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Xu H, Zhang H, Qin C, Li X, Xu D, Zhao Y. Groundwater Cr(VI) contamination and remediation: A review from 1999 to 2022. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142395. [PMID: 38797207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination of groundwater has traditionally been an environmental issue of great concern due to its bioaccumulative and highly toxic nature. This paper presents a review and bibliometric analysis of the literature on the interest area "Cr(VI) in groundwater" published in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1999 to 2022. First, information on 203 actual Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater sites around the world was summarized, and the basic characteristics of the sources and concentrations of contamination were derived. 68.95% of the sites were due to human causes and 56.43% of these sites had Cr(VI) concentrations in the range of 0-10 mg/L. At groundwater sites with high Cr(VI) contamination due to natural causes, 75.00% of the sites had Cr(VI) concentrations less than 0.2 mg/L. A total of 936 papers on "Cr(VI) in groundwater" were retrieved for bibliometric analysis: interest in research on Cr(VI) in groundwater has grown rapidly in recent years; 59.4% of the papers were published in the field of environmental sciences. A systematic review of the progress of studies on the Cr(VI) removal/remediation based on reduction, adsorption and biological processes is presented. Out of 666 papers on Cr(VI) removal/remediation, 512, 274, and 75 papers dealt with the topics of reduction, adsorption, and bioremediation, respectively. In addition, several studies have demonstrated the potential applicability of natural attenuation in the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater. This paper will help researchers to understand and investigate methodological strategies to remove Cr(VI) from groundwater in a more targeted and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chuanyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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2
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Truong QM, Nguyen TB, Chen CW, Chen WH, Bui XT, Dong CD. KHCO 3-activated high surface area biochar derived from brown algae: A case study for efficient adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118227. [PMID: 38253192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of biochar formed from algae in the removal of Cr(VI) through the process of impregnating brown algae Sargassum hemiphyllum with KHCO3. The synthesis of KHCO3-activated biochar (KBAB-3), demonstrating remarkable adsorption capabilities for Cr(VI), was accomplished utilizing a mixture of brown algae and KHCO3 in a mass ratio of 1:3, followed by calcination at a temperature of 700 °C. Based on the empirical evidence, it can be observed that KBAB-3 shown a significant ability to adsorb Cr(VI) within a range of 60-160 mg g-1 across different environmental conditions. In addition, the KBAB-3 material demonstrated the advantageous characteristic of easy separation, allowing for the continued maintenance of a high efficiency in removing Cr(VI) even after undergoing numerous cycles of reuse. In conclusion, the application of KBAB-3, a novel adsorbent, exhibits considerable prospects for effective removal of Cr(VI) from diverse water sources in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Minh Truong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Management Science, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong 75000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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3
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Nidheesh PV, Kumar M, Venkateshwaran G, Ambika S, Bhaskar S, Vinay, Ghosh P. Conversion of locally available materials to biochar and activated carbon for drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141566. [PMID: 38428536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence, locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermo-chemically derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and their thermo-chemically produced by-products to purify drinking water, as well as the necessity for technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - G Venkateshwaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Ambika
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, NIT Campus, P.O 673 601, Kozhikode, India
| | - Vinay
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Industrial Pollution Control-IV Division, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, 110032, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Phiri Z, Moja NT, Nkambule TT, de Kock LA. Utilization of biochar for remediation of heavy metals in aqueous environments: A review and bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25785. [PMID: 38375270 PMCID: PMC10875440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar usage for removing heavy metals from aqueous environments has emerged as a promising research area with significant environmental and economic benefits. Using the PICO approach, the research question aimed to explore using biochar to remove heavy metals from aqueous media. We merged the data from Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection databases to acquire a comprehensive perspective of the subject. The PRISMA guidelines were applied to establish the search parameters, identify the appropriate articles, and collect the bibliographic information from the publications between 2010 and 2022. The bibliometric analysis showed that biochar-based heavy metal remediation is a research field with increasing scholarly attention. The removal of Cr(VI), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) was the most studied among the heavy metals. We identified five main clusters centered on adsorption, water treatment, adsorption models, analytical techniques, and hydrothermal carbonization by performing keyword co-occurrence analysis. Trending topics include biochar reusability, modification, acid mine drainage (AMD), wastewater treatment, and hydrochar. The reutilization of heavy metal-loaded spent biochar includes transforming it into electrodes for supercapacitors or stable catalyst materials. This study provides a comprehensive overview of biochar-based heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments and highlights knowledge gaps and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebron Phiri
