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Bayram SŞ, Kızıltan G. The Role of Omega- 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Narrative Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:527-551. [PMID: 39031306 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic illnesses characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream as a result of abnormalities in the generation or function of insulin. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is an essential component of diabetes management. Dietary fats are essential in both the prevention and progression of chronic diseases. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are recognized for their advantageous impact on health. They assist in controlling blood sugar levels and lipid profile in patients with all types of diabetes. Furthermore, they reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events and death linked to DM. RECENT FINDINGS After evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and antidiabetic mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acid supplements, as well as the results from randomized controlled studies, it is clear that these supplements have positive effects in both preventing and treating diabetes, as well as preventing and treating complications related to diabetes, specifically cardiovascular diseases. However, current evidence does not support the use of omega-3 supplementation in people with diabetes for the purpose of preventing or treating cardiovascular events. People with all types of diabetes are suggested to include fatty fish and foods high in omega-3 fatty acids in their diet twice a week, as is prescribed for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyra Şahin Bayram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Gül Kızıltan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Sheikh E, Liu Q, Burk D, Beavers WN, Fu X, Gartia MR. Mapping lipid species remodeling in high fat diet-fed mice: Unveiling adipose tissue dysfunction with Raman microspectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159557. [PMID: 39128539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity leads to adipose tissue expansion, a major contributor to metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease. Lipid metabolism and fatty acid changes play vital roles in the progression of obesity. In this proof-of-concept study, Raman techniques combined with histochemical imaging methods were utilized to analyze the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on different types of adipose tissue in mice, using a small sample size (n = 3 per group). After six weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, our findings showed hypertrophy, elevated collagen levels, and increased macrophage presence in the adipose tissues of the HFD group compared to the low-fat diet (LFD) group. Statistical analysis of Raman spectra revealed significantly lower unsaturated lipid levels and higher lipid to protein content in different fat pads (brown adipose tissue (BAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT), and visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT)) with HFD. Raman images of adipose tissues were analyzed using Empty modeling and DCLS methods to spatially profile unsaturated and saturated lipid species in the tissues. It revealed elevated levels of ω-3, ω-6, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in BAT adipose tissues of HFD compared to LFD tissues. These findings indicated that while cholesterol, ω-6/ω-3 ratio, and triacylglycerol levels have risen in the SWAT and VWAT adipose tissues of the HFD group, the levels of ω-3 and ω-6 have decreased following the HFD. The study showed that Raman spectroscopy provided invaluable information at the molecular level for investigating lipid species remodeling and spatial mapping of adipose tissues during HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - David Burk
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Mass Spectrometry Resource Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Omachi DO, Aryee ANA, Onuh JO. Functional Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Reduction: A Concise Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2453. [PMID: 39125334 PMCID: PMC11314407 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional lipids are dietary substances that may have an impact on human health by lowering the risk of chronic illnesses and enhancing the quality of life. Numerous functional lipids have been reported to have potential health benefits in the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. However, there is still insufficient and contradictory information in the literature about their effectiveness and associated mechanisms of action. The objective of this review, therefore, is to evaluate available literature regarding these functional lipids and their health benefits. Various studies have been conducted to understand the links between functional lipids and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent studies on phytosterols have reported that CLA, medium-chain triglycerides, and omega-3 and 6 fatty acids have positive effects on human health. Also, eicosanoids, which are the metabolites of these fatty acids, are produced in relation to the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may modulate disease conditions. These functional lipids are available either in dietary or supplement forms and have been proven to be efficient, accessible, and inexpensive to be included in the diet. However, further research is required to properly elucidate the dosages, dietary intake, effectiveness, and their mechanisms of action in addition to the development of valid disease biomarkers and long-term effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah O. Omachi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Rd, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Alberta N. A. Aryee
- Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, 1200 Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - John O. Onuh
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Rd, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
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Vu N, Maile TM, Gollapudi S, Gaun A, Seitzer P, O'Brien JJ, Hackett SR, Zavala-Solorio J, McAllister FE, Kolumam G, Keyser R, Bennett BD. Automated preparation of plasma lipids, metabolites, and proteins for LC/MS-based analysis of a high-fat diet in mice. J Lipid Res 2024:100607. [PMID: 39067520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is one of the most commonly analyzed and easily accessible biological samples. Here, we describe an automated liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) platform that generates accurate, precise, and reproducible samples for metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses from a single aliquot of plasma while minimizing hands-on time and avoiding contamination from plasticware. We applied mass spectrometry to examine the metabolome, lipidome, and proteome of 90 plasma samples to determine the effects of age, time of day, and a high-fat diet in mice. From 25 μL of mouse plasma, we identified 907 lipid species from 16 different lipid classes and subclasses, 233 polar metabolites, and 344 proteins. We found that the high-fat diet induced only mild changes in the polar metabolome, upregulated Apolipoproteins, and induced substantial shifts in the lipidome, including a significant increase in arachidonic acid (AA) and a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content across all lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Vu
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tobias M Maile
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sudha Gollapudi
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aleksandr Gaun
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Phillip Seitzer
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Sean R Hackett
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rob Keyser
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Chen W, Chen M, Huang J, Xie Q, Huang Y, Chen C, Zhu Y. Relationships of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with esophageal diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1408647. [PMID: 39086538 PMCID: PMC11288942 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1408647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been widely studied and used as nutritional supplements because of their anti-inflammatory effects. Previous studies have shown an association between polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs with the development of malignant tumors. However, the relationships of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs with esophageal diseases have not been characterized. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical method for identifying instrumental variables (IVs) from genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, and is associated with little confounding by environmental or other disease-related factors. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from previously published studies on circulating concentrations of omega-3, omega-6, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid (LA), as well as esophageal cancer and other esophageal diseases, which were downloaded from the IEU OpenGwas database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/) and the GWAS Catalog database (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/). The inverse variance-weighted approach was used as the principal analysis, and the MR-Egger and weighted median methods were used alongside. A series of sensitivity analyses were used to ensure the robustness of the causality estimates. Results We found that the circulating omega-3 PUFAs concentration was positively associated with esophageal cancer (p = 8 × 10-4), and circulating DHA concentration (the main component of omega-3 in food), was also positively associated with esophageal cancer (p = 2 × 10-2), but no significant association was found between circulating omega-6 PUFAs and esophageal cancer (p = 0.17), and circulating LA concentration (the main component of omega-6 in food), was also no significant associated with esophageal cancer (p = 0.32). We found no significant relationships of circulating omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs concentration with four other esophageal diseases. Conclusion This study indicates that higher levels of circulating omega-3 PUFAs and DHA concentrations may be a risk factor for the development of esophageal cancer. Conversely, an increased omega-6/omega-3 ratio may serve as a protective factor against esophageal cancer. These findings have significant implications for the clinical application of omega-3 PUFAs and the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Thoracic Surgery, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maohui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Thoracic Surgery, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qichang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Thoracic Surgery, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Thoracic Surgery, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Thoracic Surgery, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Thoracic Surgery, Fuzhou, China
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Guertler A, Neu K, Lill D, Clanner-Engelshofen B, French LE, Reinholz M. Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38982829 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients known for their anti-inflammatory properties, which involve reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. This suggests their potential to alleviate acne severity, especially when deficits are present. AIMS To elevate EPA/DHA levels in acne patients through dietary intervention and supplementation, observing subsequent clinical effects. METHODS Over 16 weeks, 60 patients without prescription medication (n = 23 acne comedonica [AC], n = 37 acne papulopustulosa [AP]) adhered to a Mediterranean diet, incorporating oral algae-derived ω-3 FA supplementation (600 mg DHA/300 mg EPA week 1-8, 800 mg DHA/400 mg EPA week 8-16). At four visits (V1-V4), blood EPA/DHA levels were tracked using the HS-omega 3 index® (EPA/DHA (%) of total identified fatty acids in erythrocytes; target 8%-11%, deficit <8%, severe deficit <4%), alongside clinical assessments and standardized questionnaires. RESULTS At baseline, 98.3% of patients had an EPA/DHA deficit, with the mean HS-omega 3 index® rising from 4.9% at V1 to 8.3% at V4 (p < 0.001). AC showed significantly higher indices than AP at V4 (p = 0.035). Objective improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were observed (p < 0.001). While self-reported appearance worsened in four patients, overall quality of life improved (p < 0.001), particularly in AP. Dietary triggers were more clearly defined than beneficial foods. Intake of cow's milk and dairy products reduced (p < 0.001). Compliance was good; no adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Many acne patients have a ω-3 FA deficit. The HS-omega 3 index® can be increased by a Mediterranean diet and oral supplementation with algae-derived ω-3 FA. Acne severity improved significantly in patients with target ω-3 FA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guertler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Neu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lill
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Assaf S, Park J, Chowdhry N, Ganapuram M, Mattathil S, Alakeel R, Kelly OJ. Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2024; 14:379. [PMID: 39057702 PMCID: PMC11279030 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the millennia, patterns of food consumption have changed; however, foods were always whole foods. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been a very recent development and have become the primary food source for many people. The purpose of this review is to propose the hypothesis that, forsaking the evolutionary dietary environment, and its complex milieu of compounds resulting in an extensive metabolome, contributes to chronic disease in modern humans. This evolutionary metabolome may have contributed to the success of early hominins. This hypothesis is based on the following assumptions: (1) whole foods promote health, (2) essential nutrients cannot explain all the benefits of whole foods, (3) UPFs are much lower in phytonutrients and other compounds compared to whole foods, and (4) evolutionary diets contributed to a more diverse metabolome. Evidence will be presented to support this hypothesis. Nutrition is a matter of systems biology, and investigating the evolutionary metabolome, as compared to the metabolome of modern humans, will help elucidate the hidden connections between diet and health. The effect of the diet on the metabolome may also help shape future dietary guidelines, and help define healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Owen J. Kelly
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (S.A.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (R.A.)
