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Zhang L, Duque-Estrada P, Li Q, Gao S, Lametsch R, Petersen IL. The proteomic evidence on protein oxidation in pea protein concentrate-based low-moisture extrudates and its inhibition by antioxidants derived from plant extracts. Food Chem 2024; 451:139435. [PMID: 38678660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of golden chlorella (GoC) and grape pomace (GrP) extracts both in vitro and in pea protein-based extrudates. We hypothesized that GoC/GrP would limit oxidation of proteins in the extrudates compared with commercial antioxidants. The results showed that GoC extract was effective in metal chelation and GrP extract possessed excellent radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Protein oxidation inevitably occurred after low-moisture extrusion in terms of elevated level of protein carbonyls and the gradual loss of thiols. LC-MS/MS revealed that the monoxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal adduction were the major oxidative modifications, and legumin was the most susceptible globulin for oxidation. The GoC/GrP extracts effectively retarded the oxidation progress in extrudates by lower intensity of oxidized peptides, whereas protein electrophoretic profiles remained unaffected. This study highlighted the great potential of GoC/GrP as natural antioxidants in plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longteng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Song Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 10083 Beijing, China
| | - René Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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2
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Tomar RS, Rai-Kalal P, Jajoo A. Enhancing bioremediation potential of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus by NaCl for pyrene degradation. Biodegradation 2024; 35:687-699. [PMID: 38416268 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly recognized as promising organisms for bioremediation of organic pollutants. This study investigates the potential of enhancing the bioremediation efficiency of pyrene (PYR), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), through NaCl induced physiological and biochemical alterations in two microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus. Our findings reveal significant improvement in PYR removal when these microalgae were cultivated in the presence of 0.1% NaCl where PYR removal increased from 54 to 74% for C. vulgaris and from 26 to 75% for S. acutus. However, it was observed that NaCl induced stress had varying effects on the two species. While C. vulgaris exhibited increased PYR removal, it experienced reduced growth and biomass production, as well as lower photosynthetic efficiency when exposed to PYR and PYR + NaCl. In contrast, S. acutus displayed better growth and biomass accumulation under PYR + NaCl conditions, making it a more efficient candidate for enhancing PYR bioremediation in the presence of NaCl. In addition to assessing growth and biochemical content, we also investigated stress biomarkers, such as lipid peroxidation, polyphenol and proline contents. These findings suggest that S. acutus holds promise as an alternative microalgae species for PYR removal in the presence of NaCl, offering potential advantages in terms of bioremediation efficiency and ecological sustainability. This study highlights the importance of understanding the physiological and biochemical responses of microalgae to environmental stressors, which can be harnessed to optimize bioremediation strategies for the removal of organic pollutants like PYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India.
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
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3
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Čmiková N, Kowalczewski PŁ, Kmiecik D, Tomczak A, Drożdżyńska A, Ślachciński M, Królak J, Kačániová M. Characterization of Selected Microalgae Species as Potential Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidants. Foods 2024; 13:2160. [PMID: 38998665 PMCID: PMC11241656 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are exceptional organisms from a nutritional perspective, boasting an array of bioactive compounds that have long justified their incorporation into human diets. In this study, we explored the potential of five microalgae species: Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Chaetoceros muelleri, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Tisochrysis lutea. We conducted comprehensive analyses of their nutritional profiles, encompassing protein content, individual amino acid composition, mineral and trace element levels, fatty acid profiles (including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)), polyphenol compositions, and vitamin B content. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using two methods: ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total protein content of the microalgae ranged from 34.09 ± 0.39% to 42.45 ± 0.18%, with the highest concentration observed in T. weissflogii. Essential amino acids such as histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine were present in concentrations ranging from 0.53 ± 0.02 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Glutamic acid emerged as the most abundant amino acid, with concentrations ranging from 6.73 ± 0.82 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Among the microalgae species, T. chuii exhibited the highest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn), while C. muelleri showed prominence in magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). T. weissflogii stood out for its potassium (K) content, and T. lutea contained notable amounts of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). Regarding fatty acid profiles, Nannochloropsis sp. and T. chuii were predominantly composed of SFA, while C. muelleri and T. weissflogii were rich in MUFA. PUFAs dominated the fatty acid profile of T. lutea, which also exhibited the most diverse range of polyphenolic substances. We also analyzed the B vitamin content, with T. lutea displaying the highest concentrations of niacin (B3) and riboflavin (B2). Antioxidant activity was confirmed for all microalgae tested using DPPH and ABTS radical IC50 (mg/mL) converted to Trolox equivalent (TEAC). These findings underscore the substantial potential of the examined microalgae species as sources of biologically valuable substances characterized by rapid growth and relatively undemanding cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Čmiková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta Tomczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 48 Mazowiecka St., 60-623 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Ślachciński
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, 4 Berdychowo St., 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Królak
- Students' Scientific Club of Food Technologists, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warszawa, Poland
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4
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Huang J, Wang H, Xue X, Zhang R. Impacts of microplastic and seawater acidification on unicellular red algae: Growth response, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, and extracellular polymer substances. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106960. [PMID: 38761586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution and seawater acidification have increasingly become huge threats to the ocean ecosystem. Their impacts on microalgae are of great importance, since microalgae are the main primary producers and play a critical role in marine ecosystems. However, the impact of microplastics and acidification on unicellular red algae, which have a unique phycobiliprotein antenna system, remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of polystyrene-MPs alone and the combined effects of MPs and seawater acidification on the typical unicellular marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum were investigated in the current study. The result showed that, under normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were increased by 17.75-41.67 % compared to the control when microalgae were exposed to small-sized MPs (0.1 μm) at concentrations of 5-100 mg L-1. In addition, the photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme system were not subjected to negative effects. The large-sized MPs (1 μm) boosted microalgae growth at a low concentration of MPs (5 mg L-1). However, it was observed that microalgae growth was significantly inhibited when MPs concentration increased up to 50 and 100 mg L-1, accompanied by the remarkably reduced Fv/Fm value and the elevated levels of SOD, CAT enzymes, phycoerythrin (PE), and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Compared to the normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were enhanced by 52.11-332.56 % under seawater acidification, depending on MPs sizes and concentrations, due to the formed CO2-enrichment condition and appropriate pH range. PE content in microalgal cells was significantly enhanced, but SOD and CAT activities as well as EPS content markedly decreased under acidification conditions. Overall, the impacts of seawater acidification were more pronounced than MPs impacts on microalgae growth and physiological responses. These findings will contribute to a substantial understanding of the effects of MPs on marine unicellular red microalgae, especially in future seawater acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Hanlong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ruizeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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5
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Zhu X, Zhu J, Xu Z, Liu X. Spermacoce alata Aubl. Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, and Inhibitory Effects of Acetylcholinesterase, α-Glucosidase and β-Lactamase. Molecules 2024; 29:2869. [PMID: 38930934 PMCID: PMC11206966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spermacoce alata Aubl. is widely available in the market as traditional Chinese medicine and animal feed, due to its properties of clearing heat and treating malaria and its high-protein and crude fiber content. In this study, the essential oil of S. alata was obtained through hydrodistillation. GC-MS and GC-FID methods were used to identify the chemical components and their relative abundance. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was measured using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and the inhibitory effects of acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and β-lactamase were also evaluated. A total of 67 compounds were identified, with the major constituents being palmitic acid (30.74%), linoleic acid (16.13%), and phenylheptatriyne (8.07%). The essential oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50 > 10 mg/mL), while the IC50 value for the ABTS assay was 3.84 ± 2.12 mg/mL and the FRAP assay value was 87.22 ± 12.22 µM/g. Additionally, the essential oil showed moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50 = 286.0 ± 79.04 μg/mL), significant anti-α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 174.7 ± 13.12 μg/mL), and potent anti-β-lactamase activity (IC50 = 37.56 ± 3.48 μg/mL). The results suggest that S. alata has the potential for application in pharmacology, warranting further exploration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jiadong Zhu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Ziyue Xu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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6
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Baldisserotto C, Gessi S, Ferraretto E, Merighi S, Ardondi L, Giacò P, Ferroni L, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pancaldi S. Cultivation modes affect the morphology, biochemical composition, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7. [PMID: 38864933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered promising sustainable sources of natural bioactive compounds to be used in biotechnological sectors. In recent years, attention is increasingly given to the search of microalgae-derived compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for nutraceutical or pharmacological issues. In this context, attention is usually focused on the composition and bioactivity of algae or their extracts, while less interest is driven to their biological features, for example, those related to morphology and cultivation conditions. In addition, specific studies on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of microalgae mainly concern Chlorella or Spirulina. The present work was focused on the characterization of the Chlorophyta Neochloris oleoabundans under two combinations of cultivation modes: autotrophy and glucose-induced mixotrophy, each followed by starvation. Biomass for morphological and biochemical characterization, as well as for extract preparation, was harvested at the end of each cultivation phase. Analyses indicated a different content of the most important classes of bioactive compounds with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (lipids, exo-polysaccharides, pigments, total phenolics, and proteins). In particular, the most promising condition able to prompt the production of antioxidant algal biomass with anti-inflammatory properties was the mixotrophic one. Under mixotrophy, beside an elevated algal biomass production, a strong photosynthetic metabolism with high appression of thylakoid membranes and characteristics of high photo-protection from oxidative damage was observed and linked to the overproduction of exo-polysaccharides and lipids rather than pigments. Overall, mixotrophy appears a good choice to produce natural bioactive extracts, potentially well tolerated by human metabolism and environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Ferraretto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ardondi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Giacò
