresses in order to maintain plant fitness. However, limited information exists for salinity stress responses of woody species and their rootstocks. Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) is a tree nut crop with relatively high salinity tolerance as well as high genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we used a microscopy-based approach to investigate the cellular and structural responses to salinity stress in the roots of two pistachio rootstocks, Pistacia integerrima (PGI) and a hybrid, P. atlantica x P. integerrima (UCB1). We analyzed root sections via fluorescence microscopy across a developmental gradient, defined by xylem development, for sodium localization and for cellular barrier differentiation via suberin deposition. Our cumulative data suggest that the salinity response in pistachio rootstock species is associated with both vacuolar sodium ion (Na+) sequestration in the root cortex and increased suberin deposition at apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, both vacuolar sequestration and suberin deposition correlate with the root developmental gradient. We observed a higher rate of Na+ vacuolar sequestration and reduced salt-induced leaf damage in UCB1 when compared to P. integerrima. In addition, UCB1 displayed higher basal levels of suberization, in both the exodermis and endodermis, compared to P. integerrima. This difference was enhanced after salinity stress. These cellular characteristics are phenotypes that can be taken into account during screening for sodium-mediated salinity tolerance in woody plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Zhang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Alessandra Quartararo
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Department of Agricultural & Forest ScienceUniversity of PalermoViale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
| | - Oliver Karl Betz
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Shahab Madahhosseini
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Genetic and Plant Production DepartmentVali‐e‐Asr University of RafsanjanRafsanjanIran
| | - Angelo Schuabb Heringer
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Unidade de Biologia IntegrativaSetor de Genômica e ProteômicaUENFRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Thu Le
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Yuhang Shao
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Tiziano Caruso
- Department of Agricultural & Forest ScienceUniversity of PalermoViale delle ScienzePalermoItaly
| | - Louise Ferguson
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Judy Jernstedt
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Thomas Wilkop
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
- Light Microscopy CoreDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
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30
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Parvin K, Hasanuzzaman M, Mohsin SM, Nahar K, Fujita M. Coumarin improves tomato plant tolerance to salinity by enhancing antioxidant defence, glyoxalase system and ion homeostasis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:181-192. [PMID: 33135242 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a severe threat to crop growth, development and even to world food sustainability. Plant possess natural antioxidant defense tactics to mitigate salinity-induced oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds are non-enzymatic antioxidants with specific roles in protecting plant cells against stress-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Coumarin (COU) is one of these compounds, however, to date, little is known about antioxidative roles of exogenous COU in enhancing plant tolerance mechanisms under salt stress. The involvement of COU in increasing tomato salt tolerance was examined in the present study using COU as a pre-treatment at 20 or 30 µM for 2 days against salt stress (100 or 160 NaCl; 5 days). The COU-mediated stimulation of plant antioxidant defence and glyoxalase systems to suppress salt-induced ROS and methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity, respectively, were the main hypotheses examined in the present study. Addition of COU suppressed salt-induced excess accumulation of ROS and MG, and significantly reduced membrane damage, lipid peroxidation and Na+ toxicity. These results demonstrate COU-improved plant growth, biomass content, photosynthetic pigment content, water retention and mineral homeostasis upon imposition of salinity. Finally, this present study suggests that COU has potential roles as a phytoprotectant in stimulating plant antioxidative mechanisms and improving glyoxalase enzyme activity under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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Protection of Halophytes and Their Uses for Cultivation of Saline-Alkali Soil in China. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050353. [PMID: 33922035 PMCID: PMC8143469 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over 800 million hectares of arable lands are affected by salinity in the world. In China, saline-alkali soils account for 25% of farmland and are underutilized. One sustainable strategy to make better use of saline land is to plant halophytes, salt-tolerant plants that can survive and complete their life cycle in media containing more than 200 mM NaCl. Halophytes have potential economic value as grain, vegetable, fruit, medicine, animal feed, and biofuel feedstocks, and in greening and coastal protection. Therefore, the cultivation and protection of halophytes is very important. In the past few decades, a lot of work has been done on the protection and utilization of halophytes in saline soil improvement and development worldwide. This article focuses on the distribution of saline-alkali conditions and current measures to protect halophytes, as well as the application of halophytes in the sustainable development of saline-alkali land. This information is helpful for protection and utilization of halophytes in the sustainable development of saline land worldwide.