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel T. Moja
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Thabo T.I. Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Lueta-Ann de Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
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Zou D, Wu Y, Peng Y, Lei J, Wang G, Wang J, Pan Y, Yan W, Chen X. Characterization and application of Fe-modified biochar alleviating Cr(VI) stress in pak choi seedling cultivated in Cr-polluted hydroponics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139793. [PMID: 37572714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the common environmental pollutants, which causes severe health hazards on human health and environmental security. In this study, we characterized two biochars, a raw biochar (RBC) and a Fe-modified biochar (MBC) made from poplar wood chips and determined the effect of the two biochars on remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in hydroponic system by monitoring Pak choi growth. Results showed the surface area, pore number and pore volume were significantly higher in MBC than in PBC, but the pore size was larger in PBC than in MBC. When compared to the control, low concentrations of Cr(VI) (≤2 mg L-1) promoted the growth and biomass production of Pak choi by 10-78%. In contrast, the high concentrations of Cr(VI) (≥4 mg L-1) showed a significantly reduction of the growth and biomass production of Pak choi by 10-28%. Fe-modified biochar (MBC) had a more significant impact than RBC on the remediation of Cr in the Cr(VI) pollution and improved growth and biomass production of Pak choi to a greater extent. Our study indicated that MBC has a better effect on degrading Cr(VI) pollution. The findings provide scientific basis and reference for the remediation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems by using biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yaohui Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL, 60655, USA
| | - Junjie Lei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yuliang Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, IL 60484, USA.
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6
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El-Nemr MA, Hassaan MA, Ashour I. Formation of self-nitrogen-doping activated carbon from Fish/sawdust/ZnCl 2 by hydrothermal and pyrolysis for toxic chromium adsorption from wastewater. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11556. [PMID: 37463967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study gives a description of the formation of self-nitrogen doped activated carbon (NDAC) by a novel way of employing fish meal (mixture of Atherina hepseetus and Sardina pilchardus of 60% protein) as nitrogen dopant, ZnCl2 as impregnate agent, sawdust as carbon source and water with a mass ratio (2:1:1:12), which subjected to the hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal mixture was oven dried and carbonized under a flow of nitrogen for one h at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The characterization of NDAC was performed by using various analytical techniques analyses. The synthesized NDAC exhibited unique features such as microporous structure (1.84 ~ 2.01 nm), high surface area (437.51 ~ 680.86 m2/g), the volume of total pores (0.22 ~ 0.32 cm3/g) and nitrogen content (12.82 ~ 13.73%). Batch removal tests were achieved to investigate the impact of chromium ions starting concentration (100-400 mg/L), NDAC dose (0.5-2.5 g/L), pH and contact time (5-120 min). Such helpful characteristics of NDAC, particularly for NDAC600, were suitable to use as an excellent adsorbent for Cr6+ ions with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) (769.23 mg/g), and the highest chromium ions adsorption uptake (81.18%) was obtained at pH value 1.5 at room temperature. Both Halsey and Temkin models fitted the adsorption data quite reasonably. The uptake of toxic chromium ions is best represented with pseudo-second-order rate kinetics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Ashour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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7
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Gao F, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Structural Properties of Graphene Oxide Prepared from Graphite by Three Different Methods and the Effect on Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020279. [PMID: 36678032 PMCID: PMC9867312 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, three types of graphene oxides (GOs, GO-M1, GO-M2 and GO-M3) have been successfully prepared from graphite by three different methods and utilized for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Further, the effects of initial concentration and pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on the adsorption performance of GOs were investigated by batch adsorption experiments. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms for Cr(VI) adsorption by GOs are mainly the redox reaction and electrostatic attraction, while there are also pore filling, ion exchange and complexation involved in these adsorption processes. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm data indicate that these adsorption processes of GOs on Cr(VI) are dominantly monolayer chemisorption and equilibrium can be reached in 30 min. The saturation adsorption capacities (Qm, 298.15 K) of GO-M1, GO-M2 and GO-M3 for Cr(VI) are estimated to be 3.5412 mg⋅g-1, 2.3631 mg⋅g-1 and 7.0358 mg⋅g-1, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption thermodynamic study showed that these adsorption processes of Cr(VI) by the three types of GOs at 298.15 K to 323.15 K are endothermic, entropy-driven and thermodynamically spontaneous and feasible. Overall, these findings provided vital insights into the mechanism and application of Cr(VI) removal by GOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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8
