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Madkour M, Abdel-Fattah SA, Ali SI, Ali NGM, Shourrap M, Hosny M, Elolimy AA. Impact of in ovo feeding of grape pomace extract on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of hatched broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103914. [PMID: 38905757 PMCID: PMC11246045 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivering natural antioxidants via in ovo feeding holds promise for enhancing the antioxidant status and performance of chickens. Therefore, The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of in ovo feeding during early embryonic development using grape pomace extract as a natural antioxidant on hatchability, productive performance, immune response, and antioxidant status in broilers. A total of 900 fertile broiler eggs from the Arbor Acres strain were utilized. Each egg was individually weighed, with egg weights ranging from 61.88 ± 3 g. On the 17.5th d of incubation (DOI), the fertile eggs were divided into 6 groups. The first treatment group was untreated and designated as the control (C). The second group was the sham group (Sh), receiving a simulated injection. The third group, designated as the vehicle group (V), was injected with 100 µl of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The fourth group received an injection of 100 µL of grape pomace dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 2 mg (T2). Similarly, the fifth and sixth groups were injected with 100 µL of grape pomace dissolved in DMSO at concentrations of 4 mg and 6 mg, (T4), (T6) respectively. Subsequently, all groups were raised under uniform conditions in terms of management, environment, and nutrition till 5 wk of age. The grape pomace extract (GPE), obtained is rich in total phenolic content (16.07 mg/g), total flavonoid content (7.42 mg/g), and total anthocyanin (8.37 mg/g). Grape pomace extract has exhibited significant antioxidant properties as evidenced by its effectiveness in DPPH scavenging and reducing power assays. Significant improvements in body weight at hatch were observed with in ovo feeding of grape pomace extract, particularly at the 4 mg level, surpassing the effectiveness of the 2 mg and 6 mg grape pomace levels, and this enhancement in body weight continued until the age of 5 wk. GPE injection also led to a significant reduction in cholesterol levels, with the lowest levels recorded for the T4 group. Plasma total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels were significantly elevated in groups treated with T4, T6, and T2 compared to the control group. Conversely, the control group showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The immune response of hatched chicks from grape pomace extract-injected groups, especially the T4 group, exhibited improvement through increased IgM and IgG. These findings demonstrate that in ovo feeding of GPE, particularly at a dosage of 4 mg, enhances growth performance, immune response, and antioxidant status in hatched chicks. Thus, administering natural antioxidants, such as grape pomace extract, to developing broiler embryos via in ovo feeding could serve as a valuable strategy for enhancing the subsequent post-hatch productive performance, as well as bolstering the antioxidant and immunological status of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sayed A Abdel-Fattah
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami I Ali
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nematallah G M Ali
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shourrap
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosny
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt; Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Xiang Y, Sun J, Ma G, Dai X, Meng Y, Fu C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Li J, Zhang S, Zheng Z, Li X, Fu L, Li K, Qi X. Integrating Multi-Omics Data to Identify Key Functional Variants Affecting Feed Efficiency in Large White Boars. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:980. [PMID: 39202341 PMCID: PMC11353296 DOI: 10.3390/genes15080980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimizing feed efficiency through the feed conversion ratio (FCR) is paramount for economic viability and sustainability. In this study, we integrated RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to investigate key functional variants associated with feed efficiency in pigs. Identification of differentially expressed genes in the duodenal and muscle tissues of low- and high-FCR pigs revealed that pathways related to digestion of dietary carbohydrate are responsible for differences in feed efficiency between individuals. Differential open chromatin regions identified by ATAC-seq were linked to genes involved in glycolytic and fatty acid processes. GWAS identified 211 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with feed efficiency traits, with candidate genes PPP1R14C, TH, and CTSD. Integration of duodenal ATAC-seq data and GWAS data identified six key functional variants, particularly in the 1500985-1509676 region on chromosome 2. In those regions, CTSD was found to be highly expressed in the duodenal tissues of pigs with a high feed conversion ratio, suggesting its role as a potential target gene. Overall, the integration of multi-omics data provided insights into the genetic basis of feed efficiency, offering valuable information for breeding more efficient pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.X.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (K.L.)
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Guojian Ma
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Xueting Dai
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Yuan Meng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.X.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Chong Fu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Qiulin Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Jingjin Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.X.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Saixian Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.X.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Zhuqing Zheng
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Liangliang Fu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.S.); (G.M.); (X.D.); (C.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Kui Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.X.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.X.); (Y.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (K.L.)
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Farhan M, Rizvi A, Aatif M, Muteeb G, Khan K, Siddiqui FA. Dietary Polyphenols, Plant Metabolites, and Allergic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:670. [PMID: 38931338 PMCID: PMC11207098 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the ongoing rise in the occurrence of allergic disorders, alterations in dietary patterns have been proposed as a possible factor contributing to the emergence and progression of these conditions. Currently, there is a significant focus on the development of dietary therapies that utilize natural compounds possessing anti-allergy properties. Dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites have been intensively researched due to their well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory characteristics, making them one of the most prominent natural bioactive chemicals. This study seeks to discuss the in-depth mechanisms by which these molecules may exert anti-allergic effects, namely through their capacity to diminish the allergenicity of proteins, modulate immune responses, and modify the composition of the gut microbiota. However, further investigation is required to fully understand these effects. This paper examines the existing evidence from experimental and clinical studies that supports the idea that different polyphenols, such as catechins, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and others, can reduce allergic inflammation, relieve symptoms of food allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, and prevent the progression of the allergic immune response. In summary, dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites possess significant anti-allergic properties and can be utilized for developing both preventative and therapeutic strategies for targeting allergic conditions. The paper also discusses the constraints in investigating and broad usage of polyphenols, as well as potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kimy Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Dhahran Road, Al Mubarraz 36342, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhan Asif Siddiqui
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Hospital, Prince Salman Street, Hofuf 36441, Saudi Arabia;
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Rudrapal M, Rakshit G, Singh RP, Garse S, Khan J, Chakraborty S. Dietary Polyphenols: Review on Chemistry/Sources, Bioavailability/Metabolism, Antioxidant Effects, and Their Role in Disease Management. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:429. [PMID: 38671877 PMCID: PMC11047380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, as secondary metabolites ubiquitous in plant sources, have emerged as pivotal bioactive compounds with far-reaching implications for human health. Plant polyphenols exhibit direct or indirect associations with biomolecules capable of modulating diverse physiological pathways. Due to their inherent abundance and structural diversity, polyphenols have garnered substantial attention from both the scientific and clinical communities. The review begins by providing an in-depth analysis of the chemical intricacies of polyphenols, shedding light on their structural diversity and the implications of such diversity on their biological activities. Subsequently, an exploration of the dietary origins of polyphenols elucidates the natural plant-based sources that contribute to their global availability. The discussion extends to the bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols within the human body, unraveling the complex journey from ingestion to systemic effects. A central focus of the review is dedicated to unravelling the antioxidant effects of polyphenols, highlighting their role in combating oxidative stress and associated health conditions. The comprehensive analysis encompasses their impact on diverse health concerns such as hypertension, allergies, aging, and chronic diseases like heart stroke and diabetes. Insights into the global beneficial effects of polyphenols further underscore their potential as preventive and therapeutic agents. This review article critically examines the multifaceted aspects of dietary polyphenols, encompassing their chemistry, dietary origins, bioavailability/metabolism dynamics, and profound antioxidant effects. The synthesis of information presented herein aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and health enthusiasts, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between polyphenols and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur 522213, India
| | - Gourav Rakshit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India; (G.R.); (R.P.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India; (G.R.); (R.P.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Samiksha Garse
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai 400614, India;
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Soumi Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India; (G.R.); (R.P.S.); (S.C.)
