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Khizar M, Ruel-Bergeron J, Zavala E, Chang K, Kang Y, de Pee S, Black RE, Christian P. Delivery platforms for reaching adolescents with nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 39116286 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are a vulnerable population given increased nutritional needs as puberty approaches. School-based nutrition programs exist in some settings, but the comprehensive provision of nutrition services requires knowledge of the mechanisms to reach out-of-school adolescents. A comprehensive scoping review was performed using formal and informal search strategies to landscape all potential delivery platforms with nutrition services to reach adolescents. Peer-reviewed studies, institutional strategies, program evaluations, and programmatic reports in LMICs were reviewed, including gray literature. A total of 87 out of 270 identified publications and reports describing nutrition programs for adolescents were identified. Although nutrition programs targeted at adolescents were sparse, various innovative and inclusive delivery platforms were included, such as school feeding programs, school-based anemia control, and nutrition-friendly school initiatives; health facility-based, youth-friendly health and nutrition services; social safety nets targeted at adolescents; community-based approaches targeting youth development and peer education within youth centers and faith-based settings; and technology-based platforms, including digital health services and mass media communication sensitization and mobilization efforts. Existing delivery mechanisms and platforms in health and other sectors that target adolescents offer great potential to extend nutrition interventions to this vulnerable yet hard-to-reach population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahum Khizar
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eleonor Zavala
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Chang
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunhee Kang
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saskia de Pee
- Nutrition Division, United Nations World Food Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bidim MF, Egea MB, de Oliveira RBA, Klososki SJ, Soares EKB, Tavares Filho ER, Cruz AG, Pimentel TC. Free Drawing to assess food consumption information in comparison with the Free Listing: An intracultural study in Brazil with adolescents and dairy products. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114583. [PMID: 38945603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the Free Drawing method to assess food consumption information compared to the Free Listing method. Furthermore, the citation frequencies of dairy products consumed by adolescents were compared in Brazilian regions. Adolescents (14-17 years old, n = 265, n = 53 for each region, North, South, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions) listed or drew the dairy products they consumed using Free Listing or Free Drawing. The contingency tables were constructed, and the cognitive saliency indexes (CSI) were calculated. Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) was performed, and the RV indices were determined. The adolescents listed/drew 55 dairy products, grouped into 10 categories. The Free Listing method resulted in greater citation frequencies of dairy products. The Free Drawing method resulted in richer and more detailed information, with specifications of the type of product consumed within the category, flavor, type of packaging, and brand. The dairy products with the highest citation frequencies/CSI by adolescents were milk, cheese, and fermented milk. The South and Southeast regions observed greater citation frequencies and diversity of dairy products (prevalence in 6 categories). The CSI did not depend on the method, but it was affected by the region (p < 0.05). The sensory methods showed high similarity considering the categories of dairy products (RV = 0.80) and regions (RV = 0.79). It is concluded that the Free Drawing method proved to be an alternative to Free Listing for evaluating adolescents' consumption information of dairy products in an intracultural study in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elson Rogerio Tavares Filho
- Department of Food Technology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Colombo Pimentel
- State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Federal Institute of Paraná, Paranavaí, Brazil.
