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Ashique S, Mohanto S, Kumar N, Nag S, Mishra A, Biswas A, Rihan M, Srivastava S, Bhowmick M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. Unlocking the possibilities of therapeutic potential of silymarin and silibinin against neurodegenerative Diseases-A mechanistic overview. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176906. [PMID: 39154829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Silymarin, a bioflavonoid derived from the Silybum marianum plant, was discovered in 1960. It contains C25 and has been extensively used as a therapeutic agent against liver-related diseases caused by alcohol addiction, acute viral hepatitis, and toxins-inducing liver failure. Its efficacy stems from its role as a potent anti-oxidant and scavenger of free radicals, employed through various mechanisms. Additionally, silymarin or silybin possesses immunomodulatory characteristics, impacting immune-enhancing and immune-suppressive functions. Recently, silymarin has been recognized as a potential neuroprotective therapy for various neurological conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, along with conditions related to cerebral ischemia. Its hepatoprotective qualities, primarily due to its anti-oxidant and tissue-regenerating properties, are well-established. Silymarin also enhances health by modifying processes such as inflammation, β-amyloid accumulation, cellular estrogenic receptor mediation, and apoptotic machinery. While believed to reduce oxidative stress and support neuroprotective mechanisms, these effects represent just one aspect of the compound's multifaceted protective action. This review article further delves into the possibilities of potential therapeutic advancement of silymarin and silibinin for the management of neurodegenerative disorders via mechanics modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Nitish Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201204, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Aritra Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara Akhil Mukherjee Road, Khardaha, West Bengal, 700118, India; UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 203201, India; Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mithun Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Al-Hatou M, Safan AS, Atta MA, Siddiqi M. Clinical and Biochemical Analysis of Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Deficiency Presented with Late-Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia and Hemolytic Anemia. Mol Syndromol 2024; 15:432-436. [PMID: 39359943 PMCID: PMC11444706 DOI: 10.1159/000538225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), previously known as gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, is an essential rate-limiting step in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione modulates multitudes of critical cellular processes and scavenges free radicals. Its deficiency is reported to cause hemolysis of variable severity and is a rare cause of neurological abnormalities such as spinocerebellar ataxia. Clinical Presentation We report a 55-year-old female patient with progressive late-onset ataxia, lower limb spasticity, and chronic hemolytic anemia found to have a GCLC pathogenic variant and low glutathione level. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head and cervical spine showed global cerebellar atrophy with widened folia and decreased diameter of the upper cervical spine. Blood workup revealed hemolytic anemia with genetic testing confirmed a homozygous variant, c.514 T>A in exon 4 of the GCLC gene, resulting in Ser172Thr (TCC>ACC). Management encompassed a multidisciplinary approach with a trial of high-dose alpha-lipoic acid, glutathione supplement, and physical therapy. Conclusions GCLC deficiency manifesting with hemolysis has been reported in 12 cases worldwide from 6 independent families, with only 4 cases having additional neurological manifestations. To date, no specific GCLC gene mutation has been attributed to the reported neurological constellation of symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of late-onset spinocerebellar degeneration as a manifestation of c.514T>A (p. S172T) GCLC pathological variant genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Hatou
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abeer Sabry Safan
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Atta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria Siddiqi
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Singh A, Sinha S, Singh NK. Dietary Natural Flavonoids: Intervention for MAO-B Against Parkinson's Disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14619. [PMID: 39223743 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) stands as the second most common neurological disorder after Alzheimer's disease, primarily affecting the elderly population and significantly compromising their quality of life. The precise etiology of PD remains elusive, but recent research has shed light on potential factors, including the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter imbalances, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain, culminating in motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, akinesia, tremors, and rigidity. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an essential enzyme, comprising two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, responsible for the oxidation of monoamines such as dopamine. Increased MAO-B activity is responsible for decreased dopamine levels in the SNpc region of mid brain which is remarkably associated with the pathogenesis of PD-like manifestations. Inhibitors of MAO-B enhance striatal neuronal responses to dopamine, making them valuable in treating PD, which involves dopamine deficiency. Clinically approved MAO-B inhibitors such as selegiline, L-deprenyl, pargyline, and rasagiline are employed in the management of neurodegenerative conditions associated with PD. Current therapeutic interventions including MAO-B inhibitors for PD predominantly aim to alleviate these motor symptoms but often come with a host of side effects that can be particularly challenging for the patients. While effective, they have limitations, prompting a search for alternative treatments, there is a growing interest in exploring natural products notably flavonoids as potential sources of novel MAO-B inhibitors. In line with that, the present review focuses on natural flavonoids of plant origin that hold promise as potential candidates for the development of novel MAO-B inhibitors. The discussion encompasses both in vitro and in vivo studies, shedding light on their potential therapeutic applications. Furthermore, this review underscores the significance of exploring natural products as valuable reservoirs of MAO-B inhibitors, offering new avenues for drug development and addressing the pressing need for improved treatments in PD-like pathological conditions. The authors of this review majorly explore the neuroprotective potential of natural flavonoids exhibiting notable MAO-B inhibitory activity and additionally multi-targeted approaches in the treatment of PD with clinical evidence and challenges faced in current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashini Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Terranova ML. Physiological Roles of Eumelanin- and Melanogenesis-Associated Diseases: A Look at the Potentialities of Engineered and Microbial Eumelanin in Clinical Practice. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:756. [PMID: 39199714 PMCID: PMC11351163 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to highlight the physiological actions exerted by eumelanin present in several organs/tissues of the human body and to rationalise the often conflicting functional roles played by this biopolymer on the basis of its peculiar properties. Besides pigmentary disorders, a growing number of organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are presently ascribed to the modification of physiological eumelanin levels in terms of alterations in its chemical/structural features, and of a partial loss or uneven distribution of the pigment. The present review analyses the more recent research dedicated to the physiological and pathological actions of eumelanin and provides an insight into some melanogenesis-associated diseases of the skin, eye, ear, and brain, including the most significant neurodegenerative disorders. Also described are the potentialities of therapies based on the localised supply of exogeneous EU and the opportunities that EU produced via synthetic biology offers in order to redesign therapeutical and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Terranova
- Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy
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Liang LP, Sri Hari A, Day BJ, Patel M. Pharmacological elevation of glutathione inhibits status epilepticus-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative injury. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103168. [PMID: 38714094 PMCID: PMC11087235 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a major endogenous antioxidant, and its depletion has been observed in several brain diseases including epilepsy. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that dimercaprol (DMP) can elevate GSH via post-translational activation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme and inhibit neuroinflammation in vitro. Here we determined 1) the role of cysteamine as a new mechanism by which DMP increases GSH biosynthesis and 2) its ability to inhibit neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in the rat kainate model of epilepsy. DMP depleted cysteamine in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in a cell free system. To guide the in vivo administration of DMP, its pharmacokinetic profile was determined in the plasma, liver, and brain. The results confirmed DMP's ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier. Treatment of rats with DMP (30 mg/kg) depleted cysteamine in the liver and hippocampus that was associated with increased GCL activity in these tissues. GSH levels were significantly increased (20 %) in the hippocampus 1 h after 30 mg/kg DMP administration. Following DMP (30 mg/kg) administration once daily, a marked attenuation of GSH depletion was seen in the SE model. SE-induced inflammatory markers including cytokine release, microglial activation, and neuronal death were significantly attenuated in the hippocampus with DMP treatment. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of restoring redox status with rescue of GSH depletion by DMP in post epileptogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ashwini Sri Hari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80202, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Oberholtzer N, Mills S, Mehta S, Chakraborty P, Mehrotra S. Role of antioxidants in modulating anti-tumor T cell immune resposne. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 162:99-124. [PMID: 39069371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
