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Rodriguez NR, Fortune T, Hegde E, Weinstein MP, Keane AM, Mangold JF, Swartz TH. Oxidative phosphorylation in HIV-1 infection: impacts on cellular metabolism and immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360342. [PMID: 38529284 PMCID: PMC10962326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) presents significant challenges to the immune system, predominantly characterized by CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the viral load in people with HIV (PWH), leading to a state of chronic infection that is associated with inflammation. This review explores the complex relationship between oxidative phosphorylation, a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular energy production, and HIV-1, emphasizing the dual impact of HIV-1 infection and the metabolic and mitochondrial effects of ART. The review highlights how HIV-1 infection disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, promoting glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis to facilitate viral replication. ART can exacerbate metabolic dysregulation despite controlling viral replication, impacting mitochondrial DNA synthesis and enhancing reactive oxygen species production. These effects collectively contribute to significant changes in oxidative phosphorylation, influencing immune cell metabolism and function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated through oxidative phosphorylation can influence the metabolic landscape of infected cells through ATP-detected purinergic signaling and contributes to immunometabolic dysfunction. Future research should focus on identifying specific targets within this pathway and exploring the role of purinergic signaling in HIV-1 pathogenesis to enhance HIV-1 treatment modalities, addressing both viral infection and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Talia H. Swartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Mu W, Patankar V, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Examining Chronic Inflammation, Immune Metabolism, and T Cell Dysfunction in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38399994 PMCID: PMC10893210 DOI: 10.3390/v16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant challenge to global public health. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, a definitive cure remains elusive. One of the key features of HIV infection is chronic immune activation and inflammation, which are strongly associated with, and predictive of, HIV disease progression, even in patients successfully treated with suppressive ART. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation, immune cell metabolic dysregulation, and cellular exhaustion and dysfunction. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the interplay between chronic inflammation, immune metabolism, and T cell dysfunction in HIV infection, and also discusses the use of humanized mice models to study HIV immune pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Patankar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Kishimoto N, Misumi S. From Glycolysis to Viral Defense: The Multifaceted Impact of Glycolytic Enzymes on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:905-911. [PMID: 38692867 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Viruses require host cells to replicate and proliferate, which indicates that viruses hijack the cellular machinery. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primarily infects CD4-positive T cells, and efficiently uses cellular proteins to replicate. Cells already have proteins that inhibit the replication of the foreign HIV-1, but their function is suppressed by viral proteins. Intriguingly, HIV-1 infection also changes the cellular metabolism to aerobic glycolysis. This phenomenon has been interpreted as a cellular response to maintain homeostasis during viral infection, yet HIV-1 efficiently replicates even in this environment. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of glycolytic enzymes in viral replication and the impact of aerobic glycolysis on viral infection by introducing various host proteins involved in viral replication. Furthermore, we would like to propose a "glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-induced shock (G-shock) and kill strategy" that maximizes the antiviral effect of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to eliminate latently HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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4
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Zhang J, Yuan Z, Li X, Wang F, Wei X, Kang Y, Mo C, Jiang J, Liang H, Ye L. Activation of the JNK/COX-2/HIF-1α axis promotes M1 macrophage via glycolytic shift in HIV-1 infection. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302148. [PMID: 37798121 PMCID: PMC10556724 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a major risk factor for the severity of HIV infection. Whether metabolism reprogramming of macrophages caused by HIV-1 is related to chronic inflammatory activation, especially M1 polarization of macrophages, is inconclusive. Here, we show that HIV-1 infection induces M1 polarization and enhanced glycolysis in macrophages. Blockade of glycolysis inhibits M1 polarization of macrophages, indicating that HIV-1-induced M1 polarization is supported by enhanced glycolysis. Moreover, we find that this immunometabolic adaptation is dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a strong inducer of glycolysis. HIF-1α-target genes, including HK2, PDK1, and LDHA, are also involved in this process. Further research discovers that COX-2 regulates HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis. However, the elevated expression of COX-2, enhanced glycolysis, and M1 polarization of macrophages could be reversed by inactivation of JNK in the context of HIV-1 infection. Our study mechanistically elucidates that the JNK/COX-2/HIF-1α axis is activated to strengthen glycolysis, thereby promoting M1 polarization in macrophages in HIV-1 infection, providing a new idea for resolving chronic inflammation in clinical AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Zhang
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuanrong Li
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueqin Wei
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiwen Kang
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuye Mo
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- https://ror.org/03dveyr97 Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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5
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Esperante D, Gutiérrez MIM, Issa ME, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Mendlovic F. Similarities and divergences in the metabolism of immune cells in cancer and helminthic infections. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251355. [PMID: 38044996 PMCID: PMC10690632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energetic and nutritional requirements play a crucial role in shaping the immune cells that infiltrate tumor and parasite infection sites. The dynamic interaction between immune cells and the microenvironment, whether in the context of tumor or helminth infection, is essential for understanding the mechanisms of immunological polarization and developing strategies to manipulate them in order to promote a functional and efficient immune response that could aid in the treatment of these conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the immune response triggered during tumorigenesis and establishment of helminth infections, highlighting the transition to chronicity in both cases. We discuss the energetic demands of immune cells under normal conditions and in the presence of tumors and helminths. Additionally, we compare the metabolic changes that occur in the tumor microenvironment and the infection site, emphasizing the alterations that are induced to redirect the immune response, thereby promoting the survival of cancer cells or helminths. This emerging discipline provides valuable insights into disease pathogenesis. We also provide examples of novel strategies to enhance immune activity by targeting metabolic pathways that shape immune phenotypes, with the aim of achieving positive outcomes in cancer and helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Esperante
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Itzel Martínez Gutiérrez
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark E. Issa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Alejandro Schcolnik-Cabrera
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
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6
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Alam S, Doherty E, Ortega-Prieto P, Arizanova J, Fets L. Membrane transporters in cell physiology, cancer metabolism and drug response. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050404. [PMID: 38037877 PMCID: PMC10695176 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
By controlling the passage of small molecules across lipid bilayers, membrane transporters influence not only the uptake and efflux of nutrients, but also the metabolic state of the cell. With more than 450 members, the Solute Carriers (SLCs) are the largest transporter super-family, clustering into families with different substrate specificities and regulatory properties. Cells of different types are, therefore, able to tailor their transporter expression signatures depending on their metabolic requirements, and the physiological importance of these proteins is illustrated by their mis-regulation in a number of disease states. In cancer, transporter expression is heterogeneous, and the SLC family has been shown to facilitate the accumulation of biomass, influence redox homeostasis, and also mediate metabolic crosstalk with other cell types within the tumour microenvironment. This Review explores the roles of membrane transporters in physiological and malignant settings, and how these roles can affect drug response, through either indirect modulation of sensitivity or the direct transport of small-molecule therapeutic compounds into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alam
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Emily Doherty
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paula Ortega-Prieto
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Arizanova
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Louise Fets
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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7
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Khalil SM, Eltaramsy A, Hegazi MM, Mohamed TM, Alwasel S, Salem ML. Time-dependent changes in the glycolytic pathway in activated T cells are independent of tumor burden or anti-cancer chemotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110622. [PMID: 37451014 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although activated adoptive T cells therapy (ATC) is an effective approach for cancer treatment, it is not clear how modulation of T cell activation impacts their biochemical signature which significantly impacts the cell function. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of polyclonal activation on the metabolic signature of T cells from tumor-bearing mice under different settings of treatment with chemotherapy. Thirty female Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/each), Gp1(PBS), groups Gp2 were inoculated intraperitoneal (i.p) with 1 × 106 cells/mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), Gp3-Gp5 were treated with cisplatin (20 mg/mice) which were represented as EAC/CIS/1wk Or EAC/CIS/2wk 3 times every other day. Splenocytes were cultured in or presence of concanavalin-A (Con-A) and IL-2 for 24 h or 72 h, then cells were harvested, and processed to determine the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) enzymes. The results showed that before culture, T cells harvested from EAC/PBS/1wk of mice or inoculated with EAC/CIS/1wk showed higher activity in HK, PFK, LDH, and G6PH as compared to naive T cells. After 24, and 72 h of culture and activation, the enzyme activities in T cells harvested from EAC/CIS/2wk mice or EAC/CIS/3wk mice decreased compared with their control. The late stage of the tumor without chemotherapy gives a low glycolic rate. In late activation, naive and early stages of the tumor with chemotherapy can give high glycolic metabolism. These results show great significance as an application of adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila M Khalil
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Eltaramsy
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona M Hegazi
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Egypt.