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Nuamah E, Poaty Ditengou JIC, Hirwa F, Cheon I, Chae B, Choi NJ. Dietary Supplementation of Tannins: Effect on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunoglobins of Weaned Piglets-A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:236. [PMID: 38397834 PMCID: PMC10886058 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the swine industry has witnessed the withdrawal of antibiotics and continuous regulation of zinc and copper oxides in the early-life nutrition of piglets. Due to this development, alternative additives from plant sources have been extensively explored. Therefore, this study's objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with tannins on weaned piglets' growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and serum immune status using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. A total of 16 studies with parameters of interest were deemed eligible after a two-step screening process following a comprehensive literature search in the scientific databases of Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were mainly (1) studies involving basal diet supplemented with tannins and (2) studies with the quantification of tannin doses, while the exclusion criteria were (1) studies with pre- and post-weaning pigs and (2) challenged studies. Applying the random-effects models, Hedges' g effect size of supplementation with tannins was calculated using R software to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. Sub-group analysis and meta-regression further explored heterogeneity (PSMD < 0.05, I2 > 50%, n ≥ 10). Supplementation with tannins reduced the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) but increased the final body weight (p < 0.01) of weaned piglets. Chestnut and grape seed proanthocyanidin tannin sources yielded higher effects on growth performance. In addition, meta-regression models indicated that tannin dosage and supplementation duration were directly associated with tannins' effectiveness on productive performance. In the serum, the concentration of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity were elevated (p < 0.01) in response to tannin supplementation, whereas malondialdehydes was reduced (p < 0.01). Likewise, increased immunoglobin M and G levels (p < 0.01) were detected. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with tannins, particularly with chestnut and grape seed proanthocyanidins, increases the productivity of weaned piglets. At the same time, it is a possible nutritional strategy to mitigate oxidative stress and stimulate gut health. Thus, supplementing chestnut and grape seed proanthocyanidin tannins in the early phase of swine production could be used to alleviate the incidence of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nuamah
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.I.C.P.D.); (F.H.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.I.C.P.D.); (F.H.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
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Ming D, Wang J, Yin C, Chen Y, Li Y, Sun W, Pi Y, Monteiro A, Li X, Jiang X. Porous Zinc Oxide and Plant Polyphenols as a Replacement for High-Dose Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Diversity of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:523. [PMID: 38338166 PMCID: PMC10854673 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of adding porous zinc oxide, plant polyphenols, and their combination to diets without antibiotics and high-dose zinc oxide on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, and microbial diversity of weaned piglets. A total of 150 Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned piglets were allocated to one of five diets in a randomized complete block design with six replicates and five piglets per replicate. The experimental period was 42 d, divided into two feeding stages: pre-starter (0-14 d) and starter (14-42 d). In the pre-starter stage, the negative control group (NC) was fed a basal diet, the positive control group (PC) was fed a basal diet with 2000 mg/kg of zinc oxide, the porous zinc oxide group (PZ) was fed a basal diet with 500 mg/kg of porous zinc oxide, the plant polyphenol group (PP) was fed a basal diet with 1500 mg/kg of plant polyphenols, and the combination group (PZ + PP) was fed a basal diet with 500 mg/kg of porous zinc oxide and 1500 mg/kg of plant polyphenols. In the starter stage, the NC, PC, and PZ groups were fed a basal diet, while the PP and PZ + PP groups were fed a basal diet with 1000 mg/kg of plant polyphenols. The results showed that, (1) compared with the PZ group, adding plant polyphenols to the diet showed a trend of increasing the ADFI of weaned piglets from 14 to 28 d (p = 0.099). From days 28 to 42 and days 0 to 42, porous zinc oxide and the combination of porous zinc oxide and plant polyphenols added to the control diet improved the FCR to the level observed in pigs fed the PC diet. (2) Dietary PZ + PP tended to increase the jejunal villus height (VH) of weaned piglets (p = 0.055), and significantly increased the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio compared to the NC group (p < 0.05). (3) Compared with the NC group, PZ supplementation decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the PZ and PZ + PP groups were both increased. In conclusion, porous zinc oxide and plant polyphenols may have synergistic effects in modulating intestinal health in weaned piglets and be a potential alternative to high-dose zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Ming
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Synthetic Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jizhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Chenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Animine, 74960 Annecy, France; (Y.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Yanpin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | | | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Xianren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.M.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.S.); (Y.P.)
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Natural Products as Dietary Agents for the Prevention and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Intestinal Barrier. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38247489 PMCID: PMC10812469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Batista KS, Lima MDS, Francisco Alves A, Cavalcante HC, de Souza DM, de Oliveira GC, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Rodrigues JF, de Albuquerque Meireles BRL, de Magalhães Cordeiro AMT, Persuhn DC, de Souza Aquino J. Antioxidant potential of acerola by-product along the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113380. [PMID: 37803718 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) by-product (ABP) has bioactive compounds that can provide antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects in vivo. In this study we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ABP on oxidative damage along the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks. In addition, we analysed the phenolic compound profile in the enterohepatic axis, and the lipid accumulation in the liver, colon and liver tissue structure of high-fat diet-fed rats treated with fenofibrate drug (100 mg/kg) or ABP (400 mg/kg) via orogastric administration in the 4th to 7th weeks of the experiment. ABP had increased antioxidant potential in vitro and presented ascorbic acid (2022.06 μg/g), carotenoid (2.63 μg/g), and total phenolic compound (5366.44 μg/g) contents. The high-fat diet-fed rats that received ABP (compared to fenofibrate treatment) presented a non-significant reduction of 9.87% in guanine oxidation product, lower relative liver weight, degree of hepatic steatosis, and aspartate aminotransferase level in their blood. ABP also provided high-fat diet-fed rats: an increased amount of total phenolic compounds in caecal digesta (946.42 µg/g), faeces (3299.07 µg/g), colon (256.15 µg/g) and hepatic tissues (454.80 µg/g); higher total antioxidant capacity in plasma and colon; and lower lipid peroxidation in plasma, colonic and hepatic tissues. The results point to the potential antioxidant activity of ABP against oxidative damage along the enterohepatic axis caused by high-fat diet intake. The ABP had a greater protective effect on the healthy liver compared to fenofibrate treatment due to its bioactive compound content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Food Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of the Sertão de Pernambuco (IFSertão-PE), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Hassler Clementino Cavalcante
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Melo de Souza
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Costa de Oliveira
- Bromatology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Josuel Feitosa Rodrigues
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Castangia I, Fulgheri F, Leyva-Jimenez FJ, Alañón ME, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Marongiu F, Meloni MC, Aroffu M, Perra M, Allaw M, Abi Rached R, Oliver-Simancas R, Escribano Ferrer E, Asunis F, Manca ML, Manconi M. From Grape By-Products to Enriched Yogurt Containing Pomace Extract Loaded in Nanotechnological Nutriosomes Tailored for Promoting Gastro-Intestinal Wellness. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1285. [PMID: 37372015 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is the main by-product generated during the winemaking process; since it is still rich in bioactive molecules, especially phenolic compounds with high antioxidant power, its transformation in beneficial and health-promoting foods is an innovative challenge to extend the grape life cycle. Hence, in this work, the phytochemicals still contained in the grape pomace were recovered by an enhanced ultrasound assisted extraction. The extract was incorporated in liposomes prepared with soy lecithin and in nutriosomes obtained combining soy lecithin and Nutriose FM06®, which were further enriched with gelatin (gelatin-liposomes and gelatin-nutriosomes) to increase the samples' stability in modulated pH values, as they were designed for yogurt fortification. The vesicles were sized ~100 nm, homogeneously dispersed (polydispersity index < 0.2) and maintained their characteristics when dispersed in fluids at different pH values (6.75, 1.20 and 7.00), simulating salivary, gastric and intestinal environments. The extract loaded vesicles were biocompatible and effectively protected Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, to a better extent than the free extract in dispersion. The structural integrity of gelatin-nutriosomes, after dilution with milk whey was confirmed, and the addition of vesicles to the yogurt did not modify its appearance. The results pointed out the promising suitability of vesicles loading the phytocomplex obtained from the grape by-product to enrich the yogurt, offering a new and easy strategy for healthy and nutritional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Castangia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Federica Fulgheri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jimenez
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Alañón
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Francesca Marongiu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Meloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Matteo Aroffu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Matteo Perra
- Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Fundación de Investigación Hospital General Universitario, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mohamad Allaw
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Rita Abi Rached
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Oliver-Simancas
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano Ferrer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiano Asunis
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Piazza D'Armi 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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10
