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Kilic KD, Erisik D, Taskiran D, Turhan K, Kose T, Cetin EO, Sendemi R A, Uyanikgil Y. Protective effects of E-CG-01 (3,4-lacto cycloastragenol) against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117016. [PMID: 38943992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an aging-related, chronic lung disease, with unclear pathogenesis and no effective treatment. One of the triggering factors in cell aging is oxidative stress and it is known to have a role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, the protective effect of the E-CG-01 (3,4-lacto-cycloastragenol) molecule in terms of its antioxidant properties was evaluated in the bleomycin induced mice lung fibrosis model. Bleomycin sulfate was administered as a single dose (2.5 U/kg body weight) intratracheally to induce lung fibrosis. E-CG-01 was administered intraperitoneally in three different doses (2 mg/kg/day, 6 mg/kg/day, and 10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, starting three days before the bleomycin administration. Fibrosis was examined by Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta1, Type I collagen Ki-67, and gama-H2AX markers. Activity analysis of catalase and Superoxide dismutase enzymes, measurement of total oxidant, total glutathione, and Malondialdehyde levels. In histological analysis, it was determined that all three different doses of the molecule provided a prophylactic effect against the progression of fibrosis compared to the bleomycin control group. However, it was observed that only the molecule applied in the high dose decreased the total oxidant stress level. Lung weight ratio increased in the BLM group but significantly reduced with high-dose E-CG-01. E-CG-01 at all doses reduced collagen deposition, TGF-β expression, and Ki-67 expression compared to the BLM group. Intermediate and high doses of E-CG-01 also significantly reduced alveolar wall thickness and edema formation. These findings suggest that E-CG-01 has potential therapeutic effects in mitigating lung fibrosis through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Dogan Kilic
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İzmir, Turkiye; Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Derya Erisik
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Dilek Taskiran
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Kutsal Turhan
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, İzmir, Turkiye; Acibadem Kent Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Timur Kose
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Emel Oyku Cetin
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Aylin Sendemi R
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, İzmir, Turkiye
| | - Yiğit Uyanikgil
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İzmir, Turkiye; Ege University, Cord Blood Cell - Tissue Research and Application Center, İzmir, Turkiye; Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell, İzmir, Turkiye
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Zhang W, Sun Z, Cheng W, Li X, Zhang J, Li Y, Tan H, Ji X, Zhang L, Tang J. Impaired GPX4 activity elicits ferroptosis in alveolar type II cells promoting PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116680. [PMID: 38964057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Inhaling polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) aerosol, a broad-spectrum disinfectant, can lead to severe pulmonary fibrosis. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is believed to play a role in the chemical-induced pulmonary injury. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis in the progression of PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6 J mice and the alveolar type II cell line MLE-12 were used to evaluate the toxicity of PHMG in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The findings indicated that iron deposition was observed in PHMG induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model and ferroptosis related genes have changed after 8 weeks PHMG exposure. Additionally, there were disturbances in the antioxidant system and mitochondrial damage in MLE-12 cells following a 12-hour treatment with PHMG. Furthermore, the study observed an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in GPX4 activity in MLE-12 cells after exposure to PHMG. Moreover, pretreatment with the ferroptosis inhibitors Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) not only restored the antioxidant system and GPX4 activity but also mitigated lipid peroxidation. Current data exhibit the role of ferroptosis pathway in PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis and provide a potential target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaolong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenting Cheng
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Li
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haining Tan
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Fan S, Xue B, Ma J. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39013. [PMID: 39029004 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). GM was used as an exposure factor, and instrumental variables were determined from the GWAS of 18,340 participants. GWAS of IPF (including 1028 IPF patients and 196,986 controls) from the FinnGen was used as the outcome factor. The primary analysis method is the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and sensitivity analysis was used to validate the reliability. Family Bacteroidaceae (OR = 1.917 95% CI = 1.083-3.393, P = .026), order Gastranaerophilales (OR = 1.441 95% CI = 1.019-2.036, P = .039), genus Senegalimassilia (OR = 2.28 95% CI = 1.174-4.427, P = .015), phylum Cyanobacteria (OR = 1.631 95% CI = 1.035-2.571, P = .035) were positively correlated with IPF. FamilyXIII(OR = 0.452 95% CI = 0.249-0.82, P = .009), order Selenomonadale (OR = 0.563 95% CI = 0.337-0.941, P = .029), genus Veillonella (OR = 0.546 95% CI = 0.304-0.982, P = .043) (OR = 0.717 95% CI = 0.527-0.976, P = .034), genus Ruminococcusgnavus (OR = 0.717 95% CI = 0.527-0.976, P = .034), genus Oscillibacter (OR = 0.571 95% CI = 0.405-0.806, P = .001) was negatively correlated with IPF. Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity (P > .05). The results of MR demonstrated a causal relationship between GM and IPF. Further studies are needed to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of the GM in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Fan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baorui Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Pashmforosh M, Rajabi Vardanjani H, Khorsandi L, Shariati S, Mohtadi S, Khodayar MJ. Carvacrol protects rats against bleomycin-induced lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03273-7. [PMID: 38976045 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential efficacy of carvacrol (CAR) in mitigating bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Sixty-six male Wistar rats were assigned into two main groups of 7 and 21 days. They were divided into the subgroups of control, BLM, CAR 80 (only for the 21-day group), and CAR treatment groups. The CAR treatment groups received CAR (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, orally) for 7 or 21 days after an instillation of BLM (5 mg/kg, intratracheally). Results indicated that BLM significantly increased total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and reduced the percentage of macrophages. CAR dose-dependently decreased total cell count and the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes. CAR significantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroxyproline levels and elevated the total thiol level and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in BLM-exposed rats. Furthermore, CAR decreased the transforming growth factor-β1, connective transforming growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α on days 7 and 21. BLM increased interferon-γ on day 7 but decreased its level on day 21. However, CAR reversed interferon-γ levels on days 7 and 21. Based on histopathological findings, BLM induced inflammation on days 7 and 21, but for induction of fibrosis, 21-day study showed more fibrotic injuries than the 7-day group. CAR showed the improvement of fibrotic injuries. The effect of CAR against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis is possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shariati
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shokooh Mohtadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Koyun GB, Berk S, Dogan OT. The importance of SII and FIB-4 scores in predicting mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Clin Biochem 2024; 131-132:110789. [PMID: 38977211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quick and simple parameters are needed to predict mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this way, risky patients will have the opportunity to receive early and effective treatment. In this study, we examined whether the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) are associated with mortality in IPF patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was designed retrospectively. 100 patients diagnosed with IPF were included in the study. Variables between living patients and deceased patients were examined. RESULTS Out of a total of 100 patients, 67 were divided into the surviving group and 33 into the non-surviving group. In multivariate analysis, high FIB-4 and SII values were significantly associated with an increased risk of death. CONCLUSION FIB-4 and SII are parameters that can predict mortality in IPF patients. In this way, IPF patients with high mortality risk will be identified earlier and more effective methods will be used in follow-up and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorkem Berna Koyun
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Berk
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Omer Tamer Dogan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Sivas, Turkey
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Shi Z, Zhou M, Zhai J, Sun J, Wang X. Novel therapeutic strategies and drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400192. [PMID: 38961537 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Currently, drugs used to treat IPF in clinical practice exhibit severe side effects and limitations. To address these issues, this paper discusses the therapeutic effects of preclinical targeted drugs (such as STAT3 and TGF-β/Smad pathway inhibitors, chitinase inhibitors, PI3K and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, etc.) and natural products on IPF. Through a summary of current research progress, it is found that natural products possess multitarget effects, stable therapeutic efficacy, low side effects, and nondrug dependence. Furthermore, we discuss the significant prospects of natural product molecules in combating fibrosis by influencing the immune system, expecting that current analytical data will aid in the development of new drugs or the investigation of active ingredients in natural products for potential IPF treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Shi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jingfang Zhai
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, China
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Gupta N, Paryani M, Patel S, Bariya A, Srivastava A, Pathak Y, Butani S. Therapeutic Strategies for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Thriving Present and Promising Tomorrow. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:779-798. [PMID: 38346921 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a continuous, progressive, and lethal age-related respiratory disease. It is characterized by condensed and rigid lung tissue, which leads to a decline in the normal functioning of the lungs. The pathophysiology of IPF has still not been completely elucidated, so current strategies are lagging behind with respect to improving the condition of patients with IPF and increasing their survival rate. The desire for a better understanding of the pathobiology of IPF and its early detection has led to the identification of various biomarkers associated with IPF. The use of drugs such as pirfenidone and nintedanib as a safe and effective treatment alternative have marked a new chapter in the treatment of IPF. However, nonpharmacological therapies, involving long-term oxygen therapy, transplantation of the lungs, pulmonary rehabilitation, ventilation, and palliative care for cough and dyspnea, are still considered to be beneficial as supplementary methods for IPF therapy. A major risk factor for IPF is aging, with associated hallmarks such as telomere attrition, senescence, epigenetic drift, stem cell exhaustion, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are promising earmarks for the development of potential therapy for the disease. In this review, we have discussed current and emerging novel therapeutic strategies for IPF, especially for targets associated with age-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gupta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitali Paryani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehal Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aditi Bariya