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Park HS, Kazerooni EA, Kang SM, Al-Sadi AM, Lee IJ. Melatonin Enhances the Tolerance and Recovery Mechanisms in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Under Saline Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:593717. [PMID: 33868325 PMCID: PMC8048884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.593717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been recently known to stimulate plant growth and induce protective responses against different abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms behind exogenous melatonin pretreatment and restoration of plant vigor from salinity stress remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to understand the effects of exogenous melatonin pretreatment on salinity-damaged green mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seedlings in terms of oxidative stress regulation and endogenous phytohormone production. Screening of several melatonin concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 μM) on mustard growth showed that the 1 μM concentration revealed an ameliorative increase of plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. The second study aimed at determining how melatonin application can recover salinity-damaged plants and studying its effects on physiological and biochemical parameters. Under controlled environmental conditions, mustard seedlings were irrigated with distilled water or 150 mM of NaCl for 7 days. This was followed by 1 μM of melatonin application to determine its recovery impact on the damaged plants. Furthermore, several physiological and biochemical parameters were examined in stressed and unstressed seedlings with or without melatonin application. Our results showed that plant height, leaf length/width, and stem diameter were enhanced in 38-day-old salinity-stressed plants under melatonin treatment. Melatonin application obviously attenuated salinity-induced reduction in gas exchange parameters, relative water content, and amino acid and protein levels, as well as antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. H2O2 accumulation in salinity-damaged plants was reduced by melatonin treatment. A decline in abscisic acid content and an increase in salicylic acid content were observed in salinity-damaged seedlings supplemented with melatonin. Additionally, chlorophyll content decreased during the recovery period in salinity-damaged plants by melatonin treatment. This study highlighted, for the first time, the recovery impact of melatonin on salinity-damaged green mustard seedlings. It demonstrated that exogenous melatonin supplementation significantly improved the physiologic and biochemical parameters in salinity-damaged green mustard seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soon Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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33
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Pagano L, Rossi R, Paesano L, Marmiroli N, Marmiroli M. miRNA regulation and stress adaptation in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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34
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Lu C, Yuan F, Guo J, Han G, Wang C, Chen M, Wang B. Current Understanding of Role of Vesicular Transport in Salt Secretion by Salt Glands in Recretohalophytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2203. [PMID: 33672188 PMCID: PMC7926375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a serious and growing problem around the world. Some plants, recognized as the recretohalophytes, can normally grow on saline-alkali soil without adverse effects by secreting excessive salt out of the body. The elucidation of the salt secretion process is of great significance for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism adopted by the recretohalophytes. Between the 1950s and the 1970s, three hypotheses, including the osmotic potential hypothesis, the transfer system similar to liquid flow in animals, and vesicle-mediated exocytosis, were proposed to explain the salt secretion process of plant salt glands. More recently, increasing evidence has indicated that vesicular transport plays vital roles in salt secretion of recretohalophytes. Here, we summarize recent findings, especially regarding the molecular evidence on the functional roles of vesicular trafficking in the salt secretion process of plant salt glands. A model of salt secretion in salt gland is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (C.L.); (F.Y.); (J.G.); (G.H.); (C.W.); (M.C.)