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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7
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Liu Y, Lin L, Zheng H, Huang H, Qian ZJ. Microalgae Octapeptide IIAVEAGC Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity in 6-OHDA-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulating the Nrf2/HO-1and Jak2/Stat3 Pathways. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301509. [PMID: 38594219 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of selectively vulnerable populations of neurons, and many factors are involved in its causes. Neurotoxicity and oxidative stress, are the main related factors. The octapeptide Ile-Ile-Ala-Val-Glu-Ala-Gly-Cys (IEC) was identified from the microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and exhibited potential anti-oxidative stress activity. In this study, the stability of α-synaptic protein binding to IEC was modeled using molecular dynamics, and the results indicated binding stabilization within 60 ns. Oxidative stress in neurons is the major cause of α-synaptic protein congestion. Therefore, we next evaluated the protective effects of IEC against oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in 6-ohdainduced Parkinson's disease (PD) model SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. In oxidative stress, IEC appeared to increase the expression of the antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and GPX through the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2, and molecular docking of IEC with Nrf2 and GPX could generate hydrogen bonds. Regarding apoptosis, IEC protected cells by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inhibiting the caspase cascade, acting on p53, and modulating the Jak2/Stat3 pathway. The results indicated that IEC exerted neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of α-synaptic protein aggregation and antioxidant activity. Therefore, microalgal peptides have promising applications in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Liyuan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Huixue Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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8
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Lee JY, Wong CY, Koh RY, Lim CL, Kok YY, Chye SM. Natural Bioactive Compounds from Macroalgae and Microalgae for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2024; 97:205-224. [PMID: 38947104 PMCID: PMC11202106 DOI: 10.59249/jnkb9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, toxic protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathways in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting these mechanisms with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and inhibitors of Aβ formation and aggregation is crucial for treatment. Marine algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds, including carbohydrates, phenolics, fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, fatty acids, and vitamins. In recent years, they have attracted interest from the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to their exceptional biological activities, which include anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-apoptosis properties. Multiple lines of evidence have unveiled the potential neuroprotective effects of these multifunctional algal compounds for application in treating and managing AD. This article will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds derived from algae based on in vitro and in vivo models of neuroinflammation and AD. We will also discuss their potential as disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical
University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Yen Wong
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science and
Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science and
Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooi Ling Lim
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science and
Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yih Yih Kok
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science and
Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science and
Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Xu Y, Shui X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhao B, Sun D. Toxicological effects and mechanisms of lithium on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system in the freshwater microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133898. [PMID: 38422737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of lithium (Li) batteries has drawn public attention to Li as an emerging pollutant. The present study investigates the toxicity of Li+ on Chromochloris zofingiensis, examining physiological, biochemical and omics aspects. Results reveal hormesis effects of Li+ on C. zofingiensis growth. At Li+ concentrations below 5 mg L-1, Li+ can enhance chlorophyll content, mitochondrial activity, and antioxidant capacity, leading to increased dry cell weight and cell number. Conversely, when it exceeded 10 mg L-1, Li+ can reduce chlorophyll content, induce oxidative stress, and disrupt chloroplast and mitochondria structure and function, ultimately impeding cell growth. In addition, under 50 mg L-1 Li+ stress, microalgae optimize absorbed light energy use (increasing Fv/Fm and E TR ) and respond to stress by up-regulating genes in starch and lipid biosynthesis pathways, promoting the accumulation of storage components. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicates that peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, GTPase and L-ascorbate oxidase might be the key regulators in response to Li+ stress. This research marks the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of Li+ on freshwater microalga, which would improve our understanding of Li's toxicology and contributing to the establishment of Li pollution standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoxi Shui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Min Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Dongzhe Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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10
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Raja P, Marigoudar SR, Karthikeyan P, Barath Kumar S, Nagarjuna A, Srinivas TNR, Srirama Krishna M, Sharma KV, Ramana Murthy MV. Responses of plankton community to threshold metal concentrations of cadmium and lead in a mesocosm experiment at Bay of Bengal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120982. [PMID: 38678904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Metals are essential at trace levels to aquatic organisms for the function of many physiological and biological processes. But their elevated levels are toxic to the ecosystem and even brings about shifts in the plankton population. Threshold limits such as Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC - 0.6 μg/l of Cd; 2.7 μg/l of Pb), Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC - 3.0 μg/l of Cd; 4.5 μg/l of Pb) and Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC - 23 μg/l of Cd; 130 μg/l of Pb) prescribed for Indian coastal waters were used for the study. Short-term mesocosm experiments (96 h) were conducted in coastal waters of Visakhapatnam to evaluate responses of the planktonic community on exposure to threshold concentrations of cadmium and lead for the first time. Four individual experimental bags of 2500 L capacity (Control, PNEC, CCC & CMC) were used for the deployment and ambient water samples were analysed simultaneously to evaluate the impacts of the threshold levels in the natural waters. Chaetoceros sp. were dominant group in the control system whereas, Prorocentrum sp. Ceratium sp. Tintinopsis sp. Chaetoceros sp. and Skeletonema sp. were major groups in the test bags. Throughout the experiment the phytoplankton community did not show any significant differences with increased nutrients and plankton biomass (Chl-a <8.64 mg/m3). Positive response of plankton community was observed in the experimental bags. High abundance of diatoms were observed in PNEC, CCC & CMC bags at 48 h and the abundance decreased with shift in the species at 72-96 h. The catalase activity in phytoplankton (5.99 nmol/min/ml) and the zooplankton (4.77 nmol/min/ml) showed induction after exposure to PNEC. The present mesocosm study is confirmed that short-term exposure to threshold metal concentration did not affects the phytoplankton community structure in PNEC, but CCC and CMC affects the community structure beyond 24 h. The insights from this study will serve as a baseline information and help develop environmental management tools. We believe that long-term mesocosm experiments would unravel metal detoxification mechanisms at the cellular level and metal transfer rate at higher trophic levels in real-world environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaikkaran Raja
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Shambanagouda R Marigoudar
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India.
| | - Panneerselvam Karthikeyan
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Sarvalingam Barath Kumar
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Avula Nagarjuna
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | | | - Moturi Srirama Krishna
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography-Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam 530 017, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Venkatarama Sharma
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
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11
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Mariam I, Krikigianni E, Rantzos C, Bettiga M, Christakopoulos P, Rova U, Matsakas L, Patel A. Transcriptomics aids in uncovering the metabolic shifts and molecular machinery of Schizochytrium limacinum during biotransformation of hydrophobic substrates to docosahexaenoic acid. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:97. [PMID: 38561811 PMCID: PMC10983653 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotransformation of waste oil into value-added nutraceuticals provides a sustainable strategy. Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic marine protists and promising producers of omega (ω) fatty acids. Although the metabolic routes for the assimilation of hydrophilic carbon substrates such as glucose are known for these microbes, the mechanisms employed for the conversion of hydrophobic substrates are not well established. Here, thraustochytrid Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 was investigated for its ability to convert oils (commercial oils with varying fatty acid composition and waste cooking oil) into ω-3 fatty acid; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). RESULTS Within 72 h SR21 consumed ~ 90% of the oils resulting in enhanced biomass (7.5 g L- 1) which was 2-fold higher as compared to glucose. Statistical analysis highlights C16 fatty acids as important precursors of DHA biosynthesis. Transcriptomic data indicated the upregulation of multiple lipases, predicted to possess signal peptides for secretory, membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic localization. Additionally, transcripts encoding for mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation along with acyl-carnitine transporters were abundant for oil substrates that allowed complete degradation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA. Further, low levels of oxidative biomarkers (H2O2, malondialdehyde) and antioxidants were determined for hydrophobic substrates, suggesting that SR21 efficiently mitigates the metabolic load and diverts the acetyl CoA towards energy generation and DHA accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study contribute to uncovering the route of assimilation of oil substrates by SR21. The thraustochytrid employs an intricate crosstalk among the extracellular and intracellular molecular machinery favoring energy generation. The conversion of hydrophobic substrates to DHA can be further improved using synthetic biology tools, thereby providing a unique platform for the sustainable recycling of waste oil substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mariam
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Eleni Krikigianni
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Chloe Rantzos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Bettiga
- Department of Life Sciences - LIFE, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
- Innovation Unit, Italbiotec Srl Società Benefit, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden.