- Arihant School of Pharmacy Education and Research, Adalaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Shital Butani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Tsukui T, Wolters PJ, Sheppard D. Alveolar fibroblast lineage orchestrates lung inflammation and fibrosis. Nature 2024; 631:627-634. [PMID: 38987592 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are present throughout the body and function to maintain tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have identified diverse fibroblast subsets in healthy and injured tissues1,2, but the origins and functional roles of injury-induced fibroblast lineages remain unclear. Here we show that lung-specialized alveolar fibroblasts take on multiple molecular states with distinct roles in facilitating responses to fibrotic lung injury. We generate a genetic tool that uniquely targets alveolar fibroblasts to demonstrate their role in providing niches for alveolar stem cells in homeostasis and show that loss of this niche leads to exaggerated responses to acute lung injury. Lineage tracing identifies alveolar fibroblasts as the dominant origin for multiple emergent fibroblast subsets sequentially driven by inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signals after injury. We identify similar, but not completely identical, fibroblast lineages in human pulmonary fibrosis. TGFβ negatively regulates an inflammatory fibroblast subset that emerges early after injury and stimulates the differentiation into fibrotic fibroblasts to elicit intra-alveolar fibrosis. Blocking the induction of fibrotic fibroblasts in the alveolar fibroblast lineage abrogates fibrosis but exacerbates lung inflammation. These results demonstrate the multifaceted roles of the alveolar fibroblast lineage in maintaining normal alveolar homeostasis and orchestrating sequential responses to lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tsukui
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Massen GM, Whittaker HR, Cook S, Jenkins G, Allen RJ, Wain LV, Stewart I, Quint JK. Using Routinely Collected Electronic Healthcare Record Data to Investigate Fibrotic Multimorbidity in England. Clin Epidemiol 2024; 16:433-443. [PMID: 38952572 PMCID: PMC11215821 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s463499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic healthcare records (EHRs) are used to document diagnoses, symptoms, tests, and prescriptions. Though not primarily collected for research purposes, owing to the size of the data as well as the depth of information collected, they have been used extensively to conduct epidemiological research. The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is an EHR database containing representative data of the UK population with regard to age, sex, race, and social deprivation measures. Fibrotic conditions are characterised by excessive scarring, contributing towards organ dysfunction and eventual organ failure. Fibrosis is associated with ageing as well as many other factors, it is hypothesised that fibrotic conditions are caused by the same underlying pathological mechanism. We calculated the prevalence of fibrotic conditions (as defined in a previous Delphi survey of clinicians) as well as the prevalence of fibrotic multimorbidity (the proportion of people with multiple fibrotic conditions). Methods We included a random sample of 993,370 UK adults, alive, and enrolled at a UK general practice, providing data to the CPRD Aurum database as of 1st of January 2015. Individuals had to be eligible for linkage to hospital episode statistics (HES) and ONS death registration. We calculated the point prevalence of fibrotic conditions and multi-morbid fibrosis on the 1st of January 2015. Using death records of those who died in 2015, we investigated the prevalence of fibrosis associated death. We explored the most commonly co-occurring fibrotic conditions and determined the settings in which diagnoses were commonly made (primary care, secondary care or after death). Results The point prevalence of any fibrotic condition was 21.46%. In total, 6.00% of people had fibrotic multimorbidity. Of the people who died in 2015, 34.82% had a recording of a fibrotic condition listed on their death certificate. Conclusion The key finding was that fibrotic multimorbidity affects approximately 1 in 16 people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Cook
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J Allen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Iain Stewart
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lin JH, Liu CC, Liu CY, Hsu TW, Yeh YC, How CK, Hsu HS, Hung SC. Selenite selectively kills lung fibroblasts to treat bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103148. [PMID: 38603946 PMCID: PMC11017345 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) treatment is a critical unmet need. Selenium is an essential trace element for human life and an antioxidant that activates glutathione, but the gap between its necessity and its toxicity is small and requires special attention. Whether selenium can be used in the treatment of ILD remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of selenite, a selenium derivative, in ILD using a murine model of bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We further elucidated the underlying mechanism using in vitro cell models and examined their relevance in human tissue specimens. The therapeutic effect of selenite in bleomycin-administered mice was assessed by respiratory function and histochemical changes. Selenite-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in murine lung fibroblasts were measured. RESULTS Selenite, administered 1 day (inflammation phase) or 8 days (fibrotic phase) after bleomycin, prevented and treated deterioration of lung function and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, selenite inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of murine lung fibroblasts after bleomycin treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, selenite upregulated glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in murine lung fibroblasts, but not in lung epithelial cells, upon bleomycin treatment. GR and TrxR inhibition eliminates the therapeutic effects of selenite. Furthermore, we found that GR and TrxR were upregulated in the human lung fibroblasts of IPF patient samples. CONCLUSIONS Selenite induces ROS production and apoptosis in murine lung fibroblasts through GR and TrxR upregulation, thereby providing a therapeutic effect in bleomycin-induced IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Han Lin
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Liu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Traumatology, Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Yu Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Wei Hsu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Division of Traumatology, Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Shui Hsu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Taiwan; College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Zhu M, Yi Y, Jiang K, Liang Y, Li L, Zhang F, Zheng X, Yin H. Single-cell combined with transcriptome sequencing to explore the molecular mechanism of cell communication in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18499. [PMID: 38887981 PMCID: PMC11184282 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, chronic, and progressive lung disease that severely impacts human health and survival. However, the intricate molecular underpinnings of IPF remains elusive. This study aims to delve into the nuanced molecular interplay of cellular interactions in IPF, thereby laying the groundwork for innovative therapeutic approaches in the clinical field of IPF. Sophisticated bioinformatics methods were employed to identify crucial biomarkers essential for the progression of IPF. The GSE122960 single-cell dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) compendium, and intercellular communication potentialities were scrutinized via CellChat. The random survival forest paradigm was established using the GSE70866 dataset. Quintessential genes were selected through Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, while immune infiltration examinations, functional enrichment critiques and nomogram paradigms were inaugurated. Analysis of intercellular communication revealed an intimate potential connections between macrophages and various cell types, pinpointing five cardinal genes influencing the trajectory and prognosis of IPF. The nomogram paradigm, sculpted from these seminal genes, exhibits superior predictive prowess. Our research meticulously identified five critical genes, confirming their intimate association with the prognosis, immune infiltration and transcriptional governance of IPF. Interestingly, we discerned these genes' engagement with the EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION signalling pathway, which may enhance our understanding of the molecular complexity of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggao Zhu
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuhu Yi
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yongzhi Liang
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lijun Li
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xinglong Zheng
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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12
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Ran B, Ren X, Lin X, Teng Y, Xin F, Ma W, Zhao X, Li M, Wang J, Wang C, Sun L, Zhang J. Glycyrrhetinic acid loaded in milk-derived extracellular vesicles for inhalation therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2024; 370:811-820. [PMID: 38754632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and life-threatening lung disease for which treatment options are limited. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a triterpenoid with multiple biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Herein, inhalable milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) encapsulating GA (mEVs@GA) were screened and evaluated for IPF treatment. The results indicated that the loading efficiency of GA in mEVs@GA was 8.65%. Therapeutic effects of inhalable mEVs@GA were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The mEVs@GA demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated MHS cells. Furthermore, repeated noninvasive inhalation delivery of mEVs@GA in bleomycin-induced IPF mice could decrease the levels of transforming growth factors β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3 and inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. The mEVs@GA effectively diminished the development of fibrosis and improved pulmonary function in the IPF mice model at a quarter of the dose compared with the pirfenidone oral administration group. Additionally, compared to pirfenidone-loaded mEVs, mEVs@GA demonstrated superior efficacy at the same drug concentration in the pharmacodynamic study. Overall, inhaled mEVs@GA have the potential to serve as an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ran
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xueyuan Lin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Yupu Teng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Fangyuan Xin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Wuzhen Ma
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Jinghuang Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China.
