1
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Lani R, Thariq IM, Suhaimi NS, Hassandarvish P, Abu Bakar S. From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2306675. [PMID: 38263674 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a significant threat to global public health, with outbreaks occurring worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response against these viruses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating an inflammatory response. Significantly, TLRs commonly implicated in the immune response against viral infections include TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8; limiting or allowing them to replicate and spread within the host. Modulating TLRs has emerged as a promising approach to combat arbovirus infections. This review summarizes recent advances in TLR modulation as a therapeutic target in arbovirus infections. Studies have shown that the activation of TLRs can enhance the immune response against arbovirus infections, leading to increased viral clearance and protection against disease. Conversely, inhibition of TLRs can reduce the excessive inflammation and tissue damage associated with arbovirus infection. Modulating TLRs represents a potential therapeutic strategy to combat arbovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilya Maisarah Thariq
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuramira Syazreen Suhaimi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Lu KC, Tsai KW, Wang YK, Hu WC. Types of cell death and their relations to host immunological pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:206035. [PMID: 39120579 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Various immune pathways have been identified in the host, including TH1, TH2, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ immune reactions. While TH2 and TH9 responses primarily target multicellular parasites, host immune pathways directed against viruses, intracellular microorganisms (such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi), and extracellular microorganisms can employ programmed cell death mechanisms to initiate immune responses or execute effective strategies for pathogen elimination. The types of programmed cell death involved include apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis. Specifically, apoptosis is associated with host anti-virus eradicable THαβ immunity, autophagy with host anti-virus tolerable TH3 immunity, pyroptosis with host anti-intracellular microorganism eradicable TH1 immunity, ferroptosis with host anti-intracellular microorganism tolerable TH1-like immunity, necroptosis with host anti-extracellular microorganism eradicable TH22 immunity, and NETosis with host anti-extracellular microorganism tolerable TH17 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Kuen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan Armed Forced General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Clinical pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC
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3
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Zhang H, Su X, Gu L, Tan M, Liu Y, Xu K, Ren J, Chen J, Li Z, Cheng S. Colchicine-mediated selective autophagic degradation of HBV core proteins inhibits HBV replication and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:352. [PMID: 39107264 PMCID: PMC11303544 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The HBV core protein (HBc) is an important viral protein of HBV that plays an indispensable role in the lifecycle of HBV, including capsid assembly and transport, reverse transcription and virus release. In recent years, evidence has shown that HBc may be involved in the malignant progression of HCC. Thus, HBc is an attractive target for antiviral agents and provides a new strategy for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. Here, we identified a novel anti-HBc compound-colchicine, an alkaloid compound-that promoted selective autophagic degradation of HBc through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. We further confirmed that colchicine promoted the selective autophagy of HBc by enhancing the binding of HBc to the autophagy receptor p62. Finally, we evaluated the effects of colchicine on HBV replication and HBc-mediated HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our research indicated that the inhibitory effects of colchicine on HBV and HBV-related HCC depend on the selective autophagic degradation of HBc. Thus, colchicine is not only a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B but also a new treatment for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiameng Su
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leirong Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jihua Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengtao Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Li ZM, Duan SH, Yu TM, Li B, Zhang WK, Zhou CM, Yu XJ. Bunyavirus SFTSV NSs utilizes autophagy to escape the antiviral innate immune response. Autophagy 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38762760 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2356505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) nonstructural protein (NSs) is an important viral virulence factor that sequesters multiple antiviral proteins into inclusion bodies to escape the antiviral innate immune response. However, the mechanism of the NSs restricting host innate immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we found that the NSs induced complete macroautophagy/autophagy by interacting with the CCD domain of BECN1, thereby promoting the formation of a BECN1-dependent autophagy initiation complex. Importantly, our data showed that the NSs sequestered antiviral proteins such as TBK1 into autophagic vesicles, and therefore promoted the degradation of TBK1 and other antiviral proteins. In addition, the 8A mutant of NSs reduced the induction of BECN1-dependent autophagy flux and degradation of antiviral immune proteins. In conclusion, our results indicated that SFTSV NSs sequesters antiviral proteins into autophagic vesicles for degradation and to escape antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Cheng C, Hsu SK, Chen YC, Liu W, Shu ED, Chien CM, Chiu CC, Chang WT. Burning down the house: Pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2024; 347:122627. [PMID: 38614301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
A high mortality rate makes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a difficult cancer to treat. When surgery is not possible, liver cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy. However, HCC management and treatment are difficult. Sorafenib, which is a first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, initially slows disease progression. However, sorafenib resistance limits patient survival. Recent studies have linked HCC to programmed cell death, which has increased researcher interest in therapies targeting cell death. Pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory mode of programmed cell death, may be targeted to treat HCC. Pyroptosis pathways, executors, and effects are examined in this paper. This review summarizes how pyroptosis affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC, including the role of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 in regulating immune responses. The use of chemotherapies and their ability to induce cancer cell pyroptosis as alternative treatments and combining them with other drugs to reduce side effects is also discussed. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of inducing pyroptosis to treat HCC and suggest ways to improve patient outcomes. Studies on cancer cell pyroptosis may lead to new HCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - En-De Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ming Chien
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; The Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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6
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Šimičić P, Batović M, Stojanović Marković A, Židovec-Lepej S. Deciphering the Role of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Immune Modulation: A Multifaced Signalling Perspective. Viruses 2024; 16:564. [PMID: 38675906 PMCID: PMC11054855 DOI: 10.3390/v16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of antiviral sensors and the evasion of immune defences by various tactics are hallmarks of EBV infection. One of the EBV latent gene products, LMP1, was shown to induce the activation of signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2, p38), JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt, via three subdomains of its C-terminal domain, regulating the expression of several cytokines responsible for modulation of the immune response and therefore promoting viral persistence. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the EBV-mediated induction of immunomodulatory molecules by the activation of signal transduction pathways with a particular focus on LMP1-mediated mechanisms. A more detailed understanding of the cytokine biology molecular landscape in EBV infections could contribute to the more complete understanding of diseases associated with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Šimičić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Margarita Batović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anita Stojanović Marković
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Židovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, García-Luis J, Trujillo-González R, Estévez-Herrera J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. The ZIKV NS5 Protein Aberrantly Alters the Tubulin Cytoskeleton, Induces the Accumulation of Autophagic p62 and Affects IFN Production: HDAC6 Has Emerged as an Anti-NS5/ZIKV Factor. Cells 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38607037 PMCID: PMC11011779 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and pathogenesis are linked to the disruption of neurogenesis, congenital Zika syndrome and microcephaly by affecting neural progenitor cells. Nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is the largest product encoded by ZIKV-RNA and is important for replication and immune evasion. Here, we studied the potential effects of NS5 on microtubules (MTs) and autophagy flux, together with the interplay of NS5 with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Fluorescence microscopy, biochemical cell-fractionation combined with the use of HDAC6 mutants, chemical inhibitors and RNA interference indicated that NS5 accumulates in nuclear structures and strongly promotes the acetylation of MTs that aberrantly reorganize in nested structures. Similarly, NS5 accumulates the p62 protein, an autophagic-flux marker. Therefore, NS5 alters events that are under the control of the autophagic tubulin-deacetylase HDAC6. HDAC6 appears to degrade NS5 by autophagy in a deacetylase- and BUZ domain-dependent manner and to control the cytoplasmic expression of NS5. Moreover, NS5 inhibits RNA-mediated RIG-I interferon (IFN) production, resulting in greater activity when autophagy is inhibited (i.e., effect correlated with NS5 stability). Therefore, it is conceivable that NS5 contributes to cell toxicity and pathogenesis, evading the IFN-immune response by overcoming HDAC6 functions. HDAC6 has emerged as an anti-ZIKV factor by targeting NS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Department of Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.C.-R.); (J.G.-L.)
