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Liu L, Zhao H, Wang Y, Cui Y, Lu H, Xiong Y, Xiao X, Zhou Q, Yuan Y, Zhao S, Li X. Docosahexaenoic acid insufficiency impairs placental angiogenesis by repressing the methylene-bridge fatty acylation of AKT in preeclampsia. Placenta 2024; 155:100-112. [PMID: 39180926 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE), characterised by hypertension in pregnancy, is regarded as a placental metabolism-related syndrome affecting 5-8% of pregnancies worldwide. The insufficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is a causative factor of PE pathogenesis. However, its molecular aetiology is yet to be comprehensively elucidated. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 was used to construct Fads2 knockout mice. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect placental fatty acid levels. Gene Expression Omnibus was used to analyze placental FADS2 mRNA levels. CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell growth capacity. Cell migration and invasion abilities were measured by transwell and wound healing assay. Tube forming assay was used to test angiogenesis ability. The co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to validate interactions between two proteins. AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and methylene-bridge fatty acylation inhibitor tryptophan were used to rescue experiments. RESULTS Compared to those in women with normal pregnancies, the DHA levels in the placentas of patients with PE decreased with the downregulation of FADS2, the key desaturase in the synthesis of PUFAs. Pregnant Fads2+/- mice exhibited PE-like symptoms, including proteinuria and elevated systolic arterial blood pressure, due to defective placental angiogenesis. Mechanistically, FADS2 knockdown in trophoblasts decreased cellular DHA levels and repressed the methylene-bridge fatty-acylation of AKT, inhibiting AKT-VEGFA signalling, which is crucial for angiogenesis. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that placental DHA insufficiency downregulates placental angiogenesis via inhibiting fatty acylating AKT and AKT-VEGFA signalling, a novel insight into abnormal fatty acid metabolism in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Cui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqing Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiyuan Yuan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shimin Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fangxie Road 419, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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Reis ÁEDM, Teixeira IS, Maia JM, Luciano LAA, Brandião LM, Silva MLS, Branco LGS, Soriano RN. Maternal nutrition and its effects on fetal neurodevelopment. Nutrition 2024; 125:112483. [PMID: 38823254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a thorough examination of the impact of maternal nutrition on fetal and infant neurodevelopment, focusing on specific nutrients and their critical roles in perinatal and pediatric health. Through a comprehensive narrative review of the literature, this study highlights the importance of a balanced maternal diet rich in nutrients like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), folic acid, iron, and iodine in shaping children's neurological functions. Key findings underscore the influence of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the peri-gestational period on children's cognitive, motor, speech, and socio-emotional development. Deficiencies in essential nutrients, such as DHA, are linked to adverse long-lasting outcomes such as premature birth and intrauterine growth restriction, where a suitable intake of iron and folic acid is vital to prevent neural tube defects and promote healthy brain development. We highlight areas requiring further investigation, particularly regarding iodine's impact and the risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. In conclusion, this research sheds light on our current understanding of maternal nutrition and child neurodevelopment, offering valuable insights for health professionals and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Silva Teixeira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marino Maia
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Marques Brandião
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
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Fock E, Parnova R. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and visual system: Focus on invertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 275:111023. [PMID: 39154851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A critical role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly docosahexaenoic acid 22:6ω3 (DHA), in the development and function of the brain and visual system is well established. DHA, the most abundant omega-3 PUFA in the vertebrate brain, contributes to neuro- and synaptogenesis, neuronal differentiation, synaptic transmission and plasticity, neuronal network formation, memory and behaviour formation. Based on these data, the unique importance of DHA and its irreplaceability in neural and retinal tissues has been postulated. In this review, we consider omega-3 PUFA composition in the brain and retina of various invertebrates, and show that DHA has only been found in marine mollusks and crustaceans. A gradual decrease in the DHA content until its disappearance can be observed in the brain lipids of the series marine-freshwater-terrestrial crustaceans and marine-terrestrial mollusks, suggesting that the transition to the land lifestyle in the evolution of invertebrates, but not vertebrates, was accompanied by a loss of DHA. As with terrestrial crustaceans and mollusks, DHA was not found in insects, either terrestrial or aquatic, or in nematodes. We show that the nervous and visual systems of various DHA-free invertebrates can be highly enriched in alpha-linolenic acid 18:3ω3 or eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5ω3, which affect neurological and visual function, stimulating synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, visual processing, learning and even cognition. The review data show that, in animals at different levels of organization, omega-3 PUFA are required for the functioning of the nervous and visual systems and that their specific needs can be met by various omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Fock
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, Torez Av., 44, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rimma Parnova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, Torez Av., 44, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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4
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Rahimi V, Tavanai E, Falahzadeh S, Ranjbar AR, Farahani S. Omega-3 fatty acids and health of auditory and vestibular systems: a comprehensive review. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1453-1469. [PMID: 38693450 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review animal and human studies that explore the role of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the health of the auditory organ across all life stages. METHODS This narrative review involved searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles from December 1980 to July 2023. RESULTS some animal and human studies suggest that both deficiency and excessive intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can lead to auditory neural conduction impairment and reduced hearing acuity from fetal development to old age (presbycusis). These effects are likely to be dependent on the dosage. Some research indicates that an excessive intake of omega-3, rather than a deficiency, can result in nutritional toxicity and hearing impairments. Animal studies highlight the positive impact of omega-3 supplements with high DHA content in addressing hearing damage, but human research on this subject is limited. Furthermore, certain studies propose that omega-3 PUFAs may prevent or delay age-related hearing loss, with high plasma omega-3 concentration, particularly long-chain omega-3 PUFA, linked to reduced hearing loss. Additionally, consuming fish more than twice a week may be associated with a lower risk of hearing loss in adulthood, with these effects potentially influenced by age and gender. However, the majority of studies have been conducted on animals, and clinical trials are scarce. Research on the influence of omega-3 PUFAs on the peripheral and central vestibular systems remains limited. CONCLUSION This article delves into the impact of omega-3 on the auditory-vestibular system, exploring its influence on neurodevelopment, protection, and treatment. It not only highlights specific research gaps but also offers valuable insights for potential future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Rahimi
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Tavanai
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Falahzadeh
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Ranjbar
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Farahani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Piche-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, 1148965141, Iran.
