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Al Maqbali M, Alsayed A, Hughes C, Hacker E, Dickens GL. Stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance among healthcare professional during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of 72 meta-analyses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302597. [PMID: 38722888 PMCID: PMC11081353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has significantly impacted the psychological and physical health of a wide range of individuals, including healthcare professionals (HCPs). This umbrella review aims provide a quantitative summary of meta-analyses that have investigated the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses reviews was conducted. The search was performed using the EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases from 01st January 2020 to 15th January 2024. A random-effects model was then used to estimate prevalence with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analyses were then conducted to explore the heterogeneity of the sample. Seventy-two meta-analyses involved 2,308 primary studies were included after a full-text review. The umbrella review revealed that the pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic was 37% (95% CI 32.87-41.22), 31.8% (95% CI 29.2-34.61) 29.4% (95% CI 27.13-31.84) 36.9% (95% CI 33.78-40.05) respectively. In subgroup analyses the prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher among nurses than among physicians. Evidence from this umbrella review suggested that a significant proportion of HCPs experienced stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This information will support authorities when implementing specific interventions that address mental health problems among HCPs during future pandemics or any other health crises. Such interventions may include the provision of mental health support services, such as counseling and peer support programs, as well as the implementation of organizational strategies to reduce workplace stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Alsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jorden
| | - Ciara Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Hacker
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey L. Dickens
- Midwifery and Health Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Mental Health Nursing Department of Nursing, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Adjunct Professor Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Ciezar Andersen S, Campbell T, White D, King-Shier K. An Intervention to Improve Mental and Physical Health of Undergraduate Nursing Students. Can J Nurs Res 2024:8445621241248308. [PMID: 38706094 DOI: 10.1177/08445621241248308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students experience poorer mental and physical health relative to students in other health-related disciplines and young adults of similar age outside post-secondary school. Compromised mental and physical health has numerous negative impacts on nursing students and can result in burnout and development of chronic diseases. PURPOSE To determine whether an asynchronous online yoga intervention would improve mental and physical health of students. METHODS An asynchronous online 6-week yoga intervention was carried out between January and December 2021, using a pre/post design. Participants' symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and self-compassion were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and Self-Compassion Scale and core endurance was assessed using the Mackenzie Core Endurance Test prior to commencement and at the conclusion of the program. RESULTS Of 114 participants, 68 completed the online program and pre and post measures showed that the mean depression, anxiety, stress, self-compassion and core endurance scores improved significantly (p<0.001) between baseline and study completion. CONCLUSION A six-week virtual yoga program significantly improved mental and physical health of undergraduate nursing students. Targeted modifications to the yoga program might enhance participant retention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavis Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Ferrera D, Galán D, Peláez I, Carpio A, Martín-Buro MC, Mercado F. Long-term findings on working memory neural dynamics in healthcare workers after mild COVID-19. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 161:40-51. [PMID: 38447493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the long-term impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on cognitive function, even in mild cases, is critical to the well-being of individuals, especially for healthcare workers who are at increased risk of exposure to the virus. To the best of our knowledge, the electrophysiological activity underlying cognitive functioning has not yet been explored. METHODS Seventy-seven healthcare workers took part in the study (43 with mild infection about one year before the study and 34 uninfected). To assess cognitive status, event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural responses were recorded while participants performed a working memory task. RESULTS COVID-19 participants exhibited a distinct neural pattern with lower parieto-occipital N1 amplitudes and higher frontal P2 amplitudes as compared to non-infected healthcare workers. We found no behavioural differences (reaction times and error rates) in working memory functioning between groups. CONCLUSIONS This neural pattern suggests the presence of a decrement of processing resources linked to the encoding of sensory information (N1), followed by the enhanced of the P2 response which could be interpreted as the activation of compensation mechanism in COVID-19 participants. SIGNIFICANCE The current findings point out that ERPs could serve as valuable neural indices for detecting distinctive patterns in working memory functioning of COVID-19 participants, even in mild cases. However, further research is required to precisely ascertain the long-term cognitive effects of COVID-19 beyond one-year post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ferrera
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Galán
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peláez
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Carpio
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Martín-Buro
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Kong W, Ren M, Wang H, Sun X, Feng D. Development of a Health Problem Prevention and Control Strategies Scale for Medical Rescuers Fighting Epidemics. Eval Health Prof 2024:1632787241246130. [PMID: 38598289 DOI: 10.1177/01632787241246130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale to measure health problem prevention and control strategies employed by medical rescuers fighting epidemics. In Study I, a qualitative study, focus group discussion, and expert panel review were conducted to generate items that capture components of prevention and control strategies. In Study II, exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the scale's structure. In Study III, the scale's validity and reliability were assessed via confirmatory factor analysis, average variance extracted, composite reliability, and Cronbach's α. Data analysis was performed using Nvivo 12.0, SPSS 25.0, and Amos 23.0. The final scale was divided into three subscales (comprising 5 factors and 18 items on the Before Medical Rescue subscale, 6 factors and 28 items on the During Medical Rescue subscale, and 4 factors and 14 items on the After Medical Rescue subscale). The scale has excellent validity and reliability and can be used to measure the health problem prevention and control strategies of medical rescuers fighting epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minmin Ren
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Pool M, Sorsdahl K, Myers B, van der Westhuizen C. The prevalence of and factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in South Africa. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299584. [PMID: 38451982 PMCID: PMC10919616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare workers globally have experienced increased social and occupational stressors in their working environments and communities because of COVID-19 which has increased the risk of mental health concerns. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Western Cape, South Africa. In addition, role-related stressors and coping strategies were explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors and nurses working in public healthcare facilities across the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), the Professional Quality of Life (PROQL-R-IV), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE-R) scales. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The sample comprised 416 health workers (303 nurses, 113 doctors). Almost 40% of the sample (n = 161) had CES-D scores suggestive of probable depression, and 45.9% (n = 186) had GAD-7 scores suggestive of anxiety. In the logistic regression model, the odds of probable depression were higher for female participants compared to men (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.00-5.10) and for participants who used behavioural disengagement as a coping strategy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.14-1.97). More time spent working with COVID patients was associated with increased odds of having high levels of anxiety [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.02-1.25). Substance use (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.81), venting (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70), and self-blame (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87) were some of the coping strategies used by healthcare workers. High levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout were found to increase the odds of both depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that there is a high prevalence of mental health issues among healthcare workers, and a critical need to focus on workplace mental health interventions to support these frontline workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Pool
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bronwyn Myers
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire van der Westhuizen
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ripoll J, Chela-Alvarez X, Briones-Vozmediano E, Fiol de-Roque MA, Zamanillo-Campos R, Ricci-Cabello I, Llobera J, Calafat-Villalonga C, Serrano-Ripoll MJ. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of health care workers in Spain: a mix-methods study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:463. [PMID: 38355471 PMCID: PMC10865523 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spain's lockdown measures couldn't prevent the severe impact of the COVID-19 first wave, leading to high infections, deaths, and strain on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to explore the mental health impact on HCWs in the Balearic Islands during the initial months of the pandemic, the influencing factors, and the experiences of those in a COVID-19 environment. METHODS Using a mixed-methods approach, the study encompassed quantitative and qualitative elements. Cross-sectional survey data from April to June 2020 comprised HCWs who were emailed invitations. The survey covered demographics, work, clinical and COVID-19 variables, along with psychological distress and PTSD symptoms, using validated measures. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with HCWs offered qualitative insights. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-six HCWs averaging 46.8 years, mainly women (79.2%), primarily nurses in primary care with over 10 years of experience. Anxiety symptoms were reported by 28.8%, 65.1% noted worsened sleep quality, and 27.7% increased psychoactive drug usage. Psychological distress affected 55.2%, while 27.9% exhibited PTSD symptoms. Gender, age, experience, COVID-19 patient contact, and workload correlated with distress, PTSD symptoms, sleep quality, and psychoactive drug usage. Interviews uncovered discomfort sources, such as fear of infection and lack of control, leading to coping strategies like information avoidance and seeking support. LIMITATIONS Static cross-sectional design, non-probabilistic sample, and telephone interviews affecting non-verbal cues, with interviews conducted during early pandemic lockdown. CONCLUSIONS HCWs faced significant psychological distress during the pandemic's first wave, underscoring the necessity for robust support and resources to counteract its impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ripoll
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain
- Research Network On Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - X Chela-Alvarez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain.
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain.
