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Carbine KA, LeCheminant JD, Kelley TA, Kapila-Ramirez A, Hill K, Masterson T, Christensen E, Larson MJ. The impact of exercise on food-related inhibitory control- do calories, time of day, and BMI matter? Evidence from an event-related potential (ERP) study. Appetite 2024; 200:107514. [PMID: 38838592 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests exercise improves inhibitory control functions. We tested if exercise-related inhibitory control benefits extend to food-related inhibitory control and differ by calorie content, time of day, and weight status. One hundred thirty-eight individuals were pseudo-randomly assigned to a morning or evening group. Each subject participated in two lab sessions where they completed questionnaires (rest session) or walked on a treadmill at 3.8mph (exercise session) for 45 min. After each session, participants completed both a high-calorie and low-calorie go/no-go task while N2 and P3 event-related potentials (ERP), both neural indicators of inhibitory control, were measured. Participants also rated food images for valence and arousal. While N2 and P3 difference amplitudes were larger to high-calorie than low-calorie foods, neither exercise nor time of day affected results. Individuals had faster response times after exercise without decreases in accuracy. Arousal and valence for high-calorie foods were lower after exercise and lower for all foods after morning compared to evening exercise. In a subset of individuals with obesity and normal-weight individuals, individuals with obesity had larger N2 difference amplitudes after morning exercise, while normal-weight individuals had larger P3 difference amplitudes to high-calorie foods after exercise. Results suggest moderate exercise did not affect food-related inhibitory control generally, although morning exercise may be beneficial in improving early recruitment of food-related inhibitory control in individuals with obesity. Moderate exercise, particularly in the morning, may also help manage increased attention allocated to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie A Carbine
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA.
| | - James D LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Tracy A Kelley
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Anita Kapila-Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Kyle Hill
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Travis Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Edward Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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Hu Y, Shi W, Jiang D, Zhao L, Lu H, Wu D, Lin Z. MR Assessment of Acute Changes of Cerebral Perfusion, Metabolism, and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Response to Aerobic Exercise. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39096314 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear how a single bout of exercise affects brain perfusion, oxygen metabolism, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Addressing this unresolved issue is essential to understand the acute changes in cerebral physiology induced by aerobic exercise. PURPOSE To dynamically monitor the acute changes in cerebral physiology subsequent to a single aerobic exercise training session using noninvasive MRI measurements. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twenty-three healthy participants (18-35 years, 10 females/13 males) were enrolled and divided into 10-minute exercising (N = 10) and 20-minute exercising (N = 13) groups. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/Phase Contrast (PC) MRI (gradient echo), T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) MRI (gradient echo EPI), Water-Extraction-with-Phase-Contrast-Arterial-Spin-Tagging (WEPCAST) MRI (gradient echo EPI) and T1-weighted magnetization-prepared-rapid-acquisition-of-gradient-echo (MPRAGE) (gradient echo). ASSESSMENT A baseline MR measurement plus four repeated MR measurements immediately after 10 or 20 minutes moderate running exercise. MR measurements included cerebral blood flow (CBF) as measured by PC MRI, venous oxygenation (Yv) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) as assessed by TRUST MRI, water extraction fraction (E), and BBB permeability-surface-area product (PS) as determined by WEPCAST MRI. STATISTICAL TESTS The time dependence of the physiological parameters was studied with a linear mixed-effect model. Additionally, pairwise t-tests comparison of the physiological parameters at each time point was conducted. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was an initial drop (8.22 ± 2.60%) followed by a recovery in CBF after exercise, while Yv revealed a significant decrease (6.37 ± 0.92%), i.e., an increased oxygen extraction, and returned to baseline at later time points. CMRO2 showed a trend of increase (5.68 ± 3.04%) and a significant interaction between time and group. In addition, E increased significantly (3.86% ± 0.89) and returned to baseline level at later time points, while PS remained elevated (13.33 ± 4.79%). DATA CONCLUSION A single bout of moderate aerobic exercise can induce acute alterations in cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and BBB permeability. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Shi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ahles S, Joris PJ, Plat J. Short-term Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation improves cognitive performance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy young adults. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1545-1553. [PMID: 38656355 PMCID: PMC11329521 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence on the potential beneficial effects of anthocyanin-rich foods and supplements on cognitive performance is mainly based on acute or long-term studies in older adults. However, short-term studies focusing on a younger population are lacking. Therefore, short-term effects of Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) supplementation on cognitive performance were investigated in healthy young adults. Potential underlying mechanisms were also addressed. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study was performed involving 35 apparently healthy young adults. Participants consumed AME (180 mg anthocyanins/day) or a placebo for 1 week, separated by at least 2 weeks of wash-out. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Furthermore, arterial stiffness (carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity), retinal microvascular calibers (fundus photography), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations were measured at baseline and after 1 week. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 25 ± 4 years and an average BMI of 23.4 ± 2.7 kg/m2. Compliance was excellent and the study product was well-tolerated. As compared to placebo, movement time was significantly reduced by 4.8% within the five-choice reaction time test after 1 week of AME supplementation (intervention effect: - 12 ms; p < 0.05). Memory and executive function did however not change. Serum BDNF concentrations were significantly higher after AME supplementation as compared to placebo (+ 5.7%; intervention effect: 1.8 ng/mL; p < 0.05). However, arterial stiffness and retinal microvascular calibers were not affected. CONCLUSION Short-term AME supplementation beneficially affected cognitive performance as attention and psychomotor speed improved. Serum BDNF concentrations were increased, but vascular function markers were not affected. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on Clinical Trials under NCT03793777 on January 4th, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 50, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Yazdan-Panah A, Bodini B, Soulier T, Veronese M, Bottlaender M, Tonietto M, Stankoff B. Simultaneous assessment of blood flow and myelin content in the brain white matter with dynamic [11 C]PiB PET: a test-retest study in healthy controls. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38801594 PMCID: PMC11130116 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the relationship between oxygen supply and myelin damage would benefit from a simultaneous quantification of myelin and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the brain's white matter (WM). To validate an analytical method for quantifying both CBF and myelin content in the WM using dynamic [11C]PiB positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS A test-retest study was performed on eight healthy subjects who underwent two consecutive dynamic [11 C]PiB-PET scans. Three quantitative approaches were compared: simplified reference tissue model 2 (SRTM2), LOGAN graphical model, and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). The sensitivity of methods to the size of the region of interest was explored by simulating lesion masks obtained from 36 subjects with multiple sclerosis. Reproducibility was assessed using the relative difference and interclass correlation coefficient. Repeated measures correlations were used to test for cross-correlations between metrics. RESULTS Among the CBF measures, the relative delivery (R1) of the simplified reference tissue model 2 (SRTM2) displayed the best reproducibility in the white matter, with a strong influence of the size of regions analyzed, the test-retest variability being below 10% for regions above 68 mm3 in the supratentorial white matter. [11C]PiB PET-derived proxies of CBF demonstrated lower perfusion of white matter compared to grey matter with an overall ratio equal to 1.71 ± 0.09 when the SRTM2-R1 was employed. Tissue binding in the white matter was well estimated by the Logan graphical model through estimation of the distribution volume ratio (LOGAN-DVR) and SRTM2 distribution volume ratio (SRTM2-DVR), with test-retest variability being below 10% for regions exceeding 106 mm3 for LOGAN-DVR and 300 mm3 for SRTM2-DVR. SRTM2-DVR provided a better contrast between white matter and grey matter. The interhemispheric variability was also dependent on the size of the region analyzed, being below 10% for regions above 103 mm3 for SRTM2-R1 and above 110 mm3 for LOGAN-DVR. Whereas the 1 to 8-minute standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR1-8) showed an intermediary reproducibility for CBF assessment, SUVR0-2 for perfusion or SUVR50-70 for tissue binding showed poor reproducibility and correlated only mildly with SRTM2-R1 and LOGAN-DVR estimations respectively. CONCLUSIONS [11C]PiB PET imaging can simultaneously quantify perfusion and myelin content in WM diseases associated with focal lesions. For longitudinal studies, SRTM2-R1 and DVR should be preferred over SUVR for the assessment of regional CBF and myelin content, respectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION European Union Clinical Trials Register EUDRACT; EudraCT Number: 2008-004174-40; Date: 2009-03-06; https//www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu ; number 2008-004174-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Yazdan-Panah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, Inserm, France
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Théodore Soulier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Information Engineering (DEI), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Matteo Tonietto
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomarkers & Translational Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France.