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Wang N, Ma M, Mu G, Qian F, Xuemei Z. Lipid analysis of breast milk and formula for preterm infants and the application and prospects of novel structural lipids - a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39066633 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2383964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Preterm infants, often characterized by lower birth weights and underdeveloped physiologies, necessitate specialized nutritional care. While breast milk stands as the ideal nutritional source, offering substantial energy through its fatty acid content to support the infants' growth and developmental needs, its usage might not always be feasible. Fatty acids in breast milk are critical for the development of these infants. In scenarios where breast milk is not an option, formula feeding becomes a necessary alternative. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the fatty acid profiles in both breast milk and formulas is crucial for addressing the distinct nutritional requirements of preterm infants. This paper aims to summarize the effects of lipid composition, structure, and positioning in breast milk and formula on the growth and development of preterm infants. Furthermore, it explores recent advancements in the use of novel structural lipids in formulas, laying the groundwork for future innovations in formula design specifically catered to the needs of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhu Xuemei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Biete M, Vasudevan S. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Impacts on fetal neurodevelopment, gut dysbiosis, and the promise of precision medicine. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1420664. [PMID: 39055983 PMCID: PMC11269231 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1420664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder affecting approximately 16.5% of pregnancies worldwide and causing significant health concerns. GDM is a serious pregnancy complication caused by chronic insulin resistance in the mother and has been associated with the development of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Emerging data support the notion that GDM affects both the maternal and fetal microbiome, altering the composition and function of the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis. The observed dysregulation of microbial presence in GDM pregnancies has been connected to fetal neurodevelopmental problems. Several reviews have focused on the intricate development of maternal dysbiosis affecting the fetal microbiome. Omics data have been instrumental in deciphering the underlying relationship among GDM, gut dysbiosis, and fetal neurodevelopment, paving the way for precision medicine. Microbiome-associated omics analyses help elucidate how dysbiosis contributes to metabolic disturbances and inflammation, linking microbial changes to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as those seen in GDM. Integrating omics data across these different layers-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics-offers a comprehensive view of the molecular landscape underlying GDM. This review outlines the affected pathways and proposes future developments and possible personalized therapeutic interventions by integrating omics data on the maternal microbiome, genetics, lifestyle factors, and other relevant biomarkers aimed at identifying women at high risk of developing GDM. For example, machine learning tools have emerged with powerful capabilities to extract meaningful insights from large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sona Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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7
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Hansen SSK, Krautz R, Rago D, Havelund J, Stigliani A, Færgeman NJ, Prézelin A, Rivière J, Couturier-Tarrade A, Akimov V, Blagoev B, Elfving B, Neess D, Vogel U, Khodosevich K, Hougaard KS, Sandelin A. Pulmonary maternal immune activation does not cross the placenta but leads to fetal metabolic adaptation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4711. [PMID: 38830841 PMCID: PMC11148039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The fetal development of organs and functions is vulnerable to perturbation by maternal inflammation which may increase susceptibility to disorders after birth. Because it is not well understood how the placenta and fetus respond to acute lung- inflammation, we characterize the response to maternal pulmonary lipopolysaccharide exposure across 24 h in maternal and fetal organs using multi-omics, imaging and integrative analyses. Unlike maternal organs, which mount strong inflammatory immune responses, the placenta upregulates immuno-modulatory genes, in particular the IL-6 signaling suppressor Socs3. Similarly, we observe no immune response in the fetal liver, which instead displays metabolic changes, including increases in lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid, crucial for fetal brain development. The maternal liver and plasma display similar metabolic alterations, potentially increasing bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid for the mother and fetus. Thus, our integrated temporal analysis shows that systemic inflammation in the mother leads to a metabolic perturbation in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Schmidt Kjølner Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Robert Krautz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Rago
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Stigliani
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Audrey Prézelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Neess
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Cui Z, Xu H, Wu F, Chen J, Zhu L, Shen Z, Yi X, Yang J, Jia C, Zhang L, Zhou P, Li MJ, Zhu L, Duan S, Yao Z, Yu Y, Liu Q, Zhou J. Maternal circadian rhythm disruption affects neonatal inflammation via metabolic reprograming of myeloid cells. Nat Metab 2024; 6:899-913. [PMID: 38561509 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm during pregnancy produces adverse health outcomes in offspring; however, the role of maternal circadian rhythms in the immune system of infants and their susceptibility to inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we show that disruption of circadian rhythms in pregnant mice profoundly aggravates the severity of neonatal inflammatory disorders in both male and female offspring, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. The diminished maternal production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the impaired immunosuppressive function of neonatal myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to this phenomenon. Mechanistically, DHA enhances the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs via PPARγ-mediated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Transfer of MDSCs or perinatal supplementation of DHA relieves neonatal inflammation induced by maternal rhythm disruption. These observations collectively demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of maternal circadian rhythms in the control of neonatal inflammation via metabolic reprograming of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhao Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Lv D, Xie Y, Xu H, Li F, He M, Fan Y, Li X, Jallow F, Li W, Lin X, Ye F, Deng D. Association of the Verbal Rating Scale-Measured Dysmenorrhea with Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2024; 46:102406. [PMID: 38331093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a common condition that reduces the quality of life by negatively affecting work and family life, physical and mental health, and economic well-being. However, its risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between NVP and verbal rating scale (VRS)-measured dysmenorrhea and to explore potential protective factors. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted from June 2018 to December 2020 at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan. Information on baseline characteristics, pregnancy-related history, periconceptional micronutrient supplementation, and obstetric outcomes were collected. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed using VRS. RESULTS A total of 443 pregnant women were recruited and divided into the NVP group (n = 76) and the control group (n = 367). A significant association was observed between NVP and VRS-measured dysmenorrhea (c2=10.038, P = 0.007). After adjusting for covariates, the association between moderate/severe dysmenorrhea and NVP remained significant (OR 2.384; 95% CI 1.104-5.148, P = 0.004). First-trimester docosahexaenoic acid supplement (OR 0.443; 95% CI 0.205-0.960, P = 0.039) may be beneficial in reducing the risk of NVP. CONCLUSIONS Women with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea have a higher risk of experiencing NVP during the first trimester. Periconceptional docosahexaenoic acid supplementation may play a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heze Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhou He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fatoumata Jallow
