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Skalska K, Ziółkowski M, Zielonka TM, Empacher M. Nursing students' use of products and substances to reduce stress or improve cognition during exam periods. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 78:103981. [PMID: 38788618 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the project was to evaluate the prevalence, motivation and effects of the use of substances to improve cognitive function by nursing students during examination. BACKGROUND Exam periods are among the most stressful weeks of the academic year for nursing students. During these times, some students may use substances to support cognitive functions. Some of them are used despite their potential harmfulness, even by nursing students. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was based on a voluntary, anonymous survey including 26 questions about use of various products belonging to food, dietary supplements, drugs, alcohol and tobacco. The study population was 221 students of nursing studying at Medical University of Warsaw. RESULTS During the exam session, the most frequently used substance was strong tea. Dietary supplements are less popular. The surveyed students rarely use procognitive prescription drugs. However, consumption of alcohol, cigarettes or marijuana during the session was lower than outside of it declared by 61.5 %, 28.5 % and 6.3 % respectively (while outside of the exam session, 80.1 %, 29.0 % and 11.8 %, respectively). As for the purpose of using, most students mention improving concentration and memory, but most are not sure whether the products they use help them achieve their goals. Nearly two-thirds of students are aware of the harmfulness of stimulants and therefore do not use them and the products they do use are relatively safe for health. CONCLUSIONS Most nursing students probably are aware of the harmfulness of listed products, especially belonging to prescription drugs, alcohol and stimulants and therefore do not use them. In turn, the products they use, such as chocolate or certain dietary supplements, are relatively safe for health, i.e. they do not cause dangerous addiction or side effects that may require seeking medical help. However, it is worrying that most of them regularly drink alcohol, many of them smoke tobacco and also use marijuana. The results do not indicate that a medical university and nursing vocational schools effectively promotes a healthy lifestyle for nursing students and changes in education in this area are necessary. A wide discussion on how to improve the health habits of future nurses should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skalska
- Clinical Center of Medical University of Warsaw, Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ziółkowski
- Central Clinical Hospital in Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Empacher
- Faculty of Computer Science and Econometrics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Najman K, Rajewski R, Sadowska A, Hallmann E, Buczak K. Changes in the Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Yerba Mate Depending on the Brewing Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:2590. [PMID: 38893465 PMCID: PMC11173391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Yerba Mate drink made from dried and crushed leaves and twigs of Paraguayan holly (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), which is a valuable source of bioactive substances, in particular antioxidants. The available literature lacks data on changes in the content and profile of bioactive compounds such as tannins, caffeine, the phenolic acid profile of flavonoids and carotenoids, as well as total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Yerba Mate infusions depending on different brewing conditions, and how different brewing conditions affect the physicochemical properties of these infusions. Therefore, this study evaluated the physicochemical properties of dried and Yerba Mate infusions prepared via single and double brewing processes at 70 °C and 100 °C. The organoleptic evaluation, as well as the instrumental color measurement, showed significant changes in the total color difference (ΔE) and the L*a*b* chromatic coordinates of dried Yerba Mate samples and their infusions. Moreover, the research showed higher contents of tannins (mean 1.36 ± 0.14 g/100 g d.m.), caffeine (mean 17.79 ± 3.49 mg/g d.m.), carotenoids (mean 12.90 ± 0.44 μg/g d.m.), phenolic acids (mean 69.97 ± 7.10 mg/g d.m.), flavonoids (mean 5.47 ± 1.78 mg/g d.m.), total polyphenols (mean 55.26 ± 8.51 mg GAE/g d.m.), and antioxidant activity (mean 2031.98 ± 146.47 μM TEAC/g d.m.) in single-brewed Yerba Mate infusions compared to double-brewed (0.77 ± 0.12 g/100 g d.m., 14.28 ± 5.80 mg/g d.m., 12.67 ± 0.62 μg/g d.m., 57.75 ± 8.73 mg/g d.m., 3.64 ± 0.76 mg/g d.m., 33.44 ± 6.48 mg GAE/g d.m. and 1683.09 ± 155.34 μM TEAC/g d.m., respectively). In addition, infusions prepared at a lower temperature (70 °C) were characterized by a higher content of total polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity, in contrast to the tannin and carotenoid contents, the levels of which were higher at 100 °C than at 70 °C. Considering the high amount of bioactive ingredients, in particular antioxidants, and a wide range of health benefits, it is worth including Yerba Mate in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Najman
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Rafał Rajewski
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
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Lu H, Zhou P, Li F, Wang Y, Gu J, Wang Y, Sun S, Zhang M, Wang X. Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 augments morphophysiological responses, nutrient availability and photosynthetic efficacy of ornamental Ilex verticillata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae033. [PMID: 38501890 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata [L.] A. Gray), a deciduous shrub producing glossy bright red berries, is a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant with good market prospects. However, the growth and development of I. verticillata are significantly affected by various stresses, and environmentally hazardous agrochemicals are often used to mitigate them. Trichoderma spp., ubiquitous soil-borne eco-friendly plant growth-promoting fungi, are potent biostimulants and biofertilizers and viable alternatives to agrochemicals for healthy and sustainable agriculture. In this study, the temporal efficacy of different dosages of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 in promoting morphophysiological responses of I. verticillata and the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities of the substrate were investigated. Different concentrations of the strain T. guizhouense NJAU4742 spore suspension (C [0%], T1 [5%, v/m], T2 [10%, v/m] and T3 [15%, v/m]) were injected in the substrate contained in a pot in which 1-year-old I. verticillata was planted for temporal treatment (15, 45 and 75 days) under open-air conditions. The beneficial effects of T2 and/or T3 treatment for a long duration (75 days) were evident on the different root, aerial and photosynthetic traits; total contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in different tissues and the physicochemical properties of the substrate and its enzymatic activities (urease and invertase). Overall, the study revealed the potency of strain T. guizhouense NJAU4742 as a sustainable solution to improve the growth and development and ornamental value of I. verticillata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Lu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Fei Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, 109 Danyang Road, Dongshanqiao, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
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Khavari F, Taheri M, Manoochehri H, Molaei P, Nouri F. Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Caffeine and 5-Fluorouracil on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1419-1424. [PMID: 38680003 PMCID: PMC11162732 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.4.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death. Today, there are several options for treating colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. 5-Fluorouracil is known as a suitable candidate for the treatment of various cancers, especially colorectal cancer. However, the use of this drug is limited, so it is usually used in combination with other drugs and agents. Based on the evidence obtained, this study attempted to evaluate the combined effects of 5-fluorouracil and caffeine on colorectal cancer cells. METHODS In this study, initially HCT116 and HEK293 cell lines were cultured as cancer and normal cells, respectively. These cell lines were then evaluated for cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and rate of cell migration. All data were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS The results indicated that a combination of caffeine and 5-FU augmented their cytotoxicity in HCT116 cells but reduced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. No reduction was observed in the migration of HCT116 cells that were treated with caffeine or a combination of caffeine and 5-FU. Also, it seems that caffeine reverses the apoptotic effect of 5-FU in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khavari