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35
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González-Moro MB, González-Moro I, de la Peña M, Estavillo JM, Aparicio-Tejo PM, Marino D, González-Murua C, Vega-Mas I. A Multi-Species Analysis Defines Anaplerotic Enzymes and Amides as Metabolic Markers for Ammonium Nutrition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:632285. [PMID: 33584765 PMCID: PMC7873483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.632285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and ammonium are the main nitrogen sources in agricultural soils. In the last decade, ammonium (NH4 +), a double-sided metabolite, has attracted considerable attention by researchers. Its ubiquitous presence in plant metabolism and its metabolic energy economy for being assimilated contrast with its toxicity when present in high amounts in the external medium. Plant species can adopt different strategies to maintain NH4 + homeostasis, as the maximization of its compartmentalization and assimilation in organic compounds, primarily as amino acids and proteins. In the present study, we report an integrative metabolic response to ammonium nutrition of seven plant species, belonging to four different families: Gramineae (ryegrass, wheat, Brachypodium distachyon), Leguminosae (clover), Solanaceae (tomato), and Brassicaceae (oilseed rape, Arabidopsis thaliana). We use principal component analysis (PCA) and correlations among metabolic and biochemical data from 40 experimental conditions to understand the whole-plant response. The nature of main amino acids is analyzed among species, under the hypothesis that those Asn-accumulating species will show a better response to ammonium nutrition. Given the provision of carbon (C) skeletons is crucial for promotion of the nitrogen assimilation, the role of different anaplerotic enzymes is discussed in relation to ammonium nutrition at a whole-plant level. Among these enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) shows to be a good candidate to increase nitrogen assimilation in plants. Overall, metabolic adaptation of different carbon anaplerotic activities is linked with the preference to synthesize Asn or Gln in their organs. Lastly, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) reveals as an important enzyme to surpass C limitation during ammonium assimilation in roots, with a disparate collaboration of glutamine synthetase (GS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itziar González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marlon de la Peña
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - José María Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Biología Aplicada (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Izargi Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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36
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Molecular Manipulation of the miR399/ PHO2 Expression Module Alters the Salt Stress Response of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010073. [PMID: 33396498 PMCID: PMC7824465 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the microRNA399 (miR399)/PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) expression module is central to the response of Arabidopsis to phosphate (PO4) stress. In addition, miR399 has been demonstrated to also alter in abundance in response to salt stress. We therefore used a molecular modification approach to alter miR399 abundance to investigate the requirement of altered miR399 abundance in Arabidopsis in response to salt stress. The generated transformant lines, MIM399 and MIR399 plants, with reduced and elevated miR399 abundance respectively, displayed differences in their phenotypic and physiological response to those of wild-type Arabidopsis (Col-0) plants following exposure to a 7-day period of salt stress. However, at the molecular level, elevated miR399 abundance, and therefore, altered PHO2 target gene expression in salt-stressed Col-0, MIM399 and MIR399 plants, resulted in significant changes to the expression level of the two PO4 transporter genes, PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;4 (PHT1;4) and PHT1;9. Elevated PHT1;4 and PHT1;9 PO4 transporter levels in salt stressed Arabidopsis would enhance PO4 translocation from the root to the shoot tissue which would supply additional levels of this precious cellular resource that could be utilized by the aerial tissues of salt stressed Arabidopsis to either maintain essential biological processes or to mount an adaptive response to salt stress.
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37
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Cekstere G, Osvalde A, Elferts D, Rose C, Lucas F, Vollenweider P. Salt accumulation and effects within foliage of Tilia × vulgaris trees from the street greenery of Riga, Latvia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:140921. [PMID: 32777490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructures within sprawling cities provide essential ecosystem services, increasingly undermined by environmental stress. The main objective in this study was to relate the allocation patterns of NaCl contaminants to injury within foliage of lime trees mechanistically and distinguish between the effects of salt and other environmental stressors. Using field material representative of salt contamination levels in the street greenery of Riga, Latvia, the contribution of salt contaminants to structural and ultrastructural injury was analyzed, combining different microscopy techniques. On severely salt-polluted and dystrophic soils, the foliage of street lime trees showed foliar concentrations of Na/Cl up to 13,600/16,750 mg kg-1 but a still balanced nutrient content. The salt contaminants were allocated to all leaf blade tissues and accumulated in priority within mesophyll vacuoles, changing the vacuolar ionic composition at the expense of especially K and Ca. The size of mesophyll cells and vacuoles was increased as a function of NaCl concentration, suggesting impeded transpiration stream. In parallel, the cytoplasm showed degenerative changes, suggesting indirect stress effects. Hence, the lime trees in Riga showed tolerance to the dystrophic environmental conditions enhanced by salt pollution but their leaf physiology appeared directly impacted by the accumulation of contaminants within foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunta Cekstere
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera street 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia; Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Anita Osvalde
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera street 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia.