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Safiri S, Mousavi SE, Nejadghaderi SA, Motlagh Asghari K, Karamzad N, Sullman MJM, Kolahi AA, Abdollahi M. Vitamin A deficiency in the MENA region: a 30-year analysis (1990-2019). Front Nutr 2024; 11:1413617. [PMID: 38903625 PMCID: PMC11187328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1413617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a common micronutrient deficiency that imposes a substantial burden worldwide. This study examined the burden of VAD from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. We reported the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) that were attributable to VAD for the MENA region, along with its constituent countries. Results In 2019, the MENA region had 30.6 million prevalent cases of VAD, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 5249.9 per 100,000 population. In addition, VAD was responsible for 62.2 thousand YLDs, with an age-standardized YLD rate of 10.2 per 100,000. The age-standardized prevalence [50.3% (-55.9 to -44.7)] and YLD [-49.3% (-55.3 to -43.1)] rates of VAD have significantly decreased since 1990. In 2019, the MENA region's VAD-attributable YLD rate was below the global average for males and females across all age groups. Additionally, SDI was negatively associated the age-standardized YLD rate of VAD. Conclusion This study underscores the necessity of frequently updating health data and developing guidelines and regulations to prevent, detect early, and effectively treat VAD in the MENA countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Motlagh Asghari
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mark J. M. Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Calella P, Gallè F, Cerullo G, Postiglione N, Ricchiuti R, Liguori G, D'Angelo S, Valerio G. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet among athletes participating at the XXX summer universiade. Nutr Health 2023; 29:645-651. [PMID: 35388722 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221089118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: A well-balanced diet is essential in sport. Due to its typical content in high-quality proteins, low glycemic index foods, and unsaturated fats, Mediterranean Diet (MD) may represent a good choice to cover nutritional needs of athletes. The aim of this study was to explore how the dietary habits of elite athletes, such as those competing at the XXX Summer Universiade, comply with the MD model. A comparison between athletes coming from the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries was also assessed. Methods: The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was administered to a sample of 433 university student athletes from all over of the world to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD pattern and possible differences between geographical areas. Results: The total sample showed a medium adherence to the MD, with a mean MDSS of 15.73 ± 3.71 out of a total of 23 points. A satisfactory consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported. Athletes from Northern European countries had a lower MD pattern adherence than the other ones. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the MD model is common among elite athletes, and it may be promoted as a healthy dietary pattern in the sport setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calella
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Postiglione
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricchiuti
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
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Al-Jawaldeh A, Matbouli D, Diab S, Taktouk M, Hojeij L, Naalbandian S, Nasreddine L. School-Based Nutrition Programs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7047. [PMID: 37998278 PMCID: PMC10671197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims at documenting government-led school nutrition programs/interventions in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A systematic review of the available literature on this topic was conducted between 25 October 2022 and 15 November 2022 using 15 electronic databases as well as grey literature. The search was limited to materials published post 2000 in English, Arabic, or French. Articles/Reports were included in the review if they provided information on school-based nutrition programs/interventions developed, adopted or implemented by a governmental entity in the EMR countries, irrespective of study design. In total, 158 documents were retained until 16 May 2023. School-based programs/interventions were categorized into 13 types. In total, 298 school-based nutrition programs/interventions were identified. The most common were school meals and school feeding programs (all EMR countries) followed by nutrition education within the curriculum (77% of countries), extracurricular nutrition education (64%), standards for school canteens or foods/beverages available in schools (64%), and training of school staff (59%). Approximately half reported the inclusion of fruit and vegetable schemes (54%) or the establishment of hygienic cooking facilities (50%), while less than half reported standards for the marketing of food/beverages (45%), bans/standards for vending machines, milk feeding schemes, or micronutrient supplementation programs (41%). The least common interventions were school gardens (32%) and take-home rations (14%). Countries with the lowest gross domestic product and lowest government effectiveness score had the lowest number of programs/interventions. Many of the programs have tackled both school-aged children as well as preschoolers. We were able to identify monitoring and process evaluation for 21 programs in 14 countries. Few programs have undergone impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| | - Dana Matbouli
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (D.M.); (S.D.); (M.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Sarah Diab
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (D.M.); (S.D.); (M.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Mandy Taktouk
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (D.M.); (S.D.); (M.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Leila Hojeij
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (D.M.); (S.D.); (M.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Sally Naalbandian
- Science and Agriculture Library, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (D.M.); (S.D.); (M.T.); (L.H.)