It has been well established that in addition to oxygen's vital in cellular respiration, a disruption of oxygen balance can lead to increased stress and oxidative injury. Similarly, reduced oxygen during tumor proliferation and invasion generates a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, resulting in dysfunction of immune cells and providing a conducive milieu for tumors to adapt and grow. Strategies to improve the persistence tumor reactive T cells in the highly oxidative tumor environment are being pursued for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes. To this end, we have focused on various strategies that can help increase or maintain the antioxidant capacity of T cells, thus reducing their susceptibility to oxidative stress/damage. Herein we lay out an overview on the role of oxygen in T cell signaling and how pathways regulating oxidative stress or antioxidant signaling can be targeted to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie Mills
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shubham Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Hu K, Xu Y, Fan J, Liu H, Di C, Xu F, Wu L, Ding K, Zhang T, Wang L, Ai H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Feasibility exploration of GSH in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy from the aspects of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1387409. [PMID: 38887546 PMCID: PMC11181355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1387409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study highlighted the therapeutic potential of glutathione (GSH), an intracellular thiol tripeptide ubiquitous in mammalian tissues, in mitigating hepatic and cerebral damage. Building on this premise, we posited the hypothesis that GSH could be a promising candidate for treating acute hepatic encephalopathy (AHE). To verify this conjecture, we systematically investigated the feasibility of GSH as a therapeutic agent for AHE through comprehensive pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and mechanistic studies using a thioacetamide-induced AHE rat model. Our pharmacodynamic data demonstrated that oral GSH could significantly improve behavioral scores and reduce hepatic damage of AHE rats by regulating intrahepatic ALT, AST, inflammatory factors, and homeostasis of amino acids. Additionally, oral GSH demonstrated neuroprotective effects by alleviating the accumulation of intracerebral glutamine, down-regulating glutamine synthetase, and reducing taurine exposure. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that AHE modeling led to significant decrease in hepatic and cerebral exposure of GSH and cysteine. However, oral GSH greatly enhanced the intrahepatic and intracortical GSH and CYS in AHE rats. Given the pivotal roles of CYS and GSH in maintaining redox homeostasis, we investigated the interplay between oxidative stress and pathogenesis/treatment of AHE. Our data revealed that GSH administration significantly relieved oxidative stress levels caused by AHE modeling via down-regulating the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NF-κB P65. Importantly, our findings further suggested that GSH administration significantly regulated the excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by AHE modeling through the iNOS/ATF4/Ddit3 pathway. In summary, our study uncovered that exogenous GSH could stabilize intracerebral GSH and CYS levels to act on brain oxidative and ER stress, which have great significance for revealing the therapeutic effect of GSH on AHE and promoting its further development and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrui Hu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiye Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huafang Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanjuan Di
- Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gucheng, Hebei Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gucheng, Hebei Province, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyu Ai
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Vohra A, Keefe P, Puthanveetil P. Altered Metabolic Signaling and Potential Therapies in Polyglutamine Diseases. Metabolites 2024; 14:320. [PMID: 38921455 PMCID: PMC11205831 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine diseases comprise a cluster of genetic disorders involving neurodegeneration and movement disabilities. In polyglutamine diseases, the target proteins become aberrated due to polyglutamine repeat formation. These aberrant proteins form the root cause of associated complications. The metabolic regulation during polyglutamine diseases is not well studied and needs more attention. We have brought to light the significance of regulating glutamine metabolism during polyglutamine diseases, which could help in decreasing the neuronal damage associated with excess glutamate and nucleotide generation. Most polyglutamine diseases are accompanied by symptoms that occur due to excess glutamate and nucleotide accumulation. Along with a dysregulated glutamine metabolism, the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels drop down, and, under these conditions, NAD+ supplementation is the only achievable strategy. NAD+ is a major co-factor in the glutamine metabolic pathway, and it helps in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Thus, strategies to decrease excess glutamate and nucleotide generation, as well as channelizing glutamine toward the generation of ATP and the maintenance of NAD+ homeostasis, could aid in neuronal health. Along with understanding the metabolic dysregulation that occurs during polyglutamine diseases, we have also focused on potential therapeutic strategies that could provide direct benefits or could restore metabolic homeostasis. Our review will shed light into unique metabolic causes and into ideal therapeutic strategies for treating complications associated with polyglutamine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Vohra
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (A.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrick Keefe
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (A.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Prasanth Puthanveetil
- College of Graduate Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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Wang S, Guo Q, Zhou L, Xia X. Ferroptosis: A double-edged sword. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:265. [PMID: 38816377 PMCID: PMC11139933 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis represents a form of programmed cell death that is propelled by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, thereby being distinguished by the prominent features of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological phenomena, with mounting indications that it holds significant implications for cancer and other medical conditions. On one side, it demonstrates anti-cancer properties by triggering ferroptosis within malignant cells, and on the other hand, it damages normal cells causing other diseases. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to review the paradoxical regulation of ferroptosis in tumors and other diseases. First, we introduce the development history, concept and mechanism of ferroptosis. The second part focuses on the methods of inducing ferroptosis in tumors. The third section emphasizes the utilization of ferroptosis in different medical conditions and strategies to inhibit ferroptosis. The fourth part elucidates the key contradictions in the control of ferroptosis. Finally, potential research avenues in associated domains are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Chang KH, Chen CM. The Role of NRF2 in Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:649. [PMID: 38929088 PMCID: PMC11200942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders, a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases, are caused by abnormal expansions within specific genes. These expansions trigger a cascade of cellular damage, including protein aggregation and abnormal RNA binding. A key contributor to this damage is oxidative stress, an imbalance of reactive oxygen species that harms cellular components. This review explores the interplay between oxidative stress and the NRF2 pathway in these disorders. NRF2 acts as the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, orchestrating the expression of enzymes that combat oxidative stress. Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders often exhibit impaired NRF2 signaling, resulting in inadequate responses to excessive ROS production. NRF2 activation has been shown to upregulate antioxidative gene expression, effectively alleviating oxidative stress damage. NRF2 activators, such as omaveloxolone, vatiquinone, curcumin, sulforaphane, dimethyl fumarate, and resveratrol, demonstrate neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress in experimental cell and animal models of these diseases. However, translating these findings into successful clinical applications requires further research. In this article, we review the literature supporting the role of NRF2 in the pathogenesis of these diseases and the potential therapeutics of NRF2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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11
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Flores Jiménez NG, Zamorano MM, Reséndiz-González G, Mercado-Márquez C, Morales-Álvarez JF, Cuéllar-Ordaz JA, de-la-Cruz Cruz HA, Adams-Vázquez O, López-Arellano ME, Díaz-Torres R, Noguera PR, Higuera-Piedrahita RI. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and anatomopathological changes in Wistar rats treated with 3'-demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin and norisoguaiacin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11568. [PMID: 38773157 PMCID: PMC11109246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Artemisia cina (Ac) is a plant with anthelmintic compounds such as 3'-demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin (D) and norisoguaiacin (N). Three major objectives were proposed: (1) To evaluate biochemical parameters in blood (2) to determine the tissue oxidative stress by biomarkers as TBARS and glutathione peroxidase activity, and (3) to evaluate anatomopathological changes in organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, and lung after oral administration of n-hexane extract of Ac and D and N. D and N were administrated following the OECD guides for acute oral toxicity evaluation (Guide 420). Fifty Wistar rats were distributed into ten groups as follows: Group 1 (G1): 4 mg/Kg; G2: 40 mg/Kg; G3: 240 mg/Kg; G4: 1600 mg/Kg of n-hexane extract of Ac. G5: 2 mg/Kg; G6: 20 mg/Kg; G7: 120 mg/Kg; G8: 800 mg/Kg of D and N, G9: water and G10: polyvinylpyrrolidone at 2000 mg/Kg. At 14 days, the rats were euthanized, and the blood, liver, brain, kidney, and lung were taken for biochemical analysis, anatomopathological changes, and TBARS and GSH evaluation. Glucose, cholesterol, and phosphorus were altered. Histopathological analysis showed multifocal neuronal degeneration in the brain (G2). The kidney and lungs had changes in G7. The GSH and TBARS increased in G6 and G7. The TBARS activity was higher in G1 and G2. In conclusion, extract and D and N of Ac did not have damage at therapeutic doses. D, N, and n-hexane extract of A. cina do not cause histopathological damage at pharmaceutical doses. Still, the brain, kidney, and liver are related to biochemical parameters at higher doses. However, compounds are proposed as antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Guadalupe Flores Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Palo Alto, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Martha Manzano Zamorano