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Adams MS, Mensink RP, Plat J, Joris PJ. Long-term effects of an egg-protein hydrolysate on cognitive performance and brain vascular function: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adults with elevated subjective cognitive failures. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03394-y. [PMID: 38703228 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short-term intake of the egg-protein hydrolysate Newtricious (NWT)-03 improved executive function, but underlying mechanisms and long-term effects, including other cognitive domains, are unknown. METHODS A 36-week randomized controlled trial involving 44 overweight/obese individuals experiencing elevated Subjective Cognitive Failures (SCF; aged 60-75 years) assessed the impact of daily consumption of 5.7 g of NWT-03 or placebo powders on cognitive performance (psychomotor speed, executive function, memory) and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), a marker of brain vascular function. Cognitive performance was evaluated using a neurophysiological test battery (CANTAB) and CBF was measured using magnetic resonance imaging perfusion method Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL). Serum samples were collected to determine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. RESULTS Anthropometrics, and energy and nutrient intakes remained stable throughout the trial. NWT-03 was well tolerated, and compliance was excellent (median: 99%; range: 87-103%). No overall intervention effects were observed on cognitive performance or CBF, but post-hoc analyses revealed significant improvements on executive function in women, but not men. Specifically, a reduction of 74 ms in reaction latency on the multitasking task (95% CI: -134 to -15; p = 0.02), a reduction of 9 between errors (95%CI: -14 to -3; p < 0.001), and a reduction of 9 total errors (95%CI: -15 to -3; p < 0.001) on the spatial working memory task were found in women. No intervention effects were observed on serum BDNF concentrations (p = 0.31). CONCLUSION Long-term consumption of NWT-03 improved multitasking abilities and working memory in women with elevated SCF. Brain vascular function remained unaffected. Sex differences in executive function require additional clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah S Adams
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lv S, Jiao H, Zhong X, Qu Y, Zhang M, Wang R. Association between intensity of physical activity and cognitive function in hypertensive patients: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10106. [PMID: 38697999 PMCID: PMC11065981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a higher intensity of physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (CI), whereas hypertension is associated with higher CI. However, there are few studies on the association between PA intensity and cognitive function in hypertensive patients. This study investigated the association between PA intensity and cognitive function in hypertensive patients. A total of 2035 hypertensive patients were included in this study, including 407 hypertensive patients with CI and 1628 hypertensive patients with normal cognitive function matched 1:4 by age and sex. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form and the Mini-mental State Examination were used to evaluate PA intensity, total metabolic equivalents, and cognitive function in patients with hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between PA intensity and CI in hypertensive patients. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between PA intensity and the total score of each component of the MMSE and the correlation between PA total metabolic equivalents and cardiac structure in hypertensive patients. After adjusting for all confounding factors, PA intensity was negatively associated with CI in hypertensive patients (OR = 0.608, 95% CI: 0.447-0.776, P < 0.001), and this association was also observed in hypertensive patients with education level of primary school and below and junior high school and above (OR = 0.732, 95% CI: 0.539-0.995, P = 0.047; OR = 0.412, 95% CI: 0.272-0.626, P < 0.001). The intensity of PA in hypertensive patients was positively correlated with orientation (r = 0.125, P < 0.001), memory (r = 0.052, P = 0.020), attention and numeracy (r = 0.151, P < 0.001), recall ability (r = 0.110, P < 0.001), and language ability (r = 0.144, P < 0.001). PA total metabolic equivalents in hypertensive patients were negatively correlated with RVEDD and LAD (r = - 0.048, P = 0.030; r = - 0.051, P = 0.020) and uncorrelated with LVEDD (r = 0.026, P = 0.233). Higher PA intensity reduced the incidence of CI in hypertensive patients. Therefore, hypertensive patients were advised to moderate their PA according to their circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Lv
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huachen Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Zhong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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McIlvain G, Magoon EM, Clements RG, Merritt A, Hiscox LV, Schwarb H, Johnson CL. Acute effects of high-intensity exercise on brain mechanical properties and cognitive function. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00873-y. [PMID: 38538876 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that engagement in even a single session of exercise can improve cognitive performance in the short term. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms contributing to this effect are still being studied. Recently, with improvements to advanced quantitative neuroimaging techniques, brain tissue mechanical properties can be sensitively and noninvasively measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and regional brain mechanical properties have been shown to reflect individual cognitive performance. Here we assess brain mechanical properties before and immediately after engagement in a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) regimen, as well as one-hour post-exercise. We find that immediately after exercise, subjects in the HIIT group had an average global brain stiffness decrease of 4.2% (p < 0.001), and an average brain damping ratio increase of 3.1% (p = 0.002). In contrast, control participants who did not engage in exercise showed no significant change over time in either stiffness or damping ratio. Changes in brain mechanical properties with exercise appeared to be regionally dependent, with the hippocampus decreasing in stiffness by 10.4%. We also found that one-hour after exercise, brain mechanical properties returned to initial baseline values. The magnitude of changes to brain mechanical properties also correlated with improvements in reaction time on executive control tasks (Eriksen Flanker and Stroop) with exercise. Understanding the neural changes that arise in response to exercise may inform potential mechanisms behind improvements to cognitive performance with acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace McIlvain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily M Magoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Rebecca G Clements
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Alexis Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Lucy V Hiscox
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Padrela B, Mahroo A, Tee M, Sneve MH, Moyaert P, Geier O, Kuijer JPA, Beun S, Nordhøy W, Zhu YD, Buck MA, Hoinkiss DC, Konstandin S, Huber J, Wiersinga J, Rikken R, de Leeuw D, Grydeland H, Tippett L, Cawston EE, Ozturk-Isik E, Linn J, Brandt M, Tijms BM, van de Giessen EM, Muller M, Fjell A, Walhovd K, Bjørnerud A, Pålhaugen L, Selnes P, Clement P, Achten E, Anazodo U, Barkhof F, Hilal S, Fladby T, Eickel K, Morgan C, Thomas DL, Petr J, Günther M, Mutsaerts HJMM. Developing blood-brain barrier arterial spin labelling as a non-invasive early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (DEBBIE-AD): a prospective observational multicohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081635. [PMID: 38458785 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is hypothesised to be one of the earliest microvascular signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing BBB integrity imaging methods involve contrast agents or ionising radiation, and pose limitations in terms of cost and logistics. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion MRI has been recently adapted to map the BBB permeability non-invasively. The DEveloping BBB-ASL as a non-Invasive Early biomarker (DEBBIE) consortium aims to develop this modified ASL-MRI technique for patient-specific and robust BBB permeability assessments. This article outlines the study design of the DEBBIE cohorts focused on investigating the potential of BBB-ASL as an early biomarker for AD (DEBBIE-AD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS DEBBIE-AD consists of a multicohort study enrolling participants with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and AD, as well as age-matched healthy controls, from 13 cohorts. The precision and accuracy of BBB-ASL will be evaluated in healthy participants. The clinical value of BBB-ASL will be evaluated by comparing results with both established and novel AD biomarkers. The DEBBIE-AD study aims to provide evidence of the ability of BBB-ASL to measure BBB permeability and demonstrate its utility in AD and AD-related pathologies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained for 10 cohorts, and is pending for 3 cohorts. The results of the main trial and each of the secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Padrela
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amnah Mahroo
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mervin Tee
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paulien Moyaert
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Oliver Geier
- Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joost P A Kuijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soetkin Beun
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Wibeke Nordhøy
- Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yufei David Zhu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mareike A Buck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Simon Konstandin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörn Huber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Julia Wiersinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roos Rikken
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Håkon Grydeland
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynette Tippett
- The University of Auckland School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin E Cawston
- The University of Auckland Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Bogazici University Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Linn
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Babylon, Iraq
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Babylon, Iraq
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Majon Muller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anders Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Pålhaugen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Patricia Clement
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eric Achten
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Udunna Anazodo
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Hilal
- National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Eickel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Catherine Morgan
- The University of Auckland School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Petr
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Günther
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Henk J M M Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Nijssen KM, Mensink RP, Plat J, Ivanov D, Preissl H, Joris PJ. Mixed nut consumption improves brain insulin sensitivity: a randomized, single-blinded, controlled, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:314-323. [PMID: 38128733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving brain insulin sensitivity, which can be assessed by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to intranasal insulin, may prevent age-related metabolic and cognitive diseases. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate longer-term effects of mixed nuts on brain insulin sensitivity in older individuals with overweight/obesity. METHODS In a randomized, single-blinded, controlled, crossover trial, 28 healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation: 65 ± 3 years; body mass index: 27.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) received either daily 60-g mixed nuts (15 g of walnuts, pistachio, cashew, and hazelnuts) or no nuts (control) for 16 weeks, separated by an 8-week washout period. Throughout the study, participants were instructed to adhere to the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. During follow-up, brain insulin action was assessed by quantifying acute effects of intranasal insulin on regional CBF using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test), intrahepatic lipids, and cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed. RESULTS Body weight and composition did not change. Compared with control, mixed nut consumption improved regional brain insulin action in 5 clusters located in the left (difference in CBF responses to intranasal insulin: -4.5 ± 4.7 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001; -4.6 ± 4.8 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001; and -4.3 ± 3.6 mL/100 g/min; P = 0.007) and right occipital lobes (-4.3 ± 5.6 mL/100 g/min; and -3.9 ± 4.9 mL/100 g/min; P = 0.028). A fifth cluster was part of the left frontal lobe (-5.0 ± 4.6 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001). Peripheral insulin sensitivity was not affected. Intrahepatic lipid content (-0.7%-point; 95% CI: -1.3%-point to -0.1%-point; P = 0.027), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (-0.24 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.04 mmol/L; P = 0.019), and systolic blood pressure (-5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -8 to -1 mm Hg; P = 0.006) were lower after the mixed nut intervention. CONCLUSIONS Longer-term mixed nut consumption affected insulin action in brain regions involved in the modulation of metabolic and cognitive processes in older adults with overweight/obesity. Intrahepatic lipid content and different cardiometabolic risk markers also improved, but peripheral insulin sensitivity was not affected. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04210869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mr Nijssen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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10
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Rajan RK, Kumar RP, Ramanathan M. Piceatannol improved cerebral blood flow and attenuated JNK3 and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in a global ischemic model to produce neuroprotection. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:479-496. [PMID: 37470802 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The only FDA-approved treatment is recanalization with systemic tissue plasminogen activators like alteplase, although reperfusion caused by recanalization can result in neuroinflammation, which can cause brain cell apoptosis. Therefore, after an ischemic/reperfusion injury, interventions are needed to minimize the neuroinflammatory cascade. In the present study, piceatannol (PCT) was studied for its neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of global ischemic injury by attenuating c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) downstream signaling. PCT is a resveratrol analog and a polyphenolic stilbenoid naturally occurring in passion fruit and grapes. The neuroprotective efficacy of PCT (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) in ischemic conditions was assessed through pre- and post-treatment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tests for functional recovery were assessed. Protein and gene expression were done for JNK3 and other inflammatory markers. A docking study was performed to identify the amino acid interaction. The results showed that PCT improved motor and memory function as measured by a functional recovery test believed to be due to an increase in cerebral blood flow. Also, the caspase signaling which promotes apoptosis was found to be down-regulated; however, nitric oxide synthase expression was up-regulated, which could explain the enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF). According to our findings, PCT impeded c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) signaling by suppressing phosphorylation and disrupting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which resulted in the neuroprotective effect. Molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the atomic-level interaction of JNK3 and PCT, which reveals that Met149, Leu206, and Lys93 amino acid residues are critical for the interaction of PCT and JNK3. According to our current research, JNK3 downstream signaling and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway are both inhibited by PCT, which results in neuroprotection under conditions of global brain ischemia. Piceatannol attenuated JNK3 phosphorylation during the ischemic condition and prevented neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Dekargaon, Tezpur, 784501, Assam, India.
