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Yan Q, Zhang G, Zhang X, Huang L. A Review of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics in Plant Quality and Environmental Response: From Bibliometric Analysis to Science Mapping and Future Trends. Metabolites 2024; 14:272. [PMID: 38786749 PMCID: PMC11123105 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics and metabolomics offer distinct advantages in investigating the differentially expressed genes and cellular entities that have the greatest influence on end-phenotype, making them crucial techniques for studying plant quality and environmental responses. While numerous relevant articles have been published, a comprehensive summary is currently lacking. This review aimed to understand the global and longitudinal research trends of transcriptomics and metabolomics in plant quality and environmental response (TMPQE). Utilizing bibliometric methods, we presented a comprehensive science mapping of the social structure, conceptual framework, and intellectual foundation of TMPQE. We uncovered that TMPQE research has been categorized into three distinct stages since 2020. A citation analysis of the 29 most cited articles, coupled with a content analysis of recent works (2020-2023), highlight five potential research streams in plant quality and environmental responses: (1) biosynthetic pathways, (2) abiotic stress, (3) biotic stress, (4) development and ripening, and (5) methodologies and tools. Current trends and future directions are shaped by technological advancements, species diversity, evolving research themes, and an environmental ecology focus. Overall, this review provides a novel and comprehensive perspective to understand the longitudinal trend on TMPQE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linfang Huang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Hernández-García D, Granado-Serrano AB, Martín-Gari M, Ensenyat A, Naudí A, Serrano JCE. Short-Term Panax Ginseng Extract Supplementation Reduces Fasting Blood Triacylglycerides and Oxygen Consumption during Sub-Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male Recreational Athletes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:533. [PMID: 38785940 PMCID: PMC11118118 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, a popular herbal supplement among athletes, is believed to enhance exercise capacity and performance. This study investigated the short-term effects of Panax ginseng extract (PG) on aerobic capacity, lipid profile, and cytokines. In a 14-day randomized, double-blind trial, male participants took 500 mg of PG daily. Two experiments were conducted: one in 10 km races (n = 31) and another in a laboratory-controlled aerobic capacity test (n = 20). Blood lipid and cytokine profile, ventilation, oxygen consumption, hemodynamic and fatigue parameters, and race time were evaluated. PG supplementation led to reduced total blood lipid levels, particularly in triacylglycerides (10 km races -7.5 mg/dL (95% CI -42 to 28); sub-maximal aerobic test -14.2 mg/dL (95% CI -52 to 23)), while post-exercise blood IL-10 levels were increased (10 km 34.0 pg/mL (95% CI -2.1 to 70.1); sub-maximal aerobic test 4.1 pg/mL (95% CI -2.8 to 11.0)), and oxygen consumption decreased during the sub-maximal aerobic test (VO2: -1.4 mL/min/kg (95% CI -5.8 to -0.6)). No significant differences were noted in race time, hemodynamic, or fatigue parameters. Overall, PG supplementation for 2 weeks showed benefits in blood lipid profile and energy consumption during exercise among recreational athletes. This suggests a potential role for PG in enhancing exercise performance and metabolic health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Hernández-García
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.H.-G.); (A.B.G.-S.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.)
| | - Ana Belén Granado-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.H.-G.); (A.B.G.-S.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.)
| | - Meritxell Martín-Gari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.H.-G.); (A.B.G.-S.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.)
| | - Assumpta Ensenyat
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, 08038 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Alba Naudí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.H.-G.); (A.B.G.-S.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.)
| | - Jose C. E. Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (D.H.-G.); (A.B.G.-S.); (M.M.-G.); (A.N.)
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Jia Y, Wang M, Lambers PH, van Andel T. The catalogue of the Westhoff collection of Chinese materia medica (c. 1870): Evidence of interaction between a Chinese medicine practitioner and the Dutch in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116987. [PMID: 37531803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Westhoff collection of Chinese materia medica (c. 1870) at the Utrecht University Museum in Utrecht, the Netherlands, contains an original, handwritten catalogue, which was putatively ascribed to a Chinese medicine practitioner. It provides a detailed record of the Chinese names, plant parts, preparations, and applications of the specimens contained in glass bottles, which probably reflects the physician's personal interpretation of Chinese medicine in Indonesia at the end of the 19th century. Such individual catalogues can reveal historical changes and regional variations in the use of traditional Chinese medicine, which can lead to a better understanding of the history and development of this field. AIM OF THE STUDY We addressed the following questions: 1) What are the contents of the Westhoff catalogue? 2) What medicinal preparations and applications were recorded in the catalogue, and which ones are dominant? 3) How similar is the use of Chinese materia medica in Westhoff catalogue compared to the modern Chinese Pharmacopeia? 4) What other specific information is contained in the Westhoff catalogue? MATERIALS AND METHODS The catalogue had been digitized previously, and all handwritten Dutch text has been transcribed and translated into English. The information for each entry was summarized and analyzed, the medicinal applications were compared to modern Chinese pharmacopeia or other monographs on Chinese materia medica. RESULTS The catalogue contains 436 entries, for which 395 corresponding specimens still exist in the Westhoff collection of Chinese materia medica. Each entry contains a serial number, a Chinese name, a phonetic Dutch transcription of the Chinese name, a description of the plant, animal, or mineral origin of the medicinal product, the preparation method, and the medical indication for which it should be used. The dominant preparation method is decoction (79% of the entries). The most frequently mentioned applications are fever, skin diseases, strengthening and wounds. Around 80% of the medicinal applications in the catalogue were also listed for the same CMM in modern monographs. The catalogue also sheds light on typical characteristics of popular medicine, their geographic origin, and social aspects of traditional Chinese medicine in Indonesia around 1870. CONCLUSIONS The Westhoff catalogue is a valuable record of Chinese materia medica and its practice in a specific time and space. It reflects an individual physician's interpretation of Chinese medicine, shows the difficulties in the interpretation of cultural-bound health issues between the Dutch and the Chinese, and provides evidence that traditional Chinese medicine spread not only in East Asia but also to the distant Western world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Jia
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands; LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands; SU BioMedicine, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Drug Discovery & Technology Development of Yunnan Traditional Medicine, Kunming, 650217, China.