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13
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Wang X, Wan W, Lu J, Liu P. Inhalable FN-binding liposomes or liposome-exosome hybrid bionic vesicles encapsulated microparticles for enhanced pulmonary fibrosis therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124096. [PMID: 38583821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible interstitial lung disease that seriously threatens human life and health. Our previous study demonstrated the unique superiority of traditional Chinese medicine cryptotanshinone (CTS) combined with sustained pulmonary drug delivery for treating PF. In this study, we aimed to enhance the selectivity, targeting efficiency and sustained-release capability based on this delivery system. To this end, we developed and evaluated CTS-loaded modified liposomes-chitosan (CS) microspheres SM(CT-lipo) and liposome-exosome hybrid bionic vesicles-CS microspheres SM(LE). The prepared nano-in-micro particles system integrates the advantages of the carriers and complements each other. SM(CT-lipo) and SM(LE) achieved lung myofibroblast-specific targeting through CREKA peptide binding specifically to fibronectin (FN) and the homing effect of exosomes on parent cells, respectively, facilitating efficient delivery of anti-fibrosis drugs to lung lesions. Furthermore, compared with daily administration of conventional microspheres SM(NC) and positive control drug pirfenidone (PFD), inhaled administration of SM(CT-lipo) and SM(LE) every two days still attained similar efficacy, exhibiting excellent sustained drug release ability. In summary, our findings suggest that the developed SM(CT-lipo) and SM(LE) delivery strategies could achieve more accurate, efficient and safe therapy, providing novel insights into the treatment of chronic PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratoty for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Das S, Ghosh A, Karmakar V, Khawas S, Vatsha P, Roy KK, Behera PC. Cannabis effectiveness on immunologic potency of pulmonary contagion. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:129-142. [PMID: 38635412 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory illnesses and its repercussions are becoming more prevalent worldwide. It is necessary to research both innovative treatment and preventative techniques. Millions of confirmed cases and fatalities from the COVID-19 epidemic occurred over the previous two years. According to the review research, cannabinoids are a class of medicines that should be considered for the treatment of respiratory conditions. Cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have illustrated advantageous anti-inflammatory, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary artery hypotension in numerous studies (in vitro and in vivo). It has been also noted that CB2 receptors on macrophages and T-helper cells may be particularly triggered to lower inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Since the majority of lung tissue contains cannabinoid receptors, cannabis can be an effective medical tool for treating COVID-19 as well as pulmonary infections. Notably, CB2 and CB1 receptors play a major role in immune system modulation and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we put forth the idea that cannabis might be helpful in treating pulmonary contagion brought on by viral integration, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, haemophilus influenza type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Also, a detailed overview of CB receptors, intricate mechanisms, is highlighted connecting link with COVID-19 viral structural modifications along with molecular basis of CB receptors in diminishing viral load in pulmonary disorders supported through evident literature studies. Further, futuristic evaluations on cannabis potency through novel formulation development focusing on in vivo/in vitro systems can produce promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 28698 Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi, India
| | - Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 28698 Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 28698 Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi, India
| | - Sourav Khawas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 521742 Jharkhand Rai University , Ranchi, India
| | - Piyush Vatsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 521742 Jharkhand Rai University , Ranchi, India
| | - Kishor Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 521742 Jharkhand Rai University , Ranchi, India
| | - Padma Charan Behera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, MAKAUT university, Dubrajpur, Birbhum 731123, India
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15
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Mousa AM, Nooman MU, Abbas SS, Gebril SM, Abdelraof M, Al-Kashef AS. Protective effects of microbial biosurfactants produced by Bacillus halotolerans and Candida parapsilosis on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice: Impact of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties via TGF-β1/Smad-3 pathway and miRNA-326. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116939. [PMID: 38643951 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible disease which considered the most fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary toxicity including IPF is the most severe adverse effect of bleomycin, the chemotherapeutic agent. Based on the fact that, exogenous surfactants could induce alveolar stabilization in many lung diseases, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of low cost biosurfactants, surfactin (SUR) and sophorolipids (SLs), against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice due to their antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Surfactin and sophorolipids were produced by microbial conversion of frying oil and potato peel wastes using Bacillus halotolerans and Candida parapsilosis respectively. These biosurfactants were identified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and LC-MS/MS spectra. C57BL/6 mice were administered the produced biosurfactants daily at oral dose of 200 mg kg-1 one day after the first bleomycin dose (35 U/kg). We evaluated four study groups: Control, Bleomycin, Bleomycin+SUR, Bleomycin+SLs. After 30 days, lungs from each mouse were sampled for oxidative stress, ELISA, Western blot, histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses. Our results showed that the produced SUR and SLs reduced pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the lungs of bleomycin induced mice as they suppressed SOD, CAT, and GST activities also reduced NF-κβ, TNF-α, and CD68 levels. Furthermore, biosurfactants suppressed the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, and p-JNK fibrotic signaling pathway in pulmonary tissues. Histologically, SUR and SLs protected against lung ECM deposition caused by bleomycin administration. Biosurfactants produced from microbial sources can inhibit the induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amria M Mousa
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed U Nooman
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Gebril
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amr S Al-Kashef
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt.
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16
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Badawy MT, Salama AA, Salama M. Novel Variants Linked to the Prodromal Stage of Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:929. [PMID: 38732343 PMCID: PMC11083733 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The symptoms of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), usually do not occur until substantial neuronal loss occurs. This makes the process of early diagnosis very challenging. Hence, this research used variant call format (VCF) analysis to detect variants and novel genes that could be used as prognostic indicators in the early diagnosis of prodromal PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and we analyzed prodromal patients with gVCF data collected in the 2021 cohort. A total of 304 participants were included, including 100 healthy controls, 146 prodromal genetic individuals, 21 prodromal hyposmia individuals, and 37 prodromal individuals with RBD. A pipeline was developed to process the samples from gVCF to reach variant annotation and pathway and disease association analysis. RESULTS Novel variant percentages were detected in the analyzed prodromal subgroups. The prodromal subgroup analysis revealed novel variations of 1.0%, 1.2%, 0.6%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.4% for the genetic male, genetic female, hyposmia male, hyposmia female, RBD male, and RBD female groups, respectively. Interestingly, 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300, and PPP6R2) that were recently detected in PD patients were detected in the prodromal stage of PD. CONCLUSIONS Genetic biomarkers are crucial for the early detection of Parkinson's disease and its prodromal stage. The novel PD genes detected in prodromal patients could aid in the use of gene biomarkers for early diagnosis of the prodromal stage without relying only on phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa T. Badawy
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Aya A. Salama
- Applied Science, Windows and Web Experience, Microsoft, Cairo 11561, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE), The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 X9W9 Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Yuan D, Bao Y, El-Hashash A. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy in lung diseases; from research to clinic. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2024; 13:37-58. [PMID: 38765802 PMCID: PMC11101986 DOI: 10.62347/jawm2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important for the cell-based therapy of diseased or injured lung due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties as well as limited side effects in experimental animal models. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs have also a remarkable effect on the immune cells, which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple lung diseases, by modulating their activity, proliferation, and functions. In addition, MSCs can inhibit both the infiltrated immune cells and detrimental immune responses in the lung and can be used in treating lung diseases caused by a virus infection such as Tuberculosis and SARS-COV-2. Moreover, MSCs are a source for alveolar epithelial cells such as type 2 (AT2) cells. These MSC-derived functional AT2-like cells can be used to treat and diminish serious lung disorders, including acute lung injury, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis in animal models. As an alternative MSC-based therapy, extracellular vesicles that are derived from MSC-derived can be employed in regenerative medicine. Herein, we discussed the key research findings from recent clinical and preclinical studies on the functions of MSCs in treating some common and well-studied lung diseases. We also discussed the mechanisms underlying MSC-based therapy of well-studied lung diseases, and the recent employment of MSCs in both the attenuation of lung injury/inflammation and promotion of the regeneration of lung alveolar cells after injury. Finally, we described the role of MSC-based therapy in treating major pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia, COPD, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailin Yuan
- Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yufei Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of SydneyDarlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Ahmed El-Hashash
- Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College StationTX 77843-3258, USA
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18
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Bartold K, Iskierko Z, Sharma PS, Lin HY, Kutner W. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Diagnostic routes using novel biomarkers. Biomed J 2024; 47:100729. [PMID: 38657859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis is still the diagnosis of exclusion. Differentiating from other forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is essential, given the various therapeutic approaches. The IPF course is now unpredictable for individual patients, although some genetic factors and several biomarkers have already been associated with various IPF prognoses. Since its early stages, IPF may be asymptomatic, leading to a delayed diagnosis. The present review critically examines the recent literature on molecular biomarkers potentially useful in IPF diagnostics. The examined biomarkers are grouped into breath and sputum biomarkers, serologically assessed extracellular matrix neoepitope markers, and oxidative stress biomarkers in lung tissue. Fibroblasts and complete blood count have also gained recent interest in that respect. Although several biomarker candidates have been profiled, there has yet to be a single biomarker that proved specific to the IPF disease. Nevertheless, various IPF biomarkers have been used in preclinical and clinical trials to verify their predictive and monitoring potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bartold
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Iskierko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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López-Martínez A, Santos-Álvarez JC, Velázquez-Enríquez JM, Ramírez-Hernández AA, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltierrez-Hoyos R. lncRNA-mRNA Co-Expression and Regulation Analysis in Lung Fibroblasts from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38668384 PMCID: PMC11054336 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease marked by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to dysregulated expression of various RNAs in pulmonary fibroblasts. This study utilized RNA-seq data meta-analysis to explore the regulatory network of hub long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in IPF fibroblasts. The meta-analysis unveiled 584 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNA) and 75 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNA) in lung fibroblasts from IPF. Among these, BCL6, EFNB1, EPHB2, FOXO1, FOXO3, GNAI1, IRF4, PIK3R1, and RXRA were identified as hub mRNAs, while AC008708.1, AC091806.1, AL442071.1, FAM111A-DT, and LINC01989 were designated as hub lncRNAs. Functional characterization revealed involvement in TGF-β, PI3K, FOXO, and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, this study identified regulatory interactions between sequences of hub mRNAs and lncRNAs. In summary, the findings suggest that AC008708.1, AC091806.1, FAM111A-DT, LINC01989, and AL442071.1 lncRNAs can regulate BCL6, EFNB1, EPHB2, FOXO1, FOXO3, GNAI1, IRF4, PIK3R1, and RXRA mRNAs in fibroblasts bearing IPF and contribute to fibrosis by modulating crucial signaling pathways such as FoxO signaling, chemical carcinogenesis, longevity regulatory pathways, non-small cell lung cancer, and AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico; (A.L.-M.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (J.M.V.-E.); (A.A.R.-H.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico; (A.L.-M.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (J.M.V.-E.); (A.A.R.-H.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico; (A.L.-M.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (J.M.V.-E.); (A.A.R.-H.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Alma Aurora Ramírez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico; (A.L.-M.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (J.M.V.-E.); (A.A.R.-H.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico; (A.L.-M.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (J.M.V.-E.); (A.A.R.-H.); (V.R.V.-G.)
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltierrez-Hoyos
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico; (A.L.-M.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (J.M.V.-E.); (A.A.R.-H.); (V.R.V.-G.)