| | - Ram Pravin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
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11
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Wang Q, Pan M, Zang Z, Li DDU. Quantification of blood flow index in diffuse correlation spectroscopy using a robust deep learning method. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:015004. [PMID: 38283935 PMCID: PMC10821781 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a powerful, noninvasive optical technique for measuring blood flow. Traditionally the blood flow index (BFi) is derived through nonlinear least-square fitting the measured intensity autocorrelation function (ACF). However, the fitting process is computationally intensive, susceptible to measurement noise, and easily influenced by optical properties (absorption coefficient μ a and reduced scattering coefficient μ s ' ) and scalp and skull thicknesses. Aim We aim to develop a data-driven method that enables rapid and robust analysis of multiple-scattered light's temporal ACFs. Moreover, the proposed method can be applied to a range of source-detector distances instead of being limited to a specific source-detector distance. Approach We present a deep learning architecture with one-dimensional convolution neural networks, called DCS neural network (DCS-NET), for BFi and coherent factor (β ) estimation. This DCS-NET was performed using simulated DCS data based on a three-layer brain model. We quantified the impact from physiologically relevant optical property variations, layer thicknesses, realistic noise levels, and multiple source-detector distances (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm) on BFi and β estimations among DCS-NET, semi-infinite, and three-layer fitting models. Results DCS-NET shows a much faster analysis speed, around 17,000-fold and 32-fold faster than the traditional three-layer and semi-infinite models, respectively. It offers higher intrinsic sensitivity to deep tissues compared with fitting methods. DCS-NET shows excellent anti-noise features and is less sensitive to variations of μ a and μ s ' at a source-detector separation of 30 mm. Also, we have demonstrated that relative BFi (rBFi) can be extracted by DCS-NET with a much lower error of 8.35%. By contrast, the semi-infinite and three-layer fitting models result in significant errors in rBFi of 43.76% and 19.66%, respectively. Conclusions DCS-NET can robustly quantify blood flow measurements at considerable source-detector distances, corresponding to much deeper biological tissues. It has excellent potential for hardware implementation, promising continuous real-time blood flow measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- University of Strathclyde, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mingliang Pan
- University of Strathclyde, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenya Zang
- University of Strathclyde, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Day-Uei Li
- University of Strathclyde, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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12
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Steiner L, Muri R, Wijesinghe D, Jann K, Maissen-Abgottspon S, Radojewski P, Pospieszny K, Kreis R, Kiefer C, Hochuli M, Trepp R, Everts R. Cerebral blood flow and white matter alterations in adults with phenylketonuria. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 41:103550. [PMID: 38091797 PMCID: PMC10716784 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria (PKU) represents a congenital metabolic defect that disrupts the process of converting phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine. Earlier investigations have revealed diminished cognitive performance and changes in brain structure and function (including the presence of white matter lesions) among individuals affected by PKU. However, there exists limited understanding regarding cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its potential associations with cognition, white matter lesions, and metabolic parameters in patients with PKU, which we therefore aimed to investigate in this study. METHOD Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI was performed to measure CBF in 30 adults with early-treated classical PKU (median age 35.5 years) and 59 healthy controls (median age 30.0 years). For all participants, brain Phe levels were measured with 1H spectroscopy, and white matter lesions were rated by two neuroradiologists on T2 weighted images. White matter integrity was examined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). For patients only, concurrent plasma Phe levels were assessed after an overnight fasting period. Furthermore, past Phe levels were collected to estimate historical metabolic control. On the day of the MRI, each participant underwent a cognitive assessment measuring IQ and performance in executive functions, attention, and processing speed. RESULTS No significant group difference was observed in global CBF between patients and controls (F (1, 87) = 3.81, p = 0.054). Investigating CBF on the level of cerebral arterial territories, reduced CBF was observed in the left middle and posterior cerebral artery (MCA and PCA), with the most prominent reduction of CBF in the anterior subdivision of the MCA (F (1, 87) = 6.15, p = 0.015, surviving FDR correction). White matter lesions in patients were associated with cerebral blood flow reduction in the affected structure. Particularly, patients with lesions in the occipital lobe showed significant CBF reductions in the left PCA (U = 352, p = 0.013, surviving FDR correction). Additionally, axial diffusivity measured with DTI was positively associated with CBF in the ACA and PCA (surviving FDR correction). Cerebral blood flow did not correlate with cognitive performance or metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION The relationship between cerebral blood flow and white matter indicates a complex interplay between vascular health and white matter alterations in patients with PKU. It highlights the importance of considering a multifactorial model when investigating the impact of PKU on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Steiner
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphaela Muri
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dilmini Wijesinghe
- Laboratory of Functional MRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Kay Jann
- Laboratory of Functional MRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Stephanie Maissen-Abgottspon
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Radojewski
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Pospieszny
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claus Kiefer
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel Hochuli
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roman Trepp
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regula Everts
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
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13
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Young HA, Geurts L, Scarmeas N, Benton D, Brennan L, Farrimond J, Kiliaan AJ, Pooler A, Trovò L, Sijben J, Vauzour D. Multi-nutrient interventions and cognitive ageing: are we barking up the right tree? Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:471-483. [PMID: 36156184 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242200018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As we continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying age-related brain diseases, the reductionist strategy in nutrition–brain function research has focused on establishing the impact of individual foods. However, the biological processes connecting diet and cognition are complex. Therefore, consideration of a combination of nutritional compounds may be most efficacious. One barrier to establishing the efficacy of multi-nutrient interventions is that the area lacks an established set of evidence-based guidelines for studying their effect on brain health. This review is an output of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe. A multi-disciplinary expert group was assembled with the aim of developing a set of considerations to guide research into the effects of multi-nutrient combinations on brain functions. Consensus recommendations converged on six key issues that should be considered to advance research in this area: (1) establish working mechanisms of the combination and contributions of each individual compound; (2) validate the relevance of the mechanisms for the targeted human condition; (3) include current nutrient status, intake or dietary pattern as inclusion/exclusion criteria in the study design; (4) select a participant population that is clinically and biologically appropriate for all nutritional components of the combination; (5) consider a range of cognitive outcomes; (6) consider the limits of reductionism and the ‘gold standard’ randomised controlled trial. These guiding principles will enhance our understanding of the interactive/complementary activities of dietary components, thereby strengthening the evidence base for recommendations aimed at delaying cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - David Benton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Pooler
- Formerly at Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland. Currently at Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura Trovò
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - John Sijben
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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14
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Bangen KJ, Calcetas AT, Thomas KR, Wierenga C, Smith CN, Bordyug M, Brenner EK, Wing D, Chen C, Liu TT, Zlatar ZZ. Greater accelerometer-measured physical activity is associated with better cognition and cerebrovascular health in older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:859-869. [PMID: 36789631 PMCID: PMC10425574 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) may help maintain brain structure and function in aging. Since the intensity of PA needed to effect cognition and cerebrovascular health remains unknown, we examined associations between PA and cognition, regional white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults. METHOD Forty-three older adults without cognitive impairment underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Waist-worn accelerometers objectively measured PA for approximately one week. RESULTS Higher time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was uniquely associated with better memory and executive functioning after adjusting for all light PA. Higher MVPA was also uniquely associated with lower frontal WMH volume although the finding was no longer significant after additionally adjusting for age and accelerometer wear time. MVPA was not associated with CBF. Higher time spent in all light PA was uniquely associated with higher CBF but not with cognitive performance or WMH volume. CONCLUSIONS Engaging in PA may be beneficial for cerebrovascular health, and MVPA in particular may help preserve memory and executive function in otherwise cognitively healthy older adults. There may be differential effects of engaging in lighter PA and MVPA on MRI markers of cerebrovascular health although this needs to be confirmed in future studies with larger samples. Future randomized controlled trials that increase PA are needed to elucidate cause-effect associations between PA and cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda T Calcetas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey R Thomas
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina Wierenga
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine N Smith
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria Bordyug
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Einat K Brenner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Wing
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Conan Chen
- Center for Functional MRI and Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas T Liu
- Center for Functional MRI and Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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15
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Ivanova MV, Pappas I, Inglis B, Pracar AL, Herron TJ, Baldo JV, Kayser AS, D’Esposito M, Dronkers NF. Cerebral perfusion in post-stroke aphasia and its relationship to residual language abilities. Brain Commun 2023; 6:fcad252. [PMID: 38162898 PMCID: PMC10757451 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke alters blood flow to the brain resulting in damaged tissue and cell death. Moreover, the disruption of cerebral blood flow (perfusion) can be observed in areas surrounding and distal to the lesion. These structurally preserved but suboptimally perfused regions may also affect recovery. Thus, to better understand aphasia recovery, the relationship between cerebral perfusion and language needs to be systematically examined. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate (i) how stroke affects perfusion outside of lesioned areas in chronic aphasia and (ii) how perfusion in specific cortical areas and perilesional tissue relates to language outcomes in aphasia. We analysed perfusion data from a large sample of participants with chronic aphasia due to left hemisphere stroke (n = 43) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 25). We used anatomically defined regions of interest that covered the frontal, parietal, and temporal areas of the perisylvian cortex in both hemispheres, areas typically known to support language, along with several control regions not implicated in language processing. For the aphasia group, we also looked at three regions of interest in the perilesional tissue. We compared perfusion levels between the two groups and investigated the relationship between perfusion levels and language subtest scores while controlling for demographic and lesion variables. First, we observed that perfusion levels outside the lesioned areas were significantly reduced in frontal and parietal regions in the left hemisphere in people with aphasia compared to the control group, while no differences were observed for the right hemisphere regions. Second, we found that perfusion in the left temporal lobe (and most strongly in the posterior part of both superior and middle temporal gyri) and inferior parietal areas (supramarginal gyrus) was significantly related to residual expressive and receptive language abilities. In contrast, perfusion in the frontal regions did not show such a relationship; no relationship with language was also observed for perfusion levels in control areas and all right hemisphere regions. Third, perilesional perfusion was only marginally related to language production abilities. Cumulatively, the current findings demonstrate that blood flow is reduced beyond the lesion site in chronic aphasia and that hypoperfused neural tissue in critical temporoparietal language areas has a negative impact on behavioural outcomes. These results, using perfusion imaging, underscore the critical and general role that left hemisphere posterior temporal regions play in various expressive and receptive language abilities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of exploring perfusion measures in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Ivanova