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Petcu CD, Mihai OD, Tăpăloagă D, Gheorghe-Irimia RA, Pogurschi EN, Militaru M, Borda C, Ghimpețeanu OM. Effects of Plant-Based Antioxidants in Animal Diets and Meat Products: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061334. [PMID: 36981260 PMCID: PMC10047951 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The perceived level of risk associated with a food product can influence purchase and consumption decisions. Thus, current trends in food safety address an issue of general interest-the identification of healthy and economical alternatives to synthetic antioxidants that may have harmful effects on human health. Still, the processors' target is to increase the shelf life of food products using preserving substances. Natural antioxidants can be extracted and used in the food industry from different plants, such as blueberry, broccoli, chokeberry, cinnamon, ginger, olives, oregano, etc. The identification of the main natural antioxidant types that have been used in the food industry is very important in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the researched topic. In this regard, the aim of this paper was to illustrate the positive aspects of using natural antioxidants with preservative roles in meat products, while, at the same time, highlighting the potential risks induced by these compounds. All of those aspects are correlated with the impact of sensorial attributes and the improvement of the nutritional value of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Daniela Petcu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd., Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Diana Mihai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd., Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Tăpăloagă
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd., Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Aniela Gheorghe-Irimia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd., Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Narcisa Pogurschi
- Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Blvd., Marasti, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuella Militaru
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd., Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristin Borda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mânăștur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana-Mărgărita Ghimpețeanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd., Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Laurindo LF, Direito R, Bueno Otoboni AMM, Goulart RA, Quesada K, Barbalho SM. Grape Processing Waste: Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2168281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Direito
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program (Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation), UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology/School of Medicine, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, FATEC, Avenida Castro Alves, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program (Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation), UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Pistol GC, Marin DE, Bulgaru VC, Anghel AC, Sărăcilă M, Vlassa M, Filip M, Taranu I. Grape seed meal by-product is able to counteract oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulphate in IPEC cells and piglets after weaning. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283607. [PMID: 37053301 PMCID: PMC10101422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, leading to cellular damage and tissue injury. Natural antioxidants compounds found in agro-industrial by-products have proven their effectiveness in treatment of intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, exhibiting many favourable effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a grape seed meal byproduct (GSM) to counteract the effects induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5μg/ml) in vitro on IPEC-1 cells and by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS, 1g/b.w./day) in vivo on piglets after weaning. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-oxidant markers (malondialdehyde MDA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS, protein carbonyl, DNA oxidative damage) antioxidant enzymes (catalase -CAT, superoxide dismutase -SOD, glutathione peroxidase -GPx, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases -eNOS and iNOS) and several important components of Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway were analysed in IPEC-1 cells as well as in piglet's colon and lymph nodes. Our results demonstrated that GSM extract or 8% dietary GSM showed anti-oxidant properties counteracting the pro-oxidant response (ROS, MDA-TBARS, protein carbonyl, DNA/RNA damage) induced by LPS or DSS and restoring the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including CAT, SOD, GPx, eNOS and iNOS in colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. These beneficial effects were modulated via Nrf2 signalling pathway in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Valeria Cristina Bulgaru
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Andrei Cristian Anghel
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sărăcilă
- Laboratory of Feed and Food Quality, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Vlassa
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miuta Filip
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
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13
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Ro KS, Jong SI, Sin JI, Ryu UR, Jong CJ, Kim JH, Kim KC. Supplementation of Pinus densiflora bark extract-chitosan composite improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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SABOW AZAD, ABDULLA NAZIM, MUSTAFA HOZAN, ABUBAKAR AHMED. Quality characteristics and shelf-life of meat of quail birds-fed diets supplemented with grape pomace. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i11.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aims to determine the effect of grape pomace supplementation on quail meat’s quality and shelf life. Growing 121-day-old quail males were separated into groups of 30 birds each (3 replicates of 10 birds each). For 42 days, the quails were fed a diet enriched with 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 g/kg of grape pomace (control group and experimental groups). After the feeding session, ten quails were chosen randomly and slaughtered humanely to test the meat quality. Except for redness, which showed a lower value for experimental groups compared to the control group, neither the physicochemical characteristics nor the eating quality of breast meat varied significantly across treatments. The experimental groups also produced alterations in the fatty acid profile, with an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly due to an increase in linoleic acid concentration. The addition of grape pomace reduced lipid oxidation in meat at 1 and 5 days post-mortem. On post-mortem day 5, the control group meat had more bacteria than the experimental group meat. Overall, supplementation with grape pomace significantly improved the fatty acid profile and showed the capacity to extend shelf life.
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15
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Taranu I, Pistol GC, Anghel AC, Marin D, Bulgaru C. Yeast-Fermented Rapeseed Meal Extract Is Able to Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Caused by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides and to Replace ZnO in Caco-2/HTX29 Co-Culture Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911640. [PMID: 36232939 PMCID: PMC9569814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The present study tested in vitro the capacity of a fermented rapeseed meal extract to reduce medicinal ZnO, which will be banned at the EU level from 2023 onwards because of its potential to cause environmental pollution and the development of Zn resistance in gut bacteria. Rapeseed meal could be an important ZnO substitute as it has antioxidant/radical scavenging properties due to its content of bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols). (2) Protein array and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis, oxidative stress production, and inflammatory and signaling-related molecules in Caco-2 and goblet HT29-MTX co-culture cells challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and treated with ZnO and FRSM. (3) LPS induced cell death (21.1% vs. 12.7% in control, p < 0.005); apoptosis (16.6%); ROS production; and overexpression of biomarkers related to inflammation (63.15% cytokines and 66.67% chemokines), oxidative stress, and signaling proteins when compared to untreated cells. ZnO was effective in counteracting the effect of LPS, and 73.68% cytokines and 91.67% of chemokines were recovered. FRSM was better at restoring normal protein expression for 78.94% of cytokines, 91.67% of chemokines, and 61.11% of signaling molecules. FRSM was able to mitigate negative effects of LPS and might be an alternative to ZnO in pig diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionelia Taranu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-512-241; Fax: +40-213-512-080
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16
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Bocsan IC, Măgureanu DC, Pop RM, Levai AM, Macovei ȘO, Pătrașca IM, Chedea VS, Buzoianu AD. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Polyphenols from Red and White Grape Pomace in Ischemic Heart Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102337. [PMID: 36289599 PMCID: PMC9598344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) represents a very reliable source of polyphenols because it could be found globally as a remnant of the wine industry. During the winemaking process, two types of GP are generated: red GP and white GP, according to the produced wine, red or white. Grape pomace represents a viable source of polyphenols, mainly flavanols, procyanidins anthocyanins, and resveratrol which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Multiple differences were observed between red and white GP in terms of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although most studies are focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of red grape pomace, there are still many variables that need to be taken into consideration, as well as extensive study of the white GP. It was observed that in both in vitro and in vivo studies, the GP polyphenols have a direct antioxidant activity by acting as a free radical scavenger or donating a hydrogen atom. It also possesses an indirect antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κβ), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (Iκκβ) levels or nitrate oxide-4 (NOX4) expression and by increasing the levels of antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione reductase (GRx) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). Besides these activities, many beneficial effects in ischemic heart diseases were also observed, such as the maintenance of the ventricular function as close as possible to normal, and the prevention of infarcted area extension. In this context, this review intends to present the actual knowledge of grape pomace’s potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in ischemic heart disease, knowledge gathered from existing in vitro and in vivo studies focused on this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 23, Marinescu Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Claudiu Măgureanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 23, Marinescu Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonia Mihaela Levai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 3-5, Clinicilor Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Octavian Macovei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Maria Pătrașca
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 23, Marinescu Street, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
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17