| | - Paul H Lambers
- Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht, Lange Nieuwstraat 106, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tinde van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Jang WY, Hwang JY, Cho JY. Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng as Key Modulators of NF-κB Signaling Are Powerful Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076119. [PMID: 37047092 PMCID: PMC10093821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways progress inflammation and immune cell differentiation in the host immune response; however, the uncontrollable stimulation of NF-κB signaling is responsible for several inflammatory illnesses regardless of whether the conditions are acute or chronic. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, microglia, and Kupffer cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, via the activation of NF-κB subunits, which may lead to the damage of normal cells, including neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and alveolar cells. This results in the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac infarction, or liver injury, which may eventually lead to systemic inflammation or cancer. Recently, ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, a historical herbal plant used in East Asia, have been used as possible options for curing inflammatory diseases. All of the ginsenosides tested target different steps of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ameliorating the symptoms of severe illnesses. Moreover, ginsenosides inhibit the NF-κB-mediated activation of cancer metastasis and immune resistance, significantly attenuating the expression of MMPs, Snail, Slug, TWIST1, and PD-L1. This review introduces current studies on the therapeutic efficacy of ginsenosides in alleviating NF-κB responses and emphasizes the critical role of ginsenosides in severe inflammatory diseases as well as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Guo M, Li H. Panax Ginseng in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J Ginseng Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Fang Y, Lee H, Son S, Oh S, Jo SK, Cho W, Kim MG. Association between Consumption of Dietary Supplements and Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence: Results of the Korean Nationwide Population-Based Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040822. [PMID: 36839180 PMCID: PMC9967330 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous global market of dietary supplements, the impact of dietary supplements on kidney disease is still unclear. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2017, this study evaluated the association between dietary supplement and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 13,271 Korean adults. Among the dietary supplements, vitamin and mineral intake was the highest at 61.41%, followed by omega-3 fatty acids at 11.85%, and ginseng at 7.99%. The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in those who consumed amino acids and proteins, ginseng and red ginseng, and herbal medicine (plant extract)-berries than in those who did not. Conversely, patients who consumed probiotic supplements had a significantly lower prevalence of CKD than those who did not. In the population without CKD risk factors or history of CKD, the prevalence of CKD was high in the group consuming ginseng and red ginseng. After adjusting for covariates, the herbal medicine (plant extract)-berry group showed an independent association with CKD incidence. In conclusion, it is suggested that dietary supplements may affect kidney function. Further large-scale cohort studies are required to elucidate the exact effects of each dietary supplement on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwasun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Serhim Son
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-920-5475
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Guo Z, Wang L, Haq SU, Wang L, Guo W, Luo Y, Ijaz N. In-vitro evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of sulphation-modified total ginsenosides derivative-3. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1068315. [PMID: 36761888 PMCID: PMC9907730 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1068315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng has been used in biomedicine to prevent and treat decreased physical and mental capacities. Total ginsenosides (TG) from ginseng root which have antitumor and immune-enhancing properties, are the principal active components of Panax ginseng, while the sulphation-modified TG derivative-3 (SMTG-d3) was expected to enhance the anticancer activity in conventional medicinal treatments. Methods The chlorosulphonic acid-pyridine technique, used for the sulfation modification of TG to improve their biological activity, and the infrared spectroscopic characteristics of TG and SMTG-d3 were investigated, and the effects of SMTG-d3 on immunocytes and cytokines relevant to tumor treatment were assessed. The MTT assay was used to assess the effect of TG and SMTG-d3 on the cytotoxicity and T-lymphocytic proliferation against mouse splenocytes. The LDH method was employed to evaluate NK activity induced by TG or SMTG-d3. The production levels of splenocytes-secreted IL-2 and IFN-γ and peritoneal macrophages-secreted TNF-α were determined using mouse ELISA kits. Results and discussion It showed that the ideal conditions for the sulfation modification of TG: the volume ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to pyridine lower than 1:2.5; controlled amount of chlorosulfonic acid; and a yield of 51.5% SMTG-d3 (2 h, < 45°C). SMTG-d3 showed two characteristic absorption peaks at 1,230 cm-1 and 810 cm-1, indicating the formation of sulfuric acid esters and the presence of sulfuric acid groups. SMTG-d3 exhibited higher antitumor immunological activity than TG by promoting the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, thus enhancing NK cell activity, and reducing cytotoxicity. The findings imply sulfated modification represents an effective method of enhancing the immunomodulatory activities of TG and could be used as the basis for developing new drug target compounds; SMTG-d3 can serve as an antitumor immunomodulator and can be considered an effective and prospective herbal formulation in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Ling Wang ✉
| | - Shahbaz Ul Haq
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for the Development and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Medicine Biological Resources, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenzhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongjiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Nabeel Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Zhang H, Zheng Y, Zhang G, Miao Y, Liu C, Huang L. A Bibliometric Study for Plant RNA Editing Research: Trends and Future Challenges. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00641-7. [PMID: 36562872 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that introduces changes in RNA sequences encoded by nuclear, mitochondrial, or plastid genomes. To understand the research progress of plant RNA editing, we comprehensively analyze the articles on plant RNA editing from 2001 to 2022 through bibliometric methods. Nucleic Acids Research, Plant Journal and Plant cell are the journals that deserve attention with their high production, total local citation scores (TLCS), and h-indexes. The USA, China, and Germany are the top three countries with highly productive publications. Ulm University, Cornell University, and Chinese Acad Sci are excellent cooperative institutions with a high level of influence in the field, and KNOOP V and TAKENAKA M are good partnership. Plant RNA editing researches concentrate on the subject categories of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Plant Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, etc. Plant mitochondria, genome editing and messenger-RNA may be the research hotspots in the future. The main plant RNA editing research tools are JACUSA, SPRINT, and REDO, and the main databases are REDIdb, PED, and dbRES. At present, the research streams are (1) RNA editing sites; (2) Pentapeptide repeat protein (PPR) involved in RNA editing; (3) RNA editing factors. Overall, this article summarizes the research overview of plant RNA editing until 2022 and provides theoretical implications for its possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Linfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang Y, Yu J, Chen YK, Wang ZC. Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Endemic and Endangered Plant Dendropanax oligodontus: Genome Structure, Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2028. [PMID: 36360265 PMCID: PMC9690231 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendropanax oligodontus, which belongs to the family Araliaceae, is an endemic and endangered species of Hainan Island, China. It has potential economic and medicinal value owing to the presence of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, etc. The analysis of the structure and characteristics of the D. oligodontus chloroplast genome (cpDNA) is crucial for understanding the genetic and phylogenetic evolution of this species. In this study, the cpDNA of D. oligodontus was sequenced for the first time using next-generation sequencing methods, assembled, and annotated. We observed a circular quadripartite structure comprising a large single-copy region (86,440 bp), a small single-copy region (18,075 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (25,944 bp). The total length of the cpDNA was 156,403 bp, and the GC% was 37.99%. We found that the D. oligodontus chloroplast genome comprised 131 genes, with 86 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNAs. Furthermore, we identified 26,514 codons, 13 repetitive sequences, and 43 simple sequence repeat sites in the D. oligodontus cpDNA. The most common amino acid encoded was leucine, with a strong A/T preference at the third position of the codon. The prediction of RNA editing sites in the protein-coding genes indicated that RNA editing was observed in 19 genes with a total of 54 editing sites, all of which involved C-to-T transitions. Finally, the cpDNA of 11 species of the family Araliaceae were selected for comparative analysis. The sequences of the untranslated regions and coding regions among 11 species were highly conserved, and minor differences were observed in the length of the inverted repeat regions; therefore, the cpDNAs were relatively stable and consistent among these 11 species. The variable hotspots in the genome included clpP, ycf1, rnK-rps16, rps16-trnQ, atpH-atpI, trnE-trnT, psbM-trnD, ycf3-trnS, and rpl32-trnL, providing valuable molecular markers for species authentication and regions for inferring phylogenetic relationships among them, as well as for evolutionary studies. Evolutionary selection pressure analysis indicated that the atpF gene was strongly subjected to positive environmental selection. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that D. oligodontus and Dendropanax dentiger were the most closely related species within the genus, and D. oligodontus was closely related to the genera Kalopanax and Metapanax in the Araliaceae family. Overall, the cp genomes reported in this study will provide resources for studying the genetic diversity and conservation of the endangered plant D. oligodontus, as well as resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu-Kai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zhu-Cheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China
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New Therapeutic Approaches to and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 against Neurological Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162529. [PMID: 36010610 PMCID: PMC9406801 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, cerebral infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, depression and, stress, have high incidence and morbidity and often lead to disability. However, there is no particularly effective medication against them. Therefore, finding drugs with a suitable efficacy, low toxicity and manageable effects to improve the quality of life of patients is an urgent problem. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is the main active component of ginseng and has a variety of pharmacological effects. In this review, we focused on the therapeutic potential of Rg1 for improving neurological diseases. We introduce the mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases, including apoptosis, neuroinflammation, the microRNA (miRNA) family, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, oxidative stress, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and learning and memory of Rg1 in neurological diseases. In addition, Rg1 can also improve neurological diseases through the interaction of different signal pathways. The purpose of this review is to explore more in-depth ideas for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases (including PD, AD, HD, stroke, cerebral infarction, ischemia–reperfusion injury, depression, and stress). Therefore, Rg1 is expected to become a new therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases.