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingguang Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongrui Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Kim HS, Sarrafpour S, Teng CC, Liu J. External Disruption of Ocular Development in Utero. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2024; 97:41-48. [PMID: 38559457 PMCID: PMC10964818 DOI: 10.59249/rrmm8911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate steps of human ocular embryology are impacted by cellular and genetic signaling pathways and a myriad of external elements that can affect pregnancy, such as environmental, metabolic, hormonal factors, medications, and intrauterine infections. This review focuses on presenting some of these factors to recognize the multifactorial nature of ocular development and highlight their clinical significance. This review is based on English-language articles sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar; keywords searched included "ocular development in pregnancy," "ocular embryology," "maternal nutrition," "ophthalmic change," and "visual system development." While some animal models show the disruption of ocular embryology from these external factors, there are limited post-birth assessments in human studies. Much remains unknown about the precise mechanisms of how these external factors can disrupt normal ocular development in utero, and more significant research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of these disruptive effects further. Findings in this review emphasize the importance of additional research in understanding the dynamic association between factors impacting gestation and neonatal ocular development, particularly in the setting of limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sue Kim
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Soshian Sarrafpour
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Christopher C. Teng
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
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11
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Skytte HN, Roland MCP, Christensen JJ, Holven KB, Lekva T, Gunnes N, Michelsen TM. Maternal metabolic profiling across body mass index groups: An exploratory longitudinal study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:540-550. [PMID: 38083835 PMCID: PMC10867396 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased BMI has been identified as a risk factor for most pregnancy complications, but the underlying metabolic factors mediating the detrimental effects of BMI are largely unknown. We aimed to compare metabolic profiles in overweight/obese women (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) and normal weight/underweight women (BMI < 25 kg/m2 ) across gestation. We also explored how gestational weight gain (GWG) affected maternal metabolic profiles. MATERIAL AND METHODS Exploratory nested case-control study based on a prospective longitudinal cohort of women who were healthy prior to pregnancy and gave birth at Oslo University Hospital from 2002 to 2008. The sample consisted of 48 women who were overweight/obese and 59 normal-weight/underweight women. Plasma samples from four time points in pregnancy (weeks 14-16, 22-24, 30-32 and 36-38) were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 91 metabolites were measured. Linear regression models were fitted for each of the metabolites at each time point. RESULTS Overweight or obese women had higher levels of lipids in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total triglycerides, triglycerides in VLDL, total fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, leucine, valine, and total branched-chain amino acids in pregnancy weeks 14-16 compared to underweight and normal-weight women. Docosahexaenoic acid and degree of unsaturation were significantly lower in overweight/obese women in pregnancy weeks 36-38. In addition, overweight or obese women had higher particle concentration of XXL-VLDL and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) at weeks 14-16 and 30-32. GWG did not seem to affect the metabolic profile, regardless of BMI group when BMI was treated as a dichotomous variable, ≥25 kg/m2 (yes/no). CONCLUSIONS Overweight or obese women had smaller pregnancy-related metabolic alterations than normal-weight/underweight women. There was a trend toward higher triglyceride and VLDL particle concentration in overweight/obese women. As this was a hypothesis-generating study, the similarities with late-onset pre-eclampsia warrant further investigation. The unfavorable development of fatty acid composition in overweight/obese women, with possible implication for the offspring, should also be studied further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Nyhus Skytte
- Norwegian Research Center for Women's HealthOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Kirsten Bjørklund Holven
- Department of NutritionUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial HypercholesterolemiaOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Nina Gunnes
- Norwegian Research Center for Women's HealthOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Trond Melbye Michelsen
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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12
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Wackernagel D, Nilsson AK, Sjöbom U, Hellström A, Klevebro S, Hansen-Pupp I. Enteral supplementation with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid and pulmonary outcome in extremely preterm infants. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102613. [PMID: 38377640 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Enteral supplementation with arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in extremely preterm infants has shown beneficial effects on retinopathy of prematurity and pulmonary outcome whereas exclusive DHA supplementation has been associated with increased pulmonary morbidity. This secondary analysis evaluates pulmonary outcome in 204 extremely preterm infants, randomized to receive AA (100 mg/kg/day) and DHA (50 mg/kg/day) enterally from birth until term age or standard care. Pulmonary morbidity was primarily assessed based on severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Serum levels of AA and DHA during the first 28 days were analysed in relation to BPD. Supplementation with AA:DHA was not associated with increased BPD severity, adjusted OR 1.48 (95 % CI 0.85-2.61), nor with increased need for respiratory support at post menstrual age 36 weeks or duration of oxygen supplementation. Every 1 % increase in AA was associated with a reduction of BPD severity, adjusted OR 0.73 (95 % CI 0.58-0.92). In conclusion, in this study, with limited statistical power, enteral supplementation with AA:DHA was not associated with an increased risk of pulmonary morbidity, but higher levels of AA were associated with less severe BPD. Whether AA or the combination of AA and DHA have beneficial roles in the immature lung needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Wackernagel
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sjöbom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Learning and Leadership for Health Care Professionals At the Institute of Health and Care Science at Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Klevebro
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansen-Pupp
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Chalifour B, Holzhausen EA, Lim JJ, Yeo EN, Shen N, Jones DP, Peterson BS, Goran MI, Liang D, Alderete TL. The potential role of early life feeding patterns in shaping the infant fecal metabolome: implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 1:2. [PMID: 38299034 PMCID: PMC10828959 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-023-00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Infant fecal metabolomics can provide valuable insights into the associations of nutrition, dietary patterns, and health outcomes in early life. Breastmilk is typically classified as the best source of nutrition for nearly all infants. However, exclusive breastfeeding may not always be possible for all infants. This study aimed to characterize associations between levels of mixed breastfeeding and formula feeding, along with solid food consumption and the infant fecal metabolome at 1- and 6-months of age. As a secondary aim, we examined how feeding-associated metabolites may be associated with early life neurodevelopmental outcomes. Fecal samples were collected at 1- and 6-months, and metabolic features were assessed via untargeted liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Feeding groups were defined at 1-month as 1) exclusively breastfed, 2) breastfed >50% of feedings, or 3) formula fed ≥50% of feedings. Six-month groups were defined as majority breastmilk (>50%) or majority formula fed (≥50%) complemented by solid foods. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years. Changes in the infant fecal metabolome were associated with feeding patterns at 1- and 6-months. Feeding patterns were associated with the intensities of a total of 57 fecal metabolites at 1-month and 25 metabolites at 6-months, which were either associated with increased breastmilk or increased formula feeding. Most breastmilk-associated metabolites, which are involved in lipid metabolism and cellular processes like cell signaling, were associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores, while formula-associated metabolites were associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores. These findings offer preliminary evidence that feeding patterns are associated with altered infant fecal metabolomes, which may be associated with cognitive development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Joseph J. Lim
