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Jones AN, Scheurlen KM, Macleod A, Simon HL, Galandiuk S. Obesity and Inflammatory Factors in the Progression of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1403. [PMID: 38611081 PMCID: PMC11010915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity leads to a chronic pro-inflammatory state with systemic effects, including the alteration of macrophage metabolism. Tumor-associated macrophages have been linked to the formation of cancer through the production of metabolites such as itaconate. Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages. Similarly, leptin and adiponectin also influence macrophage cytokine expression and contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer via changes in gene expression within the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway influences cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. This work provides a review of obesity-related hormones and inflammatory mechanisms leading to the development and progression of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify studies related to obesity and EOCRC, with keywords including 'EOCRC', 'obesity', 'obesity-related hormones', 'itaconate', 'adiponectin', 'leptin', 'M2a macrophage', and 'microbiome'. With this concept of pro-inflammatory markers contributing to EOCRC, increased use of chemo-preventative agents such as aspirin may have a protective effect. Elucidating this association between obesity-related, hormone/cytokine-driven inflammatory effects with EOCRC may help lead to new therapeutic targets in preventing and treating EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N. Jones
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Katharina M. Scheurlen
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Anne Macleod
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Hillary L. Simon
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Shore R, Zhang J, Ye W, Stattin P, Lindblad M. Risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer; a nationwide cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:949-961. [PMID: 37341814 PMCID: PMC10533601 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether androgens play a role in explaining the sex related differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A nationwide matched cohort study was conducted employing the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) 4.0 during the study period 2006-2016. Prostate cancer (PC) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were treated as exposed. Prostate cancer-free men from the general population were randomly selected and matched to the index case by birth year and county of residence, forming the unexposed group. All were followed until a diagnosis of CRC, death, emigration, or end of the study period. The risk of CRC among ADT exposed PC patients compared to unexposed cancer-free men was calculated using a flexible parametric survival model and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There was an increased risk of CRC among ADT exposed PC patients compared to unexposed cancer-free men (HR 1.27 [95% CI 1.15-1.41]), in particular an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the colon (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.17-1.51]) and more specifically an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the distal colon (HR 1.53 [95% CI 1.26-1.85]). Examination of latency effects yielded significantly decreased HRs over time for CRC (p = 0.049 for trend). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study found an increased risk of CRC among PC patients exposed to ADT, specifically adenocarcinoma of the distal colon, which indicates an increased association between ADT (PC + ADT) and CRC but not a positive dose-response trend questioning a true causal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shore
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li Y, Wu X, Song Y, Wang P, Zhang B, Guo B, Liu Z, Wu Y, Shao S, Cheng Y, Guo H, Fan X, Zhao J. The short- and long-term readmission of four major categories of digestive system cancers: does obesity or metabolic disorder matter? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1214651. [PMID: 37964973 PMCID: PMC10642772 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1214651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with digestive system cancers (DSCs) are at a high risk for hospitalizations; however, the risk factors for readmission remain unknown. Here, we established a retrospective cohort study to assess the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and readmission risks of DSC. Experimental design A total of 142,753 and 74,566 patients at index hospitalization were ultimately selected from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) 2018 to establish the 30-day and 180-day readmission cohorts, respectively. The study population was classified into four groups: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of metabolic obesity phenotypes on DSC readmission. Results The MUNO phenotype had 1.147-fold (95% CI: 1.066, 1.235; p < 0.001) increased 180-day readmission risks in patients with neoplasm of the upper digestive tract. The MUNO phenotype had 1.073-fold (95% CI: 1.027, 1.121; p = 0.002) increased 30-day readmission risks and 1.067-fold (95% CI: 1.021, 1.115; p = 0.004) increased 180-day readmission risks in patients with neoplasm of the lower digestive tract. The MUNO and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors of readmission in patients with liver or pancreatic neoplasm. Metabolic obesity status was independently associated with a high risk of severe and unplanned hospitalization within 30 days or 180 days. Conclusion Both obesity and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a high risk for the poor prognosis of DSC patients. The effect of metabolic categories on the short- or long-term readmission of liver or pancreas cancers may be stronger than that of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bofei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingzhou Guo