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Pejman Molaei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Mayer MS, Portella AF, Maçalai C, Zambra AL, Mori NC, Kessler Nunes VC, Bortolotto JW, Azzolin GB, Parisi MM. Yerba Mate as a Protectant against Lipoproteins Oxidation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301770. [PMID: 38330241 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important factors determining cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the antioxidant mechanisms and potential protective effect of a hydroethanolic extract of yerba mate (Ilex paraguaiensis; EHEM) on the in vitro oxidation of LDL and HDL. EHEM was found to possess ferric reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, metal chelating activity, and NO radical scavenging activity. In addition, EHEM reduced the lipoperoxidation induced by α,α'-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (AAPH) in HDL and LDL at all tested concentrations. In this study, we demonstrate the antioxidant properties of yerba mate and its phytochemical compounds. These properties may effectively prevent the in vitro oxidation of LDL and HDL molecules, a phenomenon linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Spanamberg Mayer
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS) Unicruz, URI-Erechim, Unijuí, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Amanda Felipe Portella
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Camila Maçalai
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Andressa Leal Zambra
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS) Unicruz, URI-Erechim, Unijuí, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Natacha Cossettin Mori
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Viviane Cecília Kessler Nunes
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS) Unicruz, URI-Erechim, Unijuí, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Josiane Woutheres Bortolotto
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS) Unicruz, URI-Erechim, Unijuí, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bonfanti Azzolin
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS) Unicruz, URI-Erechim, Unijuí, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Group of Integral Attention to Health, Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS) Unicruz, URI-Erechim, Unijuí, University of Cruz Alta, Brazil
- Center for Health and Rural Sciences, University of Cruz Alta, Rodovia Municipal Jacob Della Mea, s/n km 5,6 - Parada Benito, Cruz Alta, RS-98020-290, Brazil
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Kelebek H, Sasmaz HK, Aksay O, Selli S, Kahraman O, Fields C. Exploring the Impact of Infusion Parameters and In Vitro Digestion on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Guayusa ( Ilex guayusa Loes.) Tea Using Liquid Chromatography, Diode Array Detection, and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2024; 13:694. [PMID: 38472807 PMCID: PMC10931092 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Guayusa tea is derived from the leaves of the Ilex guayusa Loes. plant, which is native to the Amazon rainforest. Beyond its pleasant sensory properties, Guayusa tea is rich in antioxidants, phenolics, and minerals. In this study, the effects of infusion time, temperature, and solvent conditions on the color, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, phenolic profile, and antimicrobial activity of Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes.) tea were investigated. Guayusa tea samples were prepared using two different solvents, ethanol and water, with 4, 6, and 8-h infusions at 60 and 70 °C. Liquid chromatography, diode array detection, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) were used to determine a comprehensive profile of phenolic compounds and to detect differences due to infusion conditions. Moreover, after the Guayusa tea infusion with the highest bioactive properties was determined, the effects of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds of the Guayusa tea infusion were measured. Phenolic profile analysis identified 29 compounds, among which chlorogenic acid and its derivatives were predominant. The increase in infusion time was correlated with an elevation in total phenolic content. Significant differences were observed between water and ethanol infusions of Guayusa in terms of phenolics and antioxidants. The total amount of phenolic compounds in the samples prepared with both solvents was found to increase after oral intake, depending on the digestion stage; meanwhile, the amounts of flavonoid compounds and di-O-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives decreased during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Turkey; (H.K.); (H.K.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Hatice Kubra Sasmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Turkey; (H.K.); (H.K.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Ozge Aksay
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Turkey; (H.K.); (H.K.S.); (O.A.)
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey;
| | - Ozan Kahraman
- Applied Food Sciences Inc., 675-B Town Creek Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA;
| | - Christine Fields
- Applied Food Sciences Inc., 675-B Town Creek Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA;
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Andrade VMDM, de Moura AF, da Costa Chaves K, da Rocha CPD, de Andrade CBV, Trevenzoli IH, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Barcellos LC, Vaisman M, Salerno VP. Yerba mate consumption by ovariectomized rats alters white adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 564:111881. [PMID: 36736880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopause and post-menopause are characterized by low levels of estrogen that can be associated with the emergence of metabolic diseases. While hormone replacement therapy can alleviate many symptoms, it can also exacerbate other diseases such as breast cancer. In the search for natural alternatives, Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba Mate) has been identified as a potential therapy for the onset of obesity. Here, the effect of MATE consumption on white adipose tissue (WAT) was studied in ovariectomized rats, an animal model for post-menopause hormone loss. METHODS Four groups of animals were used: ovariectomy with MATE (OVX MATE) and without MATE (OVX), as well as sham surgery with MATE (Sham MATE) and without MATE (Sham). MATE was provided by gavage at 1 g/kg of body weight for eight weeks before measuring biochemical parameters in plasma and characterizing WAT morphology. RESULTS The consumption of Yerba MATE significantly decreased weight gain in ovariectomized rats and presented near control levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL. A morphometric analysis of WAT showed a significant decrease in the area occupied by adipocytes in the group that consumed MATE. Finally, MATE consumption increased the UCP1 content in the WAT of the ovariectomized group. Yerba MATE treatment was also associated with higher levels of SIRT1 protein. CONCLUSION MATE consumption has a preventive effect on the weight gain observed in ovariectomized rats and potential benefits in naturally avoiding the onset of obesity post menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Machado de Mello Andrade
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Amanda Fernandes de Moura
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Katlen da Costa Chaves
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Cherley Borba Vieira de Andrade
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho/UFRJ, Brazil; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Cláudia Barcellos
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Mário Vaisman
- Departamento de Endocrinologia Médica, Hospital Universitário/UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Verônica Pinto Salerno
- Departamento de Biociência do Exercício - Escola de Educação Física e Desporto - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
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Ling Z, Zeng R, Zhou X, Chen F, Fan Q, Sun D, Chen X, Wei M, Wu R, Luo W. Component analysis using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS and quality control of Kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume). Food Res Int 2022; 162:111937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fermented Black Tea and Its Relationship with Gut Microbiota and Obesity: A Mini Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation is one of the world’s oldest techniques for food preservation, nutrient enhancement, and alcohol manufacturing. During fermentation, carbohydrates such as glucose and starch are converted into other molecules, such as alcohol and acid, anaerobically through enzymatic action while generating energy for the microorganism or cells involved. Black tea is among the most popular fermented beverages; it is made from the dried tea leaves of the evergreen shrub plant known as Camellia sinensis. The adequate consumption of black tea is beneficial to health as it contains high levels of flavanols, also known as catechins, which act as effective antioxidants and are responsible for protecting the body against the development of illnesses, such as inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and obesity. The prevalence of obesity is a severe public health concern associated with the incidence of various serious diseases and is now increasing, including in Malaysia. Advances in ‘omic’ research have allowed researchers to identify the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. This review explores fermented black tea and its correlation with the regulation of the gut microbiota and obesity.