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8
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng H, Li S, Qiu HJ. Cellular metabolism hijacked by viruses for immunoevasion: potential antiviral targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228811. [PMID: 37559723 PMCID: PMC10409484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells utilize metabolic pathways to modulate the cellular differentiation or death. The intricate interplay between metabolism and immune response is critical for maintaining homeostasis and effective antiviral activities. In recent years, immunometabolism induced by viral infections has been extensively investigated, and accumulating evidence has indicated that cellular metabolism can be hijacked to facilitate viral replication. Generally, virus-induced changes in cellular metabolism lead to the reprogramming of metabolites and metabolic enzymes in different pathways (glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism). Metabolic reprogramming affects the function of immune cells, regulates the expression of immune molecules and determines cell fate. Therefore, it is important to explore the effector molecules with immunomodulatory properties, including metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and other immunometabolism-related molecules as the antivirals. This review summarizes the relevant advances in the field of metabolic reprogramming induced by viral infections, providing novel insights for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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9
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Huang Z, Yang H, Lao J, Deng W. Solute carrier family 35 member A2 (SLC35A2) is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287303. [PMID: 37467193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 35 member A2 (SLC35A2) located on the X chromosome is considered involved in the UDP-galactose transport from cytosol to Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. It has been reported that the SLC35A2 expression is associated with carcinogenesis in recent studies, however, its specific roles in cancer progression have not been exhaustively elucidated. Herein, a system analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of SLC35A2 in prognostic, and immunology in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). METHODS The TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter were employed to explore the SLC35A2 expression pattern and prognostic value in STAD. Genomic alterations were searched through the MEXPRESS and cBioPortal platforms. The LinkedOmics, GEPIA and Metascape databases were employed to explore the biological processes. The TIMER and TISIDB websites were utilized to investigate the relationships between SLC35A2 expression and immune cell infiltration. The associations between SLC35A2 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) in pan-cancer were explored using the SangerBox database. RESULTS Compared to the normal gastric mucosa, SLC35A2 expression was significantly increased in STAD tissues, accompanied by the robust relationships with tumor grade, histological subtypes, TP53 mutation status, TMB and prognosis. SLC35A2 and its co-expression genes played the primarily roles in purine metabolism and purinosome, including the asparagine N-linked glycosylation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle, with the potential to participate in the regulation of VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Concurrently, SLC35A2 expression was correlated with macrophages and CD4+T lymphocytes infiltration in STAD. CONCLUSIONS Our study has proposed that SLC35A2 correlated with immune cell infiltration could serve as a prognostic biomarker in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jingmao Lao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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10
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Vashi Y, Nehru G, Kumar S. Niclosamide inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication in chickens by perturbing the cellular glycolysis. Virology 2023; 585:196-204. [PMID: 37384966 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most important pathogens in poultry. To ensure optimal environments for their replication and spread, viruses rely largely on host cellular metabolism. In the present study, we evaluated the small drug molecule niclosamide for its anti-NDV activity. Our study has shown that a sublethal dose of 1 μM niclosamide could drastically reduce NDV replication. The results showed that niclosamide has antiviral activity against NDV infection during in vitro, in ovo and in vivo assays. Pharmacologically inhibiting the glycolytic pathway remarkably reduced NDV RNA synthesis and infectious virion production. Our results suggest that the effect of niclosamide on cellular glycolysis could be the possible reason for the specific anti-NDV effect. This study could help us understand antiviral strategies against similar pathogens and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches through targeted inhibition of specific cellular metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoya Vashi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ganesh Nehru
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Mataramvura H, Bunders MJ, Duri K. Human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune cell metabolic dysregulation in children born to HIV-infected women: potential clinical implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182217. [PMID: 37350953 PMCID: PMC10282157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Commencing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately following HIV diagnosis (Option B+) has dramatically improved the health of HIV-infected women and their children, with the majority being of HIV-exposed children born uninfected (HEU). This success has led to an increasing population of HIV-infected women receiving ART during pregnancy and children exposed to ART in utero. Nonetheless, a small proportion of children are still infected with HIV (HEI) each year. HEI children suffer from reduced immunocompetence and host-defence, due to CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion, but also dysregulation of other immune cells including CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages including B lymphocytes. Furthermore, although HEU children are uninfected, altered immune responses are observed and associated with increased vulnerability to infections. The mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in HEU children remain poorly described. Building on early studies, emerging data suggests that HIV/ART exposure early in life affects cell metabolic function of HEU children. Prenatal HIV/ART exposure has been associated with dysregulation of mitochondria, including impaired DNA polymerase activity. Furthermore, dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) causes a decreased generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. These altered metabolic processes can affect immune cell viability and immune responses. Recent studies have indicated that immune-metabolic dysregulation may contribute to HIV-associated pathogenesis and clinical observations associated with HIV and ART exposure in HEU/HEI children. Given the critical role metabolic processes in immune cell functioning, immune-metabolic dysregulation in HEU and HEI children may have implications in effective host-defence responses against pathogens, as well as efficacy of standard ART regimens and future novel HIV cure approaches in HEI children. At the same time, targeting metabolic pathways of immune cells may provide safer and novel approaches for HIV cure strategies. Here, we review the current literature investigating immune-metabolic dysregulation in paediatric HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Mataramvura
- Immunology Unit, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (UZ-FMHS), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Madeleine J. Bunders
- III. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerina Duri
- Immunology Unit, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (UZ-FMHS), Harare, Zimbabwe
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Baďurová L, Polčicová K, Omasta B, Ovečková I, Kocianová E, Tomášková J. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus propagation by targeting glycoprotein N-glycosylation. Virol J 2023; 20:108. [PMID: 37259080 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis are among the most prominent hallmarks of tumor cell metabolism. Accumulating evidence suggests that similar metabolic changes are also triggered in many virus-infected cells. Viral propagation, like highly proliferative tumor cells, increases the demand for energy and macromolecular synthesis, leading to high bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the metabolic changes induced by viruses, the interaction between host cell metabolism and arenavirus infection remains unclear. Our study sheds light on these processes during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, a model representative of the Arenaviridae family. METHODS The impact of LCMV on glucose metabolism in MRC-5 cells was studied using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and biochemical assays. A focus-forming assay and western blot analysis were used to determine the effects of glucose deficiency and glycolysis inhibition on the production of infectious LCMV particles. RESULTS Despite changes in the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, LCMV infection did not result in increased glucose uptake or lactate excretion. Accordingly, depriving LCMV-infected cells of extracellular glucose or inhibiting lactate production had no impact on viral propagation. However, treatment with the commonly used glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) profoundly reduced the production of infectious LCMV particles. This effect of 2-DG was further shown to be the result of suppressed N-linked glycosylation of the viral glycoprotein. CONCLUSIONS Although our results showed that the LCMV life cycle is not dependent on glucose supply or utilization, they did confirm the importance of N-glycosylation of LCMV GP-C. 2-DG potently reduces LCMV propagation not by disrupting glycolytic flux but by inhibiting N-linked protein glycosylation. These findings highlight the potential for developing new, targeted antiviral therapies that could be relevant to a wider range of arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Baďurová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Polčicová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Božena Omasta
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Ovečková
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kocianová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tomášková
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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13
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Cudini A, Fierabracci A. Advances in Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119220. [PMID: 37298175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells due to the aberrant activation of different immune effector cells (reviewed (rev [...].