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiping Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Voutsadakis IA. Presentation, Molecular Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Patients Older than 80 Years Old. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1574. [PMID: 37763693 PMCID: PMC10535827 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: An increasing proportion of the population of patients with cancer presents at an advanced age, increasing the challenges of successful and well-tolerated treatments. In the older spectrum of the geriatric cancer patients, those older than 80 years old, challenges are even higher because of increasing comorbidities and decreasing organ function reserves. Methods: Studies regarding colorectal cancer presentation, treatment, and prognosis in patients older than 80 years old available in the literature were evaluated and were compiled within a narrative review. Molecular attributes of colorectal cancer in the subset of patients older than 80 years old in published genomic cohorts were also reviewed and were compared with similar attributes in younger patients. Results: Characteristics of colorectal cancer in octogenarians are in many aspects similar to younger patients, but patients older than 80 years old present more often with right colon cancers. Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in selected patients over 80 years old is feasible and should be pursued. Adjuvant chemotherapy is under-utilized in this population. Although combination chemotherapy is in most cases not advisable, monotherapy with fluoropyrimidine derivatives is feasible and efficacious. Conclusions: Outcomes of colorectal cancer patients over the age of 80 years old may be optimized with a combination of standard treatments adjusted to the individual patient's functional status and organ reserves. Increased support for the older age group during their colorectal cancer treatment modalities would improve oncologic outcomes with decreasing adverse outcomes of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, 750 Great Northern Road, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; or
- Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Huang D, Shin WK, De la Torre K, Lee HW, Min S, Shin A, Lee JK, Kang D. Association between metabolic syndrome and gastric cancer risk: results from the Health Examinees Study. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:481-492. [PMID: 37010633 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) might create a pro-cancer environment and increase cancer incidence. However, evidence on the risk of gastric cancer (GC) was limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MetS and its components and GC in the Korean population. METHODS Included were 108,397 individuals who participated in the large-scale prospective cohort study, the Health Examinees-Gem study during 2004-2017. The multivariable Cox proportional was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on the association between MetS and its components with GC risk. Age was used as the time scale in the analyses. The stratified analysis was performed to determine the joint effect of lifestyle factors and MetS on GC risk in different groups. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 759 cases of newly diagnosed cancer (408 men and 351 women) were identified. Overall, participants with MetS had a 26% increased risk of GC than those without MetS (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07-1.47); the risk increased with the number of MetS components (p for trend 0.01). Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol, and hyperglycemia were independently associated with the risk of GC. The potential joint effect of MetS and current smokers (p for interaction 0.02) and obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0) (p for interaction 0.03) in GC. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort study, we found that MetS were associated with an increased risk of GC in the Korean population. Our findings suggest that MetS may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Katherine De la Torre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwi-Won Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sukhong Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhang X, Chaplow ZL, Bowman J, Shoben A, Felix AS, DeScenza VR, Kilar M, Focht BC, Paskett ED. The feasibility of a telephone-based weight loss intervention in rural Ohio: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282719. [PMID: 36928626 PMCID: PMC10019683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss through lifestyle modification can produce health benefits and may reduce cancer risk. The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility of and adherence to a 15-week telephone-based weight loss intervention in rural Ohio, an area with high rates of obesity. METHODS This pilot 2-arm randomized controlled study was designed for rural Ohio residents who were overweight or obese. Eligible participants were 2:1 randomly assigned to either a 15-week weight loss intervention group or