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca C.P. 68020, Mexico
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20
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Amirkhosravi A, Mirtajaddini Goki M, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Iranpour M, Torshabi M, Mehrabani M, Mandegary A, Mehrabani M. Combination of losartan with pirfenidone: a protective anti-fibrotic against pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8729. [PMID: 38622264 PMCID: PMC11018867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD), one acceptable medication for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is not well tolerated by patients at full doses. Hence, employing of some approaches such as combination therapy may be applicable for increasing therapeutic efficacy of PFD. Losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, could be a suitable candidate for combination therapy because of its stabilizing effect on the pulmonary function of IPF patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LOS in combination with PFD on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. BLM-exposed rats were treated with LOS alone or in combination with PFD. The edema, pathological changes, level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), collagen content, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the lung tissues. Following BLM exposure, the inflammatory response, collagen levels, and antioxidant markers in rat lung tissues were significantly improved by PFD, and these effects were improved by combination with LOS. The findings of this in vivo study suggest that the combined administration of PFD and LOS may provide more potent protection against IPF than single therapy through boosting its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-oxidant effects. These results hold promise in developing a more effective therapeutic strategy for treating of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Amirkhosravi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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21
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Vang S, Helton ES, Guo Y, Burpee B, Rose E, Easter M, Bollenbecker S, Hirsch MJ, Matthews EL, Jones LI, Howze PH, Rajasekaran V, Denson R, Cochran P, Attah IK, Olson H, Clair G, Melkani G, Krick S, Barnes JW. O-GlcNAc transferase regulates collagen deposition and fibrosis resolution in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387197. [PMID: 38665916 PMCID: PMC11043510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic pulmonary disease that is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g. collagens) in the parenchyma, which ultimately leads to respiratory failure and death. While current therapies exist to slow the progression, no therapies are available to resolve fibrosis. Methods We characterized the O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT)/O-GlcNAc axis in IPF using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and human lung sections and isolated fibroblasts from IPF and non-IPF donors. The underlying mechanism(s) of IPF were further investigated using multiple experimental models to modulate collagen expression and accumulation by genetically and pharmacologically targeting OGT. Furthermore, we hone in on the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) effector molecule, Smad3, by co-expressing it with OGT to determine if it is modified and its subsequent effect on Smad3 activation. Results We found that OGT and O-GlcNAc levels are upregulated in patients with IPF compared to non-IPF. We report that the OGT regulates collagen deposition and fibrosis resolution, which is an evolutionarily conserved process demonstrated across multiple species. Co-expression of OGT and Smad3 showed that Smad3 is O-GlcNAc modified. Blocking OGT activity resulted in decreased phosphorylation at Ser-423/425 of Smad3 attenuating the effects of TGF-β1 induced collagen expression/deposition. Conclusion OGT inhibition or knockdown successfully blocked and reversed collagen expression and accumulation, respectively. Smad3 is discovered to be a substrate of OGT and its O-GlcNAc modification(s) directly affects its phosphorylation state. These data identify OGT as a potential target in pulmonary fibrosis resolution, as well as other diseases that might have aberrant ECM/collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shia Vang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eric Scott Helton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bailey Burpee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elex Rose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Molly Easter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Seth Bollenbecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Meghan June Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Emma Lea Matthews
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Luke Isaac Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Patrick Henry Howze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vasanthi Rajasekaran
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca Denson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Phillip Cochran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Isaac Kwame Attah
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Heather Olson
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jarrod Wesley Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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22
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Pang C, Qiao J, Zeng X, Zou Q, Wei L. Deep Generative Models in De Novo Drug Molecule Generation. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2174-2194. [PMID: 37934070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new drugs has important implications for human health. Traditional methods for drug discovery rely on experiments to optimize the structure of lead molecules, which are time-consuming and high-cost. Recently, artificial intelligence has exhibited promising and efficient performance for drug-like molecule generation. In particular, deep generative models achieve great success in de novo generation of drug-like molecules with desired properties, showing massive potential for novel drug discovery. In this study, we review the recent progress of molecule generation using deep generative models, mainly focusing on molecule representations, public databases, data processing tools, and advanced artificial intelligence based molecule generation frameworks. In particular, we present a comprehensive comparison of state-of-the-art deep generative models for molecule generation and a summary of commonly used molecular design strategies. We identify research gaps and challenges of molecule generation such as the need for better databases, missing 3D information in molecular representation, and the lack of high-precision evaluation metrics. We suggest future directions for molecular generation and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pang
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jianbo Qiao
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zeng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Leyi Wei
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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23
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Lucà S, Pagliuca F, Perrotta F, Ronchi A, Mariniello DF, Natale G, Bianco A, Fiorelli A, Accardo M, Franco R. Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Focus on the Pathologist's Key Role. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3618. [PMID: 38612431 PMCID: PMC11011777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIPs) are a heterogeneous group of the broader category of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs), pathologically characterized by the distortion of lung parenchyma by interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis. The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the IIPs was published in 2002 and then updated in 2013, with the authors emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of IIPs. The histological evaluation of IIPs is challenging, and different types of IIPs are classically associated with specific histopathological patterns. However, morphological overlaps can be observed, and the same histopathological features can be seen in totally different clinical settings. Therefore, the pathologist's aim is to recognize the pathologic-morphologic pattern of disease in this clinical setting, and only after multi-disciplinary evaluation, if there is concordance between clinical and radiological findings, a definitive diagnosis of specific IIP can be established, allowing the optimal clinical-therapeutic management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lucà
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Domenica Francesca Mariniello
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Natale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Marina Accardo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.)
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24
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Cao J, Ma Y, Zhao W, Feng C. Age at menarche and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:117. [PMID: 38448907 PMCID: PMC10916238 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex difference in the incidence rate of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) indicates that estrogen has a certain protective effect on the disease. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of study investigating the association between factors pertaining to endogenous estrogen exposure level, such as age at menarche (AAM) in women, and IPF. Our study intended to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) method to elucidate the causal association between AAM and IPF. METHODS Our study utilized AAM as a measure of endogenous estrogen exposure and investigated its causal effect on the risk of IPF through MR. We employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method to assess the causal relationship between AAM and IPF risk, with supplementary analyses conducted using the weighted median estimator (WME) and MR-Egger method. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the dependability of MR estimates. RESULTS A total of 9 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AAM were selected as instrumental variables. The IVW method showed that genetically later AAM was associated with an increased risk of IPF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0014, 95%confidence interval [CI] = 1.0005-1.0023, p = 0.001). The median weighting method and the MR-Egger method obtained similar estimates, and no heterogeneity or pleiotropy was found, indicating that the results were robust. CONCLUSIONS Our MR study suggested a causal relationship between a later onset of menarche and a heightened susceptibility to IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yazhou Ma
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlai Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Vaeli Zadeh A, Dinparastisaleh R, Vaezi A, Bandyopadhyay D, Rubinstein I, Baig HZ, Calderon-Candelario R, Hashemi Shahraki A, Kawasaki T, Magnusson JM, Larsson LO, Sharafkhaneh A, Herazo-Maya JD, Lee AS, Mirsaeidi M. Risk of 30-Day All-Cause Readmission in Interstitial Lung Disease Patients after COVID-19: National-Level Data. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:428-437. [PMID: 38134434 PMCID: PMC10913765 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202305-491oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hospital readmission within 30 days poses challenges for healthcare providers, policymakers, and patients because of its impact on care quality, costs, and outcomes. Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are particularly affected by readmission, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. Because small sample sizes have hindered previous studies, this study seeks to address this gap in knowledge by examining a large-scale dataset. Objective: To determine the rate and probability of 30-day all-cause readmission and secondary outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or ILD admitted to the hospital. Methods: This study is a nested cohort study that used the PearlDiver patient records database. Adult patients (age ⩾18 yr) who were admitted to hospitals in 28 states in the United States with COVID-19 or ILD diagnoses were included. We defined and analyzed two separate cohorts in this study. The first cohort consisted of patients with COVID-19 and was later divided into two groups with or without a history of ILD. The second cohort consisted of patients with ILD and was later divided into groups with COVID-19 or with a non-COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis at admission. We also studied two other subcohorts of patients with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis within the second cohort. Propensity score matching was employed to match confounders between groups. The Kaplan-Meier log rank test was applied to compare the probabilities of outcomes. Results: We assessed the data of 2,286,775 patients with COVID-19 and 118,892 patients with ILD. We found that patients with COVID-19 with preexisting ILD had an odds ratio of 1.6 for 30-day all-cause readmission. Similarly, an odds ratio of 2.42 in readmission rates was observed among hospitalized individuals with ILD who contracted COVID-19 compared with those who were hospitalized for non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Our study also found a significantly higher probability of intensive care admission among patients in both cohorts. Conclusions: Patients with ILD face heightened rates of hospital readmissions, particularly when ILD is combined with COVID-19, resulting in adverse outcomes such as decreased quality of life and increased healthcare expenses. It is imperative to prioritize preventive measures against COVID-19 and establish effective postdischarge care strategies for patients with ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vaeli Zadeh
- University of Miami at Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Roshan Dinparastisaleh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, College of Medicine – Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Atefeh Vaezi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, College of Medicine – Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Israel Rubinstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hassan Z. Baig
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Abdolrazagh Hashemi Shahraki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, College of Medicine – Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Jesper M. Magnusson
- Department of Pulmonology, Institute of Medicine, Shagreens Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Larsson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Amir Sharafkhaneh
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Medicine and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jose D. Herazo-Maya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Augustine S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, College of Medicine – Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
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26
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Zhu M, Zhao L, Zhang X, Zhao R. Astragaloside IV restrains pulmonary fibrosis progression via the circ_0008898/miR-211-5p/HMGB1 axis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14508. [PMID: 38514749 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a fatal lung disease with complicated pathogenesis. Astragaloside IV (ASV) has been discovered to alleviate PF progression, and the potential molecular mechanism of ASV in the development of PF need to be further clarified. Bleomycin (BLM) was used to construct PF in vivo model. Expression levels of circ_0008898, miR-211-5p, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), alpha smooth muscle Actin (α-SMA) and Collagen I were examined by Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell survival was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) assay. The invasion abilities were investigated by transwell assay. The levels of inflammatory factors were tested via using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between circ_0008898 or HMGB1 and miR-211-5p was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that ASV attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. In vitro study, ASV alleviated TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in HFL1 cells. Circ_0008898 was increased in TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cells. ASV-induced impacts were abrogated by circ_0008898 overexpression in TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cells. Mechanistically, circ_0008898 competitively bound to miR-211-5p to increase the expression of its target HMGB1. MiR-211-5p deficiency rescued ASV-mediated effects in TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cells. In addition, HMGB1 overexpression partially overturned circ_0008898 interference-induced impacts in HFL1 cells upon TGF-β1 treatment. In conclusion, our work manifested that ASV hindered PF process by mediating the circ_0008898/miR-211-5p/HMGB1 network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
