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Chen C, Yu W, Xu X, Wang Y, Wang B, Xu S, Lan Q, Wang Y. Research Advancements in Salt Tolerance of Cucurbitaceae: From Salt Response to Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9051. [PMID: 39201741 PMCID: PMC11354715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization severely limits the quality and productivity of economic crops, threatening global food security. Recent advancements have improved our understanding of how plants perceive, signal, and respond to salt stress. The discovery of the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway has been crucial in revealing the molecular mechanisms behind plant salinity tolerance. Additionally, extensive research into various plant hormones, transcription factors, and signaling molecules has greatly enhanced our knowledge of plants' salinity tolerance mechanisms. Cucurbitaceae plants, cherished for their economic value as fruits and vegetables, display sensitivity to salt stress. Despite garnering some attention, research on the salinity tolerance of these plants remains somewhat scattered and disorganized. Consequently, this article offers a review centered on three aspects: the salt response of Cucurbitaceae under stress; physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress; and the current research status of their molecular mechanisms in economically significant crops, like cucumbers, watermelons, melon, and loofahs. Additionally, some measures to improve the salt tolerance of Cucurbitaceae crops are summarized. It aims to provide insights for the in-depth exploration of Cucurbitaceae's salt response mechanisms, uncovering the roles of salt-resistant genes and fostering the cultivation of novel varieties through molecular biology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Chen
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shiyong Xu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qingkuo Lan
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.C.); (W.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (B.W.); (S.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
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Ferrández-Gómez B, Jordá JD, Cerdán M, Sánchez-Sánchez A. Enhancing Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) through Silicon Application in Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1415. [PMID: 38794485 PMCID: PMC11125711 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, necessitating innovative agronomic strategies to mitigate its impact. This study focuses on improving salt stress resistance in tomato plants through the application of silicon (Si) in roots. A greenhouse experiment was carried out under normal conditions (control, and 1 and 4 mM Si) and under salinity stress (salt control, and 1 and 4 mM Si). Various parameters were analyzed in leaves and roots. Under normal conditions, tomato plants grown in non-saline conditions exhibited some toxicity when exposed to Na2SiO3. As for the experiments under salt stress conditions, Si mitigated oxidative damage, preserving root cell membrane integrity. The concentration of malondialdehyde was reduced by 69.5%, that of proline was reduced by 56.4% and there was a 57.6% decrease in catalase activity for tomato plants treated with 1 mM Si under salt stress. Furthermore, Fe uptake and distribution, under salt conditions, increased from 91 to 123 mg kg-1, the same concentration as that obtained for the normal control. In all cases, the lower dose produced better results under normal conditions than the 4 mM dose. In summary, this research provides a potential application of Si in non-fertigated crop systems through a radicular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ferrández-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (B.F.-G.); (J.D.J.); (M.C.)
| | - Juana D. Jordá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (B.F.-G.); (J.D.J.); (M.C.)
- Institute for Environmental Studies Ramon Margalef, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mar Cerdán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (B.F.-G.); (J.D.J.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (B.F.-G.); (J.D.J.); (M.C.)
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Hualpa-Ramirez E, Carrasco-Lozano EC, Madrid-Espinoza J, Tejos R, Ruiz-Lara S, Stange C, Norambuena L. Stress salinity in plants: New strategies to cope with in the foreseeable scenario. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108507. [PMID: 38467083 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The excess of salts in soils causes stress in most plants, except for some halophytes that can tolerate higher levels of salinity. The excess of Na+ generates an ionic imbalance, reducing the K+ content and altering cellular metabolism, thus impacting in plant growth and development. Additionally, salinity in soil induces water stress due to osmotic effects and increments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that affect the cellular structure, damaging membranes and proteins, and altering the electrochemical potential of H+, which directly affects nutrient absorption by membrane transporters. However, plants possess mechanisms to overcome the toxicity of the sodium ions, such as internalization into the vacuole or exclusion from the cell, synthesis of enzymes or protective compounds against ROS, and the synthesis of metabolites that help to regulate the osmotic potential of plants. Physiologic and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants will be addressed in this review. Furthermore, a revision of strategies taken by researchers to confer salt stress tolerance on agriculturally important species are discussed. These strategies include conventional breeding and genetic engineering as transgenesis and genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Hualpa-Ramirez
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Ricardo Tejos
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudia Stange
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Jameel J, Anwar T, Majeed S, Qureshi H, Siddiqi EH, Sana S, Zaman W, Ali HM. Effect of salinity on growth and biochemical responses of brinjal varieties: implications for salt tolerance and antioxidant mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38383291 PMCID: PMC10880304 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Salinity poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, impacting crops' growth, morphology and biochemical parameters. A pot experiment of three months was conducted between February to April 2023 in the Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Four brinjal (eggplant) varieties: ICS-BR-1351, HBR-313-D, HBR-314-E, and HBR-334-D were selected and assessed for the effects of salinity on various growth and biochemical attributes. The experiment was completely randomized in design with three replicates each. This study revealed that increased salinity significantly reduced the shoot length, root length, and leaf number across all varieties, with maximum adverse effects observed at a 300mM NaCl concentration. Among the tested varieties, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated superior performance in most growth parameters, suggesting potential salt tolerance. Biochemically, salinity decreased chlorophyll content across all varieties, with the sharpest decline observed at the highest salt concentration. V4 (HBR-334-D) showed a 57% decrease in chlorophyll followed by V3 (HBR-314-E) at 56%, V2 (HBR-313-D) at 54%, and V1 (ICS-BR-1351) at 33% decrease at maximum salt levels as compared to control. Conversely, carotenoid content increased up to -42.11% in V3 followed by V2 at -81.48%, V4 at -94.11%, and - 233% in V1 at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to respective controls. V3 (HBR-314-E) has the maximum value for carotenoids while V1 has the lowest value for carotenoids as compared to the other three brinjal varieties. In addition to pigments, the study indicated a salinity-induced decrease in total proteins and total soluble sugar, whereas total amino acids and flavonoids increased. Total proteins showed a decrease in V2 (49.46%) followed by V3 (36.44%), V4 (53.42%), and V1 (53.79%) at maximum salt concentration as compared to plants treated with tap water only. Whereas, total soluble sugars showed a decrease of 52.07% in V3, 41.53% in V2, 19.49% in V1, and 18.99% in V4 at the highest salt level. While discussing total amino acid, plants showed a -9.64% increase in V1 as compared to V4 (-31.10%), V2 (-36.62%), and V3 (-22.61%) with high salt levels in comparison with controls. Plant flavonoid content increased in V3 (-15.61%), V2 (-19.03%), V4 (-18.27%) and V1 (-27.85%) at 300mM salt concentration. Notably, salinity elevated the content of anthocyanin, lycopene, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) across all varieties. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased under salt stress, suggesting an adaptive response to combat oxidative damage. However, V3 (HBR-314-E) has shown an increase in anthocyanin at -80.00%, lycopene at -24.81%, MDA at -168.04%, hydrogen peroxide at -24.22%, POD at -10.71%, CAT as-36.63 and SOD as -99.14% at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to control and other varieties. The enhanced accumulation of antioxidants and other protective compounds suggests an adaptive mechanism in brinjal to combat salt-induced oxidative stress. The salt tolerance of different brinjal varieties was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the order of salt tolerance was V1 (ICS-BR-1351) > V4 (HBR-334-D), > V2 (HBR-313-D) > V3 (HBR-314-E). Among the varieties studied, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated resilience against saline conditions, potentially offering a promising candidate for saline-prone agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Jameel
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sundas Sana
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nie W, Gong B, Geng B, Wen D, Qiao P, Guo H, Shi Q. The Effects of Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide on the Germination of Cucumber Seeds under NaHCO 3 Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38337927 PMCID: PMC10856843 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This investigation focused on the suppressive impact of varying NaHCO3 concentrations on cucumber seed germination and the ameliorative effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide (EBR). The findings revealed a negative correlation between NaHCO3 concentration and cucumber seed germination, with increased NaHCO3 concentrations leading to a notable decline in germination. Crucially, the application of exogenous EBR significantly counteracted this inhibition, effectively enhancing germination rates and seed vigor. Exogenous EBR was observed to substantially elevate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), thereby mitigating oxidative damage triggered under NaHCO3 stress conditions. Additionally, EBR improved enzyme activity under alkaline stress conditions and reduced starch content in the seeds. Pertinently, EBR upregulated genes that were associated with gibberellin (GA) synthesis (GA20ox and GA3ox), and downregulated genes that were linked to abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis (NCED1 and NCED2). This led to an elevation in GA3 concentration and a reduction in ABA concentration within the cucumber seeds. Therefore, this study elucidates that alleviating oxidative stress, promoting starch catabolism, and regulating the GA and ABA balance are key mechanisms through which exogenous EBR mitigates the suppression of cucumber seed germination resulting from alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Nie
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Biao Gong
- Stage Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Bing Geng
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Dan Wen
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Peng Qiao
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Hongen Guo
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Stage Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Kumari S, Nazir F, Maheshwari C, Kaur H, Gupta R, Siddique KHM, Khan MIR. Plant hormones and secondary metabolites under environmental stresses: Enlightening defense molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108238. [PMID: 38064902 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The climatic changes have great threats to sustainable agriculture and require efforts to ensure global food and nutritional security. In this regard, the plant strategic responses, including the induction of plant hormones/plant growth regulators (PGRs), play a substantial role in boosting plant immunity against environmental stress-induced adversities. In addition, secondary metabolites (SMs) have emerged as potential 'stress alleviators' that help plants to adapt against environmental stressors imposing detrimental impacts on plant health and survival. The introduction of SMs in plant biology has shed light on their beneficial effects in mitigating environmental crises. This review explores SMs-mediated plant defense responses and highlights the crosstalk between PGRs and SMs under diverse environmental stressors. In addition, genetic engineering approaches are discussed as a potential revenue to enhance plant hormone-mediated SM production in response to environmental cues. Thus, the present review aims to emphasize the significance of SMs implications with PGRs association and genetic approachability, which could aid in shaping the future strategies that favor agro-ecosystem compatibility under unpredictable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Biochemistry Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
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Altaf MA, Behera B, Mangal V, Singhal RK, Kumar R, More S, Naz S, Mandal S, Dey A, Saqib M, Kishan G, Kumar A, Singh B, Tiwari RK, Lal MK. Tolerance and adaptation mechanism of Solanaceous crops under salinity stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 36356932 DOI: 10.1071/fp22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solanaceous crops act as a source of food, nutrition and medicine for humans. Soil salinity is a damaging environmental stress, causing significant reductions in cultivated land area, crop productivity and quality, especially under climate change. Solanaceous crops are extremely vulnerable to salinity stress due to high water requirements during the reproductive stage and the succulent nature of fruits and tubers. Salinity stress impedes morphological and anatomical development, which ultimately affect the production and productivity of the economic part of these crops. The morpho-physiological parameters such as root-to-shoot ratio, leaf area, biomass production, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, leaf water content are disturbed under salinity stress in Solanaceous crops. Moreover, the synthesis and signalling of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, accumulation of compatible solutes, and osmoprotectant are significant under salinity stress which might be responsible for providing tolerance in these crops. The regulation at the molecular level is mediated by different genes, transcription factors, and proteins, which are vital in the tolerance mechanism. The present review aims to redraw the attention of the researchers to explore the mechanistic understanding and potential mitigation strategies against salinity stress in Solanaceous crops, which is an often-neglected commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Mangal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanket More