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8
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Gheitasi H, Sabbaghian M, Fadaee M, Mohammadzadeh N, Shekarchi AA, Poortahmasebi V. The relationship between autophagy and respiratory viruses. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:136. [PMID: 38436746 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have caused severe global health problems and posed essential challenges to the medical community. In recent years, the role of autophagy as a critical process in cells in viral respiratory diseases has been noticed. One of the vital catabolic biological processes in the body is autophagy. Autophagy contributes to energy recovery by targeting and selectively directing foreign microorganisms, organelles, and senescent intracellular proteins to the lysosome for degradation and phagocytosis. Activation or suppression of autophagy is often initiated when foreign pathogenic organisms such as viruses infect cells. Because of its antiviral properties, several viruses may escape or resist this process by encoding viral proteins. Viruses can also use autophagy to enhance their replication or prolong the persistence of latent infections. Here, we provide an overview of autophagy and respiratory viruses such as coronavirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, and examine the interactions between them and the role of autophagy in the virus-host interaction process and the resulting virus replication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Fadaee
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Petraccione K, Ali MGH, Cyr N, Wahba HM, Stocker T, Akhrymuk M, Akhrymuk I, Panny L, Bracci N, Cafaro R, Sastre D, Silberfarb A, O’Maille P, Omichinski J, Kehn-Hall K. An LIR motif in the Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein is critical for the interaction with LC3 family members and inhibition of autophagy. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012093. [PMID: 38512999 PMCID: PMC10986958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a viral zoonosis that causes severe disease in ruminants and humans. The nonstructural small (NSs) protein is the primary virulence factor of RVFV that suppresses the host's antiviral innate immune response. Bioinformatic analysis and AlphaFold structural modeling identified four putative LC3-interacting regions (LIR) motifs (NSs 1-4) in the RVFV NSs protein, which suggest that NSs interacts with the host LC3-family proteins. Using, isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-localization experiments, the C-terminal LIR motif (NSs4) was confirmed to interact with all six human LC3 proteins. Phenylalanine at position 261 (F261) within NSs4 was found to be critical for the interaction of NSs with LC3, retention of LC3 in the nucleus, as well as the inhibition of autophagy in RVFV infected cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the ability of RVFV to overcome antiviral autophagy through the interaction of NSs with LC3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee Petraccione
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mohamed G. H. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Normand Cyr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haytham M. Wahba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Timothy Stocker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maryna Akhrymuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ivan Akhrymuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lauren Panny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nicole Bracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raphaël Cafaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Danuta Sastre
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Silberfarb
- Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Paul O’Maille
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - James Omichinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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10
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Lee J, Ou JHJ. HCV-induced autophagy and innate immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1305157. [PMID: 38370419 PMCID: PMC10874285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between autophagy and host innate immunity has been of great interest. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impedes signaling pathways initiated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process, delivers damaged organelles and protein aggregates to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Autophagy is also an innate immune response of cells to trap pathogens in membrane vesicles for removal. However, HCV controls the autophagic pathway and uses autophagic membranes to enhance its replication. Mitophagy, a selective autophagy targeting mitochondria, alters the dynamics and metabolism of mitochondria, which play important roles in host antiviral responses. HCV also alters mitochondrial dynamics and promotes mitophagy to prevent premature cell death and attenuate the interferon (IFN) response. In addition, the dysregulation of the inflammasomal response by HCV leads to IFN resistance and immune tolerance. These immune evasion properties of HCV allow HCV to successfully replicate and persist in its host cells. In this article, we discuss HCV-induced autophagy/mitophagy and its associated immunological responses and provide a review of our current understanding of how these processes are regulated in HCV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.-H. James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Gavilán E, Medina-Guzman R, Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik B, Ruano D. Protein Quality Control Systems and ER Stress as Key Players in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:123. [PMID: 38247815 PMCID: PMC10814689 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront the intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on neurological complications, including potential links to neurodegenerative processes, characterized by a dysfunction of the protein quality control systems and ER stress. This review article explores the role of protein quality control systems, such as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD), the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), autophagy and the molecular chaperones, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our hypothesis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 produces ER stress and exploits the protein quality control systems, leading to a disruption in proteostasis that cannot be solved by the host cell. This disruption culminates in cell death and may represent a link between SARS-CoV-2 and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gavilán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, University of Seville (US), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Medina-Guzman
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
| | - Bazhena Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, University of Seville (US), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diego Ruano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla (US), 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (R.M.-G.); (B.B.-K.); (D.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, University of Seville (US), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Ju HJ, Kang H, Han JH, Lee JH, Lee S, Bae JM. All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among Patients with Vitiligo: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:125-132.e3. [PMID: 37517513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common autoimmune skin disorder; however, there is limited information about risks of mortality among patients with vitiligo. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mortality in patients with vitiligo. A population-based cohort study was conducted using the data linkage of the National Health Insurance Service database and the National Death Registry. Patients with incident vitiligo were matched with sociodemographic factors-matched controls without vitiligo in a 1:5 ratio. All-cause and cause-specific mortalities were compared between patients with vitiligo and controls. In total, 107,424 patients with incident vitiligo and 537,120 matched controls were included. The mortality rates were 34.8 and 45.3 per 10,000 person-years in patients and controls, respectively. Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly lower risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.72-0.78). The cause-specific mortality from infectious diseases, oncologic diseases, hematologic diseases, endocrine diseases, neurologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and renal/urogenital disease was significantly lower in patients with vitiligo. Patients with vitiligo were associated with a lower risk of mortality, suggesting that vitiligo-associated autoimmunity might contribute to reduced morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Ju
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Silva RCMC, Travassos LH, Dutra FF. The dichotomic role of single cytokines: Fine-tuning immune responses. Cytokine 2024; 173:156408. [PMID: 37925788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are known for their pleiotropic effects. They can be classified by their function as pro-inflammatory, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-12, or anti-inflammatory, like IL-10, IL-35 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Though this type of classification is an important simplification for the understanding of the general cytokine's role, it can be misleading. Here, we discuss recent studies that show a dichotomic role of the so-called pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, highlighting that their function can be dependent on the microenvironment and their concentrations. Furthermore, we discuss how the back-and-forth interplay between cytokines and immunometabolism can influence the dichotomic role of inflammatory responses as an important target to complement cytokine-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Receptores e Sinalização intracelular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabianno Ferreira Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Lecordier L, Heo P, Graversen JH, Hennig D, Skytthe MK, Cornet d'Elzius A, Pincet F, Pérez-Morga D, Pays E. Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 control mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113528. [PMID: 38041817 PMCID: PMC10765320 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 (APOLs) are associated at the Golgi with the membrane fission factors phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-IIIB (PI4KB) and non-muscular myosin 2A. Either APOL1 C-terminal truncation (APOL1Δ) or APOL3 deletion (APOL3-KO [knockout]) reduces PI4KB activity and triggers actomyosin reorganization. We report that APOL3, but not APOL1, controls PI4KB activity through interaction with PI4KB and neuronal calcium sensor-1 or calneuron-1. Both APOLs are present in Golgi-derived autophagy-related protein 9A vesicles, which are involved in PI4KB trafficking. Like APOL3-KO, APOL1Δ induces PI4KB dissociation from APOL3, linked to reduction of mitophagy flux and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. APOL1 and APOL3, respectively, can interact with the mitophagy receptor prohibitin-2 and the mitophagosome membrane fusion factor vesicle-associated membrane protein-8 (VAMP8). While APOL1 conditions PI4KB and APOL3 involvement in mitochondrion fission and mitophagy, APOL3-VAMP8 interaction promotes fusion between mitophagosomal and endolysosomal membranes. We propose that APOL3 controls mitochondrial membrane dynamics through interactions with the fission factor PI4KB and the fusion factor VAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lecordier