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Tran LM, Nguyen PH, Hoang NT, Truong DTT, Tran THT, Bui DN, Hoa HTH, Hua DT, Bergeron G. Dietary intake and occupational status among female youths of Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1527:75-83. [PMID: 37501649 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a sensitive transition time that affects rights, roles, and responsibilities in food choice, yet limited evidence exists on dietary intakes during this critical period. This study assessed the food consumption pattern and the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among female youth belonging to three occupational groups in Vietnam. Dietary intakes were measured for 1001 participants aged 16-22 years using INDDEX24's 24-h recall method. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in diet outcomes among the three occupational groups. Dietary diversity was similar across groups but workers, compared to high school and college students, consumed less baked/grain-based sweets and fast foods, and more soft drinks, other sweets, and processed meat. Two-thirds of the sample showed energy intake lower than the estimated energy requirement, while a substantial percentage had insufficient or excessive intake of carbohydrate and fat. The mean probability of adequacy of nutrient intakes was low (0.33) and not different across all three occupational groups except for folate, which favored workers. Our study provides novel evidence supporting the development and implementation of interventions to achieve national targets, with emphasis on female youths who undergo special transitions in education, occupation, and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mai Tran
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Phuong Hong Nguyen
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Diep Ngoc Bui
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Thi Hong Hoa
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Diem Thi Hua
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
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Saad B. A Review of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Wild Edible Plants in the Mediterranean Diet and Their Active Compounds: From Traditional Uses to Action Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12641. [PMID: 37628822 PMCID: PMC10454857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a long-term condition resulting from a continuous imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and expended. It is associated with premature mortality and contributes to a large portion of the global chronic disease burden, including diabesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some cancers. While lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments are the primary ways to manage obesity, they may not always be sufficient for long-term weight loss. In these cases, medication may be necessary. However, the options for drugs are limited due to their potential side effects. As a result, there is a need to identify safe and effective alternative treatments. Recently, dietary compounds, plants, and bioactive phytochemicals have been considered as promising sources for discovering new pharmacological agents to treat obesity and its related complications. These natural products can function independently or synergistically with other plants to augment their effects at various levels of the body. They can modulate appetite, lipase activity, thermogenesis and fat synthesis and degradation, satiation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte apoptosis. Additionally, targeting adipocyte growth and differentiation with diverse medicinal plants/diet is a significant strategy for devising new anti-obesity drugs that can intervene in preadipocytes, maturing preadipocytes, and mature adipocytes. Clinical trials have shown that the wild edible plants in the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of obesity and its related diseases. This review examines the effectiveness of the common components of the Mediterranean diet in managing obesity and its associated health issues. We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Medline Plus to gather data on the therapeutic effects of the Mediterranean diet and phytochemicals in treating obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Saad
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baqa al-Gharbiyye 3010000, Israel;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine;
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Ilić A, Rumbak I, Brečić R, Colić Barić I, Bituh M. Three-Year School-Based Multicomponent Intervention May Change Fruit and Vegetable Preferences in Primary School Children-A Quasi-Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3505. [PMID: 37630695 PMCID: PMC10457900 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preference could be the trigger for fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in children and could be modified by appropriate intervention to increase the acceptance of FVs. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the three-year school-based multicomponent intervention "Nutri-školica" on the FV preferences of primary school children. It also aimed to explore whether a positive change in FV preferences could lead to an increase in actual FV consumption. The study was conducted in 14 primary schools from the city of Zagreb on 193 children (52.3% boys; age, 7.7 ± 0.4 years; n = 85 in the control group and n = 108 in the intervention group) who completed a preference questionnaire before and after the intervention with a 5-point hedonic smiley-face scale, where 5 means "I like it a lot." The per-protocol approach was used for data analysis (28.3% of children from the study sample). After the intervention, children in the intervention group (before: 3.1 ± 0.8; after: 3.5 ± 0.8) increased their FV preferences significantly more than children in the control group (before: 3.2 ± 0.8; after: 3.3 ± 0.7). Children's FV preferences changed most toward the varieties for which they had the least preferences at the beginning of the study. Participation in the intervention had a stronger effect on changing FV intake than change in FV preferences among primary school children. In summary, the present study highlighted that a targeted intervention can increase children's FV preferences, but that participation in the intervention is substantial for increasing FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ilić
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pijerottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.I.); (I.C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Ivana Rumbak
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pijerottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.I.); (I.C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Ružica Brečić
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Trg J.F. Kennedy 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Irena Colić Barić
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pijerottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.I.); (I.C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Bituh
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pijerottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.I.); (I.C.B.); (M.B.)
