1
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Tocher DR, Sprague M, Han L, Sayanova O, Norambuena F, Napier JA, Betancor MB. Inclusion of oil from transgenic Camelina sativa in feed effectively supplies EPA and DHA to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) grown to market size in seawater pens. Food Chem 2024; 456:139414. [PMID: 38901077 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon were fed either a diet reflecting current commercial feeds with added oil supplied by a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (COM), or a diet formulated with oil from transgenic Camelina sativa containing 20% EPA + DHA (TCO). Salmon were grown from smolt to market size (>3 kg) in sea pens under semi-commercial conditions. There were no differences in growth, feed efficiency or survival between fish fed the TCO or COM diets at the end of the trial. Levels of EPA + DHA in flesh of salmon fed TCO were significantly higher than in fish fed COM. A 140 g fillet from TCO-fed salmon delivered 2.3 g of EPA + DHA, 67% of the weekly requirement level recommended by many health agencies, and 1.5-fold more than the 1.5 g of EPA + DHA for COM-fed fish. Oil from transgenic Camelina supported growth and improved the nutritional quality of farmed salmon in terms of increased "omega-3" supply for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Matthew Sprague
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
| | - Lihua Han
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
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2
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Yu XL, Liu CY, Jiang L, Huang LT, Luo Y, Zhang P, Zhang YY, Liu S, Huang H. Local adaptation of trophic strategy determined the tolerance of coral Galaxea fascicularis to environmental fluctuations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173694. [PMID: 38852868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of global change has resulted in heightened frequencies and intensities of environmental fluctuations within coral reef ecosystems. Corals originating from marginal reefs have potentially enhanced their adaptive capabilities in response to these environmental variations through processes of local adaptation. However, the intricate mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain a subject of limited investigation. This study aimed to investigate how corals in Luhuitou reef, a representative relatively high-latitude reef in China, adapt to seasonal fluctuations in seawater temperature and light availability. We conducted a 190-day plantation experiment with the widespread species, Galaxea fascicularis, in Luhuitou local, and from Meiji reef, a typical offshore tropical reef, to Luhuitou as comparison. Drawing upon insights from physiological adaptations, we focused on fatty acid (FA) profiles to unravel the trophic strategies of G. fascicularis to cope with environmental fluctuations from two origins. Our main findings are threefold: 1) Native corals exhibited a stronger physiological resilience compared to those transplanted from Meiji. 2) Corals from both origins consumed large quantities of energy reserves in winter, during which FA profiles of local corals altered, while the change of FA profiles of corals from Meiji was probably due to the excessive consumption of saturated fatty acid (SFA). 3) The better resilience of native corals is related to high levels of functional polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while insufficient nutrient reserves, possibly due to weak heterotrophic ability, result in the obstruction of the synthesis pathway of PUFA for corals from Meiji, leading to their intolerance to environmental changes. Consequently, we suggest that the tolerance of G. fascicularis to environmental fluctuations is determined by their local adapted trophic strategies. Furthermore, our findings underscore the notion that the rapid adaptation of relatively high-latitude corals to seasonal environmental fluctuations might not be readily attainable for their tropical counterparts within a brief timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Cheng-Yue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Lin-Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
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3
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Suhaimi N, Kumakubo R, Yoshino T, Maeda Y, Murata S, Tanaka T. Expansion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism of the oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris by genetic engineering. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:105-110. [PMID: 38825559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) are widely used as additives in fish feed in the aquaculture sector. To date, the supply of omega-3 PUFAs have heavily depended upon fish oil production. As the need for omega-3 PUFAs supply for the growing population increases, a more sustainable approach is required to keep up with the demand. The oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris is known to synthesize EPA with the highest level among autotrophically cultured microalgae, however, this species does not accumulate significant amounts of DHA, which, in some cases, is required in aquaculture rather than EPA. This is likely due to the lack of expression of essential enzymes namely Δ5 elongase (Δ5ELO) and Δ4 desaturase. In this study, we identified endogenous Δ5ELO genes in F. solaris and introduced recombinant expression cassettes harboring Δ5ELO into F. solaris through bacterial conjugation. As a result, it managed to induce the synthesis of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; C22:5n-3), a direct precursor of DHA. This study paves the way for expanding our understanding of the omega-3 PUFAs pathway using endogenous genes in the oleaginous diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraiza Suhaimi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryota Kumakubo
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murata
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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4
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Islam SMM, Siddik MAB, Sørensen M, Brinchmann MF, Thompson KD, Francis DS, Vatsos IN. Insect meal in aquafeeds: A sustainable path to enhanced mucosal immunity in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109625. [PMID: 38740231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish, including their intestines, gills, and skin, are constantly exposed to various environmental threats, such as water quality fluctuations, pollutants, and pathogens. However, various cells and microbiota closely associated with these surfaces work in tandem to create a functional protective barrier against these conditions. Recent research has shown that incorporating specific feed ingredients into fish diets can significantly boost their mucosal and general immune response. Among the various ingredients being investigated, insect meal has emerged as one of the most promising options, owing to its high protein content and immunomodulatory properties. By positively influencing the structure and function of mucosal surfaces, insect meal (IM) has the potential to enhance the overall immune status of fish. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits of incorporating IM into aquafeed as a feed ingredient for augmenting the mucosal immune response of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Majharul Islam
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Kim D Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Ioannis N Vatsos
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026, Bodø, Norway.
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5
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Dgebuadze YY, Sushchik NN, Mendsaikhan B, Altansukh D, Emelianova AY, Gladyshev MI. Composition and Content of Fatty Acids in Muscle Tissue of the Potanin Altai Osman Oreoleuciscus potanini (Cypriniformes, Actinopterigii) from Mongolian Reservoirs. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024:10.1134/S160767292470100X. [PMID: 38955914 DOI: 10.1134/s160767292470100x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids in the muscle tissue of the unique Central Asian carp-like fish, Potanin Altai osman Oreoleuciscus potanini, was studied for the first time. The populations of these fish in the reservoirs of the semiarid zone (Durgun and Taishir) during the period of their formation are considered. It was shown that the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in O. potanini corresponds to the median of this value in the order Cypriniformes. It was established that the basis of the food web of the herbivorous form of this species consists of microalgae (diatoms, Euglena and, possibly, chrysophytes), as well as bacteria. At the same time, the levels of bacterial biomarkers, 15-17BCFA and 17:0 were significantly higher in fish in the Durgun reservoir, whereas the level of EPA (diatom biomarker) in O. potanini was higher in the Taishir reservoir. The established higher values of the heavy nitrogen isotope content in the muscles of O. potanini from the Taishir reservoir are most likely associated with the yet unformed benthic communities and with the incomplete diversification of the riverine form of the Potanin Altai osman into lacustrine forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Dgebuadze
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center," Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - B Mendsaikhan
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulanbaatar-15170, Mongolia
| | - D Altansukh
- Western Regional Branch of National University of, Mongolia, Mongolia
| | - A Y Emelianova
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center," Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - M I Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center," Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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6
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Cecchi N, Romanelli R, Ricevuti F, Carbone MG, Dinardo M, Cesarano E, De Michele A, Messere G, Morra S, Scognamiglio A, Spagnuolo MI. Bioactives in Oral Nutritional Supplementation: A Pediatric Point of View. Nutrients 2024; 16:2067. [PMID: 38999815 PMCID: PMC11243142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) are crucial for supporting the nutritional needs of pediatric populations, particularly those with medical conditions or dietary deficiencies. Bioactive compounds within ONSs play a pivotal role in enhancing health outcomes by exerting various physiological effects beyond basic nutrition. However, the comprehensive understanding of these bioactives in pediatric ONSs remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This systematic narrative review aims to critically evaluate the existing literature concerning bioactive compounds present in oral nutritional supplements from a pediatric standpoint, focusing on their types, sources, bioavailability, physiological effects, and clinical implications. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across the major academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, employing predefined search terms related to oral nutritional supplements, bioactives, and pediatrics. Studies published between 2013 and 2024 were considered eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS The initial search yielded 558 of articles, of which 72 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies encompassed a diverse range of bioactive compounds present in pediatric ONS formulations, including, but not limited to, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and phytonutrients. These bioactives were sourced from various natural and synthetic origins and were found to exert beneficial effects on growth, development, immune function, gastrointestinal health, cognitive function, and overall well-being in pediatric populations. However, variations in bioavailability, dosing, and clinical efficacy were noted across different compounds and formulations. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive compounds in oral nutritional supplements offer promising avenues for addressing the unique nutritional requirements and health challenges faced by pediatric populations. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the optimal composition, dosage, and clinical applications of these bioactives in pediatric ONS formulations. A deeper understanding of these bioactive compounds and their interplay with pediatric health may pave the way for personalized and effective nutritional interventions in pediatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cecchi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricevuti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Carbone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Dinardo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cesarano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Michele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messere
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Morra
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Scognamiglio
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
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Arsecularatne A, Kapini R, Liu Y, Chang D, Münch G, Zhou X. Combination Therapy for Sustainable Fish Oil Products: Improving Cognitive Function with n-3 PUFA and Natural Ingredients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1237. [PMID: 38927446 PMCID: PMC11201817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are recommended as beneficial dietary supplements for enhancing cognitive function. Although fish oil (FO) is renowned for its abundant n-3 PUFA content, combining FO with other natural products is considered as a viable option to support the sustainable development of FO products. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the advanced effects of combining FO or its components of DHA and EPA with natural products on protecting cognitive function. In two double-blind random control trials, no advanced effects were observed for adding curcumin to FO on cerebral function protection. However, 16 week's treatment of FO combined with vitamin E did not yield any advanced effects in cognitive factor scores. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that combinations of FO with natural products can exhibit advanced effects in addressing pathological components in cognitive impairment, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival. In conclusion, evidence from clinical trials for beneficial use of FO and natural ingredients combination is lacking. Greater cohesion is needed between preclinical and clinical data to substantiate the efficacy of FO and natural product combinations in preventing or slowing the progression of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Arsecularatne
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rotina Kapini
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Paramatta, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Gerald Münch
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (A.A.); (R.K.); (D.C.); (G.M.)