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Reséndiz-González
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Crisóforo Mercado-Márquez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Morales-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Palo Alto, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Olivia Adams-Vázquez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ramírez Noguera
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Estado de México, Mexico
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12
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Bogoje Raspopović A, Balta V, Vodopić M, Drobac M, Boroš A, Đikić D, Demarin V. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240952. [PMID: 38623459 PMCID: PMC11017180 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress markers have a distinct role in the process of demyelination in multiple sclerosis. This study investigated the potential correlation of markers of oxidative stress (glutathione [GSH], catalase) with the number of demyelinating lesions and the degree of disability, cognitive deficit, and depression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Sixty subjects meeting the criteria for RRMS (19 men and 41 women), and 66 healthy controls (24 men, 42 women) were included. In this study, GSH significantly negatively correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment. This is the first study of subjects with RRMS that performed the mentioned research of serum GSH levels on the degree of cognitive damage examined by the Montreal Scale of Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. The development of cognitive changes, verified by the MoCA test, was statistically significantly influenced by the positive number of magnetic resonance lesions, degree of depression, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), age, and GSH values. Based on these results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to monitor cognitive status early in RRMS patients, especially in those with a larger number of demyelinating lesions and a higher EDSS level and in older subjects. Also, the serum level of GSH is a potential biomarker of disease progression, which could be used more widely in RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Bogoje Raspopović
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biology Division, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Balta
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biology Division, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maro Vodopić
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Marina Drobac
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Almoš Boroš
- Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biology Division, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vida Demarin
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Wang L, Fang X, Ling B, Wang F, Xia Y, Zhang W, Zhong T, Wang X. Research progress on ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1359453. [PMID: 38515787 PMCID: PMC10955106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1359453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of individuals are impacted by neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a great deal of energy and financial resources have been invested in disease-related research, breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches remain elusive. The breakdown of cells usually happens together with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism that triggers neuronal loss is unknown. Lipid peroxidation, which is iron-dependent, causes a specific type of cell death called ferroptosis, and there is evidence its involvement in the pathogenic cascade of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific mechanisms are still not well known. The present article highlights the basic processes that underlie ferroptosis and the corresponding signaling networks. Furthermore, it provides an overview and discussion of current research on the role of ferroptosis across a variety of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiansong Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Baodian Ling
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangsheng Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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14
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Sun X, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Su J, Liu W, Lv J, Yang F, Shu W. Advances in fluorescent probe development for bioimaging of potential Parkinson's biomarkers. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116195. [PMID: 38330868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The clinical symptoms of PD are usually related to motor symptoms, including postural instability, rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremors. At present, the pathology of PD is not yet clear. Therefore, revealing the underlying pathological mechanism of PD is of great significance. A variety of bioactive molecules are produced during the onset of Parkinson's, and these bioactive molecules may be a key factor in the development of Parkinson's. The emerging fluorescence imaging technology has good sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio, making it possible to deeply understand the pathogenesis of PD through these bioactive molecules. Currently, fluorescent probes targeting PD biomarkers are widely developed and applied. This article categorizes and summarizes fluorescent probes based on different PD biomarkers, systematically introduces their applications in the pathological process of PD, and finally briefly elaborates on the challenges and prospects of these probes. We hope that this review will provide in-depth reference insights for designing fluorescent probes, and contribute to study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Jiali Su
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Wenqu Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Lv
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China.
| | - Fengtang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China.
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, PR China.
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15
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Dar NJ, John U, Bano N, Khan S, Bhat SA. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration: the Underlying Role of Master Regulator Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1507-1526. [PMID: 37725216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxytosis/ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death triggered by lethal accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOHs) in membranes. Failure of the intricate PLOOH repair system is a principle cause of ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is distinctly vital for converting PLOOHs in membranes to non-toxic alcohols. As such, GPX4 is known as the master regulator of oxytosis/ferroptosis. Ferroptosis has been implicated in a number of disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), etc.), ischemia/reperfusion injury, and kidney degeneration. Reduced function of GPX4 is frequently observed in degenerative disorders. In this study, we examine how diminished GPX4 function may be a critical event in triggering oxytosis/ferroptosis to perpetuate or initiate the neurodegenerative diseases and assess the possible therapeutic importance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. These discoveries are important for advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases because oxytosis/ferroptosis may provide a new target to slow the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nargis Bano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Sameera Khan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India.
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Suárez J, de Ceglia M, Rodríguez-Pozo M, Vargas A, Santos I, Melgar-Locatelli S, Castro-Zavala A, Castilla-Ortega E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J, Rivera P. Inhibition of Adult Neurogenesis in Male Mice after Repeated Exposure to Paracetamol Overdose. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1964. [PMID: 38396643 PMCID: PMC10888347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol, or acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is commonly used worldwide, implicated in numerous intoxications due to overdose, and causes serious liver damage. APAP can cross the blood-brain barrier and affects brain function in numerous ways, including pain signals, temperature regulation, neuroimmune response, and emotional behavior; however, its effect on adult neurogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. We analyze, in a mouse model of hepatotoxicity, the effect of APAP overdose (750 mg/kg/day) for 3 and 4 consecutive days and after the cessation of APAP administration for 6 and 15 days on cell proliferation and survival in two relevant neurogenic zones: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and the hypothalamus. The involvement of liver damage (plasma transaminases), neuronal activity (c-Fos), and astroglia (glial fibrillar acidic protein, GFAP) were also evaluated. Our results indicated that repeated APAP overdoses are associated with the inhibition of adult neurogenesis in the context of elevated liver transaminase levels, neuronal hyperactivity, and astrogliosis. These effects were partially reversed after the cessation of APAP administration for 6 and 15 days. In conclusion, these results suggest that APAP overdose impairs adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, a fact that may contribute to the effects of APAP on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Suárez
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.); (M.R.-P.); (I.S.)
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pozo
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.); (M.R.-P.); (I.S.)
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Ignacio Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.S.); (M.R.-P.); (I.S.)
| | - Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
- Unidad Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto IBMA-Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (A.V.); (S.M.-L.); (A.C.-Z.); (E.C.-O.); (F.R.d.F.)