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Santos D, Frota EG, Vargas BK, Tonieto Gris CC, Santos LFD, Bertolin TE. What is the role of phenolic compounds of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in gut microbiota? PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113341. [PMID: 35952769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diet actively influences gut microbiota and body homeostasis. The predominance of beneficial species results in symbiosis, while dysbiosis is characterized by an imbalance between microbial communities. Food plays a key role in this dynamic and in promoting the health of individuals. Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate, is a traditional plant from Latin America that has a complex matrix of bioactive substances, including methylxanthines, triterpenes, saponins, and phenolics. The consumption of yerba mate is associated with antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on yerba mate as a modulating agent of intestinal microbiota. Phenolics are the major compounds in yerba mate and have been reported to act in modulating the microbiome. In this review, we explore the activity of yerba mate as a possible stimulant of gut microbiota and present its main phenolics and their biological effects. We also propose different mechanisms of action of these phenolics and possible doses for their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Elionio Galvão Frota
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Krieger Vargas
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Cassia Tonieto Gris
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lára Franco Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Telma Elita Bertolin
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Soster Santetti G, Ribeiro da Silva Lima L, Biduski B, Cristina Barros Santos M, Thomaz dos Santos D'Almeida C, Claudio Cameron L, Carlos Gutkoski L, Simões Larraz Ferreira M, Dias de Mello Castanho Amboni R. Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals improved phenolic profile in whole wheat bread with yerba mate and the effects of the bread-making process. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fioroto CKS, da Silva TBV, Castilho PA, Uber TM, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Seixas FAV, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Effects of Ilex paraguariensis beverages on in vivo triglyceride and starch absorption in mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Ruskovska T, Morand C, Bonetti CI, Gebara KS, Cardozo Junior EL, Milenkovic D. Multigenomic modifications in human circulating immune cells in response to consumption of polyphenol rich extract of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) are suggestive of cardiometabolic protective effects. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-60. [PMID: 35373729 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mate is a traditional drink obtained from the leaves of yerba mate and rich in a diversity of plant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, particularly chlorogenic acids. Studies, even though limited, suggest that consumption of mate is associated with health effects, including prevention of cardiometabolic disorders. Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential health properties are still largely unknown, especially in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrigenomic effects of mate consumption and identify regulatory networks potentially mediating cardiometabolic health benefits. Healthy middle-aged men at risk for cardiovascular disease consumed a standardized mate extract or placebo for 4 weeks. Global gene expression, including protein coding and non-coding RNAs profiles were determined using microarrays. Biological function analyses were performed using integrated bioinformatic tools. Comparison of global gene expression profiles showed significant change following mate consumption with 2635 significantly differentially expressed genes, among which 6 are miRNAs and 244 are lncRNAs. Functional analyses showed that these genes are involved in regulation of cell interactions and motility, inflammation or cell signaling. Transcription factors, such as MEF2A, MYB or HNF1A, could have their activity modulated by mate consumption either by direct interaction with polyphenol metabolites or by interactions of metabolites with cell signaling proteins, like p38 or ERK1/2, that could modulate transcription factor activity and regulate expression of genes observed. Correlation analysis suggests that expression profile is inversely associated with gene expression profiles of patients with cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, mate consumption may exert cardiometabolic protective effects by modulating gene expression towards a protective profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Christine Morand
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carla Indianara Bonetti
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Karimi Sater Gebara
- Grande Dourados University Center, UNIGRAN, R. Balbina de Matos, 2121 - J. Universitario, Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Ursane-type triterpene oligoglycosides with anti-hepatosteatosis and anti-hyperlipidemic activity from the leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. J Nat Med 2022; 76:654-669. [PMID: 35292883 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The methanol extract from the leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae), popularly known as mate, maté, or yerba maté, inhibits the intracellular triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells and suppresses the plasma triglyceride elevation in olive oil-treated mice. Three new triterpene saponins, termed mateosides I (1), II (2), and III (3), were isolated from the extract along with 29 known compounds. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates, principal saponin constituents, 2 and matesaponins 1 (7) and 2 (9), potently inhibited the triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells simultaneously treated with oleic acid and high glucose. In vivo assay of the methanol extract of I. paraguariensis revealed that 7 and 9 showed anti-hyperlipidemic activities in olive oil-treated mice. These results suggested that the saponin constituents of I. paraguariensis could be valuable bioactive marker for the anti-obesogenic activity.
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Bloomer RJ, Martin KR, Pence JC. Impact of AmaTea® Max on physiological measures and gaming performance in active gamers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study. J Clin Transl Res 2022; 8:93-102. [PMID: 35392125 PMCID: PMC8983391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The activity of "gaming" has increased greatly in popularity in recent years, with many gamers using nutritional supplements to aid mood and gaming performance. We evaluated the impact of AmaTea® Max (referred to as AmaTea® throughout; a patented dietary supplement consisting of a blend of caffeine and polyphenol antioxidants), compared to both caffeine and a placebo, on gaming and cognitive performance in active gamers. Methods Subjects reported to the lab on three occasions, separated by approximately 1 week. On each day, they had baseline measurements taken and then played the game Fortnite for four 1-h periods. Measures of cognitive performance, gaming performance, heart rate and blood pressure (BP), and blood cortisol were measured before and at selected times following gameplay. Results Neither caffeine nor AmaTea® impacted gaming or cognitive performance in a statistically significant manner. However, a trend (P=0.075) was noted for the condition effect for kills/match, with values 21% higher for AmaTea® (1.84) compared to placebo (1.51), and 12% higher for AmaTea® compared to caffeine (1.63). Subjective mood was relatively unaffected, although a condition effect was noted for jittery (P=0.05), with values lower for placebo than for caffeine (P=0.02). BP was minimally elevated with both AmaTea® and caffeine, while cortisol followed the normal diurnal variation and was lower for placebo than AmaTea® and caffeine. Conclusion AmaTea® modestly increased kills/match during gameplay. It is possible that a different gaming stimulus, varied time of gameplay, or different dosage of the supplement may have yielded different results. Relevance for Subjects Active gamers who seek to use a dietary supplement for purposes of gaming performance may benefit slightly from ingestion of AmaTea® before gameplay while experiencing greater vigor and lower fatigue as compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Bloomer
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States,Corresponding author: Richard J. Bloomer Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States. E-mail:
| | - Keith R. Martin
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jacquelyn C. Pence
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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Yerba Mate as a Source of Elements and Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020371. [PMID: 35204253 PMCID: PMC8868397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) is a plant species of the holly genus Ilex native to South America from the family Aquifoliaceae and is used for the production of yerba mate infusion. The leaves of the plant are steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as mate. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the content of selected elements in dried leaves and stems of I. paraguariensis (originating from Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil) available in the market in Poland and determine the amount of these elements and bioactive compounds that pass into the infusion prepared from them. The contents of the following antioxidant compounds were assessed: neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid, isochlorogenic acid, rutoside, astragalin, caffeine, and indole derivatives. All the tested samples showed the presence of elements such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for infusion prepared from yerba mate samples from Brazil. Drinking approximately 1 L of the infusion a day will partially cover the daily requirement of these elements and bioactive compounds. The highest content of organic compounds with antioxidant properties (phenolic compounds and caffeine) was found in yerba mate infusions from Brazil.