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Diaz-Uribe C, Walteros L, Duran F, Vallejo W, Romero Bohórquez AR. Prosopis juliflora Seed Waste as Biochar for the Removal of Blue Methylene: A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:42916-42925. [PMID: 36467916 PMCID: PMC9713793 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption capacity on biochar derived from residues of Prosopis juliflora seed waste, a species found in the region of the tropical dry forest of Piojó in the Department of Atlántico, Colombia. The materials were obtained by pyrolysis at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C. Biochar was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), TGA, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. The three biochar samples presented a macroporous, rough structure with pore size between 6 and 28 μm. The largest pore surface area observed was 1.28 m2/g for pyrolyzed biochar produced at 500 °C, larger than that of biochar produced at 700 °C, which was 0.83 m2/g. The adsorption results show that the maximum percentage of MB removal was 69%. According to SEM results, the material's pore sizes varied on average from 6 to 28 μm. We modeled MB adsorption on biomass through three different isotherm models. The Freundlich model was the best-fitting model for the removal of MB (K F = 1.447; 1/n = 0.352). The kinetic results showed that the pseudo-second-order model was the best-fitting model for the sorption process (q e = 2.94 mg/g; k 2 = 0.087 g/(mg/min-1)). Furthermore, the recycling test showed that the biochar did not change its adsorption capacity significantly. Finally, under the experimental conditions, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the removal of MB using biochar was an endothermic and spontaneous process; all ΔG° values ranged from -2.14 to -0.95 kJ/mol; ΔH° was 23.54 kJ/mol and ΔS° was 79.5 J/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz-Uribe
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología,
Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia081007, Colombia
| | - Luis Walteros
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología,
Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia081007, Colombia
| | - Freider Duran
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología,
Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia081007, Colombia
| | - William Vallejo
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología,
Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia081007, Colombia
| | - Arnold R. Romero Bohórquez
- Grupo
de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés
Medicinal (CODEIM), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga680002, Colombia
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9
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Sharma P, Prakash J, Palai T, Kaushal R. Surface functionalization of bamboo leave mediated synthesized SiO 2 nanoparticles: Study of adsorption mechanism, isotherms and enhanced adsorption capacity for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113761. [PMID: 35793724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) provides economic and environmental benefits as an alternative to chemical or physical methods. Furthermore, the surface properties of such NPs can be modulated by means of the functionalization with different groups making them suitable for various advanced functional applications including water pollutants removal using adsorption technique. In the present work, an eco-friendly synthesis route for nano-adsorbent SiO2 NPs and subsequent surface modifications for enhanced adsorption capacity in removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution are reported. The green synthesis of SiO2 NPs was carried out using simple bamboo leaves followed by surface modification with amine (A-SiO2) and carboxylic (C-SiO2) functional groups with aim to study the effect of functionalization on adsorption capacity. These nano-adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XPS, BET, and zeta potential. and adsorption of Cr(VI) was studied at varying parameters i.e. NPs mass, contact time, and solution pH. The investigation shows interesting results revealing the importance of interactions between the surface functional groups on SiO2 NPs and Cr(VI) species as well as experimental conditions for the choice of surface modifier to achieve a maximum adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism has been studied using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity has been achieved in the case of A-SiO2 NPs which was found to 174 mg/g and much higher than that of SiO2 and C-SiO2 NPs attributed to the selective adsorption and pH conditions. Additionally, A-SiO2 NPs exhibit excellent recyclability indicating their suitability for promising and long term potential applications. This study provides a novel, simple and cost-effective synthesis/surface engineering technology for producing high performance recyclable nano-adsorbents for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, H.P.-177005, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, H.P.-177005, India.
| | - Tapas Palai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, H.P.-177005, India
| | - Raj Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, H.P.-177005, India.