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Costa MM, Alfaia CM, Lopes PA, Pestana JM, Prates JAM. Grape By-Products as Feedstuff for Pig and Poultry Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172239. [PMID: 36077957 PMCID: PMC9454619 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape by-products are exceptional options for replacement of conventional and unsustainable feed sources, since large amounts are generated every year from the winery industry. However, the majority is wasted with severe environmental and economic consequences. The present review aimed to evaluate the effects of grape by-products on pig and poultry growth performance. The most recent literature was reviewed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases and the results of a total of 16 and 38 papers for pigs and poultry, respectively, were assessed. Fewer studies are documented for pig, but the incorporation of grape by-products up to 9% feed led to an improvement in growth performance with an increase in average daily gain. Conversely, lower levels (<3% feed) are needed to achieve these results in poultry. The beneficial effects of grape by-products on animal performance are mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and gut morphology modulator properties, but their high level of cell wall lignification and content of polyphenolic compounds (e.g., tannin) limits nutrient digestion and absorption by monogastric animals. The use of exogenous enzymes or mechanical/chemical processes can provide additional nutritional value to these products by improving nutrient bioavailability. Overall, the valorization of grape by-products is imperative to use them as feed alternatives and intestinal health promoters, thereby contributing to boost circular agricultural economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M. Costa
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Lopes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. Pestana
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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18
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Scott MB, Styring AK, McCullagh JSO. Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Microbiome Interactions and Cellular Effects on Health in Humans and Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:770. [PMID: 35890016 PMCID: PMC9324685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds have a variety of functions in plants including protecting them from a range of abiotic and biotic stresses such as pathogenic infections, ionising radiation and as signalling molecules. They are common constituents of human and animal diets, undergoing extensive metabolism by gut microbiota in many cases prior to entering circulation. They are linked to a range of positive health effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and disease-specific activities but the relationships between polyphenol bio-transformation products and their interactions in vivo are less well understood. Here we review the state of knowledge in this area, specifically what happens to dietary polyphenols after ingestion and how this is linked to health effects in humans and animals; paying particular attention to farm animals and pigs. We focus on the chemical transformation of polyphenols after ingestion, through microbial transformation, conjugation, absorption, entry into circulation and uptake by cells and tissues, focusing on recent findings in relation to bone. We review what is known about how these processes affect polyphenol bioactivity, highlighting gaps in knowledge. The implications of extending the use of polyphenols to treat specific pathogenic infections and other illnesses is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Scott
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - Amy K. Styring
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - James S. O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
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19
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Kim KC, Han MH, Pak MN, Sin JI, Ri KC, Pak SS, Ri JH, Pak CJ, Won KY. Effect of dietary Pinus densiflora bark extract on nutrient utilization and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Kandemir K, Piskin E, Xiao J, Tomas M, Capanoglu E. Fruit Juice Industry Wastes as a Source of Bioactives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6805-6832. [PMID: 35544590 PMCID: PMC9204825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Food processing sustainability, as well as waste minimization, are key concerns for the modern food industry. A significant amount of waste is generated by the fruit juice industry each year. In addition to the economic losses caused by the removal of these wastes, its impact on the environment is undeniable. Therefore, researchers have focused on recovering the bioactive components from fruit juice processing, in which a great number of phytochemicals still exist in the agro-industrial wastes, to help minimize the waste burden as well as provide new sources of bioactive compounds, which are believed to be protective agents against certain diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Although these wastes contain non-negligible amounts of bioactive compounds, information on the utilization of these byproducts in functional ingredient/food production and their impact on the sensory quality of food products is still scarce. In this regard, this review summarizes the most recent literature on bioactive compounds present in the wastes of apple, citrus fruits, berries, stoned fruits, melons, and tropical fruit juices, together with their extraction techniques and valorization approaches. Besides, on the one hand, examples of different current food applications with the use of these wastes are provided. On the other hand, the challenges with respect to economic, sensory, and safety issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Kandemir
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Piskin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science
and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense
Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- International
Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Kim KC, Sin SI, Ri MR, Jo CH, Mun SH. Effect of dietary Pinus densiflora bark extract on activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme in weaning piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Li R, Li H, Zhang Q. Procyanidin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from high glucose by inhibiting autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:201-211. [PMID: 34636125 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The damage of hyperglycemia to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a critical event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Procyanidin (PC), a kind of polyphenol compounds, has shown to be effective in preventing and treating diabetes as well as its complications, in which autophagy disorder is involved in the pathological mechanism. However, it remains unclear whether PC can play a protective role in DR by regulating the autophagy of RPE. Here, the effect of PC on RPE under high glucose conditions and the role of autophagy were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability of ARPE-19, a human RPE cell line, was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis markers, including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3, as well as autophagy markers including LC3, p62, p53, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. Autophagic flux in ARPE-19 cells was detected by transfection with Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B. RESULTS Under high glucose conditions, the viability of ARPE-19 was decreased and the apoptosis rate increased, the protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, LC3-II/LC3-I, and p-p53 were all increased and the expressions of Bcl-2, p62, and p-mTOR decreased, and autophagic flux was increased compared with that of the controls. Treatment with PC weakened all these changes caused by high glucose. When rapamycin (RPM), an autophagy agonist was added, the cell viability of ARPE-19 by PC treatment was decreased while the apoptosis was increased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that through the p53/mTOR autophagy pathway, PC may protect RPE cells from high glucose-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Kovács D, Palkovicsné Pézsa N, Jerzsele Á, Süth M, Farkas O. Protective Effects of Grape Seed Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins in IPEC-J2–Escherichia coli/Salmonella Typhimurium Co-Culture. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010110. [PMID: 35052987 PMCID: PMC8773002 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium provides the largest barrier protecting mammalian species from harmful external factors; however, it can be severely compromised by the presence of bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Antibiotics have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of GI bacterial infections, leading to antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine alike. In order to decrease antibiotic usage, natural substances, such as flavonoids, are investigated to be used as antibiotic alternatives. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are potential candidates for this purpose owing to their various beneficial effects in humans and animals. In this study, protective effects of grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOPs) were tested in IPEC-J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells infected with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium of swine origin. GSOPs were able to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation and barrier integrity disruption inflicted by bacteria in the co-culture. Furthermore, GSOPs could decrease the adhesion of both bacteria to IPEC-J2 cells. Based on these observations, GSOPs seem to be promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal bacterial infections.
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24
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Valencia-Hernandez LJ, Wong-Paz JE, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Chávez-González ML, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Procyanidins: From Agro-Industrial Waste to Food as Bioactive Molecules. Foods 2021; 10:3152. [PMID: 34945704 PMCID: PMC8701411 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins are an important group of bioactive molecules known for their benefits to human health. These compounds are promising in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as they prevent cell damage related to oxidative stress. It is necessary to study effective extraction methods for the recovery of these components. In this review, advances in the recovery of procyanidins from agro-industrial wastes are presented, which are obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction. Current trends focus on the extraction of procyanidins from seeds, peels, pomaces, leaves and bark in agro-industrial wastes, which are extracted by ultrasound. Some techniques have been coupled with environmentally friendly techniques. There are few studies focused on the extraction and evaluation of biological activities of procyanidins. The identification and quantification of these compounds are the result of the study of the polyphenolic profile of plant sources. Antioxidant, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory activity are presented as the biological properties of greatest interest. Agro-industrial wastes can be an economical and easily accessible source for the extraction of procyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Johana Valencia-Hernandez
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Jorge E. Wong-Paz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles C.P. 79010, SL, Mexico;
| | - Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
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25