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Cheng Y, Yang H, Hai Y, Zhou L. Scientific literature landscape analysis of researches on oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration in web of science. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:989627. [PMID: 36032668 PMCID: PMC9403418 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.989627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of disc degeneration and has attracted widespread attention since it was first researched in 2007. Our study aims to analyze the scientific output of oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and drive future research into new publications. Publications focused on this topic were retrieved from the SCI-EXPANDED (SCI-E) of the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database and were screened according to the inclusion criteria. Bibliometric website, VOSviewer, and Citespace software were used to evaluate and visualize the results, including annual publications, citations, authors, organizations, countries, research directions, funds, and journals. As of 16 February 2022, a total of 289 original articles and reviews were included, and the overall trend of the number of publications rapidly increased. China and the United States were the leading countries for research production in worldwide. The retrieved 289 publications received 5,979 citations, with an average of 20.67 citations and an H-index of 40. The most high-yield author, organization, country, research direction, fund, and journal were Wang K from Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, China, Cell Biology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, respectively. The majority of most common keywords were related to the mechanisms and regulatory networks of oxidative stress. Furthermore, with accumulating evidence that demonstrates the role of oxidative stress in IDD, “mitochondria” and “senescence” are becoming the new research focus that should be paid more attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Hai
- *Correspondence: Yong Hai, ; Lijin Zhou,
| | - Lijin Zhou
- *Correspondence: Yong Hai, ; Lijin Zhou,
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Lu S, Xiao L, Xue Q, Jin H, Gan J, Li X, Liu Y, Liang X. Rapid Discrimination and Prediction of Ginsengs from Three Origins Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with SVM. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134225. [PMID: 35807471 PMCID: PMC9268438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, which contains abundant ginsenosides, grows mainly in the Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang in China. It has been reported that the quality and traits of ginsengs from different origins were greatly different. To date, the accurate prediction of the origins of ginseng samples is still a challenge. Here, we integrated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with a support vector machine (SVM) for rapid discrimination and prediction of ginseng from the three main regions where it is cultivated in China. Firstly, we develop a stable and reliable UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS method to obtain robust information for 31 batches of ginseng samples after reasonable optimization. Subsequently, a rapid pre-processing method was established for the rapid screening and identification of 69 characteristic ginsenosides in 31 batches ginseng samples from three different origins. The SVM model successfully distinguished ginseng origin, and the accuracy of SVM model was improved from 83% to 100% by optimizing the normalization method. Six crucial quality markers for different origins of ginseng were screened using a permutation importance algorithm in the SVM model. In addition, in order to validate the method, eight batches of test samples were used to predict the regions of cultivation of ginseng using the SVM model based on the six selected quality markers. As a result, the proposed strategy was suitable for the discrimination and prediction of the origin of ginseng samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Zhe Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoming Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Liujun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Qianqian Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Hongli Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Jiapan Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Xiaonong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Yanfang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (L.X.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
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Shao Y, Chen H, Lin H, Feng H, Gong J, Cao G, Hong W, Yao Y, Zou H, Yan Y. Exploration on Varying Patterns of Morphological Features and Quality of Armeniacae Semen Amarum in Rancid Process Based on Colorimeter, Electronic Nose, and GC/MS Coupled With Human Panel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:599979. [PMID: 35592420 PMCID: PMC9110824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.599979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the domestic and international trade volumes of Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) keep increasing. By the end of 2019, the total amount of exported CMMs reached as high as US $1.137 billion, while imported was US $2.155 billion. A stable and controllable quality system of CMMs apparently becomes the most important issue, which needs multifaceted collaboration from harvesting CMMs at a proper season to storing CMMs at a proper temperature. However, due to imperfect storage conditions, different kinds of deteriorations are prone to occur, for instance, get moldy or rancid, which not only causes a huge waste of CMM resources but also poses a great threat to clinical medication safety and public health. The key issue is to quickly and accurately distinguish deteriorated CMM samples so as to avoid consuming low-quality or even harmful CMMs. However, some attention has been paid to study the changing quality of deteriorated CMMs and a suitable method for identifying them. In this study, as a medicine and food material which easily becomes rancid, armeniacae semen amarum (ASA) was chosen as a research objective, and experimental ASA samples of different rancidness degrees were collected. Then, various kinds of analytical methods and technologies were applied to explore the changing rules of ASA quality and figure out the key indicators for the quality evaluation of ASA in the rancid process, including the human panel, colorimeter, electronic nose, and GC/MS. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the external morphological features and the inner chemical compounds, to find out the specific components from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change" in the process of "getting rancid," and to discover the dynamic changes in the aforementioned key indicators at different stages of rancidness. The results showed since ASA samples began to get rancid with the extension of storage time, morphological features, namely, surface color and smell, changed significantly, and the degree of rancidness further deepened at the same time. Based on macroscopic identification accomplished via the human panel, ASA samples with varying degrees of rancidness were divided into four groups. The result of colorimeter analysis was in agreement with that of the human panel, as well as the determination of the amygdalin content and peroxide value. Moreover, there were obvious differences in the amygdalin content and peroxide value among ASA samples with different rancidness degrees. With a higher degree of rancidness, the content of amygdalin decreased, while the peroxide value increased significantly. The rancidness degree of ASA has a negative correlation with the amygdalin content and a positive correlation with the peroxide value. The newly discovered nonanal and 2-bromopropiophenone in rancid ASA samples may be the key components of "rancidity smell," and these two components would be the exclusive components that trigger "quantitative change" to "qualitative change" in the process of rancidness of ASA. This study sheds light on studying the internal mechanism of "rancidness" of CMMs and provides an important basis for the effective storage and safe medication of easy-to-get rancid herbs, and it also plays an important foundation for the establishment of a stable and controllable quality system for CMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Shao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huirong Chen
- Clinical Study Department, Beijing Highthink Pharmaceutical Technology Service Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huishang Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianting Gong
- Chinese Medicine Resource Research Center, Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhao Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Hong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebao Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Zou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Publication Trends in Rehabilitative Effects of Acupuncture: A Visual Analysis of the Literature. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7705256. [PMID: 35449821 PMCID: PMC9017514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7705256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To conduct a comprehensive analysis of scientific outputs in 2011–2021 regarding the rehabilitative effects of acupuncture on diseases. Methods The study was conducted in the form of knowledge graph and data visualization, with data being drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Results Articles and reviews were the dominant types; China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and Medicine ranked was the active country, institution, and journal, respectively, in terms of issued articles. Systematic reviews and the meta-analyses of stroke and pain were extensively carried out in the past decade, whose principal interventions were manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, scalp acupuncture, and dry needling correspondingly at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36). And most frequently utilized rehabilitation assessment criteria were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale and the Barthel Index. More recently, motor function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have captured researchers' attention, which might be the futuristic frontier. Conclusions This article provided a relatively panoramic picture of the scientific outputs in acupuncture for disease rehabilitation, which may help readers embrace the heated topic and grasp the recent research focus on this field.