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27
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Lv H, Qian X, Tao Z, Shu J, Shi D, Yu J, Fan G, Qian Q, Shen L, Lu B. HOXA5-induced lncRNA DNM3OS promotes human embryo lung fibroblast fibrosis via recruiting EZH2 to epigenetically suppress TSC2 expression. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1234-1246. [PMID: 38505042 PMCID: PMC10944743 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an unrepairable disease that results in lung dysfunction and decreased quality of life. Prevention of pulmonary fibrosis is challenging, while its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DNM3OS/Antisense RNA in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) and wound healing assays were employed to evaluate the role of DNM3OS on cell proliferation and migration. Western blot detected the proteins expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and fibronectin. The interactions among genes were evaluated by RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chromatin Isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) assays. Results DNM3OS was upregulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DNM3OS knockdown repressed the growth and migration of lung fibroblast, and fibrotic gene expression (CoL1α1, CoL3α1, α-SMA, vimentin, and fibronectin), while suppression of TSC2 accelerated the above process. DNM3OS recruited EZH2 to the promoter region of TSC2, increased the occupancy of EZH2 and H3K27me3, and thereby suppressed the expression of TSC2. HOXA5 promoted the transcription of DNM3OS. Conclusions HOXA5-induced DNM3OS promoted the proliferation, migration, and expression of fibrosis-related genes in human embryo lung fibroblast via recruiting EZH2 to epigenetically suppress the expression of TSC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Xingjia Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Zhengzheng Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Jun Shu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Guiqin Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Luhong Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
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Miura S, Iwamoto H, Namba M, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto S, Horimasu Y, Masuda T, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. High S100A9 level predicts poor survival, and the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod is a candidate for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e001803. [PMID: 38378778 PMCID: PMC10882411 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100A9 is a damage-associated molecular pattern protein that may play an important role in the inflammatory response and fibrotic processes. Paquinimod is an immunomodulatory compound that prevents S100A9 activity. Its safety and pharmacokinetics have been confirmed in human clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effects of paquinimod in preventing the development of lung fibrosis in vivo and examined the prognostic values of circulatory and lung S100A9 levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS The expression and localisation of S100A9 and the preventive effect of S100A9 inhibition on fibrosis development were investigated in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In this retrospective cohort study, the S100A9 levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 76 and 55 patients with IPF, respectively, were examined for associations with patient survival. RESULTS S100A9 expression was increased in the mouse lungs, especially in the inflammatory cells and fibrotic interstitium, after bleomycin administration. Treatment with paquinimod ameliorated fibrotic pathological changes and significantly reduced hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, we found that paquinimod reduced the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF and suppressed endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox hazard proportion analyses revealed that high levels of S100A9 in the serum and BALF were significantly associated with poor prognoses in patients with IPF (Kaplan-Meier curve analysis: p=0.037 (serum) and 0.019 (BALF); multivariate Cox hazard proportion analysis: HR=3.88, 95% CI=1.06 to 14.21, p=0.041 (serum); HR=2.73, 95% CI=1.05 to 7.10, p=0.039 (BALF)). CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that increased S100A9 expression is associated with IPF progression and that the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod is a potential treatment for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Miura
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Namba
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Imaduddin UK, Berbudi A, Rohmawaty E. The Effect of Physalis angulata L. Administration on Gene Expressions Related to Lung Fibrosis Resolution in Mice-Induced Bleomycin. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:49-60. [PMID: 38317831 PMCID: PMC10840535 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s439932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the potential therapeutic effects of Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan) extract on lung fibrosis resolution in a Bleomycin-induced mouse model, researchers conducted a comprehensive study. The study focused on key genes associated with fibrosis progression, including Nox4, Mmp8, Klf4, and FAS, and assessed their mRNA expression levels following the administration of Ciplukan extract. Methods A Bleomycin-induced mice model was divided into seven groups to investigate the effects of ciplukan extract on fibrosis-related gene expressions. Mice were induced with subcutaneously injected Bleomycin to generate lung fibrosis and given different doses of the Ciplukan extract for four weeks. Lung fibrosis mRNA expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative PCR for Nox4, Klf4, Mmp8, and FAS. Results The administration of ciplukan extract resulted in a significant decrease in mRNA expression of Nox4 with p-value=0.000, Mmp8 with p-value =0.002, and Klf4 with p-value =0.007, indicating potential antifibrotic effects. However, FAS expression remained unchanged (p-value=0.127). Conclusion Ciplukan extract exhibited promising effects on fibrosis-related gene expressions, particularly Nox4, Mmp8, and Klf4. This study suggests that the extract has the potential to intervene in fibrosis progression, offering a potential avenue for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummul Khair Imaduddin
- Graduate School of Master Program in Anti Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Afiat Berbudi
- Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Enny Rohmawaty
- Pharmacology & Therapy Division, Departement of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Wei CR, Jalali I, Singh J, Nagaraj A, Dari MA, Mekonen Gdey M, Bai M, Palleti SK. Exploring the Prevalence and Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e54562. [PMID: 38516439 PMCID: PMC10957153 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to scrutinize the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in individuals with ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA). Two independent researchers systematically searched major databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, from January 1, 2000, until December 31, 2023. We included all studies involving adult patients (age >18 years) with IPF that assessed the prevalence and characteristics of OSA in IPF patients. A total of seven studies involving a pooled sample of 411 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of OSA among individuals with IPF was found to be 70% (95% CI: 59 to 82%). Individuals with OSA exhibited a significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) compared to their counterparts. While individuals with both IPF and OSA exhibited higher scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) compared to those with IPF alone, the OSA group also showed lower oxygen saturation during sleep in comparison to non-OSA patients. In summary, OSA is a prevalent coexisting condition among individuals with IPF. This presence could worsen the nighttime oxygen saturation. Consequently, there is a need for more extensive studies involving more uniform participant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R Wei
- Research and Development, Shing Huei Group, Taipei, TWN
| | - Illahay Jalali
- Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Jovanpreet Singh
- Internal Medicine, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
| | - Aishwarya Nagaraj
- Surgery, Pharmacology, Our Lady of Fatima University, Bangalore, IND
| | - Mohammedsefa A Dari
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | | | - Monika Bai
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, Larkana, PAK
| | - Sujith K Palleti
- Nephrology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Liao YW, Chen YM, Liu MC, Wu YC, Hsu CY, Fu PK, Huang WN, Chen YH. Multidisciplinary-derived clinical score for accurate prediction of long-term mortality in fibrotic lung disease patients. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:69. [PMID: 38245785 PMCID: PMC10799536 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) stands out as one of the most aggressive forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), currently without a definitive cure. Multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) is now considered a cornerstone in diagnosing and differentiating ILD subtypes. The Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) score, developed to assess IPF prognosis based on sex, age, forced vital capacity, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), is limited in not considering dyspnea and functional impairment during the walking test. We proposed a MDD-based clinical score for mortality prediction among those patients. METHODS From December 2018 to December 2019, we enrolled ILD patients with IPF and non-IPF and followed-up them till December 2020. Based on DLCO, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale, and six-minute walking test (6MWT) distance, a functional score was developed for mortality prediction. RESULTS We enrolled 104 ILD patients, 12 (11.5%) died by the one-year follow-up. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, DLCO (% predicted) was the most accurate variable predicting one-year mortality with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-0.94), followed by mMRC Dyspnea Score (AUC = 0.82 [95% CI = 0.73-0.89]), 6MWT distance (AUC = 0.80 [95% CI = 0.71-0.88]), and GAP score (AUC = 0.77 [95% CI = 0.67-0.84]). Only the GAP score (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.03-2.34, p = 0.0.37) and functional score (HR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.11-10.73, p = 0.032) were significantly associated with one-year mortality in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The clinical score composite of DLCO, mMRC Dyspnea Scale, and 6MWT distance could provide an accurate prediction for long-term mortality in ILD patients, laying out a helpful tool for managing and following these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wan Liao
- Integrated Care Center of Interstitial Lung Disease, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Translation Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Wu
- Integrated Care Center of Interstitial Lung Disease, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Biostatistics Task Force, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Kuei Fu
- Integrated Care Center of Interstitial Lung Disease, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 407219, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Integrated Care Center of Interstitial Lung Disease, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Integrated Care Center of Interstitial Lung Disease, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40200, Taiwan
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Ghafouri‐Fard S, Askari A, Shoorei H, Seify M, Koohestanidehaghi Y, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Samsami M. Antioxidant therapy against TGF-β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18052. [PMID: 38041559 PMCID: PMC10826439 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to excessive build-up of scar tissue and extracellular matrix components in different organs. In recent years, it has been revealed that different cytokines and chemokines, especially Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. It has been shown that TGF-β is upregulated in fibrotic tissues, and contributes to fibrosis by mediating pathways that are related to matrix preservation and fibroblasts differentiation. There is no doubt that antioxidants protect against different inflammatory conditions by reversing the effects of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur-based reactive elements. Oxidative stress has a direct impact on chronic inflammation, and as results, prolonged inflammation ultimately results in fibrosis. Different types of antioxidants, in the forms of vitamins, natural compounds or synthetic ones, have been proven to be beneficial in the protection against fibrotic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we reviewed the role of different compounds with antioxidant activity in induction or inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD signalling pathway, with regard to different fibrotic conditions such as gastro-intestinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis and also some rare cases of fibrosis, both in animal models and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arian Askari
- Phytochemistry Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr HospitalTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad Seify
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences InstituteShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Yeganeh Koohestanidehaghi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences InstituteShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of PharmacyHawler Medical UniversityErbilIraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human GeneticsJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Urology and Nephrology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Shahin AH, Zhao A, Whitehead AC, Alexander DC, Jacob J, Barber D. CenTime: Event-conditional modelling of censoring in survival analysis. Med Image Anal 2024; 91:103016. [PMID: 37913577 PMCID: PMC11158009 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Survival analysis is a valuable tool for estimating the time until specific events, such as death or cancer recurrence, based on baseline observations. This is particularly useful in healthcare to prognostically predict clinically important events based on patient data. However, existing approaches often have limitations; some focus only on ranking patients by survivability, neglecting to estimate the actual event time, while others treat the problem as a classification task, ignoring the inherent time-ordered structure of the events. Additionally, the effective utilisation of censored samples-data points where the event time is unknown- is essential for enhancing the model's predictive accuracy. In this paper, we introduce CenTime, a novel approach to survival analysis that directly estimates the time to event. Our method features an innovative event-conditional censoring mechanism that performs robustly even when uncensored data is scarce. We demonstrate that our approach forms a consistent estimator for the event model parameters, even in the absence of uncensored data. Furthermore, CenTime is easily integrated with deep learning models with no restrictions on batch size or the number of uncensored samples. We compare our approach to standard survival analysis methods, including the Cox proportional-hazard model and DeepHit. Our results indicate that CenTime offers state-of-the-art performance in predicting time-to-death while maintaining comparable ranking performance. Our implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/ahmedhshahin/CenTime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Shahin
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK.
