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Ye Y, Wan L, Hu J, Li X, Zhang K. Combined single-cell RNA sequencing and mendelian randomization to identify biomarkers associated with necrotic apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)01030-1. [PMID: 39332686 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is associated with back pain; back pain is a world-wide contributor to poor quality of life, while necroptosis has the characteristics of necroptosis and apoptosis, however, its role in IDD is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with necroptosis in IDD. PURPOSE To explore biomarkers associated with necroptosis in IDD, reveal the pathogenesis of IDD, as well as provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGS Retrospective cohort study. Our study employs scRNA-seq coupled with MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between necroptosis and IDD, laying a foundational groundwork for unveiling the intricate pathogenic mechanisms of this condition. METHODS Data quality control and normalisation was executed in single-cell dataset, GSE205535. Then, different cell types were obtained by cell annotation through marker genes. Subsequently, chi-square test was employed to assess the distribution difference of different cell types between IDD and control to screen key cells. AUCell was applied to calculate necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) scores of all cell types, further key cells were divided into high and low NRGs groups according to the median AUC scores of different cell types. Afterwards, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within the two score groups were screened. Then, the genes that had causal relationship with IDD were selected as biomarkers by univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Finally, the expression of biomarkers in different cell types and pseudo-time analysis was analyzed separately. RESULTS In GSE205535, 16 different cell populations identified by UMAP cluster analysis were further annotated to 8 cell types using maker genes. Afterwards, 53 DEGs were screened between the high and low NRGs groups. In addition, 9 genes with causal relationship with IDD were obtained by univariate MR analysis, further multivariate MR analysis proved that NT5E and TMEM158 had a direct causal relationship with IDD, which were used as biomarkers in this study. This study not only found that the expression levels of NT5E and TMEM158 were higher in IDD group, but also found that fibrochondrocytes and inflammatory chondrocytes were the key cells of NT5E and TMEM158, respectively. In the end, the biomarkers had the same expression trend in the quasi-time series, and both of them from high to low and then increased. CONCLUSION NT5E and TMEM158, as biomarkers of necroptotic apoptotic IDD, were causally associated with IDD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The understanding of chondrocytes as key cells provides new perspectives for deeper elucidation of the pathogenesis of IDD, improved diagnostic methods, and the development of more effective treatments. These findings are expected to provide a more accurate and personalised approach to clinical diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ye
- Orthopaedic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Lun Wan
- Orthopaedic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Orthopaedic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Orthopaedic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Orthopaedic Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd. Sichuan, 610072, China.
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Zheng H, Jiang S, Li M, Liu J, Wang X, Liu M, Feng C, Wei Y, Deng X. Multi-Omics Reveals the Genetic and Metabolomic Architecture of Chirality Directed Stem Cell Lineage Diversification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306400. [PMID: 37880901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chirality-directed stem-cell-fate determination involves coordinated transcriptional and metabolomics programming that is only partially understood. Here, using high-throughput transcriptional-metabolic profiling and pipeline network analysis, the molecular architecture of chirality-guided mesenchymal stem cell lineage diversification is revealed. A total of 4769 genes and 250 metabolites are identified that are significantly biased by the biomimetic chiral extracellular microenvironment (ECM). Chirality-dependent energetic metabolism analysis has revealed that glycolysis is preferred during left-handed ECM-facilitated osteogenic differentiation, whereas oxidative phosphorylation is favored during right-handed ECM-promoted adipogenic differentiation. Stereo-specificity in the global metabolite landscape is also demonstrated, in which amino acids are enriched in left-handed ECM, while ether lipids and nucleotides are enriched in right-handed ECM. Furthermore, chirality-ordered transcriptomic-metabolic regulatory networks are established, which address the role of positive feedback loops between key genes and central metabolites in driving lineage diversification. The highly integrated genotype-phenotype picture of stereochemical selectivity would provide the fundamental principle of regenerative material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Meijun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite School of Materials and Science Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Cheng L, Correia MSP, Higdon SM, Romero Garcia F, Tsiara I, Joffré E, Sjöling Å, Boulund F, Norin EL, Engstrand L, Globisch D, Du J. The protective role of commensal gut microbes and their metabolites against bacterial pathogens. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356275. [PMID: 38797999 PMCID: PMC11135852 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant microorganisms have become a major public health concern around the world. The gut microbiome is a gold mine for bioactive compounds that protect the human body from pathogens. We used a multi-omics approach that integrated whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 74 commensal gut microbiome isolates with metabolome analysis to discover their metabolic interaction with Salmonella and other antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We evaluated differences in the functional potential of these selected isolates based on WGS annotation profiles. Furthermore, the top altered metabolites in co-culture supernatants of selected commensal gut microbiome isolates were identified including a series of dipeptides and examined for their ability to prevent the growth of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our results provide compelling evidence that the gut microbiome produces metabolites, including the compound class of dipeptides that can potentially be applied for anti-infection medication, especially against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Our established pipeline for the discovery and validation of bioactive metabolites from the gut microbiome as novel candidates for multidrug-resistant infections represents a new avenue for the discovery of antimicrobial lead structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Cheng
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mário S. P. Correia
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shawn M. Higdon
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabricio Romero Garcia
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Tsiara
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Boulund
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Lissa Norin
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan Du
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Barko PC, Rubin SI, Swanson KS, McMichael MA, Ridgway MD, Williams DA. Untargeted Analysis of Serum Metabolomes in Dogs with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2313. [PMID: 37508091 PMCID: PMC10376357 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a malabsorptive syndrome resulting from insufficient secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes. EPI is treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), but the persistence of clinical signs, especially diarrhea, is common after treatment. We used untargeted metabolomics of serum to identify metabolic disturbances associated with EPI and generate novel hypotheses related to its pathophysiology. Fasted serum samples were collected from dogs with EPI (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 10), all receiving PERT. Serum metabolomes were generated using UPLC-MS/MS, and differences in relative metabolite abundances were compared between the groups. Of the 759 serum metabolites detected, 114 varied significantly (p < 0.05, q < 0.2) between dogs with EPI and healthy controls. Differences in amino acids (arginate, homoarginine, 2-oxoarginine, N-acetyl-cadaverine, and α-ketoglutaramate) and lipids (free fatty acids and docosahexaenoylcarnitine) were consistent with increased proteolysis and lipolysis, indicating a persistent catabolic state in dogs with EPI. Relative abundances of gut microbial metabolites (phenyllactate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, phenylacetyl-amino acids, catechol sulfates, and o-cresol-sulfate) were altered in dogs with EPI, consistent with disruptions in gut microbial communities. Increased kynurenine is consistent with the presence of intestinal inflammation in dogs with EPI. Whether these metabolic disturbances participate in the pathophysiology of EPI or contribute to the persistence of clinical signs after treatment is unknown, but they are targets for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Barko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Marcella D Ridgway
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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5
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Mao Q, Pan H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Hong Y, Huang Z, Li Y, Feng X, Fang Y, Chen W, Chen P, Shen B, Ouyang H, Liang Y. GelNB molecular coating as a biophysical barrier to isolate intestinal irritating metabolites and regulate intestinal microbial homeostasis in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:251-267. [PMID: 35510173 PMCID: PMC9046703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the structure and function of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Due to the poor remission effect and severe adverse events associated with current clinical medications, IBD remains an incurable disease. Here, we demonstrated a novel treatment strategy with high safety and effective inflammation remission via tissue-adhesive molecular coating. The molecular coating is composed of o-nitrobenzaldehyde (NB)-modified Gelatin (GelNB), which can strongly bond with –NH2 on the intestinal surface of tissue to form a thin biophysical barrier. We found that this molecular coating was able to stay on the surface of the intestine for long periods of time, effectively protecting the damaged intestinal epithelium from irritations of external intestinal metabolites and harmful flora. In addition, our results showed that this coating not only provided a beneficial environment for cell migration and proliferation to promote intestinal repair and regeneration, but also achieved a better outcome of IBD by reducing intestinal inflammation. Moreover, the in vivo experiments showed that the GelNB was better than the classic clinical medication—mesalazine. Therefore, our molecular coating showed potential as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of IBD. GelNB molecular coating can protect the intestinal epithelium from irritations of intestinal metabolites and harmful flora. GelNB molecular coating not only promote intestinal repair and regeneration, but also reduce intestinal inflammation. GelNB molecular coating shows potential as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijiang Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Haoqi Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuwen Zhu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengze Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yifeng Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - WenChao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Corresponding author. Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou, 310028, China
- Corresponding author. Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Zhao E, Yu Q, Ali AI, Mu Y, Shi Y, Zhu L. Effects of standard treatments on depressive/anxiety symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 74:118-125. [PMID: 32563588 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A combination of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychological comorbidities can influence the natural course of IBD. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine whether a standard IBD medical therapy without any antipsychotic intervention has beneficial effects on depression/anxiety in IBD patients. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for related literature from their inception to March 2020. The random-effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD). A total of 16 eligible studies were included in the present meta-analysis. RESULTS Compared with baseline assessments, IBD patients with standard IBD medication had significantly reduced depression assessment scores (pooled SMD = 0.500; 95% confidence interval: 0.207, 0.793; P = 0.001). These results were obtained without any psychological interventions. Additionally, no significant differences in anxiety-related scores were detected between the baseline assessments and the end of therapy assessments (pooled SMD = 0.083; 95% confidence interval: -0.120, 0.285; P = 0.425). The meta-regression and subgroup analyses revealed that differences in assessment tools and medications might be the main source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Standard IBD treatments can significantly alleviate the depressive symptoms in IBD patients. However, more studies are needed to analyze this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Abdoulaye Idriss Ali
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yulu Mu
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Tanghe County People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan 473400, China
| | - Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China.