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8
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Botana MT, Fu Y, Huang L, Jiang L, Yu X, Luo Y, Huang H. The bioenergetics response of the coral Pocillopora damicornis to temperature changes during its reproduction stage. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106557. [PMID: 38823094 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction of reef-building corals is vital for coral reef ecosystem recovery. Corals allocate limited energy to growth and reproduction, when being under environmental disturbance, which ultimately shapes the community population dynamics. In the present study, energetic and physiological parameters of both parental colonies and larvae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis were measured during their reproduction stage under four temperatures; 28 °C (low-temperature acclimation, LA), 29 °C (control temperature, CT), 31 °C (high-temperature acclimation, HA), and 32 °C (heat stress, HS). The results showed temperature changes altered the larvae release timing and fecundity in P. damicornis. Parental colonies exposed to the LA treatment exhibited reduced investment in reproduction and released fewer larvae, while retaining more energy for their development. However, each larva acquired higher energy and symbiont densities enabling survival through longer planktonic periods before settlement. In contrast, parental colonies exposed to the HA treatment had increased investment for reproduction and larvae output, while per larva gained less energy to mitigate the threat of higher temperature. Furthermore, the energy allocation processes restructured fatty acids concentration and composition in both parental colonies and larvae as indicated by shifts in membrane fluidity under adaptable temperature changes. Notably, parental colonies from the HS treatment expended more energy in response to heat stress, resulting in adverse effects, especially after larval release. Our study expands the current knowledge on the energy allocation strategies of P. damicornis and how it is impacted by temperature. Parental colonies employed different energy allocation strategies under distinct temperature regimes to optimize their development and offspring success, but under heat stress, both were compromised. Lipid metabolism is essential for the success of coral reproduction and further understanding their response to heat stress can improve intervention strategies for coral reef conservation in warmer future oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Marina Tonetti Botana
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yousi Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Lintao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch (HKB) of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.
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Song Y, Yang X, Li S, Luo Y, Chang JS, Hu Z. Thraustochytrids as a promising source of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols: bioactive compound biosynthesis, and modern biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:618-640. [PMID: 37158096 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are eukaryotes and obligate marine protists. They are increasingly considered to be a promising feed additive because of their superior and sustainable application in the production of health-benefiting bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols. Moreover, the increasing demand makes it critical to rationally design the targeted products by engineering industrial strains. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in thraustochytrids were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Metabolic networks and biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols were methodically summarized. Further, stress-based strategies used in thraustochytrids were reviewed to explore the potential methodologies for enhancing specific product yields. There are internal relationships between the biosynthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols in thraustochytrids since they share some branches of the synthetic routes with some intermediate substrates in common. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these compounds are being synthesized in thraustochytrids still remains uncovered. Further, combined with omics technologies to deeply understand the mechanism and effects of different stresses is necessary, which could provide guidance for genetic engineering. While gene-editing technology has allowed targeted gene knock-in and knock-outs in thraustochytrids, efficient gene editing is still required. This critical review will provide comprehensive information to benefit boosting the commercial productivity of specific bioactive substances by thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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10
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Boukouvala E, Krey G. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors of Ray-Finned Fish: Unique Structures, Elusive Functions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:634. [PMID: 38927038 PMCID: PMC11201486 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Actinopterygian and specifically the Teleostean peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) present an impressive variability and complexity in their structures, both at the gene and protein levels. These structural differences may also reflect functional divergence from their mammalian homologs, or even between fish species. This review, taking advantage of the data generated from the whole-genome sequencing of several fish species, highlights the differences in the primary structure of the receptors, while discussing results from the literature pertaining to the functions of fish PPARs and their activation by natural and synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Boukouvala
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Grigorios Krey
- Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), 64007 Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
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11
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Wang K, Song T, Ke L, Sun Y, Ye J. Dietary High Levels of Coconut Oil Replacing Fish Oil Did Not Affect Growth, but Promoted Liver Lipid Deposition of Orange-Spotted Groupers ( Epinephelus coioides). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1534. [PMID: 38891580 PMCID: PMC11171206 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an 8-week feeding trial to investigate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with coconut oil (CO) on the growth performance, blood components, tissue fatty acid (FA) profile, and mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Five isolipidic and isoproteic diets were formulated through increasing the CO levels (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively). Triplicate groups of twenty-five fish (initial wet weight of about 22.4 g/fish) were fed one of the diets twice daily to apparent satiety. The 25% CO diet had the highest growth rate and feed utilization, and the 100% CO diet exhibited a comparable growth and feed utilization with that of the control diet, indicating a suitable FO substitute. Moreover, the hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat rate, liver lipid content, as well as the serum HDL-C content and ALT activity had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but the serum TC and LDL-C contents exhibited the opposite trend, with an increasing CO inclusion level. The FA profile in the liver and muscle generally mirrored the FA profile in the feed. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the fas, acc, g6pd, srebp-1c, and δ6fad genes in the liver had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but the mRNA levels of elovl 4 and elovl 5 had the opposite trend, with increasing dietary CO inclusion levels. When compared with the control diet, 25% and 50% CO diets up-regulated the mRNA levels of cpt 1, while the 75% and 100% CO diets down-regulated its mRNA levels. The hsl and atgl were down-regulated through the addition of dietary CO. The mRNA level of lpl was not affected by dietary treatments. Results showed that CO could completely replace FO without affecting growth performance, but high CO will lead to the significant liver lipid deposition and lower LC-PUFAs contents of fish flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jidan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (K.W.); (T.S.); (L.K.); (Y.S.)
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12
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Wang X, Cui S, Liu J, Ye Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Tang M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Huang W. The same species, different nutrients: Lipidomics analysis of muscle in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) fed with lard oil and fish oil. Food Chem 2024; 440:138174. [PMID: 38160593 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aiming to assess the effects of lard oil (LO) and fish oil (FO) on the nutritional value of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain), non-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed on the muscle of crabs after eight weeks of feeding trail. Compared to FO, dietary LO reduced the content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) with 18:0 bound at sn-1/3 site, the content of ether phospholipids containing 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) combined at sn-2 site, and increased the content of ether PE containing 18:0 and 18:1n-9. Furthermore, the deposition of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, EPA and DHA at each site of PE, PS, phosphatidylcholine and/or triacylglycerols were reduced by dietary LO, while the DHA content at the sn-2 position of PE was increased. In conclusion, the nutritional value of mud crabs was reduced by dietary LO with the manifestation of variation in FA composition and positional distribution on phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed of Fujian Province, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Jimei University), P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, P.R.China.