- Research Network On Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, 07120, Spain.
| | - E Briones-Vozmediano
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Grupo de estudios en sociedad, salud, educación y cultura (GESEC), Universidad de Lleida.Grup de Recerca en Cures en Salut (GRECS), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) de Lleida, Lleida, 25001, Spain
| | - M A Fiol de-Roque
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain
- Research Network On Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - R Zamanillo-Campos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - I Ricci-Cabello
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain
- Research Network On Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - J Llobera
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain
- Research Network On Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, 07120, Spain
| | - C Calafat-Villalonga
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - M J Serrano-Ripoll
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Palma, 07002, Spain
- Grup de Recerca Atenció Primària i Promoció (GRAPP-caIB) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa, Hospital Universitari Son Espases 79, Palma, 07120, Spain
- Research Network On Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Palma, 07120, Spain
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Halfmann M, Castioni N, Wetzel L, Koopmann A, König S, Schmieder A. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical students and young physicians in Germany: Gender-specific results of an online survey. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23727. [PMID: 38226267 PMCID: PMC10788433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers and medical students faced new challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Processes within many hospitals were completely disrupted. In addition, the face to face teaching of medical students was drastically reduced. Those at risk of developing mental health problems appear to be younger health care workers and women. Objective To investigate potential COVID-19 pandemic-related gender differences in psychological distress among medical students and physicians in their first years of practice. Design and setting An anonymous survey was carried out online between December 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at the Mannheim Medical Faculty and the Würzburg Medical Faculty, Germany, after obtaining informed consent. Primary outcome measures were changes in anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and changes in participants' current quality of life using the WHO Quality of Life BREF. Results The results show wave-like courses for perceived anxiety and burden overlapping with the course of the COVID-19 incidence. In comparison to men, women showed a significant higher increase in HADS (p = 0.005) and a reduced life quality (p = 0.007) after COVID-19. Both sexes showed different frequencies of the factors influencing quality of life, with the presence of a previous mental illness and mean anxiety having a significant higher negative impact in women. Conclusion Future and young female physicians reported a disproportionate higher burden during COVID-19 compared to their male colleges. These observations suggest an increased need for support and prevention efforts especially in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Halfmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noah Castioni
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Wetzel
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah König
- Institute for Medical Teaching and Training Research, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Schmieder
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
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Ulupınar F, Erden Y. Intention to leave among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak: A rapid systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:393-403. [PMID: 36435976 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the workload of nurses and changes in working conditions. Stress and the increase in workload during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on nurses' intention to leave. This study aimed to determine the current rate of intention to leave the job among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak by conducting a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY/METHODS The review procedure was conducted by the PRISMA criteria. The researchers searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies providing the rate of nurses' intent to leave, published until 31 December 2021. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and publication bias was measured by Egger's test. RESULTS The estimated overall intent to leave the profession among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was 31.7% (95% CI: 25%-39%) with significant heterogeneity (Q test: 188.9; p = 0.0001; I2 : %95.2; Tau2 : 0.225). Additionally, Egger's regression test suggested no publication bias for estimating the pooled rate of nurses' intent to leave during the COVID-19 outbreak. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Since the research is a meta-analysis study, a literature review model was used. Ethics committee approval was not obtained because the literature review did not directly affect humans and animals. CONCLUSION This study showed that approximately one-third of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic had thoughts about intending to leave their job. The findings indicate the need for strategies involving precautions and solutions to minimise the psychological impacts of COVID-19 among nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In this period when the global nurse crisis exists, it is of great importance for institutions to retain their nurse workforce. There is an urgent need to prepare nurses to cope better with COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of risk factors for intention to leave could be a significant weapon giving nurses and healthcare systems the ability to response in a better way against the following COVID-19 waves in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Ulupınar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Erzurum Teknik University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Erzurum Teknik University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Jung E, Jung YE, Kim MD. Factors Affecting Fear of COVID-19 Infection in Healthcare Workers in COVID-19 Dedicated Teams: Focus on Professional Quality of Life. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e366. [PMID: 37935169 PMCID: PMC10627728 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined factors related to high fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) in COVID-19 dedicated teams. We assigned 371 HCWs to low, medium, and high COVID-19 infection fear groups, and investigated factors associated with COVID-19 infection fear. High COVID-19 infection fear was significantly associated with being a woman and poor professional quality of life. High COVID-19 infection fear group had higher burnout levels and secondary traumatic stress scores than the low and medium fear groups. These findings deepen our understanding of risk factors for and psychological outcomes of COVID-19 infection fear in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulji Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
| | - Moon-Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Fond G, Lucas G, Boyer L. Untreated major depression in healthcare workers: Results from the nationwide AMADEUS survey. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:7765-7772. [PMID: 36949278 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have suggested increased rates of depression in healthcare workers (HCWs), with direct impact on care quality and productivity. The objective was to determine the proportion of HCWs adequately treated for their major depression in a nationwide survey, the proportion of lifestyle risk factors for depression, and to determine if working in psychiatry department or professional status may modulate these outcomes. DESIGN The method followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement guidelines. A survey comprising the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale was sent to public and private national healthcare facilities. RESULTS Overall, 10,325 participants were recruited; 3438 (33.3%) [95% confidence interval 32.4-34.2] met likely diagnostic criteria for clinical depression. Almost 80% of them declared that they had a history of major depressive episode. However, only approximately 23% of them were treated with antidepressants and approximately 13% had a psychiatric follow-up. Depressed HCWs working in psychiatry departments received slightly better care for their depression, but they also consumed more anxiolytics and hypnotics and had more risk factors for depression (including smoking and hazardous drinking). We found specificities according to professions, physicians reported higher rates of hazardous drinking while nurses, nurse assistants, and health executives had higher rates of smoking and twice as much obesity as physicians. CONCLUSION Disseminating tools to detect major depression, programs destigmatizing depression and antidepressants, promoting physical activity, weight loss, tobacco cessation and reduced alcohol consumption are promising strategies to improve the care of major depression in HCWs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Reducing depression in healthcare workers is necessary to improve the quality of care, to limit burnout, medical errors, absenteeism and turn-over and globally to improve the wellbeing at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
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van der Velden PG, Contino C, de Vroege L, Das M, Bosmans M, Zijlmans J. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS), persistent and chronic ADS among the adult general population and specific subgroups before and during the COVID-19 pandemic until December 2021. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:393-401. [PMID: 37364654 PMCID: PMC10290740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear to what extent the prevalence of moderate and severe anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS) is higher during the first 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak than before the outbreak. The same holds for persistent and chronic ADS among the adult general population and subgroups (such as employed, minorities, young adults, work disabled). METHODS Data were extracted from six surveys conducted with the Dutch longitudinal LISS panel, based on a traditional probability sample (N = 3493). Biographic characteristics and ADS (MHI-5 scores) were assessed in March-April 2019, November-December 2019, March-April 2020, November-December 2020, March-April 2021, and November-December 2021. Generalized estimating equations were conducted to examine differences in the prevalence of post-outbreak ADS, persistent and chronic ADS compared to the pre-outbreak prevalence in similar periods. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing was applied. RESULTS Among the general population chronic moderate ADS increased significantly but slightly in the period March-April 2020 to March-April 2021 compared to a similar period before the pandemic (11.9 % versus 10.9 %, Odds Ratio = 1.11). In the same period a somewhat larger significant increase in chronic moderate ADS was observed among 19-24 years old respondents (21.4 % versus 16.7 %, Odds Ratio = 1.35). After the Benjamini-Hochberg correction several other differences were no longer significant. LIMITATIONS No other mental health problems were assessed. CONCLUSIONS The Dutch general population and most of the assessed subgroups were relatively resilient given the limited increase or absence of increases in (persistent and chronic) ADS. However, young adults suffered from an increase of chronic ADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G van der Velden
- Centerdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; TRANZO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Lars de Vroege
- TRANZO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; GGz Breburg, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Das
- Centerdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josjan Zijlmans