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Paul Heo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75005 Paris, France; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Kløjgaard Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Frédéric Pincet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
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15
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Chang H, Wu H, Hou P, Aizaz M, Yang R, Xiang A, Qi W, He H, Wang H. DLG1 promotes the antiviral innate immune response by inhibiting p62-mediated autophagic degradation of IKKε. J Virol 2023; 97:e0150123. [PMID: 37982618 PMCID: PMC10734446 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01501-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway is the first line of antiviral innate immunity. It must be precisely regulated against virus-induced damage. The tightly regulated mechanisms of action of host genes in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway are still worth studying. Here, we report a novel role of DLG1 in positively regulating the IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε)-mediated IFN-I signaling response against negative-stranded RNA virus replication, whereas the RNA virus inhibits the expression of DLG1 for immune escape. Importantly, the E3 ligase March2 interacts with and promotes K27-linked polyubiquitination of IKKε, and p62 is a cargo receptor that recognizes ubiquitinated IKKε for eventual autophagic degradation. Together, the current findings elucidate the role of DLG1 in the antiviral IFN-I signaling pathway and viral infection repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Chang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Rukun Yang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aibiao Xiang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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16
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Xie W, Zhang C, Wang Z, Chen H, Gu T, Zhou T, Wu Y, Xia F, Li M, Wang J, Jiao R, Cui J, Jin S. ATG4B antagonizes antiviral immunity by GABARAP-directed autophagic degradation of TBK1. Autophagy 2023; 19:2853-2868. [PMID: 37434364 PMCID: PMC10549193 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2233846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IFN: interferon; IKBKE/IKKi: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; ISG: interferon-stimulated gene; ISRE: IFN-stimulated response element; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; MOI: multiplicity of infection; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecule patterns; RIGI/DDX58: RNA sensor RIG-I; SeV: Sendai virus; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; WT: wild-type; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Xie
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenqiu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tonghui Gu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Jiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Mirosław P, Jastrzębski JP, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. miRNA Expression Signatures Induced by Chicken Astrovirus Infection in Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15128. [PMID: 37894809 PMCID: PMC10606767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs represent ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and play an important and pivotal regulatory role in viral disease pathogenesis and virus-host interactions. Although previous studies have provided basic data for understanding the role of miRNAs in the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in birds, the role of miRNAs in the regulation of host responses to chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infection in chickens is not yet understood. In our study, we applied next-generation sequencing to profile miRNA expression in CAstV-infected chickens and to decipher miRNA-targeted specific signaling pathways engaged in potentially vital virus-infection biological processes. Among the 1354 detected miRNAs, we identified 58 mature miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in infected birds. Target prediction resulted in 4741 target genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular processes and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Paweł Mirosław
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jan P. Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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18
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Potokar M, Zorec R, Jorgačevski J. Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2307. [PMID: 37759529 PMCID: PMC10528686 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as important viral host cells in the central nervous system. These cells can produce relatively high quantities of new virions. In part, this can be attributed to the characteristics of astrocyte metabolism and its abundant and dynamic cytoskeleton network. Astrocytes are anatomically localized adjacent to interfaces between blood capillaries and brain parenchyma and between blood capillaries and brain ventricles. Moreover, astrocytes exhibit a larger membrane interface with the extracellular space than neurons. These properties, together with the expression of various and numerous viral entry receptors, a relatively high rate of endocytosis, and morphological plasticity of intracellular organelles, render astrocytes important target cells in neurotropic infections. In this review, we describe factors that mediate the high susceptibility of astrocytes to viral infection and replication, including the anatomic localization of astrocytes, morphology, expression of viral entry receptors, and various forms of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Pirttiniemi A, Adeshara K, Happonen N, Einarsdottir E, Katayama S, Salmenkari H, Hörkkö S, Kere J, Groop PH, Lehto M. Long-chain polyphosphates inhibit type I interferon signaling and augment LPS-induced cytokine secretion in human leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:250-265. [PMID: 37224571 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates are evolutionarily conserved bioactive phosphate polymers found as various chain lengths in all living organisms. In mammals, polyphosphates play a vital role in the regulation of cellular metabolism, coagulation, and inflammation. Long-chain polyphosphates are found along with endotoxins in pathogenic gram-negative bacteria and can participate in bacterial virulence. We aimed to investigate whether exogenously administered polyphosphates modulate human leukocyte function in vitro by treating the cells with 3 different chain lengths of polyphosphates (P14, P100, and P700). The long-chain polyphosphates, P700, had a remarkable capacity to downregulate type I interferon signaling dose dependently in THP1-Dual cells while only a slight elevation could be observed in the NF-κB pathway with the highest dose of P700. P700 treatment decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced IFNβ transcription and secretion, reduced STAT1 phosphorylation, and downregulated subsequent interferon-stimulated gene expression in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. P700 also augmented lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFNγ. Furthermore, P700 has previously been reported to increase the phosphorylation of several intracellular signaling mediators, such as AKT, mTOR, ERK, p38, GSK3α/β, HSP27, and JNK pathway components, which was supported by our findings. Taken together, these observations demonstrate the extensive modulatory effects P700 has on cytokine signaling and the inhibitory effects specifically targeted to type I interferon signaling in human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Pirttiniemi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Adeshara
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalie Happonen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Flemingsberg, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hanne Salmenkari
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Flemingsberg, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Smith M, Meliopoulos V, Tan S, Bub T, Brigleb PH, Sharp B, Crawford JC, Prater MS, Pruett-Miller SM, Schultz-Cherry S. The β6 Integrin Negatively Regulates TLR7-Mediated Epithelial Immunity via Autophagy During Influenza A Virus Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555098. [PMID: 37693589 PMCID: PMC10491108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are essential surface receptors that sense extracellular changes to initiate various intracellular signaling cascades. The rapid activation of the epithelial-intrinsic β6 integrin during influenza A virus (IAV) infection has been linked to innate immune impairments. Yet, how β6 regulates epithelial immunity remains undefined. Here, we identify the role of β6 in mediating the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) through the regulation of intracellular trafficking. We demonstrate that deletion of the β6 integrin in lung epithelial cells significantly enhances the TLR7-mediated activation of the type I interferon (IFN) response during homeostasis and respiratory infection. IAV-induced β6 facilitates TLR7 trafficking to lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2a) components, leading to a reduction in endosomal compartments and associated TLR7 signaling. Our findings reveal an unappreciated role of β6-induced autophagy in influencing epithelial immune responses during influenza virus infection.