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Cui Y, Li J, Deng D, Lu H, Tian Z, Liu Z, Ma X. Solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii improves the quality of tea dregs for use as feed additives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260045. [PMID: 34767609 PMCID: PMC8589212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii to improve the quality of tea dregs (TDs) through solid-state fermentation as well as the value of the fermented tea dregs (FTDs) produced for use as bio-feed additives. After fermentation, FTDs differed in color and structure. Fermentation with A. niger and T. koningii increased the contents of crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of TDs. Compared to the unfermented group, the contents of reducing sugar, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and theasaponins were increased in A. niger FTDs, while in T. koningii FTDs caffeine was completely degraded, the theasaponins were lower, and the contents of reducing sugar and caffeine higher. Regarding free amino acids, A. niger FTDs had the highest content of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, total non-essential amino acids, total aromatic amino acids, total branched-chain amino acids, and total non-protein amino acids, and all types of essential amino acids, followed by T. koningii FTDs and the control TDs. Fungal fermentation had similar effects on the content of various hydrolytic amino acids as those on above free amino acids, and increased the content of bitter and umami components. The composition of essential amino acids of TDs or FTDs was similar to that of the standard model, except for sulfur-containing amino acids and isoleucine. Solid-state fermentation with A. niger and T. koningii effectively improved the nutritional value of TDs, increased the contents of functional substances, and improved the flavor of TDs. This study demonstrated a feasible approach to utilize TDs that not only increases animal feed resources, but also reduces the production of resource waste and pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Chedea VS, Tomoiagǎ LL, Macovei ŞO, Mǎgureanu DC, Iliescu ML, Bocsan IC, Buzoianu AD, Voşloban CM, Pop RM. Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Actions of Polyphenols From Grapevine and Wine By-Products-Base for Complementary Therapy in Ischemic Heart Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750508. [PMID: 34805304 PMCID: PMC8595212 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace and grape seeds, by-products of the wine industry, and grapevine cane resulting from grapevine pruning are cheap matrices containing important amounts of polyphenols. While there is a continuous need of introducing new ways of these by-products valorization, we propose their use as a source of bioactive polyphenols for complementary therapy in ischemic heart diseases. As oxidative stress plays an important role in these diseases, by their antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties, these compounds, mainly flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, and resveratrol may counteract the damage of the oxidative stress. For instance, to some extent, the grape seed extract, considered as an antioxidant nutritive supplement, may have pro-oxidant activity as well, depending on dose, duration of administration, and other dietary components. In vitro studies confirm that the antioxidant activity of this extract might be mediated by pro-oxidant o-quinones and oxidation products of the polyphenols from grape and winery byproducts, indicating that quinones, as oxidation products, are involved in the modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance at the cellular level in the case of catechin-type compounds, in the absence or presence of oxidative stress inducers. In vivo, studies indicate that a grape pomace-rich diet results in a significant increase of the total antioxidant status in the plasma, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Also, the administration of grape pomace shows antioxidant activity with positive effects on health. In this context, the present review aims to present the most recent research focused on the antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of the bioactive polyphenols from grapevine and wine byproducts, in conditions of ischemic heart diseases as assessed in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Lucia Iliescu
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), Blaj, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Fernández-Fernández AM, Dellacassa E, Nardin T, Larcher R, Gámbaro A, Medrano-Fernandez A, del Castillo MD. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Citrus Pomaces and Orange Pomace Biscuits. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123480. [PMID: 34201056 PMCID: PMC8229244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to provide novel information on the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from raw citrus pomaces (mandarin varieties Clemenule and Ortanique and orange varieties Navel and Valencia). The effects of the baking process on their bioaccessibility was also assessed. Samples of pomaces and biscuits containing them as an ingredient were digested, mimicking the human enzymatic oral gastrointestinal digestion process, and the composition of the digests were analyzed. UHPLC-MS/MS results of the citrus pomaces flavonoid composition showed nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin. The analysis of the digests indicated the bioaccessibility of compounds possessing antioxidant [6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest, 65.5–97.1 µmol Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g digest, and 135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest for total phenol content (TPC), ABTS, and ORAC-FL methods, respectively; significant reduction (p < 0.05) in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation under tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mM)-induced conditions in IEC-6 and CCD-18Co cells when pre-treated with concentrations 5–25 µg/mL of the digests], anti-inflammatory [significant reduction (p < 0.05) in nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages], and antidiabetic (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL and 58.04–105.68 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition capacities) properties in the citrus pomaces under study. In addition, orange pomace biscuits with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber”, as well as those with good sensory quality (6.9–6.7, scale 1–9) and potential health promoting properties, were obtained. In conclusion, the results supported the feasibility of citrus pomace as a natural sustainable source of health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids. Unfractionated orange pomace may be employed as a functional food ingredient for reducing the risk of pathophysiological processes linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetes, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.F.-F.); (A.G.); (A.M.-F.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Dellacassa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Dipartimento Alimenti e Trasformazione, Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all’Adige, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 Trento, Italy; (T.N.); (R.L.)
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Dipartimento Alimenti e Trasformazione, Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all’Adige, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 Trento, Italy; (T.N.); (R.L.)
| | - Adriana Gámbaro
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.F.-F.); (A.G.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Alejandra Medrano-Fernandez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (A.M.F.-F.); (A.G.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - María Dolores del Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910-017-900 (ext. 953)
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28
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Bocsan IC, Pop RM, Sabin O, Sarkandy E, Boarescu PM, Roşian ŞH, Leru PM, Chedea VS, Socaci SA, Buzoianu AD. Comparative Protective Effect of Nigella sativa Oil and Vitis vinifera Seed Oil in an Experimental Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113221. [PMID: 34072098 PMCID: PMC8198749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study’s aim was to characterize the composition of Nigella sativa seed (NSO) and grape seed (GSO) oils, and to evaluate their cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effect on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced ischemia in rats. Materials and Methods: NSO and GSO supplements were physicochemically characterized. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used to determine the phytochemical composition in the oils. Total polyphenol content (TPC) and in vitro antioxidant activity were also determined. Pretreatment with 4 mL/kg/day NSO or GSO was administered to rats for 14 days. The experimental ischemia was induced by a single administration of ISO 45 mg/kg after 14 days. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed initially and 24 h after ISO. Biological evaluation was done at the end of experiment. Results: The HPLC-MS, GC-MS, and FTIR analyses showed that both NSO and GSO are important sources of bioactive compounds, especially catechin and phenolic acids in GSO, while NSO was enriched in flavonoids and thymol derivatives. Pretreatment with GSO and NSO significantly reduced ventricular conduction, prevented the cardiotoxic effect of ISO in ventricular myocardium, and reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines and CK-Mb. Conclusion: Both NSO and GSO were shown to have an anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.); (O.S.); (E.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.); (O.S.); (E.S.); (A.D.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Octavia Sabin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.); (O.S.); (E.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Elias Sarkandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.); (O.S.); (E.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ştefan Horia Roşian
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology—Heart Institute, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Poliana Mihaela Leru
- Department of Family Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania;
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manaștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.B.); (O.S.); (E.S.); (A.D.B.)
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Gerardi G, Cavia-Saiz M, Muñiz P. From winery by-product to healthy product: bioavailability, redox signaling and oxidative stress modulation by wine pomace product. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7427-7448. [PMID: 33951976 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wine pomace is the main winery by-products that suppose an economic and environmental problem and their use as a functional ingredient are being increasingly recognized as a good and inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. In this sense, it is known the potential health properties of wine pomace products in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity. Those effects are due to the bioactive compounds of wine pomace and the mechanisms concern especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways. This review mainly summarizes the mechanisms of wine pomace products as modulators of oxidative status involved in cell pathologies as well as their potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, the review provides an overview of the findings related to the wine pomace bioactive compounds profile, their bioavailability and the action mechanisms for maintaining the redox cell balance involved in health benefits. The review suggests an important role for wine pomace product in cardiovascular diseases prevention and their regular food intake may attenuate the development and progression of comorbidities associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gerardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Kithama M, Hassan YI, Guo K, Kiarie E, Diarra MS. The Enzymatic Digestion of Pomaces From Some Fruits for Value-Added Feed Applications in Animal Production. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.611259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the noticed steady increase of global demand for animal proteins coupled with the current farming practices falling short in fulfilling the requested quantities, more attention is being paid for means and methods intended to maximize every available agricultural-resource in a highly sustainable fashion to address the above growing gap between production and consumers' demand. Within this regard, considerable efforts are being invested either in identifying new animal feed ingredients or maximizing the utilization of already established ones. The public preference and awareness of the importance of using waste products generated by fruit-dependent industries (juice, jams, spirits, etc.) has improved substantially in recent years where a genuine interest of using the above waste(s) in meaningful applications is solidifying and optimization-efforts are being pursued diligently. While many of the earlier reported usages of fruit pomaces as feedstuffs suggested the possibility of using minimally processed raw materials alone, the availability of exogenous digestive and bio-conversion enzymes is promising to take such applications to new un-matched levels. This review will discuss some efforts and practices using exogenous enzymes to enhance fruit pomaces quality as feed components as well as their nutrients' accessibility for poultry and swine production purposes. The review will also highlight efforts deployed to adopt numerous naturally derived and environmentally friendly catalytic agents for sustainable future feed applications and animal farming-practices.