| | - Didzis Elferts
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
| | - Christophe Rose
- Centre INRA, Grand Est Nancy, UMR Silva-Silvatech Microscopy, 54280 Champenoux, France.
| | - Falk Lucas
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM) of the ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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38
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Saline and Arid Soils: Impact on Bacteria, Plants, and their Interaction. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060116. [PMID: 32498442 PMCID: PMC7344409 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses hampering crop growth and yield. It has been estimated that arid areas cover between 41% and 45% of the total Earth area worldwide. At the same time, the world’s population is going to soon reach 9 billion and the survival of this huge amount of people is dependent on agricultural products. Plants growing in saline/arid soil shows low germination rate, short roots, reduced shoot biomass, and serious impairment of photosynthetic efficiency, thus leading to a substantial loss of crop productivity, resulting in significant economic damage. However, plants should not be considered as single entities, but as a superorganism, or a holobiont, resulting from the intimate interactions occurring between the plant and the associated microbiota. Consequently, it is very complex to define how the plant responds to stress on the basis of the interaction with its associated plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). This review provides an overview of the physiological mechanisms involved in plant survival in arid and saline soils and aims at describing the interactions occurring between plants and its bacteriome in such perturbed environments. The potential of PGPB in supporting plant survival and fitness in these environmental conditions has been discussed.
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39
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Revalorization of Tunisian wild Amaranthaceae halophytes: Nutritional composition variation at two different phenotypes stages. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Mohsin SM, Hasanuzzaman M, Parvin K, Fujita M. Pretreatment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings with 2,4-D improves tolerance to salinity-induced oxidative stress and methylglyoxal toxicity by modulating ion homeostasis, antioxidant defenses, and glyoxalase systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:221-231. [PMID: 32438299 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The commonly used herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has an as yet undetermined protective role in mitigating salinity-induced damage in crop plants. The aim of this study was to explore the possible roles of antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems in enhancing salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) seedlings following pretreatment with 2,4-D. Wheat seedlings were grown hydroponically, pretreated with 10 μM 2,4-D for 48 h, and then exposed to salt stress (150 and 250 mM NaCl) for the next five days. The protective effect of 2,4-D was associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activity and ascorbate and glutathione content, and with decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content and reduced electrolytic leakage. Application of 2,4-D increased glyoxalase enzyme activity, resulting in greater MG detoxification. Seedlings pretreated with 2,4-D showed improved growth, biomass, and leaf water content due to reductions in Na+ accumulation and increases in K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ uptake. Overall, these results highlight the potential use of this common herbicide as a phytoprotectant against salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Yan K, He W, Bian L, Zhang Z, Tang X, An M, Li L, Han G. Salt adaptability in a halophytic soybean (Glycine soja) involves photosystems coordination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:155. [PMID: 32276592 PMCID: PMC7149873 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine soja is a halophytic soybean native to saline soil in Yellow River Delta, China. Photosystem I (PSI) performance and the interaction between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI remain unclear in Glycine soja under salt stress. This study aimed to explore salt adaptability in Glycine soja in terms of photosystems coordination. RESULTS Potted Glycine soja was exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 9 days with a cultivated soybean, Glycine max, as control. Under salt stress, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (△MR/MR0) were significantly decreased with the loss of PSI and PSII reaction center proteins in Glycine max, and greater PSI vulnerability was suggested by earlier decrease in △MR/MR0 than Fv/Fm and depressed PSI oxidation in modulated 820 nm reflection transients. Inversely, PSI stability was defined in Glycine soja, as △MR/MR0 and PSI reaction center protein abundance were not affected by salt stress. Consistently, chloroplast ultrastructure and leaf lipid peroxidation were not affected in Glycine soja under salt stress. Inhibition on electron flow at PSII acceptor side helped protect PSI by restricting electron flow to PSI and seemed as a positive response in