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Pugliese C, Delgado AF, Kozu KT, Campos LMDA, Aikawa NE, Silva CA, Maluf Elias A. Body Composition and Phase Angle: How to Improve Nutritional Evaluation in Juvenile Dermatomyositis Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:3057. [PMID: 37447383 PMCID: PMC10347122 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to assess body composition (BC) using bioelectrical impedance and food intake in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. Associations between BC and physical activity, disease activity/cumulative damage and health-related quality of life parameters were also evaluated; (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 30 consecutive JDM patients (18 female and 12 male) and 24 healthy volunteers (14 female and 10 male) of both sexes followed at our pediatric rheumatology unit. The gathering of anthropometric and dietary data, and the performance of physical activity and bioelectrical impedance were undertaken in face-to-face meetings and through questionnaires. Clinical and therapeutic data were collected from medical records according to information from routine medical appointments; (3) Results: The frequency of high/very high body fat was significantly higher in controls compared with JDM patients (66.7% vs. 91.7%; p = 0.046). The median phase angle was significantly lower in patients compared with controls (5.2 ± 1.3 vs. 6.1 ± 1.0; p = 0.016). Body fat and lean mass were positively correlated with disease duration (rs = +0.629, p < 0.001 and rs = +0.716, p < 0.001, respectively) and phase angle (PhA) (rs = +0.400, p = 0.029 and rs = +0.619, p < 0.001, respectively). JDM patients with PhA ≥ 5.5 presented higher lean mass when compared with patients with PhA < 5.5 (p = 0.001); (4) Conclusions: Bioelectrical impedance can be a useful auxiliary exam in the medical and nutritional follow-up of JDM patients, because it seems to impact functional ability. These findings may assist professionals when advising JDM patients about the importance of physical activity and healthy eating in the preservation of lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pugliese
- Nutrition Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur Figueiredo Delgado
- Intensive Care Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Tomie Kozu
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria de Arruda Campos
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maluf Elias
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
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Tagliamonte S, De Luca L, Donato A, Paduano A, Balivo A, Genovese A, Romano R, Vitaglione P, Sacchi R. A ‘Mediterranean ice-cream’: Sensory and nutritional aspects of replacing milk cream with extra virgin olive oil. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Salihefendic D. Eating and Lifestyle Habits in Underweight Patients with Insulin Resistance. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:18-22. [PMID: 37095873 PMCID: PMC10122527 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.18-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) which has become a global health problem. Obesity is the typical clinical presentation of IR. The connection between underweight and IR is less known. Objective The study aimed to investigate the characteristics of eating habits in underweight and obese patients with IR. After the obtained results, propose suitable dietary instructions specific to 2 subject groups. The task was to determine the difference in the nutritional status of underweight and obese patients with proven IR. The questionnaire was designed to collect data on diet and eating habits. Methods The research included 60 subjects of both sexes between the ages of 20 and 60. Inclusion criteria for entering the study were: proven obesity (BMI ≥ 30), underweight (BMI≤18,5) and confirmed IR by assessment of the homeostatic model for insulin resistance (HOMA IR-2). BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat area (VFA) were calculated using the bioelectrical impedance. Data on dietary habits was collected using a questionnaire that included general patient data, physical activity, lifestyle and eating habits. Descriptive statistical methods were used to process and analyse the obtained data. Results The average BMI in obese subjects was 34.32 kg/m2, and in underweight subjects, 17.26 kg/m2. There are statistically significant differences between BMI, WHR and VFA. The mean value of HOMA-IR in the obese patients was 2.87 and in the underweight, 2.45. Underweight subjects have a statistically significant (p<0.05) tendency to lose weight, consume milk and milk products, prefer lean meat, and drink more alcohol. Obese subjects are significantly (p<0.05) less physically active, more prone to insomnia, tend to gain weight, enjoy food, consume fewer fruits and vegetables and more carbohydrate food, do not follow clinical nutritional guidelines, and mostly eat in a social setting. Both groups rarely practiced mindful eating. Consumption of highly processed food and sweets is common in both groups. Conclusion There are statistically significant differences in the dietary and lifestyle habits of underweight and obese patients diagnosed with IR. It is necessary to educate healthcare workers and the general population about the importance of nutrition for preventing IR, regardless of body weight.
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Nutrition Profile for Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Different Income Levels: An Analytical Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020236. [PMID: 36832365 PMCID: PMC9954889 DOI: 10.3390/children10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is suffering from a double burden of malnutrition in which undernutrition coexists with rising rates of overweight and obesity. Although the countries of the EMR vary greatly in terms of income level, living conditions and health challenges, the nutrition status is often discussed only by using either regional or country-specific estimates. This analytical review studies the nutrition situation of the EMR during the past 20 years by dividing the region into four groups based on their income level-the low-income group (Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen), the lower-middle-income group (Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, and Tunisia), the upper-middle-income group (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Libya) and the high-income group (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates)-and by comparing and describing the estimates of the most important nutrition indicators, including stunting, wasting, overweight, obesity, anaemia, and early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. The findings reveal that the trends of stunting and wasting were decreasing in all EMR income groups, while the percentages of overweight and obesity predominantly increased in all age groups across the income groups, with the only exception in the low-income group where a decreasing trend among children under five years existed. The income level was directly associated with the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among other age groups except children under five, while an inverse association was observed regarding stunting and anaemia. Upper-middle-income country group showed the highest prevalence rate of overweight among children under five. Most countries of the EMR revealed below-desired rates of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. Changes in dietary patterns, nutrition transition, global and local crises, and nutrition policies are among the major explanatory factors for the findings. The scarcity of updated data remains a challenge in the region. Countries need support in filling the data gaps and implementing recommended policies and programmes to address the double burden of malnutrition.