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10
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Marzeddu S, Décima MA, Camilli L, Bracciale MP, Genova V, Paglia L, Marra F, Damizia M, Stoller M, Chiavola A, Boni MR. Physical-Chemical Characterization of Different Carbon-Based Sorbents for Environmental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207162. [PMID: 36295233 PMCID: PMC9607634 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been used in various applications, e.g., as a soil conditioner and in remediation of contaminated water, wastewater, and gaseous emissions. In the latter application, biochar was shown to be a suitable alternative to activated carbon, providing high treatment efficiency. Since biochar is a by-product of waste pyrolysis, its use allows for compliance with circular economics. Thus, this research aims to obtain a detailed characterization of three carbonaceous materials: an activated carbon (CARBOSORB NC 1240®) and two biochars (RE-CHAR® and AMBIOTON®). In particular, the objective of this work is to compare the properties of three carbonaceous materials to evaluate whether the application of the two biochars is the same as that of activated carbon. The characterization included, among others, particle size distribution, elemental analysis, pH, scanning electron microscope, pore volume, specific surface area, and ionic exchange capacity. The results showed that CARBOSORB NC 1240® presented a higher specific surface (1126.64 m2/g) than AMBIOTON® (256.23 m2/g) and RE-CHAR® (280.25 m2/g). Both biochar and activated carbon belong to the category of mesoporous media, showing a pore size between 2 and 50 nm (20-500 Å). Moreover, the chemical composition analysis shows similar C, H, and N composition in the three carbonaceous materials while a higher O composition in RE-CHAR® (9.9%) than in CARBOSORB NC 1240 ® (2.67%) and AMBIOTON® (1.10%). Differences in physical and chemical properties are determined by the feedstock and pyrolysis or gasification temperature. The results obtained allowed to compare the selected materials among each other and with other carbonaceous adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-44585514
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Camilli
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Bracciale
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Virgilio Genova
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Paglia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marra
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Damizia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Stoller
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Agostina Chiavola
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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11
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Tolkou AK, Trikalioti S, Makrogianni O, Xanthopoulou M, Deliyanni EA, Katsoyiannis IA, Kyzas GZ. Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1067. [PMID: 35407186 PMCID: PMC9000820 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is considered to be the most hazardous and toxic oxidation state of chromium and hence the development of effective removal technologies, able to provide water with Cr(VI) below the drinking water limits (US EPA 100 μg/L, European Commission 50 μg/L, which will be reduced to 25 by 2036) is a very important issue in water treatment. This study aimed at examining the performance of activated carbon produced from coconut shells, modified by lanthanum chloride, for Cr(VI) removal from waters. The structure of the formed material (COC-AC-La) was characterized by the application of BET, FTIR and SEM techniques. The effect of the adsorbent's dosage, pH value, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration and water matrix was examined with respect to Cr(VI) removal. The results indicated that the maximum Cr(VI) removal was observed at pH 5; 4 h contact time and 0.2 g/L of adsorbent's dosage was adequate to reduce Cr(VI) from 100 μg/L to below 25 μg/L. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models fitted the experimental data sufficiently. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved was 6.3 μg/g at pH 5. At this pH value, the removal percentage of Cr(VI) reached 95% for an initial Cr(VI) concertation of 30 μg/L. At pH 7 the corresponding efficiency was roughly 60%, resulting in residual Cr(VI) concentrations below the anticipated drinking water limit of 25 μg/L of total chromium, when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 50 μg/L. Consecutive adsorption and regeneration studies were conducted using 0.01 M of NaOH as an eluent to evaluate the reusability of the adsorbents, Results showed 20% decrease of adsorption capacity after 5 regeneration cycles of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia K. Tolkou
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
| | - Soultana Trikalioti
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Olina Makrogianni
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
| | - Maria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Eleni A. Deliyanni
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.T.); (M.X.); (E.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
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Rajapaksha AU, Selvasembian R, Ashiq A, Gunarathne V, Ekanayake A, Perera VO, Wijesekera H, Mia S, Ahmad M, Vithanage M, Ok YS. A systematic review on adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions: Recent advances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152055. [PMID: 34871684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of natural resources by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) originating from natural and anthropogenic activities is a serious environmental concern. Although many articles on chromium remediation have been published, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in remediation with different sorbents is not yet available. In this systematic review, the performance and applicability of several adsorptive materials for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media are discussed, along with a detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved. Statistical analysis is applied to compare the efficacies of different adsorbents, while a similar approach is used to determine the effects of sorbent properties and experimental conditions on the adsorption capacity. A detailed analysis of the factors involved in fixed-bed column studies is also presented. A suitable desorption approach to the regeneration of the spent adsorbent and its adsorption performance in reuse is also examined. Among the different sorbents, nanoparticles and mineral-doped biochar were found to be the most effective sorbents, while the adsorption was higher at low pH (~4.0) than that at intermediate pH (6-8). Contrary to our expectation, adsorption was high for sorbents with low specific surface areas, suggesting that the adsorption of Cr(VI) is largely influenced by the chemical properties of the sorbents. The optimum adsorption in fixed-bed column systems is obtained at a lower Cr(VI) ion concentration, a lower influent flow rate, and a higher bed height. Since most of the studies reviewed herein were merely experimental and utilized ideal conditions with the presence of a single contaminant, i.e. Cr(VI) in water, further studies on adsorption dynamics with the presence of other interfering ions are suggested. This review is promising for the further development of Cr(VI) removal strategies and closes the research gaps pertaining to their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Ahamed Ashiq
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Hydrometallurgy and Environment Laboratory, Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anusha Ekanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - V O Perera
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekera
- Department of Natural Resources, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Shamin Mia
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology, University of Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Activated Carbon and Coconut Coir with the Incorporation of ABR System as Greywater Filter: The Implications for Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Greywater refers to wastewater generated from domestic activities, which do not contain fecal contamination. Therefore, this study aims to treat greywater in Makassar city to speed up the water cycle and enable reuse, as an environmental conservation strategy. The water parameters measured were pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). According to the results, the greywater’s BOD, COD, and TTS contents were 49.98 to 54.88 mg/L, 509 to 655 mg/L, and 404.40 to 464.65 mg/L, respectively, all of which exceed WHO wastewater quality standards. The use of a wastewater treatment installation comprising a combination of Activated Carbon (AC) and Coconut Coir (CC) with the incorporation of the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) system as a greywater filter successfully reduced the city’s greywater pollution. In addition, the new BOD content fulfills the environmentally safe wastewater standards, while the new COD and TSS contents were 152 mg/L to 184 mg/L and 59.68 mg/L to 77.42 mg/L, respectively, which are close to the WHO domestic wastewater quality standards.