Glycine soja due to its rapid recovery after salt stress. Reciprocally, PSI stability aided in preventing PSII photoinhibition, as the simulated feedback inhibition by PSI inactivation induced great decrease in Fv/Fm under salt stress. In contrast, PSI inactivation elevated PSII excitation pressure through inhibition on PSII acceptor side and accelerated PSII photoinhibition in Glycine max, according to the positive and negative correlation of △MR/MR0 with efficiency that an electron moves beyond primary quinone and PSII excitation pressure respectively. CONCLUSION Therefore, photosystems coordination depending on PSI stability and rapid response of PSII acceptor side contributed to defending salt-induced oxidative stress on photosynthetic apparatus in Glycine soja. Photosystems interaction should be considered as one of the salt adaptable mechanisms in this halophytic soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Lanxing Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Zishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin An
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.
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Han G, Lu C, Guo J, Qiao Z, Sui N, Qiu N, Wang B. C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins: Master Regulators of Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:115. [PMID: 32153617 PMCID: PMC7044346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity are major environmental factors that limit crop yields. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress resistance is crucial for improving crop performance and increasing productivity under adverse environmental conditions. Zinc finger proteins, comprising one of the largest transcription factor families, are known for their finger-like structure and their ability to bind Zn2+. Zinc finger proteins are categorized into nine subfamilies based on their conserved Cys and His motifs, including the Cys2/His2-type (C2H2), C3H, C3HC4, C2HC5, C4HC3, C2HC, C4, C6, and C8 subfamilies. Over the past two decades, much progress has been made in understanding the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in plant growth, development, and stress signal transduction. In this review, we focus on recent progress in elucidating the structures, functions, and classifications of plant C2H2 zinc finger proteins and their roles in abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqi Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Nianwei Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Yang Z, Li JL, Liu LN, Xie Q, Sui N. Photosynthetic Regulation Under Salt Stress and Salt-Tolerance Mechanism of Sweet Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1722. [PMID: 32010174 PMCID: PMC6974683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is a C4 crop with the characteristic of fast-growth and high-yields. It is a good source for food, feed, fiber, and fuel. On saline land, sweet sorghum can not only survive, but increase its sugar content. Therefore, it is regarded as a potential source for identifying salt-related genes. Here, we review the physiological and biochemical responses of sweet sorghum to salt stress, such as photosynthesis, sucrose synthesis, hormonal regulation, and ion homeostasis, as well as their potential salt-resistance mechanisms. The major advantages of salt-tolerant sweet sorghum include: 1) improving the Na+ exclusion ability to maintain ion homeostasis in roots under salt-stress conditions, which ensures a relatively low Na+ concentration in shoots; 2) maintaining a high sugar content in shoots under salt-stress conditions, by protecting the structures of photosystems, enhancing photosynthetic performance and sucrose synthetase activity, as well as inhibiting sucrose degradation. To study the regulatory mechanism of such genes will provide opportunities for increasing the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum by breeding and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Lu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Shao Y, Cheng Y, Pang H, Chang M, He F, Wang M, Davis DJ, Zhang S, Betz O, Fleck C, Dai T, Madahhosseini S, Wilkop T, Jernstedt J, Drakakaki G. Investigation of Salt Tolerance Mechanisms Across a Root Developmental Gradient in Almond Rootstocks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:595055. [PMID: 33469461 PMCID: PMC7813803 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of groundwater in agriculture under the current climate conditions leads to acceleration of soil salinization. Given that almond is a salt-sensitive crop, selection of salt-tolerant rootstocks can help maintain productivity under salinity stress. Selection for tolerant rootstocks at an early growth stage can reduce the investment of time and resources. However, salinity-sensitive markers and salinity tolerance mechanisms of almond species to assist this selection process are largely unknown. We established a microscopy-based approach to investigate mechanisms of stress tolerance in and identified cellular, root anatomical, and molecular traits associated with rootstocks exhibiting salt tolerance. We characterized three almond rootstocks: Empyrean-1 (E1), Controller-5 (C5), and Krymsk-86 (K86). Based on cellular and molecular evidence, our results show that E1 has a higher capacity for salt exclusion by a combination of upregulating ion transporter expression and enhanced deposition of suberin and lignin in the root apoplastic barriers, exodermis, and endodermis, in response to salt stress. Expression analyses revealed differential regulation of cation transporters, stress signaling, and biopolymer synthesis genes in the different rootstocks. This foundational study reveals the mechanisms of salinity tolerance in almond rootstocks from cellular and structural perspectives across a root developmental gradient and provides insights for future screens targeting stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Shao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yukun Cheng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongguang Pang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mingqin Chang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Fang He