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A Review of the Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Adolescents in Developing Countries. Anemia 2023; 2023:6406286. [PMID: 36636253 PMCID: PMC9831712 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6406286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identifying the root causes of iron deficiency anaemia is a prerequisite for effective management and prevention in adolescents. This systematic review assessed risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia among adolescents living in developing countries. Method Electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS were comprehensively searched for studies published between 1990 and 2020 that involved risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia among adolescents living in developing countries. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Results A total of 2,252 publications were reviewed, and only fifteen cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion, eight of which focused on female adolescents and seven on both genders. Direct risk factors contributing to anaemia among adolescents included food intake practices (n = 10 studies), female adolescents (n = 8 studies), menstruation (n = 5 studies), and parasitic infection (n = 6 studies). Indirect risk factors found to be associated with anaemia among adolescents included low educational status (n = 4 studies) and low socioeconomic status (n = 3 studies). All fifteen studies were of good quality. Conclusion Food intake practices, female adolescents, menstruation, parasitic infection, and low educational status were the leading risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia among adolescents. Further research should concentrate on assessing the effectiveness and efficacy of existing interventions aimed at preventing iron deficiency among vulnerable groups in developing countries.
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Total Usual Nutrient Intakes and Nutritional Status of United Arab Emirates Children (4 Years-12.9 Years): Findings from the Kids Nutrition and Health Survey (KNHS) 2021. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010234. [PMID: 36615891 PMCID: PMC9824044 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the anthropometric status and food consumption patterns of children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and assessing their adherence to nutrient and dietary recommendations. It is a population-based cross-sectional survey of 690 children (4-12.9 years), from 3 major Emirates. Socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected. Dietary intakes were assessed using the 24-hour recall approach. Of the total sample, 4% were stunted, 8% were wasted and 28% were overweight/obese. A third of participating children consumed above the Estimated Energy Requirement, while the majority's intakes carbohydrate, total fat, and protein were within the recommendations; whereas over 70% and 90% of participants consumed above the WHO daily limits of free sugars and saturated fats, respectively. Inadequate intakes of linoleic acid (36% of children), alpha-linolenic acid (91%) and dietary fiber (100%) were observed. All children failed to meet the recommendation for vitamin D and considerable proportions had inadequate intakes of vitamin A, calcium, zinc, folate, and magnesium. Compared with the American Heart Association/American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations, low dietary adherence was noted for fruits (9%), vegetables (4%), and milk/dairy (14%). These findings may be used in the development of nutritional policies aimed at improving the diets of children in the UAE.
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Almutairi N, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Nutritional Behaviour of Adolescents and the Impact of Covid-19 on A Diet in Saudi Arabia. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background
In recent decades, changes in food consumption among adolescents in Arabic speaking countries, including The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has resulted in increased burden of overweight and obesity. COVID-19 related restrictions have further impacted lifestyle and diet among adolescents in KSA.
Aim
The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and dietary patterns of adolescents and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions on these behaviours.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in six intermediate schools among 1500 adolescents (11-15 years) via an anonymous online survey. The Chi Square test was used to compare gender stratified nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviour of adolescents and the impact of COVID-19 related restrictions. To determine the factors associated with nutritional change during COVID-19 lockdown, logistic regression was employed using the categorisation of nutritional change during COVID-19 restrictions versus no change in univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
A good level of nutrition-related knowledge and attitude was demonstrated both by female and male students, with 66% and 57% of participants scoring above the median of the total possible knowledge and attitude score, respectively. After adjusting for all variables, higher nutrition knowledge score predicted students to be less likely to report increased food consumption during COVID-19 restrictions, whereas students with higher nutrition attitude scores and with a higher risk of increased food consumption were more likely to increase food consumption during COVID-19 restrictions.