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12
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Khalil RH, Abdel-Razek N, Younis NA, Shady SHH, Monier MN, Abdel-Latif HMR. Dietary effects of microalga Tetraselmis suecica on growth, antioxidant-immune activity, inflammation cytokines, and resistance of Nile tilapia fingerlings to Aeromonas sobria infection. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:511-526. [PMID: 38054788 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The dietary effects of the green microalga Tetraselmis suecica (TS) on the growth, digestive enzymes, immune and antioxidant responses, genes expression, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were investigated. This microalga was mixed with the diet' ingredients at doses of 0.0 (the control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg diet and then fed to fish daily for 84 days. After the feeding trial, fish were experimentally challenged with Aeromonas sobria, infection and fish mortalities were recorded for another 10 days. Dietary TS significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced growth, digestive enzymes activities, and blood proteins, particularly at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Feeding the fish on 15 TS/kg feed exhibited highest mRNA expressions of GH and IGF-1 genes as well as SOD, CAT, and GPx genes compared to other TS groups. Moreover, highest levels of hepatic antioxidant and immune indices were found in the treatment of 15 g TS/kg feed. Significant downregulation of IL-1β and IL-8 genes expression and significant upregulation of IL-10 gene expression were observed in TS-fed fish, principally in fish groups fed on 15-20 g TS/kg feed. Conversely, hepatic malondialdehyde levels, blood glucose, and the activities of transaminases (ALT and AST) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in fish fed with 15-20 g TS/kg diet. Serum bactericidal activity against A. sobria was significantly higher in TS-fed fish groups, and its highest levels were found in treatments of 15-20 g/kg diet. Of interest, the survival rates of fish groups fed diets with 10-20 g TS/kg feed were higher after the challenge with A. sobria infection than the control group. Accordingly, we can conclude that supplementing fish diets with a 15 g TS/kg diet enhanced the growth, antioxidant and immune activities, and resistance of Nile tilapia fingerlings to possible A. sobria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abdel-Razek
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Younis
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherien H H Shady
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Monier
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Alavianghavanini A, Shayesteh H, Bahri PA, Vadiveloo A, Moheimani NR. Microalgae cultivation for treating agricultural effluent and producing value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169369. [PMID: 38104821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated within agricultural sectors such as dairies, piggeries, poultry farms, and cattle meat processing plants is expected to reach 600 million m3 yr-1 globally. Currently, the wastewater produced by these industries are primarily treated by aerobic and anaerobic methods. However, the treated effluent maintains a significant concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. On the other hand, the valorisation of conventional microalgae biomass into bioproducts with high market value still requires expensive processing pathways such as dewatering and extraction. Consequently, cultivating microalgae using agricultural effluents shows the potential as a future technology for producing value-added products and treated water with low nutrient content. This review explores the feasibility of growing microalgae on agricultural effluents and their ability to remove nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition to evaluating the market size and value of products from wastewater-grown microalgae, we also analysed their biochemical characteristics including protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and pigment content. Furthermore, we assessed the costs of both upstream and downstream processing of biomass to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic potential of the process. The findings from this study are expected to facilitate further techno-economic and feasibility assessments by providing insights into optimized processing pathways and ultimately leading to the reduction of costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Alavianghavanini
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hajar Shayesteh
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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14
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Santos LCD, Azevedo LS, Siqueira EPD, Castro AHF, Lima LARDS. Chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of fatty acids methyl esters from Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae) seeds. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:619-623. [PMID: 38285922 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2179624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Handroanthus impetiginosus, popularly known as "ipê-roxo", is used in folk medicine to treat skin inflammations, infections, stomach diseases, and cancer. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained from the esterification reaction of fatty acids (FA) found in the hexane extract (HE) of seeds of H. impetiginosus were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the HE and FAMEs were evaluated. Methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, and methyl stearate were the major FAMEs obtained from the HE. The samples, especially the HE, exhibited a significant antioxidant potential analyzed by ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) assay. In the A. salina larvae bioassay, the HE showed no cytotoxic effects, but the FAMEs exhibited a high toxicity. This study reported, for the first time, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the HE and FAMEs obtained from H. impetiginosus seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Santos Azevedo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Ezequias Pessoa de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz/MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Nikolova K, Gentscheva G, Gyurova D, Pavlova V, Dincheva I, Velikova M, Gerasimova A, Makedonski L, Gergov G. Metabolomic Profile of Arthrospira platensis from a Bulgarian Bioreactor-A Potential Opportunity for Inclusion in Dietary Supplements. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38398682 PMCID: PMC10890032 DOI: 10.3390/life14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to elucidate the metabolomic profile of Arthrospira platensis grown in a bioreactor in Bulgaria. The results show that Arthrospira platensis has a high content of mannose, 137.02 mg g-1, and vitamin A (retinol)-10.3 μg/100 g. High concentrations of calcium, sulfur, and zinc distinguish its elemental composition. The freeze-dried powder contained 15.81 ± 0.45% dietary fiber, 50.16 ± 0.25% total protein content, and 1.22 ± 0.11% total fat content. Among the unsaturated fatty acids with the highest content is α-linolenic acid (25.28%), while among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid prevails (22.55%). Of the sterols in the sample, β-sitosterol predominated. There is no presence of microcystins LR, RR, YR, and nodularin. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis grown in a Bulgarian bioreactor is safe for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Many of the organic compounds found have applications in medicine and pharmacology and play an important role in biochemical processes in the body. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis grown in Bulgaria has a high potential for use as an independent food supplement or in combination with other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galia Gentscheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Gyurova
- Department of Analytical and Laboratory Activities, National Center of Public Health and Analyses—Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.G.)
| | - Vera Pavlova
- Department of Analytical and Laboratory Activities, National Center of Public Health and Analyses—Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.G.)