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17
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Fu Q, Yang X, Wang M, Zhu K, Wang Y, Song J. Activatable Probes for Ratiometric Imaging of Endogenous Biomarkers In Vivo. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3916-3968. [PMID: 38258800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic variations in the concentration and abnormal distribution of endogenous biomarkers are strongly associated with multiple physiological and pathological states. Therefore, it is crucial to design imaging systems capable of real-time detection of dynamic changes in biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Recently, ratiometric imaging has emerged as a widely used technique for sensing and imaging of biomarkers due to its advantage of circumventing the limitations inherent to conventional intensity-dependent signal readout methods while also providing built-in self-calibration for signal correction. Here, the recent progress of ratiometric probes and their applications in sensing and imaging of biomarkers are outlined. Ratiometric probes are classified according to their imaging mechanisms, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging, ratiometric optical imaging including photoluminescence imaging and self-luminescence imaging, ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-modal ratiometric imaging are discussed. The applications of ratiometric probes in the sensing and imaging of biomarkers such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), gas molecules, enzymes, metal ions, and hypoxia are discussed in detail. Additionally, this Review presents an overview of challenges faced in this field along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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18
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Wang Y, Li H, He Q, Zou R, Cai J, Zhang L. Ferroptosis: underlying mechanisms and involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis 2024; 29:3-21. [PMID: 37848673 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a mode of cell death that was recently identified in 2012, is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and distinct from other mechanisms of cell death such as autophagy and apoptosis. Ferroptosis has the unique features of disruptions in iron equilibrium, iron-induced lipid peroxidation, and the accumulation of glutamate-induced cellular toxicity. The regulation of ferroptosis mainly involves the iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolic pathways, which are controlled by system Xc-, voltage-dependent anion channels, p53 and other pathways. Neurodegenerative diseases involve gradual neuronal loss predominantly within the central nervous system and are categorized into both sporadic and rare hereditary disorders. These diseases result in the progressive decline of specific neuron populations and their interconnections. Recent investigations have revealed a strong correlation between the manifestation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and ferroptosis. The pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, whether by induction or inhibition, exhibits promising prospects for therapeutic interventions for these diseases. This review aims to examine the literature on ferroptosis and its implications in various neurodegenerative diseases. We hope to offer novel insights into the potential therapies targeting ferroptosis in central nervous system neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are still limitations of this review. First, despite our efforts to maintain objectivity during our analysis, this review does not cover all the studies on ferroptosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Second, cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is not solely caused by ferroptosis. Future research should focus on the interplay of different cell death mechanisms to better elucidate the specific disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - HongJing Li
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - QianXiong He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rong Zou
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - JinRui Cai
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
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19
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Stevens D, Kramer AT, Coogan MA, Sayes CM. Developmental effects of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos after exposure to glyphosate and lead mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115886. [PMID: 38211515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Natural aquatic environments have a heterogeneous composition; therefore, simultaneous exposure to multiple contaminants is relevant and more realistic when assessing exposure and toxicity. This study examines the combinatorial effects of two compounds found ubiquitously in drinking water across the United States: glyphosate and lead acetate. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were used as a model for investigating developmental delays following controlled exposures. Six different environmentally relevant exposure concentrations of glyphosate, ranging from 0.001 to 10 ppm, and lead acetate, ranging from 0.5 to 4 ppm, were applied first as single exposures and then as co-exposures. The sublethal endpoints of hatching and coagulation were quantified to determine potencies. Results indicate that higher concentrations of the individual chemicals correlate with later hatching with correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.40 for glyphosate and lead acetate respectively, while the co-exposure at lower concentrations induced earlier hatching with a correlation coefficient 0.74. In addition, increased levels of coagulation and glutathione reductase activity were observed following co-exposure, as compared to the individual exposures, suggesting potential toxicological interactions. These results support the need for further work assessing the combined potencies of aquatic contaminants rather than individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinny Stevens
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alec T Kramer
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Melinda A Coogan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Koçak A, Koldemir Gündüz M, Kaymak G, Aydın E. Effects of upadacitinib and PD29 on oxidative damage and inflammation in bleomycin-induced scleroderma model kidney tissues. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2024; 37:72-79. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1381649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Scleroderma (SSc) is a rare autoimmune tissue disease. There is currently no effective treatment for SSc. The aim of this
study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of upadacitinib and PD29 on total oxidant status (TOS), total
antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) peroxidase levels, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and
interleukin-13 ( IL-13) in kidney tissues of an experimental SSc model.
Materials and Methods: The experimental design was established with five groups of eight mice: Control, bleomycin (BLM) (5 μg/kg),
BLM + upadacitinib (3mg/kg), BLM + PD29 (5 mg/kg) and BLM + PD29 + upadacitinib group. BLM was administered subcutaneously
once a day for 21 days. PD29 was administered subcutaneously and upadacitinib (gavage) were injected for 21 days. Renal tissues were
collected at the end of the experiment. Renal TOS, TAS, MDA, CAT, GSH levels, and IL-6 and IL-13 gene expressions were evaluated.
Results: Upadacitinib and PD29 affected oxidant status and TOS. MDA levels decreased, and GSH, CAT, and TAS levels increased.
Also, upadacitinib and PD29 decreased inflammation via IL-6 and IL-13 cytokines.
Conclusion: Upadacitinib and PD29 may have therapeutic roles for SSc renal crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Koçak
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (MEDICINE) (DR)
| | - Meliha Koldemir Gündüz
- KUTAHYA HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND NATURAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF BASIC SCIENCES OF ENGINEERING
| | - Güllü Kaymak
- KUTAHYA HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES, MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES PR
| | - Elif Aydın
- KUTAHYA HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES, MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES PR
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Chauhan P, Pandey P, Khan F, Maqsood R. Insights on the Correlation between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1007-1014. [PMID: 37867265 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303249690231006114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of a progressive neuronal Parkinson's disease has been discussed in several studies. However, due to the multiple risk factors involved in its development, such as environmental toxicity, parental inheritance, misfolding of protein, ageing, generation of reactive oxygen species, degradation of dopaminergic neurons, formation of neurotoxins, mitochondria dysfunction, and genetic mutations, its mechanism of involvement is still discernible. Therefore, this study aimed to review the processes or systems that are crucially implicated in the conversion of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) into its lethal form, which directly blockades the performance of mitochondria, leading to the formation of oxidative stress in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and resulting in the progression of an incurable Parkinson's disease. This review also comprises an overview of the mutated genes that are frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of Parkinson's disease. Altogether, this review would help future researchers to develop an efficient therapeutic approach for the management of Parkinson's disease via identifying potent prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ramish Maqsood
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
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22
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Patil RS, Tupe RS. Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:365-405. [PMID: 37589449 DOI: 10.1002/med.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis-à-vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half-life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long-lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivaji Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Diachenko AI, Rodin IA, Krasnova TN, Klychnikov OI, Nefedova LN. The Role of Vitamin K in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S57-S70. [PMID: 38621744 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing global health problem with enormous consequences for individuals and society. The most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, can be caused by both genetic factors (mutations) and epigenetic changes caused by the environment, in particular, oxidative stress. One of the factors contributing to the development of oxidative stress that has an important effect on the nervous system is vitamin K, which is involved in redox processes. However, its role in cells is ambiguous: accumulation of high concentrations of vitamin K increases the content of reactive oxygen species increases, while small amounts of vitamin K have a protective effect and activate the antioxidant defense systems. The main function of vitamin K is its involvement in the gamma carboxylation of the so-called Gla proteins. Some Gla proteins are expressed in the nervous system and participate in its development. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to a decrease or loss of function of Gla proteins in the nervous system. It is assumed that the level of vitamin K in the body is associated with specific changes involved in the development of dementia and cognitive abilities. Vitamin K also influences the sphingolipid profile in the brain, which also affects cognitive function. The role of vitamin K in the regulation of biochemical processes at the cellular and whole-organism levels has been studied insufficiently. Further research can lead to the discovery of new targets for vitamin K and development of personalized diets and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Diachenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Igor A Rodin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Krasnova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg I Klychnikov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Lidia N Nefedova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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24
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Patanè GT, Putaggio S, Tellone E, Barreca D, Ficarra S, Maffei C, Calderaro A, Laganà G. Ferroptosis: Emerging Role in Diseases and Potential Implication of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17279. [PMID: 38139106 PMCID: PMC10744228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is distinguished from other types of death for its peculiar characteristics of death regulated by iron accumulation, increase in ROS, and lipid peroxidation. In the past few years, experimental evidence has correlated ferroptosis with various pathological processes including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Ferroptosis also is involved in several types of cancer because it has been shown to induce tumor cell death. In particular, the pharmacological induction of ferroptosis, contributing to the inhibition of the proliferative process, provides new ideas for the pharmacological treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that certain mechanisms including the Xc- system, GPx4, and iron chelators play a key role in the regulation of ferroptosis and can be used to block the progression of many diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of ferroptosis and the latest advances in its multiple regulatory pathways, underlining ferroptosis' involvement in the diseases. Finally, we focused on several types of ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors, evaluating their impact on the cell death principal targets to provide new perspectives in the treatment of the diseases and a potential pharmacological development of new clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Putaggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (D.B.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.T.P.); (D.B.); (S.F.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.L.)