| | - Shihui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zihao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yifang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde 352100, China
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13
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Helamieh M, Reich M, Rohne P, Riebesell U, Kerner M, Kümmerer K. Impact of green and blue-green light on the growth, pigment concentration, and fatty acid unsaturation in the microalga Monoraphidium braunii. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:587-595. [PMID: 37882377 DOI: 10.1111/php.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The spectral composition of light is an important factor for the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. Several blue light-regulated metabolic processes have already been identified in the industrially relevant microalga Monoraphidium braunii. However, little is known about the spectral impact on this species' growth, fatty acid (FA), and pigment composition. In this study, M. braunii was cultivated under different light spectra (white light: 400-700 nm, blue light: 400-550 nm, green light: 450-600 nm, and red light: 580-700 nm) at 25°C for 96 h. The growth was monitored daily. Additionally, the FA composition, and pigment concentration was analyzed after 96 h. The highest biomass production was observed upon white light and red light irradiation. However, green light also led to comparably high biomass production, fueling the scientific debate about the contribution of weakly absorbed light wavelengths to microalgal biomass production. All light spectra (white, blue, and green) that comprised blue-green light (450-550 nm) led to a higher degree of FA unsaturation and a greater concentration of all identified pigments than red light. These results further contribute to the growing understanding that blue-green light is an essential trigger for maximized pigment concentration and FA unsaturation in green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Helamieh
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
- Strategic Science Consult Ltd., Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reich
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Rohne
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Therapeutical Life Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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14
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Nasri K, Ben Jamaa N, Gaigi SS, Feki M, Marrakchi R. Association of MTHFR (C677T, A1298C) and MTRR A66G polymorphisms with fatty acids profile and risk of neural tube defects. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2333. [PMID: 38716581 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine if 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) gene polymorphisms were associated with fatty acid (FA) levels in mothers of fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs) and whether these associations were modified by environmental factors. METHODS Plasma FA composition was assessed using capillary gas chromatography. Concentrations of studied FA were compared between 42 mothers of NTDs fetuses and 30 controls as a function of each polymorphism by the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. RESULTS In MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism, cases with (CT + TT) genotype had lower monounsaturated FAs (MUFA) and omega-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) levels, but higher omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (n-6 PUFA) and omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs: omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs (n-6:n-3) ratio levels. In MTRR gene A66G polymorphism, cases with (AG + GG) genotype had lower MUFA levels, but higher PUFA and n-6 PUFA levels. Controls with (AG + GG) genotype had lower n-6 PUFA levels. In MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism, cases with smoking spouses and (CT + TT) genotype had lower MUFA and n-3 PUFA levels, but higher PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and n-6:n-3 ratio levels. Cases with (CT + TT) genotype and who used sauna during pregnancy had lower n-3 PUFA levels. In MTRR gene A66G polymorphism, cases with (AG + GG) genotype and who used sauna during pregnancy had higher PUFA and n-6 PUFA levels. CONCLUSIONS Further research is required to clarify the association of FA metabolism and (MTHFR, MTRR) polymorphisms with NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Nasri
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
- Service of Embryo-Fetopathology, Center for Maternity and Neonatology of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Jamaa
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumeya Siala Gaigi
- Service of Embryo-Fetopathology, Center for Maternity and Neonatology of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis El Manar University Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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15
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Péron M, Gonzalvez R, Hue S, Soudant P, Le Grand F, Mazurais D, Vagner M. Spatial and ontogenetic modulation of fatty acid composition in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from two French estuaries. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106456. [PMID: 38522120 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated how estuary of origin and ontogenetic stage influence the fatty acid (FA) composition in the tissues of wild European sea bass juvenile. We evidenced tissue-specific patterns, with the brain exhibiting a distinct FA composition from the liver and muscle. Ontogenetic stage and estuary influenced the general FA profile, and particularly the essential FA (EFA) like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) in all tissues. The data also revealed the ability of wild sea bass to modulate, at the molecular level, FA biosynthesis pathways and suggest a potential dietary DHA limitation in the natural environment. The distribution of FA within tissues might reflect shifts in diet, metabolic demands, or adaptations to environmental conditions. This study provides insights about FA dynamics in euryhaline fish during juvenile life stage, improving our understanding of the metabolism need and EFA trophic availability in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Péron
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France.
| | - Romain Gonzalvez
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Sarah Hue
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO - Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Université du Havre Normandie, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - David Mazurais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie Vagner
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
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16
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Shm YJ, Cho SH, Kim T. Fish Meal Substitution Effects with the Combined Animal Proteins in the Feeds of Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) on Growth Performance, Feed Availability, and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1162. [PMID: 38672310 PMCID: PMC11047421 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the substitution impact of fish meal (FM) with the combined meat meal and chicken by-product meal (CMC) in the olive flounder (P. olivaceus) feeds on growth and feed availability. Seven experimental feeds were formulated. The control (CMC0) diet included 65% FM. In the CMC0 diet, the various (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) levels of FM were replaced with CMC, named as the CMC10, CMC20, CMC40, CMC60, CMC80, and CMC100 diets, respectively. The total number of 525 juvenile fish (9.2 ± 0.01 g; mean ± SD) was placed into 21 50-L flow-through tanks (25 juveniles/tank) with three replicates. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. After the 8-week feeding experiment, olive flounder fed the CMC10 (40.0 ± 0.60 g/fish, 2.99 ± 0.021%/day, and 39.57 ± 0.542 g/fish; mean ± SD), CMC20 (47.3 ± 2.58 g/fish, 3.24 ± 0.082%/day, and 45.16 ± 0.760 g/fish), and CMC40 (40.2 ± 1.17 g/fish, 3.00 ± 0.040%/day, and 39.43 ± 0.930 g/fish) diets attained superior (p < 0.0001 for all) weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed consumption compared to olive flounder fed the CMC0 (35.1 ± 0.96 g/fish, 2.81 ± 0.039%/day, and 33.75 ± 0.544 g/fish), CMC60 (31.7 ± 1.62 g/fish, 2.66 ± 0.068%/day, and 31.60 ± 1.080 g/fish), CMC80 (24.7 ± 0.63 g/fish, 2.33 ± 0.033%/day, and 25.27 ± 0.689 g/fish), and CMC100 (17.8 ± 0.32 g/fish, 1.92 ± 0.021%/day, and 18.99 ± 0.592 g/fish, respectively) diets. Weight gain, SGR, and feed consumption of olive flounder fed the CMC60 diet were comparable to olive flounder fed the CMC0 diet. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of olive flounder fed the CMC60 diet (1.02 ± 0.007 and 1.79 ± 0.034) were comparable to fish fed the CMC0 diet (1.04 ± 0.012 and 1.85 ± 0.021, respectively). None of the plasma and serum measurements, proximate composition, amino acid profiles, or survival of olive flounder after S. iniae infection were influenced by dietary treatments. In conclusion, CMC can substitute FM up to 60% (39% FM protein in the diet) without deteriorating growth performance, feed availability, or the survival of fish after S. iniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Shm
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Hwoan Cho
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taeho Kim
- Division of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea;
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17
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Madina MA, Grimaldo E, Grimsmo L, Toldnes B, Slizyte R, Carvajal AK, Schei M, Selnes M, Falch E. Exploring the Potential of Atlantic Mesopelagic Species Processed on Board Commercial Fishing Vessels as a Source of Dietary Lipids. Foods 2024; 13:1094. [PMID: 38611398 PMCID: PMC11011569 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of untapped mesopelagic species as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) to meet the growing demand. The challenges faced by commercial fishing vessels, such as varying catch rates and species distribution affecting lipid levels, are addressed. Marine oils were produced post-catch using thermal separation and enzymatic hydrolysis during four commercial cruises, screening approximately 20,000 kg of mixed mesopelagic species. Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale were the dominant species in the catch, while krill was the primary bycatch. The lipid composition varied, with B. glaciale having a higher prevalence of wax esters, while triacylglycerols and phospholipids were more predominant in the other species. LC n-3 PUFAs ranged from 19% to 44% of lipids, with an average EPA + DHA content of 202 mg/g of oil. Both processing methods achieved oil recoveries of over 90%. Estimates indicate that the mesopelagic biomass in the Northeast Atlantic could supply annual recommended levels of EPA + DHA to 1.5 million people, promoting healthy heart and brain functions. These findings offer valuable insights for considering mesopelagic species as a potential source of dietary marine lipids, laying the groundwork for further research and innovation in processing and obtaining valuable compounds from such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Madina
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduardo Grimaldo
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leif Grimsmo
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik Toldnes
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rasa Slizyte
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ana Karina Carvajal
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marte Schei
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Merethe Selnes
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Falch
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Jia YL, Zhang Y, Xu LW, Zhang ZX, Xu YS, Ma W, Gu Y, Sun XM. Enhanced fatty acid storage combined with the multi-factor optimization of fermentation for high-level production of docosahexaenoic acid in Schizochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130532. [PMID: 38447618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. hasreceived much attention for itsability to synthesize and accumulate high-level docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which can reach nearly 40 % of total fatty acids. In this study, the titer of DHA in Schizochytrium sp. was successfully improved by enhancing DHA storage through overexpressing the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (ScDGAT2C) gene, as well as optimizing the supply of precursors and cofactors required for DHA synthesis by response surface methodology. Notably, malic acid, citric acid, and biotin showed synergistic and time-dependent effects on DHA accumulation. The maximum lipid and DHA titers of the engineered Schizochytrium sp. strain reached 84.28 ± 1.02 g/L and 42.23 ± 0.69 g/L, respectively, with the optimal concentration combination (1.62 g/L malic acid + 0.37 g/L citric acid + 8.28 mg/L biotin) were added 48 h after inoculation. This study provides an effective strategy for improving lipid and DHA production in Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Jia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lu-Wei Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China.
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Papadaki S, Tricha N, Panagiotopoulou M, Krokida M. Innovative Bioactive Products with Medicinal Value from Microalgae and Their Overall Process Optimization through the Implementation of Life Cycle Analysis-An Overview. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:152. [PMID: 38667769 PMCID: PMC11050870 DOI: 10.3390/md22040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are being recognized as valuable sources of bioactive chemicals with important medical properties, attracting interest from multiple industries, such as food, feed, cosmetics, and medicines. This review study explores the extensive research on identifying important bioactive chemicals from microalgae, and choosing the best strains for nutraceutical manufacturing. It explores the most recent developments in recovery and formulation strategies for creating stable, high-purity, and quality end products for various industrial uses. This paper stresses the significance of using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) as a strategic tool with which to improve the entire process. By incorporating LCA into decision-making processes, researchers and industry stakeholders can assess the environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of raw materials of several approaches. This comprehensive strategy will allow for the choosing of the most effective techniques, which in turn will promote sustainable practices for developing microalgae-based products. This review offers a detailed analysis of the bioactive compounds, strain selection methods, advanced processing techniques, and the incorporation of LCA. It will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and industry experts interested in utilizing microalgae for producing bioactive products with medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Papadaki
- DIGNITY Private Company, 30-32 Leoforos Alexandrou Papagou, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Tricha
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Margarita Panagiotopoulou
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalini Krokida
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (M.P.); (M.K.)