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Chen Z, Vaeth M, Eckstein M, Delgobo M, Ramos G, Frantz S, Hofmann U, Gladow N. Characterization of the effect of the GLUT-1 inhibitor BAY-876 on T cells and macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175552. [PMID: 36739076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic hallmark of proinflammatory leukocytes including macrophages and T cells. To take up glucose from the environment and fuel glycolysis, activated leukocytes upregulate the glucose transporter GLUT1. The orally bioavailable selective GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 was developed primarily as an anti-tumor drug. Our study assessed its activity on activated macrophages and CD4+ T cells. BAY-876 significantly attenuated glucose uptake by cultured CD4+ T cells and macrophages by 41% and 15%, respectively. Extracellular flux analysis of activated CD4+ T cells in vitro showed that BAY-876 significantly decreases glycolytic proton flux rate and lactate production, effects that are accompanied by an increased oxidative phosphorylation-mediated ATP production rate, leaving intracellular ATP levels per cell unchanged. However, GLUT1 inhibition reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation without compromising cell viability and reduced IFN-γ secretion by 20%. Moreover, TNF secretion from macrophages was reduced by 27%. We conclude that GLUT1-specific inhibitors, like BAY-876, deserve further in vivo testing in a broad range of (auto-) inflammatory disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Murilo Delgobo
- University Hospital Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Gladow
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Yero A, Bouassa RSM, Ancuta P, Estaquier J, Jenabian MA. Immuno-metabolic control of the balance between Th17-polarized and regulatory T-cells during HIV infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:1-13. [PMID: 36681548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Th17-polarized CD4+ effector T-cells together with their immunosuppressive regulatory T-cell (Treg) counterparts, with transcriptional profiles governed by the lineage transcription factors RORγt/RORC2 and FOXP3, respectively, are important gatekeepers at mucosal interfaces. Alterations in the Th17/Treg ratios, due to the rapid depletion of Th17 cells and increased Treg frequencies, are a hallmark of both HIV and SIV infections and a marker of disease progression. The shift in Th17/Treg balance, in favor of increased Treg frequencies, contributes to gut mucosal permeability, immune dysfunction, and microbial translocation, subsequently leading to chronic immune activation/inflammation and disease progression. Of particular interest, Th17 cells and Tregs share developmental routes, with changes in the Th17 versus Treg fate decision influencing the pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory responses. The differentiation and function of Th17 cells and Tregs rely on independent yet complementary metabolic pathways. Several pathways have been described in the literature to be involved in Th17 versus Treg polarization, including 1) the activity of ectonucleotidases CD39/CD73; 2) the increase in TGF-β1 production; 3) a hypoxic environment, and subsequent upregulation in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); 4) the increased mTOR activity and glycolysis induction; 5) the lipid metabolism, including fatty acid synthesis, fatty acids oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and lipid storage, which are regulated by the AMPK, mevalonate and PPARγ pathways; and 6) the tryptophan catabolism. These metabolic pathways are understudied in the context of HIV-1 infection. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on metabolic pathways that are dysregulated during HIV-1 infection and their impact on Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Yero
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerome Estaquier
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Chan YT, Cheong HC, Tang TF, Rajasuriar R, Cheng KK, Looi CY, Wong WF, Kamarulzaman A. Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Glucose Metabolism in HIV-Induced T Cell Exhaustion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:0. [PMID: 36359329 PMCID: PMC9687279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients due to infection-triggered cell exhaustion and cell death is significantly correlated with disease severity and progression into the life-threatening acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. T cell exhaustion is a condition of cell dysfunction despite antigen engagement, characterized by augmented surface expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which suppress T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and negatively impact the proliferative and effector activities of T cells. T cell function is tightly modulated by cellular glucose metabolism, which produces adequate energy to support a robust reaction when battling pathogen infection. The transition of the T cells from an active to an exhausted state following pathogen persistence involves a drastic change in metabolic activity. This review highlights the interplay between immune checkpoint molecules and glucose metabolism that contributes to T cell exhaustion in the context of chronic HIV infection, which could deliver an insight into the rational design of a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Teng Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Ting Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.R.); (A.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh 84600, Malaysia;
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Bioscience, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.R.); (A.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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17
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Rad SMAH, Halpin JC, Tawinwung S, Suppipat K, Hirankarn N, McLellan AD. MicroRNA‐mediated metabolic reprogramming of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:424-439. [PMID: 35507473 PMCID: PMC9322280 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini Rad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Science University of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Joshua Colin Halpin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Science University of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Koramit Suppipat
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Alexander D McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Science University of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
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18
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Gibson MS, Noronha-Estima C, Gama-Carvalho M. Therapeutic Metabolic Reprograming Using microRNAs: From Cancer to HIV Infection. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020273. [PMID: 35205318 PMCID: PMC8872267 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular processes, including metabolism. Attempts to use miRNAs as therapeutic agents are being explored in several areas, including the control of cancer progression. Recent evidence suggests fine tuning miRNA activity to reprogram tumor cell metabolism has enormous potential as an alternative treatment option. Indeed, cancer growth is known to be linked to profound metabolic changes. Likewise, the emerging field of immunometabolism is leading to a refined understanding of how immune cell proliferation and function is governed by glucose homeostasis. Different immune cell types are now known to have unique metabolic signatures that switch in response to a changing environment. T-cell subsets exhibit distinct metabolic profiles which underlie their alternative differentiation and phenotypic functions. Recent evidence shows that the susceptibility of CD4+ T-cells to HIV infection is intimately linked to their metabolic activity, with many of the metabolic features of HIV-1-infected cells resembling those found in tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the use of miRNA modulation to achieve metabolic reprogramming for cancer therapy and explore the idea that the same approach may serve as an effective mechanism to restrict HIV replication and eliminate infected cells.
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19
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Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress during viral infection. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:679-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Day
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Bahadoran A, Bezavada L, Smallwood HS. Fueling influenza and the immune response: Implications for metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection and immunometabolism. Immunol Rev 2021; 295:140-166. [PMID: 32320072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies support the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are rheostats in immune cells whose bioenergetics have functional outputs in terms of their biology. Specific intrinsic and extrinsic molecular factors function as molecular potentiometers to adjust and control glycolytic to respiratory power output. In many cases, these potentiometers are used by influenza viruses and immune cells to support pathogenesis and the host immune response, respectively. Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract, providing a specific environmental niche, while immune cells encounter variable nutrient concentrations as they migrate in response to infection. Immune cell subsets have distinct metabolic programs that adjust to meet energetic and biosynthetic requirements to support effector functions, differentiation, and longevity in their ever-changing microenvironments. This review details how influenza coopts the host cell for metabolic reprogramming and describes the overlap of these regulatory controls in immune cells whose function and fate are dictated by metabolism. These details are contextualized with emerging evidence of the consequences of influenza-induced changes in metabolic homeostasis on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Bahadoran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Pharmacological inhibition of GLUT1 as a new immunotherapeutic approach after myocardial infarction. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114597. [PMID: 33965393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Excess inflammation significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling and heart failure after MI. Accumulating evidence has shown the central role of cellular metabolism in regulating the differentiation and function of cells. Metabolic rewiring is particularly relevant for proinflammatory responses induced by ischemia. Hypoxia reduces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and induces increased reliance on glycolysis. Moreover, activation of a proinflammatory transcriptional program is associated with preferential glucose metabolism in leukocytes. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that regulate metabolic adaptations holds the potential to identify new metabolic targets and strategies to reduce ischemic cardiac damage, attenuate excess local inflammation and ultimately prevent the development of heart failure. Among possible drug targets, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) gained considerable interest considering its pivotal role in regulating glucose availability in activated leukocytes and the availability of small molecules that selectively inhibit it. Therefore, we summarize current evidence on the role of GLUT1 in leukocytes (focusing on macrophages and T cells) and non-leukocytes, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts regarding ischemic heart disease. Beyond myocardial infarction, we can foresee the role of GLUT1 blockers as a possible pharmacological approach to limit pathogenic inflammation in other conditions driven by excess sterile inflammation.