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Ahmed EM, Attia AI, Ibrahem ZA, Alshehry G, Algarni EH, Aldekhail NM, Abd El-Hack ME. The impacts of dietary inclusion of soybean oil and linseed oil on growth performance, carcass yield, and health status of growing Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103746. [PMID: 38678974 PMCID: PMC11067337 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, are essential for enhancing the performance and health of poultry. Avian species lack desaturase enzymes for endogenous synthesis of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. This work aimed to determine the impacts of including soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO) in quail diets on growth, lipid profile, hepatic and renal functions, immunity, and antioxidant status. A total of 350 Japanese quail chicks (1-wk-old) were randomly arranged into 7 dietary treatment groups. Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental basal diets were formed based on the nutritional requirements of growing Japanese quail. Group 1, the control, received a basal with no oils, while groups 2 to 7 received a basal diet containing either 1% SO, 1.5% SO, 2% SO, 1% LO, 1.5% LO, or 2% LO, respectively. Quail groups that consumed diets containing LO at all levels showed significantly greater live body weight (LBW) at 5th wk of age than other experimental groups. The dietary incorporation of 1.5 or 2% SO or LO at all levels yielded significant improvements in body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) through 3 to 5 and 1 to 5 wk of age. Different dietary oil sources and levels have no significant impacts on feed intake (FI) and carcass yield parameters. Lipid profile parameters were improved by adding SO and LO in quail diets, with LO having a higher effect than SO. The hepatic and renal functionality were improved by adding SO and LO in quail diets. The lowest uric acid (UA) bloodstream concentrations were recorded in the quail group fed a diet with 2% LO. Values of Gamma globulins (G-GLO) and immunoglobulins (G, M, and A) were increased by adding SO or LO to quail diets. Blood levels of MDA and TAC were improved significantly by including LO in quail diets. The activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was significantly increased by adding SO or LO to quail diets. Generally, adding SO or LO to growing quail diets up to 2% could yield favorable effects on growth performance, blood lipids, hepatic and renal functions, immunity, and antioxidant status; however, LO seems to have better effects than SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ahmed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Adel I Attia
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Zenat A Ibrahem
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman H Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Aldekhail
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Ikiz ED, Hascup ER, Bae C, Hascup KN. Microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channel as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1423410. [PMID: 38957539 PMCID: PMC11217546 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1423410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that control brain development, maintain neural environments, respond to injuries, and regulate neuroinflammation. Despite their significant impact on various physiological and pathological processes across mammalian biology, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of how microglia perceive and transmit mechanical signals in both normal and diseased states. Recent studies have revealed that microglia possess the ability to detect changes in the mechanical properties of their environment, such as alterations in stiffness or pressure. These changes may occur during development, aging, or in pathological conditions such as trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The structure, function, and modulation of Piezo1 will be discussed, as well as its role in facilitating microglial clearance of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins implicated in the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol D. Ikiz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Integrated Sciences, Sustainability, and Public Health, College of Health, Science, and Technology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Chilman Bae
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
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Marchlewicz M, Polakowska Z, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Stachowska E, Jakubiak N, Kiedrowicz M, Rak-Załuska A, Duchnik M, Wajs-Syrenicz A, Duchnik E. Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes in Patients with Psoriasis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1799. [PMID: 38931154 PMCID: PMC11206573 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic systemic disease with a multifaceted pathomechanism and immunological basis, with the presence of inflammatory skin lesions and joint ailments. Diseases accompanying psoriasis include metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. It has been suggested that inflammation is involved in the development of each of these conditions. The main objective of this study was to analyse the fatty acid profile, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the erythrocyte membranes of patients suffering from psoriasis. A total of 58 adult patients of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, suffering from psoriasis, were qualified for this study. The patients had undergone an interview and physical examination, during which the severity of psoriasis was assessed. All patients had their weight and height measured to assess their body mass index (BMI). After 3 months of treatment, biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total cholesterol) and inflammatory markers (CRP) in the blood were assessed. In addition, the isolation of fatty acids (PUFAs, SFAs, MUFAs) from erythrocyte membranes and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of their profile using a gas chromatograph were carried out. In patients with severe psoriasis requiring systemic treatment, an altered profile of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes was found, including a significantly lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), which have an anti-inflammatory effect; a significantly higher concentration of saturated fatty acids; and a decreased concentration of oleic acid (omega-9), compared to the results obtained in patients with less severe psoriasis receiving topical treatment. In patients with psoriasis and BMI ≥ 25, significantly higher concentrations of AST and ALT in the blood and significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid in erythrocyte membranes were found. Elevated concentrations of saturated (R = 0.31) and monounsaturated fatty acids (R = 0.29) may correlate with a greater severity of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Marchlewicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zofia Polakowska
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Jakubiak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kiedrowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rak-Załuska
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Duchnik
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Public Voivodeship Combined Hospital, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Wajs-Syrenicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Duchnik
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Leite A, Vasconcelos L, Rodrigues S, Pereira E, Domínguez-Valencia R, Lorenzo JM, Teixeira A. Effect of Olive Cake in Bísaro Pig Feed on Physicochemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Three Different Muscles of Dry-Cured Shoulder. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1697. [PMID: 38891744 PMCID: PMC11171238 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the following effects: (1) the inclusion of olive in the animal's diet on the dry-cured shoulder; (2) the effect of curing on three different muscles (infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and subscapular); (3) the effect of different curing times (fresh shoulder, 6 months curing, and 12 months curing). For this purpose, forty shoulders were used, followed by a cold nitrite-free curing process with controlled humidity and temperature, according to the flowchart of a company that implements highly stringent standards in terms of food safety and quality. Samples were evaluated for their physicochemical composition and lipid profile. All the physicochemical composition parameters were significantly different (p < 0.001) in the three muscles studied. As might be expected, the curing times from the fresh product to the final product were also significantly different for all the parameters studied in this work. Regarding the inclusion of olive cake, it was found that treatment with a base diet + 10% exhausted olive cake (T4) showed higher levels for the parameters NaCl, collagen, and total fat. As for the fatty acid profile, in general, the olive did not influence the final product. On the other hand, we found that the type of muscle and the curing time of the cured shoulder had a significant influence on the fatty acid profile. We should also point out that there are significant differences in the interaction between curing time and muscle, particularly in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as the lipid quality indices. Canonical discriminant analysis is viable for evaluating the evolution of the curing process, discriminating and classifying curing times, and evaluating the muscles of the Bísaro pork shoulder. Also, the introduction of olive cake into the animal diet does not affect the final product obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leite
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (A.L.); (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lia Vasconcelos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (A.L.); (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (A.L.); (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (A.L.); (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rubén Domínguez-Valencia
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.-V.); (J.M.L.)
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (R.D.-V.); (J.M.L.)