Conclusions
Unhealthy dietary habits among Saudi adolescents are of paramount public health concern and the COVID-19 restriction period exacerbated the pre-pandemic nutrition-related unhealthy behaviours. Therefore, school-based interventions aiming to promote healthy lifestyles and the wellbeing of Saudi adolescents and use of qualitative recall dietary diary is also crucial to develop programs that prevent unhealthy lifestyles in adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Almutairi
- 1School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- 3Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- 3Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Primary School Children in a Quasi-Randomized Trial: Evaluation of the Three-Year School-Based Multicomponent Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194197. [PMID: 36235849 PMCID: PMC9571246 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables was found in primary school children. To address this problem, a three-year school-based multicomponent intervention was conducted in 14 primary schools in the City of Zagreb. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate one of the primary goals of the intervention—the increase in fruit and vegetable intake among primary school children. A total of 681 children were allocated to the intervention (n = 300 in the control group and n = 381 in the intervention group). The intervention included 23 interactive classroom workshops, 10 cross-curricular activities, 13 homework challenges, visual exposure with educational posters in classrooms, parent education via the website, and the implementation of new dishes into the school food system. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by per-protocol analysis. The study involved 259 children (50.2% girls; age 7.7 ± 0.4 years; n = 116 in the control group and n = 143 in the intervention group) who completed a food intake frequency questionnaire at both time points. Children in the intervention group showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in total daily fruit and vegetable intake (before: 332.1 ± 164.9 g; after: 430.1 ± 186.7 g) compared to the control group (before: 350.2 ± 187.5; after: 382.6 ± 196.8) after the intervention. The increase in fruit and vegetable intake was achieved in 89% of children, while 25% more children reached the daily recommendation of 400 g. The use of the multicomponent intervention showed potential to increase fruit and vegetable intake in primary school children.
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Nasreddine L, Hwalla N, Al Zahraa Chokor F, Naja F, O'Neill L, Jomaa L. Food and nutrient intake of school-aged children in Lebanon and their adherence to dietary guidelines and recommendations. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:922. [PMID: 35534814 PMCID: PMC9088130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon, an Eastern Mediterranean country, is witnessing a remarkable nutrition transition, and the diets of school-aged children may be amongst those most affected. However, limited studies have examined the food consumption patterns and nutrient adequacy in this age group. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the dietary intakes of school-aged children in Lebanon and assess their adherence to nutrition guidelines and recommendations. METHODS This study used data for 4-13 y-old children (n = 711) from a national cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014-2015 on a representative sample of Lebanese households with children. Dietary intake was assessed using single 24-h recall method. Estimated food group and nutrient intakes were compared to dietary recommendations and age-specific dietary reference intakes (DRI), including Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). Food group, energy, macro- and micro-nutrient intakes were presented for all children in the sample and stratified by age (4-8 y and 9-13 y) and sex. RESULTS Mean energy intake of 4-13-year-old children was 1804 kcal/d. Almost half of the energy was provided by carbohydrates while 12% of children had protein intakes below EAR. Approximately three-quarters of children (4-13 y) exceeded the AMDR for total fat and saturated fats, and a similar proportion over consumed added sugars. The main sources of energy intake (EI) among children were the sweets, sweetened beverages and desserts followed by grains and mixed dishes. No significant differences were noted in %EI from different food groups, by sex, in either age groups. The highest adherence of children to food group recommendations was observed for the grains' food group (47.2-54.4%EI), while the lowest adherence was found for vegetables (3.1-14.1%EI). A high prevalence of vitamin and mineral inadequacies was noted amongst 4-13 y old children for key micronutrients, including vitamin D (99%), calcium (81%), and vitamin A (69.5%). Risk of inadequate micronutrient intakes was significantly increased among the older age group (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nutrient intakes of school-aged children in Lebanon reflect suboptimal nutrition. Educational and public health interventions are needed to promote healthier diets among children and prevent micronutrient deficiencies during this critical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Al Zahraa Chokor
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Lynda O'Neill
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société Des Produits Nestlé S.A, Vers-Chez-Les-Blancs, 1000 Lausanne 26, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon. .,Department of Human Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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18