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Erden Y, Karakurt N, İpek Çoban G. Evaluation of the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Training on the Quality of Work-Life and Motivations of Nurses Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eurasian J Med 2023; 55:178-184. [PMID: 37909187 PMCID: PMC10724749 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2023.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the effect of mindfulness stress training given to nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic period on the quality of work-life and motivation of nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was carried out as a pre-test and post-test control group quasi-experimental model from nurses working in a university hospital in eastern Turkey between September 2021 and December 2021. The study population consisted of 850 nurses working in the hospital. The sample consisted of 42 nurses (21 experimental, 21 control group) who agreed to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. In the study, selection bias was controlled by randomized assignment and concealing randomization. The nurses' names were grouped alphabetically and randomized using the research randomizer program. Within the scope of the research, the mindfulness Stress Training Program was applied to the nurses in the experimental group. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Nurse WorkLife Quality Scale, and Nurse Work Motivation Scale. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon marking tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS It was determined that the total score of the work motivation scale of the nurses in the experimental group was 48.42 ± 5.39 before the training, 59.52 ± 6.52 after the training, and the total score of the nurse work-life quality scale was 81.00 ± 12.46 before the intervention and 91.08 ± 11.06 after the intervention. The post-test scores of the control and experimental groups were statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSION It was found that the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program was effective in nurses' work motivation and quality of work-life during the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Erden
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Health Science, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurgül Karakurt
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Health Science, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gülay İpek Çoban
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Atatürk University Faculty of Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
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13
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Phiri K, Songo J, Whitehead H, Chikuse E, Moucheraud C, Dovel K, Phiri S, Hoffman RM, van Oosterhout JJ. Burnout and depression: A cross sectional study among health care workers providing HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001887. [PMID: 37729127 PMCID: PMC10511108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) in eastern Africa experience high levels of burnout and depression, and this may be exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to anxiety and increased work pressure. We assessed the prevalence of burnout, depression and associated factors among Malawian HCWs who provided HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic. From April-May 2021, between the second and third COVID-19 waves in Malawi, we randomly selected HCWs from 32 purposively selected PEPFAR/USAID-supported health facilities for a cross-sectional survey. We screened for depression using the World Health Organization Self Report Questionnaire (positive screen: score≥8) and for burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory tool, (positive screen: moderate-high Emotional Exhaustion and/or moderate-high Depersonalization, and/or low-moderate Personal Accomplishment scores). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with depression and burnout. We enrolled 435 HCWs, median age 32 years (IQR 28-38), 54% male, 34% were clinical cadres and 66% lay cadres. Of those surveyed, 28% screened positive for depression, 29% for burnout and 13% for both. In analyses that controlled for age, district, and residence (rural/urban), we found that screening positive for depression was associated with expecting to be infected with COVID-19 in the next 12 months (aOR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3-5.5), and previously having a COVID-19 infection (aOR 2.58, 95CI 1.4-5.0). Screening positive for burnout was associated with being in the clinical cadre (aOR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.2-3.0) and having a positive depression screen (aOR 3.2; 95% CI: 1.9-5.4). Reports of symptoms consistent with burnout and depression were common among Malawian HCWs providing HIV care but prevalence was not higher than in surveys before the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular screening for burnout and depression should be encouraged, given the potential for adverse HCW health outcomes and reduced work performance. Feasible interventions for burnout and depression among HCWs in our setting need to be introduced urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Whitehead
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Corrina Moucheraud
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Dovel
- Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sam Phiri
- Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Risa M. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joep J. van Oosterhout
- Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Rodríguez Rodríguez AP, Acosta Romero ED, Jananía Gámez LS, Ortiz Mairena JF, Meraz Cardona CE, Hernández Granados CO, Pineda Villeda RH. Depression and Suicide Risk Among Nursing Staff at a Honduran National Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e45520. [PMID: 37868526 PMCID: PMC10585407 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and suicide risk among nursing staff have become increasingly concerning, especially given the demanding nature of their profession. The World Health Organization identifies depression as a primary factor contributing to global disability and suicide deaths. METHODS A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted, encompassing the eligible personnel (n=82) out of a total of 102 nurses at the Mario Catarino Rivas Hospital in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, from October to November 2022. The study utilized the Okasha assessment tool to gauge the prevalence of suicidal risk and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) instrument to analyze the extent and severity of depression. In addition, the participants completed a demographic survey. Results: The average age of participants was 34.91 years, with a majority (86.6%) being female. In terms of work assignments, 54.9% were employed in the inpatient area. Regarding the mental health of the nursing staff, 78% displayed no or minimal depression, 9.7% presented mild depression, 7.3% showed moderate depression, 4.8% displayed severe depression, and 14.6% exhibited a suicide risk. Young adults had the highest prevalence of all three levels of depression, and the emergency department and inpatient area had the most at-risk individuals for suicidal tendencies. CONCLUSION The study offers a comprehensive insight into the demographics, work environment, and mental health of the nursing staff at the Honduran National Hospital. The results highlight the importance of specialized measures and strong support systems to safeguard the mental health of nursing staff.
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15
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La Torre G, Shaholli D, Colaprico C, Manai MV, Ammirati S, Mantione G, Sernia S. Occupational Medicine and Prevention of Chronic and Infectious Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5298. [PMID: 37629340 PMCID: PMC10455630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational medicine is a clinical discipline that draws attention to the health of workers and their ability to work [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (C.C.); (M.V.M.); (S.A.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
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16
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Uenishi S, Buyo M, Sato S, Kojitani H, Odachi R, Matsuoka T, Okuda Y, Kimoto S, Hironishi M, Takahashi S. Impact of individual factors and personality trait on psychological problems of family members living with staff of a COVID-19 frontline hospital: A cross-sectional self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e110. [PMID: 38868148 PMCID: PMC11114314 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to evaluate the association between individual factors/personality traits and depression and anxiety in family members living with staff working on the frontline of COVID-19 care. Methods The subjects were family members over the age of 15 years living with staff members of a COVID-19 frontline hospital. Between March 27 and April 11, 2021, 204 self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed, and 149 responses were received. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Personality trait was assessed using the Big Five personality traits, and fear of COVID-19 was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. We examined associations between HADS depression or anxiety scores with individual background factors, scores of Big Five personality traits, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results The participants with anxiety had significantly higher scores for neuroticism and for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The participants with depression had significantly lower scores for extraversion and higher scores for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. No individual background factors were significantly associated with HADS depression or anxiety scores. Conclusion Among family members of staff of a COVID-19 frontline hospital, lower extraversion, higher neuroticism, and fear of COVID-19 were associated with anxiety and depression. This questionnaire survey was conducted before wide-spread rollout of COVID-19 vaccination, so the findings of this study are expected to be applicable to other future novel infectious outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Uenishi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryHidaka HospitalGoboJapan
| | - Momoko Buyo
- Division of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Hiroko Kojitani
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Ryo Odachi
- Division of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Toshiko Matsuoka
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Yuka Okuda
- Department of AnesthesiologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masaya Hironishi
- Department of Internal MedicineWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation ScienceOsaka Metropolitan UniversityHabikinoJapan
- Clinical Research and Education CenterAsakayama General HospitalSakaiJapan
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17
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Sever S, Harrison A, Doherty P. Factors associated with new-onset depressive symptoms in patients starting cardiac rehabilitation: Pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 period comparison. J Psychosom Res 2023; 170:111342. [PMID: 37178470 PMCID: PMC10154055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to: 1) investigate whether starting cardiac rehabilitation (CR) during the COVID-19 period was influential on new-onset depressive symptoms, 2) examine the relationship between sociodemographic and medical factors with the new-onset of depressive symptoms before and during the COVID-19 period in UK patients commencing CR. METHODS The national audit of cardiac rehabilitation (NACR) data were used and the two years of data before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 were analysed (Feb,2018 - Nov,2021). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measurement was used to assess depressive symptoms. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were conducted to examine the influence of the COVID-19 period on new-onset depressive symptoms and the patient characteristics associated with it. RESULTS 71055 patients screened for new-onset depressive symptoms were included in the analysis. Based on multivariate analysis, patients commencing CR during COVID-19 were 8% more likely to have new onset depressive symptoms compared to patients commencing before COVID-19. Smoking (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.43), physical inactivity (OR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.74, 1.98), high anxiety (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.44, 1.46), being male (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.30), single (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.35), having comorbidities of arthritis, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, claudication (OR range: 1.19 to 1.60), receiving CABG treatment (OR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.73), and having heart failure (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.48) were the factors associated with having new-onset depressive symptoms at the start of CR. CONCLUSION Our findings have shown that starting CR during the COVID-19 period was associated with increased odds of having new-onset depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Sever
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences, Usak University, Ankara Izmir Yolu 8. Km, 1 Eylul Kampusu, MA2 Blok Kat: 1, 64200 Usak, Türkiye.
| | - Alexander Harrison
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York, UK.
| | - Patrick Doherty
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York, UK.