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Alfredo Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (A.L.); (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Chermon D, Gelman O, Birk R. Blending Towards Healthier Lifestyles: The Impact of Regular Fruit and Vegetable Smoothie Consumption on Dietary Patterns and Sustainable Health Behaviors. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241258552. [PMID: 38828751 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241258552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to characterize the nutritional, health and basic sustainability practices among regular smoothies' consumers (RSC; ≥ 1-2 servings/week for ≥ 2 months). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Self-report online multiple-choice questionnaire survey of random sample of adults from online retailer database and community. SAMPLE 193 healthy Israeli adults (75.6% females, mean age 40.65 ± 14.36) completed an online multiple-choice validated survey from May 2022 to August 2023. MEASURES Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habits, including physical activity, FV consumption, and sustainability practices. ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at .05. RESULTS RSC were significantly older (P < .001) and more physically active (P = .025) than occasional smoothie consumers (OSC). They consumed more FV, reaching nutritional recommendations, and exhibited significant lifestyle changes, including reduced meat (P = .013) and processed food consumption (P = .013), and regular meal consumption (P = .045). RSC used fewer disposables (P = .002) compared to OSC and non-smoothie consumers (P = .001). RSC demonstrated a higher incidence of weight reduction compared to weight gain. CONCLUSION RSC is significantly associated with health and nutritional sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Chermon
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Orel Gelman
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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13
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Abraham A, Cule M, Thanaj M, Basty N, Hashemloo MA, Sorokin EP, Whitcher B, Burgess S, Bell JD, Sattar N, Thomas EL, Yaghootkar H. Genetic Evidence for Distinct Biological Mechanisms That Link Adiposity to Type 2 Diabetes: Toward Precision Medicine. Diabetes 2024; 73:1012-1025. [PMID: 38530928 PMCID: PMC11109787 DOI: 10.2337/db23-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to unravel the mechanisms connecting adiposity to type 2 diabetes. We used MR-Clust to cluster independent genetic variants associated with body fat percentage (388 variants) and BMI (540 variants) based on their impact on type 2 diabetes. We identified five clusters of adiposity-increasing alleles associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk (unfavorable adiposity) and three clusters associated with lower risk (favorable adiposity). We then characterized each cluster based on various biomarkers, metabolites, and MRI-based measures of fat distribution and muscle quality. Analyzing the metabolic signatures of these clusters revealed two primary mechanisms connecting higher adiposity to reduced type 2 diabetes risk. The first involves higher adiposity in subcutaneous tissues (abdomen and thigh), lower liver fat, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and diabetes complications. The second mechanism is characterized by increased body size and enhanced muscle quality, with no impact on cardiometabolic outcomes. Furthermore, our findings unveil diverse mechanisms linking higher adiposity to higher disease risk, such as cholesterol pathways or inflammation. These results reinforce the existence of adiposity-related mechanisms that may act as protective factors against type 2 diabetes and its complications, especially when accompanied by reduced ectopic liver fat. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Abraham
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K
| | | | - Marjola Thanaj
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Nicolas Basty
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - M. Amin Hashemloo
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K
| | | | - Brandon Whitcher
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
- MRI Unit, Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - E. Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K
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14
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Chen X, Shi K, Zhang Y, Song Y, Wang X, Tian X. Causal association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with biliary tract diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:37-45. [PMID: 38777457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evidence connecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to biliary problems is still highly contested and speculative despite the fact that biliary diseases are common and PUFAs have long been studied for their potential health benefits. This work used Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques in conjunction with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to clarify the causal relationships between PUFAs and biliary tract diseases. METHODS We compiled data on PUFAs, including Omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-6 fatty acids, and the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-6:Omega-3), using GWAS. MR was used to examine biliary tract problems (cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas). Single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with PUFAs were selected as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects on biliary tract diseases. The final results were analyzed using five MR analysis techniques. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary outcome. And IVW was utilized in conjunction with the other MR analysis techniques (MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode). Additionally, we evaluated heterogeneity and horizontal multiplicity using the MR-Egger intercept test and Cochrane's Q test, respectively. Finally, to increase the accuracy and precision of the study outcomes, we carried out a number of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS We found that Omega-3 fatty acids reduced the risk of cholecystitis (OR: 0.851, P = 0.009), cholelithiasis (OR: 0.787, P = 8.76e-5), and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas (OR: 0.842, P = 1.828e-4) but increased the primary biliary cholangitis (OR: 2.220, P = 0.004). There was no significant association between Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of gallbladder cancer (OR: 3.127, P = 0.530) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR: 0.919, P = 0.294). Omega-6 fatty acids were associated with a reduced risk of cholecystitis (OR: 0.845, P = 0.040). However, they were not linked to an increased or decreased risk of cholelithiasis (OR: 0.878, P = 0.14), gallbladder cancer (OR: 4.670, P = 0.515), primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR: 0.993, P = 0.962), primary cholestatic biliary cholangitis (OR: 1.404, P = 0.509), or disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. Omega-6:Omega-3 fatty acids were linked to a greater risk of cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas (OR:1.168, P = 0.009, OR:1.191, P = 1.60e-6, and OR:1.160, P = 4.11e-6, respectively). But (OR: 0.315, P = 0.010) was linked to a decreased risk of primary biliary cholangitis. Not linked to risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR: 1.079, P = 0.078) or gallbladder cancer (OR: 0.046, P = 0.402). According to the MR-Egger intercept, our MR examination did not appear to be impacted by any pleiotropy (all P > 0.05). Additionally, sensitivity studies validated the accuracy of the calculated causation. CONCLUSION Inconsistent causative relationships between PUFAs and biliary tract diseases were revealed in our investigation. However, Omega-3 fatty acids were found to causally lower the risk of cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. Omega-3 fatty acids increased the risk of primary biliary cholangitis in a causative way. Omega-3 fatty acids with the risk of gallbladder cancer and primary sclerosing cholangitis did not have any statistically significant relationships. Omega-6 fatty acids were not significantly causally connected with the risk of cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. However, they did play a causative role in lowering the risk of cholecystitis. Omega-6:Omega-3 fatty acids decreased the risk of primary biliary cholangitis but increased the risk of cholecystitis, gallstone disease, and disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas. They had no effect on the risk of gallbladder cancer or primary sclerosing cholangitis. Therefore, additional research should be done to examine the probable processes mediating the link between polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of biliary tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Kaijia Shi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Disease Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Song
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
| | - Xinghan Tian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
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15
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Kiyasu Y, Zuo X, Liu Y, Yao JC, Shureiqi I. EPA, DHA, and resolvin effects on cancer risk: The underexplored mechanisms. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106854. [PMID: 38825147 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements have exhibited inconsistent effects on cancer risk, and their potential efficacy as cancer preventive agents has been increasingly questioned, especially in recent large randomized clinical trials. The role of host factors that govern EPA and DHA metabolism in relation to their impact on carcinogenesis remains understudied. Resolvins, the products of EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism, demonstrate intriguing antitumorigenic effects through mechanisms such as promoting macrophage phagocytosis of cell debris and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are crucial for cancer progression. However, clinical studies have not yet shown a significant increase in target tissue levels of resolvins with EPA and DHA supplementation. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15), a key enzyme in EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism, is often lost in various major human cancers, including precancerous and advanced colorectal cancers. Further research is needed to elucidate whether the loss of ALOX15 expression in colorectal precancerous and cancerous cells affects EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism, the formation of resolvins, and subsequently carcinogenesis. The findings from these studies could aid in the development of novel and effective chemoprevention interventions to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James C Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Vasconcelos L, Dias LG, Leite A, Pereira E, Silva S, Ferreira I, Mateo J, Rodrigues S, Teixeira A. Contribution to Characterizing the Meat Quality of Protected Designation of Origin Serrana and Preta de Montesinho Kids Using the Near-Infrared Reflectance Methodology. Foods 2024; 13:1581. [PMID: 38790881 PMCID: PMC11121219 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to describe and compare the meat quality characteristics of male and female kids from the "Serrana" and "Preta de Montesinho" breeds certified as "Cabrito Transmontano" and reinforce the performance of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectra in predicting these quality characteristics and discriminating among breeds. Samples of Longissimus thoracis (n = 32; sixteen per breed; eight males and eight females) were used. Breed significantly affected meat quality characteristics, with only color and fatty acid (FA) (C12:0) being influenced by sex. The meat of the "Serrana" breed proved to be more tender than that of the "Preta de Montesinho". However, the meat from the "Preta de Montesinho" breed showed higher intramuscular fat content and was lighter than that from the "Serrana" breed, which favors its quality of color and juiciness. The use of NIR with the linear support vector machine regression (SVMR) classification model demonstrated its capability to quantify meat quality characteristics such as pH, CIELab color, protein, moisture, ash, fat, texture, water-holding capacity, and lipid profile. Discriminant analysis was performed by dividing the sample spectra into calibration sets (75 percent) and prediction sets (25 percent) and applying the Kennard-Stone algorithm to the spectra. This resulted in 100% correct classifications with the training data and 96.7% accuracy with the test data. The test data showed acceptable estimation models with R2 > 0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Vasconcelos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Vegazana S/N, 24007 León, Spain;
| | - Luís G. Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Leite
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Severiano Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Iasmin Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Vegazana S/N, 24007 León, Spain;
| | - Javier Mateo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Vegazana S/N, 24007 León, Spain;
| | - Sandra Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.V.); (L.G.D.); (A.L.); (E.P.); (I.F.); (S.R.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Dai M, Xin H, Dai W, Huang X, Wang X. Association of cooking oil and incident of frailty in older adults: a cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:424. [PMID: 38741040 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining the potential association between cooking oil and frailty risk in older adults have produced conflicting outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to explore the relationship between cooking oil (vegetable and animal fat oils), changes in oil usage, and the risk of frailty in older adults. METHODS We included 4,838 participants aged ≥ 65 years without frailty (frailty index < 0.25) from the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Follow-up occurred in the 2014 and 2018 waves. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine the association between cooking oil and frailty. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of switching cooking oil on frailty during the follow-up period. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.0 (2.8-6.9) years, 1,348 individuals (27.9%) developed frailty. Compared to those using vegetable oil, users of animal fat oil had a lower risk of frailty (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61-0.85). Participants who switched from vegetable oil to animal fat oil, as well as those consistently using animal fat oil, had lower risks of frailty with HRs of 0.70 (0.52-0.95) and 0.63 (0.51-0.77) respectively, compared to those who consistently used vegetable oil. Conversely, individuals who switched from animal fat oil to vegetable oil experienced an increased risk of frailty (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.97). CONCLUSIONS The utilization of animal fat oil in cooking exhibited a reduced frailty risk among older adults. Conversely, transitioning from animal fat oil to vegetable oil may elevate the risk. These findings propose that substituting vegetable oil with animal fat oil in the diet may safeguard against frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Huaping Xin
- Department of Geriatrics, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun, Jiangxi, 330600, China
| | - Weiwei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
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18
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Ibi A, Chang C, Kuo YC, Zhang Y, Du M, Roh YS, Gahler R, Hardy M, Solnier J. Evaluation of the Metabolite Profile of Fish Oil Omega-3 Fatty Acids (n-3 FAs) in Micellar and Enteric-Coated Forms-A Randomized, Cross-Over Human Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:265. [PMID: 38786742 PMCID: PMC11123365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the differences in the metabolite profile of three n-3 FA fish oil formulations in 12 healthy participants: (1) standard softgels (STD) providing 600 mg n-3 FA; (2) enteric-coated softgels (ENT) providing 600 mg n-3 FA; (3) a new micellar formulation (LMF) providing 374 mg n-3 FA. The pharmacokinetics (PKs), such as the area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC), and the peak blood concentration (Cmax) of the different FA metabolites including HDHAs, HETEs, HEPEs, RvD1, RvD5, RvE1, and RvE2, were determined over a total period of 24 h. Blood concentrations of EPA (26,920.0 ± 10,021.0 ng/mL·h) were significantly higher with respect to AUC0-24 following LMF treatment vs STD and ENT; when measured incrementally, blood concentrations of total n-3 FAs (EPA/DHA/DPA3) up to 11 times higher were observed for LMF vs STD (iAUC 0-24: 16,150.0 ± 5454.0 vs 1498.9 ± 443.0; p ≤ 0.0001). Significant differences in n-3 metabolites including oxylipins were found between STD and LMF with respect to 12-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 12-HETE, and RvD1; 9-HEPE levels were significantly higher following the STD vs. ENT treatment. Furthermore, within the scope of this study, changes in blood lipid levels (i.e., cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL) were monitored in participants for up to 120 h post-treatment; a significant decrease in serum triglycerides was detected in participants (~20%) following the LMF treatment; no significant deviations from the baseline were detected for all the other lipid biomarkers in any of the treatment groups. Despite a lower administered dose, LMF provided higher blood concentrations of n-3 FAs and certain anti-inflammatory n-3 metabolites in human participants-potentially leading to better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afoke Ibi
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Chuck Chang
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Yun Chai Kuo
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Min Du
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
| | | | - Mary Hardy
- Academy of Integrative and Holistic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julia Solnier
- ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (A.I.)