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Margarita Velikova
- Department of Physiology, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Anelia Gerasimova
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubomir Makedonski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University—Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Georgi Gergov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bontchev Str., Bl.103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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16
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Songserm R, Nishiyama Y, Sanevas N. Light Influences the Growth, Pigment Synthesis, Photosynthesis Capacity, and Antioxidant Activities in Scenedesmus falcatus. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:1898624. [PMID: 38293704 PMCID: PMC10827371 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1898624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Light plays a significant role in microalgae cultivation, significantly influencing critical parameters, including biomass production, pigment content, and the accumulation of metabolic compounds. This study was intricately designed to optimize light intensities, explicitly targeting enhancing growth, pigmentation, and antioxidative properties in the green microalga, Scenedesmus falcatus (KU.B1). Additionally, the study delved into the photosynthetic efficiency in light responses of S. falcatus. The cultivation of S. falcatus was conducted in TRIS-acetate-phosphate medium (TAP medium) under different light intensities of 100, 500, and 1000 μmol photons m-2·s-1 within a photoperiodic cycle of 12 h of light and 12 h of dark. Results indicated a gradual increase in the growth of S. falcatus under high light conditions at 1000 μmol photons m-2·s-1, reaching a maximum optical density of 1.33 ± 0.03 and a total chlorophyll content of 22.67 ± 0.2 μg/ml at 120 h. Conversely, a slower growth rate was observed under low light at 100 μmol photons m-2·s-1. However, noteworthy reductions in the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and actual quantum yield (Y(II)) were observed under 1000 μmol photons m-2·s-1, reflecting a decline in algal photosynthetic efficiency. Interestingly, these changes under 1000 μmol photons m-2·s-1 were concurrent with a significant accumulation of a high amount of beta-carotene (919.83 ± 26.33 mg/g sample), lutein (34.56 ± 0.19 mg/g sample), and canthaxanthin (24.00 ± 0.38 mg/g sample) within algal cells. Nevertheless, it was noted that antioxidant activities and levels of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) decreased under high light at 1000 μmol photons m-2·s-1, with IC50 of DPPH assay recorded at 218.00 ± 4.24 and TPC at 230.83 ± 86.75 mg of GAE/g. The findings suggested that the elevated light intensity at 1000 μmol photons m-2·s-1 enhanced the growth and facilitated the accumulation of valuable carotenoid pigment in S. falcatus, presenting potential applications in the functional food and carotenoid industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanaporn Songserm
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkean, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nuttha Sanevas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkean, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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17
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Ismaiel MMS, Piercey-Normore MD. Cooperative antioxidative defense of the blue-green alga Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis under oxidative stress imposed by exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:123002. [PMID: 38000724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally-safe algaecide used to control harmful algal blooms and as a disinfectant in various domestic and industrial applications. It is produced naturally in sunny-water or as a by-product during growth, and metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. To assess the impact of H2O2 on Arthrospira platensis, several biochemical components, and antioxidant enzymes were analysed. The growth and biomass of A. platensis were decreased under the effect of H2O2. Whereas, the concentration up to 40 μM H2O2 non-significantly induced (at P < 0.05) the Chl a, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), total phycobiliprotein (PBP), and the radical scavenging activity of A. platensis. The half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) for H2O2 were 57, 65, and 74 μM H2O2 with regards to the biomass yield, Chl a, and C-PC content, respectively. While, the total soluble protein, and soluble carbohydrates contents were significantly induced. However, the higher concentrations (60 and 80 μM) were lethal to these components, in parallel to the initiation of the lipid peroxidation process. Surprisingly, the carotenoids content was non-significantly increased by H2O2. Despite the relative consistency of catalase (CAT), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were boosted by all of the tested concentrations of H2O2. The relative transcript abundance of selected regulatory genes was also investigated. Except for the highest dose (80 μM), the tested concentrations had almost inhibitory effect on the relative transcripts of heat shock protein (HSP90), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), delta-9 desaturase (desC), iron-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and the Rubisco (the large subunit, rbcL) genes. The results demonstrated the importance of the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants for the cumulative tolerance of A. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M S Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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18
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Zhou L, Duan X, Li K, Hill DRA, Martin GJO, Suleria HAR. Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Marine Microalgae and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300602. [PMID: 37798811 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compared free and bound phenolic compounds in various marine microalgae species. It assessed total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total condensed tannin content (TCT) and their antioxidant capacities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS⋅+ ) radical cation-based assay and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was also employed to characterize the phenolic profiling. Results showed that free phenolic compounds ranged from 1.83-6.45 mg GAE/g d. w., while bound phenolic compounds ranged from 4.03-26.03 mg GAE/g d. w., indicating significant differences. These variations were consistent across assays, highlining unique profiles in different species. A total 10 phenolics were found in these seven microalgae, including 1 phenolic acid, 6 flavonoids, 1 other polyphenol and 2 lignans. 4'-O-methyl-(-)-epigallocatechin 7-O-glucuronide and chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside in microalgae were firstly reported in microalgal samples. These findings have implications for future applications in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Kunning Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - David R A Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
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Su M, Bastiaens L, Verspreet J, Hayes M. Applications of Microalgae in Foods, Pharma and Feeds and Their Use as Fertilizers and Biostimulants: Legislation and Regulatory Aspects for Consideration. Foods 2023; 12:3878. [PMID: 37893770 PMCID: PMC10606004 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a rich resource of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and pigments with nutritional and health benefits. They increasingly find use as ingredients in functional foods and feeds as well as in cosmetics and agricultural products including biostimulants. One of their distinct advantages is their ability to grow on wastewaters and other waste streams, and they are considered an environmentally friendly and cheap method to recover nutrients and remove pollutants from the environment. However, there are limits concerning their applications if grown on certain waste streams. Within, we collate an overview of existing algal applications and current market scenarios for microalgal products as foods and feeds along with relevant legislative requirements concerning their use in Europe and the United States. Microalgal compounds of interest and their extraction and processing methodologies are summarized, and the benefits and caveats of microalgae cultivated in various waste streams and their applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joran Verspreet
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Maria Hayes
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
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20
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E, Zerva A, Pantiora PD, Georgakis ND, Tsintzou GP, Madesis P, Labrou NE. Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition, Health and Livestock Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37891962 PMCID: PMC10604252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a renewable and sustainable source of bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant compounds, that have been documented to have beneficial effects on nutrition and health. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, has increased. The antioxidant activity of microalgae significantly varies between species and depends on growth conditions. In the last decade, microalgae have been explored in livestock animals as feed additives with the aim of improving both animals' health and performance as well as product quality and the environmental impact of livestock. These findings are highly dependent on the composition of microalgae strain and their amount in the diet. The use of carbohydrate-active enzymes can increase nutrient bioavailability as a consequence of recalcitrant microalgae cell wall degradation, making it a promising strategy for monogastric nutrition for improving livestock productivity. The use of microalgae as an alternative to conventional feedstuffs is becoming increasingly important due to food-feed competition, land degradation, water deprivation, and climate change. However, the cost-effective production and use of microalgae is a major challenge in the near future, and their cultivation technology should be improved by reducing production costs, thus increasing profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota D Pantiora
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia P Tsintzou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, P.O. Box 361, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
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21
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Wu JY, Tso R, Teo HS, Haldar S. The utility of algae as sources of high value nutritional ingredients, particularly for alternative/complementary proteins to improve human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1277343. [PMID: 37904788 PMCID: PMC10613476 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1277343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population continues to grow, the demand for dietary protein is rapidly increasing, necessitating the exploration of sustainable and nutritious protein sources. Algae has emerged as a promising food source due to their high value ingredients such as proteins, as well as for their environmental sustainability and abundance. However, knowledge gaps surrounding dietary recommendations and food applications restrict algae's utilization as a viable protein source. This review aims to address these gaps by assessing the suitability of both microalgae and macroalgae as alternative/complementary protein sources and exploring their potential applications in food products. The first section examines the potential suitability of algae as a major food source by analyzing the composition and bioavailability of key components in algal biomass, including proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and micronutrients. Secondly, the biological effects of algae, particularly their impact on metabolic health are investigated with an emphasis on available clinical evidence. While evidence reveals protective effects of algae on glucose and lipid homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory properties, further research is required to understand the longer-term impact of consuming algal protein, protein isolates, and concentrates on metabolic health, including protein metabolism. The review then explores the potential of algal proteins in food applications, including ways to overcome their sensory limitations, such as their dark pigmentation, taste, and odor, in order to improve consumer acceptance. To maximize algae's potential as a valuable protein source in the food sector, future research should prioritize the production of more acceptable algal biomass and explore new advances in food sciences and technology for improved consumer acceptance. Overall, this paper supports the potential utility of algae as a sustainable and healthy ingredient source for widespread use in future food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Wu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tso
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Sze Teo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
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22
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Thabet J, Elleuch J, Martínez F, Abdelkafi S, Hernández LE, Fendri I. Characterization of cellular toxicity induced by sub-lethal inorganic mercury in the marine microalgae Chlorococcum dorsiventrale isolated from a metal-polluted coastal site. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139391. [PMID: 37414298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects numerous marine aquatic ecosystems. We isolated Chlorococcum dorsiventrale Ch-UB5 microalga from coastal areas of Tunisia suffering from metal pollution and analyzed its tolerance to Hg. This strain accumulated substantial amounts of Hg and was able to remove up to 95% of added metal after 24 and 72 h in axenic cultures. Mercury led to lesser biomass growth, higher cell aggregation, significant inhibition of photochemical activity, and appearance of oxidative stress and altered redox enzymatic activities, with proliferation of starch granules and neutral lipids vesicles. Such changes matched the biomolecular profile observed using Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy, with remarkable spectral changes corresponding to lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. C. dorsiventrale accumulated the chloroplastic heat shock protein HSP70B and the autophagy-related ATG8 protein, probably to counteract the toxic effects of Hg. However, long-term treatments (72 h) usually resulted in poorer physiological and metabolic responses, associated with acute stress. C. dorsiventrale has potential use for Hg phycoremediation in marine ecosystems, with the ability to accumulating energetic reserves that could be used for biofuel production, supporting the notion of using of C. dorsiventrale for sustainable green chemistry in parallel to metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Thabet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Flor Martínez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luis Eduardo Hernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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23
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Phumat P, Chaichit S, Potprommanee S, Preedalikit W, Sainakham M, Poomanee W, Chaiyana W, Kiattisin K. Influence of Benincasa hispida Peel Extracts on Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Activities, including Molecular Docking Simulation. Foods 2023; 12:3555. [PMID: 37835208 PMCID: PMC10573066 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Benincasa hispida peel, a type of postconsumer waste, is considered a source of beneficial phytochemicals. Therefore, it was subjected to investigation for biological activities in this study. B. hispida peel was extracted using 95% v/v, 50% v/v ethanol and water. The obtained extracts were B95, B50 and BW. B95 had a high flavonoid content (212.88 ± 4.73 mg QE/g extract) and phenolic content (131.52 ± 0.38 mg GAE/g extract) and possessed high antioxidant activities as confirmed by DPPH, ABTS and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Moreover, B95 showed inhibitory effects against collagenase and hyaluronidase with values of 41.68 ± 0.92% and 29.17 ± 0.66%, which related to anti-aging activities. Via the HPLC analysis, one of the potential compounds found in B95 was rutin. Molecular docking has provided an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of extracts with collagenase and hyaluronidase. All extracts were not toxic to fibroblast cells and did not irritate the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane, which indicated its safe use. In conclusion, B. hispida peel extracts are promising potential candidates for further use as antioxidant and anti-aging agents in the food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpak Phumat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Siripat Chaichit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Siriporn Potprommanee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Weeraya Preedalikit
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Mathukorn Sainakham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (W.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Worrapan Poomanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (W.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (W.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Kanokwan Kiattisin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (W.P.); (W.C.)