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21
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Cao M, He C, Gong M, Wu S, He J. The effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different diseases: an evidence-map and umbrella review of 116 randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1132528. [PMID: 37426183 PMCID: PMC10325578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1132528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a solid evidence by synthesizing meta-analyses and updated RCTs about the effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different health conditions. Methods Data sources: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar from inception until 25th April, 2022. Study selection: English-language, meta-analyses and updated RCTs assessing the relationships between vitamin D and all-cause mortality. Data synthesis: Information of study characteristics, mortality, supplementation were extracted, estimating with fixed-effects model. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and funnel plot was used to assess risk of bias. Main outcomes: All-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality. Results In total of 27 meta-analyses and 19 updated RCTs were selected, with a total of 116 RCTs and 149, 865 participants. Evidence confirms that vitamin D reduces respiratory cancer mortality (RR, 0.56 [95%CI, 0.33 to 0.96]). All-cause mortality is decreased in patients with COVID-19 (RR, 0.54[95%CI, 0.33 to 0.88]) and liver diseases (RR, 0.64 [95%CI, 0.50 to 0.81]), especially in liver cirrhosis (RR, 0.63 [95%CI, 0.50 to 0.81]). As for other health conditions, such as the general health, chronic kidney disease, critical illness, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, sepsis, type 2 diabetes, no significant association was found between vitamin D and all-cause mortality. Conclusions Vitamin D may reduce respiratory cancer mortality in respiratory cancer patients and all-cause mortality in COVID-19 and liver disorders' patients. No benefits showed in all-cause mortality after vitamin D intervention among other health conditions. The hypothesis of reduced mortality with vitamin D still requires exploration. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=252921, identifier: CRD42021252921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Xing J, Hu C, Che S, Lan Y, Huang L, Liu L, Yin Y, Li H, Liao M, Qi W. USP1-Associated Factor 1 Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication by Governing Autophagy and Interferon-Stimulated Genes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0318622. [PMID: 36988464 PMCID: PMC10269463 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03186-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a typical mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause central nervous system diseases in humans and animals. Host factors attempt to limit virus replication when the viruses invade the host by using various strategies for replication. It is essential to clarify the host factors that affect the life cycle of JEV and explore its underlying mechanism. Here, we found that USP1-associated factor 1 (UAF1; also known as WD repeat-containing protein 48) modulated JEV replication. We found that JEV propagation significantly increased in UAF1-depleted Huh7 cells. Moreover, we found that knockdown of UAF1 activated cell autophagic flux in further functional analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that autophagy can be induced by JEV, which promotes viral replication by inhibiting interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in Huh7 cells. The knockdown of UAF1 reduced ISG expression during JEV infection. To explore the possible roles of autophagy in UAF1-mediated inhibition of JEV propagation, we knocked out ATG7 to generate autophagy-deficient cells and found that depletion of UAF1 failed to promote JEV replication in ATG7 knockout cells. Moreover, in ATG7-deficient Huh7 cells, interference with UAF1 expression did not lead to the induction of autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that UAF1 is a critical regulator of autophagy and reveal a mechanism by which UAF1 knockdown activates autophagy to promote JEV replication. IMPORTANCE Host factors play an essential role in virus replication and pathogenesis. Although UAF1 is well known to form complexes with ubiquitin-specific proteases, little is known about the function of the UAF1 protein itself. In this study, we confirmed that UAF1 is involved in JEV replication. Notably, we discovered a novel function for UAF1 in regulating autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UAF1 modulated JEV replication through its autophagy regulation. This study is the first description of the novel function of UAF1 in regulating autophagy, and it clarifies the underlying mechanism of the antiviral effect of UAF1 against JEV. These results provide a new mechanistic insight into the functional annotation of UAF1 and provide a potential target for increasing virus production during vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youqin Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Coderch C, Arranz-Herrero J, Nistal-Villan E, de Pascual-Teresa B, Rius-Rocabert S. The Many Ways to Deal with STING. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109032. [PMID: 37240378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein involved in the activation of IFN-β and many other genes associated with the immune response activation in vertebrates. STING induction has gained attention from different angles such as the potential to trigger an early immune response against different signs of infection and cell damage, or to be used as an adjuvant in cancer immune treatments. Pharmacological control of aberrant STING activation can be used to mitigate the pathology of some autoimmune diseases. The STING structure has a well-defined ligand binding site that can harbor natural ligands such as specific purine cyclic di-nucleotides (CDN). In addition to a canonical stimulation by CDNs, other non-canonical stimuli have also been described, whose exact mechanism has not been well defined. Understanding the molecular insights underlying the activation of STING is important to realize the different angles that need to be considered when designing new STING-binding molecules as therapeutic drugs since STING acts as a versatile platform for immune modulators. This review analyzes the different determinants of STING regulation from the structural, molecular, and cell biology points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Coderch
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Herrero
- Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
- Departamento CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Departamento CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Rocabert
- Departamento CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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24
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Paunovic V, Vucicevic L, Misirkic Marjanovic M, Perovic V, Ristic B, Bosnjak M, Mandic M, Stevanovic D, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Lalosevic J, Nikolic M, Bonaci-Nikolic B, Trajkovic V. Autophagy Receptor p62 Regulates SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation in COVID-19. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091282. [PMID: 37174682 PMCID: PMC10177105 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As autophagy can promote or inhibit inflammation, we examined autophagy-inflammation interplay in COVID-19. Autophagy markers in the blood of 19 control subjects and 26 COVID-19 patients at hospital admission and one week later were measured by ELISA, while cytokine levels were examined by flow cytometric bead immunoassay. The antiviral IFN-α and proinflammatory TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-33, and IFN-γ were elevated in COVID-19 patients at both time points, while IL-10 and IL-1β were increased at admission and one week later, respectively. Autophagy markers LC3 and ATG5 were unaltered in COVID-19. In contrast, the concentration of autophagic cargo receptor p62 was significantly lower and positively correlated with TNF, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-33 at hospital admission, returning to normal levels after one week. The expression of SARS-CoV-2 proteins NSP5 or ORF3a in THP-1 monocytes caused an autophagy-independent decrease or autophagy-inhibition-dependent increase, respectively, of intracellular/secreted p62, as confirmed by immunoblot/ELISA. This was associated with an NSP5-mediated decrease in TNF/IL-10 mRNA and an ORF3a-mediated increase in TNF/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10/IL-33 mRNA levels. A genetic knockdown of p62 mimicked the immunosuppressive effect of NSP5, and a p62 increase in autophagy-deficient cells mirrored the immunostimulatory action of ORF3a. In conclusion, the proinflammatory autophagy receptor p62 is reduced inacute COVID-19, and the balance between autophagy-independent decrease and autophagy blockade-dependent increase of p62 levels could affect SARS-CoV-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Misirkic Marjanovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Perovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Mandic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stevanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Lalosevic
- Clinic of Dermatovenereology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Clinic of Dermatovenereology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Bonaci-Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Ivanova T, Mariienko Y, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Sbirkov Y, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Sarafian V. Autophagy and SARS-CoV-2-Old Players in New Games. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7734. [PMID: 37175443 PMCID: PMC10178552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At present it is well-defined that autophagy is a fundamental process essential for cell life but its pro-viral and anti-viral role has been stated out with the COVID pandemic. However, viruses in turn have evolved diverse adaptive strategies to cope with autophagy driven host defense, either by blocking or hijacking the autophagy machinery for their own benefit. The mechanisms underlying autophagy modulation are presented in the current review which summarizes the accumulated knowledge on the crosstalk between autophagy and viral infections, with a particular emphasizes on SARS-CoV-2. The different types of autophagy related to infections and their molecular mechanisms are focused in the context of inflammation. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication and disease pathogenesis are discussed. Models to study autophagy and to formulate novel treatment approaches and pharmacological modulation to fight COVID-19 are debated. The SARS-CoV-2-autophagy interplay is presented, revealing the complex dynamics and the molecular machinery of autophagy. The new molecular targets and strategies to treat COVID-19 effectively are envisaged. In conclusion, our finding underline the importance of development new treatment strategies and pharmacological modulation of autophagy to fight COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomira Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliia Mariienko
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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26
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Qu X, Wang X, Liu B, Chen M, Ning J, Liu H, Liu G, Xu X, Zhang X, Yu K, Xu H, Lu X, Wang C. Potential roles of IFI44 genes in high resistance to Vibrio in hybrids of Argopecten scallops. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108702. [PMID: 36948367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio bacteria are often fatal to aquatic organisms and selection of Vibrio-resistant strains is warranted for aquaculture animals. In this study, we found that hybrids between bay scallops and Peruvian scallops exhibited significantly higher resistance to Vibrio challenge, but little is available on its mechanism. Interferon induced protein 44 (IFI44), a member of the type I interferon (IFN) family, plays an important role in the IFN immune response in invertebrates, which may also participate in the resistance to Vibrio in scallops. To explore the roles of IFI44 genes in the resistance to Vibrio, they were identified and characterized in the bay scallop (designated as AiIFI44), the Peruvian scallop (designated as ApIFI44), and their reciprocal hybrids (designated as AipIFI44 and ApiIFI44, respectively). Their open reading frame (ORF) sequences were all 1434 bp, encoding 477 amino acids, but with large variations among the four genes. The AipIFI44 and ApiIFI44 exhibited higher similarity with ApIFI44 than with AiIFI44. All four genes have a TLDc structural domain with significant variations in sequences among them. Predicted differences in conformation and posttranslational modifications may lead to altered protein activity. We further demonstrated that the AiIFI44, AipIFI44 and ApiIFI44 expressed in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression in the gills and hepatopancreas. In response to Vibrio anguillarum challenge, the profile of mRNA expression of IFI44 gene differed among the bay scallops and the two hybrids. In the bay scallops, it increased at 6 h but dramatically decreased after 12-48 h. However, the mRNA expression of both AipIFI44 and ApiIFI44 decreased at 6 h but continuously increased thereafter and reached the highest value at 48 h. The results in the present study suggest the immune responds of IFI44 in scallops and it may be related to the higher resistance to Vibrio bacterial in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Qu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Junhao Ning
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Yantai Spring-Sea AquaSeed, Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Guilong Liu
- Yantai Spring-Sea AquaSeed, Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Yantai Spring-Sea AquaSeed, Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - He Xu
- Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222144, China; Jiangsu Haitai MariTech Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222144, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.
| | - Chunde Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.