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Zuo X, Kiyasu Y, Liu Y, Deguchi Y, Liu F, Moussalli M, Tan L, Wei B, Wei D, Yang P, Shureiqi I. Colorectal ALOX15 as a host factor determinant of EPA and DHA effects on colorectal carcinogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592224. [PMID: 38746303 PMCID: PMC11092629 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) derived from fish oil, are widely used as dietary supplements and FDA-approved treatments for hypertriglyceridemia. However, studies investigating the effects of EPA and DHA on colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) have yielded conflicting results. The factors that determine these discrepant results remain unknown. Resolvins, oxidative metabolites of EPA and DHA, inhibit key pro-tumorigenic cytokine and chemokine signaling of colorectal cancer (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL2). 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15), a critical enzyme for resolvin generation is commonly lost during human CRC. Whether ALOX15 expression, as a host factor, modulates the effects of EPA and DHA on CRC remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ALOX15 transgenic expression in colonic epithelial cells on resolvin generation by EPA and DHA and CRC in mouse models representative of human CRC. Our results revealed that 1) EPA and DHA effects on CRC were diverse, ranging from suppressive to promotive, and these effects were occasionally altered by the formulations of EPA and DHA (free fatty acid, ethyl ester, triglyceride); 2) EPA and DHA uniformly suppressed CRC in the presence of intestinal ALOX15 transgenic expression, which induced the production of resolvins, decreased colonic CCL3-5 and CXCL-5 expression and tumor associated macrophages while increasing CD8 T cell abundance in tumor microenvironment; and 3) RvD5, the predominant resolvin produced by ALOX15, inhibited macrophage generation of pro-tumorigenic cytokines. These findings demonstrate the significance of intestinal ALOX15 expression as a host factor in determining the effects of EPA and DHA on CRC. Significance Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are widely used as dietary supplements and FDA-approved treatments for hypertriglyceridemia. Studies of EPA and DHA effects on colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) have revealed inconsistencies; factors determining the direction of their impact on CRC have remained unidentified. Our data show that EPA and DHA effects on CRC were divergent and occasionally influenced by their formulations. More importantly, intestinal 15-lipoxgenase-1 (ALOX15) expression modulated EPA and DHA effects on CRC, leading to their consistent suppression of CRC. ALOX15 promoted EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism to generate resolvins, which inhibited key pro-tumorigenic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6. IL-1β, and CCL2. ALOX15 is therefore an important host factor in determining EPA and DHA effects on CRC.
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Liu Z, Huang H, Xie J, Xu Y, Xu C. Circulating fatty acids and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease mortality in the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3707. [PMID: 38697980 PMCID: PMC11065883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based plasma fatty acids are objective biomarkers of many diseases. Herein, we aim to explore the associations of NMR-based plasma fatty acids with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality in 252,398 UK Biobank participants. Here we show plasma levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6 PUFA are negatively associated with the risk of incident HCC [HRQ4vsQ1: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33-0.69) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.28-0.81), respectively] and CLD mortality [HRQ4vsQ1: 0.21 (95% CI: 0.13-0.33) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08-0.30), respectively], whereas plasma levels of saturated fatty acids are positively associated with these outcomes [HRQ4vsQ1: 3.55 (95% CI: 2.25-5.61) for HCC and 6.34 (95% CI: 3.68-10.92) for CLD mortality]. Furthermore, fibrosis stage significantly modifies the associations between PUFA and CLD mortality. This study contributes to the limited prospective evidence on the associations between plasma-specific fatty acids and end-stage liver outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiarong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third People's Hospital of Yuyao, Yuyao, 311101, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Huang Z, Ma K, Yin X, Li Z, Chen M, Duan Y, Li L, Hu Y. The associations of fatty acids related dietary patterns with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:54. [PMID: 38654346 PMCID: PMC11036597 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight and obesity is becoming an emerging face of malnutrition. The aims of this study were to develop fatty acid (FAs) related dietary patterns and explored the associations of FAs related dietary patterns with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. METHODS An observational study was conducted on 435 children aged 4 to 7 years old in South Central China. Erythrocyte FAs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diet was collected by food frequency questionnaires and dietary patterns were evaluated by reduced rank regression. The logistic regression analysis was used to exploring the association of dietary patterns with overweight and obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight or obesity were 6.52, 4.59, and 11.11% in Chinese children, respectively. Twenty five types of FAs were detected in erythrocyte of children and four FAs related dietary patterns were identified. The dietary pattern positively correlated with n-3 PUFAs, but negatively with SFAs,was characterized by high intake of fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, leaf-off vegetable, nuts, and tubers, which have a significantly decreased overweight risk (OR = 0.580, 95%CI: 0.375 ∼ 0.895, P = 0.014).The pattern positively strong associated with n-6 PUFAs, but negatively strong with n-3 PUFAs, had high intake of snacks, leaf-off vegetable, fresh beans, and coarse cereals, which have a significantly decreased obesity risk (OR = 0.518, 95%CI: 0.325 ∼ 0.827, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Four FAs related dietary patterns were identified. The dietary pattern with high intake of fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish decreased overweight risk by increasing n-3 PUFAs, and decreasing SFAs. The dietary pattern with high intake of plant food, decreased obesity risk by providing an balanced n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- School of Public Health and Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Jinxi Road No.492, 418000, Huaihua, China
| | - Keyu Ma
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road No.28, 421001, Hengyang, China
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaochen Yin
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Ziming Li
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Duan
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Yuming Hu
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China.
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Subošić B, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Bogavac-Stanojević N, Zdravković V, Ješić M, Kovačević S, Đuričić I. Circulating Fatty Acids Associate with Metabolic Changes in Adolescents Living with Obesity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:883. [PMID: 38672237 PMCID: PMC11048623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a crucial role in obesity development and in the comorbidities of obesity in both adults and children. This study aimed to assess the impact of circulating fatty acids on biomarkers of metabolic health of adolescents living with obesity. Parameters such as blood lipids, redox status, and leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) were measured alongside the proportions of individual fatty acids. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed that individuals with obesity exhibited an unfavorable lipid and redox status compared to the control normal weight group. The group with obesity also had lower plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs than the control group. They also had a shorter rLTL, indicating accelerated biological aging. There was an inverse association of rLTL and plasma n-6-to-n-3 PUFA ratio. Future studies should explore the impact of recommended nutrition plans and increased physical activity on these parameters to determine if these interventions can enhance the health and well-being of adolescents with obesity, knowing that early obesity can track into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Subošić
- Biochemical Laboratory, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.K.-S.); (N.B.-S.)
| | - Nataša Bogavac-Stanojević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.K.-S.); (N.B.-S.)