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Rasti F, Ahmadi E, Safari M, Abdollahi A, Satvati S, Ranjbar R, Osanloo M. Anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects of nanoemulsion of Origanum majorana essential oil. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:565-573. [PMID: 38045710 PMCID: PMC10692963 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i4.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study aimed to develop a natural nanoemulsion with antibacterial and anticancer properties. Materials and Methods The chemical composition of the Origanum majorana essential oil was investigated using GC-MS analysis. Besides, the successful loading of the essential oil in the nanoemulsion was confirmed using ATR-FTIR analysis. Moreover, nanoemulsion's anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities were investigated. Results Terpinen-4-o1 (46.90%) was identified as the major compound in the essential oil. The nanoemulsion with a 149 ± 5 nm droplet size and zeta potential of -11 ± 1 mV was prepared. The cytotoxic effect of the nanoemulsion against A-375 human melanoma cells (IC50 = 139 μg/mL) showed significantly more potency than A-549 human lung cancer cells (IC50 = 318 μg/mL). Interestingly, growth of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative) bacteria after treatment with 4800 μg/mL of nanoemulsion were obtained at 12 ± 2 and 6 ± 1%, respectively. However, the IC50 value of nanoemulsion against E. coli (580 μg/mL) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from S. aureus (611 μg/mL). Conclusion A straightforward preparation method, high stability, and multi-biological effects are the main advantages of the prepared nanoemulsion. Therefore it could be considered for further investigation in vivo studies or complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rasti
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elahe Ahmadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Safari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saha Satvati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Razie Ranjbar
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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25
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Lim Y, Park SH, Kim EJ, Lim H, Jang J, Hong IS, Kim S, Jung Y. Polar microalgae extracts protect human HaCaT keratinocytes from damaging stimuli and ameliorate psoriatic skin inflammation in mice. Biol Res 2023; 56:40. [PMID: 37438821 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polar microalgae contain unique compounds that enable them to adapt to extreme environments. As the skin barrier is our first line of defense against external threats, polar microalgae extracts may possess restorative properties for damaged skin, but the potential of microalgae extracts as skin protective agents remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze compound profiles from polar microalgae extracts, evaluate their potential as skin epithelial protective agents, and examine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Six different polar microalgae, Micractinium sp. (KSF0015 and KSF0041), Chlamydomonas sp. (KNM0029C, KSF0037, and KSF0134), and Chlorococcum sp. (KSF0003), were collected from the Antarctic or Arctic regions. Compound profiles of polar and non-polar microalgae extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The protective activities of polar microalgae extracts on human keratinocyte cell lines against oxidative stress, radiation, and psoriatic cytokine exposure were assessed. The potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by KSF0041, a polar microalga with protective properties against oxidative stress, ultraviolet (UV) B, and an inflammatory cytokine cocktail, were investigated using RNA-sequencing analysis. To evaluate the therapeutic activity of KSF0041, an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriatic dermatitis was used. RESULTS Polar microalgae contain components comparable to those of their non-polar counterparts, but also showed distinct differences, particularly in fatty acid composition. Polar microalgae extracts had a greater ability to scavenge free radicals than did non-polar microalgae and enhanced the viability of HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, following exposure to UVB radiation or psoriatic cytokines. These extracts also reduced barrier integrity damage and decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic HaCaT cells. Treatment with KSF0041 extract altered the transcriptome of psoriatic HaCaT cells toward a more normal state. Furthermore, KSF0041 extract had a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive compounds from polar microalgae extracts could provide novel therapeutics for damaged and/or inflamed skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoonHee Lim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - HeeJun Lim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
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26
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Wang N, Pei H, Xiang W, Li T, Lin S, Wu J, Chen Z, Wu H, Li C, Wu H. Rapid Screening of Microalgae as Potential Sources of Natural Antioxidants. Foods 2023; 12:2652. [PMID: 37509744 PMCID: PMC10378671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to rapidly screen microalgae species as feedstocks for antioxidants, extracts were obtained from 16 microalgae strains (under 11 genera, 7 classes) using two methods: a one-step extraction with ethanol/water and a three-step fractionating procedure using hexane, ethylacetate, and water successively. Measuring the total phenol content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), and antioxidant activity of the extracts, indicating TPC and TCC, played an important role in determining the antioxidant activity of the microalgae. A weighted scoring system was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity, and the scores of microalgal samples from two extraction methods were calculated using the same system. Among the investigated microalgae, Euglena gracilis SCSIO-46781 had the highest antioxidant score, contributing to high TPC and TCC, followed by Arthrospira platensis SCSIO-44012, Nannochloropsis sp. SCSIO-45224, Phaeodactylum tricornutum SCSIO-45120, and Nannochloropsis sp. SCSIO-45006, respectively. Additionally, the above-mentioned five strains are currently being applied in commercial production, indicating this system could be effective not only for screening microalgal antioxidants, but also for screening microalgal species/strains with strong adaptation to environmental stress, which is a critical trait for their commercial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiwei Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Shengjie Lin
- Guangzhou Keneng Cosmetic Scientific Research Co., Ltd., Guanghzou 510800, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zishuo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houbo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Chuanmao Li
- Guangzhou Keneng Cosmetic Scientific Research Co., Ltd., Guanghzou 510800, China
| | - Hualian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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28
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Eilam Y, Khattib H, Pintel N, Avni D. Microalgae-Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200177. [PMID: 37205927 PMCID: PMC10190620 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary proteins derived from animal sources, although containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids, have considerable environmental and adverse health effects associated with the intake of some animal protein-based products. Consuming foods based on animal proteins carries a higher risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dietary protein consumption is increasing due to population growth, posing a supply challenge. There is, therefore, growing interest in discovering novel alternative protein sources. In this context, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops that can provide a sustainable source of protein. Compared to conventional high-protein crops, using microalgal biomass for protein production presents several advantages in food and feed in terms of productivity, sustainability, and nutritional value. Moreover, microalgae positively impact the environment by not exploiting land or causing water pollution. Many studies have revealed the potential of microalgae as an alternative protein source with the added value of positive effects on human health due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The main emphasis of this review is on the potential health-promoting applications of microalgae-based proteins, peptides, and bioactive substances for IBD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahav Eilam
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
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Hankamer B, Pregelj L, O'Kane S, Hussey K, Hine D. Delivering impactful solutions for the bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:583-596. [PMID: 36941134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We are increasingly challenged to operate within our planetary boundaries, while delivering on United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 targets, and net-zero emissions by 2050. Failure to solve these challenges risks economic, social, political, climate, food, water, and fuel security. Therefore, new, scalable, and adoptable circular economy solutions are urgently required. The ability of plants to use light, capture CO2, and drive complex biochemistry is pivotal to delivering these solutions. However, harnessing this capability efficiently also requires robust accompanying economic, financial, market, and strategic analytics. A framework for this is presented here in the Commercialization Tourbillon. It supports the delivery of emerging plant biotechnologies and bio-inspired light-driven industry solutions within the critical 2030-2050 timeframe, to achieve validated economic, social, and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hankamer
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lisette Pregelj
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shane O'Kane
- Treble Cone Advisory Brisbane Qld, Suite 75, 12 Welsby Street, New Farm, QLD 4005, Australia
| | - Karen Hussey
- Centre for Policy Futures, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Damian Hine
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Pruteanu LL, Bailey DS, Grădinaru AC, Jäntschi L. The Biochemistry and Effectiveness of Antioxidants in Food, Fruits, and Marine Algae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040860. [PMID: 37107235 PMCID: PMC10135154 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is more effective to maintain good health than to regain it after losing it. This work focuses on the biochemical defense mechanisms against free radicals and their role in building and maintaining antioxidant shields, aiming to show how to balance, as much as possible, the situations in which we are exposed to free radicals. To achieve this aim, foods, fruits, and marine algae with a high antioxidant content should constitute the basis of nutritional elements, since natural products are known to have significantly greater assimilation efficiency. This review also gives the perspective in which the use of antioxidants can extend the life of food products, by protecting them from damage caused by oxidation as well as their use as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Lorena Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center at Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Stanley Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd., St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK
| | - Andrei Cristian Grădinaru
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences of Iaşi, 700490 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Lorentz Jäntschi
- Institute of Doctoral Studies, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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31