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27
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Xie T, Feng M, Zhang X, Li X, Mo G, Shi M, Zhang X. Chicken CH25H inhibits ALV-J replication by promoting cellular autophagy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093289. [PMID: 36875122 PMCID: PMC9975585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in host antiviral defense. The avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has been shown to inhibit autophagy while promoting viral replication. The underlying autophagic mechanisms, however, are unknown. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is a conserved interferon-stimulated gene, which converts cholesterol to a soluble antiviral factor, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). In this study, we further investigated the autophagic mechanism of CH25H resistance to ALV-J in chicken embryonic fibroblast cell lines (DF1). Our results found that overexpression of CH25H and treatment with 25HC promoted the autophagic markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and autophagy-related gene 5(ATG5), while decreased autophagy substrate p62/SQSTM1 (p62) expression in ALV-J infection DF-1 cells. Induction of cellular autophagy also reduces the levels of ALV-J gp85 and p27. ALV-J infection, on the other hand, suppresses autophagic marker protein LC3II expression. These findings suggest that CH25H-induced autophagy is a host defense mechanism that aids in ALV-J replication inhibition. In particular, CH25H interacts with CHMP4B and inhibits ALV-J infection in DF-1 cells by promoting autophagy, revealing a novel mechanism by which CH25H inhibits ALV-J infection. Although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, CH25H and 25HC are the first to show inhibiting ALV-J infection via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Inborn Errors of Immunity Predisposing to Herpes Simplex Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020310. [PMID: 36839582 PMCID: PMC9961685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus infections can lead to a number of severe clinical manifestations, particularly when involving the central nervous system (CNS), causing encephalitis and meningitis. However, understanding of the host factors conferring increased susceptibility to these diseases and their complications remains incomplete. Previous studies have uncovered defects in the innate Toll-like receptor 3 pathway and production of type I interferon (IFN-I) in children and adults that predispose them to herpes simplex encephalitis. More recently, there is accumulating evidence for an important role of IFN-independent cell-autonomous intrinsic mechanisms, including small nucleolar RNAs, RNA lariat metabolism, and autophagy, in restricting herpesvirus replication and conferring protection against CNS infection. The present review first describes clinical manifestations of HSV infection with a focus on neurological complications and then summarizes the host-pathogen interactions and innate immune pathways responsible for sensing herpesviruses and triggering antiviral responses and immunity. Next, we review the current landscape of inborn errors of immunity and the underlying genetic defects and disturbances of cellular immune pathways that confer increased susceptibility to HSV infection in CNS. Ultimately, we discuss some of the present outstanding unanswered questions relating to inborn errors of immunity and HSV CNS infection together with some perspectives and future directions for research in the pathogenesis of these severe diseases in humans.
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Zang L, Gu J, Yang X, Yuan Y, Guo H, Zhou W, Ma J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zheng H, Shi W. Ubiquitin-specific protease 24 promotes EV71 infection by restricting K63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Virol Sin 2023; 38:75-83. [PMID: 36334706 PMCID: PMC10006192 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an essential protein kinase for activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and induction of the type I interferons (IFN-I). Although the biochemical regulation of TBK1 activation has been studied, little is known about how enterovirus 71 (EV71) employs the deubiquitinases (DUBs) to regulate TBK1 activation for viral immune evasion. Here, we found that EV71 infection upregulated the expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 24 (USP24). Further studies revealed that USP24 physically interacted with TBK1, and can reduce K63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Knockdown of USP24 upregulated TBK1 K63-linked polyubiquitination, promoted the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3, and in turn improved IFN-I production during EV71 infection. As a consequence, USP24 knockdown dramatically inhibited EV71 infection. This study revealed USP24 as a novel regulator of TBK1 activation, which promotes the understanding of immune evasion mechanisms of EV71 and could provide a potential strategy for treatment of EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Hubei Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jinhong Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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30
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Mu W, Rezek V, Martin H, Carrillo MA, Tomer S, Hamid P, Lizarraga MA, Tibbe TD, Yang OO, Jamieson BD, Kitchen SG, Zhen A. Autophagy inducer rapamycin treatment reduces IFN-I-mediated Inflammation and improves anti-HIV-1 T cell response in vivo. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e159136. [PMID: 36509289 PMCID: PMC9746825 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is chronic inflammation, even in patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Chronic inflammation drives HIV-1 pathogenesis, leading to loss of CD4+ T cells and exhaustion of antiviral immunity. Therefore, strategies to safely reduce systematic inflammation are needed to halt disease progression and restore defective immune responses. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism for disposal of damaged organelles and elimination of intracellular pathogens. Autophagy is pivotal for energy homeostasis and plays critical roles in regulating immunity. However, how it regulates inflammation and antiviral T cell responses during HIV infection is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy is directly linked to IFN-I signaling, which is a key driver of immune activation and T cell exhaustion during chronic HIV infection. Impairment of autophagy leads to spontaneous IFN-I signaling, and autophagy induction reduces IFN-I signaling in monocytic cells. Importantly, in HIV-1-infected humanized mice, autophagy inducer rapamycin treatment significantly reduced persistent IFN-I-mediated inflammation and improved antiviral T cell responses. Cotreatment of rapamycin with ART led to significantly reduced viral rebound after ART withdrawal. Taken together, our data suggest that therapeutically targeting autophagy is a promising approach to treat persistent inflammation and improve immune control of HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Valerie Rezek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mayra A. Carrillo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shallu Tomer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philip Hamid
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Miguel A. Lizarraga
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tristan D. Tibbe
- Statistic Core, Department of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Otto O. Yang
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Scott G. Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Sarry M, Vitour D, Zientara S, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Molecular Interplays with IFN Response and the Importance of the Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102129. [PMID: 36298684 PMCID: PMC9610432 DOI: 10.3390/v14102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with a significant socioeconomic impact. One of the issues related to this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to persist in the organism of its hosts via underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The establishment of a virus–host equilibrium via protein–protein interactions could contribute to explaining these phenomena. FMDV has indeed developed numerous strategies to evade the immune response, especially the type I interferon response. Viral proteins target this innate antiviral response at different levels, ranging from blocking the detection of viral RNAs to inhibiting the expression of ISGs. The large diversity of impacts of these interactions must be considered in the light of the in vitro models that have been used to demonstrate them, some being sometimes far from biological systems. In this review, we have therefore listed the interactions between FMDV and the interferon response as exhaustively as possible, focusing on both their biological effect and the study models used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- AgroParisTech, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
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32
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Autophagy-Associated Immunogenic Modulation and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152324. [PMID: 35954167 PMCID: PMC9367255 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated cellular degradation pathway, recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolic balance and survival. Autophagy plays an important role in tumor immunotherapy as a “double-edged sword” that can both promote and inhibit tumor progression. Autophagy acts on innate and adaptive immunity and interacts with immune cells to modulate tumor immunotherapy. The discovery of autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors also provides new insights for clinical anti-tumor therapy. However, there are also difficulties in the application of autophagy-related regulators, such as low bioavailability and the lack of efficient selectivity. This review focuses on autophagy-related immunogenic regulation and its application in cancer therapy.