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Emily N. Yeo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Natalie Shen
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | - Donghai Liang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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14
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Lu AX, Lin Y, Li J, Liu JX, Yan CH, Zhang L. Effects of food-borne docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on bone lead mobilisation, mitochondrial function and serum metabolomics in pre-pregnancy lead-exposed lactating rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122613. [PMID: 37757928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Large bone lead (Pb) resulting from high environmental exposure during childhood is an important source of endogenous Pb during pregnancy and lactation. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) attenuates Pb toxicity, however, the effect of DHA on bone Pb mobilisation during lactation has not been investigated. We aimed to study the effects of DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on bone Pb mobilisation during lactation and its potential mechanisms. Weaning female rats were randomly divided into control (0.05% sodium acetate) and Pb-exposed (0.05% Pb acetate) groups, after a 4-week exposure by ad libitum drinking and a subsequent 4-week washout period, all female rats were mated with healthy males until pregnancy. Then exposed rats were randomly divided into Pb and Pb + DHA groups, and the latter was given a 0.14% DHA diet, while the remaining groups were given normal feed until the end of lactation. Pb and calcium levels, bone microarchitecture, bone turnover markers, mitochondrial function and serum metabolomics were analyzed. The results showed that higher blood and bone Pb levels were observed in the Pb group compared to the control, and there was a significant negative correlation between blood and bone Pb. Also, Pb increased trabecular bone loss along with slightly elevated serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) levels. However, DHA reduced CTX-I levels and improved trabecular bone microarchitecture. Metabolomics showed that Pb affected mitochondrial function, which was further demonstrated in bone tissue by significant reductions in ATP levels, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and CAT activities, and elevated levels of MDA, IL-1β and IL-18. However, these alterations were partially mitigated by DHA. In conclusion, DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improved bone Pb mobilisation and mitochondrial dysfunction in lactating rats induced by pre-pregnancy Pb exposure, providing potential means of mitigating bone Pb mobilisation levels during lactation, but the mechanism still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Xin Lu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yin Lin
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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15
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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Xie Q, Cui D, Zhu Q, Qin X, Ren D, Xu X. Supplementing maternal diet with milk oligosaccharides and probiotics helps develop the immune system and intestinal flora of offsprings. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6868-6877. [PMID: 37970377 PMCID: PMC10630837 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora is very important for improving the development of the immune system in newborns. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation is one of the key factors affecting the growth and development of offspring. The objective of the present study was to examine whether supplementation of maternal diet with milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium could influence the development of the intestinal flora and immune system of neonatal mice. In total, 30 pregnant Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (basal diet) and five intervention groups (basal diet supplemented with different doses of 2'-fucosyllactose [2'-FL] and Bifidobacterium Bb12) during the pregnancy period. All female mice were monitored for physical health during gavage. After delivery, the number of mice in each litter, any deformity, and the development of the offspring were recorded. The spleen, blood, and fecal samples of six groups of 10-12 day-old offspring were collected. The results demonstrated that maternal milk oligosaccharides and probiotics conferred protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immunosuppression in mice offspring by significantly enhancing the immune organ indexes, splenocyte proliferation, immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G, A, M) production as well as improving the macrophage phagocytosis (p < .05). The abundance of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in the feces of offspring mice in the intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the offspring mice in the control group (p < .05). These findings suggest that the combination of 2'-FL and Bifidobacterium Bb12 displayed synergistic interactions between the two components that could promote the development of the immune system of the offsprings and improve their microbiota through maternal ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xie
- College of Food ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | | | - Qinchao Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuewen Qin
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- College of Food ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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17
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Khandelwal S, Kondal D, Gupta R, Chaudhry M, Dutta S, Ramakrishnan L, Patil K, Swamy M, Prabhakaran D, Tandon N, Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD. Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation in Lactating Women Increases Breast Milk and Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations and Alters Infant n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102010. [PMID: 37877035 PMCID: PMC10590723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or high n-6 (ω-6):n-3 ratio in pregnant women is associated with poor fetal growth velocity and suboptimal neurodevelopment. However, there is a lack of data on levels of important n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FAs) at different time points during pregnancy and lactation from India. Data on how much DHA is transferred during actual supplementation are also scarce. Objectives We report the concentrations of n-6 and n-3 FAs in maternal and infant blood and in breast milk following maternal supplementation with DHA or placebo. Methods A total of 957 pregnant women (≤20 wk) from Belagavi, Karnataka, were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo through 6 mo postpartum. Blood samples were collected from the mother at recruitment/baseline, delivery, and 6 mo postpartum and from the infant at birth (cord) and 12 mo (venous). Breast milk samples were collected from a subsample at delivery, 1 mo and 6 mo postpartum. The FA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. Results The concentration of DHA appeared to be higher in erythrocyte and breast milk samples of the DHA-supplemented group at all subsequent time points. The n-6:n-3 ratio was lower among women in the DHA group at delivery [DHA: 4.08 (1.79); placebo: 5.84 (3.57); P < 0.001] and at 6 mo postpartum [DHA: 5.34 (2.64); placebo: 7.69 (2.9); P < 0.001]. Infants of DHA-supplemented mothers also had a lower n-6:n-3 ratio at delivery and 12 mo. The n-6:n-3 ratio of breast milk increased from delivery through 1 to 6 mo but remained lower in the DHA-supplemented group than in the placebo. Conclusions Maternal DHA supplementation with 400 mg/d from early pregnancy through 6 mo postpartum significantly increased circulating DHA in breast milk and infant erythrocyte, whereas decreased erythrocyte and breast milk n-6:n-3 ratio. However, maternal supplementation did not get the ratio to the recommended levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khandelwal
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Monica Chaudhry
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Soumam Dutta
- Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Department of Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Patil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE’s J.N. Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - M.K. Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE’s J.N. Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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18