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Barone GD, Cernava T, Ullmann J, Liu J, Lio E, Germann AT, Nakielski A, Russo DA, Chavkin T, Knufmann K, Tripodi F, Coccetti P, Secundo F, Fu P, Pfleger B, Axmann IM, Lindblad P. Recent developments in the production and utilization of photosynthetic microorganisms for food applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14708. [PMID: 37151658 PMCID: PMC10161259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing use of photosynthetic microorganisms for food and food-related applications is driving related biotechnology research forward. Increasing consumer acceptance, high sustainability, demand of eco-friendly sources for food, and considerable global economic concern are among the main factors to enhance the focus on the novel foods. In the cases of not toxic strains, photosynthetic microorganisms not only provide a source of sustainable nutrients but are also potentially healthy. Several published studies showed that microalgae are sources of accessible protein and fatty acids. More than 400 manuscripts were published per year in the last 4 years. Furthermore, industrial approaches utilizing these microorganisms are resulting in new jobs and services. This is in line with the global strategy for bioeconomy that aims to support sustainable development of bio-based sectors. Despite the recognized potential of the microalgal biomass value chain, significant knowledge gaps still exist especially regarding their optimized production and utilization. This review highlights the potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria for food and food-related applications as well as their market size. The chosen topics also include advanced production as mixed microbial communities, production of high-value biomolecules, photoproduction of terpenoid flavoring compounds, their utilization for sustainable agriculture, application as source of nutrients in space, and a comparison with heterotrophic microorganisms like yeast to better evaluate their advantages over existing nutrient sources. This comprehensive assessment should stimulate further interest in this highly relevant research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D. Barone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Ullmann
- Roquette Klötze GmbH & Co. KG, Lockstedter Chaussee 1, D-38486, Klötze, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Elia Lio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta” Italian National Research Council (CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna T. Germann
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Nakielski
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David A. Russo
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstr. 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ted Chavkin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta” Italian National Research Council (CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Brian Pfleger
- Knufmann GmbH, Bergstraße 23, D-38486, Klötze, Germany
| | - Ilka M. Axmann
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Corresponding author. Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yang N, Zhang Q, Chen J, Wu S, Chen R, Yao L, Li B, Liu X, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Study on bioactive compounds of microalgae as antioxidants in a bibliometric analysis and visualization perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144326. [PMID: 37056511 PMCID: PMC10089266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural antioxidants are more attractive than synthetic chemical oxidants because of their non-toxic and non-harmful properties. Microalgal bioactive components such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds are gaining popularity as very effective and long-lasting natural antioxidants. Few articles currently exist that analyze microalgae from a bibliometric and visualization point of view. This study used a bibliometric method based on the Web of Science Core Collection database to analyze antioxidant research on bioactive compounds in microalgae from 1996 to 2022. According to cluster analysis, the most studied areas are the effectiveness, the antioxidant mechanism, and use of bioactive substances in microalgae, such as carotene, astaxanthin, and tocopherols, in the fields of food, cosmetics, and medicine. Using keyword co-occurrence and keyword mutation analysis, future trends are predicted to improve extraction rates and stability by altering the environment of microalgae cultures or mixing extracts with chemicals such as nanoparticles for commercial and industrial applications. These findings can help researchers identify trends and resources to build impactful investigations and expand scientific frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- Qingyuan County Edible Fungus Industry Center, Lishui, China
| | - Jingyun Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Bailei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Khadrawy SM, Mohamed DS, Hassan RM, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Shaban NS. Royal Jelly and Chlorella vulgaris Mitigate Gibberellic Acid-Induced Cytogenotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats via Modulation of the PPARα/AP-1 Signaling Pathway and Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061223. [PMID: 36981150 PMCID: PMC10048508 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a well-known plant growth regulator used in several countries, but its widespread use has negative effects on both animal and human health. The current study assesses the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) and Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the genotoxicity and hepatic injury induced by GA3 in rats. Daily oral administration of 55 mg/kg GA3 to rats for 6 constitutive weeks induced biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver via oxidative stress and inflammation. Co-administration of 300 mg/kg RJ or 500 mg/kg CV with GA3 considerably ameliorated the serum levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), γGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), total bilirubin, and albumin. Lowered malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) levels along with elevated SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) enzyme activities indicated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of both RJ and CV. Also, they improved the histological structure and reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions along with up-regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and down-regulating activator protein 1 (AP-1) gene expression. Additionally, chromosomal abnormalities and mitotic index were nearly normalized after treatment with RJ and CV. In conclusion, RJ and CV can protect against GA3-induced genotoxicity and liver toxicity by diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating the PPARα/AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally M. Khadrawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Doaa Sh. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Randa M. Hassan
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nema S. Shaban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Haslea ostrearia Pigment Marennine Affects Key Actors of Neuroinflammation and Decreases Cell Migration in Murine Neuroglial Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065388. [PMID: 36982463 PMCID: PMC10049552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Haslea ostrearia, a cosmopolitan marine pennate diatom, produces a characteristic blue pigment called marennine that causes the greening of filter-feeding organisms, such as oysters. Previous studies evidenced various biological activities of purified marennine extract, such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. These effects could be beneficial to human health. However, the specific biological activity of marennine remains to be characterized, especially regarding primary cultures of mammals. In the present study, we aimed to determine in vitro the effects of a purified extract of marennine on neuroinflammatory and cell migratory processes. These effects were assessed at non-cytotoxic concentrations of 10 and 50μg/mL on primary cultures of neuroglial cells. Marennine strongly interacts with neuroinflammatory processes in the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system, represented by astrocytes and microglial cells. An anti-migratory activity based on a neurospheres migration assay has also been observed. These results encourage further study of Haslea blue pigment effects, particularly the identification of molecular and cellular targets affected by marennine, and strengthen previous studies suggesting that marennine has bioactivities which could be beneficial for human health applications.
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Ibrahim TNBT, Feisal NAS, Kamaludin NH, Cheah WY, How V, Bhatnagar A, Ma Z, Show PL. Biological active metabolites from microalgae for healthcare and pharmaceutical industries: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128661. [PMID: 36690215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms which comprise of species from several phyla. Microalgae are promising in producing a varieties of products, including food, feed supplements, chemicals, and biofuels. Medicinal supplements derived from microalgae are of a significant market in which compounds such as -carotene, astaxanthin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and polysaccharides such as -glucan, are prominent. Microalgae species which are commonly applied for commercial productions include Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros (Chlorella sp.), Arthrospira sp. (Spirulina Bioactive) and many more. In this present review, microalgae species which are feasible in metabolites production are being summarized. Metabolites produced by microalgae as well as their prospective applications in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, are comprehensively discussed. This evaluation is greatly assisting industrial stakeholders, investors, and researchers in making business decisions, investing in ventures, and moving the production of microalgae-based metabolites forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Nilam Baizura Tengku Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azalina Suzianti Feisal
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haziqah Kamaludin
- Center of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vivien How
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St - Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Abo-Shady AM, Gheda SF, Ismail GA, Cotas J, Pereira L, Abdel-Karim OH. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Algae. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020460. [PMID: 36836817 PMCID: PMC9964347 DOI: 10.3390/life13020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, algae arouse a growing interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic area due to the fact that they have a great diversity of bioactive compounds with the potential for pharmacological and nutraceutical applications. Due to lifestyle modifications brought on by rapid urbanization, diabetes mellitus, a metabolic illness, is the third largest cause of death globally. The hunt for an efficient natural-based antidiabetic therapy is crucial to battling diabetes and the associated consequences due to the unfavorable side effects of currently available antidiabetic medications. Finding the possible advantages of algae for the control of diabetes is crucial for the creation of natural drugs. Many of algae's metabolic processes produce bioactive secondary metabolites, which give algae their diverse chemical and biological features. Numerous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and antidiabetic benefits of algae, mostly by blocking carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme activity, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Additionally, bioactive components from algae can lessen diabetic symptoms in vivo. Therefore, the current review concentrates on the role of various secondary bioactive substances found naturally in algae and their potential as antioxidants and antidiabetic materials, as well as the urgent need to apply these substances in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saly Farouk Gheda
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Gehan Ahmed Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - João Cotas
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.); or (O.H.A.-K.)
| | - Omnia Hamdy Abdel-Karim
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Bioprocess Engineering & AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (L.P.); or (O.H.A.-K.)