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Islam MM, Wang Y, Hu P. A Maximum Flow-Based Approach to Prioritize Drugs for Drug Repurposing of Chronic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1115. [PMID: 34832991 PMCID: PMC8625622 DOI: 10.3390/life11111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new drugs is required in the time of global aging and increasing populations. Traditional drug development strategies are expensive, time-consuming, and have high risks. Thus, drug repurposing, which treats new/other diseases using existing drugs, has become a very admired tactic. It can also be referred to as the re-investigation of the existing drugs that failed to indicate the usefulness for the new diseases. Previously published literature used maximum flow approaches to identify new drug targets for drug-resistant infectious diseases but not for drug repurposing. Therefore, we are proposing a maximum flow-based protein-protein interactions (PPIs) network analysis approach to identify new drug targets (proteins) from the targets of the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) drugs and their associated drugs for chronic diseases (such as breast cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) treatment. Experimental results showed that we have successfully turned the drug repurposing into a maximum flow problem. Our top candidates of drug repurposing, Guanidine, Dasatinib, and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate for breast cancer, IBD, and COPD were experimentally validated by other independent research as the potential candidate drugs for these diseases, respectively. This shows the usefulness of the proposed maximum flow approach for drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohaiminul Islam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.M.I.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.M.I.); (Y.W.)
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.M.I.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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8
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Franzin M, Stefančič K, Lucafò M, Decorti G, Stocco G. Microbiota and Drug Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pathogens 2021; 10:211. [PMID: 33669168 PMCID: PMC7919657 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutualistic relationship between the composition, function and activity of the gut microbiota (GM) and the host exists, and the alteration of GM, sometimes referred as dysbiosis, is involved in various immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the GM is able to influence the efficacy of the pharmacological therapy of IBD and to predict whether individuals will respond to treatment. Additionally, the drugs used to treat IBD can modualate the microbial composition. The review aims to investigate the impact of the GM on the pharmacological therapy of IBD and vice versa. The GM resulted in an increase or decrease in therapeutic responses to treatment, but also to biotransform drugs to toxic metabolites. In particular, the baseline GM composition can help to predict if patients will respond to the IBD treatment with biologic drugs. On the other hand, drugs can affect the GM by incrementing or reducing its diversity and richness. Therefore, the relationship between the GM and drugs used in the treatment of IBD can be either beneficial or disadvantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Franzin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Katja Stefančič
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (K.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (K.S.); (G.S.)
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are distinctive sites exposed to environmental, dietary, and microbial antigens. Particularly in the gut, the host continuously actively adapts via complex interactions between the microbiota and dietary compounds and immune and other tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for tuning the intestinal immune response to self- and non-self-antigens in the intestine. Its importance in intestinal homeostasis is illustrated by the onset of overt inflammation caused by deficiency in Treg generation, function, or stability in the gut. A substantial imbalance in Tregs has been observed in intestinal tissue during pathogenic conditions, when a tightly regulated and equilibrated system becomes dysregulated and leads to unimpeded and chronic immune responses. In this chapter, we compile and critically discuss the current knowledge on the key factors that promote Treg-mediated tolerance in the gut, such as those involved in intestinal Treg differentiation, specificity and suppressive function, and their immunophenotype during health and disease. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on Treg dysregulation in human intestine during pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), and how that knowledge is guiding development of Treg-targeted therapies to treat or prevent intestinal disorders.
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Libera J, Wittner M, Kantowski M, Woost R, Eberhard JM, de Heer J, Reher D, Huber S, Haag F, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Decreased Frequency of Intestinal CD39 + γδ + T Cells With Tissue-Resident Memory Phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567472. [PMID: 33072107 PMCID: PMC7541837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. Still, little is known about the role of these two enzymes and ATP and its metabolites in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We isolated mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and lamina propria of the large intestine of patients diagnosed with IBD and of healthy volunteers. We then comprehensively analyzed the CD39 and CD73 expression patterns together with markers of activation (HLA-DR, CD38), differentiation (CCR7, CD45RA) and tissue-residency (CD69, CD103, CD49a) on CD4+, CD8+, γδ+ T cells and mucosa-associated invariant T cells using flow cytometry. CD39 expression levels of γδ+ and CD8+ T cells in lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were much higher compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, the frequency of CD39+ CD4+ and CD8+, but not γδ+ LPL positively correlated with T-cell activation. The frequency of CD39+ cells among tissue-resident memory LPL (Trm) was higher compared to non-Trm for all subsets, confirming that CD39 is a marker for the tissue-resident memory phenotype. γδ+ Trm also showed a distinct cytokine profile upon stimulation – the frequency of IFN-γ+ and IL-17A+ cells was significantly lower in γδ+ Trm compared to non-Trm. Interestingly, we observed a decreased frequency of CD39+ γδ+ T cells in IBD patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0049). Prospective studies need to elucidate the exact role of this novel CD39+ γδ+ T-cell population with tissue-resident memory phenotype and its possible contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Libera
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Wittner
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Kantowski
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Woost
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Eberhard
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jocelyn de Heer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Reher
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Ren TH, Lv MM, An XM, Leung WK, Seto WK. Activation of adenosine A3 receptor inhibits inflammatory cytokine production in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis by down-regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:38-45. [PMID: 31714673 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The activation of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) can regulate inflammation, but the way that this regulates colonic mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study aimed at examining A3AR expression and investigating the effect of A3AR activation on ex vivo cytokine expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in colonic mucosa. METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsied tissue from 18 patients with UC and 11 healthy controls was tested for A3AR expression by immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Following treatment for 24 hours with or without 2-Cl-IB-MECA, an A3AR agonist, TNF-α and IL-1β secreted by the cultured colonic mucosal tissue were quantified by ELISA. The colonic mucosal epithelia were dissected and treated with, or without 2-Cl-IB-MECA for 24 hours. The NF-κB p65 protein and its distribution in the cultured colonic epithelia were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the controls, down-regulated A3AR expression and up-regulated TNF-α and IL-1β production and NF-κB p65 protein were observed in the UC colonic mucosa. The activation of A3AR by 2-Cl-IB-MECA significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β production and attenuated the NF-κB p65 activation in colonic tissues from patients with UC. CONCLUSIONS A3AR activation inhibited inflammation by mitigating pro-inflammatory cytokine production and the NF-κB signal activation in colonic mucosa of patients with UC. A3AR activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Min Lv