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25
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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26
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Kamrani-Sharif R, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Allahverdikhani M, Motaghinejad M, Emanuele E. Oxytocin as neuro-hormone and neuro-regulator exert neuroprotective properties: A mechanistic graphical review. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102352. [PMID: 37354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is progressive cell loss in specific neuronal populations, often resulting in clinical consequences with significant medical, societal, and economic implications. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, oxytocin has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral therapeutic agent, including modulating mood disturbances and cognitive enchantment. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using the following databases Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, and Cochrane from January 2000 to February 2023 for articles dealing with oxytocin neuroprotective properties in preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and diseases with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/cell death. RESULTS The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin appears to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of neuro inflammation, activation of several antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical formation, activation of free radical scavengers, prevent of mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing neuro-apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress, and by restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamrani-Sharif
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahverdikhani
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li L, Guo L, Gao R, Yao M, Qu X, Sun G, Fu Q, Hu C, Han G. Ferroptosis: a new regulatory mechanism in neuropathic pain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1206851. [PMID: 37810619 PMCID: PMC10556472 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1206851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is pain caused by damage to the somatosensory system. It is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease that usually presents with clinical features such as spontaneous pain, touch-evoked pain, nociceptive hyperalgesia, and sensory abnormalities. Due to the complexity of the mechanism, NP often persists. In addition to the traditionally recognized mechanisms of peripheral nerve damage and central sensitization, excessive iron accumulation, oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and lipid peroxidation damage are distinctive features of NP in pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms linking these pathological features to NP are not fully understood. The complexity of the pathogenesis of NP greatly limits the development of therapeutic approaches for NP. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death discovered in recent years, in which cell death is usually accompanied by massive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can affect glutathione peroxidase directly or indirectly through different pathways, leading to decreased antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. It has been shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological process of many neurological disorders such as NP. Possible mechanisms involved are changes in intracellular iron ion levels, alteration of glutamate excitability, and the onset of oxidative stress. However, the functional changes and specific molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis during this process still need to be further explored. How to intervene in the development of NP by regulating cellular ferroptosis has become a hot issue in etiological research and treatment. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent progress of ferroptosis research in NP, to provide a reference for further understanding of its pathogenesis and propose new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengwen Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangwei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuntao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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28
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Ofori K, Ghosh A, Verma DK, Wheeler D, Cabrera G, Seo JB, Kim YH. A Novel NOX Inhibitor Alleviates Parkinson's Disease Pathology in PFF-Injected Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14278. [PMID: 37762579 PMCID: PMC10531511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated damage is often a downstream result of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is marked by sharp decline in dopaminergic neurons within the nigrostriatal regions of the brain, accounting for the symptomatic motor deficits in patients. Regulating the level of oxidative stress may present a beneficial approach in preventing PD pathology. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a nicotinamide adenine phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, an exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulator synthesized by Aptabio therapeutics with the specificity to NOX-1, 2 and 4. Utilizing N27 rat dopaminergic cells and C57Bl/6 mice, we confirmed that the exposures of alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF) induced protein aggregation, a hallmark in PD pathology. In vitro assessment of the novel compound revealed an increase in cell viability and decreases in cytotoxicity, ROS, and protein aggregation (Thioflavin-T stain) against PFF exposure at the optimal concentration of 10 nM. Concomitantly, the oral treatment alleviated motor-deficits in behavioral tests, such as hindlimb clasping, rotarod, pole, nesting and grooming test, via reducing protein aggregation, based on rescued dopaminergic neuronal loss. The suppression of NOX-1, 2 and 4 within the striatum and ventral midbrain regions including Substantia Nigra compacta (SNc) contributed to neuroprotective/recovery effects, making it a potential therapeutic option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Ofori
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Anurupa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Darice Wheeler
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriela Cabrera
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Jong-Bok Seo
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
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29
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Li Q, Qi S, Liang J, Tian Y, He S, Liao Q, Xing S, Han L, Chen X. Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110623. [PMID: 37451665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole scaffolds, a series of 5-membered heterocycles, are well known for their high efficacy, low toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms. Triazole, as an aromatic group with three nitrogen atoms, forms polar and non-polar interactions with diverse key residues in the receptor-ligand binding procedure, and has been widely used in the molecular design in the development of anti-AD agents. Moreover, considering the simple synthesis approaches, triazole scaffolds are commonly used to link two pharmacodynamic groups in one chemical molecule, forming multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Furthermore, the click reaction between azide- and cyano-modified enzyme and ligand provides feasibility for the new modulator discovery, compound tissue distribution evaluation, enzyme localization, and pharmacological mechanism study, promoting the diagnosis of AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Junrong Technology Transfer Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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30
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Khalatbari Mohseni G, Hosseini SA, Majdinasab N, Cheraghian B. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:382-390. [PMID: 37386885 PMCID: PMC10496087 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing antioxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor, attenuates oxidative stress, and possibly improves psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral NAC on oxidative stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This clinical trial was conducted on 42 MS patients randomly assigned to intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 21) groups. The intervention group received 600 mg of NAC twice daily for 8 weeks, and the control group received a placebo with the same prescription form. An analysis of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), and erythrocyte GSH was carried out on both groups, along with a complete blood count. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess symptoms of depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A). RESULTS Compared to the control group, NAC consumption significantly decreased serum MDA concentrations (-0.33 [-5.85-2.50] vs. 2.75 [-0.25-5.22] μmol/L; p = 0.03) and HADS-A scores (-1.6 ± 2.67 vs. 0.33 ± 2.83; p = 0.02). No significant changes were observed in serum NO concentrations, erythrocyte GSH levels, and HADS-D scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of the present study, NAC supplementation for 8 weeks decreased lipid peroxidation and improved anxiety symptoms in MS patients. The aforementioned results suggest that adjunctive therapy with NAC can be considered an effective strategy for MS management. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Nastaran Majdinasab
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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31