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Bibliometric and Visualized Analyses of Research Studies on Different Analgesics in the Treatment of Orthopedic Postoperative Pain. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:6835219. [PMID: 35251417 PMCID: PMC8893998 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6835219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Pain following orthopedic surgery has always been a critical issue, which caused great distress to the patients. Analgesics in the treatment of postoperative pain following orthopedic surgery have aroused great attention from scholars, and numerous studies have been published in recent years. Bibliometrics could assist scholars in understanding the scope of research topics better, identifying research focuses and key literature, and analyzing the development and trend of analgesics in the treatment of postoperative pain following orthopedic surgery. Methods Literature data were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) of Web of Science (WOS) Core collection database. The articles from 1992 to December 2021 on analgesics in the treatment of postoperative pain following orthopedic surgery were recruited. The citation reports including the publication numbers, h-index, total citations, and average citations in terms of authors, organizations, and countries were obtained. Top 20 research directions, funds, and journals with the most publications were charted. The co-authorship relations in the analysis units of authors, organizations, and countries were analyzed by the online bibliometric tool and VOSviewer software. The author's keywords co-occurrence overlay map was visualized by the VOSviewer software. Results A total of 406 articles were retrieved from 1992 to December 4th, 2021, with 11,655 times cited, average citations of 28.57 per item, and an h-index of 55. The most high-yield publication year, authors, organizations, countries, research directions, funds, and journals were 2020 (n = 887), Ilfeld BM from University of California San Diego (n = 7), University of California System (n = 21), the USA (n = 178), Anesthesiology (n = 161), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA, and United States Department of Health Human Services (n = 12), and Anesthesia and Analgesia (n = 29), respectively. Similarly, co-authoring analysis of publications regarding on different analgesics showed that the authors and countries with the most co-authorship strength were Carr Daniel B (total link strength = 6) and the USA (total link strength = 30), respectively. The highest occurrence keywords were “postoperative pain” with 135 occurrences (total link strength = 784). The future research hotspots might be “acute pain,” “outcomes,” “oxycodone,” “total hip,” “replacement,” and “United States.” Conclusion Analgesics in the treatment of postoperative pain following orthopedic surgery can be observed in this study by employing the online bibliometric tool and VOSviewer software, which established the relationship between the units of analysis. It can provide a meaningful resource with detailed information for orthopedic surgeons who would like to understand the trend in this field better. They can also benefit from the emphasis on citation count to carry out high-level research in the future.
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Wang JY, Xing Y, Li MY, Zhang ZH, Jin HL, Ma J, Lee JJ, Zhong Y, Zuo HX, Jin X. Panaxadiol inhibits IL-1β secretion by suppressing zinc finger protein 91-regulated activation of non-canonical caspase-8 inflammasome and MAPKs in macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114715. [PMID: 34648898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. in traditional Chinese medicine dates back to about 5000 years ago thanks to its several beneficial and healing properties. Panaxadiol is a triterpenoid sapogenin monomer found in the roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. and has been proven to have various bio-activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and neuroprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study focuses on investigating the inflammation inhibitory effect and mechanism of panaxadiol by regulating zinc finger protein 91-regulated activation of non-canonical caspase-8 inflammasome and MAPKs in macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, the underlying mechanisms by which panaxadiol inhibits ZFP91-regulated IL-1β expression were investigated using molecular docking, western blotting, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. In vivo, colitis was induced by oral administration of DSS in drinking water, and peritonitis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of alum. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV serotype 9) vector was used to establish ZFP91 knockdown mouse. RESULTS We confirmed that panaxadiol inhibited IL-1β secretion by suppressing ZFP91 in macrophages. Further analysis revealed that panaxadiol inhibited IL-1β secretion by suppressing ZFP91-regulated activation of non-canonical caspase-8 inflammasome. Meanwhile, panaxadiol inhibited IL-1β secretion by suppressing ZFP91-regulated activation of MAPKs. In vivo, prominent anti-inflammatory effects of panaxadiol were demonstrated in a DSS induced acute colitis mouse model and in an alum-induced peritonitis model by suppressing ZFP91-regulated secretion of inflammatory mediators, consistent with the results of the AAV-ZFP91 knockdown in mice. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that panaxadiol inhibited IL-1β secretion by suppressing ZFP91-regulated activation of non-canonical caspase-8 inflammasome and MAPKs, providing evidence for anti-inflammation mechanism of panaxadiol treatment for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Zhi Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Hong Lan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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D’Alessandro C, Benedetti A, Di Paolo A, Giannese D, Cupisti A. Interactions between Food and Drugs, and Nutritional Status in Renal Patients: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010212. [PMID: 35011087 PMCID: PMC8747252 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs and food interact mutually: drugs may affect the nutritional status of the body, acting on senses, appetite, resting energy expenditure, and food intake; conversely, food or one of its components may affect bioavailability and half-life, circulating plasma concentrations of drugs resulting in an increased risk of toxicity and its adverse effects, or therapeutic failure. Therefore, the knowledge of these possible interactions is fundamental for the implementation of a nutritional treatment in the presence of a pharmacological therapy. This is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the medication burden could be a problem, and nutritional therapy plays an important role in the patient’s treatment. The aim of this paper was to review the interactions that take place between drugs and foods that can potentially be used in renal patients, and the changes in nutritional status induced by drugs. A proper definition of the amount of food/nutrient intake, an adequate definition of the timing of meal consumption, and a proper adjustment of the drug dosing schedule may avoid these interactions, safeguarding the quality of life of the patients and guaranteeing the effectiveness of drug therapy. Hence, a close collaboration between the nephrologist, the renal dietitian, and the patient is crucial. Dietitians should consider that food may interact with drugs and that drugs may affect nutritional status, in order to provide the patient with proper dietary suggestions, and to allow the maximum effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, while preserving/correcting the nutritional status.
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Sng KS, Li G, Zhou LY, Song YJ, Chen XQ, Wang YJ, Yao M, Cui XJ. Ginseng extract and ginsenosides improve neurological function and promote antioxidant effects in rats with spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:11-22. [PMID: 35058723 PMCID: PMC8753526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as damage to the spinal cord that temporarily or permanently changes its function. There is no definite treatment established for neurological complete injury patients. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract and ginsenosides on neurological recovery and antioxidant efficacies in rat models following SCI and explore the appropriate dosage. Searches were done on PubMed, Embase, and Chinese databases, and animal studies matches the inclusion criteria were selected. Pair-wise meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Ten studies were included, and the overall methodological qualities were low quality. The result showed ginseng extract and ginsenosides significantly improve neurological function, through the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale (pooled MD = 4.40; 95% CI = 3.92 to 4.88; p < 0.00001), significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) (n = 290; pooled MD = −2.19; 95% CI = −3.16 to −1.22; p < 0.0001) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (n = 290; pooled MD = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.83; p < 0.00001). Both low (<25 mg/kg) and high dosage (≥25 mg/kg) showed significant improvement in the motor function recovery in SCI rats. Collectively, this review suggests ginseng extract and ginsenosides has a protective effect on SCI, with good safety and a clear mechanism of action and may be suitable for future clinical trials and applications.