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Gopi Kishan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; and ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; and ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Wu M, Zhou Q, Zhou L, Wang J, Ren T, Zheng Y, Lv W, Zhao W. Enhancement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and the Characteristics of Nutrition and Function in White Quinoa through Ultrasound Stress at the Pre-Germination Stage. Foods 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 38201084 PMCID: PMC10778457 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The global production of quinoa has been increasing in recent years. In plant-based foods, ultrasound stress has received increasing attention, owing to its ability to enhance the production of primary and secondary metabolites. We studied the effects of ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation and characteristics of nutrition and function in quinoa. The results showed that ultrasonic conditions of 100 W for 4 min promoted an increase in GABA content by 9.15-fold, to 162.47 ± 6.69 mg/100 g·DW, compared to that of untreated quinoa, through promoting a 10.2% and 71.9% increase in the water absorption and glutamate decarboxylase activity of quinoa, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to untreated quinoa, ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage enhanced the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total saponin contents of quinoa by 10.2%, 33.6%, and 90.7%, to 3.29 mg GA/g·DW, 104.0 mg RE/100 g·DW, and 7.13 mg/g, respectively, without decreasing its basic nutritional quality. Ultrasonic stress caused fissures on the surface of quinoa starch particles. Additionally, germination under ultrasonic stress increased the n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by 14.4%. Furthermore, ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage promoted the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibitions of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase by 14.4%, 14.9%, 24.6%, and 20.0% in vitro, compared to untreated quinoa. The results indicated that the quinoa sprouted via ultrasonic stress could represent a promising method through which to develop nutritionally balanced whole grains rich in GABA, with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, which could provide theoretical support for the development of functional whole-grain foods based on quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ting Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wei Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Semi-Arid Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;
| | - Wen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (M.W.); (Q.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (T.R.); (Y.Z.)
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Raza A, Tabassum J, Fakhar AZ, Sharif R, Chen H, Zhang C, Ju L, Fotopoulos V, Siddique KHM, Singh RK, Zhuang W, Varshney RK. Smart reprograming of plants against salinity stress using modern biotechnological tools. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1035-1062. [PMID: 35968922 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2093695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change gives rise to numerous environmental stresses, including soil salinity. Salinity/salt stress is the second biggest abiotic factor affecting agricultural productivity worldwide by damaging numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. In particular, salinity affects plant growth, development, and productivity. Salinity responses include modulation of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense system induction, and biosynthesis of numerous phytohormones and osmoprotectants to protect plants from osmotic stress by decreasing ion toxicity and augmented reactive oxygen species scavenging. As most crop plants are sensitive to salinity, improving salt tolerance is crucial in sustaining global agricultural productivity. In response to salinity, plants trigger stress-related genes, proteins, and the accumulation of metabolites to cope with the adverse consequence of salinity. Therefore, this review presents an overview of salinity stress in crop plants. We highlight advances in modern biotechnological tools, such as omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches and different genome editing tools (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas system) for improving salinity tolerance in plants and accomplish the goal of "zero hunger," a worldwide sustainable development goal proposed by the FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Zhejiang, China
| | - Ali Zeeshan Fakhar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Luo Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Zhejiang, China
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Crop Diversification and Genetics, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Murdoch's Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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10
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Saleem S, Alghamdi KM, Mushtaq NU, Tahir I, Bahieldin A, Henrissat B, Alghamdi MK, Rehman RU, Hakeem KR. Computational and experimental analysis of foxtail millet under salt stress and selenium supplementation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112695-112709. [PMID: 37837596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major threat to crop growth and productivity. Millets are stress-tolerant crops that can withstand the environmental constraints. Foxtail millet is widely recognized as a drought and salinity-tolerant crop owing to its efficient ROS scavenging mechanism. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes that leads to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detoxification and stabilization of the internal biochemical state of the cell under stress. This inherent capacity of the APX enzyme can further be enhanced by the application of an external mitigant. This study focuses on the impact of salt (NaCl) and selenium (Se) application on the APX enzyme activity of foxtail millet using in silico and in-vitro techniques and mRNA expression studies. The NaCl was applied in the concentrations, i.e., 150 mM and 200 mM, while the Se was applied in 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM concentrations. The in silico studies involved three-dimensional structure modeling and molecular docking. The in vitro studies comprised the morphological and biochemical parameters, alongside mRNA expression studies in foxtail millet under NaCl stress and Se applications. The in silico studies revealed that the APX enzyme showed better interaction with Se as compared to NaCl, thus suggesting the enzyme-modulating role of Se. The morphological and biochemical analysis indicated that Se alleviated the NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) and induced symptoms at 1 µM as compared to 5 and 10 µM by enhancing the morphological parameters, upregulating the gene expression and enzyme activity of APX, and ultimately reducing the H2O2 content significantly. The transcriptomic studies confirmed the upregulation of chloroplastic APX in response to salt stress and selenium supplementation. Hence, it can be concluded that Se as a mitigant at lower concentrations can alleviate NaCl stress in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Saleem