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23
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Horváth M, Nagy G, Zsindely N, Bodai L, Horváth P, Vágvölgyi C, Nosanchuk JD, Tóth R, Gácser A. Oral Epithelial Cells Distinguish between Candida Species with High or Low Pathogenic Potential through MicroRNA Regulation. mSystems 2021; 6:6/3/e00163-21. [PMID: 33975967 PMCID: PMC8125073 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00163-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral epithelial cells monitor microbiome composition and initiate immune response upon dysbiosis, as in the case of Candida imbalances. Candida species, such as C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, are the most prevalent yeasts in the oral cavity. Comparison of healthy oral epithelial cell responses revealed that while C. albicans infection robustly activated inflammation cascades, C. parapsilosis primarily activated various inflammation-independent pathways. In posttranscriptional regulatory processes, several miRNAs were altered by both species. For C. parapsilosis, the dose of yeast cells directly correlated with changes in transcriptomic responses with higher fungal burdens inducing significantly different and broader changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associated with carbohydrate metabolism-, hypoxia-, and vascular development-related responses dominated with C. parapsilosis infection, whereas C. albicans altered miRNAs linked to inflammatory responses. Subsequent analyses of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1-α) and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation pathways predicted target genes through which miRNA-dependent regulation of yeast-specific functions may occur, which also supported the observed species-specific responses. Our findings suggest that C. parapsilosis is recognized as a commensal at low doses by the oral epithelium; however, increased fungal burden activates different pathways, some of which overlap with the inflammatory processes robustly induced by C. albicans IMPORTANCE A relatively new topic within the field of immunology involves the role of miRNAs in innate as well as adaptive immune response regulation. In recent years, posttranscriptional regulation of host-pathogenic fungal interactions through miRNAs was also suggested. Our study reveals that the distinct nature of human oral epithelial cell responses toward C. parapsilosis and C. albicans is possibly due to species-specific fine-tuning of host miRNA regulatory processes. The findings of this study also shed new light on the nature of early host cell transcriptional responses to the presence of C. parapsilosis and highlight the species' potential inflammation-independent host activation processes. These findings contribute to our better understanding of how miRNA deregulation at the oral immunological barrier, in noncanonical immune cells, may discriminate between fungal species, particularly Candida species with high or low pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Horváth
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Zsindely
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bodai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Renáta Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084260. [PMID: 33923929 PMCID: PMC8073244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles involved in metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells. In addition, mitochondria are also closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function might lead to a variety of diseases. A large number of studies have found that a variety of viral infections could change mitochondrial dynamics, mediate mitochondria-induced cell death, and alter the mitochondrial metabolic status and cellular innate immune response to maintain intracellular survival. Meanwhile, mitochondria can also play an antiviral role during viral infection, thereby protecting the host. Therefore, mitochondria play an important role in the interaction between the host and the virus. Herein, we summarize how viral infections affect microbial pathogenesis by altering mitochondrial morphology and function and how viruses escape the host immune response.
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25
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Qiu J, Wu B, Goodman SB, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Metabolic Control of Autoimmunity and Tissue Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652771. [PMID: 33868292 PMCID: PMC8050350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops in distinct stages, with each phase of disease linked to immune cell dysfunction. HLA class II genes confer the strongest genetic risk to develop RA. They encode for molecules essential in the activation and differentiation of T cells, placing T cells upstream in the immunopathology. In Phase 1 of the RA disease process, T cells lose a fundamental function, their ability to be self-tolerant, and provide help for autoantibody-producing B cells. Phase 2 begins many years later, when mis-differentiated T cells gain tissue-invasive effector functions, enter the joint, promote non-resolving inflammation, and give rise to clinically relevant arthritis. In Phase 3 of the RA disease process, abnormal innate immune functions are added to adaptive autoimmunity, converting synovial inflammation into a tissue-destructive process that erodes cartilage and bone. Emerging data have implicated metabolic mis-regulation as a fundamental pathogenic pathway in all phases of RA. Early in their life cycle, RA T cells fail to repair mitochondrial DNA, resulting in a malfunctioning metabolic machinery. Mitochondrial insufficiency is aggravated by the mis-trafficking of the energy sensor AMPK away from the lysosomal surface. The metabolic signature of RA T cells is characterized by the shunting of glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway and toward biosynthetic activity. During the intermediate and terminal phase of RA-imposed tissue inflammation, tissue-residing macrophages, T cells, B cells and stromal cells are chronically activated and under high metabolic stress, creating a microenvironment poor in oxygen and glucose, but rich in metabolic intermediates, such as lactate. By sensing tissue lactate, synovial T cells lose their mobility and are trapped in the tissue niche. The linkage of defective DNA repair, misbalanced metabolic pathways, autoimmunity, and tissue inflammation in RA encourages metabolic interference as a novel treatment strategy during both the early stages of tolerance breakdown and the late stages of tissue inflammation. Defining and targeting metabolic abnormalities provides a new paradigm to treat, or even prevent, the cellular defects underlying autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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26
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Host cell glutamine metabolism as a potential antiviral target. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:305-325. [PMID: 33480424 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A virus minimally contains a nucleic acid genome packaged by a protein coat. The genome and capsid together are known as the nucleocapsid, which has an envelope containing a lipid bilayer (mainly phospholipids) originating from host cell membranes. The viral envelope has transmembrane proteins that are usually glycoproteins. The proteins in the envelope bind to host cell receptors, promoting membrane fusion and viral entry into the cell. Virus-infected host cells exhibit marked increases in glutamine utilization and metabolism. Glutamine metabolism generates ATP and precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules to assemble progeny viruses. Some compounds derived from glutamine are used in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. These latter compounds are precursors for the synthesis of nucleotides. Inhibitors of glutamine transport and metabolism are potential candidate antiviral drugs. Glutamine is also an essential nutrient for the functions of leukocytes (lymphocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil), including those in virus-infected patients. The increased glutamine requirement for immune cell functions occurs concomitantly with the high glutamine utilization by host cells in virus-infected patients. The development of antiviral drugs that target glutamine metabolism must then be specifically directed at virus-infected host cells to avoid negative effects on immune functions. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the landscape of cellular glutamine metabolism to search for potential candidates to inhibit glutamine transport or glutamine metabolism.
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27
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LncRNA HOTAIR regulates glucose transporter Glut1 expression and glucose uptake in macrophages during inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:232. [PMID: 33420270 PMCID: PMC7794310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays central roles in the immune response. Inflammatory response normally requires higher energy and therefore is associated with glucose metabolism. Our recent study demonstrates that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in NF-kB activation, cytokine expression, and inflammation. Here, we investigated if HOTAIR plays any role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in immune cells during inflammation. Our results demonstrate that LPS-induced inflammation induces the expression of glucose transporter isoform 1 (Glut1) which controls the glucose uptake in macrophages. LPS-induced Glut1 expression is regulated via NF-kB activation. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOTAIR suppressed the LPS-induced expression of Glut1 suggesting key roles of HOTAIR in LPS-induced Glut1 expression in macrophage. HOTAIR induces NF-kB activation, which in turn increases Glut1 expression in response to LPS. We also found that HOTAIR regulates glucose uptake in macrophages during LPS-induced inflammation and its knockdown decreases LPS-induced increased glucose uptake. HOTAIR also regulates other upstream regulators of glucose metabolism such as PTEN and HIF1α, suggesting its multimodal functions in glucose metabolism. Overall, our study demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in LPS-induced Glut1 expression and glucose uptake by activating NF-kB and hence HOTAIR regulates metabolic programming in immune cells potentially to meet the energy needs during the immune response.
