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Farouk MM, Zhang R, Jenkinson DI, Realini CE. Tailoring meat products for the elderly: A comprehensive review. Meat Sci 2024; 219:109669. [PMID: 39303346 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The population of the elderly is projected to grow significantly in most of the developed countries in the near future. This should earn this demographic the title of 'Consumer of the future'. Meat has high quality proteins and essential vitamins which are important for all demographics but more so for the elderly due to their susceptibility to sarcopenia. This review explored the landscape of meat research and product development that meets the distinctive requirements of the elderly, drawing from published refereed articles, industry reports, and unpublished grey literature. The review emphasised the importance of understanding the evolving dietary and sensory requirements associated with ageing and how they intersect with meat consumption. One notable aspect observed is the diversity within the elderly population, which underscores the necessity for tailored approaches in meat product development to cater to the varying preferences and nutritional needs of different individuals. This review also highlights the ongoing efforts in developing meat-based products that span a spectrum of consistencies, ranging from solid to liquid forms, to accommodate the diverse needs of elderly consumers. Despite these advancements, the review found a discrepancy between the pace of meat product development for the elderly and the rapid advancements in kitchen-level technologies and suggests that further research is needed to bridge this gap and align product innovation with emerging technological trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Farouk
- Food Technology & Processing, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Renyu Zhang
- Food Technology & Processing, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | | | - Carolina E Realini
- Food Technology & Processing, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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2
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He W, Connolly ED, Cross HR, Wu G. Dietary protein and amino acid intakes for mitigating sarcopenia in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38803274 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2348549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Adult humans generally experience a 0.5-1%/year loss in whole-body skeletal muscle mass and a reduction of muscle strength by 1.5-5%/year beginning at the age of 50 years. This results in sarcopenia (aging-related progressive losses of skeletal muscle mass and strength) that affects 10-16% of adults aged ≥ 60 years worldwide. Concentrations of some amino acids (AAs) such as branched-chain AAs, arginine, glutamine, glycine, and serine are reduced in the plasma of older than young adults likely due to insufficient protein intake, reduced protein digestibility, and increased AA catabolism by the portal-drained viscera. Acute, short-term, or long-term administration of some of these AAs or a mixture of proteinogenic AAs can enhance blood flow to skeletal muscle, activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin cell signaling pathway for the initiation of muscle protein synthesis, and modulate the metabolic activity of the muscle. In addition, some AA metabolites such as taurine, β-alanine, carnosine, and creatine have similar physiological effects on improving muscle mass and function in older adults. Long-term adequate intakes of protein and the AA metabolites can aid in mitigating sarcopenia in elderly adults. Appropriate combinations of animal- and plant-sourced foods are most desirable to maintain proper dietary AA balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Erin D Connolly
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H Russell Cross
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Zhu Y, Mierau JO, Bakker SJL, Dekker LH, Navis GJ. Sarcopenia augments the risk of excess weight on COVID-19 hospitalization: A prospective study using the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort. Nutrition 2024; 121:112361. [PMID: 38367316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of sarcopenia alone, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenic overweight or obesity with COVID-19 hospitalization. METHODS Participants from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort who were infected with COVID-19 were included in this study. Sarcopenia was defined as a relative deviation of muscle mass of ≤ -1.0 SD from the sex-specific mean 24-h urinary creatinine excretion. Overweight or obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Sarcopenic overweight or obesity was defined as the presence of overweight or obesity and low muscle mass. COVID-19 hospitalization was self-reported. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of sarcopenia alone, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenic overweight or obesity with COVID-19 hospitalization. RESULTS Of the 3594 participants infected with COVID-19 and recruited in this study, 173 had been admitted to the hospital. Compared with the reference group, individuals with overweight or obesity and sarcopenic overweight or obesity were 1.78-times and 2.09-times more likely to have been hospitalized for COVID-19, respectively, whereas sarcopenia alone did not increase the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS In this middle-aged population, sarcopenic overweight or obesity elevated the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 in those infected with COVID-19 more than overweight or obesity alone. These data support the relevance of sarcopenic overweight or obesity as a risk factor beyond the geriatric setting and should be considered in risk stratification in future public health and vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jochen O Mierau
- Team Strategy and External Relations, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise H Dekker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Khoonin W, Shantavasinkul PC, Santivarangkna C, Praengam K, Trachootham D. Eicosapentaenoic acid and branched-chain amino acids fortified complete nutrition drink improved muscle strength in older individuals with inadequate protein intake. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1164469. [PMID: 37457975 PMCID: PMC10349202 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1164469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated inflammation and negative nutritional balance contribute to sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. This study investigated the effect of energy supplementation and the combination of anti-inflammatory factor (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and muscle-synthesis promotor (branched-chain amino acids; BCAA) on body composition, muscle, and inflammatory biomarkers in elderly with inadequate protein intake. Methods A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 84 elderly with inadequate protein intake. The participants were randomly assigned into four groups receiving a complete nutrition drink; (1) control formula, (2) fortified with 2.2 g EPA, (3) with 2.2 g EPA and 5 g BCAA (2:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val), and (4) with 2.2 g EPA plus 5g BCAA (4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val). Each subject consumed two sachets of the drink to gain 500 kcal/day and performed arm muscle exercises for 3 weeks. Body compositions and handgrip strength were measured using BIA and a dynamometer, respectively. Plasma EPA and BCAA levels were determined using LC-MS/MS to ensure compliance. Muscle protein biomarkers including histidine, β-alanine, and carnosine were measured using LC-MS/MS. Serum inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were measured by using ELISA. Results No symptoms and signs of adverse events were observed. The right arm muscle mass and handgrip strength were significantly increased after consuming a complete nutrition drink fortified with EPA + BCAA 2:1:1 and 4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. Consistently, consuming such combinatory formula non-significantly elevated carnosine with reduced histidine, and increased IL-10 with decreased IL-6. All relevant intervention groups showed a significant increase in plasma levels of BCAA and EPA. Conclusion Consuming a complete nutrition drink fortified with 2.2g EPA and 5g BCAA 2:1:1 or 4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val for 3 weeks may increase right arm muscle mass and strength in elderly with inadequate protein intake. The tendency of increased dipeptide (carnosine)/decreased free amino acid (histidine) suggests a shift toward muscle protein synthesis. The trend of decreased inflammatory/increased anti-inflammatory cytokines suggests an anti-inflammatory effect. Future long-term studies are warranted to confirm the combinatory effect of BCAA and EPA in the prevention of sarcopenia. Clinical trial registration Thailand Clinical Trial Registry No. TCTR20230116005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Khoonin
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kemika Praengam