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20
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Berzal G, García-García P, Señoráns FJ. Integrated Process for Schizochytrium Oil Extraction, Enzymatic Modification of Lipids and Concentration of DHA Fatty Acid Esters Using Alternative Methodologies. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:146. [PMID: 38667763 PMCID: PMC11051022 DOI: 10.3390/md22040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae Schizochytrium sp. have a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that is attracting interest since it prevents certain neurodegenerative diseases. The obtention of a bioactive and purified DHA fatty acid ester using a whole-integrated process in which renewable sources and alternative methodologies are employed is the aim of this study. For this reason, lyophilized Schizochytrium biomass was used as an alternative to fish oil, and advanced extraction techniques as well as enzymatic modification were studied. Microalgal oil extraction was optimized via a surface-response method using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) obtaining high oil yields (29.06 ± 0.12%) with a high concentration of DHA (51.15 ± 0.72%). Then, the enzymatic modification of Schizochytrium oil was developed by ethanolysis using immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase (Novozym® 435) at two reaction temperatures and different enzymatic loads. The best condition (40 °C and 200 mg of lipase) produced the highest yield of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) (100%) after 8 h of a reaction attaining a cost-effective and alternative process. Finally, an enriched and purified fraction containing DHA-FAEE was obtained using open-column chromatography with a remarkably high concentration of 93.2 ± 1.3% DHA. The purified and bioactive molecules obtained in this study can be used as nutraceutical and active pharmaceutical intermediates of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Javier Señoráns
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Food Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.B.); (P.G.-G.)
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21
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Chen F, He Y, Li X, Zhu H, Li Y, Xie D. Improvement in Muscle Fatty Acid Bioavailability and Volatile Flavor in Tilapia by Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Nutrition Strategy. Foods 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38611311 PMCID: PMC11011702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the modification of muscle quality of farmed tilapia through dietary fatty acid strategies, two diets were formulated. Diet SO, using soybean oil as the lipid source, and diet BO, using blended soybean and linseed oils, each including 0.58% and 1.35% α-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively, were formulated to feed juvenile tilapia for 10 weeks. The muscular nutrition composition, positional distribution of fatty acid in triglycerides (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs), volatile flavor, lipid mobilization and oxidation were then analyzed. The results showed that there was no distinct difference between the SO and BO groups in terms of the nutrition composition, including crude protein, crude lipid, TAGs, PLs, and amino acid. Although the fatty acid distribution characteristics in ATGs and PLs showed a similar trend in the two groups, a higher level of n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) and n-3 LC-PUFA (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid) bound to the glycerol backbone of TAGs and PLs was detected in the BO group than the SO group, whereas the opposite was true for n-6 PUFA. Additionally, the muscular volatile aldehyde and alcohol levels were higher in the BO group. Moreover, the expression of enzymatic genes and protein activities related to lipid mobilization (LPL, LPCAT, DGAT) and oxidation (LOX and GPX) was higher in the BO group. The results demonstrate that high-ALA diets may improve the fatty acid bioavailability and volatile flavor of tilapia by improving the lipid mobilization and oxidation, which provides new ideas for the improvement of muscle quality in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hangbo Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (Y.H.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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22
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Liu G, Li L, Song S, Ma Q, Wei Y, Liang M, Xu H. Marine Fish Oil Replacement with Lard or Basa Fish ( Pangasius bocourti) Offal Oil in the Diet of Tiger Puffer ( Takifugu rubripes): Effects on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Flesh Quality. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:997. [PMID: 38612236 PMCID: PMC11011091 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lard (LD) and Basa fish offal oil (BFO) have similar fatty acid profiles, both containing high contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of partial or complete replacement of marine fish oil (MFO, herring oil) by LD or BFO in the diets of tiger puffer. The control diet contained 49.1% crude protein and 9.28% crude lipid content including 6% added MFO. In other diets, 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of the added MFO was replaced by LD or BFO, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks of juvenile fish (initial body weight, 13.88 g). A 46-day feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through seawater system. Each diet was fed to triplicate 200-L rectangular polyethylene tanks, each of which was stocked with 30 fish. Fish were fed to satiation three times a day. The complete replacement of added MFO (replacing 65% of the total crude lipid) had no adverse effects on fish growth performance in terms of survival (>94%), weight gain (360-398%), feed intake (2.37-3.04%), feed conversion ratio (0.84-1.02), and somatic indices. The dietary LD or BFO supplementation also had marginal effects on fish body proximate composition, biochemical parameters, muscle texture, and water-holding ability, as well as the hepatic expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Partial (2/3) replacement of added MFO by LD or BFO did not significantly reduce the muscle n-3 LC-PUFA content, indicating the n-3 LC-PUFA sparing effects of SFA and MUFA in LD and BFO. In general, dietary LD or BFO reduced the peroxidation level and led to significant changes in the muscle volatile flavor compound profile, which were probably attributed to the change in fatty acid composition. The results of this study evidenced that LD and BFO are good potential lipid sources for tiger puffer feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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23
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Montoya‐Arroyo A, Muñoz‐González A, Lehnert K, Frick K, Schmid‐Staiger U, Vetter W, Frank J. Monodopsis subterranea is a source of α-tocomonoenol, and its concentration, in contrast to α-tocopherol, is not affected by nitrogen depletion. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1869-1879. [PMID: 38455160 PMCID: PMC10916641 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Tomonoenols (αT1) are tocochromanols structurally related to tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3), the bioactive members of the vitamin E family. However, limited evidence exists regarding the sources and biosynthesis of tocomonoenols. Nitrogen depletion increases the content of α-tocopherol (αT), the main vitamin E congener, in microalgae, but little is known regarding its effect on other tocochromanols, such as tocomonoenols and tocotrienols. We therefore quantified the concentrations of T, T1, and T3, in freeze-dried biomass from nitrogen-sufficient, and nitrogen-depleted Monodopsis subterranea (Eustigmatophyceae). The identities of isomers of αT1 were confirmed by LC-MS and GC-MS. αT was the predominant tocochromanol (82% of total tocochromanols). αT1 was present in higher quantities than the sum of all T3 (6% vs. 1% of total tocochromanols). 11'-αT1 was the main αT1 isomer. Nitrogen depletion increased αT, but not αT1 or T3 in M. subterranea. In conclusion, nitrogen depletion increased the content of αT, the biologically most active form of vitamin E, in M. subterranea without affecting αT1 and T3 and could potentially be used as a strategy to enhance its nutritional value but not to increase αT1 content, indicating that αT1 accumulation is independent of that of αT in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Muñoz‐González
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences (140b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- School of Food TechnologyUniversity of Costa RicaSan PedroCosta Rica
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Konstantin Frick
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma TechnologyUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Ulrike Schmid‐Staiger
- Innovation Field Functional IngredientsFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences (140b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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24
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Willer DF, Newton R, Malcorps W, Kok B, Little D, Lofstedt A, de Roos B, Robinson JPW. Wild fish consumption can balance nutrient retention in farmed fish. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:221-229. [PMID: 38509235 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Wild fish used as aquafeeds could be redirected towards human consumption to support sustainable marine resource use. Here we use mass-balance fish-in/fish-out ratio approaches to assess nutrient retention in salmon farming and identify scenarios that provide more nutrient-rich food to people. Using data on Norway's salmon farms, our study revealed that six of nine dietary nutrients had higher yields in wild fish used for feeds, such as anchovies and mackerel, than in farmed salmon production. Reallocating one-third of food-grade wild feed fish towards direct human consumption would increase seafood production, while also retaining by-products for use as aquafeeds, thus maximizing nutrient utilization of marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Willer
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Richard Newton
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Wesley Malcorps
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Bjorn Kok
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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25
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Alavianghavanini A, Shayesteh H, Bahri PA, Vadiveloo A, Moheimani NR. Microalgae cultivation for treating agricultural effluent and producing value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169369. [PMID: 38104821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated within agricultural sectors such as dairies, piggeries, poultry farms, and cattle meat processing plants is expected to reach 600 million m3 yr-1 globally. Currently, the wastewater produced by these industries are primarily treated by aerobic and anaerobic methods. However, the treated effluent maintains a significant concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. On the other hand, the valorisation of conventional microalgae biomass into bioproducts with high market value still requires expensive processing pathways such as dewatering and extraction. Consequently, cultivating microalgae using agricultural effluents shows the potential as a future technology for producing value-added products and treated water with low nutrient content. This review explores the feasibility of growing microalgae on agricultural effluents and their ability to remove nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition to evaluating the market size and value of products from wastewater-grown microalgae, we also analysed their biochemical characteristics including protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and pigment content. Furthermore, we assessed the costs of both upstream and downstream processing of biomass to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic potential of the process. The findings from this study are expected to facilitate further techno-economic and feasibility assessments by providing insights into optimized processing pathways and ultimately leading to the reduction of costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Alavianghavanini
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hajar Shayesteh
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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26