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Mizéhoun-Adissoda C, Alouki K, Adjobimey M, Yémoa A, Itiblitse R, Alihonou F, Aglago EK, Desport JC. Nutritional and hygienic quality of meals served in school canteens in Togo: A cross-sectional study. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Al-Biltagi M, Faysal W, Alabdulrazzaq F, Alsabea H, Bassil Z, Chamseddine F, Chokr I, El-Beleidy A, Ezzat M, Farrah A, Mizyed M, Sayed AOS, Talib HA, Wali Y. Middle East consensus recommendations on the use of young child formula (YCF) in toddlers. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e53. [PMID: 35836695 PMCID: PMC9274381 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition of foods during toddlerhood and the suboptimal diets consumed in the Middle East make children susceptible to malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Based on international recommendations, coupled with the merits of clinical studies on the application of young child formula (YCF), a group of fourteen experts from the Middle East reached a consensus on improving the nutritional status of toddlers. The recommendations put forth by the expert panel comprised twelve statements related to the relevance of YCF in young children; the impact of YCF on their nutritional parameters and functional outcomes; characteristics of the currently available YCF and its ideal composition; strategies to supply adequate nutrition in young children and educational needs of parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs). This consensus aims to serve as a guide to HCPs and parents, focusing on improving the nutritional balance in toddlers in the Middle Eastern region. The panellists considere YCF to be one of the potential solutions to improve the nutritional status of young children in the region. Other strategies to improve the nutritional status of young children include fortified cow's milk and cereals, vitamin and mineral supplements, early introduction of meat and fish, and the inclusion of diverse foods in children's diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Biltagi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, King Abdulla Medical City, Manama, Bahrain
- Correspondening author: Mohammed Al-Biltagi,
| | - Wafaa Faysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hassan Alsabea
- Pediatric Department, Medical Park Consultants, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ziad Bassil
- Pediatric Department, Saint Joseph Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Chamseddine
- Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Chokr
- Pediatric Department, Al-Zahraa Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Beleidy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ezzat
- Pediatric Department, Dr. Hala Essa Bin Laden Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Antoine Farrah
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital Ajaltoun, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Mizyed
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Othman Saleh Sayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Dar Al-Shifa Hospital, Hawally, Kuwait
- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Hussam Abu Talib
- Pediatric Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Wali
- Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Al-Awwad NJ, Ayoub J, Barham R, Sarhan W, Al-Holy M, Abughoush M, Al-Hourani H, Olaimat A, Al-Jawaldeh A. Review of the Nutrition Situation in Jordan: Trends and Way Forward. Nutrients 2021; 14:135. [PMID: 35011008 PMCID: PMC8746685 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the nutrition situation in Jordan by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. This review acknowledges the double burden of malnutrition in Jordan and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population's nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Jamal Al-Awwad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (N.J.A.-A.); (M.A.-H.); (M.A.); (H.A.-H.); (A.O.)
| | - Jennifer Ayoub
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Rawhieh Barham
- Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Wafaa Sarhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Murad Al-Holy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (N.J.A.-A.); (M.A.-H.); (M.A.); (H.A.-H.); (A.O.)
| | - Mahmoud Abughoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (N.J.A.-A.); (M.A.-H.); (M.A.); (H.A.-H.); (A.O.)
- Science of Nutrition and Dietetics Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huda Al-Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (N.J.A.-A.); (M.A.-H.); (M.A.); (H.A.-H.); (A.O.)
| | - Amin Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (N.J.A.-A.); (M.A.-H.); (M.A.); (H.A.-H.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo 7608, Egypt
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Diet-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation, Phoenixin, and Subsequent Precocious Puberty. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103460. [PMID: 34684462 PMCID: PMC8540795 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a rise in precocious puberty, especially in girls. At the same time, childhood obesity due to overnutrition and energy imbalance is rising too. Nutrition and fertility are currently facing major challenges in our societies, and are interconnected. Studies have shown that high-fat and/or high-glycaemic-index diet can cause hypothalamic inflammation and microglial activation. Molecular and animal studies reveal that microglial activation seems to produce and activate prostaglandins, neurotrophic factors activating GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons), thus initiating precocious puberty. GnRH neurons’ mechanisms of excitability are not well understood. In this review, we study the phenomenon of the rise of precocious puberty, we examine the physiology of GnRH neurons, and we review the recent literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that connect diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and diet-induced phoenixin regulation with precocious puberty.
