1
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Lim H, Lee S, Jin JS, Kim MS. High-Throughput Quantitative Analysis of Amino Acids in Freeze-Dried Drops Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3717-3721. [PMID: 38262943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has become a promising analytical tool for molecular profiling in biological applications. However, its ultrahigh vacuum environment and matrix effects hamper the absolute quantitation of solution samples. Herein, we present a rapid high-throughput platform for quantitative ToF-SIMS analysis of amino acids in matrix deposits formed from freeze-dried solution drops through ice sublimation on a parylene film microarray substrate. Droplets of the amino acid solutions, which were mixed with stable isotope-labeled phenylalanine (F*) of high concentration (10 mM), were loaded on wells of the microarray, then frozen and evaporated slowly below the freezing point, forming continuous solid-phase F* matrix deposits. The amino acids (≤500 μM), adequately well dispersed throughout the F* matrix deposits on each well, were quantitatively analyzed by ToF-SIMS in a rapid and high-throughput fashion. The lower limit of quantitation reached below 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Siheun Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Jin
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming and Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chang YM, Wang YS, Chen HY. Controlling Superhydrophobicity on Complex Substrates Based on a Vapor-Phase Sublimation and Deposition Polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48754-48763. [PMID: 37793161 PMCID: PMC10592315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The superhydrophobic properties of material surfaces have attracted significant research and practical development in a wide range of applications. In the present study, a superhydrophobic coating was fabricated using a vapor-phase sublimation and deposition process. This process offers several advantages, including a controllable and tunable superhydrophobic property, a dry and solvent-free process that uses well-defined water/ice templates during fabrication, and a coating technology that is applicable to various substrates, regardless of their dimensions or complex geometric configurations. The fabrication process exploits time-dependent condensation to produce ice templates with a controlled surface morphology and roughness. The templates are sacrificed via vapor sublimation, which results in mass transfer of water vapor out of the system. A second vapor source of a polymer precursor is then introduced to the system, and deposition occurs upon polymerization on the iced templates, replicating the same topologies from the iced templates. The continuation of the co-current sublimation and deposition processes finally renders permanent hierarchical structures of the polymer coatings that combine the native hydrophobic property of the polymer and the structured property by the sacrificed ice templates, achieving a level of superhydrophobicity that is tunable from 90° to 164°. The experiments demonstrated the use of [2,2]paracyclophanes as the starting materials for forming the superhydrophobic coatings of poly(p-xylylenes) on substrate surfaces. In comparison to conventional vapor deposition of poly(p-xylylenes), which resulted in dense thin-film coatings with only a moderate water contact angle of approximately 90°, the reported superhydrophobic coatings and fabrication process can achieve a high water contact angle of 164°. Demonstrations furthermore revealed that the proposed coatings are durable while maintaining superhydrophobicity on various substrates, including an intraocular lens and a cardiovascular stent, even against harsh treatment conditions and varied solution compositions used on the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Chang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Murray DS, Stickel L, Boutelle M. Computational Modeling as a Tool to Drive the Development of a Novel, Chemical Device for Monitoring the Injured Brain and Body. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3599-3608. [PMID: 37737666 PMCID: PMC10557062 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time measurement of dynamic changes, occurring in the brain and other parts of the body, is useful for the detection and tracked progression of disease and injury. Chemical monitoring of such phenomena exists but is not commonplace, due to the penetrative nature of devices, the lack of continuous measurement, and the inflammatory responses that require pharmacological treatment to alleviate. Soft, flexible devices that more closely match the moduli and shape of monitored tissue and allow for surface microdialysis provide a viable alternative. Here, we show that computational modeling can be used to aid the development of such devices and highlight the considerations when developing a chemical monitoring probe in this way. These models pave the way for the development of a new class of chemical monitoring devices for monitoring neurotrauma, organs, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shaine Murray
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale
University, 06520, New Haven, Connecticut United States
| | - Laure Stickel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
- Laboratoire
Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Martyn Boutelle
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
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4
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Kim TH, Song Z, Jung J, Sung JS, Kang MJ, Shim WB, Lee M, Pyun JC. Functionalized Parylene Films for Enhancement of Antibody Production by Hybridoma Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3726-3738. [PMID: 37647153 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of microenvironments on antibody production of hybridoma cells was analyzed using six types of functionalized parylene films, parylene-N and parylene-C (before and after UV radiation), parylene-AM, and parylene-H, and using polystyrene as a negative control. Hybridoma cells were cultured on modified parylene films that produced a monoclonal antibody against the well-known fungal toxin ochratoxin-A. Surface properties were analyzed for each parylene film, such as roughness, chemical functional groups, and hydrophilicity. The proliferation rate of the hybridoma cells was observed for each parylene film by counting the number of adherent cells, and the total amount of produced antibodies from different parylene films was estimated using indirect ELISA. In comparison with the polystyrene, the antibody-production by parylene-H and parylene-AM was estimated to be observed to be as high as 210-244% after the culture of 24 h. These results indicate that the chemical functional groups of the culture plate could influence antibody production. To analyze the influence of the microenvironments of the modified parylene films, we performed cell cycle analysis to estimate the ratio of the G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the hybridoma cells on each parylene film. From the normalized proportion of phases of the cell cycle, the difference in antibody production from different surfaces was considered to result from the difference in the proliferation rate of hybridoma cells, which occurred from the different physical and chemical properties of the parylene films. Finally, protein expression was analyzed using an mRNA array to determine the effect of parylene films on protein expression in hybridoma cells. The expression of three antibody production-related genes (CD40, Sox4, and RelB) was analyzed in hybridoma cells cultured on modified parylene films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Zhiquan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Department of Food Science and Technology & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, South Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering and △Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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5
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Lee K, Lee JM, Phan TT, Lee CJ, Park JM, Park J. Ultrasonocoverslip: In-vitro platform for high-throughput assay of cell type-specific neuromodulation with ultra-low-intensity ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1533-1548. [PMID: 37909109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain stimulation with ultra-low-intensity ultrasound has rarely been investigated due to the lack of a reliable device to measure small neuronal signal changes made by the ultra-low intensity range. We propose Ultrasonocoverslip, an ultrasound-transducer-integrated-glass-coverslip that determines the minimum intensity for brain cell activation. Brain cells can be cultured directly on Ultrasonocoverslip to simultaneously deliver uniform ultrasonic pressure to hundreds of cells with real-time monitoring of cellular responses using fluorescence microscopy and single-cell electrophysiology. The sensitivity for detecting small responses to ultra-low-intensity ultrasound can be improved by averaging simultaneously obtained responses. Acoustic absorbers can be placed under Ultrasonocoverslip, and stimuli distortions are substantially reduced to precisely deliver user-intended acoustic stimulations. With the proposed device, we discover the lowest acoustic threshold to induce reliable neuronal excitation releasing glutamate. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on the device show that the ultra-low-intensity ultrasound stimulation induces cell type-specific neuromodulation by activating astrocyte-mediated neuronal excitation without direct neuronal involvement. The performance of ultra-low-intensity stimulation is validated by in vivo experiments demonstrating improved safety and specificity in motor modulation of tail movement compared to that with supra-watt-intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhyung Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Thuy Phan
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Madarász M, Fedor FZ, Fekete Z, Rózsa B. Immunohistological responses in mice implanted with Parylene HT - ITO ECoG devices. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1209913. [PMID: 37746144 PMCID: PMC10513038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1209913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparent epidural devices that facilitate the concurrent use of electrophysiology and neuroimaging are arising tools for neuroscience. Testing the biocompatibility and evoked immune response of novel implantable devices is essential to lay down the fundamentals of their extensive application. Here we present an immunohistochemical evaluation of a Parylene HT/indium-tin oxide (ITO) based electrocorticography (ECoG) device, and provide long-term biocompatibility data at three chronic implantation lengths. We implanted Parylene HT/ITO ECoG devices epidurally in 5 mice and evaluated the evoked astroglial response, neuronal density and cortical thickness. We found increased astroglial response in the superficial cortical layers of all mice compared to contralateral unimplanted controls. This difference was largest at the first time point and decreased over time. Neuronal density was lower on the implanted side only at the last time point, while cortical thickness was smaller in the first and second time points, but not at the last. In this study, we present data that confirms the feasibility and chronic use of Parylene HT/ITO ECoG devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Madarász
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai PhD Program of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Z. Fedor