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Caldichoury N, García-Roncallo P, Saldías C, Zurita B, Castellanos C, Herrera-Pino J, Soto-Añari M, Porto MF, Quispe-Rodríguez I, Florez Y, Castillo-Tamara E, Díaz MC, Coronado-López J, Gaitan-Quintero G, Pabón-Moreno A, Ocampo-Barba N, Martínez-Pérez J, Gargiulo PA, Quispe-Ayala C, Camposano-Córdova A, Escorcia-Villarreal J, Ripoll-Cordoba D, Camargo L, López N. [Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health Workers During the Second Year of the Pandemic in Latin America: Cross-Sectional Survey Study]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2023:S0034-7450(23)00035-5. [PMID: 37360790 PMCID: PMC10103623 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus pandemic continues to affect the mental health of healthcare personnel in Latin America (LA). Objective To estimate the prevalence of psychological disturbances and associated risk factors for mental health in healthcare personnel in LA during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This multicenter cross-sectional study included a total sample of 5437 healthcare professionals from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and a brief demographic questionnaire were used. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was estimated based on the cut-off points of the instruments. Two multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Results A population burden of anxiety (40.1%) and depression (62.2%) was found in healthcare personnel in LA. Among professionals in Argentina (OR = 1.374; P<.001), those working in state hospitals (OR = 1.536; P<.003), frontline healthcare workers for COVID patients (OR = 1.848; P<.001), general practitioners (OR = 1.335; P<.001), and specialists (OR = 1.298; P<.001), a higher risk of experiencing mental disorders was observed. Among women, younger personnel, and administrative staff, a higher probability of experiencing anxiety and depression was identified. Conclusions The burden of mental disorders on healthcare personnel in Latin America is alarming. Psychological support services are necessary, aimed at providing measures for professionals to develop healthy coping mechanisms that mitigate the impact of the pandemic on their well-being and facilitate post-crisis adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Boris Zurita
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital de Omni, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Cesar Castellanos
- Instituto Dominicano para el Estudio de la Salud Integral y la Psicología Aplicada (IDESIP), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
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Witteveen AB, Young SY, Cuijpers P, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Barbui C, Bertolini F, Cabello M, Cadorin C, Downes N, Franzoi D, Gasior M, Gray B, Melchior M, van Ommeren M, Palantza C, Purgato M, van der Waerden J, Wang S, Sijbrandij M. COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004206. [PMID: 37098048 PMCID: PMC10129001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains uncertainty about the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the association between the pandemic and common mental disorders. We qualitatively summarized evidence from reviews with meta-analyses of individual study-data in the general population, healthcare workers, and specific at-risk populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic search was carried out in 5 databases for peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the pandemic published between December 31, 2019 until August 12, 2022. We identified 123 reviews of which 7 provided standardized mean differences (SMDs) either from longitudinal pre- to during pandemic study-data or from cross-sectional study-data compared to matched pre-pandemic data. Methodological quality rated with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklist scores (AMSTAR 2) instrument was generally low to moderate. Small but significant increases of depression, anxiety, and/or general mental health symptoms were reported in the general population, in people with preexisting physical health conditions, and in children (3 reviews; SMDs ranged from 0.11 to 0.28). Mental health and depression symptoms significantly increased during periods of social restrictions (1 review; SMDs of 0.41 and 0.83, respectively) but anxiety symptoms did not (SMD: 0.26). Increases of depression symptoms were generally larger and longer-lasting during the pandemic (3 reviews; SMDs depression ranged from 0.16 to 0.23) than those of anxiety (2 reviews: SMDs 0.12 and 0.18). Females showed a significantly larger increase in anxiety symptoms than males (1 review: SMD 0.15). In healthcare workers, people with preexisting mental disorders, any patient group, children and adolescents, and in students, no significant differences from pre- to during pandemic were found (2 reviews; SMD's ranging from -0.16 to 0.48). In 116 reviews pooled cross-sectional prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms ranged from 9% to 48% across populations. Although heterogeneity between studies was high and largely unexplained, assessment tools and cut-offs used, age, sex or gender, and COVID-19 exposure factors were found to be moderators in some reviews. The major limitations are the inability to quantify and explain the high heterogeneity across reviews included and the shortage of within-person data from multiple longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS A small but consistent deterioration of mental health and particularly depression during early pandemic and during social restrictions has been found in the general population and in people with chronic somatic disorders. Also, associations between mental health and the pandemic were stronger in females and younger age groups than in others. Explanatory individual-level, COVID-19 exposure, and time-course factors were scarce and showed inconsistencies across reviews. For policy and research, repeated assessments of mental health in population panels including vulnerable individuals are recommended to respond to current and future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke B. Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Y. Young
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Bertolini
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camilla Cadorin
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Naomi Downes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Franzoi
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Gasior
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brandon Gray
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Mark van Ommeren
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Palantza
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Qin A, Hu F, Qin W, Dong Y, Li M, Xu L. Educational degree differences in the association between work stress and depression among Chinese healthcare workers: Job satisfaction and sleep quality as the mediators. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138380. [PMID: 37064682 PMCID: PMC10098190 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDepressive status of medical personnel worldwide and especially in China is an important public health and social problem. There is a strong relationship between education and depression, but no studies have studied grouping healthcare workers (HCWs) with different educational degree to discuss whether there are differences in the factors that affect depression. This study aims to examine the role of job satisfaction and sleep quality in the relationship between work stress and depression among Chinese HCWs, and teste whether the mediation models are differed by the differences of educational degree.MethodsPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale was used to test depression. Work stress was assessed using the Challenge-blocking stress scale (CBSS). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). HCWs’ satisfaction with their current work was assessed using the Job Satisfaction Index (JSI). The representative sample of HCWs was chosen using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling procedure and 844 HCWs were utilized to the statistical analysis of the study.ResultsIn the overall sample, sleep quality could mediate the relationship between work stress and depression in healthcare workers (p < 0.001, CMIN/DF = 3.816, GFI = 0.911, AGFI = 0.886, IFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.933, CFI = 0.942, RMSEA = 0.058, SRMR = 0.055, AIC = 1039.144), and the mediating effect accounted for 36.5%. After grouping educational qualifications, the model with sleep quality and job satisfaction as mediating variables reported a better fit in the group with low educational qualifications. The intermediary effect accounted for 50.6 and 4.43%, respectively. The highly educated group only has sleep quality as an intermediary variable in the structural model, and the mediating effect accounted for 75.4% (p < 0.001, CMIN/DF = 2.596, GFI = 0.887, AGFI = 0.857, IFI = 0.937, TLI = 0.926, CFI = 0.937, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.056, AIC = 1481.322).ConclusionIn the overall sample, sleep quality could mediate the relationship between work stress and depression in HCWs. Among HCWs with technical secondary school education and below, job satisfaction can mediate the positive relationship between work stress and depression, while this mediating effect is not significant among HCWs with college degree and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afei Qin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenzhe Qin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaru Dong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menghua Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Lingzhong Xu,
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Sato H, Maeda M, Takebayashi Y, Setou N, Shimada J, Kanari Y. Impact of Unexpected In-House Major COVID-19 Outbreaks on Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4718. [PMID: 36981623 PMCID: PMC10049033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). The authors have provided psychosocial support to HCWs working in typical hospitals and nursing homes in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, where major COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred since December 2020. This study retrospectively examines depressive symptoms before psychosocial interventions among HCWs working at typical hospitals and nursing homes experiencing in-house major COVID-19 outbreaks. We have offered psychosocial support in eight hospitals and nursing homes, obtaining data on the mental health status of 558 HCWs using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The study's results indicate that 29.4% of HCWs have exhibited moderate or higher depressive symptoms, and 10.2% had suicidal ideation. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being a nurse was associated with higher depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation compared to other HCWs. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction-positive HCWs showed that being a nurse and the number of COVID-19-related symptoms was associated with high depressive symptoms. These results suggest that HCWs in typical hospitals and nursing homes experiencing major COVID-19 outbreaks are more likely to exhibit severe depressive symptoms, which may worsen if infected with COVID-19. This study's findings expand the current understanding of HCWs' depressive symptoms and the importance of psychosocial support during unexpected major outbreaks in healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sato
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yui Takebayashi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noriko Setou
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jiro Shimada
- Hospital Futaba Emergency General Medical Support Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kanari
- Fukushima Prefectural Government, Department of Health and Welfare, Fukushima Prefectural Headquarters for Coronavirus Infection Control, Fukushima 960-8670, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Troisi A. Mental Health Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031213. [PMID: 36769860 PMCID: PMC9917975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has unveiled the complexity of the relationship between psychiatry and the rest of medicine, as clearly shown by the collection of studies published in this Special Issue entitled "Mental Health Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Troisi
- International Medical School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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23
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Karakurt N, Erden Y, Sis Çelik A. The relationship between nurses' work stress levels and work-family conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic and the affecting factors: A study from Turkey. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 42:61-67. [PMID: 36842830 PMCID: PMC9800012 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High work-family conflict affects nurses' physical, mental and psychological health and reduces their job satisfaction and performance. This study was conducted to determine the effect of work stress experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic on family life and the factors affecting work stress and work-family conflict. METHOD This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 820 nurses who agreed to participate in the research working in a hospital serving only patients with confirmed COVID-19 in a province in eastern Turkey. RESULTS It was found that the average PJSS score of the nurses included in the study was 3.26 ± 0.56; the average WAFCS score was 3.00 ± 0.81. It was found that there was a moderately positive, statistically significant relationship between the PJSS and WAFCS average scores for the nurses, and the impact of work stress on the levels of work-family conflict was 28 % (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION It was determined that the work stress levels of the nurses included in the study were at a level that could threaten their health, the conflict levels in work-family life were high, and the conflict levels in work and family life increased as the levels of work stress increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Karakurt
- Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erden
- Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sis Çelik
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Birth, Women Health and Gynecology Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
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24
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Izdebski Z, Kozakiewicz A, Białorudzki M, Dec-Pietrowska J, Mazur J. Occupational Burnout in Healthcare Workers, Stress and Other Symptoms of Work Overload during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2428. [PMID: 36767797 PMCID: PMC9916221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the level and selected determinants of burnout among five groups of healthcare workers (physicians, nurses, paramedics, other medical and nonmedical staff) working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022, with the use of a self-administered mostly online survey. The BAT-12 scale was used to measure burnout, and the PSS-4 scale was used to measure stress. The sample was limited to 2196 individuals who worked with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of multivariate logistic regression models with three to nine predictors was estimated. The prevalence of burnout ranged from 27.7% in other nonmedical staff to 36.5% in nurses. Adjusting for age and gender, both physicians (p = 0.011) and nurses (p < 0.001) were at higher risk of burnout. In the final model, elevated stress most likely increased the risk of burnout (OR = 3.88; 95%CI <3.13-3.81>; p < 0,001). Other significant predictors of burnout included traumatic work-related experience (OR =1.91, p < 0.001), mobbing (OR = 1.83, p < 0.001) and higher workload than before the pandemic (OR = 1.41, p = 0.002). Only 7% of the respondents decided to use various forms of psychological support during the pandemic. The presented research can contribute to the effective planning and implementation of measures in the face of crisis when the workload continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Izdebski
- Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Alicja Kozakiewicz
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maciej Białorudzki
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Dec-Pietrowska
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
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25
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Alenezi S, Abdulghani SH, Shaiba LA, Hadid A, Al Ohaly RY, Aldeghaither BS, Alessa RA, Alyahya AS. Maternal mental health during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: A cross-sectional comparative study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:994004. [PMID: 36726613 PMCID: PMC9885100 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As COVID-19 spread in several countries, social distancing measures was implemented around the world, affecting the quality of lives for millions of people. The impact was more pronounced on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, who are at even more risk due to their suppressed immune system. Moreover, mental health disorders are more common among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant. This study aims to assess the influence of social isolation measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of women in their third trimester and postpartum. Material and methods This is a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted in Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between the months of April to May 2021, to explore depression and anxiety levels in females who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to background demographic data, the survey included Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were utilized to detect symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Results A total of 283 women were included in this study, almost half of them were ante-natal (n-141) and the rest were post-natal (n = 124). 62.3% were in the age groups of 25-35 years. Based on the PHQ-9 scoring, 65% of the study sample had depression (ranging from mild to severe). Moreover, based on GAD-7 scoring, 49.1% had anxiety (ranging from mild to severe). No association was found between PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores and different sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Additionally, the mean scores of women infected with COVID-19 vs. women who has never been diagnosed with COVID-19 were closely comparable. Conclusions We reported a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and health care providers are advised to implement targeted preventive measures for pregnant women to improve mental health in times of epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar H. Abdulghani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lana A. Shaiba
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Neonatology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Hadid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Neonatology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Y. Al Ohaly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah S. Aldeghaither
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania A. Alessa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alyahya
- Department of Psychiatry, Eradah Complex for Mental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Ahmed S. Alyahya ✉
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26
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Wetzel L, Halfmann M, Castioni N, Kiefer F, König S, Schmieder A, Koopmann A. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental burden and quality of life in physicians: Results of an online survey. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1068715. [PMID: 37124259 PMCID: PMC10133485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1068715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In previous pan-/epidemics such as the SARS epidemic of 2002/2003, negative effects on the wellbeing and an increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety were observed in doctors due to social isolation and the threat they experienced. Therefore, it is feared that the COVID-19 pandemic will also have a negative impact on the mental health and quality of life of doctors. Objective The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of physicians. In particular, on the subjective anxiety and burden, depression and quality of life for the total sample and subsamples (work in COVID-19 units vs. no work in COVID-19 units). Materials and methods In an online survey, 107 physicians (23-42 years) were asked about their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to socio-demographic data, pandemic- and work-related data were also included. For example, infection control measures, deployment on COVID-19 wards and the subjective perceived threat posed by the pandemic. The physicians were asked to rate their perceived anxiety and stress, retrospectively, at 7 different points in time during the pandemic. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to retrospectively assess symptoms of anxiety and depression before and after the onset of the pandemic. The quality of life of the participants after 2 years of the pandemic was assessed using the WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Results Both subjective anxiety and burden showed wave-like patterns with higher scores in autumn, winter and spring. We observed significant differences between the seven measurement time points for anxiety [Chi2(6) = 197.05, p < 0.001] as well as for burden [Chi2(6) = 106.33, p < 0.001]. Symptoms of depression and anxiety increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic (M = 14.16, SD = 7.83) compared to the pre-pandemic time [M = 7.31, SD = 5.14, t (106) = -10.67, p < 0.001]. Physicians who worked at COVID-19 units showed higher scores in quality of life related to social relationships (M = 70.39, SD = 17.69) than physicians not working at COVID-19 units [M = 61.44, SD = 24.55, t (90.14) = -2.145, p = 0.035]. The multi-factorial ANOVA showed that previous psychiatric illness (p < 0.001), greater difference in depression scores (p = 0.014), higher anxiety scores (p = 0.048) and less work experience (p = 0.032) led to lower quality of life. Conclusion Hospitals should offer specific support, such as supervision, to prevent the development of longer-term psychiatric sequelae likely to lead to sick leave and high costs for the healthcare system. Trial registration The study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS-ID: DRKS00028984).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Wetzel
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lea Wetzel
| | - Marie Halfmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Noah Castioni
- Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah König
- Institute for Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Schmieder
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany
- Feuerlein Centre on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Workneh F, Worku A, Assefa N, Berhane Y. Change in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15053. [PMID: 37065689 PMCID: PMC10100826 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental health problems among healthcare workers globally. However, studies from low- and middle-income countries on this matter were minimal. This study assessed the change in depression prevalence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We conducted surveys among healthcare workers in Addis Ababa at two-time points, September 2020 and October 2021. A total of 577 study participants were randomly selected based on registers obtained from professional associations. Computer-assisted telephone interviewing technique was used for data collection. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen for depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential factors associated with depression. Result The prevalence of depression among healthcare workers was 2.3% (95% CI [1.1-4.8]) in Time 1 and 6.5% (95% CI [4.1-10.1]) in Time 2; nearly a three-fold increase in Time 2 compared to Time 1. The most frequently reported symptoms at both times based on the PHQ-9 item were having poor energy, sleep problem, and anhedonia, while reported suicidal ideation was less than 5%. Depression showed a positive and significant association with a positive COVID-19 test result (AOR 7.25 95% CI [1.32-39.4]) in Time 1, and with being a female healthcare provider (AOR 3.96 95% CI [1.08-14.51]) and lack of COVID-19 related policy or guidelines at the workplace (AOR 3.22 95% CI [1.11-9.35]) in Time 2. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among healthcare workers tripled during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Panic reaction to positive COVID-19 test result seems to have a negative effect at the beginning while lack of disease-specific prevention guidelines and comprehensive psychological interventions for healthcare providers had an adverse effect on the mental health of health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firehiwot Workneh
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Siddiqui I, Gupta J, Collett G, McIntosh I, Komodromos C, Godec T, Ng S, Maniero C, Antoniou S, Khan R, Kapil V, Khanji MY, Gupta AK. Perceived workplace support and mental health, well-being and burnout among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort analysis. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E191-E200. [PMID: 36854456 PMCID: PMC9981163 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20220191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between workplace support and mental health and burnout among health care professionals (HCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cohort study, we sought to evaluate the association between perceived level of (and changes to) workplace support and mental health and burnout among HCPs, and to identify what constitutes perceived effective workplace support. METHODS Online surveys at baseline (July-September 2020) and follow-up 4 months later assessed the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-7]), clinical insomnia, major depressive disorder (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire), burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and mental well-being (using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Score). Both surveys assessed self-reported level of workplace support (single-item Likert scale). For baseline and follow-up, independently, we developed separate logistic regression models to evaluate the association of the level of workplace support (tricohotomized as unsupported, neither supported nor unsupported and supported) with mental health and burnout. We also developed linear regression models to evaluate the association between the change in perceived level of workplace support and the change in mental health scores from baseline and follow-up. We used thematic analyses on free-text entries of the baseline survey to evaluate what constitutes effective support. RESULTS At baseline (n = 1422) and follow-up (n = 681), HCPs who felt supported had reduced risk of anxiety, depression, clinical insomnia, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, compared with those who felt unsupported. Among those who responded to both surveys (n = 681), improved perceived level of workplace support over time was associated with significantly improved scores on measures of anxiety (adjusted β -0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.25 to -0.01), depression (adjusted β -0.17, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.04) and mental well-being (adjusted β 0.19, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.29), independent of baseline level of support. We identified 5 themes constituting effective workplace support, namely concern or understanding for welfare, information, tangible qualities of the workplace, leadership and peer support. INTERPRETATION We found a significant association between perceived level of (and changes in) workplace support and mental health and burnout of HCPs, and identified potential themes that constitute perceived workplace support. Collectively, these findings can inform changes in guidance and national policies to improve mental health and burnout among HCPs. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT04433260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrana Siddiqui
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaya Gupta
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George Collett
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iris McIntosh
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Komodromos
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Godec
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sher Ng
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carmela Maniero
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sotiris Antoniou
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rehan Khan
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Y Khanji
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ajay K Gupta
- Wellbeing Hub (Siddiqui), Newham Training Hub; NHS NorthEast London CCG (Siddiqui); Woodgrange Medical Practice (Siddiqui); South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (J. Gupta); William Harvey Research Institute (Collett, Godec, Maniero, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), Queen Mary University of London; Camden & Islington Foundation Trust (McIntosh); Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust (Komodromos); Barts Heart Centre (Ng, Maniero, Antoniou, Kapil, Khanji, A.K. Gupta), St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The Royal London Hospital (Maniero, Khan, Kapil, A.K. Gupta), and Newham University Hospital (Khanji), Barts Health NHS Trust; National Heart and Lung Institute (A.K. Gupta), Imperial College London, London, UK
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Gao S, Su S, Zhang E, Liu R, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu J, Xie S, Yin C, Yue W. Psychological health status in postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:99-111. [PMID: 36087790 PMCID: PMC9450470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled the prevalence of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined the effects of the pandemic on psychological health in postpartum women. METHODS A systematic literature search and identification were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases until June 16th, 2021. The fixed or random effect models to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 for psychological symptoms. RESULTS A total of 29 articles including 20,225 postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic and 8312 before the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of postpartum depressive, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were 26.7 % (95 % CI: 22.0-31.9 %), 33.8 % (95 % CI: 21.1-49.4 %), 55.0 % (95%CI: 27.9-79.5 %), and 33.7 % (95%CI: 19.6-51.5 %), respectively. The ORs of COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were 1.54 (95 % CI: 1.00-2.36) and 2.56 (95%CI: 1.62-4.04). Subgroup analyses revealed that women with >6 weeks after delivery, younger than 35 years old, low income, less education and without breastfeeding experienced a higher risk of depressive or anxiety symptoms after delivery. LIMITATIONS Only a few of prospective studies were included, and significant but inevitable heterogeneities were found in some analyses. CONCLUSION A significantly higher proportion of postpartum women were suffered from psychological symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in those with >6 weeks after delivery, younger than 35 years old, low income, less education and formula feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China.
| | - Wentao Yue
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China.