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Siefkas AC, Millar CL, Dufour AB, Kiel DP, Jacques PF, Hannan MT, Sahni S. Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated With Frailty in Adults From the Framingham Heart Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:729-739.e1. [PMID: 36108932 PMCID: PMC10652358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrients, including protein, calcium, and fat may be associated with risk of frailty, yet specific contributions from whole dairy foods rich in these nutrients remain understudied. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between dairy intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, total (milk + yogurt + cheese), low-fat and high-fat dairy, and servings per week) and frailty onset and frailty phenotype components. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. All dairy intake exposures (servings per week) were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants (aged 33 to 86 years) from the Framingham Offspring Study who were not frail at baseline (1998-2001) completed a food frequency questionnaire and had 1 or 2 follow-up frailty assessments (2005-2008 and 2011-2014) were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frailty was defined as the presence of ≥3 Fried frailty phenotype components: unintentional weight-loss, exhaustion, slowness (gait speed), weakness (grip strength), and low physical activity. Individuals with zero to two components were considered nonfrail. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Repeated measures logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% CIs for frailty onset. Logistic (exhaustion and weight loss) and linear regression (gait speed, grip strength, and physical activity) estimated the association between baseline dairy intake and each frailty component at follow-up, adjusting for baseline values for age, sex, energy intake (residual analysis), current smoking, and multivitamin use. Models were further adjusted for health status in a secondary analysis. RESULTS Mean baseline age ± SD was 61 ± 9 years (range = 33 to 87 years), and 54% were women. Of 2,550 nonfrail individuals at baseline, 8.8% (2005-2008) and 13.5% (2011-2014) became frail. Higher yogurt intake was associated with decreased odds of frailty (odds ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99; P = 0.02). Each additional serving of yogurt (β ± SE) .004 ± .001; P < 0.01) and low-fat dairy (β ± SE) .001 ± .0006; P = 0.04) was associated with significantly faster follow-up gait speed. Dietary intakes of high-fat dairy were associated with increased odds of frailty (odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04; P = 0.05), but the P value was of borderline significance. No associations were observed for other dairy foods. After adjusting for health status, the associations of high-fat dairy and yogurt with frailty became nonsignificant, although the magnitudes of the associations did not change. The association between yogurt and gait speed decreased in magnitude after adjusting for health status (β ± SE) .002 ± .001; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Dietary intakes of yogurt were modestly associated with reduced frailty onset and dietary intakes of high-fat dairy had a borderline association with increased odds of frailty, but other dairy food intakes showed no association in this study of healthy adults. Some dairy food intakes were modestly associated with follow-up gait speed. However, effect sizes were small, and the clinical importance of these associations remains undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Siefkas
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney L Millar
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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The association between meat consumption and muscle strength index in young adults: the mediating role of total protein intake and lean mass percentage. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:673-683. [PMID: 36184663 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the consumption of different types of meat and the muscle strength index (MSI) and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by total protein intake (TPI) and lean mass percentage (LM%) in young adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with first-year university students from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Different types of meat consumption (total, red, processed, and white and fish) were separately evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. MSI was determined from the handgrip and standing long jump tests. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences in MSI by categories of meat consumption. Serial multiple mediation models were used to explore the mediating role of TPI and LM% in the relationship between meat consumption and MSI. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic level, identified through a directed acyclic graph. Additional analyses were performed with a small subsample including alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and total energy intake as covariates in the multiple mediation models. RESULTS A total of 230 students (mean age 21.1 ± 2.1 years, 66.5% women) were included in the analysis. Young adults with higher meat consumption (total, red, and white and fish) had higher MSI adjusted means than their peers with lower meat consumption (p < 0.05). These associations did not remain after controlling for TPI and LM%. In adjusted mediation analyses, a significant indirect effect was observed through TPI and LM% in the associations between each of the types of meat consumption and MSI. In the additional analyses, a greater effect of white and fish meat consumption on muscle strength through mediation of TPI and LM% was reported compared to red or processed meat consumption, and no significant effects were observed between processed meat consumption and MSI. CONCLUSION Higher consumption of total, red, and white and fish meat was associated with increased MSI in young adults. TPI and LM% mediated this relationship.
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Gungor O, Kara AV, Hasbal NB, Zadeh KK. Dietary protein and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: new insights. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:226-234. [PMID: 36942878 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Muscle wasting is an important health problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Protein restriction in the diet can be one of the main causes of muscle wasting in this population. In this review, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary protein intake and muscle wasting in CKD patients according to recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS The one of the main mechanisms responsible for the muscle wasting is the disturbances in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Muscle wasting primarily occurs when the rates of muscle protein breakdown exceed the muscle protein synthesis. Dietary protein intake represents an important role by causing a potent anabolic stimulus resulting a positive muscle protein balance. Compared to studies made in healthy populations, there are very limited studies in the literature about the relationship between dietary protein intake and muscle wasting in the CKD population. Majority of the studies showed that a more liberal protein intake is beneficial for muscle wasting in especially advanced CKD and hemodialysis population. SUMMARY Although evaluating muscle wasting in CKD patients, the amount of protein in the diet of patients should also be reviewed. Although excessive protein intake has some negative consequences on this patient group, a more liberated dietary protein intake should be taken into account in this patient group with muscle wasting and especially in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Gungor
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras
| | - Ali Veysel Kara
- Department of Nephrology, Binali Yildirim University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan
| | | | - Kamyar Kalantar Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
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van der Heijden I, Monteyne AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:206-230. [PMID: 35960188 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal-derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown "meat") to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Tuttiett ER, Ioannou E, Wijnhoven HA, Corfe BM, Williams EA. Adaptation and validation of a protein intake screening tool for a UK adult population. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e100. [PMID: 36405091 PMCID: PMC9672832 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate dietary protein intake is important in human subjects for maintaining muscle turnover, determining the protein content of tissues and thus the preservation of muscle mass and function as we age. A screening tool to assess if an older individual is likely to have a lower dietary protein intake (predicted probability of protein intake ≤1⋅0 g/kg per d), has been developed for a Netherlands dietary profile, but this has not been validated in a UK population. This study aimed to adapt and then validate the protein screening tool for use in a UK population. Amendment of the tool was undertaken using data from UK BioBank and the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey to reflect protein sources in the UK diet. Validation of the amended version of the protein screener screening tool was conducted using protein intake derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a sample of UK adults (n = 184) (age range 18-91 years) as the reference standard. Using the FFQ, 40 % of respondents (n = 74) reported a protein intake of ≤1⋅0 g per kg body mass. The discriminative accuracy of the amended screener was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve for the ROC was 0⋅731 (95 % CI 0⋅657, 0⋅805), indicating that the amended screener may be a valid tool to screen for individuals consuming ≤1⋅0 g/kg adjusted BM/d in an adult UK population. This protein screener tool is a potential method to screen individuals with a likelihood of habitually consuming protein intakes of ≤1⋅0 g/kg per d. Further validation is needed using a more robust dietary intake methodology and for specific groups, such as older adults. The screener may be applicable across healthcare, clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme R. Tuttiett
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Elysa Ioannou
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Hanneke A.H. Wijnhoven
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M. Corfe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Williams