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Destiny J. Davis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shuxiao Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Betz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chuck Fleck
- Sierra Gold Nurseries, Yuba City, CA, United States
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shahab Madahhosseini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genetic and Plant Production Department, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Thomas Wilkop
- Light Microscopy Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Judy Jernstedt
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Georgia Drakakaki,
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AL-Shoaibi AA. Combined effects of salinity and temperature on germination, growth and gas exchange in two cultivars of Sorghum bicolor. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1777800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkhaliq A. AL-Shoaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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46
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Guo J, Dong X, Li Y, Wang B. NaCl treatment markedly enhanced pollen viability and pollen preservation time of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa via up regulation of pollen development-related genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:57-71. [PMID: 31654246 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable growth of halophytes has significantly increased through moderate salinity. However, little is known about the reproductive traits of euhalophytes. Male reproduction is pivotal for fertilization and seed production and sensitive to abiotic stressors. The pollen viability and pollen longevity of Suaeda salsa treated with 0 and 200 mM of NaCl were evaluated. It was revealed that the pollen size of S. salsa treated with NaCl was significantly bigger than that in controls. Furthermore, the pollen viability of S. salsa plants treated with NaCl was also significantly higher than that of control after 8 h of the pollens were collected (from 10 to 27 h). The pollen viability of NaCl-treated plants in the field could be maintained for 8 h (from 07:00 to 15:00) in sunny days, which was 1 h longer than that of control plants (from 07:00 to 14:00). Meanwhile, the pollen preservation time of NaCl-treated plants was 16 h at room temperature, which was 8 h longer than that of control plants. Genes related to pollen development, such as SsPRK3, SsPRK4, and SsLRX, exhibited high expression in the flowers of NaCl-treated plants. This indicated that NaCl markedly improved the pollen viability and preservation time via the increased expression of pollen development-related genes, and this benefits the population establishment of halophytes such as S. salsa in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiu Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Han G, Yuan F, Guo J, Zhang Y, Sui N, Wang B. AtSIZ1 improves salt tolerance by maintaining ionic homeostasis and osmotic balance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:55-67. [PMID: 31203894 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
C2H2-type zinc finger proteins play important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we explored the role of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein SALT INDUCED ZINC FINGER PROTEIN1 (AtSIZ1; At3G25910) in Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress. AtSIZ1 expression was induced by salt treatment. During the germination stage, the germination rate, germination energy, germination index, cotyledon growth rate, and root length were significantly higher in AtSIZ1 overexpression lines than in the wild type under various stress treatments, whereas these indices were significantly reduced in AtSIZ1 loss-of-function mutants. At the mature seedling stage, the overexpression lines maintained higher levels of K+, proline, and soluble sugar, lower levels of Na+ and MDA, and lower Na+/K+ ratios than the wild type. Stress-related marker genes such as SOS1, AtP5CS1, AtGSTU5, COR15A, RD29A, and RD29B were expressed at higher levels in the overexpression lines than the wild type and loss-of-function mutants under salt treatment. These results indicate that AtSIZ1 improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by helping plants maintain ionic homeostasis and osmotic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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48