- Core Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Meng An
- Core Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Sundin EM, Ciubuc JD, Bennet KE, Ochoa K, Manciu FS. Comparative Computational and Experimental Detection of Adenosine Using Ultrasensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2696. [PMID: 30115871 PMCID: PMC6111885 DOI: 10.3390/s18082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To better understand detection and monitoring of the important neurotransmitter adenosine at physiological levels, this study combines quantum chemical density functional modeling and ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) measurements. Combined simulation results and experimental data for an analyte concentration of about 10-11 molar indicate the presence of all known molecular forms resulting from adenosine's complex redox-reaction. Detailed analysis presented here, besides assessing potential Raman signatures of these adenosinic forms, also sheds light on the analytic redox process and voltammetric detection. Examples of adenosine Raman fingerprints for different molecular orientations with respect to the SERS substrate are the vibrational line around 920 ± 10 cm-1 for analyte physisorption through the carbinol moiety and around 1600 ± 20 cm-1 for its fully oxidized form. However, both hydroxyl/oxygen sites and NH₂/nitrogen sites contribute to molecule's interaction with the SERS environment. Our results also reveal that contributions of partially oxidized adenosine forms and of the standard form are more likely to be detected with the first recorded voltammetric oxidation peak. The fully oxidized adenosine form contributes mostly to the second peak. Thus, this comparative theoretical⁻experimental investigation of adenosine's vibrational signatures provides significant insights for advancing its detection, and for future development of opto-voltammetric biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Sundin
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - John D Ciubuc
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Division of Engineering, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Katia Ochoa
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Felicia S Manciu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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13
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Preventive effects of guanosine on intestinal inflammation in 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:349-359. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Dal Ben D, Antonioli L, Lambertucci C, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Volpini R. Purinergic Ligands as Potential Therapeutic Tools for the Treatment of Inflammation-Related Intestinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:212. [PMID: 29593540 PMCID: PMC5861216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-related intestinal diseases are a set of various conditions presenting an overactive enteric immune system. A continuous overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decreased production of anti-inflammatory modulators are generally observed, while morpho-functional alterations of the enteric nervous system lead to intestinal secretory and motor dysfunctions. The factors at the basis of these conditions are still to be totally identified and current therapeutic strategies are aimed only at achieving and maintaining remission states, by using therapeutic tools like aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biological drugs (i.e., monoclonal antibodies), and eventually surgery. Recent reports described a key role of purinergic mediators (i.e., adenosine and its nucleotides ATP and ADP) in the regulation of the activity of immune cells and enteric nervous system, showing also that alterations of the purinergic signaling are linked to pathological conditions of the intestinal tract. These data prompted to a series of investigations to test the therapeutic potential for inflammation-related intestinal conditions of compounds able to restore or modulate an altered purinergic signaling within the gut. This review provides an overview on these investigations, describing the results of preclinical and/or clinical evaluation of compounds able to stimulate or inhibit specific P2 (i.e., P2X7) or P1 (i.e., A2A or A3) receptor signaling and to modify the adenosine levels through the modulation of enzymes activity (i.e., Adenosine Deaminase) or nucleoside transporters. Recent developments in the field are also reported and the most promising purine-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders are schematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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15
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Schirmer M, Franzosa EA, Lloyd-Price J, McIver LJ, Schwager R, Poon TW, Ananthakrishnan AN, Andrews E, Barron G, Lake K, Prasad M, Sauk J, Stevens B, Wilson RG, Braun J, Denson LA, Kugathasan S, McGovern DPB, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Huttenhower C. Dynamics of metatranscription in the inflammatory bowel disease gut microbiome. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:337-346. [PMID: 29311644 PMCID: PMC6131705 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic diseases of the digestive tract that affects millions of people worldwide. Genetic, environmental and microbial factors have been implicated in the onset and exacerbation of IBD. However, the mechanisms associating gut microbial dysbioses and aberrant immune responses remain largely unknown. The integrative Human Microbiome Project seeks to close these gaps by examining the dynamics of microbiome functionality in disease by profiling the gut microbiomes of >100 individuals sampled over a 1-year period. Here, we present the first results based on 78 paired faecal metagenomes and metatranscriptomes, and 222 additional metagenomes from 59 patients with Crohn's disease, 34 with ulcerative colitis and 24 non-IBD control patients. We demonstrate several cases in which measures of microbial gene expression in the inflamed gut can be informative relative to metagenomic profiles of functional potential. First, although many microbial organisms exhibited concordant DNA and RNA abundances, we also detected species-specific biases in transcriptional activity, revealing predominant transcription of pathways by individual microorganisms per host (for example, by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Thus, a loss of these organisms in disease may have more far-reaching consequences than suggested by their genomic abundances. Furthermore, we identified organisms that were metagenomically abundant but inactive or dormant in the gut with little or no expression (for example, Dialister invisus). Last, certain disease-specific microbial characteristics were more pronounced or only detectable at the transcript level, such as pathways that were predominantly expressed by different organisms in patients with IBD (for example, Bacteroides vulgatus and Alistipes putredinis). This provides potential insights into gut microbial pathway transcription that can vary over time, inducing phenotypical changes that are complementary to those linked to metagenomic abundances. The study's results highlight the strength of analysing both the activity and the presence of gut microorganisms to provide insight into the role of the microbiome in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schirmer
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Lloyd-Price
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J McIver
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randall Schwager
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany W Poon
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Andrews
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gildardo Barron
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mahadev Prasad
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Sauk
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Betsy Stevens
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin G Wilson
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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MicroRNA in gastrointestinal cell signalling. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:1-14. [PMID: 29110118 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our gut forms an important organ and its formation, functioning and homeostasis are maintained by several factors including cell signalling pathways and commensal microflora. These factors affect pathological, physiological and immunological parameters to maintain gut health and prevent its inflammation. Among these, different intracellular signalling pathways play an important role in regulating gut homeostasis. These pathways are in turn regulated by various microRNAs that play a key role in maintaining the balance between tolerance and inflammation. This review highlights the importance of various cell signalling pathways in modulating gut homeostasis and the role specific miRNAs play in their regulation.