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14
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Liang L, Xi F, Tan W, Meng X, Hu B, Wang X. Review of organic and inorganic pollutants removal by biochar and biochar-based composites. BIOCHAR 2021; 3:255-281. [DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBiochar (BC) has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials, high surface area, developed pore structure, and low cost. However, the application of BC for water remediation has many limitations. Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors, a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials, which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC, but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials. This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials, and discussed in terms of the preparation methods, the physicochemical properties, the performance of contaminant removal, and underlying adsorption mechanisms. Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed. Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal, the potential risks (such as stability and biological toxicity) still need to be noticed and further study. At the end of this review, future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed. This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.
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15
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Eltaweil AS, El-Monaem EMA, Mohy-Eldin MS, Omer AM. Fabrication of attapulgite/magnetic aminated chitosan composite as efficient and reusable adsorbent for Cr (VI) ions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16598. [PMID: 34400760 PMCID: PMC8368087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient composite was constructed based on aminated chitosan (NH2Cs), attapulgite (ATP) clay and magnetic Fe3O4 for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) ions. The as-fabricated ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs composite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Zeta potential (ZP), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). A significant improve in the adsorption profile was established at pH 2 in the order of ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs(1:3) > ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs(1:1) > ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs(3:1) > Fe3O4-NH2Cs > ATP. The maximum removal (%) of Cr(VI) exceeded 94% within a short equilibrium time of 60 min. The adsorption process obeyed the pseudo 2nd order and followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 294.12 mg/g. In addition, thermodynamics studies elucidated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, randomness and endothermic process. Interestingly, the developed adsorbent retained respectable adsorption properties with acceptable removal efficiency exceeded 58% after ten sequential cycles of reuse. Besides, the results hypothesize that the adsorption process occurs via electrostatic interactions, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and ion-exchanging. These findings substantiate that the ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs composite could be effectively applied as a reusable adsorbent for removing of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman M Abd El-Monaem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P. O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P. O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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16
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Medha I, Chandra S, Vanapalli KR, Samal B, Bhattacharya J, Das BK. (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and iron rice straw biochar composites for the sorption of Cr (VI) and Zn (II) using the extract of heavy metals contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144764. [PMID: 33736157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals like Cr (VI), when released into the environment, pose a serious threat to animal and human health. In this study, iron and (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) biochar composites were prepared from the biochar, which was produced through the pyrolysis of rice straw at 400 and 600 °C, using the chemical processes with an aim that the doping of pristine biochar structure with the Fe and NH2 radicals would enhance the removal of Cr (VI) and Zn (II) adsorption in both aqueous solution and soil. Both biochar composites were mixed at a rate of 3% (w/w) with the mine soil for the soil incubation test, and after completion of the test, a soil fertility index (SFI) was calculated. Results showed that both iron and APTES biochar composites followed the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm showing the maximum removal capacity of 100.59 mg/g for Cr (VI) by APTES/SiBC 600 and maximum adsorption capacity of 83.92 mg/g for Zn2+ by Fe/BC 400. The SFI of the mine-soil amended with both Fe and APTES biochar composites were 16.67 and 13.04%, respectively higher than the controlled study. The mitotic index of the A. cepa cells that grew up in the soil amended with Fe/BC and APTES/SiBC were 40.47 and 44.45%, respectively, higher than the controlled study. The results indicated that the incorporation of the Fe and APTES biochar composites in the soil effectively reduced the metal toxicity and improved the soil physicochemical properties. This study opens up the prospects of using biochar composites in contaminated soil and water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Medha
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Kumar Raja Vanapalli
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Biswajit Samal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Zelence Industries Private Limited, India.