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Domić J, Grootswagers P, van Loon LJC, de Groot LCPGM. Perspective: Vegan Diets for Older Adults? A Perspective On the Potential Impact On Muscle Mass and Strength. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:712-725. [PMID: 35108354 PMCID: PMC9156387 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly encouraged to consume more plant-based foods and lower their consumption of foods from animal origin. Concurrently, older adults are recommended to consume an adequate amount of high-quality dietary protein for the prevention of age-related muscle loss. In the current Perspective article, we discuss why it may not be preferred to consume a vegan diet at an older age. Our perspective is based on the proposed lower bioavailability and functionality of proteins in a vegan diet due to the matrix of the whole-food protein sources, the lower essential amino acid (EAA) content, and specific EAA deficiencies in proteins derived from plant-based foods. We propose that a vegan diet increases the risk of an inadequate protein intake at an older age and that current strategies to improve the anabolic properties of plant-based foods are not feasible for many older adults. We provide recommendations for further research to substantiate the remaining knowledge gaps regarding the consequences of a vegan diet on skeletal muscle mass and strength at an older age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pol Grootswagers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Institute of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Clinical and Dietary Determinants of Muscle Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225227. [PMID: 34830509 PMCID: PMC8623198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with a progressively higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify modifiable targets for intervention of muscle mass in type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 375 patients of the Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente-1 study. Muscle mass was estimated by 24 h urinary creatinine excretion rate (CER, mmol/24 h). Patients were divided in sex-stratified tertiles of CER. To study determinants of CER, multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. Protein intake was determined by Maroni formula and by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. The mean CER was 16.1 ± 4.8 mmol/24 h and 10.9 ± 2.9 mmol/24 h in men and women, respectively. Lower CER was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001) as a non-modifiable risk factor, whereas higher BMI (p = 0.015) and lower dietary protein intake (both methods p < 0.001) were identified as modifiable risk factors for lower CER. Overall body mass index (BMI) was high, even in the lowest CER tertile the mean BMI was 30.9 kg/m2, mainly driven by someone’s body weight (p = 0.004) instead of someone’s height (p = 0.58). In the total population, 28% did not achieve adequate protein intake of >0.8 g/kg/day, with the highest percentage in the lowest CER tertile (52%, p < 0.001). Among patients with type 2 diabetes treated in secondary care, higher BMI and low dietary protein intake are modifiable risk factors for lower muscle mass. Considering the risk associated with low muscle mass, intervention may be useful. To that purpose, dietary protein intake and BMI are potential targets for intervention.
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Yang M, Zhang Q, Ruan GT, Tang M, Zhang X, Song MM, Zhang XW, Zhang KP, Ge YZ, Shi HP. Association Between Serum Creatinine Concentrations and Overall Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Multi-Center Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710423. [PMID: 34692487 PMCID: PMC8529284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies throughout the world, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies reported that serum creatinine (Scr) concentrations were associated with overall survival (OS) in cancer patients, but little is known about the association between Scr and OS in patients with CRC. This study investigated the relationship between Scr concentrations and OS in patients with CRC and examined possible effect modifiers. Methods A retrospective cohort, including 1,733 patients with CRC, was established from a multi-center clinical study. Patients were divided into low (<71 μmol/L in men or <59 μmol/L in women), normal (71-104 μmol/L in men or 59-85 μmol/L in women) and high (>104 μmol/L in men or >85 μmol/L in women) Scr groups. Cox regression analysis was used to examine association between Scr concentrations and OS. Stratified (subgroup) analyses were used to examine men and women separately. Interaction tests were used to evaluate associations between each variable and OS, as well as possible interactions of these variables with Scr levels. Cross-classified analyses were used only in men. Results Patients with low [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-1.72; P < 0.001] or high (HR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.36-2.63; P < 0.001) Scr level had a significantly lower OS than patients with normal Scr levels. Significant interactions with Scr concentrations were observed for body mass index (P for interaction = 0.019) in men. Conclusion Low or high Scr concentration is associated with significantly lower OS in patients with CRC. Future study is warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Kang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Department of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
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13
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Said MY, Rodriguez-Niño A, Post A, Schutten JC, Kieneker LM, Gomes-Neto AW, van Londen M, Osté MC, Borgonjen-van den Berg KJ, Nolte IM, van den Berg E, de Blaauw P, van der Krogt J, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Navis G, Yard BA, Bakker SJ. Meat intake and risk of mortality and graft failure in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1505-1517. [PMID: 34091671 PMCID: PMC8488867 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether meat intake is beneficial for long-term patient and graft survival in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). OBJECTIVES We first investigated the association of the previously described meat intake biomarkers 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine with intake of white and red meat as estimated from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Second, we investigated the association of the meat intake biomarkers with long-term outcomes in KTR. METHODS We measured 24-h urinary excretion of 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine by validated assays in a cohort of 678 clinically stable KTR. Cross-sectional associations were assessed by linear regression. We used Cox regression analyses to prospectively study associations of log2-transformed biomarkers with mortality and graft failure. RESULTS Urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine excretion values were median: 282; interquartile range (IQR): 132-598 µmol/24 h and median: 231; IQR: 175-306 µmol/24 h, respectively. Urinary 1-methylhistidine was associated with white meat intake [standardized β (st β): 0.20; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.28; P < 0.001], whereas urinary 3-methylhistidine was associated with red meat intake (st β: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.38; P < 0.001). During median follow-up for 5.4 (IQR: 4.9-6.1) y, 145 (21%) died and 83 (12%) developed graft failure. Urinary 3-methylhistidine was inversely associated with mortality independently of potential confounders (HR per doubling: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.72; P < 0.001). Both urinary 1-methylhistidine and urinary 3-methylhistidine were inversely associated with graft failure independent of potential confounders (HR per doubling: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96; P = 0.01; and 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.85; P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High urinary 3-methylhistidine, reflecting higher red meat intake, is independently associated with lower risk of mortality. High urinary concentrations of both 1- and 3-methylhistidine, of which the former reflects higher white meat intake, are independently associated with lower risk of graft failure in KTR. Future intervention studies are warranted to study the effect of high meat intake on mortality and graft failure in KTR, using these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yusof Said
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joelle C Schutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lyanne M Kieneker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio W Gomes-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van Londen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryse Cj Osté
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Else van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Blaauw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer van der Krogt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Kidney Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benito A Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Jl Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Kidney Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Santos CS, Oliveira Júnior ES, Lopes de Sá MJ, Esteves EA. The anabolic role of plant-based proteins in response to chronic resistance exercise. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2021. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v11i3.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is essential to prevent sarcopenia and ensure health and quality of life as aging progress. The two determinants of muscle protein synthesis are the increased load on skeletal muscle through resistance exercise and protein intake. For an effective result of maintaining or increasing muscle mass, it is relevant to consider the quantitative and adequate intake of protein, and the dietary source of protein since the plant-based protein has differences in comparison to animals that limit its anabolic capacity. Given the increase in vegetarianism and the elderly population, which consumes fewer food sources of animal protein, the importance of understanding how protein of plant-based protein can sustain muscle protein synthesis in the long term when associated with resistance exercise is justified, as well as the possibilities of dietary adequacy in the face of this demand.