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17
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Arin RM, Gorostidi A, Navarro-Imaz H, Rueda Y, Fresnedo O, Ochoa B. Adenosine: Direct and Indirect Actions on Gastric Acid Secretion. Front Physiol 2017; 8:737. [PMID: 29018360 PMCID: PMC5614973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Composed by a molecule of adenine and a molecule of ribose, adenosine is a paradigm of recyclable nucleoside with a multiplicity of functions that occupies a privileged position in the metabolic and regulatory contexts. Adenosine is formed continuously in intracellular and extracellular locations of all tissues. Extracellular adenosine is a signaling molecule, able to modulate a vast range of physiologic responses in many cells and organs, including digestive organs. The adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors are P1 purinergic receptors, G protein-coupled proteins implicated in tissue protection. This review is focused on gastric acid secretion, a process centered on the parietal cell of the stomach, which contains large amounts of H+/K+-ATPase, the proton pump responsible for proton extrusion during acid secretion. Gastric acid secretion is regulated by an extensive collection of neural stimuli and endocrine and paracrine agents, which act either directly at membrane receptors of the parietal cell or indirectly through other regulatory cells of the gastric mucosa, as well as mechanic and chemic stimuli. In this review, after briefly introducing these points, we condense the current body of knowledge about the modulating action of adenosine on the pathophysiology of gastric acid secretion and update its significance based on recent findings in gastric mucosa and parietal cells in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Arin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Adriana Gorostidi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Hiart Navarro-Imaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Yuri Rueda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
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18
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Abernathy J, Brezas A, Snekvik KR, Hardy RW, Overturf K. Integrative functional analyses using rainbow trout selected for tolerance to plant diets reveal nutrigenomic signatures for soy utilization without the concurrence of enteritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180972. [PMID: 28723948 PMCID: PMC5517010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding suitable alternative protein sources for diets of carnivorous fish species remains a major concern for sustainable aquaculture. Through genetic selection, we created a strain of rainbow trout that outperforms parental lines in utilizing an all-plant protein diet and does not develop enteritis in the distal intestine, as is typical with salmonids on long-term plant protein-based feeds. By incorporating this strain into functional analyses, we set out to determine which genes are critical to plant protein utilization in the absence of gut inflammation. After a 12-week feeding trial with our selected strain and a control trout strain fed either a fishmeal-based diet or an all-plant protein diet, high-throughput RNA sequencing was completed on both liver and muscle tissues. Differential gene expression analyses, weighted correlation network analyses and further functional characterization were performed. A strain-by-diet design revealed differential expression ranging from a few dozen to over one thousand genes among the various comparisons and tissues. Major gene ontology groups identified between comparisons included those encompassing central, intermediary and foreign molecule metabolism, associated biosynthetic pathways as well as immunity. A systems approach indicated that genes involved in purine metabolism were highly perturbed. Systems analysis among the tissues tested further suggests the interplay between selection for growth, dietary utilization and protein tolerance may also have implications for nonspecific immunity. By combining data from differential gene expression and co-expression networks using selected trout, along with ontology and pathway analyses, a set of 63 candidate genes for plant diet tolerance was found. Risk loci in human inflammatory bowel diseases were also found in our datasets, indicating rainbow trout selected for plant-diet tolerance may have added utility as a potential biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Abernathy
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, USDA-ARS, Hagerman, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Andreas Brezas
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Hagerman, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Snekvik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Hardy
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Hagerman, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Ken Overturf
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, USDA-ARS, Hagerman, Idaho, United States of America
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19
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Purinergic Signalling in the Gut. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 891:91-112. [PMID: 27379638 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27592-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The article will begin with the discovery of purinergic inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the 1960s/1970s, the proposal for purinergic cotransmission in 1976 and the recognition that sympathetic nerves release adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y, while non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerve cotransmitters are ATP, nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in variable proportions in different regions of the gut. Later, purinergic synaptic transmission in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses was established and purinergic receptors expressed by both glial and interstitial cells. The focus will then be on purinergic mechanosensory transduction involving release of ATP from mucosal epithelial cells during distension to activate P2X3 receptors on submucosal sensory nerve endings. The responses of low threshold fibres mediate enteric reflex activity via intrinsic sensory nerves, while high threshold fibres initiate pain via extrinsic sensory nerves. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling in an animal model of colitis will be presented, showing that during distension there is increased ATP release, increased P2X3 receptor expression on calcitonin gene-related peptide-labelled sensory neurons and increased sensory nerve activity.
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20
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da Silva AS, Baldissera MD, Bottari NB, Doleski PH, Carmo GM, Schwertz CI, Lucca NJ, Henker LC, Piva MM, Giacomin P, Stefani LM, Leal DB, Machado G, Mendes RE. Ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase as inflammatory marker in dairy cows naturally infected by Dictyocaulus viviparus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 51:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Hypoxia and inflammatory bowel disease. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:210-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Moran-Ramos S, He X, Chin EL, Tovar AR, Torres N, Slupsky CM, Raybould HE. Nopal feeding reduces adiposity, intestinal inflammation and shifts the cecal microbiota and metabolism in high-fat fed rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171672. [PMID: 28196086 PMCID: PMC5308786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nopal is a cactus plant widely consumed in Mexico that has been used in traditional medicine to aid in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. We previously showed that chronic consumption of dehydrated nopal ameliorated hepatic steatosis in obese (fa/fa) rats; however, description of the effects on other tissues is sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nopal cladode consumption on intestinal physiology, microbial community structure, adipose tissue, and serum biochemistry in diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed either a normal fat (NF) diet or a HF diet containing 4% of dietary fiber from either nopal or cellulose for 6 weeks. Consumption of nopal counteracted HF-induced adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy, and induced profound changes in intestinal physiology. Nopal consumption reduced biomarkers of intestinal inflammation (mRNA expression of IL-6) and oxidative stress (ROS), modfied gut microbiota composition, increasing microbial diversity and cecal fermentation (SCFA), and altered the serum metabolome. Interestingly, metabolomic analysis of dehydrated nopal revealed a high choline content, which appeared to generate high levels of serum betaine, that correlated negatively with hepatic triglyceride (TAG) levels. A parallel decrease in some of the taxa associated with the production of trimethylamine, suggest an increase in choline absorption and bioavailability with transformation to betaine. The latter may partially explain the previously observed effect of nopal on the development of hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence on the effects of nopal consumption on normal and HF-diet induced changes in the intestine, the liver and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moran-Ramos
- Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico D.F
- Conacyt, Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico D.F
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Chin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico D.F
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico D.F
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Helen E. Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Rodrigues L, Miranda IM, Andrade GM, Mota M, Cortes L, Rodrigues AG, Cunha RA, Gonçalves T. Blunted dynamics of adenosine A2A receptors is associated with increased susceptibility to Candida albicans infection in the elderly. Oncotarget 2016; 7:62862-62872. [PMID: 27590517 PMCID: PMC5325332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic gut infections and chronic inflammation, in particular due to overgrowth of Candida albicans present in the gut microbiota, are increasingly reported in the elder population. In aged, adult and young mice, we now compared the relative intestinal over-colonization by ingested C. albicans and their translocation to other organs, focusing on the role of adenosine A2A receptors that are a main stop signal of inflammation. We report that elderly mice are more prone to over-colonization by C. albicans than adult and young mice. This fungal over-growth seems to be related with higher growth rate in intestinal lumen, independent of gut tissues invasion, but resulting in higher GI tract inflammation. We observed a particularly high colonization of the stomach, with increased rate of yeast-to-hypha transition in aged mice. We found a correlation between A2A receptor density and tissue damage due to yeast infection: comparing with young and adults, aged mice have a lower gut A2A receptor density and C. albicans infection failed to increase it. In conclusion, this study shows that aged mice have a lower ability to cope with inflammation due to C. albicans over-colonization, associated with an inability to adaptively adjust adenosine A2A receptors density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rodrigues
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Miranda
- Department of Microbiology, Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Geanne M. Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marta Mota
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Cortes
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Acácio G. Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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MicroRNA-16 is putatively involved in the NF-κB pathway regulation in ulcerative colitis through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) mRNA targeting. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30824. [PMID: 27476546 PMCID: PMC4967855 DOI: 10.1038/srep30824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of their target genes. Altered expression of miR-16 is reported in human ulcerative colitis (UC), but its role in the development of the disease remains unclear. Adenosine through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) could inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in inflammation. Here we identified overexpression of miR-16 and down-regulation of A2aAR in the colonic mucosa of active UC patients. We demonstrated that miR-16 negatively regulated the expression of the A2aAR at the post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, transfection of miR-16 mimics promoted nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-8 in colonic epithelial cells. Treatment with miR-16 inhibitor could reverse these effects in cells. The A2aAR-mediated effects of miR-16 on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were confirmed by the A2aAR knockdown assay. Our results suggest that miR-16 regulated the immune and inflammatory responses, at least in part, by suppressing the expression of the A2aAR to control the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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25
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Fukuda T, Majumder K, Zhang H, Turner PV, Matsui T, Mine Y. Adenine Inhibits TNF-α Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Reduces Mucosal Inflammation in a Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4227-4234. [PMID: 27166765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenine (6-amino-6H-purine), found in molokheiya (Corchorus olitorius L.), has exerted vasorelaxation effects in the thoracic aorta. However, the mode of action of the anti-inflammatory effect of adenine is unclear. Thus, we investigated to clarify the effect of adenine on chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In intestinal epithelial cells, adenine significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced interleukin-8 secretion. The inhibition of adenine was abolished under the treatment of inhibitors of adenyl cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA), indicating the effect of adenine was mediated through the AC/PKA pathway. Adenine (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg BW/day) was administered orally for 14 days to female BALB/c mice, and then 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was given to induce colitis. Adenine (5 mg/kg BW/day) significantly prevented DSS-induced colon shortening, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histological damage in the colon. These results suggest that adenine can be a promising nutraceutical for the prevention of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Fukuda
- Division of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University , Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiro Matsui
- Division of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University , Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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26
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Boiago MM, Baldissera MD, Doleski PH, Bottari NB, do Carmo GM, Araujo DN, Giuriatti J, Baggio V, Leal DBR, Casagrande RA, Wisser CS, Stefani LM, da Silva AS. Ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase activity in laying hens naturally infected by Salmonella Gallinarum and their effects on the pathogenesis of the disease. Microb Pathog 2016; 93:180-4. [PMID: 26911648 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Gallinarum is the etiologic agent of fowl typhoid that affects chickens and turkeys causing egg production drops, infertility, lower hatchability, high mortality, and as a consequence severe economic losses to the poultry industry. The alterations in NTPDase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities have been demonstrated in several inflammatory conditions; however, there are no data in the literature associated with this infection. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of NTPDase, 5'nucleotidase, and ADA in serum and hepatic tissue of laying hens naturally infected by Salmonella Gallinarum. Liver and serum samples were collected of 27 laying hens (20 S. Gallinarum infected and 7 uninfected). NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in serum were increased (P < 0.001) in infected animals to hydrolysis of substrate ATP, ADP and AMP. In addition, it was observed decreased (P < 0.001) in ADA activity in serum of laying hens naturally infected by S. Gallinarum; as well as increased (P < 0.001) ADA activity in liver tissue of infected laying hens. Histopathological analyses revealed that S. Gallinarum caused fibrinoid necrosis in liver and spleen associated with infiltrates of heterophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Considering that NTPDase and ADA are involved in the cell-mediated immunity, this study suggests that activities of these enzymes could be important biomarkers to determine the severity of inflammatory and immune responses in salmonellosis, contributing to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel M Boiago
- Animal Science Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil.