active control group. The weight loss intervention group received weekly telephone sessions to improve healthy diet and increase physical activity. The active control group received education brochures with information on physical activity and dietary guidelines. Feasibility was defined as at least 80% of participants completing the follow-up surveys, and acceptable adherence was defined as the percentage of participants in the weight loss group who attend ≥75% of weekly telephone sessions. RESULTS A total of 423 individuals entered the online screening survey, 215 (50.8%) completed the survey, and 98 (45.6%) of those were eligible. Forty eligible individuals were enrolled and randomly assigned to the weight loss group (n = 27) or active control group (n = 13). The average age of the weight loss group was 49 (SD = 10) years, and 89% were female. The average age of the active control group was 51 (SD = 9) years, and 92% were female. Feasibility was demonstrated: 90% of participants completed the online follow-up surveys at 15-weeks. Among participants in the weight loss group, 22 out of 27 (81.5%) completed the 15-week intervention, the average number of sessions attended was 9.7 (64.9%). Adherence to the intervention was rated as acceptable among almost half of the group (48.1%). CONCLUSIONS Feasibility of a 15-week telephone-based weight loss study among rural residents with overweight/obesity were determined. A future study will test this intervention for weight loss efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zachary L. Chaplow
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jessica Bowman
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abigail Shoben
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley S. Felix
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Victoria R. DeScenza
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Megan Kilar
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Focht
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Choi GW, Cheong HK, Choi SY, Lee YC, Oh IH, Eun YG. Association between oral cavity cancer and metabolic syndrome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04288-4. [PMID: 36036310 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have been conducted on the association between oral cavity cancer and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral cavity cancer and metabolic diseases. METHODS This cohort study used the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service, which contains medical data of 97% of the Korean population. Oral cavity cancer occurred in a total of 2718 patients. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF criteria. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used. RESULTS The HR for oral cavity cancer in patients with metabolic syndrome was 1.113(95% CI 1.006-1.232), which was significantly higher than that in normal patients, especially in males (p = 0.0386). When the number of metabolic syndrome factors was ≥ 3, the HR of oral cavity cancer was 1.191(95% CI 1.026-1.383), which was significantly higher than that of 0 metabolic syndrome factors, especially in males (p = 0.0218). When the number of metabolic syndrome factors was ≥ 3, the HR for oral cavity cancer was 1.439(95% CI 1.066-1.942), which was significantly higher than that of 0 metabolic syndrome factors, especially in males aged < 50 years (p = 0.0173). CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of oral cavity cancer only in males. In addition, the incidence of oral cavity cancer increased as the number of factors constituting metabolic syndrome increased, only in young males aged < 50 years. Thus, metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for oral cavity cancer, particularly in young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Won Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyoung Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Young Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids Improve Colon Lesions and Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition in Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4524444. [PMID: 36016679 PMCID: PMC9398688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBFs) exhibit diverse biological activities, with antioxidant, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the role of TBFs in attenuating glucose and lipid disturbances in diabetic mice and hence preventing the occurrence of diabetes-related colon lesions in mice by regulating the gut microbiota. The results showed that TBFs (1) reversed blood glucose levels and body weight changes; (2) improved levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fasting insulin; and (3) significantly reduced diabetes-related colon lesions in diabetic mice. In addition, TBFs also affected the diabetes-related imbalance of the gut microbiota and enriched beneficial microbiota, including Akkermansia and Prevotella. The TBF also selectively increased short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Roseburia and Odoribacter, and decreased the abundance of the diabetes-related gut microbiota, including Escherichia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila. The correlation analysis indicated that TBFs improved metabolic parameters related to key communities of the gut microbiota. Our data suggested that TBFs alleviated glucose and lipid disturbances and improved colon lesions in diabetic mice, possibly by regulating the community composition of the gut microbiota. This regulation of the gut microbiota composition may explain the observed effects of TBFs to alleviate diabetes-related symptoms.