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Dysfunctional Immunometabolism in HIV Infection: Contributing Factors and Implications for Age-Related Comorbid Diseases. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 17:125-137. [PMID: 32140979 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An increasing body of evidence indicates that persons living with HIV (PLWH) display dysfunctional immunometabolism. Here, we provide an updated review of this topic and its relationship to HIV-associated immune stimuli and age-related disease. RECENT FINDINGS HIV infection alters immunometabolism by increasing reliance on aerobic glycolysis for energy and productive infection and repurposing oxidative phosphorylation machinery for immune cell proliferation and survival. Recent studies in PLWH with diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease have identified an association with elevated T cell and monocyte glucose metabolism, respectively. Immunometabolic dysfunction has also been observed in PLWH in frailty and additional studies suggest a role for immunometabolism in non-AIDS defining cancers and neurocognitive disease. There is a plethora of HIV-associated immune stimuli that could drive immunometabolic dysfunction and age-related disease in PLWH, but studies directly examining their relationship are lacking. Immunometabolic dysfunction is characteristic of HIV infection and is a potential link between HIV-associated stimuli and age-related comorbidities.
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29
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Weiss HJ, Angiari S. Metabolite Transporters as Regulators of Immunity. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100418. [PMID: 33086598 PMCID: PMC7603148 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the rise of immunometabolism has fundamentally reshaped the face of immunology. As the functions and properties of many (immuno)metabolites have now been well described, their exchange among cells and their environment have only recently sparked the interest of immunologists. While many metabolites bind specific receptors to induce signaling cascades, some are actively exchanged between cells to communicate, or induce metabolic reprograming. In this review, we give an overview about how active metabolite transport impacts immune cell function and shapes immunological responses. We present some examples of how specific transporters feed into metabolic pathways and initiate intracellular signaling events in immune cells. In particular, we focus on the role of metabolite transporters in the activation and effector functions of T cells and macrophages, as prototype adaptive and innate immune cell populations.
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30
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Marchesi F, Vignali D, Manini B, Rigamonti A, Monti P. Manipulation of Glucose Availability to Boost Cancer Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102940. [PMID: 33053779 PMCID: PMC7650629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of T cell responses is intimately linked to the execution of metabolic processes, both in homeostasis and disease. In cancer tissues, metabolic alterations that characterize malignant transformation profoundly affect the composition of the immune microenvironment and the accomplishment of an effective anti-tumor response. The growing understanding of the metabolic regulation of immune cell function has shed light on the possibility to manipulate metabolic pathways as a strategy to improve T cell function in cancer. Among others, glucose metabolism through the glycolytic pathway is central in shaping T cell responses and emerges as an ideal target to improve cancer immunotherapy. However, metabolic manipulation requires a deep level of control over side-effects and development of biomarkers of response. Here, we summarize the metabolic control of T cell function and focus on the implications of metabolic manipulation for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies. Integrating our understanding of T cell function and metabolism will hopefully foster the forthcoming development of more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marchesi
- Center-IRCCS, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Vignali
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20131 Milan, Italy; (D.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Beatrice Manini
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20131 Milan, Italy; (D.V.); (B.M.)
- San Raffaele Vita Salute University, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rigamonti
- Center-IRCCS, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Monti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20131 Milan, Italy; (D.V.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Kang S, Tang H. HIV-1 Infection and Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming of T Cells: Another Approach Toward Functional Cure and Reservoir Eradication. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572677. [PMID: 33117366 PMCID: PMC7575757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emerging of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection has transferred from a fatal threat to a chronic disease that could be managed. Nevertheless, inextricable systemic immune activation and chronic inflammation despite viral suppression render patients still at higher risk of HIV-1-associated non-AIDS complications. Immunometabolism has nowadays raised more and more attention for that targeting metabolism may become a promising approach to modulate immune system and play a role in treating cancer, HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases. HIV-1 mainly infects CD4+ T cells and accumulating evidence has brought to light the association between T cell metabolism reprogramming and HIV-1 pathogenesis. Here, we will focus on the interplay of glycometabolism reprogramming of T cells and HIV-1 infection, making an effort to delineate the possibility of utilizing immunometabolism as a new target towards HIV-1 management and even sterilizing cure through eliminating viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Guak H, Krawczyk CM. Implications of cellular metabolism for immune cell migration. Immunology 2020; 161:200-208. [PMID: 32920838 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential, energetically demanding process in immunity. Immune cells navigate the body via chemokines and other immune mediators, which are altered under inflammatory conditions of injury or infection. Several factors determine the migratory abilities of different types of immune cells in diverse contexts, including the precise co-ordination of cytoskeletal remodelling, the expression of specific chemokine receptors and integrins, and environmental conditions. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the relationship of each of these factors with cellular metabolism, with a focus on the spatial organization of glycolysis and mitochondria, reciprocal regulation of chemokine receptors and the influence of environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Guak
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic and Nutritional Programming Group, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming Group, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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33
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Brown CY, Sadlon T, Hope CM, Wong YY, Wong S, Liu N, Withers H, Brown K, Bandara V, Gundsambuu B, Pederson S, Breen J, Robertson SA, Forrest A, Beyer M, Barry SC. Molecular Insights Into Regulatory T-Cell Adaptation to Self, Environment, and Host Tissues: Plasticity or Loss of Function in Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1269. [PMID: 33072063 PMCID: PMC7533603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much interest in the ability of regulatory T cells (Treg) to switch function in vivo, either as a result of genetic risk of disease or in response to environmental and metabolic cues. The relationship between levels of FOXP3 and functional fitness plays a significant part in this plasticity. There is an emerging role for Treg in tissue repair that may be less dependent on FOXP3, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this are not fully understood. As a result of detailed, high-resolution functional genomics, the gene regulatory networks and key functional mediators of Treg phenotype downstream of FOXP3 have been mapped, enabling a mechanistic insight into Treg function. This transcription factor-driven programming of T-cell function to generate Treg requires the switching on and off of key genes that form part of the Treg gene regulatory network and raises the possibility that this is reversible. It is plausible that subtle shifts in expression levels of specific genes, including transcription factors and non-coding RNAs, change the regulation of the Treg gene network. The subtle skewing of gene expression initiates changes in function, with the potential to promote chronic disease and/or to license appropriate inflammatory responses. In the case of autoimmunity, there is an underlying genetic risk, and the interplay of genetic and environmental cues is complex and impacts gene regulation networks frequently involving promoters and enhancers, the regulatory elements that control gene expression levels and responsiveness. These promoter–enhancer interactions can operate over long distances and are highly cell type specific. In autoimmunity, the genetic risk can result in changes in these enhancer/promoter interactions, and this mainly impacts genes which are expressed in T cells and hence impacts Treg/conventional T-cell (Tconv) function. Genetic risk may cause the subtle alterations to the responsiveness of gene regulatory networks which are controlled by or control FOXP3 and its target genes, and the application of assays of the 3D organization of chromatin, enabling the connection of non-coding regulatory regions to the genes they control, is revealing the direct impact of environmental/metabolic/genetic risk on T-cell function and is providing mechanistic insight into susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Y Brown
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Sadlon
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Ying Y Wong
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Soon Wong
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ning Liu
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Holly Withers
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katherine Brown
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Pederson
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Anne Robertson
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alistair Forrest
- QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Beyer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Charles Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
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34