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexis L Pracar
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Timothy J Herron
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Juliana V Baldo
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Andrew S Kayser
- Division of Neurology, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Neurology Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Depertment of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
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Aframian K, Yousef Yengej D, Nwaobi S, Raman S, Faas GC, Charles A. Effects of chronic caffeine on patterns of brain blood flow and behavior throughout the sleep-wake cycle in freely behaving mice. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad303. [PMID: 37780231 PMCID: PMC10538474 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine has significant effects on neurovascular activity and behavior throughout the sleep-wake cycle. We used a minimally invasive microchip/video system to continuously record effects of caffeine in the drinking water of freely behaving mice. Chronic caffeine shifted both rest and active phases by up to 2 h relative to the light-dark cycle in a dose-dependent fashion. There was a particular delay in the onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as compared with non-REM sleep during the rest phase. Chronic caffeine increased wakefulness during the active phase and consolidated sleep during the rest phase; overall, there was no net change in the amount of time spent in the wake, sleep, or REM sleep states during caffeine administration. Despite these effects on wakefulness and sleep, chronic caffeine decreased mean cerebral blood volume (CBV) during the active phase and increased mean CBV during the rest phase. Chronic caffeine also increased heart rate variability in both the sleep and wake states. These results provide new insight into the effects of caffeine on the biology of the sleep-wake cycle. Increased blood flow during sleep caused by chronic caffeine may have implications for its potential neuroprotective effects through vascular mechanisms of brain waste clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Aframian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri Yousef Yengej
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sinifunanya Nwaobi
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shrayes Raman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido C Faas
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Charles
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Abe A, Morishima S, Ozeki M, Sato N. Hesperetin-7- O-glucoside/β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Induces Acute Vasodilator Effect to Inhibit the Cold Sensation Response during Localized Cold-Stimulate Stress in Healthy Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover, and Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3702. [PMID: 37686734 PMCID: PMC10489958 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, exerts vasodilation and is expected to improve endothelial function and alleviate cold sensation by activating nervous system thermal transduction pathways. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study, the purpose was to assess the effect of an orally administered highly bioavailable soluble inclusion complex of hesperetine-7-O-glucoside with β-cyclodextrin (HEPT7G/βCD; SunActive® HES/HCD) on cold sensation response during localized cold-stimulated stress in healthy humans. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) dose-dependent increase in skin cutaneous blood flow following relatively small doses of HEPT7G/βCD inclusion complex ingestion was confirmed, which led to a relatively effective recovery of peripheral skin temperature. The time delay of an increase in blood flow during rewarming varied significantly between low- and high-dose HEPT7G/βCD inclusion complex consumption (e.g., 150 mg and 300 mg contain 19.5 mg and 39 mg of HEPT7G, respectively). In conclusion, the substantial alteration in peripheral skin blood flow observed during local cooling stress compared to placebo suggested that deconjugated hesperetin metabolites may have a distinct capacity for thermoregulatory control of human skin blood flow to maintain a constant body temperature during cold stress exposure via cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P. Kapoor
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Mie, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Moriwaki
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Mie, Japan
| | - Aya Abe
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Mie, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Mie, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Mie, Japan
| | - Norio Sato
- Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 800 Yamada-Cho, Yokkaichi 510-1111, Mie, Japan
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18
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Wang X, Liisberg MB, Vonlehmden GL, Fu X, Cerretani C, Li L, Johnson LA, Vosch T, Richards CI. DNA-AgNC Loaded Liposomes for Measuring Cerebral Blood Flow Using Two-Photon Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:12862-12874. [PMID: 37341451 PMCID: PMC11065323 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the transport of drugs and nanocarriers in cerebrovascular networks is important for pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic studies but is challenging due to the complexity of sensing individual particles within the circulatory system of a live animal. Here, we demonstrate that a DNA-stabilized silver nanocluster (DNA-Ag16NC) that emits in the first near-infrared window upon two-photon excitation in the second NIR window can be used for multiphoton in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for the measurement of cerebral blood flow rates in live mice with high spatial and temporal resolution. To ensure bright and stable emission during in vivo experiments, we loaded DNA-Ag16NCs into liposomes, which served the dual purposes of concentrating the fluorescent label and protecting it from degradation. DNA-Ag16NC-loaded liposomes enabled the quantification of cerebral blood flow velocities within individual vessels of a living mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Mikkel B. Liisberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgia L. Vonlehmden
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xu Fu
- Light Microscopy Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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AO YAWEN, LI YUSHUANG, ZHAO YILIN, ZHANG LIANG, YANG RENJIE, ZHA YUNFEI. Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1208-1217. [PMID: 36878015 PMCID: PMC10241426 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies have implicated the involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise. METHODS A 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMR) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched with age, sex, and education. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were assessed in all participants. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the two groups and ascertained correlation between the significant subfield metrics and the significant behavioral measure in AMR group. RESULTS The AMR had significantly better sleep than HC, manifested as with lower score of PSQI. Sleep duration in AMR and HC was not significantly different from each other. In the AMR group, the left and right hippocampus, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA4, granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, molecular layer, left CA2-3, and left hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area volumes were significantly larger compared with those in the HC group. In AMR group, the correlations between the PSQI and the hippocampal subfield volumes were not significant. No correlations were found between hippocampal subfield volumes and sleep duration in AMR group. CONCLUSIONS We reported larger volumes of specific hippocampal subfields in AMR, which may provide a hippocampal volumetric reserve that protects against age-related hippocampal deterioration. These findings should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
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20
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Nijssen KMR, Mensink RP, Plat J, Joris PJ. Longer-term mixed nut consumption improves brain vascular function and memory: A randomized, controlled crossover trial in older adults. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1067-1075. [PMID: 37296019 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut consumption may reduce age-related cognitive decline, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate in older adults longer-term effects of mixed nut consumption on brain vascular function, which may underlie improvements in cognitive performance. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy individuals (age [mean ± SD]: 65 ± 3 years; BMI: 27.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were included in a randomized, single-blinded, cross-over trial with a 16-week intervention (60 g/d mixed nuts: walnuts, pistachio, cashew, and hazelnuts) and control period (no nuts), separated by 8 weeks of washout. Participants followed the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. At the end of each period, cerebral blood flow (CBF), a marker of brain vascular function, was quantified using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Effects on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and the retinal microvasculature were also assessed. Cognitive performance was measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS Body weight remained stable during the study. As compared to the control period, the mixed nut intervention resulted in a higher regional CBF in the right frontal and parietal lobes (treatment effect: 5.0 ± 6.5 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001), left frontal lobe (5.4 ± 7.1 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001), and bilateral prefrontal cortex (5.6 ± 6.6 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001). Carotid artery reactivity (0.7 PP; 95%CI: 0.2 to 1.2; P = 0.007), brachial flow-mediated vasodilation (1.6 PP; 95%CI: 1.0 to 2.2; P < 0.001) and retinal arteriolar calibers were higher (2 μm; 95%CI: 0 to 3; P = 0.037), and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity lower (-0.6 m/s; 95%CI: -1.1 to -0.1; P = 0.032). Further, visuospatial memory (-4 errors [16%]; 95%CI: -8 to 0; P = 0.045) and verbal memory (+1 correct [16%]; 0 to 2; P = 0.035) improved, but executive function and psychomotor speed did not change. CONCLUSIONS Longer-term mixed nut consumption as part of a healthy diet beneficially affected brain vascular function, which may relate to the observed beneficial effects on memory in older adults. Moreover, different characteristics of the peripheral vascular tree also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M R Nijssen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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21
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Ivanova MV, Pappas I. Understanding recovery of language after stroke: insights from neurovascular MRI studies. FRONTIERS IN LANGUAGE SCIENCES 2023; 2:1163547. [PMID: 38162928 PMCID: PMC10757818 DOI: 10.3389/flang.2023.1163547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Stroke causes a disruption in blood flow to the brain that can lead to profound language impairments. Understanding the mechanisms of language recovery after stroke is crucial for the prognosis and effective rehabilitation of people with aphasia. While the role of injured brain structures and disruptions in functional connectivity have been extensively explored, the relationship between neurovascular measures and language recovery in both early and later stages has not received sufficient attention in the field. Fully functioning healthy brain tissue requires oxygen and nutrients to be delivered promptly via its blood supply. Persistent decreases in blood flow after a stroke to the remaining non-lesioned tissue have been shown to contribute to poor language recovery. The goal of the current paper is to critically examine stroke studies looking at the relationship between different neurovascular measures and language deficits and mechanisms of language recovery via changes in neurovascular metrics. Measures of perfusion or cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) provide complementary approaches to understanding neurovascular mechanisms post stroke by capturing both cerebral metabolic demands and mechanical vascular properties. While CBF measures indicate the amount of blood delivered to a certain region and serve as a proxy for metabolic demands of that area, CVR indices reflect the ability of the vasculature to recruit blood flow in response to a shortage of oxygen, such as when one is holding their breath. Increases in CBF during recovery beyond the site of the lesion have been shown to promote language gains. Similarly, CVR changes, when collateral vessels are recruited to help reorganize the flow of blood in hypoperfused regions, have been related to functional recovery post stroke. In the current review, we highlight the main findings in the literature investigating neurovascular changes in stroke recovery with a particular emphasis on how language abilities can be affected by changes in CBF and CVR. We conclude by summarizing existing methodological challenges and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future work in this area, outlining a promising avenue of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Ivanova