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Khalid M Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ul Mushtaq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Ahmad Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad K Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reiaz Ul Rehman
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
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11
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Ferrández-Gómez B, Jordá JD, Cerdán M, Sánchez A. Valorization of Posidonia oceanica biomass: Role on germination of cucumber and tomato seeds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:634-641. [PMID: 37857050 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are organic compounds from plant sources such as botanical extracts and bioactive substances that promote plant growth, enhance photosynthesis and increase crop quality. The accumulation of detached Posidonia oceanica leaves on coasts of the Mediterranean Sea results in economic problems, due to the rejection of the tourists who frequent the beaches in the summer months. However, it is a plant with high content of secondary metabolites that can be used in sustainable agriculture. In this study we investigated the physicochemical characterization of Posidonia oceanica extracts with three different solutions and their application in tomato and cucumber seeds germination. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Posidonia oceanica had a high concentration of macro and micronutrients, as well as secondary metabolites with bioactive activity. The aqueous extract had a beneficial effect on both leaf and root growth on tomato seeds, specifically, an increase of 76% for the relative root growth and 73% for the germination index was obtained with respect to the control using the sample with the intermediate dilution (POe0.5). In addition, the extracts did not show toxicity to either germination or growth of the tomato plant. As for cucumber seed germination, the improvement was less significant and did result in a phytotoxic effect on both germination and plant growth. The most diluted extract had better results on seed germination. Therefore, the application of aqueous extracts of Posidonia oceanica were suitable to be appropriate for tomato germination and in turn contribute to eliminate the lots of Posidonia oceanica remains recovered in summer months in Mediterranean beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ferrández-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana D Jordá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mar Cerdán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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12
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Melini F, Melini V, Luziatelli F, Abou Jaoudé R, Ficca AG, Ruzzi M. Effect of microbial plant biostimulants on fruit and vegetable quality: current research lines and future perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1251544. [PMID: 37900743 PMCID: PMC10602749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetables hold a prominent place in dietary guidance worldwide and, following the increasing awareness of the importance of their consumption for health, their demand has been on the rise. Fruit and vegetable production needs to be reconsidered so that it can be productive and, meantime, sustainable, resilient, and can deliver healthy and nutritious diets. Microbial plant biostimulants (PBs) are a possible approach to pursuing global food security and agricultural sustainability, and their application emerged as a promising alternative or substitute to the use of agrochemicals (e.g., more efficient use of mineral and organic fertilizers or less demand and more efficient use of pesticides in integrated production systems) and as a new frontier of investigation. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive reviews are currently available on the effects that microbial plant biostimulants' application can have specifically on each horticultural crop. This study thus aimed to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the effects that PBs can have on the morpho-anatomical, biochemical, physiological, and functional traits of the most studied crops. It emerged that most experiments occurred under greenhouse conditions; only a few field trials were carried out. Tomato, lettuce, and basil crops have been primarily treated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), while plant grow-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) metabolites were used for crops, such as strawberries and cucumbers. The literature review also pointed out that crop response to PBs is never univocal. Complex mechanisms related to the PB type, the strain, and the crop botanical family, occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Ficca
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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13
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Silva IGSD, Pappalardo JR, Rocha e Silva NMPD, Converti A, Almeida FCGD, Sarubbo LA. Treatment of Motor Oil-Contaminated Soil with Green Surfactant Using a Mobile Remediation System. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leak of fuels and lubricants occurring during exploration, distribution, refining and storage operations is the major cause of environmental pollution due to petroderivatives dispersion. The quick use of a series of physicochemical and biological techniques is needed to drastically reduce the magnitude of damage provoked by these pollutants. Among them, soil washing proved to be an effective alternative to the remediation of hydrocarbon-polluted sites, mainly if combined with surfactant utilization. However, the direct use of surfactants can lead to problems related to the toxicity and dispersion of the resulting by-products, as the majority of marketed surfactants are produced from oil derivatives. In this context, green surfactants appear as a promising alternative to their synthetic counterpart. In the present study, two green surfactants, i.e., a chemically synthesized biobased surfactant and a Starmerella bombicola biosurfactant, were applied in soil decontamination tests using a concrete mixer-type Mobile Soil Remediation System (MSRS). The system was designed and developed with 3D printing based on bench-scale results. A commercial biosurfactant was formulated based on the microbial surfactant, which was compared with the biobased surfactant in various experimental conditions. A set of factorial designs combined with Response Surface Methodology was used to select the optimal conditions for pollutant removal using the prototype. The following variables were tested: Surfactant type, Surfactant volume, Surfactant dilution, Contaminant concentration, Soil type, Soil mass, Washing duration, Tank tilt angle, Mixing speed, and Type of basket. Under the optimized experimental condition, the commercial biosurfactant allowed to remove 92.4% of the motor oil adsorbed in the sand. These results demonstrate the possibility of using natural surfactants and the development of novel mechanical technologies to degrade hydrocarbons with economic earnings for oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Gonçalves Sales da Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n—Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, n. 31, Prado, Recife 50070-280, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Via Opera Pia, n. 15, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Leonie Asfora Sarubbo
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, n. 31, Prado, Recife 50070-280, PE, Brazil
- Escola Icam Tech, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, Recife 50050-900, PE, Brazil
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14