| | - Vera Zdravković
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Z.); (M.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Maja Ješić
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Z.); (M.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Smiljka Kovačević
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Z.); (M.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Ivana Đuričić
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Liu W, Liu S, Ren Q, Yang R, Su S, Jiang X. Association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and progression among patients with diabetic kidney disease. Prim Care Diabetes 2024; 18:177-182. [PMID: 38242728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Early detection and treatment are contributing to delay the progression of DKD. Dietary management has potential benefits for DKD, especially the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence, so we aimed to explore the association between PUFAs intake and DKD progression. METHODS In the National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011-2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with T2DM. DKD was diagnosed with urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Using Survey package of R to arrange the collected PUFAs intake data in order from small to large and divide them into four equal parts, which were expressed as Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 respectively. To investigate the association between PUFAs intake and DKD, a weighted univariate logistic regression analysis was performed and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the association with DKD and PUFAs quartiles. RESULTS The study involved 3287 participants with T2DM, including 2043 non-DKD and 1244 DKD patients. The results showed that the intake of PUFAs was a protective factor for DKD (p = 0.022), and with the increase of the PUFAs, renal function improved in DKD patients, the adjusted mean of eGFR and Scr changing from 57 (41, 86) in Q1 to 71 (55, 101) ml/min in Q4 (p 0.001), 103 (73, 131) in Q1 to 90 (68, 117) in Q4 (p = 0.031), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that intake of more PUFAs may contribute to delay DKD progression, while different n-6/n-3 ratios need to be explored to protect the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ronglu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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24
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Copado CN, Ixtaina VY, Tomás MC. Enrichment of a fruit-based smoothie beverage with omega-3 fatty acids from microencapsulated chia seed oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3352-3360. [PMID: 38105416 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their various health benefits. Chia is the richest vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids. However, its oil is highly susceptible to oxidative deterioration and should be protected for incorporation into food matrices. This work aimed to study the incorporation of different chia oil microcapsules in a powdered beverage, analyzing the effect on the physicochemical characteristics and stability during storage. RESULTS Different types of microcapsules were obtained: monolayer microcapsules using sodium caseinate and lactose as wall material, and multilayer microcapsules produced through electrostatic deposition using lecithins, chitosan, and chia mucilage as the first, second, and third layers, respectively. The results demonstrated an efficient enrichment of smoothies, with omega-3 fatty acid values ranging from 24.09% to 42.73%, while the original food matrix powder lacked this component. These powder beverages exhibited low moisture content (≤ 2.91%) and low water activity (≤ 0.39). The aerated, packed density and compressibility assays indicated that adding microcapsules made the powders less dense and compressible. The color of the original powdered beverage was not modified. The dispersibility reflected an acceptable instantaneity, reaching the maximum obscuration after 30 s of stirring. The solubility of all the enriched products was higher than 70%, whereas the pH was ~6.8. The contact angle between the powder and liquid indicated an excellent ability to be reconstituted in water. The analysis of the glass transition temperature showed that the storage temperature (25 °C) was adequate. The peroxide value of all the products was low throughout the storage (≤ 1.63 meq peroxide kg-1 of oil at 90 days at 25 ± 2 °C), thus maintaining the quality of the microencapsulated chia oil. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that incorporating the monolayer and multilayer chia oil microcapsules that were studied could be a viable strategy for enriching smoothies with the omega-3 fatty acids present in chia seed oil. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia N Copado
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT La Plata (CONICET), CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (FCE) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Y Ixtaina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT La Plata (CONICET), CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (FCE) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAyF, UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mabel C Tomás
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT La Plata (CONICET), CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (FCE) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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25
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Saini A, Kaur R, Kumar S, Saini RK, Kashyap B, Kumar V. New horizon of rosehip seed oil: Extraction, characterization for its potential applications as a functional ingredient. Food Chem 2024; 437:137568. [PMID: 37918157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, rosehip is gaining more attention due to its high nutritional and medicinal value. Rosehip seeds usually discarded as waste, contain oil with high bioactive potential. These nutritional properties recommend the use of rosehip seed oil (RSO) to develop innovative food, pharma, and cosmetic products. In this review, different conventional and novel technologies for the extraction of RSO in terms of optimized conditions for better extraction of oil are discussed. In the lateral section of the manuscript, the detailed composition and biological activities of RSO are reviewed. Finally, a glimpse of the recent applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry are provided. This review could provide a comprehensive understanding of the value of RSO and promote its nutrition research and commercial product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadisha Saini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan - 173 230 (HP), India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharati Kashyap
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan - 173 230 (HP), India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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26
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Spínola MP, Alfaia CM, Costa MM, Pinto RMA, Lopes PA, Pestana JM, Tavares JC, Mendes AR, Mourato MP, Tavares B, Carvalho DFP, Martins CF, Ferreira JI, Lordelo MM, Prates JAM. Impact of high Spirulina diet, extruded or supplemented with enzymes, on blood cells, systemic metabolites, and hepatic lipid and mineral profiles of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1342310. [PMID: 38596464 PMCID: PMC11002084 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1342310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of 15% dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in broiler chickens was explored, focusing on blood cellular components, systemic metabolites and hepatic lipid and mineral composition. From days 14 to 35 of age, 120 broiler chickens were divided and allocated into four dietary treatments: a standard corn and soybean meal-based diet (control), a 15% Spirulina diet, a 15% extruded Spirulina diet, and a 15% Spirulina diet super-dosed with an enzyme blend (0.20% porcine pancreatin plus 0.01% lysozyme). The haematological analysis revealed no significant deviations (p > 0.05) in blood cell counts across treatments, suggesting that high Spirulina inclusion maintains haematological balance. The systemic metabolic assessment indicated an enhanced antioxidant capacity in birds on Spirulina diets (p < 0.001), pointing toward a potential reduction in oxidative stress. However, the study noted a detrimental impact on growth performance metrics, such as final body weight and feed conversion ratio (both p < 0.001), in the Spirulina-fed treatments, with the super-dosed enzyme blend supplementation failing to alleviate these effects but with extrusion mitigating them. Regarding hepatic composition, birds on extruded Spirulina and enzyme-supplemented diets showed a notable increase in n-3 fatty acids (EPA, DPA, DHA) (p < 0.001), leading to an improved n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.001). Despite this positive shift, a reduction in total hepatic lipids (p = 0.003) was observed without a significant change in cholesterol levels. Our findings underscore the need for further exploration into the optimal inclusion levels, processing methods and potential enzymatic enhancements of Spirulina in broiler diets. Ultimately, this research aims to strike a balance between promoting health benefits and maintaining optimal growth performance in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Spínola
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica M. Costa
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Pinto
- JCS, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Algés, Portugal
- iMED.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Lopes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M. Pestana
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João C. Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Mendes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel P. Mourato
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. P. Carvalho
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia F. Martins
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Lordelo
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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Castellanos-Perilla N, Borda MG, Aarsland D, Barreto GE. An analysis of omega-3 clinical trials and a call for personalized supplementation for dementia prevention. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:313-324. [PMID: 38379273 PMCID: PMC11090157 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2313547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted interventions are needed to delay or prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Poor dietary habits are associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the benefits of a healthy diet with fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Intake of omega-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is linked with healthy aging, cardiovascular benefits, and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Although omega-3 has health benefits, its intake is often inadequate and insufficient in modern diets. Although fish oil supplements offer an alternative source, inconsistent results from clinical trials raise questions about the factors determining their success. AREAS COVERED In this this review, the authors discuss the aforementioned determining factors and highlight strategies that could enhance the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs interventions for dementia and cognitive decline. Moreover, the authors provide suggestions for potential future research. EXPERT OPINION Factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition can all influence the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation. When implementing clinical trials, it is crucial to consider these factors and recognize their potential impact on the interpretation of results. It is important to study each variable independently and the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Castellanos-Perilla
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel Germán Borda
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Welch BM, Bommarito PA, Cantonwine DE, Milne GL, Motsinger-Reif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Meeker JD, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. Predictors of upstream inflammation and oxidative stress pathways during early pregnancy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:222-232. [PMID: 38262546 PMCID: PMC10922808 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical to pregnancy, but most human study has focused on downstream, non-causal indicators. Oxylipins are lipid mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress that act through many biological pathways. Our aim was to characterize predictors of circulating oxylipin concentrations based on maternal characteristics. METHODS Our study was conducted among 901 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment from 2007 to 2018. We measured a targeted panel of oxylipins in early pregnancy plasma and urine samples from several biosynthetic pathways, defined by the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) precursor and enzyme group. We evaluated levels across predictors, including characteristics of participants' pregnancy, socioeconomic determinants, and obstetric and medical history. RESULTS Current pregnancy and sociodemographic characteristics were the most important predictors of circulating oxylipins concentrations. Plasma oxylipins were lower and urinary oxylipins higher for participants with a later gestational age at sampling (13-23 weeks), higher prepregnancy BMI (obesity class I, II, or III), Black or Hispanic race and ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic status (younger age, lower education, and uninsured). For example, compared to those with normal or underweight prepregnancy BMI, participants with class III prepregnancy obesity had 45-46% lower plasma epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids, the anti-inflammatory oxylipins produced from arachidonic acid (AA) by cytochrome P450, and had 81% higher urinary 15-series F2-isoprostanes, an indicator of oxidative stress produced from non-enzymatic AA oxidation. Similarly, in urine, Black participants had 92% higher prostaglandin E2 metabolite, a pro-inflammatory oxylipin, and 41% higher 5-series F2-isoprostane, an oxidative stress indicator. CONCLUSIONS In this large pregnancy study, we found that circulating levels of oxylipins were different for participants of lower socioeconomic status or of a systematically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. Given associations differed along biosynthetic pathways, results provide insight into etiologic links between maternal predictors and inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M Welch
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, USA; Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA.