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Derbyshire EJ, Birch CS, Bonwick GA, English A, Metcalfe P, Li W. Optimal omegas - barriers and novel methods to narrow omega-3 gaps. A narrative review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325099. [PMID: 38371504 PMCID: PMC10869628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are central to development and health across the life course. O3LC-PUFAs have been linked to neurological development, maternal and child health and the etiology of certain non-communicable diseases including age-related cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, dietary inadequacies exist in the United Kingdom and on a wider global scale. One predominant dietary source of O3LC-PUFAs is fish and fish oils. However, growing concerns about overfishing, oceanic contaminants such as dioxins and microplastics and the trend towards plant-based diets appear to be acting as cumulative barriers to O3LC-PUFAs from these food sources. Microalgae are an alternative provider of O3LC-PUFA-rich oils. The delivery of these into food systems is gaining interest. The present narrative review aims to discuss the present barriers to obtaining suitable levels of O3LC-PUFAs for health and wellbeing. It then discusses potential ways forward focusing on innovative delivery methods to utilize O3LC-PUFA-rich oils including the use of fortification strategies, bioengineered plants, microencapsulation, and microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Phil Metcalfe
- Efficiency Technologies Limited, Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
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27
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Monteiro JP, Domingues MR, Calado R. Marine Animal Co-Products-How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38393044 PMCID: PMC10890326 DOI: 10.3390/md22020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine lipids are recognized for their-health promoting features, mainly for being the primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and are therefore critical for human nutrition in an age when the global supply for these nutrients is experiencing an unprecedent pressure due to an ever-increasing demand. The seafood industry originates a considerable yield of co-products worldwide that, while already explored for other purposes, remain mostly undervalued as sustainable sources of healthy lipids, often being explored for low-value oil production. These co-products are especially appealing as lipid sources since, besides the well-known nutritional upside of marine animal fat, which is particularly rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, they also have interesting bioactive properties, which may garner them further interest, not only as food, but also for other high-end applications. Besides the added value that these co-products may represent as valuable lipid sources, there is also the obvious ecological upside of reducing seafood industry waste. In this sense, repurposing these bioresources will contribute to a more sustainable use of marine animal food, reducing the strain on already heavily depleted seafood stocks. Therefore, untapping the potential of marine animal co-products as valuable lipid sources aligns with both health and environmental goals by guaranteeing additional sources of healthy lipids and promoting more eco-conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Monteiro
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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28
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Dhanker R, Saxena A, Tiwari A, Kumar Singh P, Kumar Patel A, Dahms HU, Hwang JS, González-Meza GM, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Towards sustainable diatom biorefinery: Recent trends in cultivation and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129905. [PMID: 37923226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, with their complex cellular architecture, have been recognized as a source of limitless potential. These microbes are common in freshwater and marine habitats and are essential for primary production and carbon sequestration. They are excellent at utilizing nutrients, providing a sustainable method of treating wastewater while also producing biomass rich in beneficial substances like vitamins, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, pigments, and novel bioactive molecules. Additionally, they are highly efficient organisms that can be employed to monitor the environment by acting as trustworthy indicators of water quality. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of diatoms in a variety of fields, such as bioremediation, aquaculture, value-added products, and other applications. The review set out on a path towards greener, more sustainable methods amicable to both industry and the environment by utilizing theenormous diverse biotechnological potentials of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dhanker
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City-804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- National Taiwan Ocean University, Institute of Marine Biology, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Georgia Maria González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Homroy S, Chopra R, Singh PK, Dhiman A, Chand M, Talwar B. Role of encapsulation on the bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13272. [PMID: 38284597 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) have been widely recognized for their therapeutic advantages, including anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. They have shown promise in enhancing regulatory function, promotingdevelopment and mitigating the progression of diabetes and cancer. The scientific communities, along with industries, are actively endorsing initiatives aimed at increasing the daily intake of lipids rich in omega-3 FAs. Nevertheless, incorporating polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) into food products poses several challenges due to their susceptibility to oxidation when exposed to oxygen, high temperatures, and moisture. This oxidative deterioration results in undesirable flavours and a loss of nutritional value. Various methods, including physical blending, interesterification, and encapsulation, have been utilized as ways to enhance the stability of edible oils rich in PUFA against oxidation. Encapsulation has emerged as a proven strategy for enhancing the oxidative stability and functional properties of omega-3 FA-rich oils. Multiple encapsulation methods have been developed to stabilize and improve the delivery of omega-3 FAs in food products. The selection of an appropriate encapsulation method depends on the desired application of the encapsulated oil. In addition, encapsulation enhances the bioavailability of omega-3 FAs by promoting increased absorption of the encapsulated form in the intestinal epithelium. This review discusses the techniques and principles of omega-3 FA-rich oil encapsulation and its role in improving stability and bioavailability. Furthermore, it also investigates the potential health benefits of these encapsulated oils. This review explores the variations in bioavailability based on encapsulation techniques and processing, offering vital insights for nutrition and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Homroy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Singh
- Department of Food and Nutrition & Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Chand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Binanshu Talwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
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Marrero M, Monroig Ó, Pérez JA, Betancor MB, Galindo A, Bolaños A, Acosta NG, Rodríguez C. Dietary LC-PUFA and environmental salinity modulate the fatty acid biosynthesis capacity of the euryhaline teleost thicklip grey mullet (Chelon labrosus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110865. [PMID: 37230375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to biosynthesise long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) depends upon the complement and function of key enzymes commonly known as fatty acyl desaturases and elongases. The presence of a Δ5/Δ6 desaturase enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) through the "Sprecher pathway" has been reported in Chelon labrosus. Research in other teleosts have demonstrated that LC-PUFA biosynthesis can be modulated by diet and ambient salinity. The present study aimed to assess the combined effects of partial dietary replacement of fish oil (FO) by vegetable oil (VO) and reduced ambient salinity (35 ppt vs 20 ppt) on the fatty acid composition of muscle, enterocytes and hepatocytes of C. labrosus juveniles. Moreover, the enzymatic activity over radiolabelled [1-14C] 18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) and [1-14C] 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) to biosynthesise n-3 LC-PUFA in hepatocytes and enterocytes, and the gene regulation of the C. labrosus fatty acid desaturase-2 (fads2) and elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 (elovl5) in liver and intestine was also investigated. Recovery of radiolabelled products including stearidonic acid (18:4n-3, SDA), 20:5n-3, tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3, THA) and 22:6n-3 in all treatments except FO35-fish, provided compelling evidence that a complete pathway enabling the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA from ALA is present and active in C. labrosus. Low salinity conditions upregulated fads2 in hepatocytes and elovl5 in both cell types, regardless of dietary composition. Interestingly, FO20-fish showed the highest amount of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle, while no differences in VO-fish reared at both salinities were found. These results demonstrate a compensatory capacity of C. labrosus to biosynthesise n-3 LC-PUFA under reduced dietary supply, and emphasise the potential of low salinity conditions to stimulate this pathway in euryhaline fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marrero
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - José A Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Ana Galindo
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana Bolaños
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - N Guadalupe Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
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Tan K, Lim L, Peng Y, Cheong KL. Effects of food processing on the lipid nutritional quality of commercially important fish and shellfish. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101034. [PMID: 38144794 PMCID: PMC10739925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish and shellfish are important sources of high quality lipids, especially omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In most countries, seafood is eaten cooked to eliminate any potential parasites and pathogens. In addition, cold storage plays an important role in extending the shelf life of seafood. However, both cooking and storage processes can cause alterations in the lipid content and fatty acid profile of fish and shellfish. Although the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish have recently been reviewed, these reviews mainly focus on raw seafood, and information on the impact of food processing on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish still lacks coherence. Therefore, this study was carried out to provides a critical reviews on the effects of food processing, especially cooking and cold storge, on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish. Overall, from the perspective of lipid nutritional quality, baking and steaming are the most recommended cooking methods for fish and shellfish, respectively, while it is strongly not recommended to fry seafood with margarine. For cold storage, 3 days and 2 weeks are the most recommended storage periods for refrigeration and frozen storage, respectively. This article can provides consumers with useful information to choose food preparation and storage methods based on their personal interest in specific lipid nutritional quality indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Leongseng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ya Peng
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Conde T, Neves B, Couto D, Melo T, Lopes D, Pais R, Batista J, Cardoso H, Silva JL, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Polar Lipids of Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Mitigate the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:629. [PMID: 38132950 PMCID: PMC10745121 DOI: 10.3390/md21120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a relevant source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive products, lipids, mainly glycolipids, have been shown to present immunomodulatory properties with the potential to mitigate chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of polar lipids isolated from Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis. Three fractions enriched in (1) digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), (2) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and (3) diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and phospholipids (PL) were obtained from the total lipid extracts (TE) of N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis, and their anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by analyzing their capacity to counteract nitric oxide (NO) production and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. For both microalgae, TE and Fractions 1 and 3 strongly inhibited NO production, although to different extents. A strong reduction in the LPS-induced transcription of Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b was observed for N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis lipids. The most active fractions were the DGTS-and-PL-enriched fraction from N. oceanica and the DGDG-and-SQDG-enriched fraction from C. amblystomatis. Our results reveal that microalgae lipids have strong anti-inflammatory capacity and may be explored as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals, offering a natural solution to tackle chronic inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Diana Lopes