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; Microbiology and Parasitology Department, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Doleski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M do Carmo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Denise N Araujo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Baggio
- Animal Science Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lenita M Stefani
- Animal Science Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Animal Science Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; Animal Science Graduate Program, UDESC, Chapecó, Brazil.
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27
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No association between serum adenosine deaminase activity and disease activity in Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1755-60. [PMID: 25652144 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase activity is proposed as a marker of inflammation in some inflammatory conditions. AIMS To investigate the association of serum adenosine deaminase activity and disease activity in Crohn's disease patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 30 consecutive known cases of Crohn's disease (15 with active disease and 15 in remission) referring to a university hospital in Tehran (Iran) and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. Disease activity was assessed using the Crohn's disease activity index (cutoff >150). Total serum adenosine deaminase activity, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin were evaluated in patients. Serum adenosine deaminase activity was measured in controls. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was 36.8 ± 12.6 years, and 56.7 % were male. Serum adenosine deaminase activity in patients with active disease, patients in remission, and controls was 12.3 ± 5.9, 14.6 ± 6.2, and 11.9 ± 6.4 U/L, respectively (P = 0.458). Compared with patients in remission, those with active disease had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (40.4 ± 30.6 vs. 16.9 ± 16.0 mm/h, P = 0.014) and higher frequency of positive C-reactive protein (66.6 vs. 13.3 %, P = 0.004) and positive fecal calprotectin tests (86.6 vs. 33.3 %, P = 0.004). Serum adenosine deaminase activity was not correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.05, P = 0.761) and was not different between patients with positive and negative C-reactive protein (12.2 ± 5.4 vs. 14.2 ± 6.5 U/L, P = 0.393) and fecal calprotectin tests (11.7 ± 5.3 vs. 16.0 ± 6.5 U/L, P = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS In patients with Crohn's disease, serum adenosine deaminase activity is not associated with clinical disease activity or with other inflammation markers and cannot be suggested as an inflammation marker.
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Choi JS, Berdis AJ. Visualizing nucleic acid metabolism using non-natural nucleosides and nucleotide analogs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:165-76. [PMID: 26004088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides and their corresponding mono-, di-, and triphosphates play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In addition, perturbations in this homeostasis can result in dysfunctional cellular processes that cause pathological conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. This review article discusses contemporary research areas applying nucleoside analogs to probe the mechanistic details underlying the complexities of nucleoside metabolism at the molecular and cellular levels. The first area describes classic and contemporary approaches used to quantify the activity of nucleoside transporters, an important class of membrane proteins that mediate the influx and efflux of nucleosides and nucleobases. A focal point of this section is describing how biophotonic nucleosides are replacing conventional assays employing radiolabeled substrates to study the mechanism of these proteins. The second section describes approaches to understand the utilization of nucleoside triphosphates by cellular DNA polymerases during DNA synthesis. Emphasis here is placed on describing how novel nucleoside analogs such as 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine are being used to quantify DNA synthesis during normal replication as well as during the replication of damaged DNA. In both sections, seminal research articles relevant to these areas are described to highlight how these novel probes are improving our understanding of these biological processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological Enzymology and Protein Functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Suk Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; The Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Anthony J Berdis
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; The Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 11000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Red5 Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 10000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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29
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Pathophysiological role of extracellular purinergic mediators in the control of intestinal inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:427125. [PMID: 25944982 PMCID: PMC4405224 DOI: 10.1155/2015/427125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic mediators such as adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) are released into the extracellular compartment from damaged tissues and activated immune cells. They are then recognized by multiple purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors. Release and recognition of extracellular ATP are associated with both the development and the resolution of inflammation and infection. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested the potential of purinergic receptors as novel targets for drugs for treating intestinal disorders, including intestinal inflammation and irritable bowel syndrome. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the pathophysiological role of purinergic mediators in the development of intestinal inflammation.
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30
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Ren T, Tian T, Feng X, Ye S, Wang H, Wu W, Qiu Y, Yu C, He Y, Zeng J, Cen J, Zhou Y. An adenosine A3 receptor agonist inhibits DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9047. [PMID: 25762375 PMCID: PMC4357005 DOI: 10.1038/srep09047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) in experimental colitis is controversial. The A3AR agonist N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) has been shown to have a clinical benefit, although studies in A3AR-deficient mice suggest a pro-inflammatory role. However, there are no studies on the effect of 2-Cl-IB-MECA and the molecular mechanism of action of A3AR in murine colitis models in vivo. Is it the same as that observed in vitro? The interaction between 2-CL-IB-MECA and A3AR in a murine colitis model and the signaling pathways associated with this interaction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate a role for the NF-κB signaling pathway and its effect on modifying the activity of proinflammatory factors in A3AR-mediated biological processes. Our results demonstrated that A3AR activation possessed marked effects on experimental colitis through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shicai Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Weiyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yumei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Caiyuan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yanting He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Juncheng Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Junwei Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Annabi N, Tamayol A, Oklu R, Ghanem A, Khademhosseini A. Adenosine-associated delivery systems. J Drug Target 2015; 23:580-96. [PMID: 26453156 PMCID: PMC4863639 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1058803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring purine nucleoside in every cell. Many critical treatments such as modulating irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias), regulation of central nervous system (CNS) activity and inhibiting seizural episodes can be carried out using adenosine. Despite the significant potential therapeutic impact of adenosine and its derivatives, the severe side effects caused by their systemic administration have significantly limited their clinical use. In addition, due to adenosine's extremely short half-life in human blood (<10 s), there is an unmet need for sustained delivery systems to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects. In this article, various adenosine delivery techniques, including encapsulation into biodegradable polymers, cell-based delivery, implantable biomaterials and mechanical-based delivery systems, are critically reviewed and the existing challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Interventional Radiology, Boston 02114, MA, USA
| | - Amyl Ghanem
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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Curtis VF, Ehrentraut SF, Colgan SP. Actions of adenosine on cullin neddylation: implications for inflammatory responses. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:273-6. [PMID: 25973141 PMCID: PMC4423527 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is intense interest in understanding how the purine nucleoside adenosine functions in health and during disease. In this review, we outline some of the evidence that implicates adenosine signaling as an important metabolic signature to promote inflammatory resolution. Studies derived from cultured cell systems, animal models and human patients have revealed that nucleotide metabolism is significant component of the overall inflammatory microenvironment. These studies have revealed a prominent role for the transcription factors NF-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and that these molecules are post-translationally regulated through similar components, namely the neddylation of cullins within the E3 ligase that are controlled through adenosine receptor signaling. Studies defining differences and similarities between these responses have taught us a number of important lessons about the complexity of the inflammatory response. A clearer definition of these pathways has provided new insight into disease pathogenesis and importantly, the potential for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie F. Curtis
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Corresponding author at: University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave. MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. Tel.: + 1 303 724 7235, fax: + 1 303 724 7243.