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Valença HDM, E Silva CP, de Brito Gitirana L, Valença SS, Lanzetti M. Beneficial effects of Ilex paraguariensis in the prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders in mice. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1032-1042. [PMID: 35028976 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition involving inflammation and oxidative stress that commonly predisposes affected individuals to develop metabolic disorders. We hypothesize that Ilex paraguariensis (IP) can modulate oxidative stress and inflammation underpinning metabolic disorders caused by obesity. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD group) for 12 weeks. Concomitantly, some mice were treated with roasted IP (15 mg/ml - HFD + IP) or dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as a positive control (2 mg/ml - HFD + DMF). The control group received standard chow and water ad libitum. Histological analyses of fat tissue and liver, and quantification of mediators related to oxidative stress (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/NF-E2-related factor 2, NADP(H) quinone oxidoreductase-1 [NQO1], heme oxygenase 1 [HO1], and superoxide dismutase) as well as metabolic profile blood biomarkers (glucose, leptin, resistin, high-density lipoproteins [HDLs], and triglycerides) were performed. Metabolic disorders were prevented in mice treated with IP, as evidenced by the observation that glucose, HDL, and resistin levels were similar to those assessed in the control group. Morphological analyses showed that both IP and DMF treatments prevented hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy in visceral adipose tissue. Finally, although the antioxidant response stimulated by IP was quite limited, significant effects were found on NQO1 and HO1 expression. In conclusion, IP has promising preventative effects on the development of metabolic disorders caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helber da Maia Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cyntia Pecli E Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lycia de Brito Gitirana
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Anti-obesity natural products and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110819. [PMID: 34980371 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between gut microbiota and obesity or other metabolic syndromes is growing increasingly clear. Natural products are appreciated for their beneficial health effects in humans. Increasing investigations demonstrated that the anti-obesity bioactivities of many natural products are gut microbiota dependent. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on anti-obesity natural products acting through gut microbiota according to their chemical structures and signaling metabolites. Manipulation of the gut microbiota by natural products may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity.
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Schreiner T, Sauter D, Friz M, Heil J, Morlock GE. Is Our Natural Food Our Homeostasis? Array of a Thousand Effect-Directed Profiles of 68 Herbs and Spices. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755941. [PMID: 34955829 PMCID: PMC8696259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of plant-rich diets and traditional medicines are increasingly recognized in the treatment of civilization diseases due to the abundance and diversity of bioactive substances therein. However, the important active portion of natural food or plant-based medicine is presently not under control. Hence, a paradigm shift from quality control based on marker compounds to effect-directed profiling is postulated. We investigated 68 powdered plant extracts (botanicals) which are added to food products in food industry. Among them are many plants that are used as traditional medicines, herbs and spices. A generic strategy was developed to evaluate the bioactivity profile of each botanical as completely as possible and to straightforwardly assign the most potent bioactive compounds. It is an 8-dimensional hyphenation of normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography with multi-imaging by ultraviolet, visible and fluorescence light detection as well as effect-directed assay and heart-cut of the bioactive zone to orthogonal reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromato-graphy-photodiode array detection-heated electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the non-target, effect-directed screening via 16 different on-surface assays, we tentatively assigned more than 60 important bioactive compounds in the studied botanicals. These were antibacterials, estrogens, antiestrogens, androgens, and antiandrogens, as well as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and tyrosinase inhibitors, which were on-surface heart-cut eluted from the bioautogram or enzyme inhibition autogram to the next dimension for further targeted characterization. This biological-physicochemical hyphenation is able to detect and control active mechanisms of traditional medicines or botanicals as well as the essentials of plant-based food. The array of 1,292 profiles (68 samples × 19 detections) showed the versatile bioactivity potential of natural food. It reveals how efficiently and powerful our natural food contributes to our homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schreiner
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dorena Sauter
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maren Friz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Heil
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud Elisabeth Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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20
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Armijos C, Ramírez J, Salinas M, Vidari G, Suárez AI. Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants: An Update and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111145. [PMID: 34832927 PMCID: PMC8624270 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to update a review published in 2016 by including the studies that were carried out in the period 2016–July 2021 on about 120 Ecuadorian medicinal plants. Relevant data on raw extracts and isolated secondary metabolites were retrieved from different databases, resulting in 104 references. They included phytochemical and pharmacological studies on several non-volatile compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs). The tested biological activities are also reported. The potential of Ecuadorian plants as sources of products for practical applications in different fields, as well the perspectives of future investigations, are discussed in the last part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.I.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Jorge Ramírez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Melissa Salinas
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Alírica I. Suárez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.I.S.)