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33
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Dual control of tick-borne encephalitis virus replication by autophagy in mouse macrophages. Virus Res 2022; 315:198778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Silva RCMC, Ribeiro JS, da Silva GPD, da Costa LJ, Travassos LH. Autophagy Modulators in Coronavirus Diseases: A Double Strike in Viral Burden and Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:845368. [PMID: 35433503 PMCID: PMC9010404 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.845368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are the etiologic agents of several diseases. Coronaviruses of critical medical importance are characterized by highly inflammatory pathophysiology, involving severe pulmonary impairment and infection of multiple cell types within the body. Here, we discuss the interplay between coronaviruses and autophagy regarding virus life cycle, cell resistance, and inflammation, highlighting distinct mechanisms by which autophagy restrains inflammatory responses, especially those involved in coronavirus pathogenesis. We also address different autophagy modulators available and the rationale for drug repurposing as an attractive adjunctive therapy. We focused on pharmaceuticals being tested in clinical trials with distinct mechanisms but with autophagy as a common target. These autophagy modulators act in cell resistance to virus infection and immunomodulation, providing a double-strike to prevent or treat severe disease development and death from coronaviruses diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jhones Sousa Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Peixoto Duarte da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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35
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Bowornruangrit P, Kumkate S, Sirigulpanit W, Leardkamolkarn V. Combined Effects of Fludarabine and Interferon Alpha on Autophagy Regulation Define the Phase of Cell Survival and Promotes Responses in LLC-MK2 and K562 Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10010020. [PMID: 35323219 PMCID: PMC8950195 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a known mechanism of cells under internal stress that regulates cellular function via internal protein recycling and the cleaning up of debris, leading to healthy live cells. However, the stimulation of autophagy by external factors such as chemical compounds or viral infection mostly tends to induce apoptosis/cell death. This study hypothesizes that manipulation of the autophagy mechanism to the pro-cell survival and/or decreased pro-viral niche can be a strategy for effective antiviral and anticancer treatment. Cells susceptible to viral infection, namely LLC-MK2, normal monkey epithelium, and K562, human immune-related lymphocyte, which is also a cancer cell line, were treated with fludarabine nucleoside analog (Fdb), interferon alpha (IFN-α), and a combination of Fdb and IFN-α, and then were evaluated for signs of adaptive autophagy and STAT1 antiviral signaling by Western blotting and immunolabeling assays. The results showed that the low concentration of Fdb was able to activate an autophagy response in both cell types, as demonstrated by the intense immunostaining of LC3B foci in the autophagosomes of living cells. Treatment with IFN-α (10 U/mL) showed no alteration in the initiator of mTOR autophagy but dramatically increased the intracellular STAT1 signaling molecules in both cell types. Although in the combined Fdb and IFN-α treatment, both LLC-MK2 and K562 cells showed only slight changes in the autophagy-responsive proteins p-mTOR and LC3B, an adaptive autophagy event was clearly shown in the autophagosome of the LLC-MK2 cell, suggesting the survival phase of the normal cell. The combined effect of Fdb and IFN-α treatment on the antiviral response was identified by the level of activation of the STAT1 antiviral marker. Significantly, the adaptive autophagy mediated by Fdb was able to suppress the IFN-α-mediated pSTAT1 signaling in both cell types to a level that is appropriate for cellular function. It is concluded that the administration of an appropriate dose of Fdb and IFN-α in combination is beneficial for the treatment of some types of cancer and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supeecha Kumkate
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Wipawan Sirigulpanit
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Vijittra Leardkamolkarn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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36
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Rickman AD, Hilyard A, Heckmann BL. Dying by fire: noncanonical functions of autophagy proteins in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:246-250. [PMID: 34269183 PMCID: PMC8463974 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key components in the establishment and progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Over the past decade increasing evidence is emerging for the use of components of the canonical autophagy machinery in pathways that are characterized by LC3 lipidation yet are distinct from traditional macro-autophagy. One such pathway that utilizes components of the autophagy machinery to target LC3 to endosomes, a process termed LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO), has recently been identified and regulates neuroinflammation. Abrogation of LANDO in microglia cells results in a propensity for elevated neuroinflammatory cytokine production. Using the well-established 5xFAD model of AD to interrogate neuroinflammatory regulation, impairment of LANDO through deletion of a key upstream regulator Rubicon or other downstream autophagy components, exacerbated disease onset and severity, while deletion of microglial autophagy alone had no measurable effect. Mice presented with robust deposition of the neurotoxic AD protein β-amyloid (Aβ), microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine production, tau phosphorylation, and aggressive neurodegeneration culminating in severe memory impairment. LANDO-deficiency impaired recycling of receptors that recognize Aβ, including TLR4 and TREM2. LANDO-deficiency alone through deletion of the WD-domain of the autophagy protein ATG16L, revealed a role for LANDO in the spontaneous establishment of age-associated AD. LANDO-deficient mice aged to 2 years presented with advanced AD-like disease and pathology correlative to that observed in human AD patients. Together, these studies illustrate an important role for microglial LANDO in regulating CNS immune activation and protection against neurodegeneration. New evidence is emerging that demonstrates a putative linkage between pathways such as LANDO and cell death regulation via apoptosis and possibly necroptosis. Herein, we provide a review of the use of the autophagy machinery in non-canonical mechanisms that alter immune regulation and could have significant impact in furthering our understanding of not only CNS diseases like AD, but likely beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D. Rickman
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology & Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Addison Hilyard
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Neuroscience Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bradlee L. Heckmann
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Neuroscience Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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37
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Lee J, Ou JHJ. Hepatitis C virus and intracellular antiviral response. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 52:244-249. [PMID: 34973476 PMCID: PMC8844188 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To establish successful infection in cells, it is essential for hepatitis C virus (HCV) to overcome intracellular antiviral responses. The host cell mechanism that fights against the virus culminates in the production of interferons (IFNs), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. HCV has developed multiple means to disrupt the host signaling pathways that lead to these antiviral responses. HCV impedes signaling pathways initiated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), usurps and uses the antiviral autophagic response to enhance its replication, alters mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism to prevent cell death and attenuate IFN response, and dysregulates inflammasomal response to cause IFN resistance and immune tolerance. These effects of HCV allow HCV to successful replicate and persist in its host cells.
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38
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Oliveira-Mendonça LS, Mendes ÉA, Castro JO, Silva MM, Santos AG, Kaneto CM, Dias SO, Allaman IB, Vannier-Santos MA, Silva JF, Augusto DG, Anjos DOD, Santos NAS, Lima KP, Horta MF, Albuquerque GR, Costa MGC, Silva-Jardim I, Santos JLD. Trichoderma stromaticum spores induce autophagy and downregulate inflammatory mediators in human peripheral blood-derived macrophages. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100145. [PMID: 35909603 PMCID: PMC9325901 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T. stromaticum biocontrol agent induces autophagy, up-regulating autophagy-related genes T. stromaticum modulates expression of micro RNAs that control imune response T. stromaticum dow-nregulates expression of TLR2, TLR4, CLEC7A, NLRP3, IL-10, IL1β and IL18 T. stromaticum modulates ROS production
Trichoderma spp. are usually considered safe and normally used as biocontrol and biofertilization. Safety for human health is evaluated by several tests that detect various effects such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity, and pathogenicity. However, they do not evaluate the effects of the agent upon the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between T. stromaticum spores and mammalian cells to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the spores of this fungus. First, mouse macrophage cell line J774 and human macrophages were exposed to fungal spores and analyzed for structural features, through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Then, various analysis were performed in human macrophages as to their effect in some functional and molecular aspects of the immune system through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and gene expression assays. We demonstrated that T. stromaticum spores induces autophagy and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and downmodulate inflammatory mediators, including ROS, NLRP3, the cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-12 and IL-10, as well as TLR2, TLR4, miR-146b and miR-155, which may lead to an augmented susceptibility to pathogens. Our study shows the extension of damages the biofungicide Tricovab® can cause in the innate immune response. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other innate and adaptive immune responses and, consequently, the safety of this fungus when in contact with humans.