| | - Stefan F. Ehrentraut
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Wojtal KA, Cee A, Lang S, Götze O, Frühauf H, Geier A, Pastor-Anglada M, Torres-Torronteras J, Martí R, Fried M, Lutz TA, Maggiorini M, Gassmann M, Rogler G, Vavricka SR. Downregulation of duodenal SLC transporters and activation of proinflammatory signaling constitute the early response to high altitude in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G673-88. [PMID: 24970780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00353.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters mediate the uptake of biologically active compounds in the intestine. Reduced oxygenation (hypoxia) is an important factor influencing intestinal homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiological consequences of hypoxia on the expression and function of SLCs in human intestine. Hypoxia was induced in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro (0.2; 1% O2 or CoCl2). For human in vivo studies, duodenal biopsies and serum samples were obtained from individuals (n = 16) acutely exposed to 4,554 meters above sea levels. Expression of relevant targets was analyzed by quantitative PCR, Western blotting, or immunofluorescence. Serum levels of inflammatory mediators and nucleosides were determined by ELISA and LC/MS-MS, respectively. In the duodenum of volunteers exposed to high altitude we observed decreased mRNA levels of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), concentrative nucleoside transporters 1/2 (CNT1/2), organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1), organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), serotonin transporter (SERT), and higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A. Serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and serotonin were elevated, whereas the levels of uridine decreased upon exposure to hypoxia. Hypoxic IECs showed reduced levels of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2), OCTN2, and SERT mRNAs in vitro, which was confirmed on the protein level and was accompanied by activation of ERK1/2, increase of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins, and production of IL-8 mRNA. Costimulation with IFN-γ and IL-6 during hypoxia further decreased the expression of SERT, ENT2, and CNT2 in vitro. Reduced oxygen supply affects the expression pattern of duodenal SLCs that is accompanied by changes in serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and biologically active compounds demonstrating that intestinal transport is affected during systemic exposure to hypoxia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper A Wojtal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Alexandra Cee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Götze
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Frühauf
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Oncology Programme, National Biomedical Research Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease (CIBER EHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Torres-Torronteras
- Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders Unit, and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Martí
- Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders Unit, and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Maggiorini
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Lima, Peru; and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
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Activation of adenosine A3 receptor alleviates TNF-α-induced inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in human colonic epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:818251. [PMID: 24864134 PMCID: PMC4016939 DOI: 10.1155/2014/818251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the expression of adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) in human colonic epithelial cells and the effects of A3AR activation on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α-) induced inflammation in order to determine its mechanism of action in human colonic epithelial cells, human colonic epithelial cells (HT-29 cells) were treated with different concentrations of 2-Cl-IB-MECA prior to TNF-α stimulation, followed by analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway activation and downstream IL-8 and IL-1β production. A3AR mRNA and protein were expressed in HT-29 cells and not altered by changes in TNF-α or 2-Cl-IB-MECA. Pretreatment with 2-Cl-IB-MECA prior to stimulation with TNF-α attenuated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation as p65 protein decreased in the nucleus of cells and increased in the cytoplasm, inhibited the degradation of IκB-α, and reduced phosphorylated-IκB-α level significantly, compared to TNF-α-only-treated groups. Furthermore, 2-Cl-IB-MECA significantly decreased TNF-α-stimulated IL-8 and IL-1β mRNA expression and secretion, compared to the TNF-α-only treated group. These results confirm that A3AR is expressed in human colonic epithelial cells and demonstrate that its activation has an anti-inflammatory effect, through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway, which leads to inhibition of downstream IL-8 and IL-1β expression. Therefore, A3AR activation may be a potential treatment for gut inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Yang J, Zheng X, Haugen F, Darè E, Lövdahl C, Schulte G, Fredholm BB, Valen G. Adenosine increases LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in smooth muscle cells via an intracellular mechanism and modulates it via actions on adenosine receptors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:590-9. [PMID: 24119187 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM In inflamed and damaged cardiovascular tissues, local extracellular adenosine concentrations increase coincidentally with activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). To investigate whether adenosine influences NFκB activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and, if so, to examine the role of its receptors. METHODS VSMCs were isolated from NFκB-luciferase reporter mice, cultured and then treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate NFκB signalling. Adenosine, adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, adenosine deaminase and uptake inhibitors were used together with LPS to evaluate the role of adenosine and its receptors on NFκB activation, which was assessed by luciferase activity and NFκB target gene expression. RESULTS Adenosine potentiated LPS-induced NFκB activation. This was dependent on adenosine uptake and enhanced by an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, suggesting that intracellular adenosine plays an important role. Non-selective adenosine receptor agonists (2Cl-Ado and NECA) inhibited NFκB activation induced by LPS. Selective A1 or A2A antagonist given alone could not completely antagonize the NECA effect, indicating that the inhibitory effect was due to multiple adenosine receptors. The activation of the A3 receptor further increased LPS-induced NFκB activation. CONCLUSIONS Adenosine increases LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in smooth muscle cells via an intracellular mechanism and decreases it via actions on A1 and A2A receptors. These results provide novel insights into the role of adenosine as a regulator of inflammation-induced NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - X. Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - F. Haugen
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Basic Medical Science; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - E. Darè
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - C. Lövdahl
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. B. Fredholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Valen
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Basic Medical Science; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Burnstock G. Purinergic signalling in the gastrointestinal tract and related organs in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:3-50. [PMID: 24307520 PMCID: PMC3944042 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling plays major roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of digestive organs. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), together with nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, is a cotransmitter in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neuromuscular transmission. P2X and P2Y receptors are widely expressed in myenteric and submucous enteric plexuses and participate in sympathetic transmission and neuromodulation involved in enteric reflex activities, as well as influencing gastric and intestinal epithelial secretion and vascular activities. Involvement of purinergic signalling has been identified in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, ischaemia, diabetes and cancer. Purinergic mechanosensory transduction forms the basis of enteric nociception, where ATP released from mucosal epithelial cells by distension activates nociceptive subepithelial primary afferent sensory fibres expressing P2X3 receptors to send messages to the pain centres in the central nervous system via interneurons in the spinal cord. Purinergic signalling is also involved in salivary gland and bile duct secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Redolfi Riva E, Desii A, Sartini S, La Motta C, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V. PMMA/polysaccharides nanofilm loaded with adenosine deaminase inhibitor for targeted anti-inflammatory drug delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13190-7. [PMID: 24073802 DOI: 10.1021/la402229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel drug delivery vector, a free-standing polymeric ultrathin film (nanofilm) composed of PMMA and a polysaccharides multilayer, is presented. Chitosan and sodium alginate are alternatively deposited by spin-assisted LbL assembly onto a plasma-treated PMMA thin film. Hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drugs, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor (APP) and its fluorescent dansyl derivate (APP-Dns), are encapsulated inside the LbL multilayer using a simple casting deposition procedure. The resulting drug loaded nanofilm can be suspended in water upon dissolution of a PVA sacrificial layer. Morphological characterization of the nanofilm shows that PMMA/LbL nanofilms possess nanometric thickness (<200 nm) and very low surface roughness (1-2 nm for drug loaded nanofilms and <1 nm for blank nanofilm). Drug loaded films exhibit a diffusion controlled release mechanism following the Korsmayer-Peppas release model, confirmed by the fit of release data with a characteristic power law. Drug release is impaired through the PMMA layer, which acts effectively as a barrier for drug transport. This ultrathin polymer film can find application as a nanopatch for targeted inflammatory drug delivery to treat localized pathologies as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Redolfi Riva
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
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Da Silva AS, França RT, Costa MM, Paim FC, Pimentel VC, Schmatz R, Jaques JA, Schetinger MRC, Mazzanti CM, Tonin AA, Monteiro SG, Lopes STA. Adenosine levels in serum and adenosine deaminase activity in blood cells of dogs infected by Rangelia vitalii. J Parasitol 2013; 99:1125-8. [PMID: 23777319 DOI: 10.1645/13-176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-adenosinedeaminase (E-ADA) plays an important role in the production and differentiation of blood cells as well as in the control of extracellular adenosine levels. Infectious diseases can influence the synthesis of new cells or cause cell destruction, as occurs in canine rangeliosis, which results in anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and/or leukopenia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate E-ADA activity in sera, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and adenosine levels in sera samples of dogs infected by Rangelia vitalii. Twelve animals were divided into 2 groups: noninfected (n = 5) and infected by R. vitalii (n = 7). Animals were infected with 2 ml of blood containing the parasite, and parasitemia was estimated daily for 20 days by microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears. Blood collection was performed on days 0, 10, and 20 post-infection (PI) in order to evaluate the evolution of the disease. The blood collected was used to assess the activity of E-ADA. We observed an increase of E-ADA activity in sera (day 20 PI) and erythrocytes (days 10 and 20 PI) in the infected group (P < 0.05). E-ADA activity in lymphocytes was decreased on day 10, when the parasitemia was high, and increased after 20 days, when the number of circulating parasites was low. HPLC measured adenosine levels in the serum and found a reduction on days 10 and 20 PI. In conclusion, our results showed that E-ADA activity was altered in sera, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes of dogs experimentally infected by R. vitalii as well as the serum concentration of adenosine. These alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia and immune response in infected dogs.