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Hanif S, Zia M. Glycine betaine capped ZnO NPs eliminate oxidative stress to coriander plants grown under NaCl presence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107651. [PMID: 36989991 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses for sustainable agriculture. The use of mineral nutrients in form of nanoparticles can be a novel strategy to fight against abiotic stresses. An in vitro study has been conducted to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) capped with glycine betaine (ZnOBt) on coriander plants exposed to saline (NaCl) stress. SEM and XRD analysis revealed 14.73 nm and 17.34 nm size of ZnO and ZnOBt NPs, respectively with spherical to hexagonal structures. Coriander plant length and biomass increased by the application of ZnO and ZnOBt NPs. ZnOBt NPs depicted promising results at 100 mg/L where, shoot and root length increased up to 14 cm and 13 cm, respectively as compared to plants grown under saline stress. ZnOBt NPs also increased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots as compared to other treatments. The results depict that ZnOBt NPs mitigated stress condition. This is evident from concentration of phenolic and flavonoid contents that decreased in both roots and shoots. Free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power also decreased in plants by ZnOBt NPs when applied with stress. The concentration of superoxide and peroxide dismutase also decreased by application of ZnOBt NPs to salt stress plants. Glycine betaine with ZnO NPs, in conclusion, can be an effective remedy for salinity-exposed plants. These nanoparticles can be encouraged as a viable technique to overcome the detrimental effects of saline stress on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hanif
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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15
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Zhou X, Huang J, Gan Y, Li Z, Su L, He Z, Yang J, Wang Z, Jiang C, Huang Z, Lu W, Zheng W. Transcriptome Mechanisms of Tomato Seedlings Induced by Low-Red to Far-Red Light Ratio under Calcium Nitrate Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3738. [PMID: 36835148 PMCID: PMC9963801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, the excessive accumulation of nitrate has been one of the main reasons for the secondary salinization of greenhouse soils. Light plays a key role in a plant's growth, development, and response to stress. A low-red to far-red (R:FR) light ratio could enhance plant salinity tolerance, but the mechanism at a molecular level is unclear. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptome responses of tomato seedlings to calcium nitrate stress under either a low R:FR ratio (0.7) or normal light conditions. Under calcium nitrate stress, a low R:FR ratio enhanced both the antioxidant defense system and the rapid physiological accumulation of proline in tomato leaves, which promoted plant adaptability. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three modules including 368 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined to be significantly associated with these plant traits. Functional annotations showed that the responses of these DEGs to a low R:FR ratio under excessive nitrate stress were enriched in the areas of hormone signal transduction, amino acid biosynthesis, sulfide metabolism, and oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, we identified important novel hub genes encoding certain proteins, including FBNs, SULTRs, and GATA-like transcription factor, which may play a vital role in low R:FR light-induced salt responses. These findings offer a new perspective on the mechanisms and environmental implications behind low R:FR ratio light-modulated tomato saline tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yirong Gan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zelin Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lihong Su
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqun He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wangang Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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16
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Roșca M, Mihalache G, Stoleru V. Tomato responses to salinity stress: From morphological traits to genetic changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118383. [PMID: 36909434 PMCID: PMC10000760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is an essential annual crop providing human food worldwide. It is estimated that by the year 2050 more than 50% of the arable land will become saline and, in this respect, in recent years, researchers have focused their attention on studying how tomato plants behave under various saline conditions. Plenty of research papers are available regarding the effects of salinity on tomato plant growth and development, that provide information on the behavior of different cultivars under various salt concentrations, or experimental protocols analyzing various parameters. This review gives a synthetic insight of the recent scientific advances relevant into the effects of salinity on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield, fruit quality parameters, and on gene expression of tomato plants. Notably, the works that assessed the salinity effects on tomatoes were firstly identified in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, followed by their sifter according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and with an emphasis on their results. The assessment of the selected studies pointed out that salinity is one of the factors significantly affecting tomato growth in all stages of plant development. Therefore, more research to find solutions to increase the tolerance of tomato plants to salinity stress is needed. Furthermore, the findings reported in this review are helpful to select, and apply appropriate cropping practices to sustain tomato market demand in a scenario of increasing salinity in arable lands due to soil water deficit, use of low-quality water in farming and intensive agronomic practices.
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17
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Corti E, Falsini S, Schiff S, Tani C, Gonnelli C, Papini A. Saline Stress Impairs Lipid Storage Mobilization during Germination in Eruca sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:366. [PMID: 36679079 PMCID: PMC9862935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization become worse in the last decades, leading to reduced crop yields, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Eruca sativa is a common species cultivated in this area with remarkable economic importance. This study aimed at investigating the effect of salinity on this plant, focusing on (i) seedling development in terms of variations in germination and growth parameters and (ii) anatomical and ultra-structural changes in the morphology of cotyledons. For this reason, seeds were treated with different salinity levels ranging from 137 to 548 mM NaCl. Seed germination was delayed by all the concentrations tested, but only above 137 mM seedling growth was impaired. Results showed a high occurrence of lipid bodies within the mesophyll cells of cotyledons of seedlings exposed to salt concentrations above 137 mM, suggesting an impairment in lipid mobilization caused by salinity during plant development. The cotyledons of treated seedlings showed reduced intercellular spaces and ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts and peroxisomes. Moreover, salt-induced autophagic processes were present in samples grown at the highest NaCl levels. Interestingly, at 137 mM NaCl, seedlings showed the highest values of mesophyll thickness and fresh weight, implying a possible mechanism of salt adaptation during germination.