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Liberti D, Imbimbo P, Giustino E, D’Elia L, Silva M, Barreira L, Monti DM. Shedding Light on the Hidden Benefit of Porphyridium cruentum Culture. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020337. [PMID: 36829897 PMCID: PMC9952601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can represent a reliable source of natural compounds with different activities. Here, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sulfated exopolysaccharides (s-EPSs) and phycoerythrin (PE), two molecules naturally produced by the red marine microalga Porphyridium cruentum (CCALA415). In vitro and cell-based assays were performed to assess the biological activities of these compounds. The s-EPSs, owing to the presence of sulfate groups, showed biocompatibility on immortalized eukaryotic cell lines and a high antioxidant activity on cell-based systems. PE showed powerful antioxidant activity both in vitro and on cell-based systems, but purification is mandatory for its safe use. Finally, both molecules showed anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of ibuprofen and helped tissue regeneration. Thus, the isolated molecules from microalgae represent an excellent source of antioxidants to be used in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Liberti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Enrica Giustino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Elia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mélanie Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (D.M.M.)
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Li K, Duan X, Zhou L, Hill DRA, Martin GJO, Suleria HAR. Bioaccessibility and bioactivities of phenolic compounds from microalgae during in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. Food Funct 2023; 14:899-910. [PMID: 36537586 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02980d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a developing novel source of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and proteins. In this study, in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation were conducted to examine the total phenolic content and potential antioxidant activity of four microalgal species (Chlorella sp., Spirulina sp., Dunaliella sp., and Isochrysis sp.). The bioaccessibility of targeted phenolic compounds and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were also estimated. Particularly, Spirulina sp. exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) capacity after gastrointestinal digestion of 7.93 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g and 2.35 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) per g. Meanwhile, it had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) of 1.07 quercetin equivalents (QE) per g after 8 h of colonic fermentation. Dunaliella sp. and Isochrysis sp. showed comparable ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 4.96 and 4.45 mg QE per g after 4 h of faecal reaction, respectively. p-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acid almost completely decomposed after the intestine and fermented in the colon with the gut microflora. In Dunaliella sp. and Isochrysis sp., these phenolic acids were found in the colonic fermented residual, probably due to the presence of dietary fibre and the interactions with other components. All four species reached the highest values of SCFA production after 16 h, except Spirulina sp., which displayed the most increased total SCFA production after 8 h of fermentation. It is proposed that Spirulina sp. could be more beneficial to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunning Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Linhui Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - David R A Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
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Bioactivity and Digestibility of Microalgae Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. as Basis of Their Potential as Novel Functional Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020477. [PMID: 36678348 PMCID: PMC9861193 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2050, the world's population will exceed 10 billion people, which will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid aggravating this problem, FAO and WHO have recommended dietary changes to reduce the intake of animal calories and increase the consumption of sustainable, nutrient-rich, and calorie-efficient products. Moreover, due to the worldwide rising incidence of non-communicable diseases and the demonstrated impact of diet on the risk of these disorders, the current established food pattern is focused on the consumption of foods that have functionality for health. Among promising sources of functional foods, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention because of their richness in high-value compounds with potential health benefits. However, despite the great opportunities to exploit microalgae in functional food industry, their use remains limited by challenges related to species diversity and variations in cultivation factors, changes in functional composition during extraction procedures, and limited evidence on the safety and bioavailability of microalgae bioactives. The aim of this review is to provide an updated and comprehensive discussion on the nutritional value, biological effects, and digestibility of two microalgae genera, Tetraselmis and Nannochloropsis, as basis of their potential as ingredients for the development of functional foods.
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Kaur M, Bhatia S, Gupta U, Decker E, Tak Y, Bali M, Gupta VK, Dar RA, Bala S. Microalgal bioactive metabolites as promising implements in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals: inspiring therapy for health benefits. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-31. [PMID: 36686403 PMCID: PMC9840174 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in global population and shrinkage of agricultural land necessitates the use of cost-effective renewable sources as alternative to excessive resource-demanding agricultural crops. Microalgae seem to be a potential substitute as it rapidly produces large biomass that can serve as a good source of various functional ingredients that are not produced/synthesized inside the human body and high-value nonessential bioactive compounds. Microalgae-derived bioactive metabolites possess various bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-hypertensive, anti-lipidemic, and anti-diabetic activities, thereof rapidly elevating their demand as interesting option in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and functional foods industries for developing new products. However, their utilization in these sectors has been limited. This demands more research to explore the functionality of microalgae derived functional ingredients. Therefore, in this review, we intended to furnish up-to-date knowledge on prospects of bioactive metabolites from microalgae, their bioactivities related to health, the process of microalgae cultivation and harvesting, extraction and purification of bioactive metabolites, role as dietary supplements or functional food, their commercial applications in nutritional and pharmaceutical industries and the challenges in this area of research. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Surekha Bhatia
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Urmila Gupta
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Eric Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural University, Ummedganj, Kota India
| | - Manoj Bali
- Research & Development, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food & Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC Barony Campus, Dumfries, Scotland, UK
| | - Rouf Ahmad Dar
- Sam Hiiginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007 India
| | - Saroj Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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Savvidou MG, Georgiopoulou I, Antoniou N, Tzima S, Kontou M, Louli V, Fatouros C, Magoulas K, Kolisis FN. Extracts from Chlorella vulgaris Protect Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:361. [PMID: 36679074 PMCID: PMC9866266 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae as unicellular eukaryotic organisms demonstrate several advantages for biotechnological and biological applications. Natural derived microalgae products demand has increased in food, cosmetic and nutraceutical applications lately. The natural antioxidants have been used for attenuation of mitochondrial cell damage caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluates the in vitro protective effect of Chlorella vulgaris bioactive extracts against oxidative stress in human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). The classical solid-liquid and the supercritical extraction, using biomass of commercially available and laboratory cultivated C. vulgaris, are employed. Oxidative stress induced by 300 μM H2O2 reduces cell viability of MSCs. The addition of C. vulgaris extracts, with increased protein content compared to carbohydrates, to H2O2 treated MSCs counteracted the oxidative stress, reducing reactive oxygen species levels without affecting MSC proliferation. The supercritical extraction was the most efficient extraction method for carotenoids resulting in enhanced antioxidant activity. Pre-treatment of MSCs with C. vulgaris extracts mitigates the oxidative damage ensued by H2O2. Initial proteomic analysis of secretome from licensed (TNFα-activated) MSCs treated with algal extracts reveals a signature of differentially regulated proteins that fall into clinically relevant pathways such as inflammatory signaling. The enhanced antioxidative and possibly anti-inflammatory capacity could be explored in the context of future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Savvidou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Georgiopoulou
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Nasia Antoniou
- TheraCell Advanced Biotechnologies, 14564 Kifisia, Greece
| | - Soultana Tzima
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kontou
- TheraCell Advanced Biotechnologies, 14564 Kifisia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Louli
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kostis Magoulas
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiskos N. Kolisis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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42
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Investigation on Some Algal Extracts as Appropriate Stabilizers for Radiation-Processed Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224971. [PMID: 36433098 PMCID: PMC9693130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the appropriate solution, algal extracts, for the improvement of polymer durability when the material is subjected to acute oxidation damage. The investigated support, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), is modified by three algal extracts: Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis, and Ascophyllum nodosum (Kelp) with a low concentration (1 wt%). The presence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ensures the growth of stability with respect to the pristine polymer. The thermal performances of the host polymer, indicated by chemiluminescence, reveal the essential contribution of an additive to the improvement in oxidation strength. The stability of the polymer adjusted by algal extracts is proved by the activation energy values, which increase from 49 kJ mol-1 to 89 kJ mol-1 for the same polymer modified with Ascophyllum nodosum. This main important characteristic is the consequence of the highly efficient activity of the polyphenol components of algal extracts and the effect of the three natural additives on the favorably changed kinetic parameters (oxidation induction time and onset oxidation temperature). The exposure of the polymer matrix to the damaging action of γ-rays does not affect the proper contributions to the fast delay in material ageing. The irradiation of 100 kGy, a usual technological dose, may be successfully applied in the radiation processing of a polymer stabilized with algal extracts due to the efficient protection of the additive as the chain-breaking agents.