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Rita Pais
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Joana Batista
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Helena Cardoso
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Joana Laranjeira Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Pedro Domingues
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
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Ranjan A, Kumar S, Sahu NP, Deo AD, Jain KK. Complimentary effect of exogenous enzymes, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids supplemented de-oiled rice bran (DORB) based diets on hematology, liver and intestinal histoarchitecture in Labeo rohita. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3609-3616. [PMID: 36866847 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2184697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the hematology, liver, and intestinal histoarchitecture of Labeo rohita fed with a combination of exogenous enzymes, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids to DORB (De-oiled rice bran) based diets. Three treatments viz., T1 [DORB + phytase and xylanase (0.01% each)], T2 [DORB + phytase (0.01%) + xylanase (0.01%) + L-lysine(1.4%) + L-methionine (0.4%) + EPA and DHA (0.5%)] and T3 [DORB + phytase (0.01%), xylanase and cellulase (0.075%) + L-lysine (1.4%) +L-methionine (0.4%) + EPA and DHA (0.5%)] were used in the present study. Serum total protein, albumin content and A/G ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) among groups. Globulin content did not vary significantly among groups (p ≥ 0.05). The Hb content, RBC and MCV count varied significantly (p < 0.05) whereas MCH, MCHC content, WBC and lymphocyte count did not vary significantly among groups (p > 0.05). The liver and intestine examination revealed no visible alteration and showed normal histo-architecture. Based on the finding it is concluded that DORB supplemented with exogenous enzymes, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids with phytase (0.01%), xylanase and cellulase (0.075%), L-lysine (1.4%), DL-methionine (0.4%) and EPA and DHA (0.5%) improves the health of L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ranjan
- ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
- TNJFU-Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Kamal Kant Jain
- ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Rollin S, Gupta A, Franco CMM, Singh S, Puri M. Development of sustainable downstream processing for nutritional oil production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1227889. [PMID: 37885455 PMCID: PMC10598382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1227889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional oils (mainly omega-3 fatty acids) are receiving increased attention as critical supplementary compounds for the improvement and maintenance of human health and wellbeing. However, the predominant sources of these oils have historically shown numerous limitations relating to desirability and sustainability; hence the crucial focus is now on developing smarter, greener, and more environmentally favourable alternatives. This study was undertaken to consider and assess the numerous prevailing and emerging techniques implicated across the stages of fatty acid downstream processing. A structured and critical comparison of the major classes of disruption methodology (physical, chemical, thermal, and biological) is presented, with discussion and consideration of the viability of new extraction techniques. Owing to a greater desire for sustainable industrial practices, and a desperate need to make nutritional oils more available; great emphasis has been placed on the discovery and adoption of highly sought-after 'green' alternatives, which demonstrate improved efficiency and reduced toxicity compared to conventional practices. Based on these findings, this review also advocates new forays into application of novel nanomaterials in fatty acid separation to improve the sustainability of nutritional oil downstream processing. In summary, this review provides a detailed overview of the current and developing landscape of nutritional oil; and concludes that adoption and refinement of these sustainable alternatives could promptly allow for development of a more complete 'green' process for nutritional oil extraction; allowing us to better meet worldwide needs without costing the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rollin
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adarsha Gupta
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher M. M. Franco
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Munish Puri
- Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Tang Y, Zhang Z, Weng M, Shen Y, Lai W, Hao T, Yao C, Bu X, Du J, Li Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Glycerol monolaurate improved intestinal barrier, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and microbiota dysbiosis in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high soybean oil diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109031. [PMID: 37640122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a potential candidate for regulating metabolic syndrome and inflammatory response. However, the role of GML in modulating intestinal health in fish has not been well determined. In this study, a 70-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of GML on intestinal barrier, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and microbiota community of large yellow croaker (13.05 ± 0.09 g) fed with high level soybean oil (SO) diets. Two basic diets with fish oil (FO) or SO were formulated. Based on the SO group diet, three different levels of GML 0.02% (SO0.02), 0.04% (SO0.04) and 0.08% (SO0.08) were supplemented respectively. Results showed that intestinal villus height and perimeter ratio were increased in SO0.04 treatment compared with the SO group. The mRNA expressions of intestinal physical barrier-related gene odc and claudin-11 were significantly up-regulated in different addition of GML treatments compared with the SO group. Fish fed SO diet with 0.04% GML addition showed higher activities of acid phosphatase and lysozyme compared with the SO group. The content of malonaldehyde was significantly decreased and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in 0.02% and 0.04% GML groups compared with those in the SO group. The mRNA transcriptional levels of inflammatory response-related genes (il-1β, il-6, tnf-α and cox-2) in 0.04% GML treatment were notably lower than those in the SO group. Meanwhile, sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA V4-V5 region showed that GML addition changed gut microbiota structure and increased alpha diversity of large yellow croaker fed diets with a high level of SO. The correlation analysis results indicated that the change of intestinal microbiota relative abundance strongly correlated with intestinal health indexes. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that 0.02%-0.04% GML addition could improve intestinal morphology, physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and microbiota dysbiosis of large yellow croaker fed diets with a high percentage of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Miao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chanwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.
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Bhardwaj S, Thakur K, Sharma AK, Sharma D, Brar B, Mahajan D, Kumar S, Kumar R. Regulation of omega-3 fatty acids production by different genes in freshwater fish species: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1005-1016. [PMID: 37684550 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to compare the gene expression of three different fish species (common carp, tilapia, and trout) with varying levels of fatty acids (FA). Based on transcriptome analysis and RNA sequencing, various genes and their associated metabolic pathways are identified. Pathways are categorized based on the genes they encode. Genes that were differentially expressed and their promoter's methylation patterns were revealed by RNA-seq analysis in common carp. Furthermore, fatty acid-enriched pathways, such as ARA4 and adipocytokine signaling, were also identified. Many genes and pathways may influence tilapia's growth and omega-3 content. Using the mTOR pathway, trout with differential expression were discovered to be involved in producing omega-3 fatty acids. This study revealed major pathways in fish species to produce omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bhardwaj
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Kushal Thakur
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Bhavna Brar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Danish Mahajan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India.
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Lin YK, Lin YH, Chiang CF, Jingling L. Effectiveness of Fish Roe, Snow Fungus, and Yeast Supplementation for Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4221. [PMID: 37836504 PMCID: PMC10574613 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most critical organs in the human body, regulating functions such as thinking, memory, learning, and perception. Studies have indicated that fish roe, snow fungus, and yeast may have the potential to modulate cognitive, memory, and emotional functions. However, more relevant clinical research in this area still needs to be conducted. This study explored the cognition-enhancing potential of a formula beverage including fish roe, snow fungus, and yeast. Sixty-four subjects were divided into a placebo group (n = 32) and a formula-drink group (n = 32), who consumed the product for 8 weeks. Cognitive tests were administered and analyzed at weeks 0, 4, and 8. After 4 and 8 weeks, there was a significant increase in the number of memory cards, and the response times among those who consumed the formula beverage were significantly faster than those in the placebo group. The subjects remembered the old items better and were more impressed with similar items based on the week effect. There was a significant increase in the cue effect of happy facial expressions after the subjects consumed the formula beverage for 8 weeks. In addition, there was a significant decrease in anxiety and fatigue, and improved quality of life. This formula beverage is a promising option that could be used to prevent further cognitive decline in adults with subjective cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kai Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- Research & Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Research & Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Li Jingling
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Zhang F, Li L, Meng X, Liu J, Cui X, Ma Q, Wei Y, Liang M, Xu H, Rombenso A. Feeding Strategy to Use Beef Tallow and Modify Farmed Tiger Puffer Fatty Acid Composition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3037. [PMID: 37835642 PMCID: PMC10571522 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) on the fatty acid composition of farmed tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). Two replacement strategies were used: a standard Graded Dietary Replacement of FO with BT (GDR strategy) and Alternate Feeding between FO- and BT-based Diets (AFD strategy). The positive and negative control diets were formulated with 6% FO (FO-C group) or BT (BT-C group) as the sole added lipid source. In the GDR strategy, three experimental diets were formulated, with 25, 50 and 75% of the added FO in the FO-C diet replaced with BT, named 25BT, 50BT and 75BT, respectively. In the AFD strategy, alternated feeding patterns between the FO-C and BT-C diet-namely, 1, 2 and 3 weeks with BT-C followed by 1 week feeding with FO-C (1BT-1FO, 2BT-1FO and 3BT-1FO, respectively)-were applied. Each diet or feeding strategy was assigned to triplicate tanks. The results showed that dietary BT inclusion reduced the contents of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in both the muscle and liver (edible tissues for this species) of the experimental fish, and the liver displayed a more drastic decrease than the muscle. The LC-PUFA content linearly decreased with the decreasing dietary FO levels in the GDR strategy. However, in the AFD strategy, a linear relationship was not observed between the LC-PUFA content and the FO feeding duration. The 3BT-1FO treatment resulted in higher LC-PUFA content than 2BT-1FO. When comparing the two strategies with the same final FO administration level-namely, 50BT vs. 1BT-1FO, and in particular, 75BT vs. 3BT-1FO-the AFD strategy resulted in higher LC-PUFA contents in both the muscle and liver than the GDR strategy. In conclusion, when FO was replaced with BT in the diets, alternate feeding between FO- and BT-based diets resulted in a higher LC-PUFA content than the standard direct replacement. Three weeks of feeding with BT-C followed by one week of feeding with FO-C appeared to be a good alternate feeding pattern. This study provided a promising strategy of FO-sparing in fish farming when the LC-PUFA contents were maintained as high as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Jian Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Xishuai Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuliang Wei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Livestock and Aquaculture Program, Animal Nutrition, Bribie Island Research Centre, Woorim 4507, Australia;