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela
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21
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Mesquita M, Santos E, Kassuya CA, Salvador MJ. Chimarrão, terere and mate-tea in legitimate technology modes of preparation and consume: A comparative study of chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety properties of the mostly consumed beverages of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114401. [PMID: 34245836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used by South American populations for centuries and is popularly attributed to stimulating and detoxifying properties. Nowadays, their consume traditionally occurs through three different beverages: chimarrão, terere and mate-tea. AIM OF THE STUDY Although its composition and properties are well studied, literature lacks work comparing the potential of their extracts obtained by a legitimate preparation mode of their popular beverages. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate changes in chemical composition, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory efficacy and anxiolytic effect from lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained simulating the legitimate popular preparation mode of chimarrão, terere and mate-tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, were investigated differences related to preparation technology and dry material used through chemical composition analysis, with the lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained simulating the chimarrão, terere and mate-tea preparation. The chemical composition analysis comprises the total soluble phenolics content, chemical profiles by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and quantitative component detection by HPLC-UV/DAD. Moreover, evaluations of comparative antioxidant activity of the extracts (DPPH and ORACFL assays), anti-inflammatory efficacy and anxiolytic effect were performed in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that chimarrão extracts presented a richer composition in terms of phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids, and better antioxidant activity when compared to the other extracts. In pleurisy test, all products showed anti-inflammatory properties in the dose of 60 mg/kg. In the anxiolytic evaluation, although all extracts presented some effect, chimarrão and terere were better than mate-tea in general. No sign of toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that the beverage made as chimarrão has the best composition and the most promising properties overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mesquita
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - E Santos
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - C A Kassuya
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - M J Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cypriano ML, Dos Santos Ramos GHA, de Oliveira ACF, Dos Santos DR, Fiais GA, de Oliveira AP, Antoniali C, Dornelles RCM, de Melo Stevanato Nakamune AC, Chaves-Neto AH. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy and mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on biochemical, functional and redox parameters of saliva in orchiectomized rats. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105289. [PMID: 34695671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and mate tea (MT) [Ilex paraguariensis] on biochemical, functional, and redox parameters of saliva in orchiectomized rats (ORX) DESIGN: Sixty young adult male Wistar rats (3 months old) were either castrated bilaterally or underwent fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were distributed into 5 groups: SHAM, ORX, TU (castrated rats that received a single intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate 100 mg/kg), MT (castrated rats that received MT 20 mg/kg, via intragastric gavage, daily), and TU + MT. All treatments started 4 weeks after castration (4 months old) and lasted 4 weeks (5 months old). At the end of treatment, pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion was collected to analyze salivary flow rate (SFR) and biochemistry composition through determination of total protein (TP), amylase (AMY), electrolyte, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS ORX increased SFR, salivary buffering capacity, calcium, phosphate, chloride, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), and carbonyl protein, reduced TP and AMY activity, and did not change pH, sodium, and potassium compared to SHAM. TU and TU+MT restored all salivary parameters to values of SHAM, while only TBARs and AMY returned to SHAM levels in the MT group. CONCLUSIONS TRT with long-acting TU restored the biochemical, functional, and redox parameters of saliva in orchiectomized rats. Although MT did not have a TRT-like effect on salivary gland function, the more effective reduction in lipid oxidative damage in the MT and TU + MT groups could be considered as adjuvant to alleviate the salivary oxidative stress induced by orchiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lima Cypriano
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Damáris Raissa Dos Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alice Fiais
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Passos de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia de Melo Stevanato Nakamune
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of "Composed Yerba Mate". Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:4711-4721. [PMID: 34629535 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Yerba mate contains bioactive compounds, and is widely consumed as a decoction beverage in several Southern American countries. At present, the consumption of mate with added herbal blends and flavors, called "composed yerba mate", has increased; however, no studies on the antioxidant characteristics of these products have been published. In this sense, the main objective was to assess the antioxidant characteristics of "composed yerba mate" compared to "traditional yerba mate", in the form it is traditionally consumed. Total polyphenols content ranged from 15 to 45 mg/g GAE in all decoctions analyzed. Seventeen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, mainly belonging to the caffeoylquinic acids group. The antioxidant capacity was measured using in vitro assays, Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the in vivo model organism. All decoctions displayed antioxidant activity and were capable of rescuing yeast cells between 10.68 and 18.38% from oxidative stress. Multiple regression analysis showed a high correlation between phenolic composition and activity of samples, where different compounds indicate a significant contribution to the observed activity. Significant differences were found in the content, profile and antioxidant activity of polyphenols when "traditional yerba mate" and "composed yerba mate" were compared. In some cases, the antioxidant capacity was similar or higher in composed yerba mate; while the rest displayed lower biological activity. Based on these findings, it would be possible to assume that the addition of herb mixtures modifies the antioxidant and biological properties of mate. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s13197-020-04961-x).
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Market Expansion of Caffeine-Containing Products: Italian and Argentinian Yerba Mate Consumer Behavior and Health Perception. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158117. [PMID: 34360411 PMCID: PMC8345656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mate is the most consumed beverage in South America. There is interest in expanding yerba mate sales into the old and new markets by promoting its health properties and energizing effects. The research study aims to explore Argentinian and Italian purchasing and consumption behavior and perception of yerba mate. The exploration includes agro-food chain stakeholders’ views, and consumers’ habits, perception, knowledge of yerba mate in relation to other market positioning caffeine-containing products. Data collection includes qualitative method, such as interviews with agro-food chain stakeholders, that is producers, processors, consumers, and quantitative consumer survey. Data collection was carried out in Argentina and in Italy. Results show that in Argentina yerba mate consumption is driven by habit and tradition, and in Italy yerba mate is mostly unknown. Consumers tend to drink yerba mate in Argentina and other caffeine-containing beverages in Italy to socialize, and as source of energy. Consumers have little awareness of yerba mate antioxidant properties. Yerba mate provides the energy of coffee drinking, and the taste and pleasure of tea drinking. Italian consumers’ key challenge to yerba mate drinking is the longer time it takes, compared to the usual espresso. Italians perceive it as an energetic or relaxing beverage, with a consumption experience similar to tea and infusions. There is need to update commercialization strategy of yerba mate in Italy.
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Moliterno P, Donangelo CM, Borgarello L, Pécora M, Olascoaga A, Noboa O, Boggia J. Association of Dietary Patterns with Cardiovascular and Kidney Phenotypes in an Uruguayan Population Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072213. [PMID: 34199124 PMCID: PMC8308311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in an adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study—GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic, anthropometric characteristics, and cardiovascular and kidney phenotypes. In a cross-sectional study (n = 294), DP were derived by the principal component analysis. Blood and urine parameters, anthropometrics, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. Multivariable adjusted linear models and adjusted binary logistic regression were used. Three DP were identified (Meat, Prudent, Cereal and Mate) explaining 22.6% of total variance in food intake. The traditional Meat DP, characterized by red and barbecued meat, processed meat, bread, and soft drinks, was associated with worse blood lipid profile. Prudent DP, characterized by vegetables, fish, and nuts, and lower loads for bread and crackers, was associated with reduced risk of vitamin D deficiency. Cereal and Mate DP, was characterized by higher loads of cereals, bread, and crackers, and mate infusion, with higher odds of excessive body weight. No direct associations of dietary patterns with hypertension, arterial stiffness, chronic kidney disease, and nephrolithiasis were found in the studied population, nor by age categories or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moliterno
- Departmento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11600, Uruguay;
| | | | - Luciana Borgarello
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11600, Uruguay; (L.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Matías Pécora
- Departmento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Alicia Olascoaga
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11600, Uruguay; (L.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Oscar Noboa
- Centro de Nefrología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11600, Uruguay;
| | - José Boggia
- Centro de Nefrología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11600, Uruguay;
- Correspondence:
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Mocelin LC, Rodrigues KS, Brito MG, Da Silva IK, Grams KC, Zambra AL, Bortolotto JW, Bonfanti-Azzolin G, Parisi MM. EFEITO CITOTÓXICO DIFERENCIAL DO EXTRATO HIDROETANÓLICO DE ERVA-MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS) SOBRE ERITRÓCITOS E CÉLULAS MONONUCLEARES DE SANGUE PERIFÉRICO. HOLOS 2021. [DOI: 10.15628/holos.2021.10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Para a utilização da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) como planta medicinal, é necessário determinar concentrações e formas de utilização seguras e eficazes. Modelos in vitro de triagem de citotoxicidade fornecem dados preliminares para selecionar doses seguras potencialmente benéficas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade aguda de diferentes concentrações de um extrato hidroetanólico de folhas de erva-mate em dois modelos de células sanguíneas humanas. Para isso, eritrócitos e células mononucleares de sangue periférico de 10 indivíduos saudáveis foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroetanólico de erva-mate por 150 minutos a 37°C. Após a incubação, foram realizados testes bioquímicos de detecção de citotoxicidade. A concentração de 1000µg/mL de extrato aumentou a hemólise, a fragilidade osmótica e a peroxidação lipídica em eritrócitos, mas não teve efeito citotóxico em células mononucleares. Estes dados sugerem que altas concentrações de extrato podem ser tóxicas para alguns tipos celulares e, por isso, concentrações seguras de utilização são essenciais para a recomendação da erva-mate como planta medicinal.