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Pagels F, Amaro HM, Tavares TG, Amil BF, Guedes AC. Potential of Microalgae Extracts for Food and Feed Supplementation-A Promising Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111901. [PMID: 36431036 PMCID: PMC9693645 DOI: 10.3390/life12111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are known producers of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, making them natural alternatives to be used as food and feed functional ingredients. This study aimed to valorise biomass and exploit new applications and commercial value for four commercially available microalgae: Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. For that, five extracts were obtained: acetone (A), ethanol (E), water (W), ethanol:water (EW). The antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+/DPPH•/•NO/O2•-/ORAC-FL) and anti-inflammatory capacity (HBRC/COX-2) of the extracts were screened. The general biochemical composition (carbohydrates, soluble proteins, and lipids) and the main groups of bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and peptides) of extracts were quantified. The results of antioxidant assays revealed the potential of some microalgae extracts: in ABTS•+, Nannochloropsis sp. E and Tetraselmis sp. A, E, and P; in DPPH•, Tetraselmis sp. A and E; in •NO, P. tricornutum E and EW; in O2•-, Tetraselmis sp. W; and in ORAC-FL, I. galbana EW and P. tricornutum EW. Concerning anti-inflammatory capacity, P. tricornutum EW and Tetraselmis sp. W showed a promising HBRC protective effect and COX-2 inhibition. Hence, Tetraselmis sp. and P. tricornutum extracts seem to have potential to be incorporated as feed and food functional ingredients and preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pagels
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena M. Amaro
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Tânia G. Tavares
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta F. Amil
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A. Catarina Guedes
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Muñoz-Tebar N, Ong L, Gamlath CJ, Yatipanthalawa BS, Ashokkumar M, Gras SL, Berruga MI, Martin GJ. Nutrient enrichment of dairy curd by incorporation of whole and ruptured microalgal cells (Nannochloropsis salina). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Arthrospira platensis and Its Effects on Tissue and Blood Cells—An Overview. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101497. [DOI: 10.3390/life12101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Different hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances can be obtained by extraction from the biomass. The respective extraction techniques determine the composition of substances in the extract and thus its biological activity. In this short review, we provide an overview of the hydrophilic compounds (phenols, phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and vitamins) and lipophilic ingredients (chlorophylls, vitamins, fatty acids, and glycolipids) of Arthrospira platensis. The principal influences of these substances on blood and tissue cells are briefly summarized.
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Parameswari RP, Lakshmi T. Microalgae as a potential therapeutic drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. J Biotechnol 2022; 358:128-139. [PMID: 36122597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are highly photosynthetic unicellular organism that have increased demand in the recent days owing to the presence of valuable cellular metabolites. They are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, rich in species diversity and are capable of generating significant biomass by efficiently using CO2, light and other nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate etc., The microalgal biomass has upsurged in economic potential and is used as both food and feed in many countries across the world, accounting for more than 75 % of annual microalgal biomass production in the past decades. The microalgal cells are sustainable resource that synthesize various secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, essential amino acids, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Microalgae and its derived compounds possess significant pharmacological and biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and anti-obesity. Because of their potential health promoting properties, the utilization of microalgae and its derived substances in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has skyrocketed in recent years. In this context, the current review discusses about the benefits of microalgae and its bioactive compounds against several neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Parameswari
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Prihanto AA, Jatmiko YD, Nurdiani R, Miftachurrochmah A, Wakayama M. Freshwater Microalgae as Promising Food Sources: Nutritional and Functional Properties. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2206200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of researchers have predicted that the current food crisis is predicted to worsen in 2050. The prediction of this crisis is aligned with climate change causing increases in some basic foodstuff prices. Therefore, everyone should prepare to consume alternative foods at an early stage. Alternative foods have been widely developed, one of which involves microalgae. However, the type of microalgae produced by some countries on a large scale consists of only oceanic/seawater microalgae. This will have an impact on and hinder development in countries that do not have these resources. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the use of microalgae derived from freshwater. Unfortunately, freshwater microalgae are still rarely investigated for use as alternative foods. However, there is considerable potential to utilize freshwater microalgae, and these algae are very abundant and diverse. In terms of nutritional properties, compared to oceanic / seawater microalgae, freshwater microalgae contain nearly the same protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins. There are even more species whose composition is similar to those currently consumed foods, such as beef, chicken, beans, eggs, and corn. In addition to dietary properties, freshwater microalgae also have functional properties, due to the presence of pigments, sterols, fatty acids, and polyphenols. Given the potential of freshwater microalgae, these aquatic resources need to be developed for potential use as future food resources.
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48
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Archaea Carotenoids: Natural Pigments with Unexplored Innovative Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080524. [PMID: 36005527 PMCID: PMC9410494 DOI: 10.3390/md20080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, marine microorganisms have raised great interest because of their major ecological function and their numerous applications for biotechnology and pharmacology. Particularly, Archaea represent a resource of great potential for the identification of new metabolites because of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and their original metabolic pathways, allowing the synthesis of unique biomolecules. Studies on archaeal carotenoids are still relatively scarce and only a few works have focused on their industrial scale production and their biotechnological and pharmacological properties, while the societal demand for these bioactive pigments is growing. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on carotenoid metabolism in Archaea and the potential applications of these pigments in biotechnology and medicine. After reviewing the ecology and classification of these microorganisms, as well as their unique cellular and biochemical characteristics, this paper highlights the most recent data concerning carotenoid metabolism in Archaea, the biological properties of these pigments, and biotechnological considerations for their production at industrial scale.
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49
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Kiki C, Qiu Y, Wang Q, Ifon BE, Qin D, Chabi K, Yu CP, Zhu YG, Sun Q. Induced aging, structural change, and adsorption behavior modifications of microplastics by microalgae. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107382. [PMID: 35803076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microalgal biofouling on microplastic (MP) may differ from bacterial biofouling. In this study, the influence of microalgae on MP surface alteration, structural change, and adsorption of organic micropollutants was evaluated. Virgin polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide (PA) were each immersed in algal photobioreactor and river freshwater for 30 days to simulate algal and river microbe biofouling respectively. Consequently, their physicochemical changes and adsorption potential of a mixture of six bisphenol analogues (BPA, BPS, BPE, BPB, BPF, BPAF) and two parabens (propyl-paraben, benzyl-paraben) were investigated. Owing to the algal bioactive compounds, major microalgae-induced biofouling and more MP aging than the river microbe aging were observed through fractures, pits, cracks, and algal attachments. Intrusion of algal organic matter and scission of polymeric functional groups were revealed during microalgal immersion and the potential MP aging pathways were proposed. Algal biofouling considerably altered the intrinsic properties of the MPs, consequently the adsorption capacity of PE and PVC was enhanced by 3.04-6.72 and 2.14-8.72 times, respectively. Adsorption process onto algal-aged MPs was pH-dependent, endothermic, non-spontaneous, and favored by hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the amide group in PA structure was conducive to organic micropollutant adsorption, which was likely reduced by algal aging and the erosion of the N-H stretching. Moreover, higher adsorption capacities of organic micropollutants were shown by the algal-biofilm PE and PVC than virgin and river microbial biofilm MPs. This study discloses that, biofouling and aging of MPs by microalgae through their bioactive components would engender more incidences on MP properties, organic micropollutants adsorption with associated environmental and health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China; National Institute of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ying Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Binessi Edouard Ifon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kassim Chabi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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50
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Promising Biomolecules with High Antioxidant Capacity Derived from Cryptophyte Algae Grown under Different Light Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081112. [PMID: 35892969 PMCID: PMC9331842 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and production of biochemical compounds in microalgae are influenced by available light quality and algal species-specific features. In this study, four freshwater cryptophyte strains (Cryptomonas ozolinii, C. pyrenoidifera, C. curvata, and C. sp. (CPCC 336)) and one marine strain (Rhodomonas salina) were cultivated under white (control), blue, and green (experimental conditions) lights. Species-specific responses to light quality were detected, i.e., the color of light significantly affected cryptophyte biomass productivity and biochemical compositions, but the optimal light for the highest chemical composition with high antioxidant capacity was different for each algal strain. Overall, the highest phycoerythrin (PE) content (345 mg g−1 dry weight; DW) was reached by C. pyrenoidifera under green light. The highest phenolic (PC) contents (74, 69, and 66 mg g−1 DW) were detected in C. curvata under control conditions, in C. pyrenoidifera under green light, and in C. ozolinii under blue light, respectively. The highest exopolysaccharide (EPS) content (452 mg g−1 DW) was found in C. curvata under the control light. In terms of antioxidant activity, the biochemical compounds from the studied cryptophytes were highly active, with IC50 -values < 50 µg mL−1. Thus, in comparison to well-known commercial microalgal species, cryptophytes could be considered a possible candidate for producing beneficial biochemical compounds.
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