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17
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Wei Y, Chen W, Liu C, Wang H. Facial Synthesis of Adsorbent from Hemicelluloses for Cr(VI) Adsorption. Molecules 2021; 26:1443. [PMID: 33799950 PMCID: PMC7961731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging work to develop a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this paper, we used hemicelluloses from chemical fiber factory waste as the raw material, and prepared two kinds of carbon materials by the green hydrothermal method as adsorbent for Cr(VI). The results showed that hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with citric acid (HTC) presented spherical shapes, and hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with ammonia solution (HTC-NH2) provided spongy structures. The adsorption capacity of the samples can be obtained by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model at pH 1.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of HTC-NH2 in the Langmuir model is 74.60 mg/g, much higher than that of HTC (61.25 mg/g). The green hydrothermal treatment of biomass with ammonia solution will provide a simple and feasible way to prepare adsorbent for Cr(VI) in waste water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuanfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (W.C.)
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18
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Ukhurebor KE, Aigbe UO, Onyancha RB, Nwankwo W, Osibote OA, Paumo HK, Ama OM, Adetunji CO, Siloko IU. Effect of hexavalent chromium on the environment and removal techniques: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111809. [PMID: 33360556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of chromium (Cr) in most anthropogenic activities, the subsequent environmental adulteration is now a source of major concern. Cr occurs in numerous oxidation states, with the furthermost stable and frequently occur states being Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(0) and Cr(III) are vital trace elements while Cr(VI) is dispensable and noxious to living organisms. Predominantly in plants, Cr at low concentrations of about 0.05-1 mg/L assist to boost growth as well as increase productivity. However, accumulation of Cr could represent a potential threat to living organisms. Cr absorption, displacement and accretion depend on its speciation, which also determines its toxicity which is often diverse. Indications of its toxicity include; reduction of seed germination, retardation of growth, reduction of yield, inhibition of enzymatic activities, weakening of photosynthesis, nutrient, oxidative disparities and genetic mutation in plants as well as several injurious diseases in animals and humans. In this study, we have presented a comprehensive review as well as an informative account of the influence of Cr on the environment drawn from researches carried out over the years following an analytical approach. Uniquely, this work presents a review of the effects and remediation of Cr from soil and wastewater drawn from several evidence and meta-data-based articles and other publications. Accordingly, the write-up is intended to appeal to the consciousness of the general public that the significance of Cr notwithstanding, its environmental toxicity should not be taken for granted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor
- Climatic/Environmental/Telecommunication Unit, Department of Physics, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert Birundu Onyancha
- Department of Physics and Space Science, School of Physical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wilson Nwankwo
- Cyberphysical/Green Computing Unit, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Otolorin Adelaja Osibote
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hugues Kamdem Paumo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Onoyivwe Monday Ama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Israel Uzuazor Siloko
- Mathematical Statistics/Modelling Unit, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
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19
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Use of Lignite as a Low-Cost Material for Cadmium and Copper Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Assessment of Adsorption Characteristics and Exploration of Involved Mechanisms. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignite, as an available and low-cost material, was tested for cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) removal from aqueous solutions under various static experimental conditions. Experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of both metals was improved by increasing their initial concentrations, adsorbent dosage and aqueous pH values. The adsorption kinetic was very rapid for Cd since about 78% of the totally adsorbed amounts were removed after a contact time of only 1 min. For Cd and Cu, the kinetic and isothermal data were well fitted with pseudo-second order and Freundlich models, respectively, which suggests that Cd/Cu removal by lignite occurs heterogeneously on multilayers surfaces. The maximum Langmuir’s adsorption capacities of Cd and Cu were assessed to 38.0 and 21.4 mg g−1 and are relatively important compared to some other lignites and raw natural materials. Results of proximate, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the removal of these metals occurs most likely through a combination of cation exchange and complexation with specific functional groups. The relatively high adsorption capacity of the used lignite promotes its future use as a low cost material for Cd and Cu removal from effluents, and possibly for other heavy metals or groups of pollutants.