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Camargo A, Wang Z. Hypo- and hyper-perfusion in MCI and AD identified by different ASL MRI sequences. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:306-319. [PMID: 36973476 PMCID: PMC10198885 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI has been increasingly used in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research. However, ASL MRI sequences differ greatly in terms of arterial blood signal preparations and data acquisition strategies, both leading to a large difference of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is of great translational importance to compare the several widely used ASL MRI sequences regarding sensitivity of ASL measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) for detecting the between-group difference across the AD continuum. To this end, this study compared three ASL MRI sequences in AD research, including the 2D Pulsed ASL (PASL), 3D Background Suppressed (BS) PASL, and 3D BS Pseudo-Continuous ASL (PCASL). We used data from 100 healthy and cognitively normal elderly control (NC) subjects, 75 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 57 Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects from the AD neuroimaging initiative (ADNI). Both cross-sectional perfusion difference and perfusion versus clinical assessment correlations were examined. The major findings included: 3D PCASL sequence identified stronger patient versus control CBF/rCBF differences than 2D PASL and 3D PASL; MCI showed reduced CBF and CBF redistribution; CBF in orbito-frontal cortex presents a new U-shape change pattern from normal aging to MCI and to AD; 3D PCASL identified a negative rCBF to memory correlation while 2D PASL showed a positive correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Camargo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III Room 1173, 670 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III Room 1173, 670 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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23
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Sanders AM, Richard G, Kolskår K, Ulrichsen KM, Alnaes D, Beck D, Dørum ES, Engvig A, Lund MJ, Nordhøy W, Pedersen ML, Rokicki J, Nordvik JE, Westlye LT. Associations between everyday activities and arterial spin labeling-derived cerebral blood flow: A longitudinal study in community-dwelling elderly volunteers. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3377-3393. [PMID: 36947581 PMCID: PMC10171542 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for brain metabolism and function. Age-related changes in CBF are associated with increased risk of neurocognitive disorders and vascular events such as stroke. Identifying correlates and positive modifiers of age-related changes in CBF before the emergence of incipient clinical decline may inform public health advice and clinical practice. Former research has been inconclusive regarding the association between regular physical activity and CBF, and there is a lack of studies on the association between level of everyday activities and CBF, in older adults. To investigate these relationships, 118 healthy community-dwelling adults (65-89 years) underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, neurocognitive, physical, and activity assessments at baseline. Eighty-six participants completed a follow-up ASL MRI, on average 506 (SD = 113) days after the baseline scan. Cross-sectional analysis revealed credible evidence for positive associations between time spent on low intensity physical activity and CBF in multiple cortical and subcortical regions, time spent on moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity and accumbens CBF, participation in social activity and CBF in multiple cortical regions, and between reading and thalamic CBF, indicating higher regional CBF in more active adults. Longitudinal analysis revealed anecdotal evidence for an interaction between time and baseline level of gardening on occipital and parietal CBF, and baseline reading on pallidum CBF, indicating more change in CBF in adults with lower level of activity. The findings support that malleable lifestyle factors contribute to healthy brain aging, with relevance for public health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Dag Alnaes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dani Beck
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend S Dørum
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Andreas Engvig
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martina Jonette Lund
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wibeke Nordhøy
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Div. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads L Pedersen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Egil Nordvik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lee S, Harada K, Bae S, Harada K, Makino K, Anan Y, Suzuki T, Shimada H. A non-pharmacological multidomain intervention of dual-task exercise and social activity affects the cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate cognitive decline: A randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1005410. [PMID: 36993908 PMCID: PMC10040752 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1005410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the impact of a 10-month multidomain program using dual-task exercise and social activity conducted at a community-based facility on improved cognitive function in older adults with mild to moderate cognitive decline. The participants included 280 community-dwelling older adults (age 71–91 years) with mild to moderate cognitive decline. The intervention group exercised for 90 min/day, once a week. Their routine included aerobic exercise and dual-task training which cognitive tasks were performed in combination with exercise. The control group attended health education classes thrice. Before and after the intervention, we measured their cognitive function, physical function, daily conversation, and physical activity. The mean adherence rate of the intervention class was 83.0%. According to a repeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance in an intent-to-treat analysis, logical memory and 6-min walking distance demonstrated a significant time and group interaction effect. Regarding daily physical activities, we observed significant differences in the daily step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the intervention group. Our non-pharmacological multidomain intervention resulted in a modest improvement in the cognitive or physical function and building health behavior. It may be a helpful program with a potential role in preventing dementia.Clinical Trial Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov Identifier ID: UMIN000013097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sangyoon Lee,
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Seongryu Bae
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Health Care and Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Anan
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Kwassui Women’s University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Institute for Aging and Development, J. F. Oberlin University, Machida, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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25
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Downs TL, Whiteside EJ, Foot G, Mills DE, Bliss ES. Differences in total cognition and cerebrovascular function in female breast cancer survivors and cancer-free women. Breast 2023; 69:358-365. [PMID: 37018967 PMCID: PMC10122006 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced cognition is often reported by breast cancer patients and survivors, but the mechanisms for this decline are yet to be determined. We compared the differences in cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors (n = 15) and cancer-free women (n = 15) matched by age and body mass index. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to physiological (hypercapnia; 5% carbon dioxide) and psychological stimuli. Breast cancer survivors had a lower CVR to hypercapnia (21.5 ± 12.8 vs 66.0 ± 20.9%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (15.1 ± 1.5 vs 23.7 ± 9.0%, P < 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (100 ± 12 vs. 113 ± 7, P = 0.003) than cancer-free women. These parameters remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates using an analysis of co-variance. We observed significant correlations between multiple measures and exercise capacity the only variable positively correlated to all primary measures (CVR to hypercapnia, r = 0.492, P = 0.007; CVR to cognitive stimuli r = 0.555, P = 0.003; and total composite cognitive score, r = 0.625, P < 0.001). In this study, breast cancer survivors had lower cerebrovascular and cognitive function than age-matched cancer-free women, which may be attributable to the effects of cancer and cancer treatment on brain health.
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26
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The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1323-1342. [PMID: 36801969 PMCID: PMC9938957 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between 13 aerobic exercise trained, older adults and 13 age-, height- and sex-matched sedentary, untrained controls. We determined whether other measures accounted for differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between these groups and examined the associations between these functions. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements, and a blood collection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography determined cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimuli. The trained group had a higher CVR to hypercapnia (80.3 ± 7.2 vs 35.1 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (30.1 ± 2.9 vs 17.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (117 ± 2 vs 98 ± 4, P < 0.001) than the controls. These parameters no longer remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates. There were positive correlations between the total composite cognitive score and CVR to hypercapnia (r = 0.474, P = 0.014) and CVR to cognitive stimuli (r = 0.685, P < 0.001). We observed a relationship between cerebrovascular and cognitive function in older adults and an interaction between regular lifelong aerobic exercise training and cardiometabolic factors that may directly influence these functions.
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Effects of Physical Exercise Training on Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:47-59. [PMID: 36170974 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise training on cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is a physiological marker of cerebrovascular function. Relationships between training-induced effects on CBF with changes in cognitive performance were also discussed. A systematic search was performed up to July 2022. Forty-five intervention studies with experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre-post designs were included. Sixteen studies (median duration: 14 weeks) investigated effects of physical exercise training on CBF markers using magnetic resonance imaging, 20 studies (median duration: 14 weeks) used transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and eight studies (median duration: 8 weeks) used near-infrared spectroscopy. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging observed consistent increases in CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, but not in whole-brain CBF. Effects on resting CBF-measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy-were variable, while middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity increased in some studies following exercise or hypercapnic stimuli. Interestingly, concomitant changes in physical fitness and regional CBF were observed, while a relation between training-induced effects on CBF and cognitive performance was evident. In conclusion, exercise training improved cerebrovascular function because regional CBF was changed. Studies are however still needed to establish whether exercise-induced improvements in CBF are sustained over longer periods of time and underlie the observed beneficial effects on cognitive performance.
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Mio M, Grigorian A, Zou Y, Dimick MK, Selkirk B, Kertes P, McCrindle BW, Swardfager W, Hahn MK, Black SE, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Neurovascular correlates of retinal microvascular caliber in adolescent bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:81-90. [PMID: 36162693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The connection between vascular and brain metrics is well-studied in older adults, but neglected in youth and in psychiatric populations at increased cardiovascular risk. We therefore examined the association of retinal vascular caliber with cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adolescents with and without bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Ninety-four adolescents (n = 48 BD, n = 46 controls) completed retinal fundus imaging, yielding estimates of arteriolar and venular diameter. Arterial spin labelling MRI was performed to measure CBF. We tested for associations between retinal vascular caliber and CBF in regions of interest; anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), middle frontal gyrus, and hippocampus in BD and controls separately. Complementary voxel-wise analyses were also performed. RESULTS In the BD group, higher arteriovenous ratio (AVR) was associated with greater ACC CBF (β = 0.34, puncorrected = 0.02), after controlling for age, sex, and BMI, however this finding did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. The control group did not show any associations (β = 0.13, puncorrected = 0.40). Voxel-wise analyses within the BD group detected a significant positive association between AVR and regional CBF in two distinct clusters: i) left hippocampus (p < 0.0001); ii) right middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.04). LIMITATIONS Limited sample size; young, medically healthy sample limits signal detection; cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION This study reveals that higher AVR is associated with higher regional CBF in adolescents with BD. Present findings advance understanding of potential neurofunctional mechanisms linking retinal vascular caliber with psychiatric diagnoses. This proof-of-concept study was designed to generate initial insights to guide future studies focusing on the vascular-brain connection in youth and in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mio
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Anahit Grigorian
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yi Zou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Beth Selkirk
- John and Liz Tory Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Peter Kertes
- John and Liz Tory Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada; University of Toronto, Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Schizophrenia Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang JN, Xiang LS, Shi Y, Xie F, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Normal pace walking is beneficial to young participants’ executive abilities. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:195. [DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exercise can improve cognitive function. The impact of acute exercise on cognition is related to exercise intensity. This study aimed to explore whether normal walking had a beneficial effect on cognition.