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15
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Jun S, Cowan AE, Dwyer JT, Campbell WW, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Gahche JJ, Bailey RL. Dietary Protein Intake Is Positively Associated with Appendicular Lean Mass and Handgrip Strength among Middle-Aged US Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3755-3763. [PMID: 34494110 PMCID: PMC8826630 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, can begin in the 4th decade of life. Protein intake predicts skeletal muscle mass and strength among older adults, but knowledge of similar associations among middle-aged adults is lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess associations between protein intake and skeletal muscle mass, characterized by appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI [in kg/m2 (ALMBMI)], and muscle strength, represented by handgrip strength adjusted for BMI (GSMAXBMI), among middle-aged adults. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1209 men and 1208 women aged 40-59 y in the 2011-2014 NHANES. Protein intake per kilogram actual body weight (BW), assessed by two 24-h recalls, was examined as continuous and categorical parameters [low (<RDA, 0.8 g/kg BW), moderate (≥RDA, <1.2 g/kg BW), and high (≥1.2 g/kg BW)]. ALM was measured using DXA, and GSMAX was measured using handgrip dynamometer. "Low lean mass" and "weakness" were defined using NIH criteria for ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS Among middle-aged adults, 15.6% of men and 13.4% of women had low lean mass and 3.5% of men and 2.3% of women exhibited weakness. Protein intakes per kilogram BW were positively associated with ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI among men and women after adjustment for age, race/Hispanic origin, physical activity, and self-rated health. Compared with the moderate protein group, the high protein group had a higher GSMAXBMI and the low protein group had a lower GSMAXBMI among men and women. The low protein group had a lower ALMBMI (women) and had a higher OR for low lean mass (men) compared with the moderate protein group. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein intakes were associated with greater ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI in this representative sample of US middle-aged adults. Our findings highlight the need for further research on dietary protein as a potential modifying factor of sarcopenia risk in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra E Cowan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Nikolov J, Norman K, Buchmann N, Spranger J, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Spira D, Mai K. Association between meal-specific daily protein intake and lean mass in older adults: results of the cross-sectional BASE-II study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1141-1147. [PMID: 33963728 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate total and meal-specific protein intake is considered an important prerequisite to preserve appendicular lean mass (ALM) in older adults and to prevent sarcopenia. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the meal-specific protein intake across the main meals between participants with normal vs. low ALM to BMI ratio (ALMBMI). METHODS 782 participants [59.6% men; median 69 (IQR: 65, 71) y] of the Berlin Aging Study II have been included in this analysis. ALM was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Low lean mass was defined as ALMBMI using recommended sex-specific cut-offs. A 5-day nutritional protocol was used to assess total and meal-specific protein intake. RESULTS Median total protein intake was 0.89 (IQR: 0.74, 1.05) g/kg/d body weight (BW) in participants with low ALMBMI and 1.02 (IQR: 0.86, 1.21) g/kg BW in participants with normal ALMBMI (P < 0.001). Daily protein intake at breakfast was similar in both groups [0.23 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.26) vs. 0.24 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.26) g/kg BW; P = 0.245]. Subjects with low ALMBMI reported a lower protein intake at lunch and dinner compared with those with normal ALMBMI [0.29 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.32) vs. 0.35 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.36) g/kg BW; P = 0.001 and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.35) vs. 0.36 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.37) g/kg BW; P = 0.027, respectively]. In a stepwise regression model, a higher total protein intake was positively associated with ALMBMI [ß = 0.10 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.13) P < 0.001]. The protein intake at dinner was positively associated with ALMBMI [ß = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.19) P < 0.001] irrespective of protein intake at breakfast and lunch. This association disappeared after additional adjustment for total protein intake. CONCLUSION Our data highlight an association of total protein intake and ALMBMI in older adults. Although current data support an association of high ALMBMI with protein intake at dinner in particular, this was not independent from total protein intake and the findings do not allow a conclusion on causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivko Nikolov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Intensive Care Unit, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin Tempelhof, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Buchmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Spira
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
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17
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Jayawardena TU, Kim SY, Jeon YJ. Sarcopenia; functional concerns, molecular mechanisms involved, and seafood as a nutritional intervention - review article. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1983-2003. [PMID: 34459311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1969889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental basis for the human function is provided by skeletal muscle. Advancing age causes selective fiber atrophy, motor unit loss, and hybrid fiber formation resulting in hampered mass and strength, thus referred to as sarcopenia. Influence on the loss of independence of aged adults, contribute toward inclined healthcare costs conveys the injurious impact. The current understating of age-related skeletal muscle changes are addressed in this review, and further discusses mechanisms regulating protein turnover, although they do not completely define the process yet. Moreover, the reduced capacity of muscle regeneration due to impairment of satellite cell activation and proliferation with neuronal, immunological, hormonal factors were brought into the light of attention. Nevertheless, complete understating of sarcopenia requires disentangling it from disuse and disease. Nutritional intervention is considered a potentially preventable factor contributing to sarcopenia. Seafood is a crucial player in the fight against hunger and malnutrition, where it consists of macro and micronutrients. Hence, the review shed light on seafood as a nutritional intrusion in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. Understanding multiple factors will provide therapeutic targets in the prevention, treatment, and overcoming adverse effects of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Division of Practical Application, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo-si, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
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18
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Shanmugam H, Mérida-Ortega Á, Cebrián ME, Gamboa-Loira B, López-Carrillo L. Dietary fiber intake and urinary creatinine: methodological implications for epidemiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29643-29649. [PMID: 33569685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine values are used to estimate renal function and to correct for urinary dilution in exposure assessment studies. Interindividual variability in urinary creatinine (UCR) is determined positively by protein intake and negatively by age and diabetes. These factors, among others, need to be accounted for, to increase comparability throughout epidemiological studies. Recently, dietary fiber has been shown to improve renal function. This study aims to evaluate dietary fiber intake relationship with UCR and its methodological implications for studies using UCR-corrected measurements. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed information regarding UCR, dietary fiber, age, and other UCR-related factors in 801 women residing in Northern Mexico during 2007-2009. The median fiber intake in this population was 33.14 g/day, above the adequate intake level for women > 18 years. We estimated an age-adjusted increase of 10.04 mg/dL UCR for a 10 g/day increase in dietary fiber intake. The main dietary sources of fiber in this population were corn tortillas, raw onions, flour tortillas, and beans. Our results suggest that epidemiological studies adjusting analytes by UCR should also consider controlling dietary fiber intake to improve the comparability of creatinine-corrected values and associations across different populations, such as those in Mexico and Latin America, where protein and fiber intake vary significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Shanmugam
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Department of Biology, Boston College, MA, USA
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán C.P, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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19
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[Nutritional labeling and amino acid profile in high protein Chilean dairy products: a new alternative for health and sports]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1075-1087. [PMID: 34044575 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION protein is an essential nutrient that can be obtained through different food sources. In recent years, a growing development in the food industry of dairy products with higher protein content has emerged in the national market. Métodos: the present work analyzed the nutritional information, protein content, and amino acid profile of high protein yogurts. Five main brands of high-protein yogurt (PY) were selected, as was a sample of regular yogurt (RY), and one of whey protein isolate (WP), which underwent a proximal analysis and amino acid profile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS it was observed that the protein content of the analyzed YP ranged between 7.2 and 15.1 g/portion, representing 6.8 % to 11 % of total content, twice the content of YBAT (3,4 %). Regarding carbohydrates and fats, these were found to range between 6.25 and 13.5 g/serving and 0.9 and 5.3 g/serving, respectively. Leucine content of the PY varied between 0.6 and 1.5 g/portion, which was higher than RY (0.3 g/portion) and lower than WP (2.2 g/portion). The sum of essential amino acids was found to be between 3 and 6.9 g/portion in PY, 1.7 in PY, and 8.5 in WP. DISCUSSION these results show that PYs are a good alternative to promote a correct protein intake, similar to proteins for sports use, so their recommendation could be useful to promote consumption in different populations according to their needs.