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Caridade-Silva R, Araújo B, Martins-Macedo J, Teixeira FG. N-Acetylcysteine Treatment May Compensate Motor Impairments through Dopaminergic Transmission Modulation in a Striatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 37371987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing degeneration and the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DAn) in the brain while mitigating motor symptoms remains a challenge in Parkinson's Disease (PD) treatment development. In light of this, developing or repositioning potential disease-modifying approaches is imperative to achieve meaningful translational gains in PD research. Under this concept, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has revealed promising perspectives in preserving the dopaminergic system capability and modulating PD mechanisms. Although NAC has been shown to act as an antioxidant and (neuro)protector of the brain, it has yet to be acknowledged how this repurposed drug can improve motor symptomatology and provide disease-modifying properties in PD. Therefore, in the present work, we assessed the impact of NAC on motor and histological deficits in a striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. The results revealed that NAC enhanced DAn viability, as we found that it could restore dopamine transporter (DAT) levels compared to the untreated 6-OHDA group. Such findings were positively correlated with a significant amelioration in the motor outcomes of the 6-OHDA-treated animals, demonstrating that NAC may, somehow, be a modulator of PD degenerative mechanisms. Overall, we postulated a proof-of-concept milestone concerning the therapeutic application of NAC. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to understand the complexity of this drug and how its therapeutical properties interact with the cellular and molecular PD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Caridade-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Wunsch FT, Metzler-Nolte N, Theiss C, Matschke V. Defects in Glutathione System in an Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051014. [PMID: 37237880 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progredient neurodegenerative disease characterized by a degeneration of the first and second motor neurons. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased levels of glutathione, which are important defense mechanisms against ROS, have been reported in the central nervous system (CNS) of ALS patients and animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of decreased glutathione levels in the CNS of the ALS model wobbler mouse. We analyzed changes in glutathione metabolism in the spinal cord, hippocampus, cerebellum, liver, and blood samples of the ALS model, wobbler mouse, using qPCR, Western Blot, HPLC, and fluorometric assays. Here, we show for the first time a decreased expression of enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis in the cervical spinal cord of wobbler mice. We provide evidence for a deficient glutathione metabolism, which is not restricted to the nervous system, but can be seen in various tissues of the wobbler mouse. This deficient system is most likely the reason for an inefficient antioxidative system and, thus, for elevated ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska T Wunsch
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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Otani N, Ouchi M, Mizuta E, Morita A, Fujita T, Anzai N, Hisatome I. Dysuricemia-A New Concept Encompassing Hyperuricemia and Hypouricemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051255. [PMID: 37238926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of uric acid, the final metabolite of purines excreted by the kidneys and intestines, was not previously recognized, except for its role in forming crystals in the joints and causing gout. However, recent evidence implies that uric acid is not a biologically inactive substance and may exert a wide range of effects, including antioxidant, neurostimulatory, proinflammatory, and innate immune activities. Notably, uric acid has two contradictory properties: antioxidant and oxidative ones. In this review, we present the concept of "dysuricemia", a condition in which deviation from the appropriate range of uric acid in the living body results in disease. This concept encompasses both hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. This review draws comparisons between the biologically biphasic positive and negative effects of uric acid and discusses the impact of such effects on various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Nikkyo Medical Center, Nikko 321-1298, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Einosuke Mizuta
- Department of Cardiology, Sanin Rosai Hospital, Yonago 683-8605, Tottori, Japan
| | - Asuka Morita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoe Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Yonago Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Yonago 683-0006, Tottori, Japan
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El Hajj S, Canabady-Rochelle L, Gaucher C. Nature-Inspired Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Approach for Ferroptosis-Linked Human Diseases? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062636. [PMID: 36985608 PMCID: PMC10059971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death driven by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It is considered a key mechanism in the development of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer, diabetes, cancer, and renal failure. The redox status of cells, such as the balance between intracellular oxidants (lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen species, free iron ions) and antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione Peroxidase 4), plays a major role in ferroptosis regulation and constitutes its principal biomarkers. Therefore, the induction and inhibition of ferroptosis are promising strategies for disease treatments such as cancer or neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Many drugs have been developed to exert ferroptosis-inducing and/or inhibiting reactions, such as erastin and iron-chelating compounds, respectively. In addition, many natural bioactive compounds have significantly contributed to regulating ferroptosis and ferroptosis-induced oxidative stress. Natural bioactive compounds are largely abundant in food and plants and have been for a long time, inspiring the development of various low-toxic therapeutic drugs. Currently, functional bioactive peptides are widely reported for their antioxidant properties and application in human disease treatment. The scientific evidence from biochemical and in vitro tests of these peptides strongly supports the existence of a relationship between their antioxidant properties (such as iron chelation) and ferroptosis regulation. In this review, we answer questions concerning ferroptosis milestones, its importance in physiopathology mechanisms, and its downstream regulatory mechanisms. We also address ferroptosis regulatory natural compounds as well as provide promising thoughts about bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Hajj
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Caroline Gaucher
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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Mei Z, Hong Y, Yang H, Cai S, Hu Y, Chen Q, Yuan Z, Liu X. Ferulic acid alleviates high fat diet-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175642. [PMID: 36871664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has become a major public health problem. Growing evidence suggests that high-fat diet (HFD) can cause cognitive dysfunction and increase the risk of dementia. However, effective treatment for cognitive impairment is not available. Ferulic acid (FA) is a single phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, its role in regulating learning and memory in HFD-fed mice and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the neuroprotective mechanisms of FA in HFD induced cognitive impairment. We found that FA improved the survival rate of HT22 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA), inhibited cell apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress via the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway; Furthermore, FA treatment for 24 weeks improved the learning and memory of HFD-fed mice and decreased hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the expression of Nrf2 and Gpx4 proteins were decreased in HFD-fed mice. After FA treatment, the decline of these proteins was reversed. Our study showed that the neuroprotective effect of FA on cognitive impairment was related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings suggested that FA can be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of HFD-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510440, PR China
| | - Haiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - Shihong Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - Yujun Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qibo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China.
| | - Xixia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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36
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Martinez AM, Kim A, Flores CA, Rahman DF, Yang WS. Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons are susceptible to ferroptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:419-433. [PMID: 36595221 PMCID: PMC9989922 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death driven by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides in cell membranes. Several regulators of ferroptosis have been identified using cancer cell lines. However, the cellular pathways of ferroptosis in neurons remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used a mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neuron model to investigate how motor neurons respond to ferroptosis inducers. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) induced ferroptosis in motor neurons, while system xc - inhibition by erastin had no effect. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression levels of several genes were altered during RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed alterations in several biological pathways during ferroptosis, including synaptogenesis and calcium signaling. Finally, we found that edaravone, an FDA-approved drug for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease, rescued motor neurons from RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Our data highlight the crucial role of GPx4 in ferroptosis regulation and demonstrate that stem cell-derived motor neuron culture is a valuable model to study ferroptosis at the single-cell level in a neuronal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ahryun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Daoud F Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wan Seok Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, New York, USA
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He H, Yin J, Li M, Teng X, Zhang M, Li Y, Du Z, Xu B, Cheng JX. Mapping Enzyme Activity in Living Systems by Real-Time Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging of Nitrile Chameleons. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2592139. [PMID: 36909612 PMCID: PMC10002843 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592139/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are vital components in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. Participation of various enzyme species are required for many biological events and signaling networks. Thus, spatially mapping the activity of multiple enzymes in a living system is significant for elucidating enzymatic functions in health and connections to diseases. Here, we report the development of nitrile (C≡N)-tagged enzyme activity reporters, named nitrile chameleons for the shifted peak between substrate and product. By real-time mid-infrared photothermal imaging of the enzymatic substrates and products at 300 nm resolution, our approach can map the activity distribution of different enzymes and quantitate the relative catalytic efficiency in living cancer cells, C. elegans, and brain tissues. An important finding is the direct visualization of caspase-phosphatase cooperation during apoptosis. Our method is generally applicable to a broad category of enzymes and will advance the discovery of potential targets for diagnosis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xinyan Teng
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yueming Li
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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38