Methods
Compared with standing still, thirty healthy young men walked on a treadmill at a normal pace, and completed the Stroop test. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the hemodynamic changes of the prefrontal cortex during the entire experiment.
Results
Studies showed that normal walking did not stimulate higher average cerebral oxygen in the PFC, but the peak cerebral oxygen in cognitive tests during walking was higher (Stroop Word: 2.56 ± 0.43 and 3.80 ± 0.50, P < 0.01, Stroop Color: 2.50 ± 0.37 and 3.66 ± 0.59, P < 0.05, Stroop Color-Word: 4.13 ± 0.55 and 5.25 ± 0.66, P < 0.01, respectively), and better results were achieved in the Stroop Color-Word test, which was reflected in faster reaction times (49.18 ± 1.68 s, 56.92 ± 2.29 s, respectively, P < 0.001) and higher accuracies (46.19 ± 0.69, 44.15 ± 0.91, respectively, P = 0.018).
Conclusion
For healthy young people, even a normal walk is therefore good for cognition.
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Toman E, Hodgson S, Riley M, Welbury R, Di Pietro V, Belli A. Concussion in the UK: a contemporary narrative review. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2022; 7:e000929. [PMID: 36274785 PMCID: PMC9582316 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussion has been receiving an increasing amount of media exposure following several high-profile professional sports controversies and multimillion-dollar lawsuits. The potential life-changing sequalae of concussion and the rare, but devasting, second impact syndrome have also gained much attention. Despite this, our knowledge of the pathological processes involved is limited and often extrapolated from research into more severe brain injuries. As there is no objective diagnostic test for concussion. Relying on history and examination only, the diagnosis of concussion has become the rate-limiting step in widening research into the disease. Clinical study protocols therefore frequently exclude the most vulnerable groups of patients such as those with existing cognitive impairment, concurrent intoxication, mental health issues or learning difficulties. This up-to-date narrative review aims to summarize our current concussion knowledge and provides an insight into promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Toman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sam Hodgson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Max Riley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Welbury
- School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonio Belli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Wu J, Zhu L, Dong X, Sun Z, Cai K, Shi Y, Chen A. Relationship between Physical Activity and Emotional Regulation Strategies in Early Adulthood: Mediating Effects of Cortical Thickness. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091210. [PMID: 36138946 PMCID: PMC9496840 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and emotional regulation strategies among college students to establish the mediating role of cortical thickness. A total of 60 university students (18−20 years old) were enrolled in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-L) was used to estimate PA levels. Based on the International Physical Activity Working Group standards, PA levels were divided into low, medium, and high PA groups; emotional regulation strategies were determined by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), including the Cognitive Reappraisal Scale (CR) and the Expressive Suppression Scale (ES). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure cortical thickness. Differences in use of the ES strategy among high, medium, and low PA groups were not marked. However, compared to the low PA group, the CR strategy was frequently used in the high PA group, with a thicker right hemisphere rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rrACC). PA levels were positively correlated with thickness of the rrACC cortex (r = 0.398, p = 0.002 < 0.05) and CR strategy (r = 0.398, p = 0.002 < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the ES strategy (r = −0.348, p = 0.007 < 0.05). The rrACC cortical thickness played a partial mediating role in the relationship between PA and CR strategy, accounting for 33.1% of total effect values. These findings indicate that although the negative correlation between PA and ES was not significant, the positive correlation between PA with CR was significant, and rrACC thickness played a partial mediating role in the relationship between PA and CR, providing new evidence toward comprehensively revealing the relationship between PA, rrACC cortical thickness, and emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Kelong Cai
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1395-272-5968
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Acute inorganic nitrate intake increases regional insulin action in the brain: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over trial with abdominally obese men. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103115. [PMID: 35843050 PMCID: PMC9421446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Improving brain insulin sensitivity may be a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cognitive diseases. Our aim was to investigate acute effects of inorganic nitrate on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to intranasal insulin in abdominally obese men. METHODS Eighteen apparently healthy men, aged 18-60 years and with a waist circumference ≥ 102 cm, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. The study consisted of two test days separated by at least one week. Men received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol (i.e., 625 mg nitrate) potassium nitrate or an isomolar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Brain insulin action was assessed 120-150 min after the drinks by quantifying acute effects of nasal insulin on regional CBF using arterial spin labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at regular intervals, while blood pressure was determined fasted and at 240 min. RESULTS Inorganic nitrate intake increased regional insulin action in five brain clusters. The two largest clusters were located in the right temporal lobe (ΔCBF: 7.0 ± 3.8 mL/100 g/min, volume: 5296 mm3, P < 0.001; and ΔCBF: 6.5 ± 4.3 mL/100 g/min, volume: 3592 mm3, P < 0.001), while two other cortical clusters were part of the right frontal (ΔCBF: 9.0 ± 6.0 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1096 mm3, P = 0.007) and the left parietal lobe (ΔCBF: 6.1 ± 4.3 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1024 mm3, P = 0.012). One subcortical cluster was located in the striatum (ΔCBF: 5.9 ± 3.2 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1792 mm3, P < 0.001). No effects of nitrate were observed on CBF before administration. Following nitrate intake, circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentrations increased over time (P = 0.003), but insulin and glucose concentrations and blood pressure did not change. CONCLUSION Acute inorganic nitrate intake may improve regional brain insulin action in abdominally obese men. These regions are involved in the regulation of different metabolic and cognitive processes. The trial was registered on January 6th, 2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04700241.
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Hafdi M, Mutsaerts HJMM, Petr J, Richard E, van Dalen JW. Atherosclerotic risk is associated with cerebral perfusion - A cross-sectional study using arterial spin labeling MRI. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103142. [PMID: 35970112 PMCID: PMC9400119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a promising technique to evaluate the presence of cerebral atherosclerosis. We tested whether the new and easily calculated ASL MRI parameter for vascular and tissue signal distribution - 'spatial coefficient of variation' (ASL-sCoV) - is a better radiological marker for atherosclerotic risk than the more conventional markers of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and cerebral blood flow (ASL-CBF). METHODS Participants of the preDIVA trial (n = 195), aged 72-80 years with systolic hypertension (>140 mmHg) underwent two MRI scans two to three years apart. WMH volume was derived from 3D FLAIR-MRI; gray matter ASL-CBF and ASL-sCoV from ASL-MRI. Atherosclerotic risk was operationalized as 10-year cardiovascular risk by the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation Older Persons (SCORE O.P) and calculated at baseline and follow-up. Data were analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS ASL-CBF was associated with atherosclerotic risk scores at baseline (standardized-beta = -0.26, 95 %CI = -0.40 to -0.13, p < 0.001) but not at follow-up (standardized-beta = -0.14, 95 %CI = -0.33 to 0.04, p = 0.12). ASL-sCoV was associated with atherosclerotic risk scores at both time points (baseline standardized-beta = 0.23, 95 %CI = 0.10 to 0.36, p < 0.0001, follow-up standardized beta = 0.20, 95 %CI = 0.03 to 0.36, p = 0.02). WMH volume was not associated with atherosclerotic risk scores at either time-point. There were no longitudinal associations between changes in MRI parameters and baseline atherosclerotic risk scores. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ASL-sCoV correlates better with atherosclerotic risk than the more conventional markers ASL-CBF and WMH volume. Our data reaffirm that non-invasive imaging with MRI is highly informative and could provide additional information about cerebrovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hafdi
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Neurology Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk JMM Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Petr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van Dalen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Duncan AR, Bell SB, Hellman CM. Intersections of perceived stress, burnout, dispositional hope, intellectual humility, locus of control, and lifestyle factors in undergraduate medical education. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Incremental Doses of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Do Not Modify Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow in Overweight and Obese Older Adults: A 13-Week Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051052. [PMID: 35268027 PMCID: PMC8912345 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate-rich food increases nitric oxide (NO) production and may have beneficial effects on vascular, metabolic, and brain function. This pilot study tested the effects of prolonged consumption of a range of doses of dietary nitrate (NO3-), provided as beetroot juice, on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in overweight and obese older participants. The study had a 13-week single-blind, randomised, parallel design, and 62 overweight and obese older participants (aged 60 to 75 years) received the following interventions: (1) high NO3- (2 × 70 mL beetroot juice/day) (2) medium NO3- (70 mL beetroot juice/day), (3) low NO3- (70 mL beetroot juice on alternate days), or (4) placebo (70 mL of NO3--depleted beetroot juice on alternate days). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) assessment battery. CBF, monitored by concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin, was assessed in the frontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy. The findings of this pilot study showed that cognitive function and CBF were not affected by supplementation with NO3--rich beetroot juice for 13 weeks, irrespective of the NO3- dose administered. These findings require confirmation in larger studies using more sophisticated imaging methods (i.e., MRI) to determine whether prolonged dietary NO3- supplementation influences brain function in older overweight people.
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Investigating the association between depression and cerebral haemodynamics-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:144-158. [PMID: 34800572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular mechanisms may play a role in depression. The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence on alterations in cerebral haemodynamics in depression. METHODS MEDLINE (1946- present), Embase (1947-present), Web of Science (1970-present), PsycINFO (1984-present), CINAHL (1976-present) and CENTRAL were searched using a predefined search strategy. A meta-analysis was conducted in four groups: 1) global cerebral blood flow (CBF) in ml/min/100 g, 2) CBF velocity (CBFv) in cm/s (maximum flow of left middle cerebral artery, 3) combined CBF and CBFv, 4) Ratio of uptake of Tc 99 m HMPAO (region of interest compared to whole brain). Data are presented as mean difference or standardised mean difference and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A narrative synthesis of the remaining studies was performed. RESULTS 87 studies were included. CBF was significantly reduced in depressed patients compared to HC [15 studies, 538 patients, 416 HC, MD: -2.24 (95% CI -4.12, -0.36), p = 0.02, I2 = 64%]. There were no statistically significant differences in other parameters. The narrative synthesis revealed variable changes in CBF in depressed patients, particularly affecting the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices. LIMITATIONS There were various sources of heterogeneity including the severity of depression, use of antidepressant medication, imaging modality used and reporting of outcomes. All of these factors made direct comparisons between studies difficult. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in CBF in depressed patients compared to HCs may indicate a role for assessment and CBF altering interventions in high-risk groups. However, results were inconsistent across studies, warranting further work to investigate specific subgroups.