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Sleep Oscillation Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Research Group, The Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Femtonics Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Fekete Z, Zátonyi A, Kaszás A, Madarász M, Slézia A. Transparent neural interfaces: challenges and solutions of microengineered multimodal implants designed to measure intact neuronal populations using high-resolution electrophysiology and microscopy simultaneously. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37213820 PMCID: PMC10195795 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the feasibility of using transparent neural interfaces in multimodal in vivo experiments on the central nervous system. Multimodal electrophysiological and neuroimaging approaches hold great potential for revealing the anatomical and functional connectivity of neuronal ensembles in the intact brain. Multimodal approaches are less time-consuming and require fewer experimental animals as researchers obtain denser, complex data during the combined experiments. Creating devices that provide high-resolution, artifact-free neural recordings while facilitating the interrogation or stimulation of underlying anatomical features is currently one of the greatest challenges in the field of neuroengineering. There are numerous articles highlighting the trade-offs between the design and development of transparent neural interfaces; however, a comprehensive overview of the efforts in material science and technology has not been reported. Our present work fills this gap in knowledge by introducing the latest micro- and nanoengineered solutions for fabricating substrate and conductive components. Here, the limitations and improvements in electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, the stability and longevity of the integrated features, and biocompatibility during in vivo use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience & Psychology, Eotvos Lorand Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Zátonyi
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Kaszás
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CMP, Département BEL, F - 13541 Gardanne, France
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS UMR 7289 & Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M. Madarász
- János Szentágothai PhD Program of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- BrainVision Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Slézia
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS UMR 7289 & Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
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8
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Park JA, Youm Y, Lee HR, Lee Y, Barron SL, Kwak T, Park GT, Song YC, Owens RM, Kim JH, Jung S. Transfer-Tattoo-Like Cell-Sheet Delivery Induced by Interfacial Cell Migration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204390. [PMID: 36066995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A direct transfer of a cell sheet from a culture surface to a target tissue is introduced. Commercially available, flexible parylene is used as the culture surface, and it is proposed that the UV-treated parylene offers adequate and intermediate levels of cell adhesiveness for both the stable cell attachment during culture and for the efficient cell transfer to a target surface. The versatility of this cell-transfer process is demonstrated with various cell types, including MRC-5, HDFn, HULEC-5a, MC3T3-E1, A549, C2C12 cells, and MDCK-II cells. The novel cell-sheet engineering is based on a mechanism of interfacial cell migration between two surfaces with different adhesion preferences. Monitoring of cytoskeletal dynamics and drug treatments during the cell-transfer process reveals that the interfacial cell migration occurs by utilizing the existing transmembrane proteins on the cell surface to bind to the targeted surface. The re-establishment and reversal of cell polarity after the transfer process are also identified. Its unique capabilities of 3D multilayer stacking, freeform design, and curved surface application are demonstrated. Finally, the therapeutic potential of the cell-sheet delivery system is demonstrated by applying it to cutaneous wound healing and skin-tissue regeneration in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju An Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yejin Youm
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Lee
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah L Barron
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Taejeong Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Bertos GA, Liu C, Hu H. Bio-Inspired Micromachined Volumetric Flow Sensor with a Big Dynamic Range for Intravenous Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:234. [PMID: 36616831 PMCID: PMC9823585 DOI: 10.3390/s23010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of drug delivery in an intravenous infusion system can prevent injury caused by improper drug doses. As the medicine must be administered into the vein at different rates and doses in different people, an ideal intravenous infusion system requires both a low flow rate and large dynamic range monitoring. In this study, a bio-inspired and micromachined volumetric flow sensor is presented for the biomedical application of an intravenous system. This was realized by integrating two sensing units with different sensitivities on one silicon die to achieve a large dynamic range of the volumetric flow rate. The sensor was coated with a parylene layer for waterproofing and biocompatibility purposes. A new packaging scheme incorporating a silicon die into a flow channel was employed to demonstrate the working prototype. The test results indicate that the sensor can detect a volumetric flow rate as low as 2 mL/h, and its dynamic range is from 2 mL/h to 200 mL/h. The sensor performed better than the other two commercial sensors for low-flow detection. The high sensitivity, low cost, and small size of this flow sensor make it promising for intravenous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lansheng Zhang
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Yingchen Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Georgios A. Bertos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Prosthetics Orthotics Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
- Applied Sciences and Technology, Baxter Healthcare Inc., Round Lake, IL 60073, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Electrics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Huan Hu
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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10
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Selbmann F, Scherf C, Langenickel J, Roscher F, Wiemer M, Kuhn H, Joseph Y. Impact of Non-Accelerated Aging on the Properties of Parylene C. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235246. [PMID: 36501649 PMCID: PMC9740118 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymer Parylene combines a variety of excellent properties and, hence, is an object of intensive research for packaging applications, such as the direct encapsulation of medical implants. Moreover, in the past years, an increasing interest for establishing new applications for Parylene is observed. These include the usage of Parylene as a flexible substrate, a dielectric, or a material for MEMS, e.g., a bonding adhesive. The increasing importance of Parylene raises questions regarding the long-term reliability and aging of Parylene as well as the impact of the aging on the Parylene properties. Within this paper, we present the first investigations on non-accelerated Parylene C aging for a period of about five years. Doing so, free-standing Parylene membranes were fabricated to investigate the barrier properties, the chemical stability, as well as the optical properties of Parylene in dependence on different post-treatments to the polymer. These properties were found to be excellent and with only a minor age-related impact. Additionally, the mechanical properties, i.e., the Young's modulus and the hardness, were investigated via nano-indentation over the same period of time. For both mechanical properties only, minor changes were observed. The results prove that Parylene C is a highly reliable polymer for applications that needs a high long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Selbmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christina Scherf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörn Langenickel
- Center for Microtechnologies, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Frank Roscher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maik Wiemer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Harald Kuhn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute for Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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11
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Halsted MC, Bible AN, Morrell-Falvey JL, Retterer ST. Quantifying biofilm propagation on chemically modified surfaces. Biofilm 2022; 4:100088. [PMID: 36303845 PMCID: PMC9594113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions affecting biofilm formation differ among bacterial species and this presents a challenge to studying biofilms in the lab. This work leverages functionalized silanes to control surface chemistry in the study of early biofilm propagation, quantified with a semi-automated image processing algorithm. These methods support the study of Pantoea sp. YR343, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from the poplar rhizosphere. We found that Pantoea sp. YR343 does not readily attach to hydrophilic surfaces but will form biofilms with a “honeycomb” morphology on hydrophobic surfaces. Our image processing algorithm described here quantified the evolution of the honeycomb morphology over time, and found the propagation to display a logarithmic behavior. This methodology was repeated with a flagella-deficient fliR mutant of Pantoea sp. YR343 which resulted in reduced surface attachment. Quantifiable differences between Pantoea WT and ΔfliR biofilm morphologies were captured by the image processing algorithm, further demonstrating the insight gained from these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber N. Bible
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Scott T. Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA,Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, USA,Corresponding author. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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12
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Wettability and Surface Roughness of Parylene C on Three-Dimensional-Printed Photopolymers. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124159. [PMID: 35744218 PMCID: PMC9228345 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of poly-(para-chloro-xylylene) (Parylene C) in microelectromechanical systems and medical devices has increased rapidly. However, little research has been conducted on the wettability and surface roughness of Parylene C after being soaked in solutions. In this study, the contact angle and surface roughness (arithmetic average of roughness) of Parylene C on three-dimensional (3D)-printed photopolymer in 10% sodium hydroxide, 10% ammonium hydroxide, and 100% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions were investigated using a commercial contact angle measurement system and laser confocal microscope, respectively. The collected data indicated that 10% ammonium hydroxide had no major effect on the contact angle of Parylene C on a substrate, with a Shore A hardness of 50. However, 10% sodium hydroxide, 10% ammonium hydroxide, and 100% PBS considerably affected the contact angle of Parylene C on a substrate with a Shore A hardness of 85. Substrates with Parylene C coating exhibited lower surface roughness than uncoated substrates. The substrates coated with Parylene C that were soaked in 10% ammonium hydroxide exhibited high surface roughness. The aforementioned results indicate that 3D-printed photopolymers coated with Parylene C can offer potential benefits when used in biocompatible devices.