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Xie W, Jin S, Zhang C, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Songyang Z, Cui J. Selective autophagy controls the stability of TBK1 via NEDD4 to balance host defense. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:40-53. [PMID: 34257412 PMCID: PMC8738727 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a core kinase of antiviral immunity, the activity and stability of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is tightly controlled by multiple post-translational modifications. Although it has been demonstrated that TBK1 stability can be regulated by ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway, it is unclear whether another important protein degradation pathway, autophagosome pathway, can specifically affect TBK1 degradation by cargo receptors. Here we report that E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 functions as a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) signaling by targeting TBK1 for degradation at the late stage of viral infection, to prevent the host from excessive immune response. Mechanically NEDD4 catalyzes the K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of TBK1 at K344, which serves as a recognition signal for cargo receptor NDP52-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Taken together, our study reveals the regulatory role of NEDD4 in balancing TBK1-centered type I IFN activation and provides insights into the crosstalk between selective autophagy and antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Xie
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Chenqiu Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jun Cui
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
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Xu J, Ji Y, Shogren KL, Okuno SH, Yaszemski MJ, Maran A. RNA-dependent protein kinase is required for interferon-γ-induced autophagy in MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Gene 2021; 802:145865. [PMID: 34352301 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to exert antitumor effects in osteosarcoma cells, although the molecular mechanisms have not been fully realized. We investigated IFN-γ actions on osteosarcoma cells. Our results show that IFN-γ induces the accumulation of autophagosomes in osteosarcoma cells. IFN-γ treatment leads to the conversion of autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II in osteosarcoma cells, and this conversion is accompanied by puncta formation. Also, IFN-γ-mediated induction of autophagosome formation and autophagic flux require RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) activity. In addition, our findings show that IFN-γ-mediated osteosarcoma cell death is not dependent on PKR. Our study suggests that IFN-γ has differential effects that lead to induction of cell death and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Further evaluation of the IFN-γ-mediated molecular mechanism could lead to improved understanding of and targeted treatment strategies for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Musculoskeletal Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Scott H Okuno
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Putative Role of Vitamin D for COVID-19 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168988. [PMID: 34445700 PMCID: PMC8396570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new, highly pathogenic virus that has recently elicited a global pandemic called the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is characterized by significant immune dysfunction, which is caused by strong but unregulated innate immunity with depressed adaptive immunity. Reduced and delayed responses to interferons (IFN-I/IFN-III) can increase the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and extensive immune cell infiltration into the airways, leading to pulmonary disease. The development of effective treatments for severe COVID-19 patients relies on our knowledge of the pathophysiological components of this imbalanced innate immune response. Strategies to address innate response factors will be essential. Significant efforts are currently underway to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccines, such as inactivated DNA, mRNA, and protein subunit vaccines, have already been applied in clinical use. Various vaccines display different levels of effectiveness, and it is important to continue to optimize and update their composition in order to increase their effectiveness. However, due to the continuous emergence of variant viruses, improving the immunity of the general public may also increase the effectiveness of the vaccines. Many observational studies have demonstrated that serum levels of vitamin D are inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of COVID-19. Extensive evidence has shown that vitamin D supplementation could be vital in mitigating the progression of COVID-19 to reduce its severity. Vitamin D defends against SARS-CoV-2 through a complex mechanism through interactions between the modulation of innate and adaptive immune reactions, ACE2 expression, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, it remains unclear whether Vit-D also plays an important role in the effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines. Based on analysis of the molecular mechanism involved, we speculated that vit-D, via various immune signaling pathways, plays a complementary role in the development of vaccine efficacy.
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Abstract
African swine fever is a devastating disease of domestic swine and wild boar caused by a large double-stranded DNA virus that encodes for more than 150 open reading frames. There is no licensed vaccine for the disease and the most promising current candidates are modified live viruses that have been attenuated by deletion of virulence factors. Like many viruses African swine fever virus significantly alters the host cell machinery to benefit its replication and viral genes that modify host pathways represent promising targets for development of gene deleted vaccines. Autophagy is an important cellular pathway that is involved in cellular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immunity and therefore is manipulated by a number of different viruses. Autophagy is regulated by a complex protein cascade and here we show that African swine fever virus can block formation of autophagosomes, a critical functional step of the autophagy pathway through at least two different mechanisms. Interestingly this does not require the A179L gene that has been shown to interact with Beclin-1, an important autophagy regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth L Shimmon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Joshua Y K Hui
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Thomas E Wileman
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.,Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
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Liu Y, Tang Q, Rao Z, Fang Y, Jiang X, Liu W, Luan F, Zeng N. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus 1 by cepharanthine via promoting cellular autophagy through up-regulation of STING/TBK1/P62 pathway. Antiviral Res 2021; 193:105143. [PMID: 34303748 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP), a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the genus CEP of the Tetrandrine family, was reported to possess many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, and immune-enhancing effects. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of CEP against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are still elusive. In this study, we explored the anti-HSV effects and mechanisms of CEP in vitro. The results showed that CEP possessed a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1 infection with the TC50 of 5.4 μg/mL, the IC50 of 0.835 μg/mL, and the TI of 6.47. Most importantly, CEP could promote the phosphorylation of STING, TBK1, and P62 and the expression of LC3II without induction of interferon by directly targeting the STING/TBK1/P62 signaling pathways. Electron microscopy showed that autophagy induced by CEP could degrade viral particles and cellular components. RT-PCR results revealed that a sharp reduction of large numbers of virus gene transcription in 16 h after CEP treatment. Furthermore, CEP also reduced the HSV-1 gB and gC transcription. In conclusion, one of the effects of CEP was to promote interferon-independent autophagy through STING mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, PR China
| | - Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Zhili Rao
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Yang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Xinni Jiang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, PR China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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Kim SR, Jeong MS, Mun SH, Cho J, Seo MD, Kim H, Lee J, Song JH, Ko HJ. Antiviral Activity of Chrysin against Influenza Virus Replication via Inhibition of Autophagy. Viruses 2021; 13:1350. [PMID: 34372556 PMCID: PMC8310364 DOI: 10.3390/v13071350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory infections in humans and animals, which have high morbidity and mortality rates. Although several drugs that inhibit viral neuraminidase are used to treat influenza infections, the emergence of resistant viruses necessitates the urgent development of new antiviral drugs. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid that exhibits antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 (EV71) by inhibiting viral 3C protease activity. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of chrysin against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (A/PR/8). Chrysin significantly inhibited A/PR/8-mediated cell death and the replication of A/PR/8 at concentrations up to 2 μM. Viral hemagglutinin expression was also markedly decreased by the chrysin treatment in A/PR/8-infected cells. Through the time course experiment and time-of-addition assay, we found that chrysin inhibited viral infection at the early stages of the replication cycle. Additionally, the nucleoprotein expression of A/PR/8 in A549 cells was reduced upon treatment with chrysin. Regarding the mechanism of action, we found that chrysin inhibited autophagy activation by increasing the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We also confirmed a decrease in LC3B expression and LC3-positive puncta levels in A/PR/8-infected cells. These results suggest that chrysin exhibits antiviral activity by activating mTOR and inhibiting autophagy to inhibit the replication of A/PR/8 in the early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryeol Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-H.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Myeong-Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.-S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Seo-Hyeon Mun
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-H.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaewon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-H.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-D.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-D.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Jooeun Lee
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.-S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-H.M.); (J.C.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-H.M.); (J.C.)