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20
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Aldaya MM, Ibañez FC, Domínguez-Lacueva P, Murillo-Arbizu MT, Rubio-Varas M, Soret B, Beriain MJ. Indicators and Recommendations for Assessing Sustainable Healthy Diets. Foods 2021; 10:999. [PMID: 34063236 PMCID: PMC8147455 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research coupling human nutrition and sustainability concerns is a rapidly developing field, which is essential to guide governments' policies. This critical and comprehensive review analyzes indicators and approaches to "sustainable healthy diets" published in the literature since this discipline's emergence a few years ago, identifying robust gauges and highlighting the flaws of the most commonly used models. The reviewed studies largely focus on one or two domains such as greenhouse gas emissions or water use, while overlooking potential impact shifts to other sectors or resources. The present study covers a comprehensive set of indicators from the health, environmental and socio-economic viewpoints. This assessment concludes that in order to identify the best food option in sustainability assessments and nutrition analysis of diets, some aspects such as the classification and disaggregation of food groups, the impacts of the rates of local food consumption and seasonality, preservation methods, agrobiodiversity and organic food and different production systems, together with consequences for low-income countries, require further analysis and consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite M. Aldaya
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Francisco C. Ibañez
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | | | - María Teresa Murillo-Arbizu
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Mar Rubio-Varas
- Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Soret
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - María José Beriain
- Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in the Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Jerónimo de Ayanz Building, Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (F.C.I.); (M.T.M.-A.); (B.S.); (M.J.B.)
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21
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Wagenaar CA, Dekker LH, Navis GJ. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenic overweight in the general population: The lifelines cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4422-4429. [PMID: 33485705 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined by a relatively low muscle mass in combination with obesity. Sarcopenic obesity was first noted as a health risk in geriatric populations but has recently been recognized as a scientific and clinical priority that may extend beyond geriatric settings. Obesity is generally preceded by overweight, so the prevalence and health risks of sarcopenia in those with overweight (SOW) is of interest for preventive purposes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the prevalence and determinants of SO and SOW in a general population. METHODS Participants (n = 119,494), aged 18-90 years were included from the Dutch Lifelines cohort study. Muscle mass was assessed by 24-h urine creatinine excretion and stratified for gender for analysis, and obesity was defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and overweight ≥25 kg/m2. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the relevant determinants of SO and SOW. RESULTS Respectively for men and women the prevalence of SO was 0.9% and 1.4%, and prevalence of SOW 6.5% and 6.0%. In subjects with sarcopenia, BMI was ≥25 kg/m2 in 45.5% and ≥30 kg/m2 in 6.1%. Overall females had a higher prevalence of SOW and SO in all age groups except for SOW in males between ages 40-59. Also, age was a significant determinant of SO and SOW, with a rise in prevalence as of age 50. Of all subjects with SO and SOW, respectively 82.5% and 80.4% were below the age of 70. Compared to those with no morbidities, the odds ratio of SO and SOW among participants with >3 comorbidities was 2.71 (95% CI: 1.62-4.54) and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.07-1.65) among males and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.79-1.65) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06-1.54) among females, independent of other determinants. Overall, an inverse association was found between SOW and SO and physical activity and macronutrient intake. CONCLUSION The results support the need for more awareness of SO beyond the field of geriatrics, in particular in subjects with comorbidities. SOW is more prevalent than SO and may provide opportunities for preventive strategies for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn A Wagenaar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Louise H Dekker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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22
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Pan X, Li X, Long J, Zhang H, Zhang J. Associations between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese University Staff. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239031. [PMID: 33287419 PMCID: PMC7730253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study examined the associations between health-related physical fitness (HPF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese university staff. METHODS A total of 340 university staff (109 women, mean age 43.1 ± 9.7 years) with overweight (n = 284) and obesity (n = 56) were included. The HPF indicators included skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), body fat percentage (BFP), grip strength (GS), sit-and-reach test (SRT), and vital capacity index (VCI). CVD risk factors were measured, including uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (GLU). RESULTS BFP, SMI, and GS were positively associated with UA level (β = 0.239, β = 0.159, β = 0.139, p < 0.05). BFP was positively associated with TG and TG/HDL-C levels (β = 0.421, β = 0.259, p < 0.05). GS was positively associated with HDL-C level (β = 0.244, p < 0.05). SRT was negatively associated with GLU level (β = -0.130, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In overweight and obese university staff, body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were associated with CVD risk factors. An HPF test may be a practical nonmedical method to assess CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Chen
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an 710119, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an 710119, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xinliang Pan
- School of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an 710119, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiamin Long
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an 710119, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an 710119, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an 710119, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-911-920-58
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23
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Important determinants to take into account to optimize protein nutrition in the elderly: solutions to a complex equation. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 80:207-220. [PMID: 33198824 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120007934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During ageing, skeletal muscle develops anabolic resistance towards the stimulation of protein synthesis induced by dietary amino acids. The stimulation of muscle protein synthesis after food intake remains insufficient, even with a protein intake recommended for healthy adults. This alteration is one of the mechanisms known to be responsible for the decrease of muscle mass and function during ageing, namely sarcopenia. Increasing dietary protein intake above the current RDA(0⋅83 g/kg/d) has been strongly suggested to overcome the anabolic resistance observed. It is also specified that the dietary protein ingested should be of good quality. A protein of good quality is a protein whose amino acid (AA) composition covers the requirement of each AA when ingested at the RDA. However, the biological value of proteins may vary among dietary sources in which AA composition could be unbalanced. In the present review, we suggest that the quality of a dietary protein is also related to several other determinants. These determinants include the speed of digestion of dietary proteins, the presence of specific AA, the food matrix in which the dietary proteins are included, the processes involved in the production of food products (milk gelation and cooking temperature), the energy supply and its nature, and the interaction between nutrients before ingestion. Particular attention is given to plant proteins for nutrition of the elderly. Finally, the timing of protein intake and its association with the desynchronized intake of energetic nutrients are discussed.