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13
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Sim JH, Chae H, Kim SB, Yoo S. Simple and practical methods for utilizing parylene C film based on vertical deposition and laser patterning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9506. [PMID: 35681067 PMCID: PMC9184507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose two novel methods to effectively utilize parylene C films. First, we demonstrate a vertical deposition method capable of depositing a parylene C film of the same thickness on both sides of a sample. Through this method, we have formed parylene C films with a thickness of 4 μm on both sides of the sample with a thickness deviation of less than 2.5%. Further optical verification indicates that parylene C films formed by this method have a very uniform thickness distribution on each side of the surfaces. Second, we propose a debris-tolerant laser patterning method as a mask-less means to fabricate self-supporting ultrathin parylene C films. This method does not involve any photolithography and entails a simple and rapid process that can be performed using only a few materials with excellent biocompatibility. It is demonstrated that patterned parylene C films exhibit a high degree of surface uniformity and have various geometrical shapes so that they can be used for substrates of highly flexible and/or stretchable devices. Finally, we use both of the proposed methods to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and waterproof-packaged bifacial blue LED modules to illustrate their potential in emerging applications that would benefit from such versatile form factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Sim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Chae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Meisami AH, Abbasi M, Mosleh-Shirazi S, Azari A, Amani AM, Vaez A, Golchin A. Self-propelled micro/nanobots: A new insight into precisely targeting cancerous cells through intelligent and deep cancer penetration. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175011. [PMID: 35568064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer overlooks are globally one of the most dangerous and life-threatening tribulations. While significant advances have been made in the targeted delivery of anti-cancer medications over the last few years, several challenges, such as low efficacy and strong toxic effects, remain to be addressed. Micro/nanomotors have been thoroughly studied for both effective cancer detection and treatment, as demonstrated by significant advancements in the architecture of smart and functional micro/nanomotor biomedical systems. Able to self-propelled within fluid media, micro/nanomotors have attractive vehicles to maximize the efficacy of tumor delivery. Here, we present the current developments in the delivery, detection, and imaging-guided treatment of micro/nanomotors in the clinical field, including cancer-related specific targeted drug delivery, and then discuss the barriers and difficulties encountered by micro/nanomotors throughout the medical process. Furthermore, this paper addresses the potential growth of micro/nanomotors for medical applications, and sets out the current drawbacks and future research directions for more advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Meisami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Golchin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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15
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Effect of Parylene C on the Corrosion Resistance of Bioresorbable Cardiovascular Stents Made of Magnesium Alloy 'Original ZM10'. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093132. [PMID: 35591466 PMCID: PMC9102321 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloy has attracted significant attention as a bioresorbable scaffold for use as a next-generation stent because of its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, Mg alloy quickly degrades in the physiological environment. In this study, we investigated whether applying a parylene C coating can improve the corrosion resistance of a Mg alloy stent, which is made of 'Original ZM10', free of aluminum and rare earth elements. The coating exhibited a smooth surface with no large cracks, even after balloon expansion of the stent, and improved the corrosion resistance of the stent in cell culture medium. In particular, the parylene C coating of a hydrofluoric acid-treated Mg alloy stent led to excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, the parylene C coating did not affect a polymer layer consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) applied as an additional coating for the drug release to suppress restenosis. Parylene C is a promising surface coating for bioresorbable Mg alloy stents for clinical applications.
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16
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O'Grady BJ, Geuy MD, Kim H, Balotin KM, Allchin ER, Florian DC, Bute NN, Scott TE, Lowen GB, Fricker CM, Fitzgerald ML, Guelcher SA, Wikswo JP, Bellan LM, Lippmann ES. Rapid prototyping of cell culture microdevices using parylene-coated 3D prints. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4814-4822. [PMID: 34787148 PMCID: PMC8717820 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of microfluidic devices by photolithography generally requires specialized training and access to a cleanroom. As an alternative, 3D printing enables cost-effective fabrication of microdevices with complex features that would be suitable for many biomedical applications. However, commonly used resins are cytotoxic and unsuitable for devices involving cells. Furthermore, 3D prints are generally refractory to elastomer polymerization such that they cannot be used as master molds for fabricating devices from polymers (e.g. polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS). Different post-print treatment strategies, such as heat curing, ultraviolet light exposure, and coating with silanes, have been explored to overcome these obstacles, but none have proven universally effective. Here, we show that deposition of a thin layer of parylene, a polymer commonly used for medical device applications, renders 3D prints biocompatible and allows them to be used as master molds for elastomeric device fabrication. When placed in culture dishes containing human neurons, regardless of resin type, uncoated 3D prints leached toxic material to yield complete cell death within 48 hours, whereas cells exhibited uniform viability and healthy morphology out to 21 days if the prints were coated with parylene. Diverse PDMS devices of different shapes and sizes were easily cast from parylene-coated 3D printed molds without any visible defects. As a proof-of-concept, we rapid prototyped and tested different types of PDMS devices, including triple chamber perfusion chips, droplet generators, and microwells. Overall, we suggest that the simplicity and reproducibility of this technique will make it attractive for fabricating traditional microdevices and rapid prototyping new designs. In particular, by minimizing user intervention on the fabrication and post-print treatment steps, our strategy could help make microfluidics more accessible to the biomedical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J O'Grady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Michael D Geuy
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kylie M Balotin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Everett R Allchin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David C Florian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neelansh N Bute
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Scott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Gregory B Lowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Colin M Fricker
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Sivakumar P, Du SM, Selter M, Ballard I, Daye J, Cho J. Long-term thermal aging of parylene conformal coating under high humidity and its effects on tin whisker mitigation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Verboven I, Nithyanandakumar RS, Van Landeghem M, Pellaers H, Ruttens B, D'Haen J, Vandewal K, Deferme W. Ultrasonic spray coating of polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) as electron injection and transport layer for organic light emitting diodes: The influence of layer morphology and thickness on the interface physics between polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) and the Al cathode. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Verboven
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | | | - Melissa Van Landeghem
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Hilde Pellaers
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Bart Ruttens
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
| | - Wim Deferme
- Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO‐IMOMEC) Wetenschapspark 1 Diepenbeek B‐3590 Belgium
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19
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Hejazi M, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Prawer S, Garrett DJ. Advances in Carbon-Based Microfiber Electrodes for Neural Interfacing. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:658703. [PMID: 33912007 PMCID: PMC8072048 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.658703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural interfacing devices using penetrating microelectrode arrays have emerged as an important tool in both neuroscience research and medical applications. These implantable microelectrode arrays enable communication between man-made devices and the nervous system by detecting and/or evoking neuronal activities. Recent years have seen rapid development of electrodes fabricated using flexible, ultrathin carbon-based microfibers. Compared to electrodes fabricated using rigid materials and larger cross-sections, these microfiber electrodes have been shown to reduce foreign body responses after implantation, with improved signal-to-noise ratio for neural recording and enhanced resolution for neural stimulation. Here, we review recent progress of carbon-based microfiber electrodes in terms of material composition and fabrication technology. The remaining challenges and future directions for development of these arrays will also be discussed. Overall, these microfiber electrodes are expected to improve the longevity and reliability of neural interfacing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hejazi