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Fu Q, Ge J, Xu Y, Liang X, Yu Y, Shen S, Ma Y, Zhang J. The evolution of research on depression during COVID-19: A visual analysis using Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1061486. [PMID: 36561872 PMCID: PMC9764011 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to public health problems, including depression. There has been a significant increase in research on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little attention has been paid to the overall trend in this field based on bibliometric analyses. Methods Co-Occurrence (COOC) and VOSviewer bibliometric methods were utilized to analyze depression in COVID-19 literature in the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS). The overall characteristics of depression during COVID-19 were summarized by analyzing the number of published studies, keywords, institutions, and countries. Results A total of 9,694 English original research articles and reviews on depression during COVID-19 were included in this study. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the countries with the largest number of publications and had close cooperation with each other. Research institutions in each country were dominated by universities, with the University of Toronto being the most productive institution in the world. The most frequently published author was Ligang Zhang. Visualization analysis showed that influencing factors, adverse effects, and coping strategies were hotspots for research. Conclusion The results shed light on the burgeoning research on depression during COVID-19, particularly the relationship between depression and public health. In addition, future research on depression during COVID-19 should focus more on special groups and those at potential risk of depression in the general population, use more quantitative and qualitative studies combined with more attention to scale updates, and conduct longitudinal follow-ups of the outcomes of interventions. In conclusion, this study contributes to a more comprehensive view of the development of depression during COVID-19 and suggests a theoretical basis for future research on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiahao Ge
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuyao Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Suqin Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,*Correspondence: Jianzhen Zhang
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Lucas D, Brient S, Le Grand T, Dewitte JD, Loddé B, Pougnet R, Eveillard BM. Evolution of Global Health and Psychosocial Factors among Hospital Workers during First Year of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15260. [PMID: 36429989 PMCID: PMC9696107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess trends in overall health (mental and physical) and psychosocial factors in a population of workers (both healthcare and non-healthcare) in a French teaching hospital during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France. METHODS A validated version of the SATIN questionnaire with adapted scoring was used to collect data on health and impacts of work stressors. This questionnaire was sent to all workers at the hospital in T1 (July-August 2020) and T2 (July-August 2021) and self-administered online. RESULTS A total of 1313 participants who completed the questionnaire at T1 and 826 at T2 were included. Overall, 568 workers completed the questionnaire at T1 and T2. We found a deterioration in overall health and especially stress and mental health in hospital workers and healthcare workers (HCWs), with a negative impact of the workload and work environment. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impacted negatively the mental health, work stressors, and psychosocial perceptions of both HCW and non-HCW in a French hospital. The study confirms that hospital workers are an important target.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lucas
- ORPHY Laboratory, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
- Occupational Health Service, Teaching Hospital, F-29200 Brest, France
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Sociologie (EA 3149), Université de Brest-Bretagne Occidentale, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Sandrine Brient
- Occupational Health Service, Teaching Hospital, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Tanguy Le Grand
- Occupational Health Service, Teaching Hospital, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Jean-Dominique Dewitte
- Occupational Health Service, Teaching Hospital, F-29200 Brest, France
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Sociologie (EA 3149), Université de Brest-Bretagne Occidentale, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Brice Loddé
- ORPHY Laboratory, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
- Occupational Health Service, Teaching Hospital, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Richard Pougnet
- Occupational Health Service, Teaching Hospital, F-29200 Brest, France
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Sociologie (EA 3149), Université de Brest-Bretagne Occidentale, F-29200 Brest, France
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Hoang NA, Van Hoang N, Quach HL, Nguyen KC, Duong LH, Pham TQ, Vogt F. Assessing the mental effects of COVID-19-related work on depression among community health workers in Vietnam. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 20:64. [PMID: 35986294 PMCID: PMC9390118 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community health workers (CHWs) involved in the COVID-19 response might be at increased risk of developing depression, though evidence is scarce. We investigated effects of COVID-19-related work on changes in depression levels among CHWs in Vietnam and identified sub-groups among CHWs who are at particular risk of developing severe depression. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 979 CHWs who were involved in the COVID-19 response in Vietnam, in particular during the 2021 Tet holiday outbreak between January and March 2021. Respondents were asked to report depression symptoms at two-time points, before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (average June to December 2019) and during the 2021 Tet holiday outbreak using the PHQ-9 mental health questionnaire. We estimated depression levels at both time points and developed univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to explore the association between deterioration to high depression levels and selected risk factors. RESULTS Median depression levels among CHWs in Vietnam doubled from 3 (IQR = 2-7) before COVID-19 to 6 (IQR = 3-9) on the PHQ-9 scale during the Tet holiday outbreak. The proportion with normal/minimal levels decreased from 77.1% (95% CI = 74.4-79.7) to 50.9% (95% CI = 47.7-54) (p-value < 0.001), while the proportion of CHWs with moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression levels increased 4.3, 4.5, and five-fold, respectively. Less sleep and poor sleep quality, working in unfavorable work environments, and being involved in contact tracing and the organization of quarantine for suspected cases were associated with an increased risk of deterioration to high depression levels. CONCLUSIONS We found a substantial increase in overall depression levels among CHWs in Vietnam due to their COVID-19 related work and a particularly worrisome rise in CHWs suffering from severe depression. CHWs are an indispensable yet often overlooked cadre of work in many low- and middle-income countries and shoulder a heavy psychological burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted psychological support for CHWs is needed to improve their mental health and to ensure the sustainability of community-based health interventions during COVID-19 and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Anh Hoang
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ngoc Van Hoang
- The General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha-Linh Quach
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Luong Huy Duong
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Quang Pham
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Florian Vogt
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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FOND G, FERNANDES S, LUCAS G, Greenberg N, BOYER L. Depression in healthcare workers: results from the nationwide AMADEUS survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 135:104328. [PMID: 35952535 PMCID: PMC9359895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dragioti E, Tsartsalis D, Mentis M, Mantzoukas S, Gouva M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hospital staff: An umbrella review of 44 meta-analyses. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 131:104272. [PMID: 35576637 PMCID: PMC9045868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital staff is at high risk of developing mental health issues during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the literature lacks an overall and inclusive picture of mental health problems with comprehensive analysis among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the prevalence of anxiety, depression and other mental health outcomes as reported in original articles among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE 2000 compliant umbrella review of published meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the prevalence of mental health problems in hospital staff during the pandemic. REVIEW METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from December 1st, 2019, until August 13th 2021. The random effects model was used for the meta-analysis, and the I2 index was employed to assess between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias using Egger test and LFK index was examined. Data was analyzed using STATA 17.0 software. AMSTAR-2 was applied for the quality assessment of systematic reviews, while we used GRADE to rate the quality of evidence. RESULTS Forty-four meta-analyses from 1298 individual studies were included in the final analysis, encompassing the prevalence of 16 mental health symptoms. One-third of hospital workers reported anxiety (Prevalence: 29.9%, 95% CI:27.1% to 32.7%) and depression (Prevalence: 28.4%, 95% CI:25.5% to 31.3%) symptomatology, while about 40% (95% CI: 36.9% to 42.0%) suffered from sleeping disorders. Fear-related symptoms, reduced well-being, poor quality of life, and acute stress symptoms had the highest prevalence among hospital staff. However, the quality of evidence in these areas varied from low to very low. Nurses suffered more often from sleep problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression than doctors, whereas doctors reported a higher prevalence of acute stress and post-traumatic disorders. The burden of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders was higher among female employees than their male counterparts. Remarkably, acute stress and insomnia affected more than half of first-line medical staff. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mental health problems among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic is generally high, with anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms representing the most robust evidence based on a large dataset of prevalence meta-analyses. However, there is no strong confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome assessed. REGISTRATION Not registered. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on the mental health of hospital staff. The need for support must be different for nurses and doctors @eldi12345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
| | | | - Manolis Mentis
- Department of Education and Social Work, University of Patras, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Mantzoukas
- Research Laboratory Integrated Care, Health & Well-being, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
| | - Mary Gouva
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece.