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20
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Tran HN. Comments on "Fast and efficient removal of Cr(VI) to ppb level together with Cr(III) sequestration in water using layered double hydroxide interclated with diethyldithiocarbamate". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:139854. [PMID: 32646622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper primarily aimed to provide some concerns and continue discussion about the previous published paper in this journal. First, when the mechanism of Cr(VI) removal from solution involved in adsorption-coupled reduction was proposed, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Cr 2p spectrum of laden adsorbent (i.e., DDTC-LDH after adsorption) needs to demonstrate the co-existence of Cr(VI) and Cr(III). The detection of reduced Cr(III) in solution after the completed adsorption of Cr(VI) only provides information on the mechanism regarding reduction, not adsorption-coupled reduction. Second, adsorption mechanism (chemisorption or physisorption) cannot be drawn only based on the best statistical fit between the time-dependent data of adsorption experiment and the kinetic model (i.e., the pseudo-second-order, Elovich, or Avrami model). Third, the constant KRP (liters per grams of adsorbent not adsorbate; L/g) of the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model is not equal to or used as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant KEqo. The application of the constant KRP for calculating the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption process (∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆G°) using the van't Hoff equation leads to a certain error in the values (sign and magnitude) of those parameters. Fourth, the pHPZC of adsorbent is significant different to its pHIEP on both meanings and analysis methods. The use of those terminologies in the fields of material and sorption (adsorption and absorption) must be correct. Finally, some important information needs to provide in the studies of adsorption isotherm and mechanism (i.e., solution pH) and characteristics of diethyldithiocarbamate intercalated-LDH (i.e., arrangement and orientation of diethyldithiocarbamate in the interlayer region of DDTC-LDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Nguyen Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
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21
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Biochar from Agricultural by-Products for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Drinking Water. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the adsorption capacity of lead Pb2+ and cadmium Cd2+ of biochar obtained from: peanut shell (BCM), “chonta” pulp (BCH) and corn cob (BZM) calcined at 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively. The optimal adsorbent dose, pH, maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics were evaluated. The biochar with the highest Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal capacity is obtained from the peanut shell (BCM) calcined at 565 °C in 45 min. The optimal experimental conditions were: 14 g L−1 (dose of sorbent) and pH between 5 and 7. The sorption experimental data were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. High removal rates were obtained: 95.96% for Pb2+ and 99.05. for Cd2+. The BCH and BZM revealed lower efficiency of Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal than BCM biochar. The results suggest that biochar may be useful for the removal of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) from drinking water.
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Tomul F, Arslan Y, Kabak B, Trak D, Kendüzler E, Lima EC, Tran HN. Peanut shells-derived biochars prepared from different carbonization processes: Comparison of characterization and mechanism of naproxen adsorption in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:137828. [PMID: 32320866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous appearance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., naproxen) in water bodies has raised enormous concerns among general public. Development of promising materials for eliminating such contaminants from water environment has attracted much attention in the scientific community. In this study, three (direct, post-treated and pre-treated) methods were developed to prepare biochars (800-PSB, 800-800-PSB, and 190-800-PSB, respectively) derived from the wastes of peanut shells (PS). They were thoroughly characterized by various important properties (i.e., porosity and superficial functional group) and applied to remove naproxen drug from water. Results indicated that although the pre- and post-treatments had a slight effect on the surface area of biochars (i.e., 571 m2/g for 800-PSB, 596 m2/g for 800-800-PSB, and 496 m2/g for 190-800-PSB), such treatments remarkably improved the adsorption capacity of biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity of biochar (obtained from the Langmuir model) towards naproxen in solution at 25 decreased in the following order: 800-800-PSB (324 mg/g) > 190-800-PSB (215 mg/g) > 800-PSB (105 mg/g). The thermodynamic study demonstrated that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Depending the preparation process, the contribution of each mechanism in the adsorption process was dissimilar. The overall adsorption mechanism was regarded as pore filling, π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding formations, n-π interaction, van der Waals force, and electrostatic attraction. Two methods used to identify the important role of π-π interaction were proposed herein. The possible desorption and reuse of laden-biochars were investigated by the chemical and thermal methods. The prepared biochar samples can serve as potential carbonaceous porous adsorbents for effectively removing naproxen from water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Tomul
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Yasin Arslan
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kabak
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Diğdem Trak
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kendüzler
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hai Nguyen Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