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Vision Research Institute, The Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- National Vision Research Institute, The Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J. Garrett
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Pennington BO, Bailey JK, Faynus MA, Hinman C, Hee MN, Ritts R, Nadar V, Zhu D, Mitra D, Martinez-Camarillo JC, Lin TC, Thomas BB, Hinton DR, Humayun MS, Lebkowski J, Johnson LV, Clegg DO. Xeno-free cryopreservation of adherent retinal pigmented epithelium yields viable and functional cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6286. [PMID: 33737600 PMCID: PMC7973769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in adults over 60 years of age, and clinical trials are currently assessing the therapeutic potential of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell monolayers on implantable scaffolds to treat this disease. However, challenges related to the culture, long-term storage, and long-distance transport of such implants currently limit the widespread use of adherent RPE cells as therapeutics. Here we report a xeno-free protocol to cryopreserve a confluent monolayer of clinical-grade, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells on a parylene scaffold (REPS) that yields viable, polarized, and functional RPE cells post-thaw. Thawed cells exhibit ≥ 95% viability, have morphology, pigmentation, and gene expression characteristic of mature RPE cells, and secrete the neuroprotective protein, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Stability under liquid nitrogen (LN2) storage has been confirmed through one year. REPS were administered immediately post-thaw into the subretinal space of a mammalian model, the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS)/nude rat. Implanted REPS were assessed at 30, 60, and 90 days post-implantation, and thawed cells demonstrate survival as an intact monolayer on the parylene scaffold. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for the maturation marker, RPE65, significantly increased over the post-implantation period in vivo, and cells demonstrated functional attributes similar to non-cryopreserved controls. The capacity to cryopreserve adherent cellular therapeutics permits extended storage and stable transport to surgical sites, enabling broad distribution for the treatment of prevalent diseases such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney O. Pennington
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Bailey
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Mohamed A. Faynus
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Cassidy Hinman
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Mitchell N. Hee
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676College of Creative Studies, Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Rory Ritts
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Vignesh Nadar
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Danhong Zhu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Debbie Mitra
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Camarillo
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Biju B. Thomas
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David R. Hinton
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mark S. Humayun
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, Denney Research Center (DRB) of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jane Lebkowski
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | | | - Dennis O. Clegg
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
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21
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He F, Lycke R, Ganji M, Xie C, Luan L. Ultraflexible Neural Electrodes for Long-Lasting Intracortical Recording. iScience 2020; 23:101387. [PMID: 32745989 PMCID: PMC7398974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Implanted electrodes provide one of the most important neurotechniques for fundamental and translational neurosciences by permitting time-resolved electrical detection of individual neurons in vivo. However, conventional rigid electrodes typically cannot provide stable, long-lasting recordings. Numerous interwoven biotic and abiotic factors at the tissue-electrode interface lead to short- and long-term instability of the recording performance. Making neural electrodes flexible provides a promising approach to mitigate these challenges on the implants and at the tissue-electrode interface. Here we review the recent progress of ultraflexible neural electrodes and discuss the engineering principles, the material properties, and the implantation strategies to achieve stable tissue-electrode interface and reliable unit recordings in living brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Roy Lycke
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mehran Ganji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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22
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Njeim J, Alamarguy D, Tu X, Durnez A, Lafosse X, Chretien P, Madouri A, Ren Z, Brunel D. Effect of the Al 2O 3 Deposition Method on Parylene C: Highlights on a Nanopillar-Shaped Surface. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15828-15834. [PMID: 32656403 PMCID: PMC7345438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parylene C (PC) has attracted tremendous attention throughout the past few years due to its extraordinary properties such as high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. When used as a flexible substrate and combined with high-κ dielectrics such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3), the Al2O3/PC stack becomes very compelling for various applications in fields such as biomedical microsystems and microelectronics. For the latter, the atomic layer deposition of oxides is particularly needed as it allows the deposition of high-quality and nanometer-scale oxide thicknesses. In this work, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) of Al2O3 on a 15 μm-thick PC layer are realized and their effects on the Al2O3/PC resulting stack are investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with atomic force microscopy. An ALD-based Al2O3/PC stack is found to result in a nanopillar-shaped surface, while an EBPVD-based Al2O3/PC stack yields an expected smooth surface. In both cases, the Al2O3/PC stack can be easily peeled off from the reusable SiO2 substrate, resulting in a flexible Al2O3/PC film. These fabrication processes are economic, high yielding, and suitable for mass production. Although ALD is particularly appreciated in the semiconducting industry, EBPVD is here found to be better for the realization of the Al2O3/PC flexible substrate for micro- and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Njeim
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et
Electronique de Paris, 75252 Paris, France
| | - David Alamarguy
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie
Electrique et Electronique de Paris, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xiaolong Tu
- Sorbonne
Université, PSL Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure,
PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alan Durnez
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Xavier Lafosse
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pascal Chretien
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie
Electrique et Electronique de Paris, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ali Madouri
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Zhuoxiang Ren
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et
Electronique de Paris, 75252 Paris, France
| | - David Brunel
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et
Electronique de Paris, 75252 Paris, France
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Mansoorzare H, Shahraini S, Todi A, Azim N, Khater D, Rajaraman S, Abdolvand R. A Microfluidic MEMS-Microbalance Platform With Minimized Acoustic Radiation in Liquid. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1210-1218. [PMID: 31765308 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2955402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the microfluidic channels that deliver liquid to a microscale thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) gravimetric resonant sensor are incorporated into the backside of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer on which the resonator is fabricated. Specifically, a microwell is embedded at the bottom of the disk -shaped TPoS resonator, while a very thin layer of parylene covering the backside of the resonator and the microwell forms an isolation layer between the liquid and the top device-layer features. In this way, the liquid is in contact with the backside of the resonator, while the device-defining trenches and the electrical connections to the resonator stay clear, thus mitigating the acoustic energy loss and undesirable feedthroughs. The impact of the parylene layer thickness on a few symmetric ( S ) and antisymmetric ( A ) Lamb wave modes of the resonator is experimentally studied, and the performance of such modes in the liquid is characterized by filling the microwells through a PDMS-based microfluidic channel. The parylene layer, while marginally affecting the resonator in the air, is found to substantially enhance its performance in the liquid media. Strong resonance peaks with high quality factors ( Q ) are observed for the S modes, among which Q values above 400 are recorded for a specific mode named S (4, 2) (among the highest ever reported). This article can potentially facilitate the realization of highly stable and sensitive resonant mass sensors (i.e., microbalance) for real-time applications. Additionally, the effect of the acoustic energy radiation in the form of evanescent shear and longitudinal waves in liquid on the Q and resonance frequency of the disk resonators is experimentally validated.