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24
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Tian Y, Zhong F, Li C, Wu C, Zou J, Wang Q, Song Z, Cui Y, Sun X, Huang C. Association Between Parental Socioeconomic Status and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Chinese College Students: Fitness Improvement Tactics in Youths (FITYou) Project. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2457-2467. [PMID: 33177901 PMCID: PMC7650838 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s266891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and skeletal muscle mass in Chinese college students. Methods A cross-sectional study including 2204 college freshmen was conducted in Shenyang, China. Data regarding body composition, health examinations, and a self-reported questionnaire were available from all the participants. Skeletal muscle mass assessment was completed by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Information on parental SES (educational levels, annual income, and occupational status) was collected via questionnaires. Covariance analysis was used to adjust for the confounding effects of sex, age, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol use, and sleep duration. Results Multivariate analysis showed that college freshmen with higher parental SES levels generally had higher skeletal muscle mass after adjustment for confounding factors (mean [95% confidence interval]: low, 42.4 [42.0, 42.8]; middle, 42.9 [42.6, 43.3]; high, 43.7 [43.4, 44.1], p for trend < 0.001). Similar results were observed for paternal and maternal SES (p for trend < 0.001, respectively), whereas association between paternal SES and youth muscle mass became non-significant after adjusting for maternal SES (p for trend = 0.077). Results also showed positive linear trends for skeletal muscle mass and paternal or maternal educational levels and annual income (p for trend < 0.001, respectively), but not for occupational status. Conclusion This study found a positive association between parental SES and skeletal muscle mass in Chinese college students. Compared to the normalization of height or weight, body mass index-adjusted skeletal muscle mass is more likely to be associated with SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Chunchun Wu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxue Song
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Cui
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Tagawa R, Watanabe D, Ito K, Ueda K, Nakayama K, Sanbongi C, Miyachi M. Dose-response relationship between protein intake and muscle mass increase: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:nuaa104. [PMID: 33300582 PMCID: PMC7727026 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Lean body mass is essential for health, yet consensus regarding the effectiveness of protein interventions in increasing lean body mass is lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the dose-response relationship of the effects of protein intake on lean body mass. DATA SOURCES The PubMed and Ichushi-Web databases were searched electronically, and reference lists of the literature included here and in other meta-analyses were searched manually. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of protein intake on lean body mass were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently screened the abstracts; 5 reviewed the full texts. RESULTS A total of 5402 study participants from 105 articles were included. In the multivariate spline model, the mean increase in lean body mass associated with an increase in protein intake of 0.1 g/kg of body weight per day was 0.39 kg (95%CI, 0.36-0.41) and 0.12 kg (95%CI, 0.11-0.14) below and above the total protein intake of 1.3 g/kg/d, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that slightly increasing current protein intake for several months by 0.1 g/kg/d in a dose-dependent manner over a range of doses from 0.5 to 3.5 g/kg/d may increase or maintain lean body mass. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION UMIN registration number UMIN000039285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Tagawa
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nakayama
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sanbongi
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Hagedoorn IJM, den Braber N, Oosterwijk MM, Gant CM, Navis G, Vollenbroek-Hutten MMR, van Beijnum BJF, Bakker SJL, Laverman GD. Low Physical Activity in Patients with Complicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Low Muscle Mass and Low Protein Intake. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103104. [PMID: 32992990 PMCID: PMC7601707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In order to promote physical activity (PA) in patients with complicated type 2 diabetes, a better understanding of daily movement is required. We (1) objectively assessed PA in patients with type 2 diabetes, and (2) studied the association between muscle mass, dietary protein intake, and PA. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses in all patients included in the Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT) between November 2016 and November 2018. Patients were divided into four groups: <5000, 5000–6999, 7000–9999, ≥ 10,000 steps/day. We studied the association between muscle mass (24 h urinary creatinine excretion rate, CER) and protein intake (by Maroni formula), and the main outcome variable PA (steps/day, Fitbit Flex device) using multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: In the 217 included patients, the median steps/day were 6118 (4115–8638). Of these patients, 48 patients (22%) took 7000–9999 steps/day, 37 patients (17%) took ≥ 10,000 steps/day, and 78 patients (36%) took <5000 steps/day. Patients with <5000 steps/day had, in comparison to patients who took ≥10,000 steps/day, a higher body mass index (BMI) (33 ± 6 vs. 30 ± 5 kg/m2, p = 0.009), lower CER (11.7 ± 4.8 vs. 14.8 ± 3.8 mmol/24 h, p = 0.001), and lower protein intake (0.84 ± 0.29 vs. 1.08 ± 0.22 g/kg/day, p < 0.001). Both creatinine excretion (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and dietary protein intake (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) were strongly associated with PA, which remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions: Prevalent insufficient protein intake and low muscle mass co-exist in obese patients with low physical activity. Dedicated intervention studies are needed to study the role of sufficient protein intake and physical activity in increasing or maintaining muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse J. M. Hagedoorn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (N.d.B); (M.M.O.); (M.M.R.V.-H.); (G.D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-44-019-033
| | - Niala den Braber
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (N.d.B); (M.M.O.); (M.M.R.V.-H.); (G.D.L.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Milou M. Oosterwijk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (N.d.B); (M.M.O.); (M.M.R.V.-H.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Christina M. Gant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.M.G.); (G.N); (S.J.L.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medisch Centrum, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.M.G.); (G.N); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Miriam M. R. Vollenbroek-Hutten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (N.d.B); (M.M.O.); (M.M.R.V.-H.); (G.D.L.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Bert-Jan F. van Beijnum
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.M.G.); (G.N); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Gozewijn D. Laverman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (N.d.B); (M.M.O.); (M.M.R.V.-H.); (G.D.L.)