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31
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Long J, Guan P, Hu X, Yang L, He L, Lin Q, Luo F, Li J, He X, Du Z, Li T. Natural Polyphenols as Targeted Modulators in Colon Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635484. [PMID: 33664749 PMCID: PMC7921316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer commonly develops from long-term chronic inflammation in the intestine and seriously threatens human health. Natural polyphenols have been valued as a crucial regulator of nutrient metabolism and metabolic diseases, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions and the ability to maintain a balance between gut microbes and their hosts. Notably, experimental and clinical evidence has shown that natural polyphenols could act as a targeted modulator to play a key role in the prevention or treatment of colon cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarized recent advances in the possible regulatory mechanism and the potential application of natural polyphenols in colon cancer, which might be regarded as a novel platform for the colon cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingguo He
- Changsha Green Leaf Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Du
- Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Bhatia S, Lal A, Singh S, Franco F. Potential of polyphenols in curbing quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Gram-negative pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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Palade LM, Dore MI, Marin DE, Rotar MC, Taranu I. Assessment of Food By-Products' Potential for Simultaneous Binding of Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:2. [PMID: 33374968 PMCID: PMC7822050 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, eight food by-products were investigated as biosorbent approaches in removing mycotoxin load towards potential dietary inclusion in animal feed. Among these food-derived by-products, grape seed (GSM) and seabuckthorn (SBM) meals showed the most promising binding capacity for Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Zearalenone (ZEA), measured as percent of adsorbed mycotoxin. Furthermore, we explored the mycotoxin sequestering potential by screening the effect of time, concentration, temperature and pH. Comparative binding efficacy was addressed by carrying out adsorption experiments in vitro. The highest mycotoxin adsorption was attained using 30 mg of by-product for both GSM (85.9% AFB1 and 83.7% ZEA) and SBM (68% AFB1 and 84.5% ZEA). Optimal settings for the experimental factors were predicted employing the response surface design. GSM was estimated to adsorb AFB1 optimally at a concentration of 29 mg/mL, pH 5.95 and 33.6 °C, and ZEA using 28 mg/mL at pH 5.76 and 31.7 °C. Favorable adsorption of AFB1 was estimated at 37.5 mg of SBM (pH 8.1; 35.6 °C), and of ZEA at 30.2 mg of SBM (pH 5.6; 29.3 °C). Overall, GSM revealed a higher binding capacity compared with SBM. In addition, the two by-products showed different specificity for the binary-mycotoxin system, with SBM having higher affinity towards ZEA than AFB1 (Kf = 0.418 and 1/n = 0.213 vs. Kf = 0.217 and 1/n = 0.341) and GSM for AFB1 in comparison with ZEA (Kf = 0.367 and 1/n = 0.248 vs. Kf = 0.343 and 1/n = 0.264). In conclusion, this study suggests that GSM and SBM represent viable alternatives to commercial biosorbent products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu Mihai Palade
- National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, 077015 IBNA Balotesti, Romania; (M.I.D.); (D.E.M.); (M.C.R.); (I.T.)
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Marin DE, Bulgaru CV, Anghel CA, Pistol GC, Dore MI, Palade ML, Taranu I. Grape Seed Waste Counteracts Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity in Piglet Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120800. [PMID: 33333857 PMCID: PMC7765275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin that frequently contaminates cereals and cereal byproducts. This study investigates the effect of AFB1 on the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of piglets and evaluates if a diet containing grape seed meal (GSM) can counteract the negative effect of AFB1 on inflammation and oxidative stress. Twenty-four weaned piglets were fed the following diets: Control, AFB1 group (320 μg AFB1/kg feed), GSM group (8% GSM), and AFB1 + GSM group (8% GSM + 320 μg AFB1/kg feed) for 30 days. AFB1 has an important antioxidative effect by decreasing the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant status. As a result of the exposure to AFB1, an increase of MAP kinases, metalloproteinases, and cytokines, as effectors of an inflammatory response, were observed in the MLNs of intoxicated piglets. GSM induced a reduction of AFB1-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of GPx and SOD and by decreasing lipid peroxidation. GSM decreased the inflammatory markers increased by AFB1. These results represent an important and promising way to valorize this waste, which is rich in bioactive compounds, for decreasing AFB1 toxic effects in mesenteric lymph nodes.
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35
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Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in LPS-Treated IPEC-J2 Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Their Antibacterial Effect against Bacteria of Swine Origin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121267. [PMID: 33322114 PMCID: PMC7764120 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of flavonoids are widely known in human medicine, but less information is available about their veterinary usage. Based on their antioxidant and antibacterial activity, proanthocyanidins (PAs) and luteolin (LUT) might be used in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections in swine. In this study, in vitro beneficial effects of grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOPs) and LUT were investigated against bacterial endotoxin (LPS)-induced oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial intestinal cells. Furthermore, antibacterial effects of GSOP and LUT were assessed against field isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium. Both GSOP and LUT were found to possess potent in vitro antioxidant activity in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells; furthermore, they showed a bacteriostatic effect against the tested bacterial strains of porcine origin. Both flavonoids seem to be effective in the protection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, but further in vivo studies are necessary to confirm these activities and to establish their optimal dosage regimen for future usage in veterinary practice.
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36
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Plant Polyphenols-Biofortified Foods as a Novel Tool for the Prevention of Human Gut Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121225. [PMID: 33287404 PMCID: PMC7761854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant food biofortification is recently receiving remarkable attention, as it aims to increase the intake of minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants, crucial for their contribution to the general human health status and disease prevention. In this context, the study of the plant’s secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, plays a pivotal role for the development of a new generation of plant crops, compensating, at least in part, the low nutritional quality of Western diets with a higher quality of dietary sources. Due to the prevalent immunomodulatory activity at the intestinal level, polyphenols represent a nutritionally relevant class of plant secondary metabolites. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of different classes of polyphenols with a specific attention to their potential in the prevention of intestinal pathological processes. We also discuss the latest biotechnology strategies and new advances of genomic techniques as a helpful tool for polyphenols biofortification and the development of novel, healthy dietary alternatives that can contribute to the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Chaouch MA, Benvenuti S. The Role of Fruit by-Products as Bioactive Compounds for Intestinal Health. Foods 2020; 9:E1716. [PMID: 33266454 PMCID: PMC7700329 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit processing industry generates large amounts of wastes (pomace, seeds, peels) that causes negative environmental impact with considerable treatment expenses. Nevertheless, various studies demonstrated that these by-products are still rich in bioactive compounds, especially dietary fibres and phenolic compounds, thus leading to significant chemical, physical and biological properties. These characteristics make fruits by-products a good source for new supplements in food products having important effect on intestinal function. Thus, the aim of this review is to evaluate the different bioactive compounds isolated from fruit by-products and to analyse their application in various formulations for the food and nutraceutical industries. In consideration of the biological properties of these compounds, their role in the functioning and action on intestine and gut flora was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aymen Chaouch
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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38
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Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225311. [PMID: 33202575 PMCID: PMC7696942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the study of the effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) on human health. GSSE contains high concentrations of important polyphenolic substances with high biological activity. This review is a summary of studies that investigate the effects of GSSE on diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, its neuroprotective effect, and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and other health complications related to these diseases. The results of the studies confirm that the anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and pro-proliferative effects of “Vitis vinifera L.” seed extract reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the overall lipid metabolism.