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Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) microparticles modulate antioxidant markers in the plasma and brains of rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pham HTN, Tran HN, Le XT, Do HT, Nguyen TT, Le Nguyen C, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, William FR, Matsumoto K. Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng Mitigates Phenotypic Characteristics of Human Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Drosophila Melanogaster Rugose Mutant. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1995-2007. [PMID: 33950474 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have heterogeneous etiologies involving dysfunction of central nervous systems, for which no effective pan-specific treatments are available. Ilex kudingcha (IK) C.J. Tseng is a nootropic botanical used in Asia for neuroprotection and improvement of cognition. This study establishes that a chemically characterized extract from IK (IKE) mitigates behavioral traits in the Drosophila melanogaster rugose mutant, whose traits resemble human ASD, and examines possible mechanisms. IKE treatment significantly ameliorated deficits in social interaction, short-term memory, and locomotor activity in Drosophila rugose, and significantly increased synaptic bouton number of size more than 2 μm2 in the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of Drosophila rugose. To clarify mechanism(s) of IKE action, methylphenidate (MPH), a dopamine transporter inhibitor, was included as a reference drug in the behavioral assays: MPH significantly improved social interaction and short-term memory deficit in Drosophila rugose; administration of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride reversed the ameliorative effects of both MPH and IKE on the social interaction deficits of Drosophila rugose. To extend analysis of IKE treatment to the vertebrate central nervous system, ASD-associated gene expression in mouse hippocampus was studied by RNA-seq: IKE treatment altered the expression of genes coding phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), proteins in glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic synapses, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and RNA transporter proteins. These results provide a foundation for further analysis of IKE as a candidate for treatment of some forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Thi Nguyet Pham
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, 110100, Vietnam.
| | - Hong Nguyen Tran
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, 110100, Vietnam
| | - Xoan Thi Le
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, 110100, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Do
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, 110100, Vietnam
| | - Tue Trong Nguyen
- Hanoi Medical University, Dong Da District, Hanoi, 116001, Vietnam
| | - Chien Le Nguyen
- Military Medical Academy, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamistu Yamaguchi
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8585, Japan.,Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co. Ltd, Seika-cho, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Folk R William
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Phamacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
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Yu D, Zhu Z, Wang M, Ding X, Gui H, Ma J, Yan Y, Li G, Xu Q, Wang W, Mao C. Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex cornuta protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis by modulating Ezh2 phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113691. [PMID: 33321190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt. (Aquifoliaceae family) belongs to the Ilex genus. The leaves of this plant are used for the popular herbal tea "Ku-Ding-Cha" in China due to their health benefits for sore throat, obesity and hypertension. Our previous studies have shown that the extract of Ilex cornuta root exerts cardioprotective effects in rat models of myocardial ischaemic injury, and several new kinds of triterpenoid saponins from Ilex cornuta (TSIC) have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanisms by which TSIC protect against H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An H2O2-treated H9c2 cardiomyocyte line was used as an in vitro model of oxidation-damaged cardiomyocytes to evaluate the effects of TSIC. Apoptosis was detected with CCK-8 and annexin V assays and via analysis of the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins or genes. The underlying mechanisms related to Akt signalling, Ezh2 expression and activity, and ROS were clarified by Western blotting, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and rescue experiments. RESULTS TSIC protected H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This effect of TSIC was attributable to inhibition of Ezh2 activity, as exhibited by attenuation of H2O2-induced Akt signalling-dependent phosphorylation of Ezh2 at serine 21 (pEzh2S21) upon TSIC pretreatment. In addition, feedback pathway between Akt-dependent Ezh2 phosphorylation and ROS was involved in TSIC-mediated protection of H9c2 cells from apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a pivotal role of the pEzh2S21 network in TSIC-mediated protection against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, potentially providing evidence of the mechanism of TSIC in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zengyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yinghui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Chenmei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Paladines-Santacruz G, Orellana-Manzano A, Sarmiento G, Pilozo G, Iñiga E, Zaruma-Torres F, Ortíz-Ulloa J, Quijano-Avilés M, Di Grumo D, Orellana-Manzano S, Villacrés MDC, Manzano P, Vanden Berghe W. Acute oral toxicity of a novel functional drink based on Ilex guayusa, Vernonanthura patens, and cocoa husk. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:747-752. [PMID: 33854951 PMCID: PMC8027533 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel functional drink with nutraceutical properties was formulated from the aqueous extracts of Ilex guayusa, and Vernonanthura patens leaves, and cocoa husks. This juice contains various bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and methylxanthines, with antioxidant and stimulant properties of pharmacological interest. However, it is known whether herbal extracts' interaction may have adverse toxic effects on human health. To evaluate this functional drink's innocuity, we estimated the acute oral toxicity (AOT) in experimental mice. This paper presents the AOT evaluation of two formulations of a functional drink (pre-formulation and microencapsulation) at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). No signs of adverse toxicity and mortality were observed after a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Likewise, no significant body and organ weight changes, food and water consumption behavior, and no histopathological changes were observed in the main organs evaluated. In conclusion, this functional drink can be categorized as low toxicity " according to the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS), making it a potential beverage with high nutritional and pharmacological value.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance
- AOT, Acute oral toxicity
- Acute oral toxicity
- Cocoa husk
- Functional drink
- GHS, Globally Harmonized Classification System
- INSPI, National Institute of Public Health Research of Ecuador
- Ilex guayusa
- LD50Median, lethal dose
- MCCH, Maquita Cushunchic Fundation
- Mice
- OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
- ROW, Relative organ weight
- SD, Standard deviation
- Vernonanthura patens
- b.w., body weight
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanna Paladines-Santacruz
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Laboratorio para investigaciones biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida (FCV), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Laboratorio para investigaciones biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida (FCV), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,School of Dentistry, University of Specialties Espiritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Glenda Sarmiento
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, Cdla. Universitaria "Salvador Allende", Malecón del Salado entre Av. Delta y Av. Kennedy, 090514, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Glenda Pilozo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, Cdla. Universitaria "Salvador Allende", Malecón del Salado entre Av. Delta y Av. Kennedy, 090514, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Elsy Iñiga
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, Cdla. Universitaria "Salvador Allende", Malecón del Salado entre Av. Delta y Av. Kennedy, 090514, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Fausto Zaruma-Torres
- Laboratorio de Proteínas y Farmacología, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril y Av. Loja, 010203, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Johana Ortíz-Ulloa