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18
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Nasif SO, Siddique AB, Siddique AB, Islam MM, Hassan O, Deepo DM, Hossain A. Prospects of endophytic fungi as a natural resource for the sustainability of crop production in the modern era of changing climate. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Lim I, Kang M, Kim BC, Ha J. Metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) sprouts under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030677. [PMID: 36325566 PMCID: PMC9618701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata) sprouts are consumed globally as a healthy food with high nutritional values, having antioxidant and anticancer capacity. Under mild salinity stress, plants accumulate more secondary metabolites to alleviate oxidative stress. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in mungbean sprouts were identified using a reference cultivar, sunhwa, to understand the regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolites in response to salinity stress. Under salinity conditions, the contents of phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites, including catechin, chlorogenic acid, isovitexin, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, and vitexin, significantly increased. Through RNA sequencing, 728 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 20 DEGs were detected in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Among them, 11 DEGs encoding key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites that increased after NaCl treatment were significantly upregulated, including dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (log2FC 1.46), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (1.38), chalcone synthase (1.15), and chalcone isomerase (1.19). Transcription factor families, such as MYB, WRKY, and bHLH, were also identified as upregulated DEGs, which play a crucial role in stress responses in plants. Furthermore, this study showed that mild salinity stress can increase the contents of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in mungbean sprouts through transcriptional regulation of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways. Overall, these findings will provide valuable information for molecular breeders and scientists interested in improving the nutritional quality of sprout vegetables.
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20
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Effect of Selected Physical Parameters of Lignite Substrate on Morphological Attributes, Yield and Quality of Cucumber Fruits Fertigated with High EC Nutrient Solution in Hydroponic Cultivation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly substrates that are biodegradable may provide an alternative to mineral wool, which is commonly used in hydroponic growing technology. Little is known about the relationship between the physical characteristics of lignite substrate and cucumber yield. The study analyzed the effect of bulk density and water holding capacity of lignite substrate in comparison to mineral wool and EC of nutrient solution on plant morphological parameters, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse cucumber. A positive relation was found between the bulk density of lignite mats and the increase in the number of leaves per week, shoot diameter as well as leaf length and leaf area (calculated as the product of leaf length × width) in cucumbers grown in this medium. Bulk density of lignite growing mats also affected the macro- and micro-nutrient content of cucumber leaves. The physical properties of the substrate and the high EC of the medium had a significant effect on the hardness, color and lutein content of cucumber fruits. The content of biologically active compounds in cucumber fruits depended on the water holding capacity of the medium and the water readily available to plants; these parameters were lower in the lignite medium compared to mineral wool. However, when the lignite substrate was used in hydroponic cucumber cultivation, for a period of 51 days after planting (DAP) there was an increase of more than 23% in the bulk density of the substrate and an increase of nearly 55% in the water readily available compared to the new lignite mats.
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21
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Faqir Napar WP, Kaleri AR, Ahmed A, Nabi F, Sajid S, Ćosić T, Yao Y, Liu J, Raspor M, Gao Y. The anthocyanin-rich tomato genotype LA-1996 displays superior efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity and drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153662. [PMID: 35259587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is affected by high soil salinity and drought stress, which cause major yield losses worldwide. In this work, we compare the efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity, and osmotic stress applied as mannitol or drought, in three tomato genotypes: LA-2838 (Ailsa Craig), LA-2662 (Saladette), and LA-1996 (Anthocyanin fruit - Aft), a genotype known for high anthocyanin content. Exposure to salinity or drought induced stress in all three genotypes, but the LA-1996 plants displayed superior tolerance to stress compared with the other two genotypes. They were more efficient in anthocyanin and proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity, and leaf Na+, K+, and Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, they suffered lesser oxidative damage as measured by chlorophyll (Chl) loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and bioassays showed that they were less affected in terms of seed germination and root elongation. Exposure to stress induced the upregulation of stress-related genes SlNCED1, SlAREB1, SlABF4, SlWRKY8, and SlDREB2A more efficiently in LA-1996 than in the two susceptible genotypes. Conversely, the upregulation of the NADPH oxidase gene SlRBOH1 was more pronounced in LA-2838 and LA-2662. Principal component analysis showed obvious distinction between the tolerant genotype LA-1996 and the susceptible LA-2838 and LA-2662 in response to stress, and association of leaf and stem anthocyanin content with major stress tolerance traits. We suggest that anthocyanin accumulation can be considered as a marker of stress tolerance in tomato, and that LA-1996 can be considered for cultivation in salinity- or drought-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wado Photo Faqir Napar
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Awais Ahmed
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Nabi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumbal Sajid
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Bomle DV, Kiran A, Kumar JK, Nagaraj LS, Pradeep CK, Ansari MA, Alghamdi S, Kabrah A, Assaggaf H, Dablool AS, Murali M, Amruthesh KN, Udayashankar AC, Niranjana SR. Plants Saline Environment in Perception with Rhizosphere Bacteria Containing 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111461. [PMID: 34768893 PMCID: PMC8584133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity stress has become a serious roadblock for food production worldwide since it is one of the key factors affecting agricultural productivity. Salinity and drought are predicted to cause considerable loss of crops. To deal with this difficult situation, a variety of strategies have been developed, including plant breeding, plant genetic engineering, and a wide range of agricultural practices, including the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and seed biopriming techniques, to improve the plants' defenses against salinity stress, resulting in higher crop yields to meet future human food demand. In the present review, we updated and discussed the negative effects of salinity stress on plant morphological parameters and physio-biochemical attributes via various mechanisms and the beneficial roles of PGPR with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate(ACC) deaminase activity as green bio-inoculants in reducing the impact of saline conditions. Furthermore, the applications of ACC deaminase-producing PGPR as a beneficial tool in seed biopriming techniques are updated and explored. This strategy shows promise in boosting quick seed germination, seedling vigor and plant growth uniformity. In addition, the contentious findings of the variation of antioxidants and osmolytes in ACC deaminase-producing PGPR treated plants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Vijayrao Bomle
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Asha Kiran
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Jeevitha Kodihalli Kumar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Lavanya Senapathyhalli Nagaraj
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Chamanahalli Kyathegowda Pradeep
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Ahmed Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Anas S. Dablool
- Department of Public Health, Health Science College Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Arakere Chunchegowda Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
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23
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Unrevealing the impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on cucumber seed vigour and surface disinfection. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemicals used for seed treatments help to increase the agricultural production by preventing pests and pathogens but also cause environmental and health problems. Thus, environmentally-friendly technologies need to be developed for a seed treatment that inactivates surface microflora and improves seed vigor. One such pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment applied to cucumber seeds in the range of 1.07-17.28 Joule (J) significantly enhanced a mean germination rate (MGR) by up to 9%, a normal seedling rate by 25.73%, and a resistance to 100 and 200 mM salt stresses by 96% and 91.67%, respectively, with a stronger and faster growth of roots and seedlings. PEF treatment provided 3.34 and 3.22 log-reductions in the surface microflora of total mold and yeast and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) values of the control samples increased over time, from 4 to 24 h. Those of the PEF-treated samples after 4, 12, and 24th hours were also more affected by the measurement time not by the PEF treatment.