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What Have We Learned about the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumer Behavior? SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine how behavioral variables interact with and stimulate purchasing decisions and influence the process of purchasing healthy foods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Principal component analysis was carried out on a sample of 100 consumers of healthy foods in Saudi Arabia, and this made it possible to adapt the items to the context of the study. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis with 360 people was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis provided reliable and valid scales, and multivariate analysis using structural equations and binary logistic regressions made it possible to validate the hypotheses. Results: The intention to buy increased among consumers of healthy foods. Women were more anxious about the COVID-19 pandemic than men, and they took considerable precautions to avoid contamination. The fear of COVID-19 was also more intense among the elderly population than younger people. The respondents indicated reduced visits to shops, restaurants, and markets. Gender and age moderated the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and purchasing intention. Consumption risk also negatively affected purchasing intention. However, buying experiences and intention to buy led to increased purchases of healthy foods compared to other goods.
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23
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Peng W, Goldsmith R, Shimony T, Berry EM, Sinai T. Trends in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Israeli adolescents: results from two national health and nutrition surveys, 2003 and 2016. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3625-3638. [PMID: 33683418 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in Israeli adolescents in 2003-4 and in 2015-6, and associated factors. METHODS Adolescents (aged 11-19 years) from two cross-sectional, school-based, nationally representative surveys, Mabat Youth I (2003-4, n 5005) and II (2015-6, n 3906), completed self-administered questionnaires on food frequency, eating behaviors and lifestyle. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED index), derived from these questionnaires, was used; higher scores indicate better diet quality. The samples comprised eight subgroups, according to population group (Jews/Arabs), school level (middle/high) and sex. RESULTS The percentages with poor, average and good KIDMED scores were 11.6, 45.3 and 43.1% in 2015-6, compared to 25.5, 55.2 and 19.3%, respectively, in 2003-4. Significant improvement was seen in all subgroups (all p < 0.001), and was attributed to increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products, and decreased negative eating behaviors. In Mabat Youth II, physical activity at least 1 h/day was positively associated with good KIDMED scores among Jewish adolescents; dieting and sleeping at least 7 h/day were associated with good MD adherence in Jewish boys; always/often reading food labels predicted good MD adherence among Jewish boys and Arab girls. Overweight and obesity were negatively associated with better KIDMED scores in Jewish boys. CONCLUSION MD adherence in Israeli adolescents has improved overall. The changes in MD components and the associated behavioral factors indicate the initiatives, relevant to the different subgroups, that are necessary to promote healthier nutrition and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Peng
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Rebecca Goldsmith
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elliot M Berry
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tali Sinai
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Nutritional Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Al-Jawaldeh A, Hammerich A, Doggui R, Engesveen K, Lang K, McColl K. Implementation of WHO Recommended Policies and Interventions on Healthy Diet in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: From Policy to Action. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3700. [PMID: 33266028 PMCID: PMC7760940 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for almost two-thirds of the deaths in the 22 countries and territories of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and unhealthy diets are a major contributor. Prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased among adults, adolescents and older children in recent decades. Among countries with the highest prevalence there are signs that the increase is slowing down or even that prevalence is declining. There has been no increase in the prevalence rate in younger children, although the absolute number of children under five years affected by overweight has increased. This review summarizes prevalence data and examines current implementation of regulatory, fiscal and voluntary measures to promote healthy diet across the Region. The last decade has seen a step up in such action. Ten of the Region's countries have policies relating to trans-fatty acids and they are increasingly implementing specific regulatory measures. Thirteen countries had fully or partially implemented national salt reduction policies by 2019. Only four countries had adopted policies relating to aspects of marketing food to children by 2019, and concrete action in this area is still lacking. Eight countries have introduced taxes-sometimes at a rate of 50%-on carbonated or sugar-sweetened beverages. In order to meet the agreed global and regional goals relating to nutrition and diet-related NCDs, countries will need to build on this progress and scale up action across the Region while intensifying efforts in areas where concrete action is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- WHO Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| | - Asmus Hammerich
- WHO Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| | - Radhouene Doggui
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB E1A 7R1, Canada
| | - Kaia Engesveen
- WHO Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.E.); (K.L.)
| | - Krista Lang
- WHO Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.E.); (K.L.)
| | - Karen McColl
- Independent Consultant, West Sussex PO21 4NB, UK
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