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Oh SJ, Lim BK, Yun J, Shin OS. CVB3-Mediated Mitophagy Plays an Important Role in Viral Replication via Abrogation of Interferon Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:704494. [PMID: 34295842 PMCID: PMC8292102 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.704494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a common enterovirus that causes systemic inflammatory diseases, such as myocarditis, meningitis, and encephalitis. CVB3 has been demonstrated to subvert host cellular responses via autophagy to support viral replication in neural stem cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, contributes to mitochondrial quality control via degrading damaged mitochondria. Here, we show that CVB3 infection induces mitophagy in human neural progenitor cells, HeLa and H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In particular, CVB3 infection triggers mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and Parkin/LC3 translocation to the mitochondria. Rapamycin or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) treatment led to increased CVB3 RNA copy number in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting enhanced viral replication via autophagy/mitophagy activation, whereas knockdown of PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1(PINK1) led to impaired mitophagy and subsequent reduction in viral replication. Furthermore, CCCP treatment inhibits the interaction between mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1), thus contributing to the abrogation of type I and III interferon (IFN) production, suggesting that mitophagy is essential for the inhibition of interferon signaling. Our findings suggest that CVB3-mediated mitophagy suppresses IFN pathways by promoting fragmentation and subsequent sequestration of mitochondria by autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Pellegrini JM, Martin C, Morelli MP, Schander JA, Tateosian NL, Amiano NO, Rolandelli A, Palmero DJ, Levi A, Ciallella L, Colombo MI, García VE. PGE2 displays immunosuppressive effects during human active tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13559. [PMID: 34193890 PMCID: PMC8245456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an active lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, regulates different stages of the immune response of the host during several pathologies such as chronic infections or cancer. In fact, manipulation of PGE2 levels was proposed as an approach for countering the Type I IFN signature of tuberculosis (TB). However, very limited information regarding the PGE2 pathway in patients with active TB is currently available. In the present work, we demonstrated that PGE2 exerts a potent immunosuppressive action during the immune response of the human host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Actually, we showed that PGE2 significantly reduced the surface expression of several immunological receptors, the lymphoproliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, PGE2 promoted autophagy in monocytes and neutrophils cultured with Mtb antigens. These results suggest that PGE2 might be attenuating the excessive inflammatory immune response caused by Mtb, emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. Taken together, our findings contribute to the knowledge of the role of PGE2 in the human host resistance to Mtb and highlight the potential of this lipid mediator as a tool to improve anti-TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Martin
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Morelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Aylen Schander
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de La Preñez y El Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos Y Botánicos , CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Rolandelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo Juan Palmero
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Levi
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Ciallella
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Peng MY, Liu WC, Zheng JQ, Lu CL, Hou YC, Zheng CM, Song JY, Lu KC, Chao YC. Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Putative Beneficial Role of Vitamin-D. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5251. [PMID: 34065735 PMCID: PMC8155889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still an ongoing global health crisis. Immediately after the inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, alveolar type II epithelial cells harbor and initiate local innate immunity. These particles can infect circulating macrophages, which then present the coronavirus antigens to T cells. Subsequently, the activation and differentiation of various types of T cells, as well as uncontrollable cytokine release (also known as cytokine storms), result in tissue destruction and amplification of the immune response. Vitamin D enhances the innate immunity required for combating COVID-19 by activating toll-like receptor 2. It also enhances antimicrobial peptide synthesis, such as through the promotion of the expression and secretion of cathelicidin and β-defensin; promotes autophagy through autophagosome formation; and increases the synthesis of lysosomal degradation enzymes within macrophages. Regarding adaptive immunity, vitamin D enhances CD4+ T cells, suppresses T helper 17 cells, and promotes the production of virus-specific antibodies by activating T cell-dependent B cells. Moreover, vitamin D attenuates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4+ T cells through nuclear factor κB signaling, thereby inhibiting the development of a cytokine storm. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells after its spike proteins are bound to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Vitamin D increases the bioavailability and expression of ACE2, which may be responsible for trapping and inactivating the virus. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) is responsible for tissue destruction, inflammation, and organ failure related to SARS-CoV-2. Vitamin D inhibits renin expression and serves as a negative RAS regulator. In conclusion, vitamin D defends the body against SARS-CoV-2 through a novel complex mechanism that operates through interactions between the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, ACE2 expression, and inhibition of the RAS system. Multiple observation studies have shown that serum concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D are inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of COVID-19. The evidence gathered thus far, generally meets Hill's causality criteria in a biological system, although experimental verification is not sufficient. We speculated that adequate vitamin D supplementation may be essential for mitigating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Future studies are warranted to determine the dosage and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation among different populations of individuals with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yieh Peng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Quan Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Yeu Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - You-Chen Chao
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
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Nam RK, Benatar T, Amemiya Y, Seth A. MiR-139 Induces an Interferon-β Response in Prostate Cancer Cells by Binding to RIG-1. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:197-206. [PMID: 33893074 PMCID: PMC8126337 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified a panel of five miRNAs associated with prostate cancer recurrence and metastasis. Expression of one of the down-regulated miRNAs, miR-139-5p, was significantly associated with a lower incidence of biochemical recurrence and metastasis. Transcriptome profiling of miR-139-expressing prostate cancer cells revealed up-regulation of genes involved in interferon (IFN) stimulation. The association between miR-139 and IFN-β was further explored in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined miR-139 transfected PC3, Du145 and LNCaP cells and the associated IFN response by transcriptome sequencing, immunoblotting and pulldown assays. RESULTS Treatment of prostate cancer cells by miR-139 resulted in the up-regulation of IFN-related genes. Specifically, miR-139 induced expression of the IFN-β protein. The ability of miR-139 to induce IFN-β was due to its binding to RIG-1 and the induction of IFN-related genes was found to be dependent on RIG-1 expression. CONCLUSION miR-139 acts as an immune agonist of RIG-1 to enhance IFN-β response in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Nam
- Department of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Benatar
- Platform Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yutaka Amemiya
- Genomics Core Facility, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arun Seth
- Platform Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;
- Genomics Core Facility, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hamaoui D, Subtil A. ATG16L1 functions in cell homeostasis beyond autophagy. FEBS J 2021; 289:1779-1800. [PMID: 33752267 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atg16-like (ATG16L) proteins were identified in higher eukaryotes for their resemblance to Atg16, a yeast protein previously characterized as a subunit of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 complex. In yeast, this complex catalyzes the lipidation of Atg8 on pre-autophagosomal structures and is therefore required for the formation of autophagosomes. In higher eukaryotes, ATG16L1 is also almost exclusively present as part of an ATG12-ATG5/ATG16L1 complex and has the same essential function in autophagy. However, ATG16L1 is three times bigger than Atg16. It displays, in particular, a carboxy-terminal extension, including a WD40 domain, which provides a platform for interaction with a variety of proteins, and allows for the recruitment of the ATG12-ATG5/ATG16L1 complex to membranes under different contexts. Furthermore, detailed analyses at the cellular level have revealed that some of the ATG16L1-driven activities are independent of the lipidation reaction catalyzed by the ATG12-ATG5/ATG16L1 complex. At the organ level, the use of mice that are hypomorphic for Atg16l1, or with cell-specific ablation of its expression, revealed a large panel of consequences of ATG16L1 dysfunctions. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge on ATG16L1 expression and functions. We emphasize, in particular, how it broadly acts as a brake on inflammation, thereby contributing to maintaining cell homeostasis. We also report on independent studies that converge to show that ATG16L1 is an important player in the regulation of intracellular traffic. Overall, autophagy-independent functions of ATG16L1 probably account for more of the phenotypes associated with ATG16L1 deficiencies than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hamaoui
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l'Infection Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Subtil
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l'Infection Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Paris, France
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50
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603224. [PMID: 33763351 PMCID: PMC7982729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suares
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Medina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Coso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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