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Kimble R, Keane KM, Lodge JK, Cheung W, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Howatson G. Polyphenol-rich tart cherries ( Prunus Cerasus, cv Montmorency) improve sustained attention, feelings of alertness and mental fatigue and influence the plasma metabolome in middle-aged adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-12. [PMID: 35109960 PMCID: PMC9723490 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tart Montmorency cherries (MC) are a particularly rich source of anthocyanins and other polyphenols that have been shown to elicit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasomodulatory actions. The current study aimed to determine the influence of chronic MC supplementation on cognitive function and mood. In a 3-month double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study, middle-aged adults (mean ± sd: 48 ± 6 years) were randomly assigned to either 30 ml twice daily of MC (n 25) or the same amount of an isoenergetic placebo (n 25). Cognitive function and mood were assessed before and after supplementation using a computerised cognitive task battery and visual analogue scales. Cerebral blood flow was also monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy during the task battery, and questionnaires were administered to determine subjective sleep and health status and plasma metabolomics were analysed before and after supplementation. After 3 months, the MC resulted in higher accuracy in digit vigilance (mean difference: 3·3, 95 % CI: 0·2, 6·4 %) with lower number of false alarms (mean difference: -1·2, 95 % CI: -2·0, -0·4) compared with the placebo. There was also a treatment effect for higher alertness (mean difference: 5·9, 95 % CI: 1·3, 10·5 %) and lower mental fatigue ratings (mean difference -9·5, 95 % CI: -16·5, -2·5 %) with MC. Plasma metabolomics revealed an increase in a number of amino acids in response to MC intake, but not placebo. These data suggest an anti-fatiguing effect of MC supplementation as well as the ability to improve sustained attention during times of high cognitive demand, this could be related to changes in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen M. Keane
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - John K. Lodge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - William Cheung
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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István L, Czakó C, Benyó F, Élő Á, Mihály Z, Sótonyi P, Varga A, Nagy ZZ, Kovács I. The effect of systemic factors on retinal blood flow in patients with carotid stenosis: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. GeroScience 2022; 44:389-401. [PMID: 34837589 PMCID: PMC8810958 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is among the leading causes of mortality and permanent disabilities in the Western world. CAS is a consequence of systemic atherosclerotic disease affecting the majority of the aging population. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel imaging technique for visualizing retinal blood flow. It is a noninvasive, fast method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the microcirculation. Cerebral and retinal circulation share similar anatomy, physiology, and embryology; thus, retinal microvasculature provides a unique opportunity to study the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease in vivo. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of systemic risk factors on retinal blood flow in the eyes of patients with significant carotid artery stenosis using OCT angiography. A total of 112 eyes of 56 patients with significant carotid stenosis were included in the study. We found that several systemic factors, such as decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hypertension, and carotid occlusion have a significant negative effect on retinal blood flow, while statin use and carotid surgery substantially improve ocular microcirculation. Neither diabetes, clopidogrel or acetylsalicylic acid use, BMI, serum lipid level, nor thrombocyte count showed a significant effect on ocular blood flow. Our results demonstrate that a systematic connection does exist between certain systemic risk factors and retinal blood flow in this patient population. OCTA could help in the assessment of cerebral circulation of patients with CAS due to its ability to detect subtle changes in retinal microcirculation that is considered to represent changes in intracranial blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla István
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 39 Mária Street, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cecilia Czakó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 39 Mária Street, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Benyó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 39 Mária Street, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Élő
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 39 Mária Street, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Mihály
- Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Varga
- Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 39 Mária Street, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Illés Kovács
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 39 Mária Street, 1085, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wu N, Cheng CJ, Zhong JJ, He JC, Zhang ZS, Wang ZG, Sun XC, Liu H. Essential role of MALAT1 in reducing traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1776-1784. [PMID: 35017438 PMCID: PMC8820691 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly evolutionary conserved long non-coding RNA, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was first demonstrated to be related to lung tumor metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. To investigate the role of MALAT1 in traumatic brain injury, we established mouse models of controlled cortical impact and cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation to mimic traumatic brain injury in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that MALAT1 silencing in vitro inhibited endothelial cell viability and tube formation but increased migration. In MALAT1-deficient mice, endothelial cell proliferation in the injured cortex, functional vessel density and cerebral blood flow were reduced. Bioinformatic analyses and RNA pull-down assays validated enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a downstream factor of MALAT1 in endothelial cells. Jagged-1, the Notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1) agonist, reversed the MALAT1 deficiency-mediated impairment of angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that MALAT1 controls the key processes of angiogenesis following traumatic brain injury in an EZH2/NOTCH1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Chi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Pardridge WM. Kinetics of Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the Insulin Receptor and the Transferrin Receptor. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:3. [PMID: 35056060 PMCID: PMC8778919 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic drugs are large molecule pharmaceuticals that do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the brain capillary endothelium. Biologics can be re-engineered for BBB transport as IgG fusion proteins, where the IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that targets an endogenous BBB transporter, such as the insulin receptor (IR) or transferrin receptor (TfR). The IR and TfR at the BBB transport the receptor-specific MAb in parallel with the transport of the endogenous ligand, insulin or transferrin. The kinetics of BBB transport of insulin or transferrin, or an IRMAb or TfRMAb, can be quantified with separate mathematical models. Mathematical models to estimate the half-time of receptor endocytosis, MAb or ligand exocytosis into brain extracellular space, or receptor recycling back to the endothelial luminal membrane were fit to the brain uptake of a TfRMAb or a IRMAb fusion protein in the Rhesus monkey. Model fits to the data also allow for estimates of the rates of association of the MAb in plasma with the IR or TfR that is embedded within the endothelial luminal membrane in vivo. The parameters generated from the model fits can be used to estimate the brain concentration profile of the MAb over time, and this brain exposure is shown to be a function of the rate of clearance of the antibody fusion protein from the plasma compartment.
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Storz MA. Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:352-363. [PMID: 34506003 PMCID: PMC8429479 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic has caused mortality and morbidity at an unprecedented global scale. Many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 continue to experience symptoms after the acute phase of infection and report fatigue, sleep difficulties, anxiety, and depression as well as arthralgia and muscle weakness. Summarized under the umbrella term "long-COVID," these symptoms may last weeks to months and impose a substantial burden on affected individuals. Dietary approaches to tackle these complications have received comparably little attention. Although plant-based diets in particular were shown to exert benefits on underlying conditions linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes, their role with regard to COVID-19 sequelae is yet largely unknown. Thus, this review sought to investigate whether a plant-based diet could reduce the burden of long-COVID. RECENT FINDINGS The number of clinical trials investigating the role of plant-based nutrition in COVID-19 prevention and management is currently limited. Yet, there is evidence from pre-pandemic observational and clinical studies that a plant-based diet may be of general benefit with regard to several clinical conditions that can also be found in individuals with COVID-19. These include anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and musculoskeletal pain. Adoption of a plant-based diet leads to a reduced intake in pro-inflammatory mediators and could be one accessible strategy to tackle long-COVID associated prolonged systemic inflammation. Plant-based diets may be of general benefit with regard to some of the most commonly found COVID-19 sequelae. Additional trials investigating which plant-based eating patterns confer the greatest benefit in the battle against long-COVID are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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Gutierrez L, Folch A, Rojas M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Folch J, Camins A, Ruiz A, Papandreou C, Bulló M. Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113728. [PMID: 34835984 PMCID: PMC8621754 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment are being investigated. However, evidence from dietary interventions is mainly from food and nutrient supplement interventions, with inconsistent results and high heterogeneity between trials. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in MEDLINE-PubMed, from January 2018 to July 2021, investigating the impact of dietary counseling, as well as food-based and dietary supplement interventions on cognitive function in adults with or without cognitive impairment. Based on the search strategy, 197 eligible publications were used for data abstraction. Finally, 61 articles were included in the analysis. There was reasonable evidence that dietary patterns, as well as food and dietary supplements improved cognitive domains or measures of brain integrity. The Mediterranean diet showed promising results, whereas the role of the DASH diet was not clear. Healthy food consumption improved cognitive function, although the quality of these studies was relatively low. The role of dietary supplements was mixed, with strong evidence of the benefits of polyphenols and combinations of nutrients, but with low evidence for PUFAs, vitamin D, specific protein, amino acids, and other types of supplements. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to guide the development of dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gutierrez
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Alexandre Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Melina Rojas
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - José Luis Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Jaume Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoni Camins
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-775-9388
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The α-dystrobrevins play a key role in maintaining the structure and function of the extracellular matrix-significance for protein elimination failure arteriopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:171. [PMID: 34674769 PMCID: PMC8532274 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cerebral vasculature provides a pathway for the flow of interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes out of the brain by intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD). Failure of IPAD leads to protein elimination failure arteriopathies such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The ECM consists of a complex network of glycoproteins and proteoglycans that form distinct basement membranes (BM) around different vascular cell types. Astrocyte endfeet that are localised against the walls of blood vessels are tethered to these BMs by dystrophin associated protein complex (DPC). Alpha-dystrobrevin (α-DB) is a key dystrophin associated protein within perivascular astrocyte endfeet; its deficiency leads to a reduction in other dystrophin associated proteins, loss of AQP4 and altered ECM. In human dementia cohorts there is a positive correlation between dystrobrevin gene expression and CAA. In the present study, we test the hypotheses that (a) the positive correlation between dystrobrevin gene expression and CAA is associated with elevated expression of α-DB at glial-vascular endfeet and (b) a deficiency in α-DB results in changes to the ECM and failure of IPAD. We used human post-mortem brain tissue with different severities of CAA and transgenic α-DB deficient mice. In human post-mortem tissue we observed a significant increase in vascular α-DB with CAA (CAA vrs. Old p < 0.005, CAA vrs. Young p < 0.005). In the mouse model of α-DB deficiency, there was early modifications to vascular ECM (collagen IV and BM thickening) that translated into reduced IPAD efficiency. Our findings highlight the important role of α-DB in maintaining structure and function of ECM, particularly as a pathway for the flow of ISF and solutes out of the brain by IPAD.