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Coelho-Junior HJ, Marzetti E, Picca A, Cesari M, Uchida MC, Calvani R. Protein Intake and Frailty: A Matter of Quantity, Quality, and Timing. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2915. [PMID: 32977714 PMCID: PMC7598653 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that refers to a state of reduced resiliency to stressful events that occurs in response to physiological and/or psychosocial detriments. Frailty is a predictor of poor prognosis, given that frail older adults are at higher risk of many adverse health-related events. Hence, the identification of potential strategies to prevent the development and progression of frailty is of extreme importance for avoiding its negative outcomes. An adequate protein consumption is advocated as a possible intervention for the management of frailty in older adults due to its effects on muscle mass and physical function. However, empirical evidence is still needed to support this proposition. On the other hand, substantial evidence from observational studies has provided important information on the association between frailty and dietary protein-related parameters. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current literature regarding the association between protein intake (amount (how much?), quality (what type?), and distribution across meals (when?)) and frailty-related parameters. The ultimate aim of this work is to offer practical, evidence-based indications to healthcare professionals responsible for the care of frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio J. Coelho-Junior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, 083-851 Campinas-SP, Brazil;
- Mãe Mariana Nursing Home, Rehabilitation Unit, 08562-460 Poá-SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco C. Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, 083-851 Campinas-SP, Brazil;
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.)
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28
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Animal, Plant, Collagen and Blended Dietary Proteins: Effects on Musculoskeletal Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092670. [PMID: 32883033 PMCID: PMC7551889 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health, where appropriate intake (i.e., source, dose, timing) can mitigate declines in muscle and bone mass and/or function. Animal-derived protein is a potent anabolic source due to rapid digestion and absorption kinetics stimulating robust increases in muscle protein synthesis and promoting bone accretion and maintenance. However, global concerns surrounding environmental sustainability has led to an increasing interest in plant- and collagen-derived protein as alternative or adjunct dietary sources. This is despite the lower anabolic profile of plant and collagen protein due to the inferior essential amino acid profile (e.g., lower leucine content) and subordinate digestibility (versus animal). This review evaluates the efficacy of animal-, plant- and collagen-derived proteins in isolation, and as protein blends, for augmenting muscle and bone metabolism and health in the context of ageing, exercise and energy restriction.
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29
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So E, Joung H. Effect of Dairy Protein Intake on Muscle Mass among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2537. [PMID: 32825743 PMCID: PMC7551315 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study aimed to identify the associations of dairy protein intake with the risk of developing a low muscle mass during a 12-year follow-up period, using data from 4412 middle-aged Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants with a normal baseline muscle mass. Dairy protein intake at baseline was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), defined as the weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass, was measured biennially using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 395 subjects developed a low SMI (%) during an average follow-up of 141 (19-152) months. The average consumption of milk and other dairy products was 73.6 and 104.1 g/day, respectively. In men, a higher dairy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of developing a low SMI (tertile 3 [T3] vs. T1, HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.94; p for trend = 0.029). In a stratified analysis according to a total protein intake, this association was stronger in the lower-protein intake group (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99; p for trend = 0.036) but not detected in the higher-protein intake group. Men who consumed milk ≥1 time/day had a significantly lower risk of developing a low SMI (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98; p for trend = 0.023). No significant associations were observed in women. In summary, dairy consumption appears to be beneficial for decreasing the risk of developing a low muscle mass in middle-aged Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin So
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St, Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Rogers-Soeder TS, Peters KE, Lane NE, Shikany JM, Judd S, Langsetmo L, Hoffman AR, Evans WJ, Cawthon PM. Dietary Intake, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Appendicular Lean Mass in a Cohort of Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1353-1361. [PMID: 32556116 PMCID: PMC7302171 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men. METHODS Participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014-May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat. RESULTS Greater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Nondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Rogers-Soeder
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento
- True Health Center for Functional Medicine, El Dorado Hills, California
| | | | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Suzanne Judd
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco
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Nutrition, Health, and Disease: Role of Selected Marine and Vegetal Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030747. [PMID: 32168971 PMCID: PMC7146393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of new alternatives for disease prevention through the application of findings from dietary and food biotechnology is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. New nutritional trends and the need to meet social and health demands have inspired the concept of functional foods and nutraceuticals which, in addition to their overall nutritional value, present certain properties for the maintenance of health. However, these effects are not universal. Nutrigenetics describes how the genetic profile has an impact on the response of the body to bioactive food components by influencing their absorption, metabolism, and site of action. The EbioSea Program, for biomarine prospection, and the Blue Butterfly Program, for the screening of vegetable-derived bioproducts, have identified a new series of nutraceuticals, devoid of side effects at conventional doses, with genotype-dependent preventive and therapeutic activity. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics provide the opportunity to explore the inter-individual differences in the metabolism of and response to nutrients, achieving optimal results. This fact leads to the concept of personalized nutrition as opposed to public health nutrition. Consequently, the development and prescription of nutraceuticals according to the individual genetic profile is essential to improve their effectiveness in the prevention and natural treatment of prevalent diseases.
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Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020307. [PMID: 31991560 PMCID: PMC7071242 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and it is diagnosed by measurements of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Sarcopenia affects quality of life and is associated with several adverse health effects. Muscle decline is aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle and can be prevented through proper nutrition, together with adequate physical activity. Fish contains biologically active compounds, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamin D, magnesium, and carnitine, which are able to intervene positively on muscle metabolism. This narrative literature review was performed to evaluate evidence regarding the actual benefit of fish consumption in the prevention of sarcopenia and the positive action on the muscle mass of the biological compounds present in fish. The results demonstrated that fish consumption has a protective and anti-inflammatory function on skeletal muscle and that its biologically active compounds help to maintain good muscle performance, preventing sarcopenia. Considering the nutritional and health benefits, elderly with sarcopenia should consume at least three servings per week of fish in order to have a minimum intake of 4-4.59 g daily of omega 3, and reaching the 50% RDA in Vitamin E and D. High biological value of proteins in 150 g of fish and its high available magnesium (20% of RDA in 150 g of fish) are an added value that could suggest fish as a "functional food" in order to prevent and treat sarcopenia.
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Sarcopenia in relation to nutrition and lifestyle factors among middle-aged and older Korean adults with obesity. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3451-3460. [PMID: 31965294 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its association with nutrition and lifestyle factors. METHODS Data from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 3937 Korean individuals aged 40 years or older with obesity defined by the modified Asia-Pacific criteria (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were used. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight (%) of < 1 SD below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Logistic regression models were used for the associations controlling covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of SO was 52.5%. The SO group had insufficient energy intake, protein, and antioxidant micronutrients, a lower overall dietary quality, a lower physical activity, and higher rates of negative psychological factors than the non-sarcopenic obesity group (p < 0.05). After controlling for covariates, having high mean adequacy ratio scores which was calculated by averaging the sum of the nutrient adequacy ratios had a 94% lower prevalence of SO in the older individuals. Low participation in aerobic exercises had a 74% higher prevalence of SO in the older aged group, and high participation in flexibility exercises had a 11% lower prevalence of SO in the middle-aged group. Interestingly, negative psychological factors were found only in the middle-aged adults with SO (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia was present in over half of the middle-aged and older Korean adults with obesity. Having high dietary quality, increased physical activity, and positive psychological health were associated with a low prevalence of SO.