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Chong H, Majerus SJ, Bogie KM, Zorman CA. Non‐hermetic packaging of biomedical microsystems from a materials perspective: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chong
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Kath M. Bogie
- APT Center Louis Stokes VA Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Orthopaedics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Christian A. Zorman
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- APT Center Louis Stokes VA Medical Center Cleveland OH USA
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Belling JN, Cheung KM, Jackman JA, Sut TN, Allen M, Park JH, Jonas SJ, Cho NJ, Weiss PS. Lipid Bicelle Micropatterning Using Chemical Lift-Off Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13447-13455. [PMID: 32092250 PMCID: PMC7092747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid membranes are versatile biomimetic coatings for the chemical functionalization of inorganic surfaces. Developing simple and effective fabrication strategies to form supported lipid membranes with micropatterned geometries is a long-standing challenge. Herein, we demonstrate how the combination of chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) and easily prepared lipid bicelle nanostructures can yield micropatterned, supported lipid membranes on gold surfaces with high pattern resolution, conformal character, and biofunctionality. Using CLL, we functionalized gold surfaces with patterned arrays of hydrophilic and hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that lipid bicelles adsorbed preferentially onto the hydrophilic SAM regions, while there was negligible lipid adsorption onto the hydrophobic SAM regions. Functional receptors could be embedded within the lipid bicelles, which facilitated selective detection of receptor-ligand binding interactions in a model streptavidin-biotin system. Quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation measurements further identified that lipid bicelles adsorb irreversibly and remain intact on top of the hydrophilic SAM regions. Taken together, our findings indicate that lipid bicelles are useful lipid nanostructures for reproducibly assembling micropatterned, supported lipid membranes with precise pattern fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N. Belling
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU-UCLA-NTU Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tun Naw Sut
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Matthew Allen
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- SKKU-UCLA-NTU Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- SKKU-UCLA-NTU Precision Biology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Seiti M, Ginestra P, Ferraro RM, Ceretti E, Ferraris E. Nebulized jet-based printing of bio-electrical scaffolds for neural tissue engineering: a feasibility study. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025024. [PMID: 32000155 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab71e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the application of a direct writing technique for printing conductive patterns onto a biocompatible electrospun-pyrolysed carbon-fibre-based substrate. The result is a first study towards the production of bio-electrical scaffolds that could be used to enhance the promotion of efficient connections among neurons for in vitro studies in the field of neural tissue engineering. An electrospinning process is employed for production of the materials derived from the precursor polyacrylonitrile, in which the embedding of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is also investigated. Subsequently, the methodology of research into suitable parameters for the printed electronics, using a commercial silver nanoparticle (Øavg,particle size ∼ 100 nm) ink, is described. The results show values of 2 Ω cm for the resistivity of the carbon-fibre materials and conductive printed lines of resistance ∼50 Ω on glass and less than ∼140 Ω on carbon-fibre samples. Biocompatibility results demonstrate the possibility of using electrospun-pyrolysed mats, also with embedded CNTs, as potential neural substrates for spatially localized electrical stimulation across a tissue. In addition, the data concerning the potential toxicity of silver suspensions are in accordance with the literature, showing a dose-dependent behaviour. This work is a pioneering feasibility study of the use of the flexible and versatile printed electronic approach, combined with engineered biocompatible substrates, to realize integrated bio-electrical scaffolds for in vitro neural tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Seiti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus De Nayer, KU Leuven, Belgium. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Andrés MA, Vijjapu MT, Surya SG, Shekhah O, Salama KN, Serre C, Eddaoudi M, Roubeau O, Gascón I. Methanol and Humidity Capacitive Sensors Based on Thin Films of MOF Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4155-4162. [PMID: 31909968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of modern gas sensing technologies requires high sensitivity and selectivity coupled to cost effectiveness, which implies the necessity to miniaturize devices while reducing the amount of sensing material. The appealing alternative of integrating nanoparticles of a porous metal-organic framework (MOF) onto capacitive sensors based on interdigitated electrode (IDE) chips is presented. We report the deposition of MIL-96(Al) MOF thin films via the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method on the IDE chips, which allowed the study of their gas/vapor sensing properties. First, sorption studies of several organic vapors like methanol, toluene, chloroform, etc. were conducted on bulk MOF. The sorption data revealed that MIL-96(Al) presents high affinity toward water and methanol. Later on, ordered LB monolayer films of MIL-96(Al) particles of ∼200 nm were successfully deposited onto IDE chips with homogeneous coverage of the surface in comparison to conventional thin film fabrication techniques such as drop-casting. The sensing tests showed that MOF LB films were selective for water and methanol, and short response/recovery times were achieved. Finally, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a porous thin film of Parylene C (thickness ∼250-300 nm) was performed on top of the MOF LB films to fabricate a thin selective layer. The sensing results showed an increase in the water selectivity and sensitivity, while those of methanol showed a huge decrease. These results prove the feasibility of the LB technique for the fabrication of ordered MOF thin films onto IDE chips using very small MOF quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Andrés
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Mani Teja Vijjapu
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Sensors Lab , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Sensors Lab , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Nabil Salama
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Sensors Lab , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, UMR 8004 CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la ville de Paris , PSL University , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Ignacio Gascón
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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Romero-Morales AI, O’Grady BJ, Balotin KM, Bellan LM, Lippmann ES, Gama V. Spin∞: an updated miniaturized spinning bioreactor design for the generation of human cerebral organoids from pluripotent stem cells. HARDWAREX 2019; 6:e00084. [PMID: 32864515 PMCID: PMC7451502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have become a powerful system to study early development events and to model human disease. Cerebral organoids are generally produced in static culture or in a culture vessel with active mixing, and the two most widely used systems for mixing are a large spinning flask and a miniaturized multi-well spinning bioreactor (also known as Spin Omega (SpinΩ)). The SpinΩ provides a system that is amenable to drug testing, has increased throughput and reproducibility, and utilizes less culture media. However, technical limitations of this system include poor stability of select components and an elevated risk of contamination due to the inability to sterilize the device preassembled. Here, we report a new design of the miniaturized bioreactor system, which we term Spinfinity (Spin∞) that overcomes these concerns to permit long-term experiments. This updated device is amenable to months-long (over 200 days) experiments without concern of unexpected malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J. O’Grady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kylie M. Balotin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leon M. Bellan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S. Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA (E. Lippmann). Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA (V. Gama). (E.S. Lippmann), (V. Gama)
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA (E. Lippmann). Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA (V. Gama). (E.S. Lippmann), (V. Gama)
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Direct-Write Dewetting of High Melting Temperature Metals on Flexible Substrates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are pervasive in modern technology due to their reliability, small foot print, and versatility of function. While many of the manufacturing techniques for MEMS devices stem from integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing, the wide range of designs necessitates more varied processing techniques. Here, new details of a scanning laser based direct-write dewetting technique are presented as an expansion of previous demonstrations. For the first time, the ability to pattern a high melting temperature and high reflectance metallic thin films of Ni and Ag, respectively, on polymer substrates is reported. Novel methods for reducing the power necessary for processing highly reflective films are demonstrated by depositing very thin films of high near-infrared absorbance.