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Kleinloog JPD, Tischmann L, Mensink RP, Adam TC, Joris PJ. Longer-term soy nut consumption improves cerebral blood flow and psychomotor speed: results of a randomized, controlled crossover trial in older men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2097-2106. [PMID: 34510189 PMCID: PMC8634607 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of soy foods on cerebral blood flow (CBF)-a marker of cerebrovascular function-may contribute to the beneficial effects of plant-based diets on cognitive performance. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate longer-term effects of soy nut consumption on CBF in older adults. Changes in 3 different domains of cognitive performance were also studied. METHODS Twenty-three healthy participants (age: 60-70 y; BMI: 20-30 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, controlled, single-blinded crossover trial with an intervention (67 g/d of soy nuts providing ∼25.5 g protein and 174 mg isoflavones) and control period (no nuts) of 16 wk, separated by an 8-wk washout period. Adults followed the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. At the end of each period, CBF was assessed with arterial spin labeling MRI. Psychomotor speed, executive function, and memory were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). RESULTS No serious adverse events were reported, and soy nut intake was well tolerated. Body weights remained stable during the study. Serum isoflavone concentrations increased (daidzein mean difference ± SD: 128 ± 113 ng/mL, P < 0.001; genistein: 454 ± 256 ng/mL, P < 0.001), indicating excellent compliance. Regional CBF increased in 4 brain clusters located in the left occipital and temporal lobes (mean ± SD increase: 11.1 ± 12.4 mL · 100 g-1 · min-1, volume: 11,296 mm3, P < 0.001), bilateral occipital lobe (12.1 ± 15.0 mL · 100 g-1 · min-1, volume: 2632 mm3, P = 0.002), right occipital and parietal lobes (12.7 ± 14.3 mL · 100 g-1 · min-1, volume: 2280 mm3, P = 0.005), and left frontal lobe (12.4 ± 14.5 mL · 100 g-1 · min-1, volume: 2120 mm3, P = 0.009) which is part of the ventral network. These 4 regions are involved in psychomotor speed performance, which improved as the movement time reduced by (mean ± SD) 20 ± 37 ms (P = 0.005). Executive function and memory did not change. CONCLUSIONS Longer-term soy nut consumption may improve cerebrovascular function of older adults, because regional CBF increased. Effects may underlie observed improvements in psychomotor speed.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03627637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi P D Kleinloog
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Tischmann
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Soares CB, Daré LR, Lima KR, Lopes LF, Santos AGD, Schimidt HL, Carpes FP, Lloret A, Viña J, Mello-Carpes PB. Multicomponent Training Prevents Memory Deficit Related to Amyloid-β Protein-Induced Neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:143-154. [PMID: 34275902 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide in the brain, leading to early oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. It has been suggested that physical exercise could be beneficial in preventing AD, but studies with multicomponent training are scanty. OBJECTIVE Verify the effects of multicomponent exercise training to prevent deficits in recognition memory related to Aβ neurotoxicity. METHODS We subjected Wistar rats to multicomponent training (including aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise and cognitive exercise) and then infused amyloid-β peptide into their hippocampus. RESULTS We show that long-term multicomponent training prevents the amyloid-β-associated neurotoxicity in the hippocampus. It reduces hippocampal lipid peroxidation, restores antioxidant capacity, and increases glutathione levels, finally preventing recognition memory deficits. CONCLUSION Multicomponent training avoids memory deficits related to amyloid-β neurotoxicity on an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Rossi Daré
- Federal University of Pampa, campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Viña
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Chieng D, Kistler PM. Coffee and tea on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:399-405. [PMID: 34384881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Coffee and tea are amongst the most consumed beverages worldwide, and are the main source of caffeine in adults. In this review we present findings on the effects of habitual coffee and tea consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Mild-moderate coffee/ caffeine consumption, at 2-3 cups/day, is associated with beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, although may elevate lipid levels. Furthermore, coffee consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, CVD and all cause mortality. Higher tea consumption, in particular green tea, confers similar cardiovascular benefits to coffee with 3 cups/day associated with improved survival in population based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chieng
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter M Kistler
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Yang L, Pan H. Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656455. [PMID: 34290615 PMCID: PMC8287254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulated evidence from animal and human studies supports that exercise is beneficial to physical health. Exercise can upregulate various neurotrophic factors, activate neuroplasticity, and play a positive role in improving and enhancing cerebrovascular function. Due to its economy, convenience, and ability to prevent or ameliorate various aging-related diseases, exercise, a healthy lifestyle, is increasingly popularized by people. However, the mechanism by which exercise performs this function and how it is transmitted from muscles to the brain remains incompletely understood. Here, we review the beneficial effects of exercise with different intensities on the brain with a focus on the positive effects of lactate on neuroplasticity and cerebrovascular plasticity. Based on these recent studies, we propose that lactate, a waste previously misunderstood as a by-product of glycolysis in the past, may be a key signal molecule that regulates the beneficial adaptation of the brain caused by exercise. Importantly, we speculate that a central protective mechanism may underlie the cognitive benefits induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Cognitive and Sports Neuroscience Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Milton-Laskibar I, Martínez JA, Portillo MP. Current Knowledge on Beetroot Bioactive Compounds: Role of Nitrate and Betalains in Health and Disease. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061314. [PMID: 34200431 PMCID: PMC8229785 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases has been occurring in recent decades. Among the deaths resulting from these conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand out as the main contributors. In this regard, dietary patterns featuring a high content of vegetables and fruits, such as the Mediterranean and the DASH diets, are considered beneficial, and thus have been extensively studied. This has resulted in growing interest in vegetable-derived ingredients and food-supplements that may have potential therapeutic properties. Among these supplements, beetroot juice, which is obtained from the root vegetable Beta vulgaris, has gained much attention. Although a significant part of the interest in beetroot juice is due to its nitrate (NO3-) content, which has demonstrated bioactivity in the cardiovascular system, other ingredients with potential beneficial properties such as polyphenols, pigments and organic acids are also present. In this context, the aim of this review article is to analyze the current knowledge regarding the benefits related to the consumption of beetroot and derived food-supplements. Therefore, this article focuses on nitrate and betalains, which are considered to be the major bioactive compounds present in beetroot, and thus in the derived dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA—Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917278100
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA—Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María P. Portillo
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Garrigue P, Mounien L, Champion S, Mouhajir Y, Pechere L, Guillet B, Landrier JF, Seree E. Long-term administration of resveratrol at low doses improves neurocognitive performance as well as cerebral blood flow and modulates the inflammatory pathways in the brain. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108786. [PMID: 34082127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of coincident cerebrovascular deficiency and cognitive dysfunction with aging. Increased oxidative stress as well as inflammation that occurs with aging are associated with the impairment of cerebral vascularization. Interestingly, Resveratrol (RSV), a natural phytoalexin, is known to be a strong antioxidant and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Collectively, these observations strongly suggest that RSV could protect against cerebral vascularization defect and then improves the decline cognitive function associated with aging. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of a long-term RSV treatment (1.25 mg/day for 5 months) on cognitive performances of animals that we have allowed to age normally. Then, we further analyzed the gene expression profile and the cerebral blood flow in the brain. By means of novel object recognition (NOR) test, we observed that RSV enhanced NOR performances of aged rats. In addition, RSV enhanced cerebral blood flow during NOR task in aged rats. Using microarrays experiments, we also showed that several pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress (Eicosanoid signaling, MIF-mediated innate immunity, NF-kB signaling, TNFR2 signaling, IL6 signaling, Production of nitric oxide and ROS) were down-regulated in the brain of RSV treatments rats compared to control rats. In conclusion, these results support that a long-term treatment with RSV improves cognitive performance in the elderly male rat model. This effect is associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow and a decrease in the expression of several pro-inflammatory pathways in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Garrigue
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Yassin Mouhajir
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Benjamin Guillet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Seree
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Bailey BW, Muir AM, Bartholomew CL, Christensen WF, Carbine KA, Marsh H, LaCouture H, McCutcheon C, Larson MJ. The impact of exercise intensity on neurophysiological indices of food-related inhibitory control and cognitive control: A randomized crossover event-related potential (ERP) study. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118162. [PMID: 34020012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-related inhibitory control, the ability to withhold a dominant response towards highly palatable foods, influences dietary decisions. Food-related inhibitory control abilities may increase following a bout of aerobic exercise; however, the impact of exercise intensity on both food-related inhibitory control and broader cognitive control processes is currently unclear. We used a high-powered, within-subjects, crossover design to test how relative intensity of aerobic exercise influenced behavioral (response time, accuracy) and neural (N2 and P3 components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential [ERP]) measures of food-related inhibitory and cognitive control. Two hundred and ten participants completed three separate conditions separated by approximately one week in randomized order: two exercise conditions (35% VO2max or 70% VO2max) and seated rest. Directly following exercise or rest, participants completed a food-based go/no-go task and a flanker task while electroencephalogram data were recorded. Linear mixed models showed generally faster response times (RT) and improved accuracy following 70% VO2max exercise compared to rest, but not 35% VO2max; RTs and accuracy did not differ between 35% VO2max exercise and rest conditions. N2 and P3 amplitudes were larger following 70% VO2max exercise for the food-based go/no-go task compared to rest and 35% VO2max exercise. There were no differences between exercise conditions for N2 amplitude during the flanker task; however, P3 amplitude was more positive following 70% VO2max compared to rest, but not 35% VO2max exercise. Biological sex did not moderate exercise outcomes. Results suggest improved and more efficient food-related recruitment of later inhibitory control and cognitive control processes following 70% VO2max exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Bailey
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States.
| | - Alexandra M Muir
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, United States
| | - Ciera L Bartholomew
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | | | - Kaylie A Carbine
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, United States
| | - Harrison Marsh
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Hunter LaCouture
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Chance McCutcheon
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, United States; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, United States
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