| | - An Zhao
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK; Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Barber
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, UK
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Ma N, Zhang M, Xu G, Zhang L, Luo M, Luo M, Wang X, Tang H, Wang X, Liu L, Zhong X, Feng J, Li Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Type II Alveolar Epithelial Progenitor Cells Attenuate LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Reduce P63 Expression. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:245-256. [PMID: 37138488 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230501234836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical respiratory-failure disease mainly characterized by acute damage to the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential regenerative strategy for ARDS/ALI, however, the outcome is limited, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. INTRODUCTION We established a differentiation system for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellderived (BM-MSC) type II alveolar epithelial progenitor cells (AECIIs) and assessed their regulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. METHODS We induced BM-MSC differentiation into AECIIs using a specific conditioned medium. After 26 days of differentiation, 3×105 BM-MSC-AECIIs were used to treat mice with LPS-induced ALI through tracheal injection. RESULTS After tracheal injection, BM-MSC-AECIIs migrated to the perialveolar area and reduced LPSinduced lung inflammation and pathological injury. RNA-seq suggested that P63 protein was involved in the effects of BM-MSC-AECIIs on lung inflammation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BM-MSC-AECIIs may reduce LPS-induced acute lung injury by decreasing P63 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Luo
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
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Kozawa S, Tejima K, Takagi S, Kuroda M, Nogami-Itoh M, Kitamura H, Niwa T, Ogura T, Natsume-Kitatani Y, Sato TN. Latent inter-organ mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis unveiled by a generative computational approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21981. [PMID: 38081956 PMCID: PMC10713585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by complex lung pathogenesis affecting approximately three million people worldwide. While the molecular and cellular details of the IPF mechanism is emerging, our current understanding is centered around the lung itself. On the other hand, many human diseases are the products of complex multi-organ interactions. Hence, we postulate that a dysfunctional crosstalk of the lung with other organs plays a causative role in the onset, progression and/or complications of IPF. In this study, we employed a generative computational approach to identify such inter-organ mechanism of IPF. This approach found unexpected molecular relatedness of IPF to neoplasm, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, as a potential mechanism underlying this relatedness, we uncovered a putative molecular crosstalk system across the lung and the liver. In this inter-organ system, a secreted protein, kininogen 1, from hepatocytes in the liver interacts with its receptor, bradykinin receptor B1 in the lung. This ligand-receptor interaction across the liver and the lung leads to the activation of calmodulin pathways in the lung, leading to the activation of interleukin 6 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 pathway across these organs. Importantly, we retrospectively identified several pre-clinical and clinical evidence supporting this inter-organ mechanism of IPF. In conclusion, such feedforward and feedback loop system across the lung and the liver provides a unique opportunity for the development of the treatment and/or diagnosis of IPF. Furthermore, the result illustrates a generative computational framework for machine-mediated synthesis of mechanisms that facilitates and complements the traditional experimental approaches in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kozawa
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Tejima
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunki Takagi
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuroda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Nogami-Itoh
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yayoi Natsume-Kitatani
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Thomas N Sato
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan.
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan.
- V-iCliniX Laboratory, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Xu Y, Zheng J. Saikosaponin-d regulates angiogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through angiopoietin/Tie-2 pathway. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152100. [PMID: 37837833 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered as a chronic interstitial lung disease with underlying mechanism of IPF remaining unclear, while there are no definitive treatment options. In recent years, scientists have gradually paid attention to the influence of angiogenesis on IPF. Because IPF is a progressive with microvascular remodeling disorder, scientists have postulated that angiogenesis may also be one of the initiating and contributing factors of the disease. Bupleurum is a common natural Chinese herbal medicine with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects. As the most important active monomer of Bupleurum, Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is a new discovery with anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF) activity. This study attempts to investigate the role of SSd in the interference of PF through regulation of angiogenesis in IPF through Angiopoietin (Angpt) /Tie receptor 2 (Tie2) pathway. METHODS Randomly, we allocated C57BL/6 mice into four groups (n = 20 in each group). Afterwards, establishment of IPF model was accomplished via intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg), while corresponding drug intervention was given accordingly. On 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after modeling, we performed histopathological examination through staining. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of PF and the expression of related factors were observed, while Ang/Tie2 pathway was assessed by ELISA with the effect of SSd on angiogenesis related proteins in IPF being explored with IHC and Western Blot technique. RESULTS Our results showed that SSd could reduce inflammation and PF levels in lung tissue of experimental mice, while levels of angiogenesis-related factors, namely Tie-2, Ang-1 and ANGPT2 (Ang-2), fibrosis- associated factors like Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-I and hydroxyproline in SSd and dexamethasone (DXM) mice were significantly reduced at each time point compared to BLM (p < 0.01). Additionally, we discovered substantial decreased expressions of Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, α-SMA and collagen-I at protein level in SSd and DXM mice at each time point compared to BLM (p < 0.05). Besides, insignificant differences were observed between SSd and DXM groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that SSd could down-regulate the expression of ANG-1, Ang-2 and Tie2 in the Ang/Tie2 pathway, and may reduce lung inflammation and PF in BLM-induced mice via inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 1000 Hefeng Road, Binhu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Dadao, Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu 215631, China
| | - Xintian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Jinxu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu 212000, China.