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Lonardo MS, Cacciapuoti N, Guida B, Di Lorenzo M, Chiurazzi M, Damiano S, Menale C. Hypothalamic-Ovarian axis and Adiposity Relationship in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Physiopathology and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Metabolic and Inflammatory Aspects. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:51-70. [PMID: 38172476 PMCID: PMC10933167 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the present review is to address the main adiposity-related alterations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) focusing on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis and to provide an overview of nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Female reproduction is a complex and delicate interplay between neuroendocrine signals involving the H-P-O axis. Elements that disrupt the balance of these interactions can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as PCOS. This disorder includes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities as well as hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulatory menstrual cycles, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia which share an inflammatory state with other chronic diseases. Moreover, as in a self-feeding cycle, high androgen levels in PCOS lead to visceral fat deposition, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, further stimulating ovarian and adrenal androgen production. In fact, regardless of age and BMI, women with PCOS have more adipose tissue and less lean mass than healthy women. Excessive adiposity, especially visceral adiposity, is capable of affecting female reproduction through direct mechanisms compromising the luteal phase, and indirect mechanisms as metabolic alterations able to affect the function of the H-P-O axis. The intricate crosstalk between adiposity, inflammatory status and H-P-O axis function contributes to the main adiposity-related alterations in PCOS, and alongside currently available hormonal treatments, nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies can be exploited to treat these alterations, in order to enable a more comprehensive synergistic and tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Damiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Alim MA, Mumu TJ, Tamanna US, Khan MM, Miah MI, Islam MS, Jesmin ZA, Khan T, Hasan MR, Alam MJ, Murtaja Reza Linkon KM, Rahman MN, Begum R, Prodhan UK. Hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25880. [PMID: 38384579 PMCID: PMC10878912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats. In order to conduct this study, 36 Wistar rats that were collected at 5 weeks of age and weighed an average of 70 g were split into two groups: 28 of them were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and 8 of them were fed a control diet. After 5 weeks of feeding, rats from the HFD (obese, n = 4) and the control diet group (n = 4) were sacrificed. Subsequently, the rest of obese rats (n = 24) were separated into six groups, including the continuing high-fat (CHF) diet group, rice bran oil (RBO) diet group, olive oil (OO) diet group, soybean oil (SO) diet group, cod liver oil (CLO) diet group, and sunflower oil (SFO) diet group, and the continuing control diet group (n = 4). Rats from each group were sacrificed following an additional 5 weeks, and all analytical tests were carried out. The results found that the interventions of RBO, CLO, and SFO in obese rats reduced their body weight non-significantly when compared with CHF. It was also observed that a non-significant reduction in weight of the heart, AAT, and EAT occurred by RBO, OO, SO, and CLO, while SFO reduced the AAT level significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, RBO, OO, SO, CLO, and SFO decreased IBAT and liver fat significantly compared to CHF. Similarly, the administration of RBO, OO, SO, and CLO reduced ALT significantly. RBO reduced GGT (p < 0.05) significantly, but other oils did not. The given oil has the efficiency to reduce TC, TAG, and LDL-C but increase HDL-C significantly. These findings suggest that different edible oils can ameliorate obesity, regulate lipid profiles, and modulate hepatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tarana Jannat Mumu
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Ahsania Mission Cancer and General Hospital, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Ummay Salma Tamanna
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Ibn Sina Consultation Centre, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moin Khan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- SR Ingredients Ltd., Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Miah
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- CSF Global-Child Sight Foundation, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahikul Islam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Akij Food and Beverage Ltd., Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Zannat Ara Jesmin
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tayeba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakibul Hasan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Khan Md Murtaja Reza Linkon
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nannur Rahman
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Rokeya Begum
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Utpal Kumar Prodhan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
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Wang W, Abdelrahman M, Yang Y, Lv H, Yang L. RNA Sequencing Reveals the Inhibitory Effect of High Levels of Arachidonic Acid and Linoleic Acid on C2C12 Differentiation and Myogenic Biomarkers. Nutrients 2024; 16:706. [PMID: 38474834 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, studies have shown that consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can enhance animal and human health and welfare through biological, biochemical, pathological, and pharmacological impacts. Furthermore, omega-6 plays key roles in the cardiopulmonary system, including promoting airway relaxation and inhibiting atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, findings from investigations of the effects of omega-6 fatty acids on molecular and cellular activity and discussions on their influence on biomarkers are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate omega-6 fatty acids, the arachidonic acid (AA), and linoleic acid (LA) effects on C2C12 proliferation, myogenesis morphology, and relative myogenic biomarker expression through the Wnt pathway. C2C12 cells were cultured with and without 25, 50, 100, and 150 µM of LA and AA and then subjected to CCK8, Giemsa staining, RT qPCR, Western blotting, and RNA Sequencing. The CCK8 Assay results showed that 25, 50, 100, and 150 µM LA significantly decreased the viability after 72 h for 25, 50, 100, and 150 µM concentrations. Also, AA supplementation decreased cell viability after 24 h for 150 µM, 48 h for 150 µM, and 72 h for 50, 100, and 150 µM concentrations. Moreover, the LA and AA inhibitory effects noticed through Gimesa staining were morphological changes during myoblast differentiation. Both LA and AA showed inhibiting IGF1, Cola1, Col6a2, Col6a1, Itga10, Itga11, SFRP2, DAAM2, and NKD2 effects; however, the depressing effect was higher for AA compared to LA. The previous results were confirmed through Western blotting, which showed that 50 µM LA and AA significantly reduced DAAM2 and SFRP2 protein levels compared to the control. Regarding RNA sequencing results, LA and AA increased the number of differentially expressed (DE) Mt-rRNA and snoRNA; however, the numbers of lncRNA detected decreased compared to the control. Our findings demonstrate that high and moderate LA and AA concentrations reduce primary myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Also, they highlight novel biomarkers and regulatory factors to improve our understanding of how the nutrition of fatty acids can control and modulate the myogenesis and differentiation process through different biomarker families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang W, Chen H, Zhang W, Fan D, Deng J, Yang H. Ginsenoside Rk3 Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Colitis by Modulating Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2997-3007. [PMID: 38300824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is closely related to obesity and its complications. Our previous study found that ginsenoside Rk3 (Rk3), a natural bioactive substance derived from ginseng, can effectively alleviate obesity-induced colitis, while its impact on the improvement of the lipid metabolism disorder remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Rk3 significantly alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid dysregulation in high-fat diet-induced colitis C57BL/6 mice. The potential mechanism by which Rk3 mitigated colon inflammation in the context of obesity may involve the modulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism with specific attention to n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Rk3 intervention markedly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory factors (PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, HETE, and HODE) by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, while enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory factors (EET and diHOME) via cytochrome P450 pathways. Our findings suggest that Rk3 is a potential anti-inflammatory natural drug that can improve obesity-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Thurman HA, Wijegunawardena G, Berthias F, Williamson DL, Wu H, Nagy G, Jensen ON, Shvartsburg AA. Multiplatform High-Definition Ion Mobility Separations of the Largest Epimeric Peptides. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2318-2326. [PMID: 38301112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has become a versatile tool to fractionate complex mixtures, distinguish structural isomers, and elucidate molecular geometries. Along with the whole MS field, IMS/MS advances to ever larger species. A topical proteomic problem is the discovery and characterization of d-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) that are critical to neurotransmission and toxicology. Both linear IMS and FAIMS previously disentangled d/l epimers with up to ∼30 residues. In the first study using all three most powerful IMS methodologies─trapped IMS, cyclic IMS, and FAIMS─we demonstrate baseline resolution of the largest known d/l peptides (CHH from Homarus americanus with 72 residues) with a dynamic range up to 100. This expands FAIMS analyses of isomeric modified peptides, especially using hydrogen-rich buffers, to the ∼50-100 residue range of small proteins. The spectra for d and l are unprecedentedly strikingly similar except for a uniform shift of the separation parameter, indicating the conserved epimer-specific structural elements across multiple charge states and conformers. As the interepimer resolution tracks the average for smaller DAACPs, the IMS approaches could help search for yet larger DAACPs. The a priori method to calibrate cyclic (including multipass) IMS developed here may be broadly useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden A Thurman
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Gayani Wijegunawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Francis Berthias
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - David L Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Haifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alexandre A Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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Wisseman BL, Edwards ES, Akers JD, Kurti SP. The Effect of Varying Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Airway Inflammation, Pulmonary Function, and Airway Resistance in Healthy, Young Adults. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:131-138. [PMID: 37399335 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2229877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of varying fatty acid composition in a HFM on eNO, pulmonary function, and airway resistance. METHODS Fifteen individuals [6 M/9 F; 21.9 ± 1.5 years old] each completed three HFM conditions {SF, O6FA, and O3FA; 12 kcal/kg body weight, 63% total fat, and 0.72 g/kg sugar smoothies} in random order separated by at least 48 h. Airway inflammation assessed via eNO, pulmonary function measured using the maximum flow volume loop (MFVL) and airway resistance measured using impulse oscillometry (iOS) were taken at baseline, 2h and 4h postprandially. RESULTS There was no difference in eNO or iOS across time in any condition or between conditions (p > 0.05). There was a significant time by condition effect for FEV1 post-HFM in the SF and O6FA conditions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Different fatty acid compositions do not increase eNO or iOS in healthy, college-aged participants after consumption of a HFM, though the minimally processed meals with fruit added may contribute to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna L Wisseman
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Akers
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Department of Health Professions, Integrated Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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Dere Yelken H, Elci MP, Turker PF, Demirkaya S. Omega fatty acid ratios and neurodegeneration in a healthy environment. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 170:106799. [PMID: 37977351 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis pose substantial public health challenges. While genetics play a primary role, recent research emphasizes the impact of environmental factors, particularly diet and lifestyle. This study investigates the initiating effects of Omega (ω)- 3 and Omega (ω)- 6 fatty acids on neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to these diseases. Using BV-2 microglial cells, we explored the influence of different fatty acid compositions and ratios on cell viability, cytokine production, morphological changes, and lipid peroxidation. Notably, a 2/1 ω-6:ω-3 ratio led to decreased cell viability. Fatty acid compositions influenced cytokine secretion, with reduced TNF-α suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. IL-17 increased, while IL-4 and IL-10 decreased in the 15/1 ω-6:ω-3 ratio, indicating complex cytokine interactions. This study found that polyunsaturated fatty acids interventions induced microglial activation, altering cell morphology even without immunostimulants. These findings demonstrate the intricate nature of fatty acid interactions with microglial cells and their potential implications for neuroinflammation. Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and their relevance to neurodegenerative diseases, informing possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dere Yelken
- Yeditepe University, 26 August Settlement, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey.
| | - M P Elci
- University of Health Sciences Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, Gulhane Complex, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey
| | - P F Turker
- Baskent University, Baglica Campus, Eskisehir highway 18.km Etimesgut, Ankara 06790, Turkey
| | - S Demirkaya
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey
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Terreros G, Pérez MÁ, Muñoz-LLancao P, D’Espessailles A, Martínez EA, Dagnino-Subiabre A. The Neuroprotective Role of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) Supplementation in Hippocampal Morphology and Memory of Adolescent Stressed Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:381. [PMID: 38337665 PMCID: PMC10857380 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain physiology and morphology are vulnerable to chronic stress, impacting cognitive performance and behavior. However, functional compounds found in food may alleviate these alterations. White quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) seeds contain a high content of n-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of a quinoa-based functional food (QFF) in rats. Prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with rat chow or QFF (50% rat chow + 50% dehydrated quinoa seeds) and exposed or not to restraint stress protocol (2 h/day; 15 days). Four experimental groups were used: Non-stressed (rat chow), Non-stressed + QFF, Stressed (rat chow) and Stressed + QFF. Weight gain, locomotor activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light-dark box), spatial memory (Y-maze), and dendritic length in the hippocampus were measured in all animals. QFF intake did not influence anxiety-like behaviors, while the memory of stressed rats fed with QFF improved compared to those fed with rat chow. Additionally, QFF intake mitigated the stress-induced dendritic atrophy in pyramidal neurons located in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. The results suggest that a quinoa-supplemented diet could play a protective role in the memory of chronically stressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Terreros
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 8370993, Chile; (G.T.); (A.D.)
- Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez
- Health Sciences School, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2580022, Chile;
| | - Pablo Muñoz-LLancao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Amanda D’Espessailles
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 8370993, Chile; (G.T.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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Baqueiro MDN, Simino LADP, Costa JP, Panzarin C, Reginato A, Torsoni MA, Ignácio-Souza L, Milanski M, Ross MG, Coca KP, Desai M, Torsoni AS. Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:340. [PMID: 38337626 PMCID: PMC10857148 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and/or high-fat diet (HF) consumption can disrupt appetite regulation in their offspring, contributing to transgenerational obesity and metabolic diseases. As fatty acids (FAs) play a role in appetite regulation, we investigated the maternal and fetal levels of FAs as potential contributors to programmed hyperphagia observed in the offspring of obese dams. Female mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or HF prior to mating, and fetal and maternal blood and tissues were collected at 19 days of gestation. Elevated levels of linoleic acid were observed in the serum of HF dams as well as in the serum of their fetuses. An increased concentration of eicosadienoic acid was also detected in the hypothalamus of female HF-O fetuses. HF-O male fetuses showed increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression, while HF-O female fetuses showed decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) protein content. Both male and female fetuses exhibited reduced hypothalamic neurogenin 3 (NGN-3) gene expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that LA contributed to the decreased gene expression of Pomc and Ngn-3 in neuronal cells. During lactation, HF female offspring consumed more milk and had a higher body weight compared to CT. In summary, this study demonstrated that exposure to HF prior to and during gestation alters the FA composition in maternal serum and fetal serum and hypothalamus, particularly increasing n-6, which may play a role in the switch from POMC to NPY neurons, leading to increased weight gain in the offspring during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Nóbrega Baqueiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Laís Angélica de Paula Simino
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - João Paulo Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Carolina Panzarin
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Andressa Reginato
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Letícia Ignácio-Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.G.R.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kelly Pereira Coca
- Ana Abrao Breastfeeding Center, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04037-001, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Mina Desai
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.G.R.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
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Carretero-Krug A, Montero-Bravo A, Morais-Moreno C, Puga AM, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Partearroyo T, Varela-Moreiras G. Nutritional Status of Breastfeeding Mothers and Impact of Diet and Dietary Supplementation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:301. [PMID: 38276540 PMCID: PMC10818638 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition during breastfeeding is crucial for ensuring the good health of mothers and babies. Despite the high energy and nutrient demands of breastfeeding, lactating women are often vulnerable from a nutritional perspective. The nutritional focus during breastfeeding tends to be on the newborn, often neglecting the mother's diet. Therefore, in the present narrative review, nutrient intakes were compared with the dietary reference values (DRVs) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as well as by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO). In the diets of lactating mothers, dietary inadequacies were observed in the intake of some vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D, and in the intake of certain minerals like calcium, iron, and iodine; polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies, primarily in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were also observed. On the other hand, the debate on the necessity of supplementation during lactation continues; the need for nutritional supplementation during lactation depends on many factors, such us mothers' eating habits. There seems to be a positive association between nutritional supplementation of the lactating mother and the concentration of certain nutrients in human milk. The present narrative review provides an update on the nutritional status (fatty acids and micronutrients) of breastfeeding mothers and the impact of diet and dietary supplementation on human milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Carretero-Krug
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
- Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Bravo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
- Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Carmen Morais-Moreno
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
| | - Ana M. Puga
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
- Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Mª de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
- Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
- Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-K.); (A.M.-B.); (C.M.-M.); (A.M.P.); (M.d.L.S.-V.); (T.P.)
- Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Zhang M, Sun L, Su R, Corazzin M, Yang Z, Dou L, Hu G, Zhang Y, Liu T, Guo Y, Zhao L, Su L, Tian J, Jin Y. Widely targeted metabolomic analysis reveals the dynamic changes of metabolites during postmortem chilled aging in Mongolian sheep. Food Chem 2024; 431:137035. [PMID: 37567080 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem aging is a value-added process for meat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes and metabolic pathways of metabolites in Mongolian sheep during early postmortem chilled aging. Widely targeted metabolomic was used to analyze the metabolites of mutton within five days of chilled aging. A total of 1093 metabolites were identified in Mongolian sheep, covering 16 subclasses. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that 467 metabolites had significant changes during aging, including amino acid and its metabolites, fatty acyl, and glycerophospholipid. In particular, 60 metabolites decreased, while other 407 metabolites increased with aging time. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that protein digestion and absorption, amino acyl-trNA biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism and carbon metabolism were the main enrichment pathways in aging. These findings provide a more comprehensive insight into metabolic profiling and metabolic pathways during chilled aging in mutton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Rina Su
- Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering, China
| | - Mirco Corazzin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Zhihao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Lu Dou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Yueying Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Jianjun Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, China.
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Craine EB, Barriball S, Şakiroğlu M, Peters T, Schlautman B. Amino acid and fatty acid profiles of perennial Baki™ bean. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1292628. [PMID: 38283912 PMCID: PMC10811165 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1292628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To realize the potential of sainfoins to contribute to sustainable agriculture and expand on demonstrated uses and benefits, de novo domestication is occurring to develop perennial Baki™ bean, the trade name used by The Land Institute for pulses (i.e., grain legumes) derived from sainfoins. The objective of this study was to characterize amino acid and fatty acid profiles of depodded seeds from commercial sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) seed lots, and compare these results with data published in the Global Food Composition Database for Pulses. The fatty acid profile consisted primarily of polyunsaturated fatty acids (56.8%), compared to monounsaturated (29.0%) and saturated fatty acids (14.2%), and n-3 fatty acids (39.5%), compared to n-9 (28.4%) and n-6 (17.6%) fatty acids. The essential fatty acid linolenic acid (18,3 n-3) was the most abundant fatty acid (39.2%), followed by oleic acid (18,1 cis-9) (27.8%), and the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (18,2 n-6) (17.3%). The amino acid profile consisted primarily of the nonessential amino acids glutamic acid (18.3%), arginine (11.6%), and aspartic acid (10.8%), followed by the essential amino acids leucine (6.8%), and lysine (5.8%). Essential amino acid content met adult daily requirements for each amino acid. This indicates that sainfoin seeds may be a complete plant protein source. However, further research is necessary to better understand protein quality, defined by protein digestibility in addition to the amino acid profile. By demonstrating favorable fatty acid and amino acid profiles to human health, these results contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the potential benefits of perennial Baki™ bean, a novel, perennial pulse derived from sainfoins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammet Şakiroğlu
- Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
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Garemo M, Sundh V, Mellström D, Strandvik B. Serum phospholipid fatty acids are associated with bone mass in healthy 4-years-old children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102606. [PMID: 38181601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are involved in bone development but knowledge in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate bone mass and mineral density in healthy preschool children in relation to fatty acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 111 healthy 4-yrs-old children (20 % overweight) bone was analysed by dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum phospholipid fatty acid by gas chromatography. Fat intake was calculated from 7 days self-reported dietary records and food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Total bone mass content (BMC) and mineral density (BMD) differed by sex in normal weight, but not in overweight children showing generally higher bone mass density than children with normal weight. Linoleic acid intake was strongly correlated to BMC and femoral BMD in normal weight children. Serum concentration of docosahexaenoic acid correlated positively to BMD in all children (p = 0.01), but linoleic and arachidonic acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids showed diverging associations with bone in normal weight and overweight children. CONCLUSION Serum phospholipid DHA was associated with bone density. Other fatty acids associations to bone sites differed in overweight children, analogue to the pattern in healthy 8-yrs-old.The finding need to be confirmed longitudinally and in a larger group of overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Garemo
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Valter Sundh
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- University of Gothenburg, Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institutet of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mittal RK, Mishra R, Sharma V, Purohit P. Bioactive Exploration in Functional Foods: Unlocking Nature's Treasures. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1419-1435. [PMID: 38031768 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010282580231120041659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional foods offer an appealing way to improve health and prevent chronic diseases, and this subject has received much attention lately. They are effective in preventing chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity, according to research. OBJECTIVE This work presents an in-depth analysis of functional foods, covering key challenges from a scientific, legal, and commercial perspective. METHODS Multiple databases were searched to find studies on functional foods included in the systematic literature review. Various aspects of functional foods, from their classification, impact on human wellness, effectiveness in inhibiting chronic diseases, the regulatory environment, global market trends, and industry challenges, are all clarified in this thorough review. RESULTS This study aims to enhance understanding and establish a pathway for functional foods to be acknowledged as valid choices in the field of dietary supplements. It provides a thorough investigation of bioactive compounds present in functional foods, including but not limited to polyphenols, carotenoids, omega fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fiber, along with an overview of their potential to mitigate chronic illnesses. We engage in an in-depth exploration of regulatory frameworks, shed light on groundbreaking research advancements, and meticulously examine strategies for commercialization and the variety of global challenges that accompany them. Establishing scientific consensus, navigating complex regulatory processes, dealing with skeptical consumers, and rising levels of competition are all problems that need to be solved in this field. CONCLUSION The field of functional foods can advance further, promoting better public health outcomes, by deeply comprehending and addressing these complex dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Raghav Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Priyank Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Ribeiro JC, Pintado ME, Cunha LM. Consumption of edible insects and insect-based foods: A systematic review of sensory properties and evoked emotional response. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13247. [PMID: 38284589 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Low consumer acceptance of edible insects and insect-based products is one of the main barriers to the successful implementation of entomophagy in Western countries. This rejection is mainly caused by consumers' negative emotional responses, psychological/personality traits, and attitudes toward food choices. However, as the role of intrinsic product characteristics on such food choices has not been adequately studied, a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA method, to analyze studies that have assessed hedonic evaluations, sensory profiling, or emotional responses to edible insects or insect-based products. The majority of studies performed with whole insects and insect flour highlight that insect-based products are more negatively evaluated than control products. Although the sensory properties of insects are affected by species and processing conditions, they are generally negative across sensory dimensions. In particular, insects and insect-based products are generally associated with odor and flavor/taste attributes that are related to old/spoiled food. These negative attributes can be linked to the fat fraction of edible insects, with insect oils being very negatively evaluated by consumers. On the other hand, defatted fractions and deodorized oils are not associated with these negative attributes, further supporting the hypothesis that the fat fraction is responsible for the negative odor and flavor/taste attributes. However, there is still a lack of studies assessing the sensory profile of edible insects and insect-based products, as well as consumers' emotional responses to their consumption. Future studies should focus on the effects of different processing conditions, products incorporating insect fractions (namely protein concentrates/isolates and defatted fractions), and evaluation by target consumer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Ribeiro