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Bondagji D, Fakeerh M, Alwafi H, Khan AA. The Effects of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Among Resident Physicians in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1545-1557. [PMID: 35757011 PMCID: PMC9231535 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effect of long working hours on anxiety and depression among resident physicians working in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous and confidential self-administered electronic questionnaire. Mental health status (depression and anxiety) is measured using hospital anxiety and depression scale. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24.0. The Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) were used to test the association. Results A total of 258 medical residents participated in the study. The prevalence of anxiety was 39.5% (n=102) and depression was 20.9% (n=54). In multivariate OLR against anxiety, working more than 64 hours per week was significantly associated (p=0.013) with an increase in the odds of observing a higher level of anxiety (odds ratio=2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25–6.77) compared with working up to 40 hours per week after adjusting for age, amount of sleep and exposure to injustice. For the depression multivariate OLR, it would increase the odds of observing a higher level of depression for working 41–48, 49–64 and more than 64 hours per week by 2.21 (95% CI:1.07–4.58, P=0.033), 2.07 (95% CI:1.01–4.27, P=0.049) and 2.37 (95% CI:1.03–5.50, P=0.044) respectively, compared with working up to 40 hours per week and adjusting for the amount of sleep and exposure to injustice. Conclusion Resident physicians are at increased risk of developing anxiety and depression which is influenced by long working hours and a variety of other factors. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to this association. The implementation of interventions for the prevention and screening of physicians’ mental health disorders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniah Bondagji
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutaz Fakeerh
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Ahmed Khan
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Qi G, Yuan P, Qi M, Hu X, Shi S, Shi X. Influencing factors of high PTSD among medical staff during COVID-19: evidences from both meta-analysis and subgroup analysis. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:269-278. [PMID: 35784492 PMCID: PMC9233879 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) had a great impact on health care workers during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19). Better knowledge of the prevalence of PTSD and its risk factors is a major public health problem. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and important risk factors of PTSD among medical staff during the COVID-19. Methods The databases were searched for studies published during the COVID-19, and a PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) compliant systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD 42021278970) was carried out to identify articles from multiple databases reporting the prevalence of PTSD outcomes among medical staff. Proportion random effect analysis, I2 statistic, quality assessment, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Results A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and the PTSD results of doctors and nurses were summarized from 14 and 27 studies: the prevalences were 31% (95% CI [confidence interval, CI]: 21%–40%) and 38% (95% CI: 30%–45%) in doctors and nurses, respectively. The results also showed seven risks (p < 0.05): long working hours, isolation wards, COVID-19 symptoms, nurses, women, fear of infection, and pre-existing mental illness. Two factors were of borderline significance: higher professional titles and married. Conclusion Health care workers have a higher prevalence of PTSD during COVID-19. Health departments should provide targeted preventive measures for medical staff away from PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojia Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shangpeng Shi
- Department of Quality Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Center for Injury Research and Policy & Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China.
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Treating Anti-Vax Patients, a New Occupational Stressor-Data from the 4th Wave of the Prospective Study of Intensivists and COVID-19 (PSIC). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105889. [PMID: 35627425 PMCID: PMC9141091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Prospective Study of Intensivists and COVID-19 (PSIC) is a longitudinal study that besides investigating a cohort of intensivists from one of the two COVID-19 hub hospitals in Central Italy since the beginning of the pandemic (first wave, April 2020), has conducted a new survey at each successive wave. In addition to the variables investigated in previous surveys (job changes due to the pandemic, justice of safety procedures, job stress, sleep quality, satisfaction, happiness, anxiety, depression, burnout, and intention to quit), the latest fourth wave (December 2021) study has evaluated discomfort in caring for anti-vax patients. A multivariate logistic regression model confirmed that high levels of occupational stress (distressed 75.8%) were associated with isolation, monotony, lack of time for meditation, and poor relationships with anti-vaccination patients. Compared to the first phase, there was a reduction in levels of insomnia and anxiety, but the percentage of intensivists manifesting symptoms of depression remained high (58.9%). The study underlined the efficacy of organizational interventions and psychological support.
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Imamura K, Sasaki N, Sekiya Y, Watanabe K, Sakuraya A, Matsuyama Y, Nishi D, Kawakami N. The Effect of the Imacoco Care Psychoeducation Website on Improving Psychological Distress Among Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33883. [PMID: 35133972 PMCID: PMC8949678 DOI: 10.2196/33883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health among workers. Psychoeducational intervention via a website could be effective for primary prevention of mental illness among workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effect of a newly developed online psychoeducational website named Imacoco Care on reducing psychological distress and fear about COVID-19 infection among workers. METHODS Participants in the study were recruited from registered members of a web survey company in Japan. Participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group were invited to access the Imacoco Care program within a month after the baseline survey. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) scores were obtained at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. RESULTS A total of 1200 workers were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups (n=600 [50%] per group). The Imacoco Care intervention group showed a significant favorable effect on K6 scores (P=.03) with a small effect size (ES; Cohen d=-0.14) and an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores (P=.01) with a small ES (Cohen d=0.16) at 3-month follow-up. In the per protocol analysis (including only participants who had read the Imacoco Care content at least 1 time), the Imacoco Care intervention group also showed a significant favorable effect on reducing K6 scores (P=.03), while an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores was not significant (P=.06) in the intervention group at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A web-based psychoeducation approach may be effective for improving psychological distress among workers; however, it may be important not only to distribute information but also to encourage active engagement with the content of the program to prevent adverse effects of psychoeducational intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000042556; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekiya
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakuraya
- Division of Public Health, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Beverly E, Hommema L, Coates K, Duncan G, Gable B, Gutman T, Love M, Love C, Pershing M, Stevens N. A tranquil virtual reality experience to reduce subjective stress among COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262703. [PMID: 35139092 PMCID: PMC8827469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has taken an immense physical, social, and emotional toll on frontline healthcare workers. Research has documented higher levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout among healthcare workers during the pandemic. Thus, creative interventions are needed now more than ever to provide brief, accessible support to frontline workers. Virtual reality is a rapidly growing technology with potential psychological applications. In this study, we piloted a three-minute Tranquil Cinematic-VR simulation of a nature scene to lower subjective stress among frontline healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment units. We chose to film a nature scene because of the extensive empirical literature documenting the benefits of nature exposure and health. METHODS A convenience sample of frontline healthcare workers, including direct care providers, indirect care providers, and support or administrative services, were recruited from three COVID-19 units located in the United States. Inclusion criteria for participation included adults aged 18 years and older who could read and speak in English and were currently employed by the healthcare system. Participants viewed a 360-degree video capture of a lush, green nature preserve in an Oculus Go or Pico G2 4K head-mounted display. Prior to viewing the simulation, participants completed a brief demographic questionnaire and the visual analogue scale to rate their subjective stress on a 10-point scale, with 1 = 'Not at all stressed' to 10 = 'Extremely stressed.' We conducted paired t-tests to examine pre- and post-simulation changes in subjective stress as well as Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney U tests to examine differences by demographic variables. All analyses were conducted in SPSS statistical software version 28.0. We defined statistical significance as a p-value less than .05. RESULTS A total of 102 individuals consented to participate in the study. Eighty-four (82.4%) participants reported providing direct patient care, 73 (71.6%) identified as women, 49 (48.0%) were between the ages of 25-34 years old, and 35 (34.3%) had prior experience with VR. The pre-simulation mean stress score was 5.5±2.2, with a range of 1 to 10. Thirty-three (32.4%) participants met the 6.8 cutoff for high stress pre-simulation. Pre-simulation stress scores did not differ by any demographic variables. Post-simulation, we observed a significant reduction in subjective stress scores from pre- to post-simulation (mean change = -2.2±1.7, t = 12.749, p < .001), with a Cohen's d of 1.08, indicating a very large effect. Further, only four (3.9%) participants met the cutoff for high stress after the simulation. Post-simulations scores did not differ by provider type, age range, gender, or prior experience with virtual reality. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this pilot study suggest that the application of this Tranquil Cinematic-VR simulation was effective in reducing subjective stress among frontline healthcare workers in the short-term. More research is needed to compare the Tranquil Cinematic-VR simulation to a control condition and assess subjective and objective measures of stress over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Beverly
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Ohio University Diabetes Institute, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurie Hommema
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kara Coates
- OhioHealth Healthcare Organization, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gary Duncan
- OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- OhioHealth Healthcare Organization, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- OhioHealth Center for Medical Education & Innovation, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brad Gable
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- OhioHealth Healthcare Organization, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- OhioHealth Center for Medical Education & Innovation, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas Gutman
- OhioHealth Healthcare Organization, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- OhioHealth Center for Medical Education & Innovation, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew Love
- Ohio University J. Warren McClure School of Emerging Communication Technologies, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Ohio University Game Research and Immersive Design (GRID) Lab, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carrie Love
- Ohio University Game Research and Immersive Design (GRID) Lab, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Hocking College, Nelsonville, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michelle Pershing
- OhioHealth Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy Stevens
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
- Ohio University Museum Complex, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
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Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Nurses during the First Eleven Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031154. [PMID: 35162183 PMCID: PMC8834441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection can increase the physical and psychological strain on nurses in professional practice, which can lead to mental health problems. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish and estimate the combined incidence of depression and anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic using standard measurement tools. A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS was carried out to identify cross-sectional studies in the period from 3 March 2020 to 18 February 2021. Two reviewers independently and critically evaluated the studies which have been included, using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. We have identified twenty-three studies (n = 44,165) from nine countries. The combined incidence of depression among nurses was 22% (95% CI 0.15–0.30, I2 = 99.71%), and anxiety symptoms 29% (95%CI 0.18–0.40, I2 = 99.92%). No significant difference was observed in the percentage of depression and anxiety between the study subjects working on the frontlines vs. those in a mixed group (those working on the frontlines and behind the lines). This meta-analysis shows that over one-fifth of nurses in professional practice during the COVID-19 epidemic suffer from depression disorders, and almost one-third experience anxiety symptoms. This underscores the importance of providing comprehensive psychological support strategies for nurses working in pandemic conditions. Further longitudinal research is necessary to assess the severity of mental health symptoms related to the COVID-19 epidemic factor.