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Kishimoto N, Yamamoto K, Iga N, Kirihara C, Abe T, Takamune N, Misumi S. Alpha-enolase in viral target cells suppresses the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration. Retrovirology 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32917235 PMCID: PMC7488571 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A protein exhibiting more than one biochemical function is termed a moonlighting protein. Glycolytic enzymes are typical moonlighting proteins, and these enzymes control the infection of various viruses. Previously, we reported that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and alpha-enolase (ENO1) are incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles from viral producer cells and suppress viral reverse transcription independently each other. However, it remains unclear whether these proteins expressed in viral target cells affect the early phase of HIV-1 replication. Results Here we show that the GAPDH expression level in viral target cells does not affect the early phase of HIV-1 replication, but ENO1 has a capacity to suppress viral integration in viral target cells. In contrast to GAPDH, suppression of ENO1 expression by RNA interference in the target cells increased viral infectivity, but had no effect on the expression levels of the HIV-1 receptors CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 and on the level of HIV-1 entry. Quantitative analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcription products showed that the number of copies of the late products (R/gag) and two-long-terminal-repeat circular forms of viral cDNAs did not change but that of the integrated (Alu-gag) form increased. In contrast, overexpression of ENO1 in viral target cells decreased viral infectivity owing to the low viral integration efficiency. Results of subcellular fractionation experiments suggest that the HIV integration at the nucleus was negatively regulated by ENO1 localized in the nucleus. In addition, the overexpression of ENO1 in both viral producer cells and target cells most markedly suppressed the viral replication. Conclusions These results indicate that ENO1 in the viral target cells prevents HIV-1 integration. Importantly, ENO1, but not GAPDH, has the bifunctional inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication. The results provide and new insights into the function of ENO1 as a moonlighting protein in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Chie Kirihara
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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35
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Holman GD. Structure, function and regulation of mammalian glucose transporters of the SLC2 family. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1155-1175. [PMID: 32591905 PMCID: PMC7462842 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The SLC2 genes code for a family of GLUT proteins that are part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporters. Crystal structures have recently revealed how the unique protein fold of these proteins enables the catalysis of transport. The proteins have 12 transmembrane spans built from a replicated trimer substructure. This enables 4 trimer substructures to move relative to each other, and thereby alternately opening and closing a cleft to either the internal or the external side of the membrane. The physiological substrate for the GLUTs is usually a hexose but substrates for GLUTs can include urate, dehydro-ascorbate and myo-inositol. The GLUT proteins have varied physiological functions that are related to their principal substrates, the cell type in which the GLUTs are expressed and the extent to which the proteins are associated with subcellular compartments. Some of the GLUT proteins translocate between subcellular compartments and this facilitates the control of their function over long- and short-time scales. The control of GLUT function is necessary for a regulated supply of metabolites (mainly glucose) to tissues. Pathophysiological abnormalities in GLUT proteins are responsible for, or associated with, clinical problems including type 2 diabetes and cancer and a range of tissue disorders, related to tissue-specific GLUT protein profiles. The availability of GLUT crystal structures has facilitated the search for inhibitors and substrates and that are specific for each GLUT and that can be used therapeutically. Recent studies are starting to unravel the drug targetable properties of each of the GLUT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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36
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Beckermann KE, Hongo R, Ye X, Young K, Carbonell K, Healey DCC, Siska PJ, Barone S, Roe CE, Smith CC, Vincent BG, Mason FM, Irish JM, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC. CD28 costimulation drives tumor-infiltrating T cell glycolysis to promote inflammation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138729. [PMID: 32814710 PMCID: PMC7455120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming dictates the fate and function of stimulated T cells, yet these pathways can be suppressed in T cells in tumor microenvironments. We previously showed that glycolytic and mitochondrial adaptations directly contribute to reducing the effector function of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here we define the role of these metabolic pathways in the activation and effector functions of CD8+ RCC TILs. CD28 costimulation plays a key role in augmenting T cell activation and metabolism, and is antagonized by the inhibitory and checkpoint immunotherapy receptors CTLA4 and PD-1. While RCC CD8+ TILs were activated at a low level when stimulated through the T cell receptor alone, addition of CD28 costimulation greatly enhanced activation, function, and proliferation. CD28 costimulation reprogrammed RCC CD8+ TIL metabolism with increased glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, possibly through upregulation of GLUT3. Mitochondria also fused to a greater degree, with higher membrane potential and overall mass. These phenotypes were dependent on glucose metabolism, as the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose both prevented changes to mitochondria and suppressed RCC CD8+ TIL activation and function. These data show that CD28 costimulation can restore RCC CD8+ TIL metabolism and function through rescue of T cell glycolysis that supports mitochondrial mass and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Hongo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kirsten Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Katie Carbonell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diana C Contreras Healey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter J Siska
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sierra Barone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caroline E Roe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christof C Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frank M Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and.,Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV-1 infection that persists despite treatment. There is, therefore, an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. In the past few years, the decisive role of cellular metabolism in the fate and activity of immune cells has been uncovered, as well as its impact on the outcome of infectious diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolism has a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The metabolic pathways of CD4+ T cells and macrophages determine their susceptibility to infection, the persistence of infected cells and the establishment of latency. Immunometabolism also shapes immune responses against HIV-1, and cell metabolic products are key drivers of inflammation during infection. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of the links between HIV-1 infection and immunometabolism, and we discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for therapeutic interventions.
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38
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Zhuang X, Pedroza-Pacheco I, Nawroth I, Kliszczak AE, Magri A, Paes W, Rubio CO, Yang H, Ashcroft M, Mole D, Balfe P, Borrow P, McKeating JA. Hypoxic microenvironment shapes HIV-1 replication and latency. Commun Biol 2020; 3:376. [PMID: 32665623 PMCID: PMC7360605 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral replication is defined by the cellular microenvironment and one key factor is local oxygen tension, where hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the cellular response to oxygen. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected cells within secondary lymphoid tissues exist in a low-oxygen or hypoxic environment in vivo. However, the majority of studies on HIV replication and latency are performed under laboratory conditions where HIFs are inactive. We show a role for HIF-2α in restricting HIV transcription via direct binding to the viral promoter. Hypoxia reduced tumor necrosis factor or histone deacetylase inhibitor, Romidepsin, mediated reactivation of HIV and inhibiting HIF signaling-pathways reversed this phenotype. Our data support a model where the low-oxygen environment of the lymph node may suppress HIV replication and promote latency. We identify a mechanism that may contribute to the limited efficacy of latency reversing agents in reactivating HIV and suggest new strategies to control latent HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | - Isabel Nawroth
- Institute of Immunity and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna E Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Wayne Paes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - David Mole
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Institute of Immunity and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
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39
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Lang F, Singh Y, Salker MS, Ma K, Pandyra AA, Lang PA, Lang KS. Glucose transport in lymphocytes. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1401-1406. [PMID: 32529300 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake into lymphocytes is accomplished by non-concentrative glucose carriers of the GLUT family (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6) and/or by the Na+-coupled glucose carrier SGLT1. The latter accumulates glucose against glucose gradients and is still effective at very low extracellular glucose concentrations. Signaling involved in SGLT1 expression and activity includes protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), and Janus kinases (JAK2 and JAK3). Glucose taken up is partially stored as glycogen. In hypoxic environments, such as in tumors as well as infected and inflamed tissues, lymphocytes depend on energy production from glycogen-dependent glycolysis. The lack of SGLT1 may compromise glycogen storage and thus lymphocyte survival and function in hypoxic tissues. Accordingly, in mice, genetic knockout of sglt1 compromised bacterial clearance following Listeria monocytogenes infection leading to an invariably lethal course of the disease. Whether the effect was due to the lack of sglt1 in lymphocytes or in other cell types still remains to be determined. Clearly, additional experimental effort is required to define the role of glucose transport by GLUTs and particularly by SGLT1 for lymphocyte survival and function, as well as orchestration of the host defense against tumors and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany.