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Kostina A, Lewis-Israeli YR, Abdelhamid M, Gabalski MA, Volmert BD, Lankerd H, Huang AR, Wasserman AH, Lydic T, Chan C, Olomu I, Aguirre A. ER stress and lipid imbalance drive embryonic cardiomyopathy in a human heart organoid model of pregestational diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544081. [PMID: 37333095 PMCID: PMC10274758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects constitute the most common birth defect in humans, affecting approximately 1% of all live births. The incidence of congenital heart defects is exacerbated by maternal conditions, such as diabetes during the first trimester. Our ability to mechanistically understand these disorders is severely limited by the lack of human models and the inaccessibility to human tissue at relevant stages. Here, we used an advanced human heart organoid model that recapitulates complex aspects of heart development during the first trimester to model the effects of pregestational diabetes in the human embryonic heart. We observed that heart organoids in diabetic conditions develop pathophysiological hallmarks like those previously reported in mouse and human studies, including ROS-mediated stress and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, among others. Single cell RNA-seq revealed cardiac cell type specific-dysfunction affecting epicardial and cardiomyocyte populations, and suggested alterations in endoplasmic reticulum function and very long chain fatty acid lipid metabolism. Confocal imaging and LC-MS lipidomics confirmed our observations and showed that dyslipidemia was mediated by fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) mRNA decay dependent on IRE1-RIDD signaling. We also found that the effects of pregestational diabetes could be reversed to a significant extent using drug interventions targeting either IRE1 or restoring healthy lipid levels within organoids, opening the door to new preventative and therapeutic strategies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kostina
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yonatan R. Lewis-Israeli
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mishref Abdelhamid
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Gabalski
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brett D. Volmert
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haley Lankerd
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Amanda R. Huang
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aaron H. Wasserman
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Isoken Olomu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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19
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Sullivan TR, Gould JF, Bednarz JM, McPhee AJ, Gibson R, Anderson PJ, Best KP, Sharp M, Cheong JL, Opie GF, Travadi J, Davis PG, Simmer K, Collins CT, Doyle LW, Makrides M. Mediation Analysis to Untangle Opposing Associations of High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid With IQ and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Children Born Preterm. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2317870. [PMID: 37294565 PMCID: PMC10257101 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance High-dose omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of children born at less than 29 weeks' gestation has been shown to improve IQ despite increasing the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Given that BPD is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, it is unclear whether the increased risk of BPD with DHA supplementation is associated with decreased benefit to IQ. Objective To investigate whether the increased risk of BPD with DHA supplementation was associated with diminished IQ benefit. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data collected from a multicenter, blinded, randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation in children born at less than 29 weeks' gestation. Participants were recruited from 2012 to 2015 and followed up until 5 years' corrected age. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to February 2023. Interventions Enteral DHA emulsion (60 mg/kg/d, to match the estimated in-utero requirement) or a control emulsion from the first 3 days of enteral feeds until 36 weeks' postmenstrual age or discharge home. Main Outcomes and Measures Physiological BPD was assessed at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. IQ was assessed at 5 years' corrected age using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th Edition; children from the 5 highest-recruiting Australian hospitals were assessed. The total effect of DHA supplementation on IQ was divided into direct and indirect effects using mediation analysis, with BPD as the presumed mediating variable. Results Among 656 surviving children from hospitals involved in IQ follow-up (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 26.8 [1.4] weeks; 346 males [52.7%]), there were 323 children with DHA supplementation and 333 children in the control group. Mean IQ was 3.45 points (95% CI, 0.38 to 6.53 points) higher in the DHA group than the control group, despite an increase in the risk of BPD (160 children [49.7%] vs 143 children [42.8%] with BPD). The indirect effect of DHA on IQ via BPD was not statistically significant (-0.17 points; 95% CI, -0.62 to 0.13 points), with most of the effect of DHA on IQ occurring independently of BPD (direct effect = 3.62 points; 95% CI, 0.55 to 6.81 points). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that associations of DHA with BPD and IQ were largely independent. This finding suggests that if clinicians supplement children born preterm with high-dose DHA, any resulting increase in BPD risk would not be associated with meaningful reductions in the IQ benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Sullivan
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F. Gould
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jana M. Bednarz
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McPhee
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Gibson
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J. Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen P. Best
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary Sharp
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- Newborn Medicine, Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeanie L.Y. Cheong
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian F. Opie
- Neonatal Services, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Javeed Travadi
- Department of Child Health, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Waikato Hospital, Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Newborn Services, John Hunter Children’s Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G. Davis
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Newborn Medicine, Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmel T. Collins
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lex W. Doyle
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Abu Bakar N, Wan Ibrahim WN, Zulkiflli AR, Saleh Hodin NA, Kim TY, Ling YS, Md Ajat MM, Shaari K, Shohaimi S, Nasruddin NS, Mohd Faudzi SM, Kim CH. Embryonic mercury exposure in zebrafish: Alteration of metabolites and gene expression, related to visual and behavioral impairments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114862. [PMID: 37004432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of mercury, a heavy metal found in the environment and used in numerous industries and domestic, raises concerns about its potential impact on human health. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of this environmental toxicant at low concentrations are often underestimated. There are emerging studies showing that accumulation of mercury in the eye may contribute to visual impairment and a comorbidity between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) trait and visual impairment. However, the underlying mechanism of visual impairment in humans and rodents is challenging. In response to this issue, zebrafish larvae with a cone-dominated retinal visual system were exposed to 100 nM mercury chloride (HgCl2), according to our previous study, followed by light-dark stimulation, a social assay, and color preference to examine the functionality of the visual system in relation to ASD-like behavior. Exposure of embryos to HgCl2 from gastrulation to hatching increased locomotor activity in the dark, reduced shoaling and exploratory behavior, and impaired color preference. Defects in microridges as the first barrier may serve as primary tools for HgCl2 toxicity affecting vision. Depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), alpha-linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), stearic acid, L-phenylalanine, isoleucine, L-lysine, and N-acetylputrescine, along with the increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sphingosine-1-phosphate, and citrulline assayed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) suggest that these metabolites serve as biomarkers of retinal impairments that affect vision and behavior. Although suppression of adsl, shank3a, tsc1b, and nrxn1a gene expression was observed, among these tsc1b showed more positive correlation with ASD. Collectively, these results contribute new insights into the possible mechanism of mercury toxicity give rise to visual, cognitive, and social deficits in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Abu Bakar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Zulkiflli
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Atikah Saleh Hodin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soon Ling
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mokrish Md Ajat