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Suthuvoravut U, Takahashi K, Murayama H, Tanaka T, Akishita M, Iijima K. Association between Traditional Japanese Diet Washoku and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the Kashiwa Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:282-289. [PMID: 32115609 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the dietary patterns among community-dwelling Japanese older adults and to explore the association between these patterns and sarcopenia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Kashiwa city, Chiba prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults (n = 1241) aged 65 years and over who were not eligible for long-term care. MEASUREMENTS Dietary intake was assessed using the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Dietary patterns were identified using both principal component analysis and the score on the Japanese diet comprising soybeans and soybean products, fish, vegetables, pickles, mushroom, seaweeds, and fruits. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed with sarcopenia status as the dependent variable after adjusting for economic status, living alone status, BMI, energy intake, multimorbidity, and physical activity. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 74.6 years, and 52.1% were male. According to AWGS criteria, 5.1% had sarcopenia. Three dietary patterns were identified from the principal component analysis. Dietary pattern 1 (DP1), showed high loadings for fish, tofu, vegetables, and fruits which are similar to the side dishes in a typical Japanese diet. Dietary pattern 2 (DP2) had high factor loadings for fish, rice, and miso soup which are main dishes in a typical Japanese diet. Dietary pattern 3 (DP3) had a high factor loading for noodles. Men with the lowest tertile of DP1 score had a higher likelihood of being sarcopenic (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-11.2). Women with the lowest tertile of DP2 score had a moderate likelihood of being sarcopenic (AOR 2.71, 95%CI 0.99-7.46). Low adherence to Japanese dietary pattern was associated with prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders. CONCLUSION Adherence to a dietary pattern high in foods characteristic of a Japanese diet including fish, soybean products, vegetables, and fruits was associated with low prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Suthuvoravut
- Katsuya Iijima, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Tel: +81-3-5841-1662, Fax: +81-3-5841-1662, E-mail:
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Glynn A, Lignell S. Increased urinary excretion of aluminium after ingestion of the food additive sodium aluminium phosphate (SALP) - a study on healthy volunteers. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1236-1243. [PMID: 31192767 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1626998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Food is an important source of human aluminium (Al) exposure and regular consumption of foods containing Al-based food additives may result in high Al intakes above health-based tolerable intakes. However, some additives are Al salts with low solubility, and little is known about bioavailability of Al in these additives. We investigated urine Al concentrations in healthy adult volunteers (N = 18, women/men) before (base-line) and after 7 days of ingestion of pancakes with a low Al content (median: <0.5 mg Al/kg) and high Al content (median: 860 mg/kg). The high-Al pancakes contained the common additive sodium aluminium phosphate (SALP). The participants did not know if the pancakes contained SALP or not during the experiment. After adjusting for creatinine content of the urine samples, median base-line Al concentrations before pancake ingestion were in the range 30-40 µmol Al/mol creatinine. Urine Al concentrations after ingestion of low-Al pancakes (average intake: <0.042 Al mg/day) did not differ significantly from the base-line levels. After ingestion of high-Al pancakes (72 mg Al/day) the median Al concentration in urine was more than 2-fold higher than at the base-line sampling before the high-Al pancake ingestion. At the end of the experiment the volunteers ingested an Al-containing antacid (Al-OH, 1800 mg Al/day) for 7 days as a positive control of Al absorption. This caused a 10-fold increase in median urine Al concentration compared to base-line. Our results strongly suggest that Al in the form of SALP in a pancake mix is bioavailable for absorption in humans, which should be taken into account in risk assessment of Al in food in countries with a high use of SALP as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Glynn
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sanna Lignell
- b Risk and Benefit Assessment Department, Swedish National Food Agency , Uppsala , Sweden
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High relative consumption of vegetable protein is associated with faster walking speed in well-functioning older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:837-844. [PMID: 31115875 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate nutrition and, especially, optimal protein intake are necessary to preserve physical function during aging. Increased consumption of animal-derived protein is often advocated as a strategy to support physical performance in old age. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support this claim. AIMS To assess the relationship of protein consumption and specific protein sources with physical function in older adults. METHODS Participants were community dwellers aged 60 years and older recruited in São Paulo, Brazil. Enrollees had their medical books reviewed and were evaluated for anthropometry, physical performance, and diet. Physical performance was evaluated by isometric handgrip strength and walking speed (WS) tests. Diet was assessed using a 24-h recall diary. RESULTS Ninety older adults were recruited (mean age: 68.0 ± 6.7 years; 87.0% women). Body weight-adjusted protein consumption was significantly associated with upper-limb muscle strength (r = 0.21; p < 0.05), but not with usual (r = 0.09; p > 0.05) or fast WS (r = 0.08; p > 0.05). Conversely, relative protein consumption was correlated with usual WS (r = 0.13; p < 0.05), while fast WS was negatively associated with relative animal protein intake (r = - 0.18; p < 0.05) and positively associated with relative plant-based protein ingestion (r = 0.15; p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Findings of the present study indicate that different measures of protein intake are associated with distinct components of physical function. In addition, high relative ingestion of vegetable protein is associated with faster WS. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive dietary evaluation is necessary to appreciate the impact of specific nutrients on physical performance in older people. Future interventional studies are needed to establish the optimal blend of protein sources to support physical performance in old age.
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Li CY, Fang AP, Ma WJ, Wu SL, Li CL, Chen YM, Zhu HL. Amount Rather than Animal vs Plant Protein Intake Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Results from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1501-1510. [PMID: 31080071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current literature does not indicate if the amount and animal vs plant protein are equally important in the prevention of muscle loss in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the associations between amount or animal vs plant protein and skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults aged 40 to 80 years. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of a prospective, community-based cohort was performed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included 1,044 men and 2,169 women aged 40 to 80 years from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study 2011-2013 with body composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight. Participants in the lowest quartile of the sex-specific SMI were considered to have low muscle mass (LMM). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Analyses of covariance were performed to estimate the SMI across quintiles of relative dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein and the ratio of animal-to-plant protein. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations between quintiles of protein intake and LMM. RESULTS The SMI increased significantly across quintiles of relative dietary intake of total, animal, and plant protein (all P trends<0.001). Odds ratios (95% CIs) for LMM among participants in the highest (vs lowest) quintile were 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) for total protein, 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) for animal protein, and 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) for plant protein, respectively (all P trends<0.001). However, the ratio of animal-to-plant protein was not associated with either the SMI or the presence of LMM. CONCLUSION Higher dietary intakes of total, animal, and plant protein, regardless of the ratio of animal-to-plant protein, are associated with greater skeletal muscle mass in community-dwelling middle-aged and older Chinese adults with a mean protein intake above the current recommendation for protein of 0.8 g/kg per day.
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