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Zhong B, Luo S. Identifying the link between serum VEGF and KL-6 concentrations: a correlation analysis for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung disease progression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1282757. [PMID: 38105892 PMCID: PMC10722179 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1282757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung disease (IPF-ILD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition and fibrotic changes in the lungs. Identifying reliable serum markers that correlate with disease progression is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis. Objective This study aimed to explore the association between serum markers KL-6 and VEGF and IPF-ILD. Specifically, it assessed their correlation with PaO2, a measure of pulmonary gas function, to provide diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Methods Patients with IPF-ILD were included, and their serum levels of KL-6 and VEGF were measured. Correlations with fibrotic damage and PaO2 were analyzed using statistical methods. Results The analysis confirmed a positive correlation between the serum marker KL-6 and the degree of fibrotic damage in IPF-ILD. On the other hand, the serum marker VEGF was found to promote disease progression. In terms of correlation with PaO2, both KL-6 and VEGF demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Specifically, the correlation between KL-6 and PaO2 suggests that it can be used as a reliable indicator to assess the status of pulmonary oxygenation function in patients with ILD. The correlation between VEGF and PaO2 helps to understand its role in the progression of IPF-ILD and provides an important basis for predicting patient prognosis. Conclusion This study confirmed the correlation between KL-6 and VEGF with IPF-ILD and their association with PaO2. KL-6 and VEGF demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing, monitoring, and predicting prognosis in IPF-ILD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the disease and have clinical implications for diagnosis and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuixiang Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Chen P, Xie L, Ma L, Zhao X, Chen Y, Ge Z. Prediction and analysis of genetic effect in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. IET Syst Biol 2023; 17:352-365. [PMID: 37907428 PMCID: PMC10725712 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing research on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), more and more studies have indicated that GERD is associated with IPF, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to identify and analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPF and GERD and explore the relevant molecular mechanisms via bioinformatics analysis. Four GEO datasets (GSE24206, GSE53845, GSE26886, and GSE39491) were downloaded from the GEO database, and DEGs between IPF and GERD were identified with the online tool GEO2R. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses are conducted, including Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses, the PPI network, biological characteristics, TF-gene interactions, TF-miRNA coregulatory networks, and the prediction of drug molecules. Totally, 71 genes were identified as DEGs in IPF and GERD. Five KEGG pathways, including Amoebiasis, Protein digestion and absorption, Relaxin signalling pathway, AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, and Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, were significantly enriched. In addition, eight hub genes, including POSTN, MMP1, COL3A1, COL1A2, CXCL12, TIMP3, VCAM1, and COL1A1 were selected from the PPI network by Cytoscape software. Then, five hub genes (MMP1, POSTN, COL3A1, COL1A2, and COL1A1) with high diagnostic values for IPF and GERD were validated by GEO datasets. Finally, TF-gene and miRNA interaction was identified with hub genes and predicted drug molecules for the IPF and GERD. And the results suggest that cetirizine, luteolin, and pempidine may have great potential therapeutic value in IPF and GERD. This study will provide novel strategies for the identification of potential biomarkers and valuable therapeutic targets for IPF and GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWenzhou People's HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Lubin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Leikai Ma
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst People's Hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhouling Ge
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWenzhou People's HospitalWenzhouChina
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Wang B, Gao Y, Sun L, Xue M, Wang M, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhang H. Inhaled pulmonary surfactant biomimetic liposomes for reversing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through synergistic therapeutic strategy. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122404. [PMID: 37992600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) stands as a highly heterogeneous and deadly lung disease, yet the available treatment options remain limited. Combining myofibroblast inhibition with ROS modulation in damaged AECs offers a comprehensive strategy to halt IPF progression, but delivering drugs separately to these cell types is challenging. Inspired by the successful application of pulmonary surfactant (PS) replacement therapy in lung disease treatment, we have developed PS nano-biomimetic liposomes (PSBs) to utilize its natural transport pathway for targeting AECs while reducing lung tissue clearance. In this collaborative pulmonary drug delivery system, PSBs composed of DPPC/POPG/DPPG/CHO (20:9:5:4) were formulated for inhalation. These PSBs loaded with ROS-scavenger astaxanthin (AST) and anti-fibrosis drug pirfenidone (PFD) were aerosolized for precise quantification and mimicking patient inhalation. Through aerosol inhalation, the lipid membrane of PSBs gradually fused with natural PS, enabling AST delivery to AECs by hitchhiking with PS circulation. Simultaneously, PFD was released within the PS barrier, effectively penetrating lung tissue to exert therapeutic effects. In vivo results have shown that PSBs offer numerous therapeutic advantages in mice with IPF, particularly in terms of lung function recovery. This approach addresses the challenges of drug delivery to specific lung cells and offers potential benefits for IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Thiam F, Phogat S, Abokor FA, Osei ET. In vitro co-culture studies and the crucial role of fibroblast-immune cell crosstalk in IPF pathogenesis. Respir Res 2023; 24:298. [PMID: 38012580 PMCID: PMC10680329 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IPF is a fatal lung disease characterized by intensive remodeling of lung tissue leading to respiratory failure. The remodeling in IPF lungs is largely characterized by uncontrolled fibrosis. Fibroblasts and their contractile phenotype the myofibroblast are the main cell types responsible for typical wound healing responses, however in IPF, these responses are aberrant and result in the overactivation of fibroblasts which contributes to the inelasticity of the lung leading to a decrease in lung function. The specific mechanisms behind IPF pathogenesis have been elusive, but recently the innate and adaptive immunity have been implicated in the fibrotic processes of the disease. In connection with this, several in vitro co-culture models have been used to investigate the specific interactions occurring between fibroblasts and immune cells and how this contributes to the pathobiology of IPF. In this review, we discuss the in vitro models that have been used to examine the abnormal interactions between fibroblasts and cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, and how these contribute to the fibrotic processes in the lungs of IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fama Thiam
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Sakshi Phogat
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Filsan Ahmed Abokor
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Twumasi Osei
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC366, Kelowna, BC, V1V1V7, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Zamfir AS, Zabara ML, Arcana RI, Cernomaz TA, Zabara-Antal A, Marcu MTD, Trofor A, Zamfir CL, Crișan-Dabija R. Exploring the Role of Biomarkers Associated with Alveolar Damage and Dysfunction in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38003922 PMCID: PMC10672103 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), marked by an ongoing, chronic fibrotic process within the lung tissue. IPF leads to an irreversible deterioration of lung function, ultimately resulting in an increased mortality rate. Therefore, the focus has shifted towards the biomarkers that might contribute to the early diagnosis, risk assessment, prognosis, and tracking of the treatment progress, including those associated with epithelial injury. METHODS We conducted this review through a systematic search of the relevant literature using established databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected articles were assessed, with data extracted and synthesized to provide an overview of the current understanding of the existing biomarkers for IPF. RESULTS Signs of epithelial cell damage hold promise as relevant biomarkers for IPF, consequently offering valuable support in its clinical care. Their global and standardized utilization remains limited due to a lack of comprehensive information of their implications in IPF. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing the aggressive nature of IPF among interstitial lung diseases and its profound impact on lung function and mortality, the exploration of biomarkers becomes pivotal for early diagnosis, risk assessment, prognostic evaluation, and therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Simona Zamfir
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Lucian Zabara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinic of Surgery (II), St. Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Arcana
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tudor Andrei Cernomaz
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Zabara-Antal
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Traian Dragoș Marcu
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Antigona Trofor
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Lăcrămioara Zamfir
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Crișan-Dabija
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-S.Z.); (R.I.A.); (A.T.); (R.C.-D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Xu Y, Lan P, Wang T. The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1984. [PMID: 38004032 PMCID: PMC10672798 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease of unknown etiology with limited treatment options. The role of the immune system in IPF has received increasing attention. Uncontrolled immune responses drive the onset and progression of IPF. This article provides an overview of the role of innate immune cells (including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, nature killer cells, nature kill cells and γδ T cells) and adaptive immune cells (including Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th9 cells, Th17 cells, Th22 cells, cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes and Treg cells) in IPF. In addition, we review the current status of pharmacological treatments for IPF and new developments in immunotherapy. A deeper comprehension of the immune system's function in IPF may contribute to the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies that can alter the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- The Center for Biomedical Research, National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- The Center for Biomedical Research, National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Xiao T, Gao D, Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, He Y, Wei L, Li H, Zhou H, Yang C. Flavokawain A ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:175981. [PMID: 37579968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive fibrotic lung disease characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition that has a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. Flavokawain A(FKA) is the major component of chalcone in kava extract. FKA has been reported to inhibit TGF-β1-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis by suppressing ROS production in A7r5 cells, but the role and mechanism of FKA in pulmonary fibrosis are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FKA on pulmonary fibrosis using an animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and showed that FKA alleviated the development of pulmonary fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner and improved lung function as well as collagen deposition and extracellular matrix accumulation in mice. In vitro studies showed that FKA inhibited myofibroblast activation and lung fibrosis progression by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we identified CXCL12 as a potential target of FKA through target prediction. Molecular docking, CETSA(cellular thermal displacement assay) and silver staining assays further demonstrated that FKA could interact with CXCL12 and that FKA could inhibit CXCL12 dimerization in vitro. Further analysis revealed that FKA could inhibit fibroblast activation and reduce extracellular matrix (ECM) production and collagen deposition by blocking CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, and knocking down CXCR4 expression could weaken the inhibitory effect of FKA on CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction. In conclusion, our study showed that FKA inhibited CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling by inhibiting CXCL12 dimerization, blocked the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway and inhibited the TGF-β1-mediated signaling pathway to ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis, and FKA is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Dandi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Yiming He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Luqing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, No. 7 Beiyi Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, No. 7 Beiyi Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
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O'Callaghan M, Duignan J, Tarling EJ, Waters DK, McStay M, O'Carroll O, Bridges JP, Redente EF, Franciosi AN, McGrath EE, Butler MW, Dodd JD, Fabre A, Murphy DJ, Keane MP, McCarthy C. Analysis of tissue lipidomics and computed tomography pulmonary fat attenuation volume (CT PFAV ) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2023; 28:1043-1052. [PMID: 37642207 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is increasing interest in the role of lipids in processes that modulate lung fibrosis with evidence of lipid deposition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) histological specimens. The aim of this study was to identify measurable markers of pulmonary lipid that may have utility as IPF biomarkers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS IPF and control lung biopsy specimens were analysed using a unbiased lipidomic approach. Pulmonary fat attenuation volume (PFAV) was assessed on chest CT images (CTPFAV ) with 3D semi-automated lung density software. Aerated lung was semi-automatically segmented and CTPFAV calculated using a Hounsfield-unit (-40 to -200HU) threshold range expressed as a percentage of total lung volume. CTPFAV was compared to pulmonary function, serum lipids and qualitative CT fibrosis scores. RESULTS There was a significant increase in total lipid content on histological analysis of IPF lung tissue (23.16 nmol/mg) compared to controls (18.66 mol/mg, p = 0.0317). The median CTPFAV in IPF was higher than controls (1.34% vs. 0.72%, p < 0.001) and CTPFAV correlated significantly with DLCO% predicted (R2 = 0.356, p < 0.0001) and FVC% predicted (R2 = 0.407, p < 0.0001) in patients with IPF. CTPFAV correlated with CT features of fibrosis; higher CTPFAV was associated with >10% reticulation (1.6% vs. 0.94%, p = 0.0017) and >10% honeycombing (1.87% vs. 1.12%, p = 0.0003). CTPFAV showed no correlation with serum lipids. CONCLUSION CTPFAV is an easily quantifiable non-invasive measure of pulmonary lipids. In this pilot study, CTPFAV correlates with pulmonary function and radiological features of IPF and could function as a potential biomarker for IPF disease severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa O'Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Duignan