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Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E982. [PMID: 33066106 PMCID: PMC7601951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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40
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Costa JR, Xavier M, Amado IR, Gonçalves C, Castro PM, Tonon RV, Cabral LMC, Pastrana L, Pintado ME. Polymeric nanoparticles as oral delivery systems for a grape pomace extract towards the improvement of biological activities. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111551. [PMID: 33321615 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is a major by-product from the wine industry, known for its bioactive compounds and their impact upon gastrointestinal (GI) health. However, bioaccessibility is often poor due to their degradation during digestion. This work aimed to encapsulate bioactive GP extract (GPE) into chitosan (CS) and alginate (Alg) nanoparticles (NPs) to mitigate degradation in the GI tract. Alg and CS NPs were optimized using a rotatable central composite design and NPs were characterized for their size, polydispersity, zeta potential and total phenolics (TP) association efficiency. The best formulations showed sizes ranging 523-853 nm, polydispersity indexes of 0.11-0.36, zeta potential of -15.0-14.9 mV and TP association efficiencies of 68 and 65%. FTIR confirmed that there was no formation of new chemical groups after association of the polymers with GPE. Both formulations improved the bioaccessibility of different phenolics following in vitro GI digestion, leading to increased antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Moreover, the permeability of bioactive compounds through a Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture was reduced, suggesting a higher residence time in the intestine. Cy5.5 was used for tracking the CS NPs, which did not affect the metabolic activity of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells. Confocal microscopy images confirmed the adsorption of NPs to the cellular layer and suggested a reduction of the tight junction protein occludin when cells were incubated with Cy5.5-CS in solution. This study suggests that encapsulation of GPE can offer protection against along the GI tract and improve its biological activity with significant impact for oral delivery applications, including functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Xavier
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715 - 330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel R Amado
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715 - 330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gonçalves
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715 - 330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Castro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata V Tonon
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501, 23020-470 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lourdes M C Cabral
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501, 23020-470 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715 - 330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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41
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Grape pomace inhibits colon carcinogenesis by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing epigenetic modifications. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108443. [PMID: 32629240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP), a by-product of the wine and juice industry, is rich in bioflavonoids and dietary fibers. We hypothesized that GP has protective effects against colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Nine-week-old female mice were fed a control diet (CON) or CON with 5% grape pomace (GP) for 2 weeks, when mice were subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced-CRC induction. GP supplementation ameliorated the disease activity index (DAI) score, reduced tumor number, tumor size and pathological scores in AOM/DSS treated mice. Furthermore, dietary GP suppressed colonic expression of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, and inhibited NF-κB inflammatory signaling, while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β mRNA expression. Colorectal inflammation is known to enhance Wnt signaling and cell proliferation. In agreement, the content of β-catenin, a key downstream mediator of Wnt signaling, was reduced as was the expression of Cyclin D1, phosphorylation and content of p53 and PCNA level in GP-fed mice. In addition, GP reduced the expression of ALDH1, a marker of cell stemness, and increased the expression of Cdx2, a key transcription factor initiating epithelial cell differentiation, DNA methylation of the promoter region of Cdx2 gene and hypermethylation of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), which commonly occurs during CRC carcinogenesis, was alleviated in the GP group. In conclusion, GP supplementation suppressed colitis-associated CRC carcinogenesis, which was associated with the suppression of inflammation and cell proliferation and the enhancement of DNA demethylation in Cdx2 and CIMP genes in the colon. These data suggest that dietary GP supplementation has preventive effects against colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Bennato F, Di Luca A, Martino C, Ianni A, Marone E, Grotta L, Ramazzotti S, Cichelli A, Martino G. Influence of Grape Pomace Intake on Nutritional Value, Lipid Oxidation and Volatile Profile of Poultry Meat. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040508. [PMID: 32316475 PMCID: PMC7230919 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) represents the main solid by-product deriving from grape processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary GP intake on nutritional quality, lipid oxidation and volatile profile of chicken meat. A total of 112 Ross 508 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed for 21 days with a standard diet. For the remaining 28 days of the trial, the control group (CG) continued to receive a standard diet, while the experimental groups (EGs) were fed with diets containing different GP concentrations: 2.5% (EG1), 5% (EG2) and 7% (EG3). Following the slaughtering, samples of breast meat were collected from each group. No significant differences were observed for pH, cooking loss and meat brightness, whereas the GP intake showed effectiveness in inducing variations in drip loss, meat yellowness and redness. The experimental feeding strategy also induced changes in the fatty acid profile, with an overall increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly due to the increase in concentration of linoleic acid. The dietary supplementation also induced a decrease in lipid oxidation in meat, a finding also confirmed by the reduction in volatile aldehydes in 7 days stored raw meat. The feeding strategy based on the use of GP did not induce detrimental effects on the quality of broiler meat and showed the potential to lengthen the shelf-life as a direct consequence of the improvement in the oxidative stability. Overall, the present study showed a viable way for the recovery and the valorization of an agro-industrial by-product, with potential benefits also from an environmental point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 37, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Elettra Marone
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Solange Ramazzotti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.I.); (E.M.); (L.G.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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Ao X, Kim IH. Effects of grape seed extract on performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2078-2086. [PMID: 32241493 PMCID: PMC7587615 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, relative organ weight, jejunum morphology, ileal microflora, and meat quality in Pekin ducks. A total of 1,500 female 1-day-old Pekin ducklings (52.0 ± 0.2 g) were blocked based on body weight (BW) and randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 10 replicates of 50 birds each. The experiment lasted for 6 wk, and dietary treatments included corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.01, and 0.02% GSE. The supplementation of GSE increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and final BW linearly but decreased (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) linearly during day (D) 22 to 42 and the entire experiment. The inclusion of GSE increased (P < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidative capacity, catalase, complement4, immunoglobin G, interleukin-2, and interferon-γ linearly but decreased (P < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde linearly. The relative weight of carcass, breast meat, and spleen in GSE treatments was increased (P < 0.05) linearly, whereas the relative weight of abdominal fat was decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Birds fed GSE1 and GSE2 diets had lower (P < 0.05) cook loss, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and drip loss on day 3 and 5 linearly but higher (P < 0.05) pH24h and water-holding capacity. The addition of GSE decreased (P < 0.05) jejunum crypt depth and ileal Escherichia coli counts linearly but increased (P < 0.05) jejunum villus height: crypt depth ratio and ileal Lactobacilli linearly. Taken together, the inclusion of GSE increased final BW and BWG, decreased F/G during day 22 to 42 and day 1 to 42, partially improved antioxidant activities, immunity, meat quality, and gut health in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea; Tie Qi Li Shi Group. Co., Mianyang, Sichuan 621006, P. R. China
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea.
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Jedidi S, Rtibi K, Selmi S, Aloui F, Selmi H, Wannes D, Sammari H, Dhawefi N, Chaâbane A, Sebai H. Phytochemical/Antioxidant Properties and Individual/Synergistic Actions of Salvia officinalis L. Aqueous Extract and Loperamide on Gastrointestinal Altering Motor Function. J Med Food 2019; 22:1235-1245. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Jedidi
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Foued Aloui
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
| | - Houcine Selmi
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
| | - Dalanda Wannes
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Houcem Sammari
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Nourhène Dhawefi
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Abbes Chaâbane
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
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45
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Wang X, Jiang G, Kebreab E, Yu Q, Li J, Zhang X, He H, Fang R, Dai Q. Effects of dietary grape seed polyphenols supplementation during late gestation and lactation on antioxidant status in serum and immunoglobulin content in colostrum of multiparous sows1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2515-2523. [PMID: 31004130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary grape seed polyphenols (GSP) supplementation during the late gestation and lactation period on reproductive performance, antioxidative status in serum, nutrient composition, and Ig content in colostrum of multiparous sows. On day 80 of gestation, a total of 64 sows with similar body condition were allocated to a completely randomized block design with 4 dietary treatments (n = 16 sows per treatment): 1) basal diet (CON, control group); 2) basal diet supplemented with 200 IU/kg vitamin E (200VE, positive control group); 3) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg GSP (200GSP); and 4) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg GSP (300GSP). The trial lasted 56 d until the piglets were weaned on day 21 of lactation. Reproductive performance, parameters of antioxidative status, and levels of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) in serum, nutrient composition, and Ig content in colostrum of sows were determined. The number of dead fetuses was reduced, and farrowing survival was significantly improved in the litters from 300GSP-fed (P < 0.05). Preweaning survivability significantly increased in the litters from sows fed 200GSP and 200VE (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum was significantly increased in sows fed 200GSP and 300GSP (P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the serum also significantly increased in sows fed 200VE (P < 0.05). Sows fed 300GSP had the greatest levels of P4 and E2 in the serum, which was significantly greater than sows fed 200VE and CON (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found among treatments for the content of solids-not-fat, fat, protein, and lactose in colostrum (P > 0.05). However, sows fed GSP had greater IgM and IgG content in colostrum compared with sows fed 200VE and CON (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary GSP supplementation during late gestation and lactation improved the farrowing survival and preweaning survivability, enhanced the antioxidant status and hormone levels in serum, and increased the IgM and IgG content in colostrum of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Wang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Guitao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Qifang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - He He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Hunan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha, China