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076, Tubingen, Germany.
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karl University, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Department of Immunology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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40
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Zezina E, Sercan‐Alp O, Herrmann M, Biesemann N. Glucose transporter 1 in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1483. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zezina
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Oezen Sercan‐Alp
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matthias Herrmann
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Nadine Biesemann
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Franaszczyk M, Truszkowska G, Chmielewski P, Rydzanicz M, Kosinska J, Rywik T, Biernacka A, Spiewak M, Kostrzewa G, Stepien-Wojno M, Stawinski P, Bilinska M, Krajewski P, Zielinski T, Lutynska A, Bilinska ZT, Ploski R. Analysis of De Novo Mutations in Sporadic Cardiomyopathies Emphasizes Their Clinical Relevance and Points to Novel Candidate Genes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020370. [PMID: 32013205 PMCID: PMC7073782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cardiomyopathies have an autosomal dominant inheritance; hence, genetic testing is typically offered to patients with a positive family history. A de novo mutation is a new germline mutation not inherited from either parent. The purpose of our study was to search for de novo mutations in patients with cardiomyopathy and no evidence of the disease in the family. Using next-generation sequencing, we analyzed cardiomyopathy genes in 12 probands. In 8 (66.7%), we found de novo variants in known cardiomyopathy genes (TTN, DSP, SCN5A, TNNC1, TPM1, CRYAB, MYH7). In the remaining probands, the analysis was extended to whole exome sequencing in a trio (proband and parents). We found de novo variants in genes that, so far, were not associated with any disease (TRIB3, SLC2A6), a possible disease-causing biallelic genotype (APOBEC gene family), and a de novo mosaic variant without strong evidence of pathogenicity (UNC45A). The high prevalence of de novo mutations emphasizes that genetic screening is also indicated in cases of sporadic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, we have identified novel cardiomyopathy candidate genes that are likely to affect immunological function and/or reaction to stress that could be especially relevant in patients with disease onset associated with infection/infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franaszczyk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.)
| | - Grazyna Truszkowska
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.)
| | - Przemyslaw Chmielewski
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosinska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rywik
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Biernacka
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Spiewak
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Kostrzewa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stepien-Wojno
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Stawinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bilinska
- Department of Arrhythmia, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Krajewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zielinski
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lutynska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia T. Bilinska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Z.T.B.); (R.P.); Tel.: +48-223434710 (Z.T.B.); +48-225720695 (R.P.)
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Z.T.B.); (R.P.); Tel.: +48-223434710 (Z.T.B.); +48-225720695 (R.P.)
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Solute carrier transporters: the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:61-78. [PMID: 31993307 PMCID: PMC6977534 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters meditate many essential physiological functions, including nutrient uptake, ion influx/efflux, and waste disposal. In its protective role against tumors and infections, the mammalian immune system coordinates complex signals to support the proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of individual cell subsets. Recent research in this area has yielded surprising findings on the roles of solute carrier transporters, which were discovered to regulate lymphocyte signaling and control their differentiation, function, and fate by modulating diverse metabolic pathways and balanced levels of different metabolites. In this review, we present current information mainly on glucose transporters, amino-acid transporters, and metal ion transporters, which are critically important for mediating immune cell homeostasis in many different pathological conditions.
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Key Words
- 3-PG, 3-phosphoglyceric acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ASCT2, alanine serine and cysteine transporter system 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BCR, B cell receptor
- BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- CD45R, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- DC, dendritic cells
- EAATs, excitatory amino acid transporters
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERRα, estrogen related receptor alpha
- FFA, free fatty acids
- G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate
- GLUT, glucose transporters
- GSH, glutathione
- Glucose
- Glutamine
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- Hk1, hexokinase-1
- IFNβ, interferon beta
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IKKβ, IκB kinase beta subunit
- IL, interleukin
- LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lymphocytes
- Lyn, tyrosine-protein kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporters
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- Metal ion
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
- PEG2, prostaglandin E2
- PI-3K/AKT, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase/serine–threonine kinase
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- Pfk, phosphofructokinase
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RLR, RIG-I-like receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SNAT, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- Solute carrier
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRPM7, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7
- Teffs, effector T cells
- Th1/2/17, type 1/2/17 helper T cells
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZIP, zrt/irt-like proteins
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- iTregs, induced regulatory T cells
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
- α-KG, α-ketoglutaric acid
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43
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Samama B, Benardais K, Lipsker D, Boehm N. GLUT1 expression in human papillomavirus-positive anogenital lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:873-875. [PMID: 31746025 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLUT1, an ubiquitous glucose transporter in the mammalian cells, is upregulated in many tumours, including human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced head and neck or cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE To study in anogenital lesions whether or not GLUT1 expression correlates with genomic high-risk HPV integration, the first step in neoplastic transformation. METHODS Forty-three HPV-positive biopsies positive for either low-risk or high-risk HPV were selected. Paraffin sections adjacent to those tested for the presence of HPV were processed for GLUT1 immunocytochemistry. GLUT1 expression was analysed by two histologists, blinded to HPV type and status and then compared with HPV typing results. RESULTS Two main staining patterns were observed, either staining from the basal to the granular layer or staining of superficial layers only. The first staining pattern corresponded to lesions with high number of episomal HPV-positive nuclei. Superficial staining was observed in lesions with low number of episomal HPV nuclei or when high-risk HPV was integrated in the cell genome. CONCLUSION Our results show that GLUT1 overexpression correlates with the number of episomally infected cells in the lesion, but not with the type (low or high risk) of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Samama
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - K Benardais
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - D Lipsker
- Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - N Boehm
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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44
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Di Dedda C, Vignali D, Piemonti L, Monti P. Pharmacological Targeting of GLUT1 to Control Autoreactive T Cell Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4962. [PMID: 31597342 PMCID: PMC6801424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence indicates that bio-energetic metabolism of T cells can be manipulated to control T cell responses. This potentially finds a field of application in the control of the T cell responses in autoimmune diseases, including in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the possible metabolic targets, Glut1 gained considerable interest because of its pivotal role in glucose uptake to fuel glycolysis in activated T cells, and the recent development of a novel class of small molecules that act as selective inhibitor of Glut1. We believe we can foresee a possible application of pharmacological Glut1 blockade approach to control autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin producing beta cells. However, Glut1 is expressed in a broad range of cells in the body and off-target and side effect are possible complications. Moreover, the duration of the treatment and the age of patients are critical aspects that need to be addressed to reduce toxicity. In this paper, we will review recent literature to determine whether it is possible to design a pharmacological Glut1 blocking strategy and how to apply this to autoimmunity in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Di Dedda
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Debora Vignali
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Monti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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45
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Yang W, Wu Y, Hu Q, Mariga AM, Pei F. Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanism of Methyl Jasmonate in Delaying the Deterioration of Agaricus bisporus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8773-8782. [PMID: 31283205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Conquering rapid postripeness and deterioration of Agaricus bisporus is quite challenging. We previously observed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) pretreatment postponed the deterioration of A. bisporus, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, a nontargeted metabolomics analysis by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) revealed that MeJA increased the synthesis of malate by inhibiting the decomposition of fumarate and cis-aconitate. MeJA maintained energy supply by enhancing ATP content and energy charge level and improving hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities as well. These results promoted ATP supply by maintaining glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, we revealed that the delayed deterioration was attributed to MeJA treatment which stimulated the energy status of A. bisporus by reducing the respiration rate and nutrient decomposition, thus maintaining energy production. Our results provide a new insight into the role of MeJA treatment in delaying deterioration of A. bisporus through ATP production and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuanyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Alfred Mugambi Mariga