- GreenUPorto/INOV4Agro & DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M Cunha
- GreenUPorto/INOV4Agro & DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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Akbar S, Rahman A, Ahmad N, Imran M, Hafeez Z. Understanding the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Development and Prevention of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:57-93. [PMID: 39133404 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have received much attention owing to their multifaceted effects not only in the management of diverse pathological conditions but also in the maintenance of overall health of an individual. A disproportionately high n-6 to n-3 ratio contributes to the development of various disorders including cancer, which ranks as a leading cause of death worldwide with profound social and economic burden. Epidemiological studies and clinical trials combined with the animal and cell culture models have demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in reducing the risk of various cancer types including breast, prostate and colon cancer. The anti-cancer actions of n-3 PUFAs are mainly attributed to their role in the modulation of a wide array of cellular processes including membrane dynamics, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, gene expression and signal transduction pathways. On the contrary, n-6 PUFAs have been shown to exert pro-tumor actions; however, the inconsistent findings and controversial data emphasize upon the need to further investigation. Nevertheless, one of the biggest challenges in future is to optimize the n-6 to n-3 ratio despite the genetic predisposition, age, gender and disease severity. Moreover, a better understanding of the potential risks and benefits as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the basic actions of these PUFAs is required to explore their role as adjuvants in cancer therapy. All these aspects will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Akbar
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
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Duan H, Yan W. Visual fatigue a comprehensive review of mechanisms of occurrence, animal model design and nutritional intervention strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 38153314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2298789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
When the eyes work intensively, it is easy to have eye discomfort such as blurred vision, soreness, dryness, and tearing, that is, visual fatigue. Visual fatigue not only affects work and study efficiency, but long-term visual fatigue can also easily affect physical and mental health. In recent years, with the popularization of electronic products, although it has brought convenience to the office and study, it has also caused more frequent visual fatigue among people who use electronic devices. Moreover, studies have reported that the number of people with visual fatigue is showing a trend of increasing year by year. The range of people involved is also extensive, especially students, people who have been engaged in computer work and fine instruments (such as microscopes) for a long time, and older adults with aging eye function. More and more studies have proposed that supplementation with the proper nutrients can effectively relieve visual fatigue and promote eye health. This review discusses the physiological mechanisms of visual fatigue and the design ideas of animal experiments from the perspective of modern nutritional science. Functional food ingredients with the ability to alleviate visual fatigue are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
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Hao L, Chen CY, Nie YH, Kaliannan K, Kang JX. Differential Interventional Effects of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Hepatic Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17261. [PMID: 38139090 PMCID: PMC10743920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend replacing saturated fat (SFA) intake with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monosaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) but do not specify the type of PUFAs, which consist of two functionally distinct classes: omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. Given that modern Western diets are already rich in n-6 PUFAs and the risk of chronic disease remains high today, we hypothesized that increased intake of n-3 PUFAs, rather than n-6 PUFAs, would be a beneficial intervention against obesity and related liver diseases caused by high-fat diets. To test this hypothesis, we fed C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HF) for 10 weeks to induce obesity, then divided the obese mice into three groups and continued feeding for another 10 weeks with one of the following three diets: HF, HF+n-6 (substituted half of SFA with n-6 PUFAs), and HF+n-3 (substituted half of SFA with n-3 PUFAs), followed by assessment of body weight, fat mass, insulin sensitivity, hepatic pathology, and lipogenesis. Interestingly, we found that the HF+n-6 group, like the HF group, had a continuous increase in body weight and fat mass, while the HF+n-3 group had a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass, although all groups had the same calorie intake. Accordingly, insulin resistance and fatty liver pathology (steatosis and fat levels) were evident in the HF+n-6 and HF groups but barely seen in the HF+n-3 group. Furthermore, the expression of lipogenesis-related genes in the liver was upregulated in the HF+n-6 group but downregulated in the HF+n-3 group. Our findings demonstrate that n-6 PUFAs and n-3 PUFAs have differential effects on obesity and fatty liver disease and highlight the importance of increasing n-3 PUFAs and reducing n-6 PUFAs (balancing the n-6/n-3 ratio) in clinical interventions and dietary guidelines for the management of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Nie
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Kanakaraju Kaliannan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (L.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Omega-3 and Global Health Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Lakshimi VI, Kavitha M. New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:813-829. [PMID: 37996669 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the two essential long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) promoting human health which are obtained from diet or supplementation. The eicosanoids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs have opposite characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The proinflammatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs are behind the pathology of the adverse health conditions of PUFA metabolism like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. A balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 1-4:1 is critical to prevent the associated disorders. But due to modern agricultural practices, there is a disastrous shift in this ratio to 10-20:1. This review primarily aims to discuss the myriad health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs uncovered through recent research. It further manifests the importance of maintaining a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio. RECENT FINDINGS ω-3 PUFAs exhibit protective effects against diabetes mellitus-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria. COVID-19 is also not an exception to the health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. Supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs improved the respiratory and clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. ω-3 PUFAs exhibit a variety of health benefits including anti-inflammatory property and antimicrobial property and are effective in protecting against various health conditions like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. In the present review, various health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs are extensively reviewed and summarized. Further, the importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio has been emphasized besides stating the diverse sources of ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Iswareya Lakshimi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tureck C, Retondario A, de Moura Souza A, Barboza BP, Bricarello LP, Alves MDA, de Vasconcelos FDAG. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids food intake and metabolic syndrome in adolescents 12 to 17 years old: A school-based cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:178-185. [PMID: 38057003 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acids (FAs) of the omega-3 and omega-6 family are considered essential, and adequate intake seems to be associated with lower risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective was to evaluate the association of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs dietary intake with the prevalence of MS and its components waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and High Density Lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-c) in Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years. METHODS This is a school-based cross-sectional investigation, using data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), carried out between 2013 and 2014. The following variables were collected and assessed: 1) sociodemographic (sex, age, type of school, school location whether urban or rural and region of the country); 2) food consumption was measured through a 24-h Food Recall (24 hR), and a second 24 hR was applied to 7% of the total sample; 3) anthropometrics (weight, height, WC), BP and biochemical (glycemia, triglycerides and HDL-c) were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed according to gender and age group. RESULTS A total of 36,751 adolescents participated in the study. The intake of omega-3 FAs in the total population was 1.71 g/day and of omega-6 FAs, 13.56 g/day, with an omega-6/omega-3 ratio of 7.93:1. It was found that higher intake of omega-3 FAs was associated with an 53% lower chance of low HDL-c. For omega-6 FAs, no significant results were found. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated an association between omega-3 FAs and HDL-c. More studies are needed to elucidate the effects of omega-6 FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tureck
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), M.S. Graduate Program in Nutrition, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Anabelle Retondario
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Department of Nutrition, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Moura Souza
- Institute of Studies on Collective Health, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Paz Barboza
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), M.S. Graduate Program in Nutrition, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Paula Bricarello
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Post-Doctoral Student in the Graduate Program in Nutrition, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mariane de Almeida Alves
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), A Doctoral Student in the Graduate Program in Public Health Nutrition, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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50
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W, Podsiadło C, Tokarczyk G, Biernacka P, Bienkiewicz G. Nutritional Value of Banded Cricket and Mealworm Larvae. Foods 2023; 12:4174. [PMID: 38002231 PMCID: PMC10670232 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect farming is more ecological than traditional animal farming, as it requires less water and contributes to lower greenhouse gas emissions. In our study, banded cricket (BC) and mealworm larvae (ML) were analyzed. The proximate composition was determined according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The mineral content was determined by colorimetry and mass spectrometry. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained from the samples and separated using a gas chromatography apparatus, coupled with a mass spectrometer. Our research confirmed that insects are a rich source of protein, with ML containing significantly more protein than BC (74.41 and 65.66 g/100 g dry matter (DM), respectively). In terms of the content of macrominerals, ML was significantly richer than BC, especially in terms of magnesium content (8.75 g/100 g DM). In terms of the content of saturated fatty acids, BC contained almost twice as much as ML (40.05 and 24.74% of the sum of fatty acids, respectively). EPA and DHA were only detected in the fat of BC. The presented results prove that both ML and BC can be good sources of protein both in human and companion animal diets. The component that is predominantly high in insects is fat, with a favorable fatty acid profile, especially in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study contributes new knowledge on the nutritional value of edible insects. In this research, we included three different nitrogen conversion factors for crude protein content. Our results partially confirm previous studies by other authors, although they provide new information on the content of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- Department of Agroengineering, Division of Irrigation, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Tokarczyk
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 4, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrycja Biernacka
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 4, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Bienkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science, Quality Assessment, Process Engineering and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 4, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
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