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Lucas D, Brient S, Eveillard BM, Gressier A, LeGrand T, Pougnet R, Dewitte JD, Loddé B. Health impact of work stressors and psychosocial perceptions among French hospital workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053638. [PMID: 34983765 PMCID: PMC8727685 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare global health, mental health impact of work stressors and psychosocial perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs in a hospital after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in France. METHODS A validated version of the SATIN (Santé Au Travail Inrs université Nancy 2)questionnaire with adapted scoring was used to collect data on health and impact of work stressors. This questionnaire was sent to all workers at a hospital in July 2020 and was self-administered online. In a multinomial regression model, we included HCW status, age, gender and front-line worker status as covariates. RESULTS Data from a total of 1405 participants were included. We found that being an HCW, male and front-line worker was a risk factor for negative perception of work demand (OR 7.35, 95% CI 4.2 to 11.47; OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.89; OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.06). Being an HCW was a predictive factor for stress (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.08), poor global health (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.55) and negative perception of work activity environment (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.8). CONCLUSION We have shown that all HCWs suffered from some health impact shortly after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak. We underline some stressors with high impact, including work demand, work abilities and organisational context, and emphasise the need for risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lucas
- Occupational Health Unit, CHU Brest, Brest, France
- Orphy Laboratory, Bretagne Occidentale University, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brice Loddé
- Occupational Health Unit, CHU Brest, Brest, France
- Orphy Laboratory, Bretagne Occidentale University, Brest, France
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Merchant H, Khan F, Dewalwar V, Roy P, Das S, Desousa A. The silent toll of second COVID-19 wave: A dass-21 questionnaire survey among health-care workers at a Tertiary-Care Public Hospital, Mumbai. ANNALS OF INDIAN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_61_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Peng J, Wu WH, Doolan G, Choudhury N, Mehta P, Khatun A, Hennelly L, Henty J, Jury EC, Liao LM, Ciurtin C. Marital Status and Gender Differences as Key Determinants of COVID-19 Impact on Wellbeing, Job Satisfaction and Resilience in Health Care Workers and Staff Working in Academia in the UK During the First Wave of the Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:928107. [PMID: 35832284 PMCID: PMC9271694 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.928107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global public health crisis that continues to exert immense pressure on healthcare and related professional staff and services. The impact on staff wellbeing is likely to be influenced by a combination of modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-reported wellbeing, resilience, and job satisfaction of National Health Service (NHS) and university staff working in the field of healthcare and medical research. Methods We conducted a cross sectional survey of NHS and UK university staff throughout the COVID-19 pandemic between May-November 2020. The anonymous and voluntary survey was disseminated through social media platforms, and via e-mail to members of professional and medical bodies. The data was analyzed using descriptive and regression (R) statistics. Results The enjoyment of work and satisfaction outside of work was significantly negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic for all of staff groups independent of other variables. Furthermore, married women reporting significantly lower wellbeing than married men (P = 0.028). Additionally, the wellbeing of single females was significantly lower than both married women and men (P = 0.017 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Gender differences were also found in satisfaction outside of work, with women reporting higher satisfaction than men before the COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.0002). Conclusion Our study confirms that the enjoyment of work and general satisfaction of staff members has been significantly affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, being married appears to be a protective factor for wellbeing and resilience but the effect may be reversed for life satisfaction outside work. Our survey highlights the critical need for further research to examine gender differences using a wider range of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Peng
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wing Han Wu
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Doolan
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naila Choudhury
- Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Puja Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Khatun
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hennelly
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Henty
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lih-Mei Liao
- Women's Health Psychological Services, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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van den Broek A, van Hoorn L, Tooten Y, de Vroege L. The moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental wellbeing of health care workers on sustainable employability: A scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1067228. [PMID: 36683992 PMCID: PMC9852887 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1067228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable employability (SE) amongst healthcare workers (HCW) is an important asset for healthcare institutions. However, SE is under strain due to high work pressure, a shortage of employees, and absenteeism amongst employees based on mental problems. These developments had already started before the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review is to explore whether there is a moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental wellbeing of HCW in the context of SE. A double blinded systematic review was conducted for this article in accordance with preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were subjected to quality evaluation and narrative synthesis. The analysis of the selected literature led to the understanding that mental problems amongst HCW were already abundantly present before the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health problems have increased in prevalence, severity, and variation. In general, a negative relation between (mental) health and SE exists. Our findings show that mental health problems have heavily impacted the SE of HCW: absenteeism has increased and perspective on work has changed. It is time to prioritize the mental health of HCW to prevent acute care capacity from declining even further and ending up in a vicious circle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yvette Tooten
- Department Gastro-enterology, ETZ Hospital (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Lars de Vroege
- Department of Anxiety and Depression, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Mental Health and Associated Demographic and Occupational Factors among Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57121381. [PMID: 34946326 PMCID: PMC8705324 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the health care system. Front-line health care workers (HCWs) are at a higher risk of mental health adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the symptoms of depression and anxiety and associated demographic and occupational factors among front-line HCWs in Latvia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was performed in a population of HCWs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia. The participants were interviewed between 28 April 2020 and 2 June 2020. Answers from 864 HCWs were obtained. The participants reported their demographics, work-related information, contacts with COVID-19-positive patients and completed two standardised questionnaires that assessed the symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). The gathered data were analysed by a chi-squared test and binary logistic regression. The data analysis was performed using SPSS v25. Results: A total of 209 (24.8%) participants had depression symptoms and 145 (17.2%) had anxiety symptoms. Health care workers older than 50 had a lower risk of both depression (OR 0.422 (95% CI, 0.262–0.680)) and anxiety (OR 0.468 (95% CI, 0.270–0.813)). General practitioners had more frequent symptoms of depression and anxiety than participants who worked at hospitals (32.8% (n = 63) versus 19.4% (n = 73) and 27.1% (n = 52) versus 10.3% (n = 39), respectively (p = 0.037; p < 0.000)). Working more than 48 h during the week was associated with a higher risk of depression (OR 2.222 (95% CI, 1.315–3.753)) and anxiety (OR 2.416 (95% CI, 1.272–4.586)). Conclusions: The vulnerability of the health care system before the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant mental health adverse outcomes of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia. A further cohort study is needed to evaluate the dynamics of mental health and other predisposing factors of HCWs.
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Long-Term Impact of Economic Downturn and Loneliness on Psychological Distress: Triple Crises of COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194596. [PMID: 34640614 PMCID: PMC8509467 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 crisis poses global mental health and global economy challenges. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating whether financial instability and social disruption may increase the risk of developing mental health problems over time that may potentially outlast the pandemic. Methods: We conducted an online survey for members of the general population (n = 2703) in Germany during the twelve months spanning from April 2020 to March 2021. We investigated the development of COVID-19 related psychological distress, the number of unemployed people, federal government debt, income distribution, and loneliness over the time period. Results: Over a period of twelve months, 53.6% of respondents in Germany reported experiencing psychological distress, varying from mild levels, 34.2%, to severe levels, 19.4%, of distress. High federal government debt, high incident COVID-19 cases, low incomes, and the prevalence of loneliness were found to be associated with increased long-term mental health problems. Psychological distress scores were most strongly increased in female and young respondents as well as those who reported fewer years of education, low income, and higher loneliness. Conclusions: Our study highlights factors that have a long-term impact on mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that specific mental-health services could be offered to support high-risk groups experiencing financial fragility and loneliness. For purposes of safeguarding their mental health there is a need to monitor and track such risk factors in real time.
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Rus Prelog P, Matić T, Pregelj P, Sadikov A. Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Slovenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:788898. [PMID: 35095602 PMCID: PMC8791306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to numerous negative consequences on the mental health of the population throughout the world. The main aim of our study was to compare the risk for depression, anxiety, and stress during the second wave of the pandemic in Slovenia. An additional goal was to analyze the association of depression, anxiety, and stress, with the most relevant subjective factors that define the quality of life. Furthermore, we aimed at determining whether health workers have a higher risk for depression following the course of the pandemic. The study was conducted on the general population, between July 2020 and January 2021 through an online survey. The data of 1,728 respondents in two samples of respondents (782 at baseline - first measurement point and 946 during the second measurement point) of the second wave were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and Mann-Whitney U-test. The findings of this study show that the rise the second wave was associated with a higher risk for depression, anxiety and stress. The risk for all three was higher for younger participants. Women showed a higher risk for anxiety and stress. Finances, relationships, and housing dissatisfaction were relevant predictors for depression, anxiety and stress. Health workers in our sample showed a higher risk for stress, but not for depression or anxiety, than the general population. Our findings highlight the urgent need for coordinating and developing mental health services and tailored interventions to reduce the mental health burden, especially in the younger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Rus Prelog
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Teodora Matić
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Pregelj
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Sadikov
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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