- Departamento de Biociencias. Grupo "Alimentación, Nutrición y Salud", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril y Av. Loja, 010203, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - María Quijano-Avilés
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Davide Di Grumo
- School of Dentistry, University of Specialties Espiritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | | | - María Del Carmen Villacrés
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, Cdla. Universitaria "Salvador Allende", Malecón del Salado entre Av. Delta y Av. Kennedy, 090514, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Manzano
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- University of Antwerp, PPES, Epigenetic Signaling Lab, Faculty Biomedical Sciences, Prinsstraat 13, 2000, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Liu Y, Xie M, Wan P, Chen G, Chen C, Chen D, Yu S, Zeng X, Sun Y. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of a dicaffeoylquinic acid-hydrolyzing esterase from human-derived Lactobacillus fermentum LF-12. Food Funct 2021; 11:3235-3244. [PMID: 32219251 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dicaffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs), the main components of kudingcha made from the leaves of Ilex kudingcha, could be transformed by gut microbiota. However, the information about the related microorganisms and enzymes involved in the biotransformation of DiCQAs in the human gut is limited. Therefore, a strain of bacteria that could hydrolyze DiCQAs, belonging to Lactobacillus fermentum named L. fermentum LF-12, was isolated from human feces in the present study. Furthermore, an esterase for the hydrolysis of DiCQAs was purified from L. fermentum LF-12 and heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli. The esterase could be induced to exert superior hydrolytic activity in the presence of lactose as the carbon source. The molecular weight of the purified esterase was determined to be 31.9 kDa, and the isoelectric point, optimal pH and temperature for the esterase were 4.71, 6.5 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme activity was improved by Mg2+ and Ca2+, and reduced by Co2+, Cu2+, EDTA and some kinds of organic solvents. The present results provide new insights into the metabolism of DiCQAs by the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minhao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunxu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shijie Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Mu J, Yang F, Tan F, Zhou X, Pan Y, Long X, Zhao X. Determination of Polyphenols in Ilex kudingcha and Insect Tea (Leaves Altered by Animals) by Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) and Comparison of Their Anti-Aging Effects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:600219. [PMID: 33551806 PMCID: PMC7859970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng tea and insect tea, as traditional Chinese teas, are favored for their original craftsmanship, unique flavor, and biological functionality. In this study, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) was used to analyze the bioactive components of the extracts of Ilex kudingcha and insect tea, and D-galactose-induced aging mice were used to compare the in vivo anti-aging effects of Ilex kudingcha and insect tea extracts. The results were remarkable, UHPLC-QqQ-MS analysis showed that ITP contains 29 ingredients, while IKDCP contains 26 ingredients. However, due to the large differences in the content of the main chemical components in IKDCP and ITP, the effects are equally different. At the same time, the in vivo research results suggesting that the anti-aging effects of IKDCP and ITP (500 mg/kg) include the regulation of viscera indices of major organs; improvement in liver, skin, and spleen tissue morphology; decreased production of inflammatory cytokines; up regulation of SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-PX, and T-AOC and down regulation of NO and MDA levels in serum and liver tissue; reductions in the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors, and increases in the concentration of anti-inflammatory factor. RT-qPCR and western blot assay also showed that IKDCP and ITP affect anti-aging by regulating the gene and protein expression of GSH-PX, GSH1, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT. The overall results indicate that ITP is more effective in treating oxidative damage in aging mice induced by D-galactose. Thus, ITP appears to be an effective functional drink owing to its rich nutritional components and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuping Yang
- Tuberculosis Section III, Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, Philippines
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
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Teselkin YO, Babenkova IV, Pavlova LA, Lee A, Kochetova AA, Osipov AN, Vladimirov YA. The Antioxidant Capacity of Aqueous Extracts from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Shi Z, An L, Zhang S, Li Z, Li Y, Cui J, Zhang J, Jin DQ, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Xu J, Guo Y. A heteropolysaccharide purified from leaves of Ilex latifolia displaying immunomodulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wüpper S, Lüersen K, Rimbach G. Chemical Composition, Bioactivity and Safety Aspects of Kuding Tea-From Beverage to Herbal Extract. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2796. [PMID: 32932672 PMCID: PMC7551553 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kuding tea (KT) is a bitter-tasting herbal tea that has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The large-leaved Ku-Ding-Cha (Aquifoliaceae) is composed of its representative species Ilex latifolia Thunb and Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng. Because of its potential lipid-lowering, body weight-reducing and blood-glucose-lowering properties, KT has increasingly been recognised for its importance over the past several decades. KT is no longer used only as a beverage, and various extraction methods have been applied to obtain aqueous and ethanolic KT extracts (KTE) or their fractions, which could potentially be used as dietary supplements. The major bioactive components of KT are triterpene saponins and polyphenols, but the composition of KT differs substantially between and among the different KT species. This in turn might affect the physiological effects of KT. KT exhibits antiobesity properties, possibly partly by affecting the intestinal microbiota. In addition, KT may mediate putative antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, there is evidence that high KTE supplementation can adversely affect liver metabolism. The physiological relevance of KT in humans remains rather unclear since the potential health benefits of KT and its constituents reviewed here are mainly derived on the basis of in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wüpper
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (K.L.); (G.R.)
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Kalinowska M, Sienkiewicz-Gromiuk J, Świderski G, Pietryczuk A, Cudowski A, Lewandowski W. Zn(II) Complex of Plant Phenolic Chlorogenic Acid: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Structural Studies. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173745. [PMID: 32847095 PMCID: PMC7504324 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the Zn(II) complex of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid, 5-CQA) and the type of interaction between the Zn(II) cation and the ligand were studied by means of various experimental and theoretical methods, i.e., electronic absorption spectroscopy UV/Vis, infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, elemental, thermogravimetric and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant power) and trolox oxidation assays were applied in study of the anti-/pro-oxidant properties of Zn(II) 5-CQA and 5-CQA. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Candida albicans was tested. An effect of Zn(II) chelation by chlorogenic acid on the anti-/pro-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of the ligand was discussed. Moreover, the mechanism of the antioxidant properties of Zn(II) 5-CQA and 5-CQA were studied on the basis of the theoretical energy descriptors and thermochemical parameters. Zn(II) chlorogenate showed better antioxidant activity than chlorogenic acid and commonly applied natural (L-ascorbic acid) and synthetic antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)). The pro-oxidant activity of Zn(II) 5-CQA was higher than the ligand and increased with the rise of the compound concentration The type of Zn(II) coordination by the chlorogenate ligand strongly affected the antioxidant activity of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kalinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Civil Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (G.Ś.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Justyna Sienkiewicz-Gromiuk
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Świderski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Civil Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (G.Ś.); (W.L.)
| | - Anna Pietryczuk
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Cudowski
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Civil Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (G.Ś.); (W.L.)