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Ruiz A, Sanahuja I, Andree KB, Furones D, Holhorea PG, Calduch-Giner JA, Pastor JJ, Viñas M, Pérez-Sánchez J, Morais S, Gisbert E. The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata) diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222173. [PMID: 37818366 PMCID: PMC10561386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata; 44.1 ± 4.2 g). During 90 days, fish were fed three experimental diets with low inclusion of fish oil and containing poultry fat as the main source of lipids, supplemented with graded levels of the tested supplement: 0 (control), 0.1 (SPICY0.1%), and 0.15% (SPICY0.15%). As a result, the pungent spices enhanced the growth performance, the activity of the bile-salt-activated lipase in the intestine, and decreased fat deposit levels within enterocytes. The SPICY0.1% diet reduced the feed conversion ratio and the perivisceral fat index and lipid deposits in the liver. Moreover, the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid in fillet increased in fish fed the SPICY0.1% diet, while the hepatic levels of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in fish fed the SPICY0.15% diet. Furthermore, there was an effect on the expression of some biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in 2-h postprandial fish (fasn, elovl6, scd1b, cyp7a1, lpl, and pparβ), and in 48 h fasted-fish fed with the SPICY0.1% diet, a regulation of the intestinal immune response was indicated. However, no significant differences were found in lipid apparent digestibility and proximate macronutrient composition. The spices did not affect biomarkers of hepatic or oxidative stress. No differences in microbial diversity were found, except for an increase in Simpson's Index in the posterior intestine of fish fed the SPICY0.1% diet, reflected in the increased relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi and lower relative abundances of the genera Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, and Peptoniphilus. In conclusion, the supplementation of gilthead seabream diets with pungent spices at an inclusion of 0.1% was beneficial to enhance growth performance and feed utilization; reduce fat accumulation in the visceral cavity, liver, and intestine; and improve the fish health status and condition. Results suggest that the tested supplement can be used as part of a nutritional strategy to promote a more judicious use of fish oil in fish diets due to its decreasing availability and rising costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
- Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Dolors Furones
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Paul G. Holhorea
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A. Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose J. Pastor
- Innovation Division, Animal Science Unit, Lucta S.A. Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Sustainability in Biosystems, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Sofia Morais
- Innovation Division, Animal Science Unit, Lucta S.A. Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
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Roy K, Dvorak P, Machova Z, Mraz J. Nutrient footprint versus EPA + DHA security in land-locked regions-more of local pond farmed, imported marine fish or fish oil capsules? NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:48. [PMID: 37689755 PMCID: PMC10492816 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
EPA + DHA intake in land-locked central Europe (CE) is barely fulfilled. Imported marine fish/farmed salmonids are likely the backbone of an ailing EPA + DHA security. Supplementing with captured marine fish oil capsules (~0.5 g up to 1.6 g CO2-eq. mg EPA + DHA-1) could be comparable in GHG emissions with fish consumption itself (~1 g to as low as 0.6 g CO2-eq. mg EPA + DHA-1). But synergistic benefits of EPA + DHA intake by consuming fish protein need consideration too. Taking semi-intensive pond carp and intensively farmed salmon as models, we analyzed footprint, eco-services, and resource use efficiency perspectives of achieving EPA + DHA security in a CE region. Despite a lower production footprint, pond-farmed fish greatly lag in EPA + DHA supply (carp 101-181 mg 100 g-1 < salmon 750-1300 mg 100 g-1). It doubles-to-quadruples footprint 'per mg' of EPA + DHA: nitrogen (carp 18.3 > salmon 8.7 mg N), phosphorus (carp 6.8 > salmon 1.6 mg P), and climate change (carp 1.84 > salmon 0.8 g CO2-eq.). With enhancements in pond carp (>300 mg EPA + DHA 100 g-1), these differences may cease to exist. Harnessing EPA + DHA bioaccumulation pathways active in ponds, finishing feeding strategies, and polyculture, the EPA + DHA content in pond fish may be increased. Ecosystem services with EPA + DHA mining from pond food web or high EPA + DHA output-to-input ratio (pond carp 1-200 > RAS salmon 0.75) make ponds an eco-efficient system. As fish consumption in CE must improve, pond-farmed fish would be needed to complement (but not substitute) salmonid/marine fish/oil capsules consumption. Achieving EPA + DHA security with minimum pressure on the environment or global resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Machova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mraz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Andriopoulos V, Kornaros M. LASSO Regression with Multiple Imputations for the Selection of Key Variables Affecting the Fatty Acid Profile of Nannochloropsis oculata. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:483. [PMID: 37755096 PMCID: PMC10533012 DOI: 10.3390/md21090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata has garnered significant interest as a potential source of lipids, both for biofuel and nutrition, containing significant amounts of C16:0, C16:1, and C20:5, n-3 (EPA) fatty acids (FA). Growth parameters such as temperature, pH, light intensity, and nutrient availability play a crucial role in the fatty acid profile of microalgae, with N. oculata being no exception. This study aims to identify key variables for the FA profile of N. oculata grown autotrophically. To that end, the most relevant literature data were gathered and combined with our previous work as well as with novel experimental data, with 121 observations in total. The examined variables were the percentages of C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, and C20:5, n-3 in total FAs, their respective ratios to C16:0, and the respective content of biomass in those fatty acids in terms of ash free dry weight. Many potential predictor variables were collected, while dummy variables were introduced to account for bias in the measured variables originating from different authors as well as for other parameters. The method of multiple imputations was chosen to handle missing data, with limits based on the literature and model-based estimation, such as using the software PHREEQC and residual modelling for the estimation of pH. To eliminate unimportant predictor variables, LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression analysis with a novel definition of optimal lambda was employed. LASSO regression identified the most relevant predictors while minimizing the risk of overfitting the model. Subsequently, stepwise linear regression with interaction terms was used to further study the effects of the selected predictors. After two rounds of regression, sparse refined models were acquired, and their coefficients were evaluated based on significance. Our analysis confirms well-known effects, such as that of temperature, and it uncovers novel unreported effects of aeration, calcium, magnesium, and manganese. Of special interest is the negative effect of aeration on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which is possibly related to the enzymatic kinetics of fatty acid desaturation under increased oxygen concentration. These findings contribute to the optimization of the fatty acid profile of N. oculata for different purposes, such as production of, high in PUFAs, food or feed, or production of, high in saturated and monounsaturated FA methyl esters (FAME), biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Andriopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Institute of Circular Economy and Environment (ICEE), University of Patras’ Research and Development Center, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Institute of Circular Economy and Environment (ICEE), University of Patras’ Research and Development Center, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Abbas N, Riaz S, Mazhar S, Essa R, Maryam M, Saleem Y, Syed Q, Perveen I, Bukhari B, Ashfaq S, Abidi SHI. Microbial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): biosynthetic pathways, physical parameter optimization, and health benefits. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:321. [PMID: 37642791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with diverse health benefits. The limited conversion of dietary DHA necessitates its consumption as food supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory capabilities, contributing to cardiovascular health. Additionally, DHA consumption is linked to improved vision, brain, and memory development. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids offer protection against various health conditions, such as celiac disease, Alzheimer's, hypertension, thrombosis, heart diseases, depression, diabetes, and certain cancers. Fish oil from pelagic cold-water fish remains the primary source of omega-3 fatty acids, but the global population burden creates a demand-supply gap. Thus, researchers have explored alternative sources, including microbial systems, for omega-3 production. Microbial sources, particularly oleaginous actinomycetes, microalgae like Nannochloropsis and among microbial systems, Thraustochytrids stand out as they can store up to 50% of their dry weight in lipids. The microbial production of omega-3 fatty acids is a potential solution to meet the global demand, as these microorganisms can utilize various carbon sources, including organic waste. The biosynthesis of omega-3 fatty acids involves both aerobic and anaerobic pathways, with bacterial polyketide and PKS-like PUFA synthase as essential enzymatic complexes. Optimization of physicochemical parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, and salinity, plays a crucial role in maximizing DHA production in microbial systems. Overall, microbial sources hold significant promise in meeting the global demand for omega-3 fatty acids, offering an efficient and sustainable solution for enhancing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaz Abbas
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Riaz
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Essa
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Maryam
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Perveen
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Bukhari
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Ashfaq
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Imam Abidi
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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45
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Beltrame G, Ahonen E, Damerau A, Gudmundsson HG, Haraldsson GG, Linderborg KM. Lipid Structure Influences the Digestion and Oxidation Behavior of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids in the Simulated Digestion System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37338276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential for human health but prone to oxidation. While esterification location is known to influence the stability of omega-3 in triacylglycerols (TAGs) in oxidation trials, their oxidative behavior in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Synthesized ABA- and AAB-type TAGs containing DHA and EPA were submitted to static in vitro digestion for the first time. Tridocosahexaenoin and DHA as ethyl esters were similarly digested. Digesta were analyzed by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Besides the formation of di- and monoacylglycerols, degradation of hydroperoxides was detected in ABA- and AAB-type TAGs, whereas oxygenated species increased in tridocosahexaenoin. Ethyl esters were mainly unaffected. EPA was expectedly less susceptible to oxidation prior to and during the digestion process, particularly in sn-2. These results are relevant for the production of tailored omega-3 structures to be used as supplements or ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Beltrame