The joint optimization of 18 responses based on the best-fit Gaussian process model pointed to 19.78 s and 17.28 J as the optimal settings. The PEF treatment appeared to improve seed germination ability and stress resistance with the adequate inactivation of surface microflora.
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24
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The Physiological and Biochemical Responses of European Chestnut ( Castanea sativa L.) to Blight Fungus ( Cryphonectria parasitica (Murill) Barr). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102136. [PMID: 34685944 PMCID: PMC8537955 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The most important disease of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is chestnut blight caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr which induces yield reduction in Europe and North America. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of C. parasitica infection on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of European chestnut at two different growth stages, 3 and 6 weeks after the infection. The amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoids), the relative chlorophyll content, and the photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) were measured in the leaves above and below the virulent and hypovirulent C. parasitica infections. The highest values were measured in the control leaves, the lowest values were in the leaves of the upper part of virulent necrosis. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline, and malondialdehyde concentrations were also investigated. In each of these measured values, the lowest level was measured in the control leaves, while the highest was in leaves infected with the virulent fungal strain. By measuring all of these stress indicator parameters the responses of chestnut to C. parasitica infection can be monitored and determined. The results of this study showed that the virulent strain caused more pronounced defense responses of chestnut’s defense system. The measured parameter above the infection was more exposed to the blight fungus disease relative to the leaves below the infection.
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25
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Application of Green Surfactants in the Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Hydrocarbons. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the innovative technologies utilized for the treatment of contaminated soils, the use of green surfactants appears to be a biocompatible, efficient, and attractive alternative, since the cleaning processes that normally use synthetic surfactants as additives cause other problems due to toxicity and the accumulation of by-products. Three green surfactants, i.e., two biobased (biobased 1 and biobased 2) surfactants produced by chemical synthesis and a microbial surfactant produced from the yeast Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214, were used as soil remediation agents and compared to a synthetic surfactant (Tween 80). The three surfactants were tested for their ability to emulsify, disperse, and remove different hydrophobic contaminants. The biosurfactant, which was able to reduce the water surface tension to 32.30 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration of 0.65 g/L, was then used to prepare a commercial formulation that showed lower toxicity to the tested environmental bioindicators and lower dispersion capacity than the biobased surfactants. All the green surfactants showed great emulsification capacity, especially against motor oil and petroleum. Therefore, their potential to remove motor oil adsorbed on different types of soils (sandy, silty, and clay soil and beach sand) was investigated either in kinetic (flasks) or static (packed columns) experiments. The commercial biosurfactant formulation showed excellent effectiveness in removing motor oil, especially from contaminated sandy soil (80.0 ± 0.46%) and beach sand (65.0 ± 0.14%) under static conditions, while, in the kinetic experiments, the commercial biosurfactant and the biobased 2 surfactant were able to remove motor oil from all the contaminated soils tested more effectively than the biobased 1 surfactant. Finally, the S. bombicola commercial biosurfactant was evaluated as a soil bioremediation agent. In degradation experiments carried out on motor oil-contaminated soils enriched with sugarcane molasses, oil degradation yield in the sandy soil reached almost 90% after 60 days in the presence of the commercial biosurfactant, while it did not exceed 20% in the presence of only S. bombicola cells. These results promise to contribute to the development of green technologies for the treatment of hydrophobic pollutants with economic gains for the oil industries.
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Stefanov MA, Rashkov GD, Yotsova EK, Borisova PB, Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL. Different Sensitivity Levels of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071469. [PMID: 34371672 PMCID: PMC8309219 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of different NaCl concentrations (0-250 mM) on the photosynthesis of new hybrid lines of maize (Zea mays L. Kerala) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Shamal) were investigated. Salt-induced changes in the functions of photosynthetic apparatus were assessed using chlorophyll a fluorescence (PAM and OJIP test) and P700 photooxidation. Greater differences between the studied species in response to salinization were observed at 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl. The data revealed the stronger influence of maize in comparison to sorghum on the amount of closed PSII centers (1-qp) and their efficiency (Φexc), as well as on the effective quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion of PSII (ΦPSII). Changes in the effective antenna size of PSII (ABS/RC), the electron flux per active reaction center (REo/RC) and the electron transport flux further QA (ETo/RC) were also registered. These changes in primary PSII photochemistry influenced the electron transport rate (ETR) and photosynthetic rate (parameter RFd), with the impacts being stronger in maize than sorghum. Moreover, the lowering of the electron transport rate from QA to the PSI end electron acceptors (REo/RC) and the probability of their reduction (φRo) altered the PSI photochemical activity, which influenced photooxidation of P700 and its decay kinetics. The pigment content and stress markers of oxidative damage were also determined. The data revealed a better salt tolerance of sorghum than maize, associated with the structural alterations in the photosynthetic membranes and the stimulation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI at higher NaCl concentrations. The relationships between the decreased pigment content, increased levels of stress markers and different inhibition levels of the function of both photosystems are discussed.