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Chen W, Yao P, Vong CT, Li X, Chen Z, Xiao J, Wang S, Wang Y. Ginseng: A bibliometric analysis of 40-year journey of global clinical trials. J Adv Res 2021; 34:187-197. [PMID: 35024190 PMCID: PMC8655123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng has a long history of widespread use and remarkable effects as traditional medicine, adjuvant and dietary supplement. The therapeutic value, diverse functionalities and rapid development of ginseng have driven a significant increase in the number of ginseng clinical trials, ranging from its use in various ailments, formulation to safety concerns. Despite the persistent interest in ginseng clinical research, the medical effectiveness of ginseng is inconclusive and there is a lack of bibliometric analysis of the hundreds of ginseng clinical trials. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to provide an extensive overview of ginseng clinical trials over the past 40 years (1979-2018) in combination with a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The annual clinical trial analysis of time distribution, country and institution network analysis for space cooperation, statistical analysis for various functions, as well as efficiency and effect size were performed for global ginseng clinical trials. Besides, preparation categories, administration routes, and the safety of ginseng clinical trials were also investigated. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The 40-year journey of ginseng clinical trials has experienced emerging, boom, and stable or transitional stages. The global network of ginseng clinical trials has relevant regional distribution in Asia, North America and Europe. South Korea makes a great contribution to building up large research clusters and strong cooperation links. Universities are the key contributors to ginseng clinical trials. The development of ginseng products could be focused on the clinical trial in diseases with higher effectiveness or effect size, such as sexual function and cognitive & behavior and require rigorous investigations and evidence to evaluate safety. More attention should be paid to different effects from different preparations. We believe this review will provide new insights into the understanding of global ginseng clinical trials and identifies potential future perspectives for research and development of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Liu J, Chen H, Newmaster S, Wang S, Liu C. Global Trends in Cannabis and Cannabidiol Research from the Year 1940 to 2019. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:579-591. [PMID: 32479242 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200601152118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Legalization of Cannabis in countries, like Canada, and global demand for non-hallucinating chemical components, such as Cannabidiols (CBD), have stimulated the increased interest from academics, industry, and regulatory agencies. Subsequent research publications in scientific journals in this field are expected to grow rapidly. However, there have been few research reviews that have quantified patterns in research publications concerning cannabis, nor a literature-based perspective on the historical development, current status, and future direction of cannabis research. Here, a bibliometric analysis is performed to address this gap in the scientific literature. A total of 1167 relevant articles (Supplementary file 1) were screened and analyzed using three software tools: HistCite, CiteSpace, and Bibliometric Online Analysis Platform. The performances of relevant countries, institutions, authors, and journals were presented, and the evolutionary trends of different categories were revealed. The historical development of cannabis and CBD research can be clearly divided into three stages, which focus on the chemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology aspects of Cannabis sativa in general and then a focus on CBD related publications. A timeline was drawn to highlight the major trends in the literature, including scientific discoveries. In the end, several suggestions for future research directions in this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haimei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Steven Newmaster
- Natural Health Products (NHP) Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Shubin Wang
- Hanyi Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Building 8, Hangxing Sci-tech Park, Hepingli East Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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Panax ginseng-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Anti-Senescence Effects in Human Skin Cells: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Way to Use Ginseng Substances. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030486. [PMID: 33668388 PMCID: PMC7996359 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine in eastern Asian countries. Most active constituents in ginseng are prepared via fermentation or organic acid pretreatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and play central roles in intra- and inter-species communications. Plants produce EVs upon exposure to microbes; however, their direct functions and utility for human health are barely known, except for being proposed as delivery vehicles. In this study, we isolated EVs from ginseng roots (GrEVs) or the culture supernatants of ginseng cells (GcEVs) derived from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and investigated their biological effects on human skin cells. GrEV or GcEV treatments improved the replicative senescent or senescence-associated pigmented phenotypes of human dermal fibroblasts or ultraviolet B radiation-treated human melanocytes, respectively, by downregulating senescence-associated molecules and/or melanogenesis-related proteins. Based on comprehensive lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, the lipidomic profile of GrEVs differed from that of the parental root extracts, showing significant increases in 70 of 188 identified lipid species and prominent increases in diacylglycerols, some phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine), and sphingomyelin, revealing their unique vesicular properties. Therefore, our results imply that GEVs represent a novel type of bioactive and sustainable nanomaterials that can be applied to human tissues for improving tissue conditions and targeted delivery of active constituents.
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Pilch NA, Sell ML, McGhee W, Venkataramanan R. Important considerations for drugs, nutritional, and herbal supplements in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13881. [PMID: 33142023 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric transplant recipients are on multiple prescription and non-prescription drugs. Many patients also use dietary, nutritional, and herbal supplements. This manuscript researched formulations of immunosuppressive drugs currently available and presents information on generic immunosuppressive drugs, commonly used non-prescription medications, dietary supplements, and herbal supplements. Immunosuppressive drugs are available in various formulations. Not all formulations are interchangeable. A number of FDA-approved generic formulations are available commercially in the United States. Generally generic formulations produce similar blood concentration vs time profiles compared to brand name products in adults and are considered to be bioequivalent. NSAID should be avoided in transplant patients due to potential drug interactions and increased risk associated with NSAID use; and appropriate doses of acetaminophen should be used for treatment of pain. Over-the-counter medications, such as guaifenesin and dextromethorphan, antihistamine medications, including diphenhydramine, loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine, can be safely used in pediatric solid organ transplant population. Many safe and effective over-the-counter options exist for stool softening and as laxative. Diarrhea can lead to an increase in calcineurin inhibitor levels. Food can alter the absorption of immunosuppressive drugs. Several herbal products can alter immune status of the patients or alter the blood concentration of immunosuppressive drugs or may produce renal or hepatic toxicities and should be avoided in pediatric transplant recipients. It is important to educate pediatric transplant recipients and their families about not only immunosuppressive drug therapy but also about non-prescription drugs, dietary, and herbal supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Pilch
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Outcomes Sciences, Transplant ICCE, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Megan L Sell
- Pediatrics/Solid Organ Transplant and Surgery, Transplant ICCE, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - William McGhee
- Transplantation Ambulatory Care, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tong AZ, Liu W, Liu Q, Xia GQ, Zhu JY. Diversity and composition of the Panax ginseng rhizosphere microbiome in various cultivation modesand ages. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33419388 PMCID: PMC7792351 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous cropping of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in farmland for an extended period gives rise to soil-borne disease. The change in soil microbial composition is a major cause of soil-borne diseases and an obstacle to continuous cropping. The impact of cultivation modes and ages on the diversity and composition of the P. ginseng rhizosphere microbial community and technology suitable for cropping P. ginseng in farmland are still being explored. Methods Amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions were analyzed for microbial community composition and diversity. Results The obtained sequencing data were reasonable for estimating soil microbial diversity. We observed significant variations in richness, diversity, and relative abundances of microbial taxa between farmland, deforestation field, and different cultivation years. The bacterial communities of LCK (forest soil where P. ginseng was not grown) had a much higher richness and diversity than those in NCK (farmland soil where P. ginseng was not grown). The increase in cultivation years of P. ginseng in farmland and deforestation field significantly changed the diversity of soil microbial communities. In addition, the accumulation of P. ginseng soil-borne pathogens (Monographella cucumerina, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Fusarium solani, and Nectria ramulariae) varied with the cropping age of P. ginseng. Conclusion Soil microbial diversity and function were significantly poorer in farmland than in the deforestation field and were affected by P. ginseng planting years. The abundance of common soil-borne pathogens of P. ginseng increased with the cultivation age and led to an imbalance in the microbial community. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02081-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zi Tong
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Chinese Institute of Jilin Ginseng, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Guang-Qing Xia
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- School of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, No.950 Yu Cai Road, Dongchang District, Tonghua, 134002, China
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Ghosh R, Bryant DL, Farone AL. Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions. Molecules 2020; 25:E5854. [PMID: 33322293 PMCID: PMC7763949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Daniel L. Bryant
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Anthony L. Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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25