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Giordano A, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S, González-Cooper A, Suárez-Rozas C, Salas-Norambuena J, Acevedo-Fuentes W, Leyton F, Tirapegui C, Echeverría J, Claros S, Cassels BK. Variation of Secondary Metabolites in the Aerial Biomass of Cryptocarya alba. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19856258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptocarya alba is an important tree species in the Chilean sclerophyllous forest. Its leaves and bark are used in traditional medicine to treat liver diseases and rheumatism. Analyses of the essential oil (EO) show serious discrepancies, and information on other constituents is limited. The aerial biomass of individual trees from 3 wild populations, some old trees, and farmed saplings were analyzed ( n = 132). The EO profiles were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The alkaloidal and polyphenol compositions were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/MS-MS. The total polyphenol content, the total flavonoid content, and the antioxidant capacity (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP respectively) were determined by standard methods. Significant differences were found at the individual and population levels in the contents of polyphenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and specific alkaloids for leaves, bark, and wood. Farmed saplings grown under less light showed higher concentrations of higenamine, N-methylcoclaurine, N-methyllaurotetanine, and isocorydine, while those receiving more light were richer in laurolitsine, boldine, coclaurine, catechin, quercetin, epicatechin, quercitrin, and procyanidins. Important variations were found according to the season, age of the tree and of the leaves. The EO composition also varied considerably. These results support the idea that the natural variability of medicinal species is an important subject for study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ady Giordano
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes-Barros
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- SAPHYCHEM, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Cristian Suárez-Rozas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Felipe Leyton
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Tirapegui
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Claros
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K. Cassels
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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47
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Goethals S, Vossen E, Michiels J, Vanhaecke L, Van Camp J, Van Hecke T, De Smet S. Impact of Red versus White Meat Consumption in a Prudent or Western Dietary Pattern on the Oxidative Status in a Pig Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5661-5671. [PMID: 31012581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human diets contain a complex mixture of antioxidants and pro-oxidants that contribute to the body's oxidative status. In this study, 32 pigs were fed chicken versus red and processed meat in the context of a prudent or Western dietary pattern for 4 weeks, to investigate their oxidative status. Lipid oxidation products (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and hexanal) were higher in the chicken versus red and processed meat diets (1.7- to 8.3-fold) and subsequent in vitro (1.3- to 1.9-fold) and in vivo (1.4 to 3-fold) digests ( P < 0.001), which was presumably related to the higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content in chicken meat and/or the added antioxidants in processed meat. However, diet had only a marginal or no effect on the systemic oxidative status, as determined by plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood and organs, except for α-tocopherol, which was higher after the consumption of the chicken-Western diet. In conclusion, in contrast to the hypothesis, the consumption of chicken in comparison to that of the red and processed meat resulted in higher concentrations of lipid oxidation products in the pig intestinal contents; however, this was not reflected in the body's oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Goethals
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133 , B-9820 Merelbeke , Belgium
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Els Vossen
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133 , B-9820 Merelbeke , Belgium
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University , University Road , Belfast BT7 1NN , Northern Ireland , United Kingdom
| | - John Van Camp
- Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Hecke
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
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48
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Ianni A, Di Maio G, Pittia P, Grotta L, Perpetuini G, Tofalo R, Cichelli A, Martino G. Chemical-nutritional quality and oxidative stability of milk and dairy products obtained from Friesian cows fed with a dietary supplementation of dried grape pomace. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3635-3643. [PMID: 30629293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional properties of milk and cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed with a diet supplemented with dried grape pomace, a by-product of the oenological industry, which is very rich in polyphenols. This approach is inspired by the increasing interest in foods containing functional ingredients that may have beneficial effects on human health. During the testing period, analyses of the chemical and nutritional properties of milk and dairy products derived from it were performed; particular attention was given to the effect of cheese ripening on the oxidative stability and fermentation process, evaluating respectively the presence of malondialdehyde and γ-aminobutyric acid. RESULTS Dietary enrichment with grape pomace did not affect the milk composition but induced modifications in the fatty acid profiles in both milk and cheese with an increase in concentration of linoleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and total n-6 fatty acids. Moreover, after 30 days of cheese ripening, an increased oxidative stability and an increased concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a general improvement in nutritional parameters of milk and related cheese obtained from Friesian cows that received the feeding enrichment with dried grape pomace. Further analysis should be performed to improve knowledge of the chemical and microbiological mechanisms at the source of these findings. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Maio
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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49
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Chedea VS, Palade LM, Pelmus RS, Dragomir C, Taranu I. Red Grape Pomace Rich in Polyphenols Diet Increases the Antioxidant Status in Key Organs-Kidneys, Liver, and Spleen of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040149. [PMID: 30959837 PMCID: PMC6524171 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grape pomace (GP) is a residue generated by the wine industry that is produced in large quantities. This work aims to describe the beneficial effects replacing 5% of the corn in the diet of piglets with grape pomace. GP, besides other components, contains some important bioactive compounds called polyphenols. The study shows that the polyphenols from a 5% grape pomace diet are absorbed into the blood of piglets that receive it. These bioactive molecules have a beneficial action on the health status of the animals and also increase the antioxidant activity in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, which are key organs in the metabolism of the nutrients. Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of a diet containing 5% dried GP on the antioxidant status (total antioxidant status (TAS), antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase-CAT, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and gluthatione peroxidase-GPx), and lipid peroxidation) on the key organs of the liver, kidneys, and spleen in relation to health status as indicated by blood biochemical parameters and total polyphenol content in the blood, organs (liver, spleen, kidney, mesenteric lymph nodes, heart, and brain) and Longissimus dorsi muscle in piglets. The GP diet results in a significant increase of TAS in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, with increased CAT activity in the spleen and kidneys, increased SOD activity in the liver, kidneys, and spleen, and increased GPx activity in the kidneys, as well as a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys. The GP included in the piglets’ feed contained polyphenols that showed antioxidant activity and were absorbed in the plasma, contributing to maintaining the good health of the animals. The inclusion of 5% GP inclusion in the diets of piglets is beneficial for overall normal blood constituent metabolism and helps to maintain piglet health by increasing the polyphenol content in blood plasma and antioxidant activity in the liver, spleen, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Laurentiu Mihai Palade
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Rodica Stefania Pelmus
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Catalin Dragomir
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
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Iannaccone M, Elgendy R, Giantin M, Martino C, Giansante D, Ianni A, Dacasto M, Martino G. RNA Sequencing-Based Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Friesian Cattle Fed with Grape Pomace-Supplemented Diet. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8110188. [PMID: 30360570 PMCID: PMC6262483 DOI: 10.3390/ani8110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grape pomace (GPO) is an important source of polyphenols which are known to have antioxidant properties. In the past decade, GPO has received some attention as a bioactive dietary component in farm animals’ diet. In this study, we have analyzed the whole-transcriptome of Friesian calves fed with a GPO-supplemented diet using RNA-sequencing. We noted that the most affected pathway was the cholesterol lipid biosynthesis and this effect was consistent with a reduction in both serum cholesterol and lipid oxidation in the carcasses. This study provides evidence on the antioxidant property of GPO-supplemented diet, from a molecular biology standpoint. Abstract Grape pomace (GPO), the main by-product of the wine making process, is a rich source of polyphenols with potent antioxidant properties. Recently, GPO has emerged as a potential feed additive in livestock nutrition, with several reports describing its beneficial effects on animals’ overall health status or production traits. However, little is known about it from a molecular biology standpoint. In the present study, we report the first RNA sequencing-based whole-transcriptome profiling of Friesian calves fed with a GPO-supplemented diet. We identified 367 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05) in the GPO-supplemented calves (n = 5), when compared with unsupplemented control group (n = 5). The pathway analysis showed that ‘cholesterol lipid biosynthesis’ was the most negatively-enriched (p < 0.001) pathway in the GPO-supplemented animals. In specific terms, five important genes coding for cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes, namely the Farnesyl-diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT-1), Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE), NAD(P)-dependent Steroid Dehydrogenase-like (NSDHL), Methylsterol Monooxygenase (MSMO)-1, and Sterol-C5-desaturase (SC5D), two major transcription factors (the Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Factor 1 and 2), as well as the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), were all downregulated following GPO supplementation. Such an effect was mirrored by a reduction of blood cholesterol levels (p = 0.07) and a lowered (p < 0.001) Malondialdehyde (lipid oxidation marker) level in carcasses. We provide evidence on the effects of GPO-supplemented diets on the whole-transcriptome signature in veal calves, which mainly reflects an antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannaccone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Daniele Giansante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italia.
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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