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27
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Islam MJ, Ryu BR, Azad MOK, Rahman MH, Rana MS, Lim JD, Lim YS. Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1313. [PMID: 34203403 PMCID: PMC8309092 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
- Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi 6620, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Md. Soyel Rana
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Jung-Dae Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Young-Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.J.I.); (B.R.R.); (M.O.K.A.); (M.H.R.); (M.S.R.)
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28
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Sarri E, Termentzi A, Abraham EM, Papadopoulos GK, Baira E, Machera K, Loukas V, Komaitis F, Tani E. Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of M. sativa, M. arborea and Their Hybrid (Alborea). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094882. [PMID: 34063053 PMCID: PMC8124458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only Medicago truncatula, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while research regarding salinity responses of two important forage legumes of Medicago sativa (M. sativa) and Medicago arborea (M. arborea) has been limited. In the present work, differences between M. arborea, M. sativa and their hybrid Alborea were studied regarding growth parameters and metabolomic responses. The entries were subjected to three different treatments: (1) no NaCl application (control plants), (2) continuous application of 100 mM NaCl (acute stress) and (3) gradual application of NaCl at concentrations of 50-75-150 mM by increasing NaCl concentration every 10 days. According to the results, M. arborea maintained steady growth in all three treatments and appeared to be more resistant to salinity. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrated that M. arborea presented a different metabolic profile from that of M. sativa and their hybrid. In general, it was found that under acute and gradual stress, M. sativa overexpressed saponins in the shoots while M. arborea overexpressed saponins in the roots, which is the part of the plant where most of the saponins are produced and overexpressed. Alborea did not perform well, as more metabolites were downregulated than upregulated when subjected to salinity stress. Finally, saponins and hydroxycinnamic acids were key players of increased salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Sarri
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Aikaterini Termentzi
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Eleni M. Abraham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George K. Papadopoulos
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Eirini Baira
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Vassilis Loukas
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Fotios Komaitis
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Tani
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (G.K.P.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294625
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29
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a technology that generates large amounts of data and contributes to obtaining wide and integral explanations of the biochemical state of a living organism. Plants are continuously affected by abiotic stresses such as water scarcity, high temperatures and high salinity, and metabolomics has the potential for elucidating the response-to-stress mechanisms and develop resistance strategies in affected cultivars. This review describes the characteristics of each of the stages of metabolomic studies in plants and the role of metabolomics in the characterization of the response of various plant species to abiotic stresses.
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30
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Hamooh BT, Sattar FA, Wellman G, Mousa MAA. Metabolomic and Biochemical Analysis of Two Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Exposed to In Vitro Osmotic and Salt Stresses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010098. [PMID: 33418964 PMCID: PMC7825055 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many crop production areas are threatened by drought and salinity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to these challenging environmental conditions. In this study, an in vitro approach was employed to compare the tolerance of potato cultivars ‘BARI-401’ (red skin) and ‘Spunta’ (yellow skin). To simulate ionic and osmotic stress, MS media was supplemented with lithium chloride (LiCl 20 mM) and mannitol (150 mM). GC-MS and spectrophotometry techniques were used to determine metabolite accumulation. Other biochemical properties, such as total phenols concentration (TPC), total flavonoids concentration (TFC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities, were also measured. The two cultivars respond differently to ionic and osmotic stress treatments, with Spunta accumulating more defensive metabolites in response, indicating a higher level of tolerance. While further investigation of the physiological and biochemical responses of these varieties to drought and salinity is required, the approach taken in this paper provides useful information prior to open field evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahget Talat Hamooh
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farooq Abdul Sattar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or (F.A.S.); (M.A.A.M.)
| | - Gordon Wellman
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Vegetables, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (F.A.S.); (M.A.A.M.)
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31
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Peng Z, Wang Y, Geng G, Yang R, Yang Z, Yang C, Xu R, Zhang Q, Kakar KU, Li Z, Zhang S. Comparative Analysis of Physiological, Enzymatic, and Transcriptomic Responses Revealed Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance and Recovery in Tritipyrum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:800081. [PMID: 35069658 PMCID: PMC8766340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress results in the severe decline of yield and quality in wheat. In the present study, salt-tolerant Tritipyrum ("Y1805") and salt-sensitive wheat "Chinese Spring" ("CS") were selected from 121 wheat germplasms to test their physiological, antioxidant enzyme, and transcriptomic responses and mechanisms against salt stress and recovery. 56 chromosomes were identified in "Y1805" that comprised A, B, and D chromosomes from wheat parent and E chromosomes from Thinopyrum elongatum, adding to salt-tolerant trait. Salt stress had a greater inhibitory effect on roots than on shoots, and "Y1805" demonstrated stronger salt tolerance than "CS." Compared with "CS," the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in "Y1805" significantly increased under salt stress. "Y1805" could synthesize more proline and soluble sugars than "CS." Both the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a/b were affected by salt stress, though the level of damage in "Y1805" was significantly less than in "CS." Transcriptome analysis showed that the differences in the transcriptional regulatory networks of "Y1805" were not only in response to salt stress but also in recovery. The functions of many salt-responsive differentially expressed genes were correlated closely with the pathways "peroxisome," "arginine and proline metabolism," "starch and sucrose metabolism," "chlorophyll and porphyrin metabolism," and "photosynthesis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Research Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangdong Geng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunmiao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruhong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaleem U. Kakar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Li,
| | - Suqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, China
- Suqin Zhang,
| |
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