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Liu Y, Varava P, Fabrizio A, Eymann LYM, Tskhovrebov AG, Planes OM, Solari E, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Sienkiewicz A, Corminboeuf C, Severin K. Synthesis of aminyl biradicals by base-induced Csp3–Csp3 coupling of cationic azo dyes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5719-5724. [PMID: 31293757 PMCID: PMC6568049 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprotonation of cationic azo dyes results in the formation of aminyl biradicals.
The synthesis of the industrially important polymer parylene is achieved by polymerization of p-quinodimethane (p-QDM). The polymerization is thought to proceed via a biradical p-QDM dimer, but isolation or characterization of such a biradical has remained elusive. Here, we describe the synthesis of an aza-analogue of this p-QDM dimer. The biradical is formed by base-induced dimerization of an azoimidazolium dye. Due to the presence of sterically shielded aminyl radicals instead of terminal H2Ċ groups, the stability of this dimer is sufficient for analyses by ESR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. A similar Csp3–Csp3 coupling was observed for an azotriazolium dye, suggesting that base-induced C–C coupling reactions can be realized for different types of azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Liu
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Paul Varava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Léonard Y. M. Eymann
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Ophélie Marie Planes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Euro Solari
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | | | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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Brancato L, Decrop D, Lammertyn J, Puers R. Surface Nanostructuring of Parylene-C Coatings for Blood Contacting Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1109. [PMID: 29966223 PMCID: PMC6073716 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects on the blood compatibility of surface nanostructuring of Parylene-C coating. The proposed technique, based on the consecutive use of O₂ and SF₆ plasma, alters the surface roughness and enhances the intrinsic hydrophobicity of Parylene-C. The degree of hydrophobicity of the prepared surface can be precisely controlled by opportunely adjusting the plasma exposure times. Static contact angle measurements, performed on treated Parylene-C, showed a maximum contact angle of 158°. The nanostructured Parylene-C retained its hydrophobicity up to 45 days, when stored in a dry environment. Storing the samples in a body-mimicking solution caused the contact angle to progressively decrease. However, at the end of the measurement, the plasma treated surfaces still exhibited a higher hydrophobicity than the untreated counterparts. The proposed treatment improved the performance of the polymer as a water diffusion barrier in a body simulating environment. Modifying the nanotopography of the polymer influences the adsorption of different blood plasma proteins. The adsorption of albumin—a platelet adhesion inhibitor—and of fibrinogen—a platelet adhesion promoter—was studied by fluorescence microscopy. The adsorption capacity increased monotonically with increasing hydrophobicity for both studied proteins. The effect on albumin adsorption was considerably higher than on fibrinogen. Study of the proteins simultaneous adsorption showed that the albumin to fibrinogen adsorbed ratio increases with substrate hydrophobicity, suggesting lower thrombogenicity of the nanostructured surfaces. Animal experiments proved that the treated surfaces did not trigger any blood clot or thrombus formation when directly exposed to the arterial blood flow. The findings above, together with the exceptional mechanical and insulation properties of Parylene-C, support its use for packaging implants chronically exposed to the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brancato
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems⁻MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems⁻MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Robert Puers
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Belu A, Yilmaz M, Neumann E, Offenhäusser A, Demirel G, Mayer D. Asymmetric, nano-textured surfaces influence neuron viability and polarity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1634-1645. [PMID: 29427541 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional, nanostructured surfaces have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research since they have proven to represent a powerful platform to influence cell fate. In particular, nanorods and nanopillars possess great potential for the control of cell adhesion and differentiation, gene and biomolecule delivery, optical and electrical stimulation and recording, as well as cell patterning. Here, we investigate the influence of asymmetric poly(dichloro-p-xylene) (PPX) columnar films on the adhesion and maturation of cortical neurons. We show that nanostructured films with dense, inclined polymer columns can support viable primary neuronal culture. The cell-nanostructure interface is characterized showing a minimal cell penetration but strong adhesion on the surface. Moreover, we quantify the influence of the nano-textured surface on the neural development (soma size, neuritogenesis, and polarity) in comparison to a planar PPX sample. We demonstrate that the nanostructures facilitates an enhancement in neurite branching as well as elongation of axons and growth cones. Furthermore, we show for the first time that the asymmetric orientation of polymeric nanocolumns strongly influences the initiation direction of the axon formation. These results evidence that 3D nano-topographies can significantly change neural development and can be used to engineer axon elongation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1634-1645, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Belu
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elmar Neumann
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Gokhan Demirel
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
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Nikoleli GP, Nikolelis D, Siontorou CG, Karapetis S. Lipid Membrane Nanosensors for Environmental Monitoring: The Art, the Opportunities, and the Challenges. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010284. [PMID: 29346326 PMCID: PMC5796373 DOI: 10.3390/s18010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has brought along new materials, techniques, and concepts, readily adaptable to lipid membrane-based biosensing. The transition from micro-sensors to nano-sensors is neither straightforward nor effortless, yet it leads to devices with superior analytical characteristics: ultra-low detectability, small sample volumes, better capabilities for integration, and more available bioelements and processes. Environmental monitoring remains a complicated field dealing with a large variety of pollutants, several decomposition products, or secondary chemicals produced ad hoc in the short- or medium term, many sub-systems affected variously, and many processes largely unknown. The new generation of lipid membranes, i.e., nanosensors, has the potential for developing monitors with site-specific analytical performance and operational stability, as well as analyte-tailored types of responses. This review presents the state-of-the art, the opportunities for niche applicability, and the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli
- Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Department 1, Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Nikolelis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina G Siontorou
- Laboratory of Simulation of Industrial Processes, Department of Industrial Management and Technology, School of Maritime and Industry, University of Piraeus, 185 34 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Stephanos Karapetis
- Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Department 1, Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece.