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Fan S, Zhang Z, Su H, Xu P, Qi H, Zhao D, Li X. Panax ginseng clinical trials: Current status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110832. [PMID: 33059260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax Ginseng has been widely used in Asian for thousand years. In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ginseng, more and more ginseng clinical trials (GCTs) have been conducted recently. However, there is a lack of an extensive review summarizing the current status for the quality and quantity of ginseng clinical researches until now. Therefore, clinical trials for ginseng were retrieved from International Clinical Trials Registration Platform and collected through the system retrieval method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in PubMed, the Web of Science, the Korean Studies Information Service System, and SCOPUS database. We summarized the clinical characteristics of 152 registered ginseng clinical trials (R-GCTs) and119 published ginseng clinical trials (P-GCTs), such as source register, recruitment status, primary purpose, duration, sample size, conditions, and outcomes. Among them, ginseng has mainly been studied in clinical trials in the single-center and less than 200 subjects. In the most GCTs, healthy subjects and patients with various conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are administrated with ginseng, ginsenosides or the prescriptions containing ginseng for less than 3 months to investigate the protective and therapeutic functions of ginseng. 95 (79.8 %) published articles showed that ginseng has plenty of positive effects. This review could assist the basic researchers and clinical doctors to understand current status and problem of ginseng clinical research, and perhaps could benefit for the reasonable and accurate design of future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Fan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hang Su
- Practice Innovations Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Neurology Department, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Kim SK, Son CG. Analysis of patents targeting antimetastatic effect using herbal materials. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100427. [PMID: 32775196 PMCID: PMC7394849 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sul-Ki Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Wang R, Liang X, Long Z, Wang X, Yang L, Lu B, Gao J. An LCI-like protein APC 2 protects ginseng root from Fusarium solani infection. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:165-178. [PMID: 32639629 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to purify an antimicrobial protein from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FS6 culture supernatant, verify its antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani and evaluate its biocontrol potential for ginseng root rot. METHODS AND RESULTS The antimicrobial protein was purified from FS6 culture supernatant using ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange and gel chromatography. Based on mass spectrometry results, the purified protein was identified as an antimicrobial protein of the LCI family and was designated APC2 . The APC2 recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21) significantly inhibited F. solani and decreased the infection and spread of F. solani in ginseng root. An overexpressing APC2 strain FS6-APC2 was constructed and shown to have enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the wild-type strain FS6. CONCLUSIONS The APC2 protein shows strong antimicrobial activity against F. solani, reduces the incidence and severity of ginseng root rot caused by F. solani and exhibits a great biocontrol potential. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports the inhibitory activity of APC2 protein (LCI family) against F. solani and its protective efficacy on ginseng root rot. These findings provide a scientific basis for future research on the biocontrol mechanism, as well as the development and application of FS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Z Long
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - B Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - J Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Salmerón-Manzano E, Garrido-Cardenas JA, Manzano-Agugliaro F. Worldwide Research Trends on Medicinal Plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103376. [PMID: 32408690 PMCID: PMC7277765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants has been done since ancient times and may even be considered the origin of modern medicine. Compounds of plant origin have been and still are an important source of compounds for drugs. In this study a bibliometric study of all the works indexed in the Scopus database until 2019 has been carried out, analyzing more than 100,000 publications. On the one hand, the main countries, institutions and authors researching this topic have been identified, as well as their evolution over time. On the other hand, the links between the authors, the countries and the topics under research have been analyzed through the detection of communities. The last two periods, from 2009 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2019, have been examined in terms of research topics. It has been observed that the areas of study or clusters have been reduced, those of the last period being those engaged in unclassified drug, traditional medicine, cancer, in vivo study—antidiabetic activity, and animals—anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, it has been observed that the trend in global research is focused more on the search for new medicines or active compounds rather than on the cultivation or domestication of plant species with this demonstrated potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Almeria, ceiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-950-015-396; Fax: +34-950-015-491
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29
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Ratan ZA, Haidere MF, Hong YH, Park SH, Lee JO, Lee J, Cho JY. Pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major component ginsenosides. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:199-210. [PMID: 33841000 PMCID: PMC8020288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used as a traditional herb in Asian countries for thousands of years. It contains a large number of active ingredients including steroidal saponins, protopanaxadiols, and protopanaxatriols, collectively known as ginsenosides. In the last few decades, the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ginseng, in addition to its effects on improving immunity, energy and sexuality, and combating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurological diseases, have been studied in both basic and clinical research. Ginseng could be a valuable resource for future drug development; however, further higher quality evidence is required. Moreover, ginseng may have drug interactions although the available evidence suggests it is a relatively safe product. This article reviews the bioactive compounds, global distribution, and therapeutic potential of plants in the genus Panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Faisal Haidere
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oog Lee
- Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Kim HM, Song Y, Hyun GH, Long NP, Park JH, Hsieh YS, Kwon SW. Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Neutral and Acidic Polysaccharides from Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040791. [PMID: 32059482 PMCID: PMC7070964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) is the most widely consumed herbal plant in Asia and is well-known for its various pharmacological properties. Many studies have been devoted to this natural product. However, polysaccharide’s components of ginseng and their biological effects have not been widely studied. In this study, white ginseng neutral polysaccharide (WGNP) and white ginseng acidic polysaccharide (WGAP) fractions were purified from P. ginseng roots. The chemical properties of WGNP and WGAP were investigated using various chromatography and spectroscopy techniques, including high-performance gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultra-violet detector. The antioxidant, anti-radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model organism. Our in vitro data by ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), reducing power, ferrous ion chelating, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity suggested that the WGAP with significantly higher uronic acid content and higher molecular weight exhibits a much stronger antioxidant effect as compared to that of WGNP. Similar antioxidant activity of WGAP was also confirmed in vivo by evaluating internal reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, WGAP may be used as a natural antioxidant with potent scavenging and metal chelation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.H.); (N.P.L.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Yanxue Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.H.); (N.P.L.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Gyu Hwan Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.H.); (N.P.L.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.H.); (N.P.L.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.H.); (N.P.L.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Yves S.Y. Hsieh
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.H.); (N.P.L.); (J.H.P.)
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-7880
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31
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Williamson EM, Liu X, Izzo AA. Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1227-1240. [PMID: 31799702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutraceuticals market is vast, encompassing many different products with inconsistent levels of evidence available to support their use. This overview represents a Western perspective of the nutraceuticals market, with a brief comparison with that in China, as an illustration of how individual health supplements increase and decrease in popularity in regional terms. Recent changes in sales patterns, mainly taken from the US market, are summarized and a selection of five newer products, which have not been subject to extensive recent review are profiled: astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in red algae, seafood, salmon and trout, as an antioxidant; cannabidiol, a non-euphoric marijuana ingredient used as mood enhancer and for painful/inflammatory conditions; modified extracts of ginseng used in new indications including dementia and space travel; monk fruit, a non-sugar high intensity sweetener and nigella seed, a popular food ingredient and Asian medicine, which has experienced an extraordinary rise in sales recently. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8018525. [PMID: 32016120 PMCID: PMC6985933 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8018525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected P. ginseng than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected P. ginseng, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including Rhodomicrobium, Knoellia, Nakamurella, Asticcacaulis, and Actinomadura) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected P. ginseng, whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including Xenopolyscytalum, Arthrobotrys, Chalara, Cryptococcus, and Scutellinia) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (Cylindrocarpon, Acrophialophora, Alternaria, Doratomyces, and Fusarium) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces in the rhizosphere of P. ginseng may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of P. ginseng.