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Li Y, Figler RA, Kolling G, Bracken TC, Rieger J, Stevenson RW, Linden J, Guerrant RL, Warren CA. Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces recurrence and mortality from Clostridium difficile infection in mice following vancomycin treatment. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:342. [PMID: 23217055 PMCID: PMC3523970 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) decreases production of inflammatory cytokines, prevents C. difficile toxin A-induced enteritis and, in combination with antibiotics, increases survival from sepsis in mice. We investigated whether A2AAR activation improves and A2AAR deletion worsens outcomes in a murine model of C. difficile (strain VPI10463) infection (CDI). Methods C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with an antibiotic cocktail prior to infection and then treated with vancomycin with or without an A2AAR agonist. A2AAR-/- and littermate wild-type (WT) mice were similarly infected, and IFNγ and TNFα were measured at peak of and recovery from infection. Results Infected, untreated mice rapidly lost weight, developed diarrhea, and had mortality rates of 50-60%. Infected mice treated with vancomycin had less weight loss and diarrhea during antibiotic treatment but mortality increased to near 100% after discontinuation of antibiotics. Infected mice treated with both vancomycin and an A2AAR agonist, either ATL370 or ATL1222, had minimal weight loss and better long-term survival than mice treated with vancomycin alone. A2AAR KO mice were more susceptible than WT mice to death from CDI. Increases in cecal IFNγ and blood TNFα were pronounced in the absence of A2AARs. Conclusion In a murine model of CDI, vancomycin treatment resulted in reduced weight loss and diarrhea during acute infection, but high recurrence and late-onset death, with overall mortality being worse than untreated infected controls. The administration of vancomycin plus an A2AAR agonist reduced inflammation and improved survival rates, suggesting a possible benefit of A2AAR agonists in the management of CDI to prevent recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Carter Harrison Bldg, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Leite PM, Gomes RS, Figueiredo AB, Serafim TD, Tafuri WL, de Souza CC, Moura SAL, Fietto JLR, Melo MN, Ribeiro-Dias F, Oliveira MAP, Rabello A, Afonso LCC. Ecto-nucleotidase activities of promastigotes from Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis relates to parasite infectivity and disease clinical outcome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1850. [PMID: 23071853 PMCID: PMC3469556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis has been associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations ranging from a simple cutaneous ulcer to destructive mucosal lesions. Factors leading to this diversity of clinical presentations are not clear, but parasite factors have lately been recognized as important in determining disease progression. Given the fact that the activity of ecto-nucleotidases correlates with parasitism and the development of infection, we evaluated the activity of these enzymes in promastigotes from 23 L. braziliensis isolates as a possible parasite-related factor that could influence the clinical outcome of the disease. Methodology/Principal Findings Our results show that the isolates differ in their ability to hydrolyze adenine nucleotides. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the time for peak of lesion development in C57BL/6J mice and enzymatic activity and clinical manifestation of the isolate. In addition, we found that L. (V.) braziliensis isolates obtained from mucosal lesions hydrolyze higher amounts of adenine nucleotides than isolates obtained from skin lesions. One isolate with high (PPS6m) and another with low (SSF) ecto-nucleotidase activity were chosen for further studies. Mice inoculated with PPS6m show delayed lesion development and present larger parasite loads than animals inoculated with the SSF isolate. In addition, PPS6m modulates the host immune response by inhibiting dendritic cell activation and NO production by activated J774 macrophages. Finally, we observed that the amastigote forms from PPS6m and SSF isolates present low enzymatic activity that does not interfere with NO production and parasite survival in macrophages. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that ecto-nucleotidases present on the promastigote forms of the parasite may interfere with the establishment of the immune response with consequent impaired ability to control parasite dissemination and this may be an important factor in determining the clinical outcome of leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a widespread tropical disease caused by different species of Leishmania protozoa that are transmitted by infected sandflies. Clinical presentations are extremely diverse and dependent on a variety of parasite and host factors that are poorly understood. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis infection may result in a devastating disease manifestation characterized by the development of destructive lesions in the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal mucosal. Ecto-nucleotidases are enzymes that are involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. These enzymes have been shown to correlate with virulence of Leishmania parasites. In this work, we evaluated the ecto-nucleotidase activity of promastigotes from the twenty three different L. braziliensis isolates. We demonstrated that isolates obtained from mucosal lesions present higher levels of ecto-nucleotidase activity than those from cutaneous lesions. In addition, we show that in the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, promastigote forms of parasite with higher activity induce a delayed/decreased immune response that may correlate with spreading of the parasites throughout the body. Thus, we propose that the level of ecto-nucleotidase activity of promastigotes may be a marker for the development of severe clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis and also a possible target for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M. Leite
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, DECBI/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, DECBI/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda B. Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, DECBI/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago D. Serafim
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, DECBI/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. de Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra A. L. Moura
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, DECBI/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana L. R. Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria N. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Milton A. P. Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Rabello
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou- FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís C. C. Afonso
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, DECBI/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Mantell S, Jones R, Trevethick M. Design and application of locally delivered agonists of the adenosine A(2A) receptor. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:55-72. [PMID: 22111533 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The broad spectrum anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists are well described. The wide distribution of this receptor, however, suggests that the therapeutic potential of these agents is likely to reside in topical treatments to avoid systemic side effects associated with oral administration. Adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists have been assessed as topical agents: GW328267X (GSK; allergic rhinitis and asthma), UK-432097 (Pfizer; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) and Sonedenoson (MRE0094, King Pharmaceuticals; wound healing). All trials failed to achieve effects against the desired clinical end points. This broad-based review will discuss general principles of chemical design of topically applied agents and potential therapeutic topical applications of current adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists. Potential factors contributing to the lack of efficacy in the above clinical trials will be discussed together with design principles, which may influence efficacy in disease states. Our analysis suggests that adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists have a wide therapeutic potential as topical agents in a wide variety of diseases, such as neutrophil-dependent lung diseases (acute lung injury, exacerbations in asthma and COPD), allergic rhinitis, glaucoma and wound repair. Factors that will influence topical activity include formulation, tissue retention, compound potency, receptor kinetics and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mantell
- PC 675, Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Analysis of candidate colitis genes in the Gdac1 locus of mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase-1 and -2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44262. [PMID: 22970191 PMCID: PMC3435402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice that are deficient for glutathione peroxidases 1 and 2 (GPX) show large variations in the penetrance and severity of colitis in C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ backgrounds. We mapped a locus contributing to this difference to distal chromosome 2 (∼119–133 mbp) and named it glutathione peroxidase-deficiency-associated colitis 1 (Gdac1). The aim of this study was to identify the best gene candidates within the Gdac1 locus contributing to the murine colitis phenotype. Method/Principal Findings We refined the boundaries of Gdac1 to 118–125 mbp (95% confidence interval) by increasing sample size and marker density across the interval. The narrowed region contains 128 well-annotated protein coding genes but it excludes Fermt1, a human inflammatory bowel disease candidate that was within the original boundaries of Gdac1. The locus we identified may be the Cdcs3 locus mapped by others studying IL10-knockout mice. Using in silico analysis of the 128 genes, based on published colon expression data, the relevance of pathways to colitis, gene mutations, presence of non-synonymous-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and whether the nsSNPs are predicted to have an impact on protein function or expression, we excluded 42 genes. Based on a similar analysis, twenty-five genes from the remaining 86 genes were analyzed for expression-quantitative-trait loci, and another 15 genes were excluded. Conclusion/Significance Among the remaining 10 genes, we identified Pla2g4f and Duox2 as the most likely colitis gene candidates, because GPX metabolizes PLA2G4F and DUOX2 products. Pla2g4f is a phospholipase A2 that has three potentially significant nsSNP variants and showed expression differences across mouse strains. PLA2G4F produces arachidonic acid, which is a substrate for lipoxygenases and, in turn, for GPXs. DUOX2 produces H2O2 and may control microbial populations. DUOX-1 and -2 control microbial populations in mammalian lung and in the gut of several insects and zebrafish. Dysbiosis is a phenotype that differentiates 129S1/SvImJ from C57BL/6J and may be due to strain differences in DUOX2 activity.