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Ghanaatfar F, Ghanaatfar A, Isapour P, Farokhi N, Bozorgniahosseini S, Javadi M, Gholami M, Ulloa L, Coleman-Fuller N, Motaghinejad M. Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:4-30. [PMID: 35996185 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti-inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Isapour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Negin Farokhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Javadi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mandal PK, Guha Roy R, Kalyani A. Distribution Pattern of Closed and Extended Forms of Glutathione in the Human Brain: MR Spectroscopic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:270-276. [PMID: 36595311 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a potent antioxidant synthesized de novo in cells and helps to detoxify free radicals in the brain and other organs. In vitro NMR studies from various research groups have reported primarily two sets of chemical shifts (2.80 or 2.96 ppm) of Cys-βCH2 depending on GSH sample preparation in either inert or oxygenated environments. A multi-center in vivo MRS human study has also validated the presence of two types of GSH conformer in the human brain. Our study is aimed at investigating the distribution patterns of the two GSH conformers from five brain regions, namely, ACC (anterior cingulate cortex), PCC (posterior cingulate cortex), LPC (left parietal cortex), LH (left hippocampus), and CER (cerebellum). GSH was measured using a 3T MRI scanner using MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence in healthy young male and female populations (M/F = 5/9; age 32.8 ± 5.27 years). We conclude that the closed GSH conformer (characteristic NMR shift signature: Cys Hα 4.40-Hβ 2.80 ppm) is more abundant than the extended GSH form (characteristic NMR shift signature Cys Hα 4.56-Hβ 2.95 ppm). Closed conformer has a non-uniform distribution (ACC < CER < LH < PCC < LPC) in the healthy brain. On the contrary, the extended form of GSH has a uniform distribution in various anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Avinash Kalyani
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India
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Feng L, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Lei M, Li Z, Fu S. Hair Zinc and Chromium Levels Were Associated with a Reduced Likelihood of Age Related Cognitive Decline in Centenarians and Oldest-Old Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1012-1017. [PMID: 37997723 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function has inevitable decline with advancing age in nature, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is of increasing concern to aging population. Scarce study has involved the associations between hair trace elements and ARCD in older adults, especially in centenarians and oldest-old adults. This study was to investigate the associations between hair trace elements and ARCD in centenarians and oldest-old adults. METHODS Based on the household registration information of centenarians and oldest-old adults provided by the Civil Affairs Department of Hainan Province, China, the investigators conducted a one-to-one household survey among centenarians (≥100 years old) and oldest-old adults (80-99 years old). All 50 centenarians had a median age of 103 years and females accounted for 68.0%. All 73 oldest-old adults aged 80-99 years had a median age of 90 years and females accounted for 82.2%. Basic information were obtained with questionnaire interview, physical examination, biological test and hair collection by pre-trained local doctors and nurses. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to measure hair trace elements. All data in this study comes from China. Age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, hemoglobin, albumin, fasting blood pressure, zinc, chromium, copper, selenium, iron, manganese, strontium, lead, magnesium, potassium, and barium were simultaneously included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. One adjusted model was done with all hair trace elements together. RESULTS Zinc and chromium levels were significantly lower in participants with ARCD than those without ARCD (P < 0.05 for all). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that zinc [odds ratio (OR): 0.988, 95%confidence interval (95%CI): 0.977-0.999] and chromium (OR: 0.051, 95%CI: 0.004-0.705) were associated with a reduced likelihood of ARCD (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Hair zinc and chromium levels were associated with a reduced likelihood of ARCD in centenarians and oldest-old adults. Further studies are necessary to verify if zinc and chromium supplementation has the potential to improve cognitive function and prevent ARCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Feng
- Shihui Fu, Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. E-mail: ; Zhirui Li, Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. E-mail: ; Mingxing Lei, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; Yali Zhao, Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. E-mail:
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A. HP, Diwakar L, Ravindranath V. Protein Glutathionylation and Glutaredoxin: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122334. [PMID: 36552543 PMCID: PMC9774553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of many neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. One of the major enzyme systems involved in the defense against reactive oxygen species are the tripeptide glutathione and oxidoreductase glutaredoxin. Glutathione and glutaredoxin system are very important in the brain because of the oxidative modification of protein thiols to protein glutathione mixed disulfides with the concomitant formation of oxidized glutathione during oxidative stress. Formation of Pr-SSG acts as a sink in the brain and is reduced back to protein thiols during recovery, thus restoring protein functions. This is unlike in the liver, which has a high turnover of glutathione, and formation of Pr-SSG is very minimal as liver is able to quickly quench the prooxidant species. Given the important role glutathione and glutaredoxin play in the brain, both in normal and pathologic states, it is necessary to study ways to augment the system to help maintain the protein thiol status. This review details the importance of glutathione and glutaredoxin systems in several neurodegenerative disorders and emphasizes the potential augmentation of this system as a target to effectively protect the brain during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseena P. A.
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Latha Diwakar
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-80-22933433; Fax: +91-80-23603323
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Sobhani S, Tehrani AA, Sobhani G, Fatima S, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M, Atif A. Melatonin Protects Against Titanium Oxide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Neurochemical, Neurobehavioral, and Histopathological Evidences. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4. [PMID: 36378265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2) is known to induce neurotoxicity and CNS dysfunctions. Numerous studies have explored the neuroprotective effects of melatonin against neurotoxicity. This study evaluates the potential of melatonin to protect against titania-induced neurotoxicity and the role of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. One group of animals were treated with Titania (0.045 and 0.075 g/rat) alone while the other with added melatonin (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and behavioral alterations were assessed using OFT (open field test). Neurochemical and histopathological changes were also studied in the hippocampus by analyzing kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and antioxidant response element (ARE). It was seen that the animals with added Melatonin had improved behavioral scores in the OFT, like anxiety and motor dysfunction triggered by TiO2. Melatonin also reduced lipid peroxidation, ROS, GSSG, IL1β, TNFα, Bax, and Keap1 levels, but boosted GSH, GPx, GR, SOD,IL10,IL4, Bcl2, Nrf2, and ARE levels and improved quadruple mitochondrial enzyme complex activity in titania-treated animals. Histopathological examination showed melatonin induced cytoprotection against vacuolization and necrosis in granular cells of DG and pyramidal cells of CA1 area of the hippocampus. In our study, pretreatment with melatonin reduced titania-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus through a mechanism potentially mediated by the Keap-1/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Tehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Golnar Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar roundabout, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alina Atif
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Biocompatible pericarpium citri reticulatae polysaccharide templated Pd nanoparticles for effectively colorimetric detection of glutathione. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fan R, Peng X, Xie L, Dong K, Ma D, Xu W, Shi X, Zhang S, Chen J, Yu X, Yang Y. Importance of Bmal1 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and interventions. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13704. [PMID: 36056774 PMCID: PMC9577946 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging world population, the prevalence of aging-related disorders is on the rise. Diseases such as Alzheimer's, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Parkinson's, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoarthritis are age-related, and most of these diseases are comorbidities or risk factors for AD; however, our understandings of molecular events that regulate the occurrence of these diseases are still not fully understood. Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1) is an irreplaceable clock gene that governs multiple important physiological processes. Continuous research of Bmal1 in AD and associated aging-related diseases is ongoing, and this review picks relevant studies on a detailed account of its role and mechanisms in these diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation turned out to be common mechanisms by which Bmal1 deficiency promotes AD and associated aging-related diseases, and other Bmal1-dependent mechanisms remain to be identified. Promising therapeutic strategies involved in the regulation of Bmal1 are provided, including melatonin, natural compounds, metformin, d-Ser2-oxyntomodulin, and other interventions, such as exercise, time-restricted feeding, and adiponectin. The establishment of the signaling pathway network for Bmal1 in aging-related diseases will lead to advances in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, shedding light on novel treatments for aging-related diseases and promoting aging-associated brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Xuemin Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