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal PUFAs, Placental Epigenetics, and Their Relevance to Fetal Growth and Brain Development. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:408-427. [PMID: 35676498 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 (n-3) and n-6 long-chain (LC) PUFAs, are indispensable for the fetus' brain supplied by the placenta. Despite being highly unsaturated, n-3 LCPUFA-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a protective role as an antioxidant in the brain. Deficiency of DHA during fetal development may cause irreversible damages in neurodevelopment programming. Dietary PUFAs can impact placental structure and functions by regulating early placentation processes, such as angiogenesis. They promote remodeling of uteroplacental architecture to facilitate increased blood flow and surface area for nutrient exchange. The placenta's fatty acid transfer depends on the uteroplacental vascular development, ensuring adequate maternal circulatory fatty acids transport to fulfill the fetus' rapid growth and development requirements. Maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency predominantly leads to placental epigenetic changes than other fetal developing organs. A global shift in DNA methylation possibly transmits epigenetic instability in developing fetuses due to n-3 PUFA deficiency. Thus, an optimal level of maternal omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs may protect the placenta's structural and functional integrity and allow fetal growth by controlling the aberrant placental epigenetic changes. This narrative review summarizes the recent advances and underpins the roles of maternal PUFAs on the structure and functions of the placenta and their relevance to fetal growth and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Srinivas V, Molangiri A, Varma S, Mallepogu A, Kona SR, Ibrahim A, Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid deficiency affects fetal thermogenic development and postnatal musculoskeletal growth in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109218. [PMID: 36375730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deficiency can affect offspring's adiposity and metabolism by modulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the impact of n-3 PUFA deficiency on the development of fetal thermogenesis and its consequences is not reported. Using an n-3 PUFA deficient mice, we assessed fetal interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), body fat composition, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose transporters (GLUTs), and expression of lipid storage & metabolic proteins in the offspring. The n-3 PUFA deficiency did not change the pups' calorie intake, organ weight, and body weight. However, the offspring's skeletal growth was altered due to excess fat to lean mass, reduced tibia & femur elongation, dysregulated IGF-1 in the mother and pups (P< .05). Localization of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in iBAT exhibited a reduced expression in the deficient fetus. Further, UCP1, GLUT1, GPR120 were downregulated while FABP3, ADRP, GLUT4 expressions were upregulated in the BAT of the deficient offspring (P< .05). The deficiency decreased endogenous conversion of the n-3 LCPUFAs from their precursors and upregulated SCD1, FASN, and MFSD2A mRNAs in the liver (P< .05). An altered musculoskeletal growth in the offspring is associated with impaired browning of the fetal adipose, dysregulated thermogenesis, growth hormone, and expression of glucose and fatty acid metabolic mediators due to maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency. BAT had higher metabolic sensitivity compared to WAT in n-3 PUFA deficiency. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake may prevent excess adiposity by modulating fetal development of thermogenesis and skeletal growth dynamics in the mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasagaram Srinivas
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Archana Molangiri
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aswani Mallepogu
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjay Basak
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
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23
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Comparative Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Content in Mother's Milk of Term and Preterm Mothers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214595. [PMID: 36364856 PMCID: PMC9654769 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Study: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an essential role in infants’ development. Maternal diet and breastmilk are the primary DHA sources for newborns. This single-center observational study aimed to compare the DHA content in mother’s milk of preterm mothers with that of term ones, and to investigate the changes in mother’s milk DHA content according to the week of the gestational age. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was submitted to each mother to estimate the DHA intake during the last trimester of pregnancy, and the mother’s milk was collected between 24 and 96 h post-partum. Results: Women who gave birth prematurely showed a lower content of mother’s milk DHA than the term ones (0.51; IQR 0.38−0.6% FA vs. 0.71; IQR 0.52−0.95% FA; p = 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression analyses, for each additional week of gestational age, there was an increase in DHA content in the mother’s milk (0.046% FA; CI 95% 0.018−0.074; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that breast milk may not be sufficient to fully satisfy the recommended DHA intake in preterm infants. This study may represent a starting point to investigate new possible DHA supplementation strategies, especially for the late and moderate preterm infants.
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24
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Khanal P, Duttaroy AK. Prospect of potential intrauterine programming impacts associated with COVID-19. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986162. [PMID: 36091565 PMCID: PMC9451506 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide public health concern. In addition to immediate impacts on human health and well-being, COVID-19 can result in unfortunate and long-term health consequences for future generations. In particular, pregnant women and developing fetuses in low-income settings could be prone to a higher risk of undernutrition, often due to an inadequate supply of food and nutrition during a pandemic outbreak like COVID-19. Such situations can subsequently lead to an increased risk of undesirable health consequences, such as non-communicable diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, in individuals born to exposed mothers via fetal programming. Moreover, COVID-19 infection or related stress during pregnancy can induce long-term programming outcomes on neuroendocrinological systems in offspring after birth. However, the long-lasting consequences of the transplacental transmission of COVID-19 in offspring are currently unknown. Here we hypothesize that a COVID-19 pandemic triggers intrauterine programming outcomes in offspring due to multiple maternal factors (e.g., nutrition deficiency, stress, infection, inflammation) during pregnancy. Thus, it is crucial to establish an integrated lifetime health information system for individuals born in or around the COVID-19 pandemic to identify those at risk of adverse pre-and postnatal nutritional programming. This approach will assist in designing specific dietary or other nutritional interventions to minimize the potential undesirable outcomes in those nutritionally programmed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Khanal
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Yang T, Zhao J, Liu F, Li Y. Lipid metabolism and endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:858-889. [PMID: 35639910 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has now been recognized as a high-risk factor for reproductive health. Although remarkable advancements have been made in ART, a considerable number of infertile obese women still suffer from serial implantation failure, despite the high quality of embryos transferred. Although obesity has long been known to exert various deleterious effects on female fertility, the underlying mechanisms, especially the roles of lipid metabolism in endometrial receptivity, remain largely elusive. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes current evidence on the impacts of several major lipids and lipid-derived mediators on the embryonic implantation process. Emerging methods for evaluating endometrial receptivity, for example transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis, are also discussed. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the following keywords: (lipid or fatty acid or prostaglandin or phospholipid or sphingolipid or endocannabinoid or lysophosphatidic acid or cholesterol or progesterone or estrogen or transcriptomic or lipidomic or obesity or dyslipidemia or polycystic ovary syndrome) AND (endometrial receptivity or uterine receptivity or embryo implantation or assisted reproductive technology or in vitro fertilization or embryo transfer). A comprehensive literature search was performed on the roles of lipid-related metabolic pathways in embryo implantation published between January 1970 and March 2022. Only studies with original data and reviews published in English were included in this review. Additional information was obtained from references cited in the articles resulting from the literature search. OUTCOMES Recent studies have shown that a fatty acids-related pro-inflammatory response in the embryo-endometrium boundary facilitates pregnancy via mediation of prostaglandin signaling. Phospholipid-derived mediators, for example endocannabinoids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are associated with endometrial receptivity, embryo spacing and decidualization based on evidence from both animal and human studies. Progesterone and estrogen are two cholesterol-derived steroid hormones that synergistically mediate the structural and functional alterations in the uterus ready for blastocyst implantation. Variations in serum cholesterol profiles throughout the menstrual cycle imply a demand for steroidogenesis at the time of window of implantation (WOI). Since 2002, endometrial transcriptomic analysis has been serving as a diagnostic tool for WOI dating. Numerous genes that govern lipid homeostasis have been identified and, based on specific alterations of lipidomic signatures differentially expressed in WOI, lipidomic analysis of endometrial fluid provides a possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of lipids alterations during the WOI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Given that lipid metabolic dysregulation potentially plays a role in infertility, a better understanding of lipid metabolism could have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