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Imran M, Khan ZUH, Iqbal MM, Iqbal J, Shah NS, Munawar S, Ali S, Murtaza B, Naeem MA, Rizwan M. Effect of biochar modified with magnetite nanoparticles and HNO 3 for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated water: A batch and column scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114231. [PMID: 32113112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) poses serious consequences on human and animal health due to its potential carcinogenicity. The present study aims at preparing a novel biochar derived from Chenopodium quinoa crop residues (QBC), its activation with magnetite nanoparticles (QBC/MNPs) and strong acid HNO3 (QBC/Acid) to evaluate their batch and column scale potential to remove Cr (VI) from polluted water. The QBC, QBC/MNPs and QBC/Acid were characterized with SEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD as well as point of zero charge (PZC) to get an insight into their adsorption mechanism. The impact of different process parameters including dose of the adsorbent (1-4 g/L), contact time (0-180 min), initial concentration of Cr (25-200 mg/L) as well as solution pH (2-8) was evaluated on the Cr (VI) removal from contaminated water. The results revealed that QBC/MNPs proved more effective (73.35-93.62-%) for the Cr (VI) removal with 77.35 mg/g adsorption capacity as compared with QBC/Acid (55.85-79.8%) and QBC (48.85-75.28-%) when Cr concentration was changed from 200 to 25 mg/L. The isothermal experimental results follow the Freundlich adsorption model rather than Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. While kinetic adsorption results were well demonstrated by pseudo second order kinetic model. Column scale experiments conducted at steady state exhibited excellent retention of Cr (VI) by QBC, QBC/MNPs and QBC/Acid at 50 and 100 mg Cr/L. The results showed that this novel biochar (QBC) and its modified forms (QBC/Acid and QBC/MNPs) are applicable with excellent reusability and stability under acidic conditions for the practical treatment of Cr (VI) contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Saba Munawar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology China Medical University (CMU) Taichung Taiwan, China
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Zhou D, Xie G, Hu X, Cai X, Zhao Y, Hu X, Jin Q, Fu X, Tan X, Liang C, Lai K, Wang H, Tang C. Coupling of kenaf Biochar and Magnetic BiFeO 3 onto Cross-linked Chitosan for Enhancing Separation Performance and Cr(VI) Ions Removal Efficiency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030788. [PMID: 32012702 PMCID: PMC7037466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) contamination has posed great threat to both the ecosystem and human health for its carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. A highly effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) was prepared and its adsorption mechanism was thoroughly discussed in this study. In detail, magnetic BiFeO3 and kenaf biochar were loaded on cross-linked chitosan to obtain chitosan-kenaf biochar@BiFeO3 (CKB) for improving adsorption capacity towards Cr(VI). The adsorption process of Cr(VI) onto CKB was evaluated as a function of the pH, the existence of competing ions, the initial concentration of Cr(VI) and contact time. The results show that CKB exhibits the highest adsorption capacity under the optimal pH 2.0. The presence of competing ions such as Ca2+, NO3−, SO42−, and Cl− decreases the adsorption capacity; among them, Ca2+ and NO3− show the greatest hindrance. By studying the effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration on the adsorption capacity, it was found that CKB in the solution was enough to remove Cr(VI) for all treatments (10–200 mg/L). The adsorption experimental data were well fitted with pseudo-first-order model, suggesting that chemisorption is not the dominant rate-limiting step. Freundlich isotherm model can better explain the adsorption process, indicating a non-ideal adsorption towards Cr(VI) on a heterogeneous surface of CKB. A 25-1 Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) showed that pH and initial concentration of Cr(VI) have significant influence on Cr(VI) adsorption in our reaction system. In general, excellent adsorption efficiency of CKB indicates that it may be a good candidate for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Guangyu Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Xinjiang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: or (X.H.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-0731-85623096 (Xin.H.)
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- College of Art and Design, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China;
| | - Yunlin Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Xi Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: or (X.H.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-0731-85623096 (Xin.H.)
| | - Qi Jin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Chong Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Kaiqi Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Chunfang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (D.Z.); (G.X.); (X.F.); (C.L.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (C.T.)
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Activated Carbon from Yam Peels Modified with Fe3O4 for Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Aqueous Solution. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The removal of organic pollutants from water sources can be enhanced using suitable adsorbents. The aim of this research was to study the adsorption capacity and potential reuse of a magnetic adsorbent prepared from agricultural wastes of yam peels (Dioscorea rotundata) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid removal. The procedure was performed through carbonization and activation at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. Then, the as-prepared activated carbon (AC) was chemically modified using magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The AC and magnetic activated carbon (MAC) were characterized and then used for batch adsorption and regeneration tests at different pH, initial concentrations of 2,4-D, and temperature. AC and MAC were showed to have microporous structures with surface areas of 715 and 325 m2/g, respectively. Superparamagnetic behavior was observed for MAC with a saturation magnetization of 6 emu/g. The results from the batch experiments showed higher adsorption capacity at high initial concentration of 2,4-D, low pH, and room temperature. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the experiments proceeded as exothermic and spontaneous adsorption. Our findings also showed that MAC can be separated from the water medium through a facile magnetic procedure, and from regeneration experiments, MAC showed better results with 60% of its initial adsorption capacity after five cycles. Hence, MAC was found to be a promising alternative adsorbent of pesticides in water.
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