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Mendoza G, Regiel-Futyra A, Tamayo A, Monzon M, Irusta S, de Gregorio MA, Kyzioł A, Arruebo M. Chitosan-based coatings in the prevention of intravascular catheter-associated infections. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:725-737. [PMID: 29111850 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217739199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Central venous access devices play an important role in patients with prolonged intravenous administration requirements. In the last years, the coating of these devices with bactericidal compounds has emerged as a potential tool to prevent bacterial colonization. Our study describes the modification of 3D-printed reservoirs and silicone-based catheters, mimicking central venous access devices, through different approaches including their coating with the well known biocompatible and bactericidal polymer chitosan, with the anionic polysaccharide alginate; also, plasma treated surfaces were included in the study to promote polymer adhesion. The evaluation of the antimicrobial action of those surface modifications compared to that exerted by a model antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) adsorbed on the surface of the devices was carried out. Surface characterization was developed by different methodologies and the bactericidal effects of the different coatings were assayed in an in vitro model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Our results showed a significant reduction in the reservoir roughness (≤73%) after coating though no changes were observed for coated catheters which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, pointing to the importance of the surface device topography for the successful attachment of the coating and for the subsequent development of bactericidal effects. Furthermore, the single presence of chitosan on the reservoirs was enough to fully inhibit bacterial growth exerting the same efficiency as that showed by the model antibiotic. Importantly, chitosan coating showed low cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes, human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, and murine colon carcinoma cells displaying viability percentages in the range of the control samples (>95%). Chitosan-based coatings are proposed as an effective and promising solution in the prevention of microbial infections associated to medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Mendoza
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), 88201 University of Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anna Regiel-Futyra
- 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alejandra Tamayo
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), 88201 University of Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Monzon
- 3 Research Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases, 88201 Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), 88201 University of Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel de Gregorio
- 4 Grupo de Investigación en Técnicas de Mínima Invasión (GITMI) del Gobierno de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Kraków, Poland
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), 88201 University of Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Chang CW, Guan ZY, Kan MY, Lee LW, Chen HY, Kang DY. Vapor-phase synthesis of poly( p -xylylene) membranes for gas separations. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Curto VF, Marchiori B, Hama A, Pappa AM, Ferro MP, Braendlein M, Rivnay J, Fiocchi M, Malliaras GG, Ramuz M, Owens RM. Organic transistor platform with integrated microfluidics for in-line multi-parametric in vitro cell monitoring. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17028. [PMID: 31057869 PMCID: PMC6445009 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Future drug discovery and toxicology testing could benefit significantly from more predictive and multi-parametric readouts from in vitro models. Despite the recent advances in the field of microfluidics, and more recently organ-on-a-chip technology, there is still a high demand for real-time monitoring systems that can be readily embedded with microfluidics. In addition, multi-parametric monitoring is essential to improve the predictive quality of the data used to inform clinical studies that follow. Here we present a microfluidic platform integrated with in-line electronic sensors based on the organic electrochemical transistor. Our goals are two-fold, first to generate a platform to host cells in a more physiologically relevant environment (using physiologically relevant fluid shear stress (FSS)) and second to show efficient integration of multiple different methods for assessing cell morphology, differentiation, and integrity. These include optical imaging, impedance monitoring, metabolite sensing, and a wound-healing assay. We illustrate the versatility of this multi-parametric monitoring in giving us increased confidence to validate the improved differentiation of cells toward a physiological profile under FSS, thus yielding more accurate data when used to assess the effect of drugs or toxins. Overall, this platform will enable high-content screening for in vitro drug discovery and toxicology testing and bridges the existing gap in the integration of in-line sensors in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo F. Curto
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Bastien Marchiori
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
- Flexible Electronics Department, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Magali P. Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Marcel Braendlein
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Michel Fiocchi
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Marc Ramuz
- Flexible Electronics Department, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 880 Avenue de Mimet, Gardanne 13541, France
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Moss T, Paulus IE, Raps D, Altstädt V, Greiner A. Ultralight sponges of poly(para-xylylene) by template-assisted chemical vapour deposition. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Particle foams and open cell sponges play nowadays an important role in academia and industrial research. The fabrication of new high-performance foams is one of the challenges. Until now, it is impossible to visualise the quality of particle foams, and the quantification is only possible with expensive analytical methods like scanning electron microscopy. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method for the visualisation of void sizes and defects inside particle foams on the basis of expanded polystyrene. The concept was transferred to porous materials, which work as templates for the formation of ultralight poly(para-xylylene) foams with stunning properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moss
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ilka E. Paulus
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Daniel Raps
- Polymer Engineering University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Polymer Engineering University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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39
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Beker L, Benet A, Meybodi AT, Eovino B, Pisano AP, Lin L. Energy harvesting from cerebrospinal fluid pressure fluctuations for self-powered neural implants. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:32. [PMID: 28425028 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel method to generate electrical energy by converting available mechanical energy from pressure fluctuations of the cerebrospinal fluid within lateral ventricles of the brain is presented. The generated electrical power can be supplied to the neural implants and either eliminate their battery need or extend the battery lifespan. A diaphragm type harvester comprised of piezoelectric material is utilized to convert the pressure fluctuations to electrical energy. The pressure fluctuations cause the diaphragm to bend, and the strained piezoelectric materials generate electricity. In the framework of this study, an energy harvesting structure having a diameter of 2.5 mm was designed and fabricated using microfabrication techniques. A 1:1 model of lateral ventricles was 3D-printed from raw MRI images to characterize the harvester. Experimental results show that a maximum power of 0.62 nW can be generated from the harvester under similar physical conditions in lateral ventricles which corresponds to energy density of 12.6 nW/cm2. Considering the available area within the lateral ventricles and the size of harvesters that can be built using microfabrication techniques it is possible to amplify to power up to 26 nW. As such, the idea of generating electrical energy by making use of pressure fluctuations within brain is demonstrated in this work via the 3D-printed model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Berkeley Sensor Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Arnau Benet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali Tayebi Meybodi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben Eovino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Berkeley Sensor Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Albert P Pisano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Liwei Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Berkeley Sensor Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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40
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Liaqat U, Ko H, Suh H, Lee M, Pyun JC. UV-irradiated parylene surfaces for proliferation and differentiation of PC-12 cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 97:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Moni P, Al-Obeidi A, Gleason KK. Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:723-735. [PMID: 28487816 PMCID: PMC5389201 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vapor phase syntheses, including parylene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and initiated CVD, enable the deposition of conformal polymer thin films to benefit a diverse array of applications. This short review for nanotechnologists, including those new to vapor deposition methods, covers the basic theory in designing a conformal polymer film vapor deposition, sample preparation and imaging techniques to assess film conformality, and several applications that have benefited from vapor deposited, conformal polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Moni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Obeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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42
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Yang M, Jeong SW, Chang SJ, Kim KH, Jang M, Kim CH, Bae NH, Sim GS, Kang T, Lee SJ, Choi BG, Lee KG. Flexible and Disposable Sensing Platforms Based on Newspaper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34978-34984. [PMID: 27976864 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The flexible sensing platform is a key component for the development of smart portable devices targeting healthcare, environmental monitoring, point-of-care diagnostics, and personal electronics. Herein, we demonstrate a simple, scalable, and cost-effective strategy for fabrication of a sensing electrode based on a waste newspaper with conformal coating of parylene C (P-paper). Thin polymeric layers over cellulose fibers allow the P-paper to possess improved mechanical and chemical stability, which results in high-performance flexible sensing platforms for the detection of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 based on DNA hybridization. Moreover, P-paper electrodes have the potential to serve as disposable, flexible sensing platforms for point-of-care testing biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinHo Yang
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Woo Jeong
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Jang
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Kim
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Bae
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap Seop Sim
- Fusion Process Technology Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Major of Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University , Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Nanobio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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43