- School of Agriculture and Food Science , Meru University of Science and Technology , 972-60400 , Meru , Kenya
| | - Fei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023 , China
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46
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Mayer KA, Stöckl J, Zlabinger GJ, Gualdoni GA. Hijacking the Supplies: Metabolism as a Novel Facet of Virus-Host Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1533. [PMID: 31333664 PMCID: PMC6617997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral replication is a process that involves an extremely high turnover of cellular molecules. Since viruses depend on the host cell to obtain the macromolecules needed for their proper replication, they have evolved numerous strategies to shape cellular metabolism and the biosynthesis machinery of the host according to their specific needs. Technologies for the rigorous analysis of metabolic alterations in cells have recently become widely available and have greatly expanded our knowledge of these crucial host–pathogen interactions. We have learned that most viruses enhance specific anabolic pathways and are highly dependent on these alterations. Since uninfected cells are far more plastic in their metabolism, targeting of the virus-induced metabolic alterations is a promising strategy for specific antiviral therapy and has gained great interest recently. In this review, we summarize the current advances in our understanding of metabolic adaptations during viral infections, with a particular focus on the utilization of this information for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Clerc I, Moussa DA, Vahlas Z, Tardito S, Oburoglu L, Hope TJ, Sitbon M, Dardalhon V, Mongellaz C, Taylor N. Entry of glucose- and glutamine-derived carbons into the citric acid cycle supports early steps of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells. Nat Metab 2019; 1:717-730. [PMID: 32373781 PMCID: PMC7199465 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of CD4 T cells to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is regulated by glucose and glutamine metabolism, but the relative contributions of these nutrients to infection are not known. Here we show that glutaminolysis is the major pathway fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in T-cell receptor-stimulated naïve, as well as memory CD4, subsets and is required for optimal HIV-1 infection. Under conditions of attenuated glutaminolysis, the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) TCA rescues early steps in infection; exogenous α-KG promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription, rendering both naïve and memory cells more sensitive to infection. Blocking the glycolytic flux of pyruvate to lactate results in altered glucose carbon allocation to TCA and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, an increase in OXPHOS and augmented HIV-1 reverse transcription. Moreover, HIV-1 infection is significantly higher in CD4 T cells selected on the basis of high mitochondrial biomass and OXPHOS activity. Therefore, the OXPHOS/aerobic glycolysis balance is a major regulator of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clerc
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Daouda Abba Moussa
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Zoi Vahlas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Present address: Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Simpfendorfer KR, Li W, Shih A, Wen H, Kothari HP, Einsidler EA, Wuster A, Hunkapiller J, Behrens TW, Graham RR, Townsend MJ, Behar DM, Hu R, Greenspan E, Gregersen PK. Influence of genetic copy number variants of the human GLUT3 glucose transporter gene SLC2A3 on protein expression, glycolysis and rheumatoid arthritis risk: A genetic replication study. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 19:100470. [PMID: 30997344 PMCID: PMC6453668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The gene encoding glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3, SLC2A3) is present in the human population at variable copy number. An overt disease phenotype of SLC2A3 copy number variants has not been reported; however, deletion of SLC2A3 has been previously reported to protect carriers from rheumatoid arthritis, implicating GLUT3 as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we aim to perform functional analysis of GLUT3 copy number variants in immune cells, and test the reported protective association of the GLUT3 copy number variants for rheumatoid arthritis in a genetic replication study. Methods Cells from genotyped healthy controls were analyzed for SLC2A3/GLUT3 expression and glycolysis capacity. We genotyped the SLC2A3 copy number variant in four independent cohorts of rheumatoid arthritis and controls and one cohort of multiple sclerosis and controls. Results Heterozygous deletion of SLC2A3 correlates directly with expression levels of GLUT3 and influences glycolysis rates in the human immune system. The frequency of the SLC2A3 copy number variant is not different between rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and control groups. Conclusions Despite a robust SLC2A3 gene copy number dependent phenotype, our study of large groups of rheumatoid arthritis cases and controls provides no evidence for rheumatoid arthritis disease protection in deletion carriers. These data emphasize the importance of well powered replication studies to confirm or refute genetic associations, particularly for relatively rare variants. T cell and macrophage expression of SLC2A3/GLUT3 correlates to SLC2A3 gene copy number in a dose dependent manner. Glycolysis rates are reduced in individuals harboring a deletion of the GLUT3 gene SLC2A3 Deletion of SLC2A3 is not associated with protection from rheumatoid arthritis Deletion of SLC2A3 is not associated with risk for multiple sclerosis GLUT3 is not a viable therapeutic target for RA as previously proposed based on a protective association of SLC2A3 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Simpfendorfer
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Wentian Li
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Shih
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Hongxiu Wen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Harini P Kothari
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Edward A Einsidler
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Arthur Wuster
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie Hunkapiller
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert R Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael J Townsend
- Department of Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Doron M Behar
- Gene by Gene, Genomic Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Hu
- Gene by Gene, Genomic Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
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49
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Valle-Casuso JC, Angin M, Volant S, Passaes C, Monceaux V, Mikhailova A, Bourdic K, Avettand-Fenoel V, Boufassa F, Sitbon M, Lambotte O, Thoulouze MI, Müller-Trutwin M, Chomont N, Sáez-Cirión A. Cellular Metabolism Is a Major Determinant of HIV-1 Reservoir Seeding in CD4 + T Cells and Offers an Opportunity to Tackle Infection. Cell Metab 2019; 29:611-626.e5. [PMID: 30581119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV persists in long-lived infected cells that are not affected by antiretroviral treatment. These HIV reservoirs are mainly located in CD4+ T cells, but their distribution is variable in the different subsets. Susceptibility to HIV-1 increases with CD4+ T cell differentiation. We evaluated whether the metabolic programming that supports the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells affected their susceptibility to HIV-1. We found that differences in HIV-1 susceptibility between naive and more differentiated subsets were associated with the metabolic activity of the cells. Indeed, HIV-1 selectively infected CD4+ T cells with high oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, independent of their activation phenotype. Moreover, partial inhibition of glycolysis (1) impaired HIV-1 infection in vitro in all CD4+ T cell subsets, (2) decreased the viability of preinfected cells, and (3) precluded HIV-1 amplification in cells from HIV-infected individuals. Our results elucidate the link between cell metabolism and HIV-1 infection and identify a vulnerability in tackling HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Valle-Casuso
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mathieu Angin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Passaes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anastassia Mikhailova
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Katia Bourdic
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 7327 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- INSERM U1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Crowe SM, Kintzios S, Kaltsas G, Palmer CS. A Bioelectronic System to Measure the Glycolytic Metabolism of Activated CD4+ T Cells. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010010. [PMID: 30634392 PMCID: PMC6468583 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of glucose metabolic activity in immune cells is becoming an increasingly standard task in immunological research. In this study, we described a sensitive, inexpensive, and non-radioactive assay for the direct and rapid measurement of the metabolic activity of CD4+ T cells in culture. A portable, custom-built Cell Culture Metabolite Biosensor device was designed to measure the levels of acidification (a proxy for glycolysis) in cell-free CD4+ T cell culture media. In this assay, ex vivo activated CD4+ T cells were incubated in culture medium and mini electrodes were placed inside the cell free culture filtrates in 96-well plates. Using this technique, the inhibitors of glycolysis were shown to suppress acidification of the cell culture media, a response similar to that observed using a gold standard lactate assay kit. Our findings show that this innovative biosensor technology has potential for applications in metabolic research, where acquisition of sufficient cellular material for ex vivo analyses presents a substantial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Crowe
- Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Infectious Diseases Department, The Alfred hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, School of Food Science, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, microSENSES lab, University of West Attika, 12244 Athens, Greece.
| | - Clovis S Palmer
- Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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