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Ahonen
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Annelie Damerau
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Zhang J, Huang Z, Li Y, Fu D, Li Q, Pei L, Song Y, Chen L, Zhao H, Kao SJ. Synergistic/antagonistic effects of nitrate/ammonium enrichment on fatty acid biosynthesis and translocation in coral under heat stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162834. [PMID: 36924962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Superimposed on ocean warming, nitrogen enrichment caused by human activity puts corals under even greater pressure. Biosynthesis of fatty acids (FA) is crucial for coral holobiont survival. However, the responses of FA biosynthesis pathways to nitrogen enrichment under heat stress in coral hosts and Symbiodiniaceae remain unknown, as do FA translocation mechanisms in corals. Herein, we used the thermosensitive coral species Acropora hyacinthus to investigate changes in FA biosynthesis pathways and polyunsaturated FA translocation of coral hosts and Symbiodiniaceae with respect to nitrate and ammonium enrichment under heat stress. Heat stress promoted pro-inflammatory FA biosynthesis in coral hosts and inhibited FA biosynthesis in Symbiodiniaceae. Nitrate enrichment inhibited anti-inflammatory FA biosynthesis in Symbiodiniaceae, and promoted pro-inflammatory FA biosynthesis in coral hosts and translocation to Symbiodiniaceae, leading to bleaching after 14 days of culture. Intriguingly, ammonium enrichment promoted anti-inflammatory FA biosynthesis in Symbiodiniaceae and translocation to hosts, allowing corals to better endure heat stress. We constructed schematic diagrams of the shift in FA biosynthesis and translocation in and between A. hyacinthus and its Symbiodiniaceae under heat stress, heat and nitrate co-stress, and heat and ammonium co-stress. The findings provide insight into the mechanisms of coral bleaching under environmental stress from a fatty acid perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zanhui Huang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Marine and Fishery Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Dinghui Fu
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Qipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lixin Pei
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Yanwei Song
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
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Harwood JL. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Conversion to Lipid Mediators, Roles in Inflammatory Diseases and Dietary Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108838. [PMID: 37240183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of the diet of mammals. Their role was first established when the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were discovered nearly a century ago. However, most of the biochemical and physiological actions of PUFAs rely on their conversion to 20C or 22C acids and subsequent metabolism to lipid mediators. As a generalisation, lipid mediators formed from n-6 PUFAs are pro-inflammatory while those from n-3 PUFAs are anti-inflammatory or neutral. Apart from the actions of the classic eicosanoids or docosanoids, many newly discovered compounds are described as Specialised Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) which have been proposed to have a role in resolving inflammatory conditions such as infections and preventing them from becoming chronic. In addition, a large group of molecules, termed isoprostanes, can be generated by free radical reactions and these too have powerful properties towards inflammation. The ultimate source of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are photosynthetic organisms which contain Δ-12 and Δ-15 desaturases, which are almost exclusively absent from animals. Moreover, the EFAs consumed from plant food are in competition with each other for conversion to lipid mediators. Thus, the relative amounts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the diet are important. Furthermore, the conversion of the EFAs to 20C and 22C PUFAs in mammals is rather poor. Thus, there has been much interest recently in the use of algae, many of which make substantial quantities of long-chain PUFAs or in manipulating oil crops to make such acids. This is especially important because fish oils, which are their main source in human diets, are becoming limited. In this review, the metabolic conversion of PUFAs into different lipid mediators is described. Then, the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of such mediators in inflammatory diseases are outlined. Finally, natural sources of PUFAs (including 20 or 22 carbon compounds) are detailed, as well as recent efforts to increase their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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Valli FE, Leiva PML, Lavandera J, Contini MC, Gerstner C, Piña CI, Simoncini MS, González MA. Caiman's fat enriched with n-3 fatty acids: potential food supplement. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:194. [PMID: 37145203 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) products (meat, fat and oil) are currently beginning to be valued as a food of special interest due to its high content of n-3 fatty acids. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the fats of caiman fed with diets enriched with flaxseeds (Linus usitatissimun) rich in n-3 fatty acids, lignans and antioxidants. Caimans were fed six days a week with: a control diet (C), and a diet enriched with ground flaxseed = 90% C + 10% flaxseed ground (FS), during 30 (FS30) and 60 (FS60) days. Animals fed the flaxseed-enriched diets increased linolenic acid content and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio of fats relative to controls, and this improvement increased over time. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid also increased, but there was no difference at the time the enriched diets were offered. Caiman fat of the FS30 and FS60, showed a decrease in lipoperoxidation (24% and 40%) and reactive oxygen species (44% and 76%) accompanied by an increase in antioxidant systems. Consumption of a flax-enriched diet by caimans increases the content of essential fatty acids and improves the lipoperoxidative status of fat. This provides an enriched fat with potential for the development products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia E Valli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CICyTTP-CONICET/Prov. Entre Ríos/UADER, España 149 3105, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, FHUC/UNL, Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pamela M L Leiva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CICyTTP-CONICET/Prov. Entre Ríos/UADER, España 149 3105, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, FHUC/UNL, Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Tratado del Pilar 314 3105, Entre Ríos, Diamante, Argentina
| | - Jimena Lavandera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María C Contini
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Gerstner
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos I Piña
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CICyTTP-CONICET/Prov. Entre Ríos/UADER, España 149 3105, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, FHUC/UNL, Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Tratado del Pilar 314 3105, Entre Ríos, Diamante, Argentina
| | - Melina S Simoncini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, CP, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CICyTTP-CONICET/Prov. Entre Ríos/UADER, España 149 3105, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, FHUC/UNL, Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Tratado del Pilar 314 3105, Entre Ríos, Diamante, Argentina.
| | - Marcela A González
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Olsen PM, Kósa G, Klüver M, Kohler A, Shapaval V, Horn SJ. Production of docosahexaenoic acid from spruce sugars using Aurantiochytrium limacinum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128827. [PMID: 36878374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study lignocellulosic sugars from Norway spruce were used for production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by the marine thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21. Enzymatically prepared spruce hydrolysate was combined with a complex nitrogen source and different amounts of salts. Shake flask batch cultivations revealed that addition of extra salts was not needed for optimal growth. Upscaling to fed-batch bioreactors yielded up to 55 g/L cell dry mass and a total fatty acid content of 44% (w/w) out of which 1/3 was DHA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was successfully applied as a rapid method for monitoring lipid accumulation in A. limacinum SR21. Thus, this proof-of-principle study clearly demonstrates that crude spruce hydrolysates can be directly used as a novel and sustainable resource for production of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Margrethe Olsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Gergely Kósa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Marianne Klüver
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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50
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Yang S, He Q, Shi L, Wu Y. Impact of Antarctic krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle injury recovery after resistance exercise. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1345-1356. [PMID: 36566465 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctic krill oil (KO) is a natural source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and is rich in phospholipids, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), astaxanthin, flavonoids, vitamins, trace elements, and other bioactive substances. KO has been confirmed to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. n-3 PUFAs also have been purported to improve the recovery of muscular performance. Moreover, the phospholipids present in KO can enhance n-3 PUFA bioavailability because of its higher absorption rate in plasma compared to fish oil. Astaxanthin, found in Antarctic KO, is a red carotenoid and powerful antioxidant that inhibits oxidative stress after intense exercise. Hence, we examined the effect of KO supplementation on the recovery of exercise by measuring muscular performance, oxidant/antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and the markers of muscle damage following a rigorous bout of resistance exercise. METHODS 30 college-aged resistance-trained males (20.4 ± 0.92 years, 74.09 ± 7.23 kg, 180.13 ± 4.72 cm) were randomly supplemented with 3 g/d KO or placebo (PL) for 3 days and continued to consume after resistance exercise for 3 days until the experiment finished. Before supplementation, pre-exercise performance assessments of knee isokinetic strength, 20 m sprint, hexagon test, and blood serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were completed. Then after 3 days of supplementation, participants completed a bout of muscle-damaging exercise, and subsequently, they performed and repeated the exercise performance assessments and blood-related indicators tests immediately (0 h), as well as at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h post-muscle-damaging exercise. RESULTS Compared to the PL group, the serum CK of KO group was significantly lower at 24 h and 48 h post-exercise; the hexagon test time of the KO group was significantly lower than that of the PL group at 6 h and 24 h post-exercise; the KO group's isokinetic muscle strength showed different degrees of recovery than that of the PL group at 24 h and 48 h, and even over-recovery at 72 h post-exercise; the SOD level of the KO group was significantly higher than that of the PL group at 0, 6, and 24 h after exercise; the T-AOC level of the KO group was significantly higher than that of the PL group at 0, 6, and 72 h after exercise; the MDA level of the KO group was significantly lower than that of the PL group at 6 h; and there was no significant difference in serum IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that 3 g/d KO supplementation and continued supplementation after exercise can alleviate exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and promote post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Yang
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing He
- Aland Health Holding Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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