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Errasti-Murugarren E, Fernández-Calotti P, Veyhl-Wichmann M, Diepold M, Pinilla-Macua I, Pérez-Torras S, Kipp H, Koepsell H, Pastor-Anglada M. Role of the Transporter Regulator Protein (RS1) in the Modulation of Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (CNTs) in Epithelia. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:59-67. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.076992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Castro VSP, Pimentel VC, Da Silva AS, Thomé GR, Wolkmer P, Castro JLC, Costa MM, da Silva CB, Oliveira DC, Alves SH, Schetinger MRC, Lopes STA, Mazzanti CM. Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Serum and Lymphocytes of Rats Infected with Sporothrix schenckii. Mycopathologia 2011; 174:31-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Many pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are somnogenic, while many anti-inflammatory molecules inhibit sleep. Sleep loss increases the production/release of these sleep regulatory pro-inflammatory molecules. Further, sleep changes occurring during various pathologies are mediated by these inflammatory substances in response to pathogen recognition and subsequent inflammatory cellular pathways. This review summarizes information and concepts regarding inflammatory mechanisms of the innate immune system that mediate sleep. Further, we discuss sleep-immune interactions in regards to sleep in general, pathologies, and sleep as a local phenomenon including the central role that extracellular ATP plays in the initiation of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Zielinski
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA
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Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Daneshmand A, Mohammadi H, Bahremand A, Rasouli MR, Mousavizadeh K, Dehpour AR. Adenosine A2A receptors and uric acid mediate protective effects of inosine against TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649:376-81. [PMID: 20868668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease comprises chronic recurrent inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. This study was conducted to investigate inosine, a potent immunomodulator, in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic model of experimental colitis, and contribution of adenosine A(2A) receptors and the metabolite uric acid as possible underlying mechanisms. Experimental colitis was rendered in rats by a single colonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS. Inosine, potassium oxonate (a hepatic uricase inhibitor), SCH-442416 (a selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist), inosine+potassium oxonate, or inosine+SCH-442416 were given twice daily for 7 successive days. At the end of experiment, macroscopic and histopathologic scores, colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assessed. Plasma uric acid level was measured throughout the experiment. Both macroscopic and histological features of colonic injury were markedly ameliorated by either inosine, oxonate or inosine+oxonate. Likewise, the elevated amounts of MPO and MDA abated as well as those of TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05). SCH-442416 partially reversed the effect of inosine on theses markers, while inosine+oxonate showed a higher degree of protection than each treatment alone (P<.0.05). No significant difference was observed between TNBS and SCH-442416 groups. Uric acid levels were significantly higher in inosine or oxonate groups compared to control. Inosine+oxonate resulted in an even more elvelated uric acid level than each treatment alone (P<0.05). Inosine elicits notable anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Uric acid and adenosine A(2A) receptors contribute to these salutary properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ham M, Mizumori M, Watanabe C, Wang JH, Inoue T, Nakano T, Guth PH, Engel E, Kaunitz JD, Akiba Y. Endogenous luminal surface adenosine signaling regulates duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:607-13. [PMID: 20805305 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminal ATP increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) via brush border P2Y receptors. Because ATP is sequentially dephosphorylated to adenosine (ADO) and the brush border highly expresses adenosine deaminase (ADA), we hypothesized that luminal [ADO] regulators and sensors, including P1 receptors, ADA, and nucleoside transporters (NTs) regulate DBS. We measured DBS with pH and CO(2) electrodes, perfusing ADO ± adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists or the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172 on DBS. Furthermore, we examined the effect of inhibitors of ADA or NT on DBS. Perfusion of AMP or ADO (0.1 mM) uniformly increased DBS, whereas inosine had no effect. The A(1/2) receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (0.1 mM) increased DBS, whereas ADO-augmented DBS was inhibited by the potent A(2B) receptor antagonist N-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-[4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)phenoxy]-acetamide (MRS1754) (10 μM). Other selective adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists had no effect. The A(2B) receptor was immunolocalized to the brush border membrane of duodenal villi, whereas the A(2A) receptor was immunolocalized primarily to the vascular endothelium. Furthermore, ADO-induced DBS was enhanced by 2'-deoxycoformycin (1 μM) and formycin B (0.1 mM), but not by S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (0.1 mM), and it was abolished by CFTR(inh)-172 pretreatment (1 mg/kg i.p). Moreover, ATP (0.1 mM)-induced DBS was partially reduced by (1R,2S,4S,5S)-4-2-iodo-6-(methylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-(phosphonooxy)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester tetraammonium salt (MRS2500) or 8-[4-[4-(4-chlorophenzyl)piperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]]-1-propylxanthine (PSB603) and abolished by both, suggesting that ATP is sequentially degraded to ADO. Luminal ADO stimulates DBS via A(2B) receptors and CFTR. ATP release, ecto-phosphohydrolases, ADA, and concentrative NT may coordinately regulate luminal surface ADO concentration to modulate ADO-P1 receptor signaling in rat duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Ham
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Colucci R, Awwad O, Ghisu N, Tuccori M, Da Settimo F, La Motta C, Natale G, Duranti E, Virdis A, Blandizzi C. The blockade of adenosine deaminase ameliorates chronic experimental colitis through the recruitment of adenosine A2A and A3 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:434-42. [PMID: 20668053 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine modulates immune/inflammatory reactions. This study investigates the expression of adenosine deaminase in the inflamed colon, the effects of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on established colitis, and the recruitment of adenosine receptors by endogenous adenosine after adenosine deaminase blockade. Adenosine deaminase expression was determined by Western blot. The effects of 4-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-1-decyl)pyrazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine (APP; a novel adenosine deaminase inhibitor), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA; a reference adenosine deaminase inhibitor), dexamethasone, and selective adenosine receptor antagonists were tested in rats with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. Systemic (food intake, body and spleen weight) and colonic [macroscopic/microscopic damage, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA)] inflammatory parameters were assessed. Test drugs were administered intraperitoneally for 6 days, starting at day 5 from colitis induction. Adenosine deaminase was detected in normal colon, and its expression was increased in inflamed tissues. Colitis was associated with decreased food intake and body weight, augmented spleen weight, and increased levels of colonic TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA. APP or EHNA, but not dexamethasone, improved food intake and body weight. APP, EHNA, and dexamethasone counteracted the increments of spleen weight, ameliorated macroscopic and microscopic indexes of inflammation, and reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels. The beneficial effects of APP and EHNA on inflammatory parameters were prevented by the pharmacological blockade of A(2A) or A(3) receptors, but not A(1) or A(2B). The present results show that: 1) bowel inflammation is associated with an enhanced adenosine deaminase expression; and 2) the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine deaminase inhibitors against chronic established colitis depend on the sparing of endogenous adenosine, leading to enhanced A(2A) and A(3) receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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