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Wang J, Wu X. Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiuwei Zhenxin Granules in Treating Depression: An Overview. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2237-2255. [PMID: 33116523 PMCID: PMC7541918 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s273324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is known as "Yu Zheng" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Jiuwei Zhenxin granules (JZG) is a type of TCM. According to TCM theory, it nourishes the heart and spleen, tonifies Qi, and tranquilizes the spirit, and may also has effects in the treatment of depression. Here, we systematically reviewed recent basic and clinical experimental studies of JZG and depression, including studies of the pharmacological mechanisms, active ingredients, and clinical applications of JZG in depression treatment. This review will deepen our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms, drug interactions, and clinical applications of TCM prescriptions and provide a basis for the development of new drugs in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmao Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors in the Asteranae. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100393. [PMID: 31581604 PMCID: PMC6843914 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors family, which participates in many physiological processes in plants, constitutes one of the largest transcription factor families. The Asterales and the Apiales are two orders of flowering plants in the superorder Asteranae. Among the members of the Asterales, globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) are important economic crops worldwide. Within the Apiales, ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen are important medicinal plants, while carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota L.) has significant economic value. Research involving genome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors in the Asterales and the Apiales has been limited. In this study, 490 WRKY genes, 244 from three species of the Apiales and 246 from three species of the Asterales, were identified and categorized into three groups. Within each group, WRKY motif characteristics and gene structures were similar. WRKY gene promoter sequences contained light responsive elements, core regulatory elements, and 12 abiotic stress cis-acting elements. WRKY genes were evenly distributed on each chromosome. Evidence of segmental and tandem duplication events was found in all six species in the Asterales and the Apiales, with segmental duplication inferred to play a major role in WRKY gene evolution. Among the six species, we uncovered 54 syntenic gene pairs between globe artichoke and lettuce. The six species are thus relatively closely related, consistent with their traditional taxonomic placement in the Asterales. This study, based on traditional species classifications, was the first to identify WRKY transcription factors in six species from the Asteranae. Our results lay a foundation for further understanding of the role of WRKY transcription factors in species evolution and functional differentiation.
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He J, Wang H, Vijg J. New Insights into Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Insulin Resistance Based on Signaling Pathways. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900176. [PMID: 31368177 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a serious metabolic disease as a long-term threat to human health. Insulin resistance is not only the basis and major feature of type 2 diabetes, but also the main etiology of diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. It has been shown that Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, through attenuating insulin resistance, whereas the mechanism involved is not yet well understood. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of these bioactive compounds so that one can pave the way for the modernization of TCMs. In this review, we focus on the recent progresses of some bioactive ingredients from TCMs with different functional groups, which exhibit therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic insulin resistance. It is expected that this review can provide new references for developing TCM-derived drugs against diabetes and insulin resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jan Vijg
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Huang LL, Tang M, Du QQ, Liu CX, Yan C, Yang JL, Li Y. The effects and mechanisms of a biosynthetic ginsenoside 3β,12β-Di-O-Glc-PPD on non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7375-7385. [PMID: 31571900 PMCID: PMC6750213 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s217039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A biosynthetic ginsenoside, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3β, 12β, 20S-triol (C3C12PPD), showed antitumor activity against many tumor cells in vitro, especially had better anti-lung cancer activity than Rg3 in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of C3C12PPD on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. According to previous studies, we hypothesized ginsenoside C3C12PPD could inhibit the tumor growth of NSCLC by targeting proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Methods A thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) was performed to evaluate cell viability. Additionally, Transwell and tube formation assays were conducted to analyze cell migration and angiogenesis. The Lewis and A549 tumor xenograft experiments were also performed to investigate the effects of C3C12PPD on tumor growth in vivo, Western blotting and IHC assay were performed to analyze protein expression. Results C3C12PPD could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells, and tube formation of EA.hy926 cell. Ginsenoside C3C12PPD suppressed Lewis and A549 tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects on body weight and the hematology index. In addition, the Western blot analysis revealed that the effects of C3C12PPD on lung cancer were mediated by inhibiting Raf/MEK/ERK, AKT/mTOR and AKT/GSK-3β/β-Catenin signaling pathways. Finally, C3C12PPD could significantly inhibit the proliferation index and vessel number in Lewis xenograft tumors analyzed by IHC. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that ginsenoside C3C12PPD may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate compound against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Yang
- Department of Biosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC. The G115 standardized ginseng extract: an example for safety, efficacy, and quality of an herbal medicine. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:179-193. [PMID: 32148399 PMCID: PMC7031746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng products on the market show high variability in their composition and overall quality. This becomes a challenge for both consumers and health-care professionals who are in search of high-quality, reliable ginseng products that have a proven safety and efficacy profile. The botanical extract standardization is of crucial importance in this context as it determines the reproducibility of the quality of the product that is essential for the evaluation of effectiveness and safety. This review focuses on the well-characterized and standardized ginseng extract, G115, which represents an excellent example of an herbal drug preparation with constant safety and efficacy within the herbal medicinal products. Over the many decades, extensive preclinical and clinical research has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of G115. In vitro and in vivo studies of G115 have shown pharmacological effects on physical performance, cognitive function, metabolism, and the immune system. Furthermore, a significant number of G115 clinical studies, most of them double-blind placebo-controlled, have reinforced the findings of preclinical evidence and proved the efficacy of this extract on blood glucose and lipid regulation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, energy, physical performance, and immune and cognitive functions. Clinical trials and 50 years of presence on the market are proof of a good safety profile of G115.
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Key Words
- 3′,5′-AMP, adenosine 3′5′ monophosphate
- AMPK, 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Blood glucose and lipid regulation
- CDR, cognitive drug research
- CDRI, cognitive drug research index
- CO, crossover
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- DB, double-blind
- DER, drug extract ratio
- Energy and physical performance
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FEF50, forced expiratory flow50
- FEF75, forced expiratory flow75
- FER, forced expiratory ratio
- FEV1, forced expiration volume in one second
- FEV1/FVC, ratio of FEV1/FVC
- FVC, forced vital capacity
- G115 standardized ginseng extract
- G115, standardized root extract of P. ginseng Meyer
- GACPs, good agricultural and collection practices
- GMPs, good manufacturing practices
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein
- HMPs, herbal medicinal products
- HbAlc, glycated hemoglobin
- Immune and cognitive functions
- LA, lipoic acid
- LDLc, low-density lipoprotein
- MVV, maximum ventilation volume
- PC, placebo-controlled
- PEF, peak expiration flow
- PEFR, peak expiration flow rate
- PFTs, pulmonary function tests
- PG, parallel group
- PGC-1α, proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α
- PS, pilot study
- PaO2, blood oxygen pressure
- R, randomized
- RVIP, rapid visual information processing
- S-SIgA, SIgA secretion rate
- SB, single-blind
- SFR, saliva flow rate
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SIgA, secretory immunoglobulin A
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- VO2 max, maximal oxygen consumption
- WHO, World Health Organization
- pO2, partial oxygen pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria C Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Zhou Q, Pei J, Poon J, Lau AY, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu C, Huang L. Worldwide research trends on aristolochic acids (1957-2017): Suggestions for researchers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216135. [PMID: 31048858 PMCID: PMC6497264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are components of many traditional medicines that have been used for thousands of years, particularly in Asian countries. To study the trends of research into aristolochic acids and provide suggestions for future study, we performed the following work. In this paper, we performed a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and HistCite software. We reviewed the three phases of the development of aristolochic acids by using bibliometrics. In addition, we performed a longitudinal review of published review articles over 60 years: 1,217 articles and 189 review articles on the history of aristolochic acid research published between 1957 and 2017 were analyzed. The performances of relevant countries, institutions, and authors are presented; the evolutionary trends of different categories are revealed; the history of research into aristolochic acids is divided into three phases, each of which has unique characteristics; and a roadmap of the historical overview of aristolochic acid research is finally established. Finally, five pertinent suggestions for future research into aristolochic acid are offered: (1) The study of the antitumor efficacy of aristolochic acids is of value; (2) The immune activity of aristolochic acids should be explored further; (3) Researchers should perform a thorough overview of the discovery of naturally occurring aristolochic acids; (4) More efforts should be directed toward exploring the correlation between aristolochic acid mutational signature and various cancers; (5) Further efforts should be devoted to the research and review work related to analytical chemistry. Our study is expected to benefit researchers in shaping future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Josiah Poon