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Zheng Q, Jin Y, Liu Z, Ouyang H, Li H, Shi B, Jiang W, Zhang H, Li Z, Wang ZL. Robust Multilayered Encapsulation for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator in Harsh Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26697-26703. [PMID: 27696802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting biomechanical energy especially in vivo is of special significance for sustainable powering of wearable/implantable electronics. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is one of the most promising solutions considering its high efficiency, low cost, light weight, and easy fabrication, but its performance will be greatly affected if there is moisture or liquid leaked into the device when applied in vivo. Here, we demonstrate a multiple encapsulation process of the TENG to maintain its output performance in various harsh environments. Through systematic studies, the encapsulated TENG showed great reliability in humid or even harsh environment over 30 days with a stability index of more than 95%. Given its outstanding reliability, the TENG has the potential to be applied in variety of circumstances to function as a sustainable power source for self-powered biomedical electronics and environmental sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Rao YVS, Raghavan AN, Viswanathan M. Fabrication and Characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Microfilms for Microfluidic Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x16600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to create patterns of piezo responsive material on smooth substrate is an important method to develop efficient microfluidic mixers. This paper reports the fabrication of Poly vinylidene fluoride microfilms using spin-coating on smooth glass surface. The suitable crystalline phases, surface morphology and microstructural properties of the PVDF films have been investigated. We found that films of average thickness 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, had average roughness of 0.13[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. These PVDF films are useful in microfluidic mixer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yammani Venkat Subba Rao
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Aravinda Narayanan Raghavan
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Meenakshi Viswanathan
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
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45
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Karahan HE, Birer Ö, Karakuş K, Yıldırım C. Shadow-casted ultrathin surface coatings of titanium and titanium/silicon oxide sol particles via ultrasound-assisted deposition. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 31:481-489. [PMID: 26964975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted deposition (USAD) of sol nanoparticles enables the formation of uniform and inherently stable thin films. However, the technique still suffers in coating hard substrates and the use of fast-reacting sol-gel precursors still remains challenging. Here, we report on the deposition of ultrathin titanium and titanium/silicon hybrid oxide coatings using hydroxylated silicon wafers as a model hard substrate. We use acetic acid as the catalyst which also suppresses the reactivity of titanium tetraisopropoxide while increasing the reactivity of tetraethyl orthosilicate through chemical modifications. Taking the advantage of this peculiar behavior, we successfully prepared titanium and titanium/silicon hybrid oxide coatings by USAD. Varying the amount of acetic acid in the reaction media, we managed to modulate thickness and surface roughness of the coatings in nanoscale. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies showed the formation of conformal coatings having nanoroughness. Quantitative chemical state maps obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested the formation of ultrathin (<10nm) coatings and thickness measurements by rotating analyzer ellipsometry supported this observation. For the first time, XPS chemical maps revealed the transport effect of ultrasonic waves since coatings were directly cast on rectangular substrates as circular shadows of the horn with clear thickness gradient from the center to the edges. In addition to the progress made in coating hard substrates, employing fast-reacting precursors and achieving hybrid coatings; this report provides the first visual evidence on previously suggested "acceleration and smashing" mechanism as the main driving force of USAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Enis Karahan
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Chemistry Department, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Özgür Birer
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Chemistry Department, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; KUYTAM, Surface Science and Technology Research Center, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
| | - Kerem Karakuş
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Chemistry Department, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Cansu Yıldırım
- KUYTAM, Surface Science and Technology Research Center, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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Park CW, Moon YG, Seong H, Jung SW, Oh JY, Na BS, Park NM, Lee SS, Im SG, Koo JB. Photolithography-Based Patterning of Liquid Metal Interconnects for Monolithically Integrated Stretchable Circuits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15459-15465. [PMID: 27250997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new patterning technique for gallium-based liquid metals on flat substrates, which can provide both high pattern resolution (∼20 μm) and alignment precision as required for highly integrated circuits. In a very similar manner as in the patterning of solid metal films by photolithography and lift-off processes, the liquid metal layer painted over the whole substrate area can be selectively removed by dissolving the underlying photoresist layer, leaving behind robust liquid patterns as defined by the photolithography. This quick and simple method makes it possible to integrate fine-scale interconnects with preformed devices precisely, which is indispensable for realizing monolithically integrated stretchable circuits. As a way for constructing stretchable integrated circuits, we propose a hybrid configuration composed of rigid device regions and liquid interconnects, which is constructed on a rigid substrate first but highly stretchable after being transferred onto an elastomeric substrate. This new method can be useful in various applications requiring both high-resolution and precisely aligned patterning of gallium-based liquid metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Park
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Moon
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Seong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Graphene Research Center KI for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Jung
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Oh
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Bock Soon Na
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae-Man Park
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Device Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Lee
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Graphene Research Center KI for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bon Koo
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
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Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Combination with Substrate for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:261-71. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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48
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Hansen RH, Timm AC, Timm CM, Bible AN, Morrell-Falvey JL, Pelletier DA, Simpson ML, Doktycz MJ, Retterer ST. Stochastic Assembly of Bacteria in Microwell Arrays Reveals the Importance of Confinement in Community Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155080. [PMID: 27152511 PMCID: PMC4859483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of microbial communities is deeply influenced by the physical and chemical architecture of the local microenvironment and the abundance of its community members. The complexity of this natural parameter space has made characterization of the key drivers of community development difficult. In order to facilitate these characterizations, we have developed a microwell platform designed to screen microbial growth and interactions across a wide variety of physical and initial conditions. Assembly of microbial communities into microwells was achieved using a novel biofabrication method that exploits well feature sizes for control of innoculum levels. Wells with incrementally smaller size features created populations with increasingly larger variations in inoculum levels. This allowed for reproducible growth measurement in large (20 μm diameter) wells, and screening for favorable growth conditions in small (5, 10 μm diameter) wells. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for screening and discovery using 5 μm wells to assemble P. aeruginosa colonies across a broad distribution of innoculum levels, and identify those conditions that promote the highest probability of survivial and growth under spatial confinement. Multi-member community assembly was also characterized to demonstrate the broad potential of this platform for studying the role of member abundance on microbial competition, mutualism and community succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Hansen
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.,The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrea C Timm
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Collin M Timm
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Amber N Bible
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Morrell-Falvey
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael L Simpson
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott T Retterer
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
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Controlling condensation and frost growth with chemical micropatterns. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19131. [PMID: 26796663 PMCID: PMC4726256 DOI: 10.1038/srep19131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In-plane frost growth on chilled hydrophobic surfaces is an inter-droplet phenomenon, where frozen droplets harvest water from neighboring supercooled liquid droplets to grow ice bridges that propagate across the surface in a chain reaction. To date, no surface has been able to passively prevent the in-plane growth of ice bridges across the population of supercooled condensate. Here, we demonstrate that when the separation between adjacent nucleation sites for supercooled condensate is properly controlled with chemical micropatterns prior to freezing, inter-droplet ice bridging can be slowed and even halted entirely. Since the edge-to-edge separation between adjacent supercooled droplets decreases with growth time, deliberately triggering an early freezing event to minimize the size of nascent condensation was also necessary. These findings reveal that inter-droplet frost growth can be passively suppressed by designing surfaces to spatially control nucleation sites and by temporally controlling the onset of freezing events.
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50
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Lee FW, Hung WH, Ma CW, Yang YJ. Polymer-based disposable microneedle array with insertion assisted by vibrating motion. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011905. [PMID: 26858811 PMCID: PMC4723397 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a disposable polymer-based microneedle array that carries out insertions by mimicking the vibrating motion of a mosquito's proboscis. The proposed device, which comprises a 10:1 high-aspect-ratio parylene microneedle array and a chamber structure, was monolithically realized using a novel fabrication process. The vibrating motion of the microneedles was generated using a piezoelectric actuator. This device can be potentially applied to extract and collect blood by puncturing the dermis layer of human skin. The fabricated device is advantageous because of its biocompatibility, simple fabrication process, and low associated costs. Additionally, the graph of the measured extraction flow rate versus the pressure drop that is presented shows an agreement with the results predicted by analytical models. A 40% reduction of insertion force was demonstrated when the microneedle insertion was assisted by actuator-induced vibratory motions. Buckling analyses for estimating the maximum loads that the microneedle can sustain before failure occurs were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between the insertion force and the vibration frequency was demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-W Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - W-H Hung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C-W Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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