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Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wen Y, Hu L, Li J, Geng Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Chen X, Yu L, Tang H, Han T, Yang Y, Liu X. Exposure to two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 (MXene) nanosheets during early pregnancy impairs neurodevelopment of offspring in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:108. [PMID: 35248077 PMCID: PMC8898431 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 (MXene) nanosheets have been extensively explored for various biomedical applications. However, safety issues and the effects of Ti3C2 on human health remain poorly understood. Results To explore the influence on foetal or offspring after exposure to Ti3C2 nanosheets, we established a mouse model exposed to different doses of Ti3C2 nanosheets during early pregnancy in this study. We found that Ti3C2 nanosheets had negligible effect on the reproductive ability of maternal mice, including average pregnancy days, number of new-borns, and neonatal weight, etc. Unexpectedly, abnormal neurobehavior and pathological changes in the cerebral hippocampus and cortex in adult offspring were observed following Ti3C2 nanosheet treatment. In further studies, it was found that Ti3C2 exposure led to developmental and functional defects in the placenta, including reduced area of labyrinth, disordered secretion of placental hormones, and metabolic function derailment. The long-chain unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in the placenta after Ti3C2 exposure, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid. The metabolic pathway analysis showed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was upregulated while linoleic acid metabolism was downregulated. Conclusions These developmental and functional defects, particularly metabolic function derailment in placenta may be the cause for the neuropathology in the offspring. This is the first report about the effects of Ti3C2 nanosheet exposure on pregnancy and offspring. The data provides a better understanding of Ti3C2 nanosheets safety. It is suggested that future studies should pay more attention to the long-term effects of nanomaterials exposure, including the health of offspring in adulthood, rather than only focus on short-term effects, such as pregnancy outcomes. Metabolomics could provide clues for finding the prevention targets of the biological negative effect of Ti3C2 nanosheets. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01313-z.
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development. Front Physiol 2022; 12:787848. [PMID: 35126178 PMCID: PMC8811195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, and their roles in feto-placental growth and development. The review also highlights how maternal fat metabolism modulates lipid processing, including transportation, esterification, and oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asim K. Duttaroy,
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
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29
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Nevins JEH, Donovan SM, Snetselaar L, Dewey KG, Novotny R, Stang J, Taveras EM, Kleinman RE, Bailey RL, Raghavan R, Scinto-Madonich SR, Venkatramanan S, Butera G, Terry N, Altman J, Adler M, Obbagy JE, Stoody EE, de Jesus J. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dietary Supplements Consumed During Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review. J Nutr 2021; 151:3483-3494. [PMID: 34383914 PMCID: PMC8764572 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has profound effects on the development and lifelong health of the child. Long-chain PUFAs are particularly important for myelination and the development of vision during the perinatal period. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and/or lactation and neurodevelopment in children, to inform the Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. METHODS We identified articles on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in pregnant and lactating women that included measures of neurodevelopment in their children (0-18 y) by searching PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, and CINAHL Plus. After dual screening articles for inclusion, we qualitatively synthesized and graded the strength of evidence using pre-established criteria for assessing risk of bias, consistency, directness, precision, and generalizability. RESULTS We included 33 articles from 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 prospective cohort study. Of the 8 RCTs that delivered omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplements during pregnancy alone (200-2200 mg/d DHA and 0-1100 mg/d EPA for approximately 20 wk), 5 studies reported ≥1 finding that supplementation improved measures of cognitive development in the infant or child by 6%-11% (P < 0.05), but all 8 studies also reported ≥1 nonsignificant (P > 0.05) result. There was inconsistent or insufficient evidence for other outcomes (language, social-emotional, physical, motor, or visual development; academic performance; risks of attention deficit disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, or depression) and for supplementation during lactation or both pregnancy and lactation. Populations with a lower socioeconomic status and adolescents were underrepresented and studies lacked racial and ethnic diversity. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy may result in favorable cognitive development in the child. There was insufficient evidence to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on other developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E H Nevins
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, HI, USA
| | - Jamie Stang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald E Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sara R Scinto-Madonich
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sudha Venkatramanan
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Gisela Butera
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | | | - Jean Altman
- Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Meghan Adler
- Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Julie E Obbagy
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Eve E Stoody
- Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Janet de Jesus
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, HHS, United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Chaudron Y, Pifferi F, Aujard F. Overview of age-related changes in psychomotor and cognitive functions in a prosimian primate, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus): Recent advances in risk factors and antiaging interventions. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23337. [PMID: 34706117 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is not homogeneous in humans and the determinants leading to differences between subjects are not fully understood. Impaired glucose homeostasis is a major risk factor for cognitive decline in middle-aged humans, pointing at the existence of early markers of unhealthy aging. The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), a small lemuriform Malagasy primate, shows relatively slow aging with decreased psychomotor capacities at middle-age (around 5-year old). In some cases (∼10%), it spontaneously leads to pathological aging. In this case, some age-related deficits, such as severe cognitive decline, brain atrophy, amyloidosis, and glucoregulatory imbalance are congruent with what is observed in humans. In the present review, we inventory the changes occurring in psychomotor and cognitive functions during healthy and pathological aging in mouse lemur. It includes a summary of the cerebral, metabolic, and cellular alterations that occur during aging and their relation to cognitive decline. As nutrition is one of the major nonpharmacological antiaging strategies with major potential effects on cognitive performances, we also discuss its role in brain functions and cognitive decline in this species. We show that the overall approach of aging studies in the gray mouse lemur offers promising ways of investigation for understanding, prevention, and treatments of pathological aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Chaudron