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Analytic and Clinical Cooperative Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Y Lau
- Analytic and Clinical Cooperative Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Kim U, Jiao Y, Li C, Guo Y, Ma X, Jiang M, Jiang Z, Hou Y, Bai G. Quantitative Proteomics Combined with Affinity MS Revealed the Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Antitumor Effects. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2100-2108. [PMID: 30860844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides have previously been demonstrated to effectively inhibit cancer cell growth and survival in both animal models and cell lines. However, the specific ginsenoside component that is the active ingredient for cancer treatment through interaction with a target protein remains unknown. By an integrated quantitative proteomics approach via affinity mass spectrum (MS) technology, we deciphered the core structure of the ginsenoside active ingredient derived from crude extracts of ginsenosides and progressed toward identifying the target protein that mediates its anticancer activity. The Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling quantitative proteomics technique acquired 55620 MS/MS spectra that identified 5499 proteins and 3045 modified proteins. Of these identified proteins, 224 differentially expressed proteins and modified proteins were significantly altered in nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines. Bioinformatics tools for comprehensive analysis revealed that the Ras protein played a general regulatory role in many functional pathways and was probably the direct target protein of a compound in ginsenosides. Then, affinity MS screening based on the Ras protein identified 20(s)-protopanaxadiol, 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2, and 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rg3 had affinity with Ras protein under different conditions. In particular, 20(s)-protopanaxadiol, whose derivatives are the reported antitumor compounds 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2 and 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rg3 that have a higher affinity for Ras via a low KD of 1.22 μM and the mutation sites of G12 and G60, was demonstrated to play a core role in those interactions. Moreover, the molecular mechanism and bioactivity assessment results confirmed the identity of the chemical ligand that was directly acting on the GTP binding pocket of Ras and shown to be effective in cancer cell bioactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Unchol Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nankai District, 312 Anshan Road , Tianjin 300193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Avenida Wai Long , Taipa, Macau , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road , Tianjin 300353 , People's Republic of China
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Jeong Y, Ku S, You HJ, Ji GE. A stereo-selective growth inhibition profile of ginsenoside Rh2 on human colon cancer cells. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1607562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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A multidimensional analytical approach based on time-decoupled online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of ginsenosides from white and red ginsengs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 163:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang N, An X, Lang P, Wang F, Xie Y. Ginsenoside Rd contributes the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1016-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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An Integrated LC-MS-Based Strategy for the Quality Assessment and Discrimination of Three Panax Species. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112988. [PMID: 30445785 PMCID: PMC6278395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality assessment and discrimination of Panax herbs are very challenging to perform due to the complexity and variability of their chemical compositions. An integrated strategy was established using UHPLC-Q-Exactive/HRMS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to achieve an accurate, rapid, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of Panax japonicas (PJ), Panax japonicus var. major (PM), and Panax zingiberensis (PZ). Additionally, discrimination among the three species was explored with partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots. A total of 101 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, including 82 from PJ, 78 from PM, and 67 from PZ. Among them, 16 representative ginsenosides were further quantified in three herbs. A clear discrimination between the three species was observed through a multivariate statistical analysis on the quantitative data. Nine compounds that allowed for discrimination between PJ, PM, and PZ were discovered. Notably, ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf), ginsenoside F3 (G-F3), and chikusetsu saponin IV (CS-IV) were the three most important differential compounds. The research indicated that the integrated LC-MS-based strategy can be applied for the quality assessment and discrimination of the three Panax herbs.
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Ginsenoside Re Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8637134. [PMID: 29849732 PMCID: PMC5937570 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8637134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Panax ginseng is widely used for treatment of cardiovascular disorders in China. Ginsenoside Re is the main chemical component of Panax ginseng. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Ginsenoside Re on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats were orally given Ginsenoside Re (5, 20 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Isoproterenol was subcutaneously injected into the rats for two consecutive days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day (on 6th and 7th day). Six hours after the last isoproterenol injection, troponin T level and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity were assayed. Histopathological examination of heart tissues was performed. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in heart tissues were measured. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content in nucleus and the proteins of glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM) in heart tissues were assayed by western blotting method. Results. Treatment with Ginsenoside Re at dose of 5, 20 mg/kg reduced troponin T level and CK-MB activity of rats subjected to isoproterenol. The cardioprotective effect of Ginsenoside Re was further confirmed by histopathological examination which showed that Ginsenoside Re attenuated the necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration. Ginsenoside Re inhibited the increase of MDA content and the decrease of GSH in heart tissues. Moreover, the Nrf2 content in nucleus and the expressions of GCLC and GCLM were significantly increased in the animals treated with Ginsenoside Re. Conclusion. These findings suggested that Ginsenoside Re possesses the property to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemic injury by regulating the antioxidation function in cardiomyocytes.
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Dong L, Xu J, Zhang L, Cheng R, Wei G, Su H, Yang J, Qian J, Xu R, Chen S. Rhizospheric microbial communities are driven by Panax ginseng at different growth stages and biocontrol bacteria alleviates replanting mortality. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:272-282. [PMID: 29719788 PMCID: PMC5925392 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of Panax plants is hindered by replanting problems, which may be caused by plant-driven changes in the soil microbial community. Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanting issues. Through high-throughput sequencing, this study revealed that bacterial diversity decreased, whereas fungal diversity increased, in the rhizosphere soils of adult ginseng plants at the root growth stage under different ages. Few microbial community, such as Luteolibacter, Cytophagaceae, Luteibacter, Sphingomonas, Sphingomonadaceae, and Zygomycota, were observed; the relative abundance of microorganisms, namely, Brevundimonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Pandoraea, Cantharellales, Dendryphion, Fusarium, and Chytridiomycota, increased in the soils of adult ginseng plants compared with those in the soils of 2-year-old seedlings. Bacillus subtilis 50-1, a microbial antagonist against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated through a dual culture technique. These bacteria acted with a biocontrol efficacy of 67.8%. The ginseng death rate and Fusarium abundance decreased by 63.3% and 46.1%, respectively, after inoculation with B. subtilis 50-1. Data revealed that microecological degradation could result from ginseng-driven changes in rhizospheric microbial communities; these changes are associated with the different ages and developmental stages of ginseng plants. Biocontrol using microbial antagonists alleviated the replanting problem.
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Hashiguchi A, Tian J, Komatsu S. Proteomic Contributions to Medicinal Plant Research: From Plant Metabolism to Pharmacological Action. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040035. [PMID: 29215602 PMCID: PMC5748570 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine is a clinical practice of utilizing medicinal plant derivatives for therapeutic purposes. It has an enduring history worldwide and plays a significant role in the fight against various diseases. Herbal drug combinations often exhibit synergistic therapeutic action compared with single-constituent dosage, and can also enhance the cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. To explore the mechanism underlying the pharmacological action of herbs, proteomic approaches have been applied to the physiology of medicinal plants and its effects on animals. This review article focuses on the existing proteomics-based medicinal plant research and discusses the following topics: (i) plant metabolic pathways that synthesize an array of bioactive compounds; (ii) pharmacological action of plants tested using in vivo and in vitro studies; and (iii) the application of proteomic approaches to indigenous plants with scarce sequence information. The accumulation of proteomic information in a biological or medicinal context may help in formulating the effective use of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hashiguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
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