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Junghans M, John F, Cihankaya H, Schliebs D, Winklhofer KF, Bader V, Matschke J, Theiss C, Matschke V. ROS scavengers decrease γH2ax spots in motor neuronal nuclei of ALS model mice in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:963169. [PMID: 36119129 PMCID: PMC9470831 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.963169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in cerebral cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Numerous studies have demonstrated signs of oxidative stress in postmortem neuronal tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine of ALS patients, without focusing on the specific processes within motor neurons. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relevance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification mechanisms and its consequences on the formation of toxic/lethal DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the ALS model of the Wobbler mouse. Methods: Live cell imaging in dissociated motor neuronal cultures was used to investigate the production of ROS using Dihydroethidium (DHE). The expression levels of ROS detoxifying molecules were investigated by qPCR as well as Western blots. Furthermore, the expression levels of DNA damage response proteins p53bp1 and H2ax were investigated using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. Proof-of-principle experiments using ROS scavengers were performed in vitro to decipher the influence of ROS on the formation of DNA double strand breaks quantifying the γH2ax spots formation. Results: Here, we verified an elevated ROS-level in spinal motor neurons of symptomatic Wobbler mice in vitro. As a result, an increased number of DNA damage response proteins p53bp1 and γH2ax in dissociated motor neurons of the spinal cord of Wobbler mice was observed. Furthermore, we found a significantly altered expression of several antioxidant molecules in the spinal cord of Wobbler mice, suggesting a deficit in ROS detoxification mechanisms. This hypothesis could be verified by using ROS scavenger molecules in vitro to reduce the number of γH2ax foci in dissociated motor neurons and thus counteract the harmful effects of ROS. Conclusion: Our data indicate that maintenance of redox homeostasis may play a key role in the therapy of the neurodegenerative disease ALS. Our results underline a necessity for multimodal treatment approaches to prolong the average lifespan of motor neurons and thus slow down the progression of the disease, since a focused intervention in one pathomechanism seems to be insufficient in ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Junghans
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix John
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hilal Cihankaya
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Schliebs
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Veronika Matschke
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Mandal PK, Roy RG, Samkaria A. Oxidative Stress: Glutathione and Its Potential to Protect Methionine-35 of Aβ Peptide from Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27052-27061. [PMID: 35967059 PMCID: PMC9366984 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with heterogeneous etiology. Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by tau (τ) protein phosphorylation and extracellular senile plaques caused by aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide are characteristic histopathological hallmarks of AD. Oxidative stress (OS) is also suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of AD. The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is able to mitigate OS through the detoxification of free radicals. The clearance of these free radicals is reported to be affected when there is a decline in GSH levels in AD. These radicals further react with the methionine-35 (M-35) residue of Aβ and facilitate its subsequent oligomerization. This review presents a plausible model indicating the role of master antioxidant GSH to protect M35 of Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 from oxidation in pathological conditions as compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K. Mandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122051, India
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122051, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122051, India
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47
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Paldino E, Fusco FR. Emerging Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome/Pyroptosis in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8363. [PMID: 35955494 PMCID: PMC9368941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by several symptoms encompassing movement, cognition, and behavior. The mutation of the IT15 gene encoding for the huntingtin protein is the cause of HD. Mutant huntingtin interacts with and impairs the function of several transcription factors involved in neuronal survival. Although many mechanisms determining neuronal death have been described over the years, the significant role of inflammation has gained momentum in the last decade. Drugs targeting the elements that orchestrate inflammation have been considered powerful tools to treat HD. In this review, we will describe the data supporting inflammasome and NLRP3 as a target of therapeutics to fight HD, deepening the possible mechanisms of action underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Paldino
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, IRRCS Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Fusco
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, IRRCS Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
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Cukier HN, Kim H, Griswold AJ, Codreanu SG, Prince LM, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Dykxhoorn DM, Ess KC, Hedera P, Bowman AB, Neely MD. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiles of hiPSC-derived dopamine neurons from clinically discordant brothers with identical PRKN deletions. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35768426 PMCID: PMC9243035 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on two brothers who carry identical compound heterozygous PRKN mutations yet present with significantly different Parkinson's Disease (PD) clinical phenotypes. Juvenile cases demonstrate that PD is not necessarily an aging-associated disease. Indeed, evidence for a developmental component to PD pathogenesis is accumulating. Thus, we hypothesized that the presence of additional genetic modifiers, including genetic loci relevant to mesencephalic dopamine neuron development, could potentially contribute to the different clinical manifestations of the two brothers. We differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from the two brothers into mesencephalic neural precursor cells and early postmitotic dopaminergic neurons and performed wholeexome sequencing and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. No significant differences in the expression of canonical dopamine neuron differentiation markers were observed. Yet our transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant downregulation of the expression of three neurodevelopmentally relevant cell adhesion molecules, CNTN6, CNTN4 and CHL1, in the cultures of the more severely affected brother. In addition, several HLA genes, known to play a role in neurodevelopment, were differentially regulated. The expression of EN2, a transcription factor crucial for mesencephalic dopamine neuron development, was also differentially regulated. We further identified differences in cellular processes relevant to dopamine metabolism. Lastly, wholeexome sequencing, transcriptomics and metabolomics data all revealed differences in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, the dysregulation of which has been previously associated with PD. In summary, we identified genetic differences which could potentially, at least partially, contribute to the discordant clinical PD presentation of the two brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Prince
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA.
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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49
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Wal P, Dwivedi J, Wal A, Vig H, Singh Y. Detailed insight into the pathophysiology and the behavioral complications associated with the Parkinson's disease and its medications. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as other mostly catecholaminergic neurons, causes many of the motor symptoms that define Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is commonly thought of as a movement disorder, the significant prevalence of psychiatric complications such as cognitive impairment, and psychosis suggests it should be considered a neuropsychiatric illness, and all behavioral complications are linked to growing disability and the medication.
Main body
Apart from the disease-induced abnormalities, there are several other side effects of the disease and also from the medication used to prevent the disease. This article focuses on the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and also the behavioral abnormalities caused by the disease and its medication. The study's data were gathered by searching several review articles and research papers from a variety of sources, including Elsevier, PubMed, Research Gate, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, etc., from the year 1985 to 2021. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a variety of complex processes. It is responsible not just for motor symptoms, but also for a variety of behavioral symptoms that can arise as a result of the disease and/or medication.
Conclusion
Only symptomatic drugs are available; thus, finding treatments that directly address the disease mechanisms causing Parkinson’s disease is essential. To alleviate the disease's burden on patients and their families, better treatments for the neuropsychiatric repercussions of Parkinson's disease are required.
Graphical Abstract
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50
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Zhang Z, Zheng R, Zhu C, Geng H, Xu G. Lipidomics characterization of the lipid metabolism profiles in a cystinuria rat model: Precalculus damage in the kidney of cystinuria. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 162:106651. [PMID: 35680078 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystinuria is a genetic disorder of cystine transport, including defective protein b0,+AT (encoded by SLC7A9), and/or rBAT (encoded by SLC3A1). Patients present hyperexcretion of cystine in the urine, recurrent cystine lithiasis, and progressive decline in kidney function. Moreover, heterodimer transport is defective. To date, little omics data are accessible regarding this metabolic disease caused by membrane proteins. Since membrane function is closely related to changes in the lipidome, we decided to explore the changes in kidney tissue of a self-established cystinuria rat model by performing lipidomic analysis by LC-MS/MS. Our results demonstrated that Slc7a9 deficiency changed the lipid profile of the renal cortex and induced vital modifications in the lipidome, including major alterations in ChE, LPA, and PA. Among those alterations, this lipidomic study highlights the lipid changes that participate in inflammatory responses during cystinuria. As a result, lipid research, perhaps has great potential, for it may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of cystinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Caihua Zhu
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., 201100, China
| | - Hongquan Geng
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.
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