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France
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31
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Mohr-Sasson A, Anteby M, Kandel-Kfir M, Harari A, Rahav R, Kamari Y, Shaish A, Harats D, Cohen H, Hendler I. Blood fatty acid analysis reveals similar n-3 fatty acid composition in non-pregnant and pregnant women and their neonates in an Israeli pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 173:102339. [PMID: 34487973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is required during pregnancy to supply for normal fetal growth and development. This pilot study aimed to assess the unknown fatty acid (FA) composition in a cohort of non-pregnant and pregnant Israeli women at term and their offspring on a normal diet without n-3 FA supplementation. The fatty acid profile, analyzed using gas chromatography, showed significantly higher plasma monounsaturated (MUFA) and lower n-6 FA percent distribution with similar n-3 index, in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. RBC exhibited significantly higher MUFA with similar n-3 index, in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. N-3 FA significantly correlated between neonates' plasma, with higher n-3 index, and pregnant women's DHA. Conclusion: DHA levels in non-pregnant and pregnant Israeli women at term were comparable and the DHA in pregnant women's plasma positively correlated with their neonate's level, suggesting an efficient mother-fetus FA transfer and/or fetal fatty acid metabolism to longer FA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Aya Mohr-Sasson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Matan Anteby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Roni Rahav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Israel Hendler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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32
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072421. [PMID: 34371930 PMCID: PMC8308533 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism and physiological responses of other organs, including the heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake of the omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely as a result of lower blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests that increasing intake of arachidonic acid (up to 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function and markers of inflammation, but may benefit muscle and cognitive performance. Many studies show that higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases characterized by elevated inflammation, including CVDs. This is because of the multiple molecular and cellular actions of EPA and DHA. Intervention trials using EPA + DHA indicate benefit on CVD mortality and a significant inverse linear dose-response relationship has been found between EPA + DHA intake and CVD outcomes. In addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, omega-3 fatty acids are considered to regulate platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis, which together indicate their potential use in COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Abbott LC, Nigussie F. Mercury Toxicity and Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147520. [PMID: 34299140 PMCID: PMC8305137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is formed from billions of cells that include a wide array of neuronal and glial subtypes. Neural progenitor cells give rise to the vast majority of these cells during embryonic, fetal, and early postnatal developmental periods. The process of embryonic neurogenesis includes proliferation, differentiation, migration, the programmed death of some newly formed cells, and the final integration of differentiated neurons into neural networks. Adult neurogenesis also occurs in the mammalian brain, but adult neurogenesis is beyond the scope of this review. Developing embryonic neurons are particularly susceptible to neurotoxicants and especially mercury toxicity. This review focused on observations concerning how mercury, and in particular, methylmercury, affects neurogenesis in the developing mammalian brain. We summarized information on models used to study developmental mercury toxicity, theories of pathogenesis, and treatments that could be used to reduce the toxic effects of mercury on developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Abbott
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-541-254-0779
| | - Fikru Nigussie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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Special Issue "Maternal DHA Impact on Child Neurodevelopment". Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072209. [PMID: 34199063 PMCID: PMC8308222 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this special issue, we have focused on the maternal docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), on children's neurodevelopment [...].
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Huang Z, Huang S, Song T, Yin Y, Tan C. Placental Angiogenesis in Mammals: A Review of the Regulatory Effects of Signaling Pathways and Functional Nutrients. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2415-2434. [PMID: 34167152 PMCID: PMC8634476 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal placental development and proper angiogenesis are essential for fetal growth during pregnancy. Angiogenesis involves the regulatory action of many angiogenic factors and a series of signal transduction processes inside and outside the cell. The obstruction of placental angiogenesis causes fetal growth restriction and serious pregnancy complications, even leading to fetal loss and pregnancy cessation. In this review, the effects of placental angiogenesis on fetal development are described, and several signaling pathways related to placental angiogenesis and their key regulatory mediators are summarized. These factors, which include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor, delta-like ligand 4 (DLL-4)-Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, may affect the placental angiogenesis process. Moreover, the degree of vascularization depends on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which is affected by the synthesis and secretion of metabolites or intermediates and mutual coordination or inhibition in these pathways. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances regarding the role of functional nutrients (including amino acids and fatty acids) in regulating placental angiogenesis. Understanding the specific mechanism of placental angiogenesis and its influence on fetal development may facilitate the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating nutritional regulation strategies during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2021; 13:2061. [PMID: 34208549 PMCID: PMC8234848 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. Although the structural and functional roles of DHA in brain development are well investigated, similar roles of ARA are not well documented. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-functional roles and their levels in the gene expression and signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously emanating. In addition to DHA, the importance of ARA has been much discussed in recent years for fetal and postnatal brain development and the maternal supply of ARA and DHA. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not clearly known yet. This review describes the importance of ARA, in addition to DHA, in supporting the optimal brain development and growth and functional roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500 007, India;
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Cultivation Method Effect on Schizochytrium sp. Biomass Growth and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production with the Use of Waste Glycerol as a Source of Organic Carbon. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive carbon sources offering an alternative to glucose are searched for to reduce costs of docosahexaenoic acid production by microalgae. The use of waste glycerol seems substantiated and prospective in this case. The objective of this study was to determine the production yield of heterotrophic microalgae Schizochytrium sp. biomass and the efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid production in various types of cultures with waste glycerol. Cultivation conditions were optimized using the Plackett–Burman method and Response Surface Methodology. The highest technological performance was obtained in the fed-batch culture, where the concentration of Schizochytrium sp. biomass reached 103.44 ± 1.50 g/dm3, the lipid concentration in Schizochytrium sp. biomass was at 48.85 ± 0.81 g/dm3, and the docosahexaenoic acid concentration at 21.98 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The highest docosahexaenoic acid content, accounting for 61.76 ± 3.77% of total fatty acids, was determined in lipid bodies of the Schizochytrium sp. biomass produced in the batch culture, whereas the lowest one, accounting for 44.99 ± 2.12% of total fatty acids, in those of the biomass grown in the fed-batch culture.
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