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Li J, Liu J, Zhu T, Zhao C, Li L, Chen M. The Role of Melatonin in Salt Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1735. [PMID: 30965607 PMCID: PMC6479358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine widely found in animals and plants, is considered as a candidate phytohormone that affects responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. In plants, melatonin has a similar action to that of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA and melatonin have the same biosynthetic precursor, tryptophan. Salt stress results in the rapid accumulation of melatonin in plants. Melatonin enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: one is via direct pathways, such as the direct clearance of reactive oxygen species; the other is via an indirect pathway by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. In addition, melatonin can affect the performance of plants by affecting the expression of genes. Interestingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules associated with melatonin can also increase the tolerance of plants to salt stress. This paper explores the mechanisms by which melatonin alleviates salt stress by its actions on antioxidants, photosynthesis, ion regulation, and stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Lingyu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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49
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Guo J, Dong X, Han G, Wang B. Salt-Enhanced Reproductive Development of Suaeda salsa L. Coincided With Ion Transporter Gene Upregulation in Flowers and Increased Pollen K + Content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:333. [PMID: 30984214 PMCID: PMC6449877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are adapted to saline environments and demonstrate optimal reproductive growth under high salinity. To gain insight into the salt tolerance mechanism and effects of salinity in the halophyte Suaeda salsa, the number of flowers and seeds, seed size, anther development, ion content, and flower transcript profiles, as well as the relative expression levels of genes involved in ion transport, were analyzed in S. salsa plants treated with 0 or 200 mM NaCl. The seed size, flower number, seed number per leaf axil, and anther fertility were all significantly increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The Na+ and Cl- contents in the leaves, stems, and pollen of NaCl-treated plants were all markedly higher, and the K+ content in the leaves and stems was significantly lower, than those in untreated control plants. By contrast, the K+ content in pollen grains did not decrease, but rather increased, upon NaCl treatment. Genes related to Na+, K+ and, Cl- transport, such as SOS1, KEA, AKT1, NHX1, and CHX, showed increased expression in the flowers of NaCl-treated plants. These results suggest that ionic homeostasis in reproductive organs, especially in pollen grains under salt-treated conditions, involves increased expression of ion transport-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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50
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Vangelisti A, Zambrano LS, Caruso G, Macheda D, Bernardi R, Usai G, Mascagni F, Giordani T, Gucci R, Cavallini A, Natali L. How an ancient, salt-tolerant fruit crop, Ficus carica L., copes with salinity: a transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2561. [PMID: 30796285 PMCID: PMC6385202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ficus carica L. (fig) is one of the most resistant fruit tree species to salinity, no comprehensive studies are currently available on its molecular responses to salinity. Here we report a transcriptome analysis of F. carica cv. Dottato exposed to 100 mM sodium chloride for 7 weeks, where RNA-seq analysis was performed on leaf samples at 24 and 48 days after the beginning of salinization; a genome-derived fig transcriptome was used as a reference. At day 24, 224 transcripts were significantly up-regulated and 585 were down-regulated, while at day 48, 409 genes were activated and 285 genes were repressed. Relatively small transcriptome changes were observed after 24 days of salt treatment, showing that fig plants initially tolerate salt stress. However, after an early down-regulation of some cell functions, major transcriptome changes were observed after 48 days of salinity. Seven weeks of 100 mM NaCl dramatically changed the repertoire of expressed genes, leading to activation or reactivation of many cell functions. We also identified salt-regulated genes, some of which had not been previously reported to be involved in plant salinity responses. These genes could be potential targets for the selection of favourable genotypes, through breeding or biotechnology, to improve salt tolerance in fig or other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liceth Solorzano Zambrano
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caruso
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Desiré Macheda
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Bernardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Usai
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Mascagni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Natali
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
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