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Adipose tissue of female Wistar rats respond to Ilex paraguariensis treatment after ovariectomy surgery. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 11:238-248. [PMID: 34012870 PMCID: PMC8116720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Metabolic disturbances are known for their increasing epidemiological importance. Ilex paraguariensis presents a potential option for mitigating lipid metabolism imbalance. However, most of the literature to date has not considered sex bias. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ilex paraguariensis on the metabolism of different adipose tissue depots in males and females. Experimental procedure After ovariectomy, female Wistar rats received daily treatment with the extract (1 g/kg) for forty-five days. Biochemical serum parameters and tissue metabolism were evaluated. Oxidation, lipogenesis and lipolysis were evaluated in brown, white visceral, retroperitoneal and gonadal adipose tissues. Results and conclusion The results showed that treatment with the extract led to a reduced weight gain in ovariectomised females in comparison to control. The triglyceride concentration was decreased in males. Glucose oxidation and lipid synthesis in visceral and retroperitoneal adipose tissues were restored in ovariectomised females after treatment. The response to epinephrine decreased in visceral adipose tissue of control males; however, lipolysis in females did not respond to ovariectomy or treatment. These findings highlight the enormous potential effects of I. paraguariensis on lipid metabolism, modulating lipogenic pathways in females and lipolytic pathways in males. Furthermore, the sex approach applied in this study contributes to more effective screening of the effects of I. paraguariensis bioactive substances. Ilex paraguariensis reduced weight gain of ovariectomy females to control levels Serum triglycerides decreased in male and estrogen-deficient female after treatment Treatment restored glucose oxidation and lipogenesis of estrogen-deficient females I. paraguariensis decreased lipolysis response in visceral adipose tissue of males
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Zapata FJ, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Novakofski JE, Nakamura MT, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Caffeine, but not other phytochemicals, in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) attenuates high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-driven lipogenesis and body fat accumulation. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Arteaga-Crespo Y, Radice M, Bravo-Sanchez LR, García-Quintana Y, Scalvenzi L. Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidants from Ilex guayusa Loes. leaves using response surface methodology. Heliyon 2019; 6:e03043. [PMID: 31909247 PMCID: PMC6939111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study carried out the optimisation of the total polyphenol content (TPC) extraction assisted by ultrasound in Ilex guayusa leaves applying response surface methodology (RSM). Also, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extract obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was performed. The effect of the variables like, time of sonication, temperature, ethanol/water ratio and solid/liquid relationship and the interactions between them were analysed through the use of a factorial design 2ˆ4. The significant factors were considered for the optimisation, employing a Box-Behnken Design, and the TPC as response variables. It was found that a quadratic model was adequate, with an adjusted R2 value of 0.9367. The optimal conditions proposed, by the response surface model were: an extraction temperature of 60 °C, sonication time of 29.9 min and ethanol/water ratio of 76.8/23.2. The optimised leaves extract of I. guayusa show a TPC of 3.46 (±0.17) g gallic acid equivalents/100 g d.w. Radical scavenger activity of the obtained extract at optimum conditions, was performed through the FRAP and ABTS methods, given as result: 0.080 mmol TROLOX equivalents/100 g d.w. and 40.71 μmol TROLOX equivalents/g d.w., respectively. Due to the present findings, I. guayusa extracts can be proposed as a promising component for functional beverages, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Radice
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 ½ Vía Puyo-Tena, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Laura Scalvenzi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 ½ Vía Puyo-Tena, Puyo, Ecuador
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Machado ML, Arantes LP, da Silveira TL, Zamberlan DC, Cordeiro LM, Obetine FBB, da Silva AF, da Cruz IBM, Soares FAA, Oliveira RDP. Ilex paraguariensis extract provides increased resistance against oxidative stress and protection against Amyloid beta-induced toxicity compared to caffeine in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:697-709. [PMID: 31595831 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1671694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis is a plant from South America, used to prepare a tea-like beverage rich in caffeine and polyphenols with antioxidant proprieties. Caffeine consumption is associated with a lower risk of age-associated neuropathologies, besides several extracts that have antioxidant proprieties are known to be neuroprotective, and oxidative stress strongly correlates with Aβ-toxicity. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the Ilex paraguariensis hydroalcoholic extract (IPHE) and to evaluate if caffeine agent present in IPHE exerts neuroprotective effects in an amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ)-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. The wild-type and CL2006 worms were treated with IPHE (2 and 4 mg/mL) or caffeine (200 and 400 μM) since larval stage 1 (L1) until they achieved the required age for each assay. IPHE and caffeine increased the lifespan and appeared to act directly by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in both wild-type and CL2006 worms, also conferred resistance against oxidative stress in wild-type animals. Furthermore, both treatments delayed Aβ-induced paralysis and decreased AChE activity in CL2006. The protective effect of IPHE against Aβ-induced paralysis was found to be dependent on heat shock factor hsf-1 and FOXO-family transcription factor daf-16, which are respectively involved in aging-related processes and chaperone synthesis, while that of caffeine was dependent only on daf-16. Mechanistically, IPHE and caffeine decreased the levels of Aβ mRNA in the CL2006 worms; however, only IPHE induced expression of the heat shock chaperonin hsp-16.2, involved in protein homeostasis. The results were overall better when treated with IPHE than with caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lopes Machado
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Leticia Priscilla Arantes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniele Coradini Zamberlan
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Baptista Bicca Obetine
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Riva de Paula Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Dicaffeoylquinic acids from Ilex kudingcha attenuate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice in association with the modulation of gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Modulation of gut microbiota by Ilex kudingcha improves dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108595. [PMID: 31732076 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the gut microbiota contributes to the occurrence and development of colitis. Kudingcha (KDC), made from the leaves of Ilex kudingcha, could mitigate inflammation, however, little is known about the relationship between modulatory effect on gut microbiota by KDC and improvement of colitis. In this study, the attenuating effects of KDC extract (KDCE) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. It was found that the supplementation of KDCE could alleviate typical symptoms of IBD including weight loss, colon shortening, intestinal barrier damage, and decreases in the colitis disease activity index and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, KDCE supplementation could reverse the alteration of gut microbiota in the colitic mice by increasing the abundances of potential beneficial bacteria, e.g. Odoribacter, Prevotella and Helicobacter, and decreasing the abundances of potential harmful bacteria, e.g. Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Turicibacter, Parasutterella and Lachnospiraceae. The levels of short-chain fatty acids in feces, cecum contents and serum were also regulated by KDCE. Furthermore, the correlation analysis suggested that KDCE could attenuate DSS-induced colitis which might be related to the alteration of gut microbiota. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota by KDCE might be a potential strategy for improving inflammation-driven diseases.
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