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Darragh K Waters
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan McStay
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Carroll
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P Bridges
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Alessandro N Franciosi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmet E McGrath
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcus W Butler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan D Dodd
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Murphy
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu H, Lai W, Nie H, Shi Y, Zhu L, Yang L, Tian L, Li K, Bian L, Xi Z, Lin B. PM 2.5 triggers autophagic degradation of Caveolin-1 via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) to enhance the TGF-β1/Smad3 axis promoting pulmonary fibrosis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108290. [PMID: 37924604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is highly associated with respiratory diseases. However, the influence and mechanism of particulate matter with aerodynamic equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in lung homeostasis remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated the induction of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) by PM2.5 exposure. The animal model showed that PM2.5 exposure could activate the oxidative stress and inflammation response, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and accumulation of collagen, high expression of pro-fibrotic factors, and pathological characteristics of fibrosis. The proteomic analysis indicated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and many differential proteins were enriched in the TGF-β1/Smad, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy pathways. Combining in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was found that PM2.5 exposure could reduce Cav-1 protein levels and activate TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways through ERS and autophagy pathways, thereby inducing cell apoptosis and promoting pulmonary fibrosis. However, inhibiting ERS could alleviate the occurrence of autophagy, and blocking the autophagy system could increase the level of Cav-1 protein and inhibit TGF- β 1/Smad3 signaling pathway to improve pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we demonstrated that the exposure of PM2.5 could enhance the ERS induced-autophagy-mediated Cav-1 degradation, thus activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 axis to promote pneumonocytes apoptosis and overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM), finally aggravating PF. Moreover, our findings revealed that intermittent exposure to high doses of PM2.5 was more toxic than continuous exposure to low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huipeng Nie
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Ranasinghe P, Addison ML, Dear JW, Webb DJ. Small interfering RNA: Discovery, pharmacology and clinical development-An introductory review. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2697-2720. [PMID: 36250252 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene silencing targets and degrades mRNA transcripts, silencing the expression of specific genes. RNA interference technology, using synthetic structurally well-defined short double-stranded RNA (small interfering RNA [siRNA]), has advanced rapidly in recent years. This introductory review describes the utility of siRNA, by exploring the underpinning biology, pharmacology, recent advances and clinical developments, alongside potential limitations and ongoing challenges. Mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex, siRNAs bind to specific complementary mRNAs, which are subsequently degraded. siRNA therapy offers advantages over other therapeutic approaches, including ability of specifically designed siRNAs to potentially target any mRNA and improved patient adherence through infrequent administration associated with a very long duration of action. Key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic challenges include targeted administration, poor tissue penetration, nuclease inactivation, rapid renal elimination, immune activation and off-target effects. These have been overcome by chemical modification of siRNA and/or by utilising a range of delivery systems, increasing bioavailability and stability to allow successful clinical translation. Patisiran (hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis) was the first licensed siRNA, followed by givosiran (acute hepatic porphyria), lumasiran (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) and inclisiran (familial hypercholesterolaemia), which all use N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linkage for effective liver-directed delivery. Others are currently under development for indications varying from rare genetic diseases to common chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, cancer). Technological advances are paving the way for broader clinical use. Ongoing challenges remain in targeting organs beyond the liver and reaching special sites (e.g., brain). By overcoming these barriers, siRNA therapy has the potential to substantially widen its therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melisande L Addison
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James W Dear
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Webb
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Velázquez-Enríquez JM, Reyes-Avendaño I, Santos-Álvarez JC, Reyes-Jiménez E, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R. Identification of Hub Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Their Association with Lung Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:407-431. [PMID: 37887075 PMCID: PMC10604190 DOI: 10.3390/arm91050032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible disease with a high mortality rate worldwide. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of IPF have not yet been fully described. Moreover, lung cancer is a significant complication of IPF and is associated with increased mortality. Nevertheless, identifying common genes involved in developing IPF and its progression to lung cancer remains an unmet need. The present study aimed to identify hub genes related to the development of IPF by meta-analysis. In addition, we analyzed their expression and their relationship with patients' progression in lung cancer. METHOD Microarray datasets GSE24206, GSE21369, GSE110147, GSE72073, and GSE32539 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Next, we conducted a series of bioinformatics analysis to explore possible hub genes in IPF and evaluated the expression of hub genes in lung cancer and their relationship with the progression of different stages of cancer. RESULTS A total of 1888 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1105 upregulated and 783 downregulated genes. The 10 hub genes that exhibited a high degree of connectivity from the PPI network were identified. Analysis of the KEGG pathways showed that hub genes correlate with pathways such as the ECM-receptor interaction. Finally, we found that these hub genes are expressed in lung cancer and are associated with the progression of different stages of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Based on the integration of GEO microarray datasets, the present study identified DEGs and hub genes that could play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IPF and its association with the development of lung cancer in these patients, which could be considered potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Itayetzi Reyes-Avendaño
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Edilburga Reyes-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
- CONAHCYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
- CONAHCYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Yang G, Shi J, Wang F, Xu Z, Jing H. 99mTc-Labeled FAPI SPECT Imaging in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Preliminary Results. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1434. [PMID: 37895905 PMCID: PMC10610005 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a poor prognosis, presenting the most aggressive form of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Activated fibroblasts are crucial for pathological processes. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor (FAPI) tracers would be promising imaging agents for these diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 99mTc-labeled FAPI tracer, 99mTc-HFAPI imaging in IPF patients. METHODS Eleven IPF patients (nine males and two females; age range 55-75 year) were included in this pilot study. 99mTc-HFAPI serial whole-body scintigraphy at 5 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 6 h was acquired for dynamic biodistribution and dosimetry estimation in seven representative patients. SPECT/CT tomography fusion imaging of the chest region was performed in all patients at 4 h post-injection, which was considered as the optimal acquisition time. Dosimetry was calculated using OLINDA/EXM software (version 2.0; HERMES Medical Solutions). The quantified or semi-quantified standardized uptake values (SUVs) and lesion-to-background ratios (LBRs) of affected lung parenchyma were also calculated. The high-resolution CT (HRCT) stage was determined with visual evaluation, and the total HRCT score of each patient was measured using a weighting factor formula. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were recorded as well. Then, the relationships between the 99mTc-HFAPI results, disease extent on HRCT, and PFT results were investigated. RESULTS Normal physiological uptake of 99mTc-HFAPI was observed mainly in the liver, intestinal tract, pancreas, gallbladder, and to a lesser extent in the spleen, kidneys, and thyroid, with no apparent retention in the blood circulation at the late time point. The mean injected activity of 99mTc-HFAPI was 813.4 MBq (range 695.6-888.0 MBq). No subjective side effects were noticed. The average whole-body effective dose was 0.0041 mSv/MBq per patient. IPF patients exhibited elevated pulmonary 99mTc-HFAPI uptake in abnormal lung regions, which was correlated with fibrotic regions on HRCT. Among different HRCT stage groups, both SUVmax and LBR showed significant differences (p < 0.001). The higher HRCT stage demonstrated significantly higher SUVmax and LBR. A linear correlation between 99mTc-HFAPI uptake and total HRCT score was observed for SUVmax (r = 0.7839, F = 54.41, p = 0.0094) and LBR (r = 0.7402, F = 56.33, p = 0.0092). 99mTc-HFAPI uptake also had moderate correlations with PFT results. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data show that the 99mTc-HFAPI SPECT imaging is a promising new imaging modality in IPF patients. Investigations of its clinical value in monitoring disease progression and treatment response are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yitian Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guangjie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, Scchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China (F.W.)
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, Scchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China (F.W.)
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongli Jing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
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Ezzo M, Hinz B. Novel approaches to target fibroblast mechanotransduction in fibroproliferative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108528. [PMID: 37708995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in mechanical environment is vital in conditions of organ injury when the architecture of normal tissues is disturbed or lost. Among the various cellular players that respond to injury, fibroblasts take center stage in re-establishing tissue integrity by secreting and organizing extracellular matrix into stabilizing scar tissue. Activation, activity, survival, and death of scar-forming fibroblasts are tightly controlled by mechanical environment and proper mechanotransduction ensures that fibroblast activities cease after completion of the tissue repair process. Conversely, dysregulated mechanotransduction often results in fibroblast over-activation or persistence beyond the state of normal repair. The resulting pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is called fibrosis, a condition that has been associated with over 40% of all deaths in the industrialized countries. Consequently, elements in fibroblast mechanotransduction are scrutinized for their suitability as anti-fibrotic therapeutic targets. We review the current knowledge on mechanically relevant factors in the fibroblast extracellular environment, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion structures, stretch-activated membrane channels, stress-regulated cytoskeletal structures, and co-transcription factors. We critically discuss the targetability of these elements in therapeutic approaches and their progress in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ezzo
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cheng HP, Feng DD, Li XH, Gao LH, Qiu YJ, Liang XY, Zhou Y, Huang P, Shao M, Zhang YN, Chang YF, Fu JF, Huang YH, Liu W, Tang SY, Li C, Luo ZQ. NMDA receptor activation induces damage of alveolar type II cells and lung fibrogenesis through ferroptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119535. [PMID: 37451346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of regulated cell death, has been implicated in numerous human diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Emerging evidence has linked ferroptosis and glutamate-determined cell fate which is considered a new light on the etiology of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we observed that N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation promoted cell damage and iron deposition in MLE-12 cells in a dose-, time-, and receptor-dependent manner. This mediated substantial Ca2+ influx, upregulated the expression levels of nNOS and IRP1, and affected intracellular iron homeostasis by regulating the expression of iron transport-related proteins (i.e., TFR1, DMT1, and FPN). Excessive iron load promoted the continuous accumulation of total intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which ultimately led to ferroptosis. NMDAR inhibition reduced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced mice. Bleomycin stimulation upregulated the expression of NMDAR1, nNOS, and IRP1 in mouse lung tissues, which ultimately led to iron deposition via regulation of the expression of various iron metabolism-related genes. NMDAR activation initiated the pulmonary fibrosis process by inducing iron deposition in lung tissues and ferroptosis of alveolar type II cells. Our data suggest that NMDAR activation regulates the expression of iron metabolism-related genes by promoting calcium influx, increasing nNOS and IRP1 expression, and increasing iron deposition by affecting cellular iron homeostasis, ultimately leading to mitochondrial damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis. NMDAR activation-induced ferroptosis of alveolar type II cells might be a key event to the initiation of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Jia Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing-Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Na Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Fen Chang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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