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Jimba T, Kaneko H, Yano Y, Itoh H, Yotsumoto H, Seki H, Morita K, Kiriyama H, Kamon T, Fujiu K, Michihata N, Jo T, Takeda N, Morita H, Nishiyama A, Node K, Yasunaga H, Komuro I. Relation of the Metabolic Syndrome to Incident Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults Aged 20 to 49 Years. Am J Cardiol 2021; 158:132-138. [PMID: 34481589 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Onco-cardiology is the emerging field, and the concept of shared risk factor holds an important position in this field. The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults is a critical epidemiological issue. Although metabolic syndrome, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is known to be associated with CRC incidence in middle-aged and elderly individuals, it is unclear whether this association is present in young adults. We assessed whether metabolic syndrome was associated with CRC events in young adults (aged <50 years), and whether the association differed by the definition of metabolic syndrome. We retrospectively analyzed 902,599 adults (20 to 49 years of age) enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database which is a nationwide epidemiological database in Japan between January 2005 and August 2018. Participants who had a history of CRC, colorectal polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Study participants were categorized into 2 groups according to the presence of metabolic syndrome, defined using the Japanese criteria (waist circumference ≥85 cm for men and ≥90 cm for women, and ≥2 metabolic parameters including elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or elevated fasting plasma glucose). Clinical outcomes were collected between January 2005 and August 2018. The primary outcome was CRC of any stage. Median (interquartile range) age was 41 (37 to 45), and 55.4% were men. Over a median follow-up of 1,008 (429 to 1,833) days, there were 1,884 incidences of CRC. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratio (HR) of metabolic syndrome for CRC events was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.49). Cox regression analysis after multiple imputation for missing values showed that metabolic syndrome was associated with CRC incidence (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.56). Metabolic syndrome was also associated with a higher incidence of CRC in individuals with a follow-up period of ≥365 days (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.60). This association was observed when metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.55) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.72). In conclusion, metabolic syndrome was associated with a higher incidence of CRC among individuals aged <50 years. These results could be informative for risk stratification of subsequent CRC among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Jimba
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan; The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hidetaka Itoh
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Yotsumoto
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Seki
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Morita
- The Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kiriyama
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kamon
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Sinicrope FA, Shi Q, Smyrk TC, Goldberg RM, Cohen SJ, Gill S, Kahlenberg MS, Nair S, Shield AF, Jahagirdar BN, Jacobson SB, Foster NR, Pollak MN, Alberts SR. Association of Adiponectin and Vitamin D With Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab070. [PMID: 34485815 PMCID: PMC8410141 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte-derived adiponectin may play a role in the host inflammatory response to cancer. We examined the association of plasma adiponectin with the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colon cancers and with vitamin D, clinicopathological features, and patient survival. Methods Plasma adiponectin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were analyzed by radioimmunoassay in 600 patients with stage III colon cancer who received FOLFOX-based adjuvant chemotherapy (NCCTG N0147 [Alliance]). TIL densities were determined in histopathological sections. Associations with disease-free survival (DFS), time to recurrence, and overall survival were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression adjusting for potential confounders (ie, body mass index, race, TILs, and N stage). All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results We found a statistically significant reduction in adiponectin, but not 25(OH)D, levels in tumors with high vs low TIL densities (median = 6845 vs 8984 ng/mL; P = .04). A statistically significant reduction in adiponectin was also observed in obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) vs nonobese patients (median = 6608 vs 12 351 ng/mL; P < .001), in men vs women (median = 8185 vs 11 567 ng/mL; P < .001), in Blacks vs Whites or Asians (median = 6412 vs 8847 vs 7858 ng/mL; P < .03), and in those with fewer lymph node metastases (N1 vs N2: median = 7768 vs 9253 ng/mL; P = .01). Insufficiency of 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) was detected in 291 (48.5%) patients. In multivariable analyses, neither adiponectin nor 25(OH)D were associated with a statistically significant difference in DFS, overall survival , or time to recurrence in models adjusted for potential confounders. We found a statistically significant association of TILs with prognosis, yet no such interaction was observed for the association of adiponectin with TILs for DFS. Conclusions Lower circulating adiponectin levels were associated with a statistically significant increase in TIL densities in colon cancers, indicating an enhanced antitumor immune response. In contrast to TILs, neither adiponectin nor 25(OH)D was independently prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Sinicrope
- Division of Oncology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence to: Frank A. Sinicrope, MD, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Qian Shi
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Division of Oncology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Sharlene Gill
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Anthony F Shield
- Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sawyer B Jacobson
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan R Foster
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Steven R Alberts
- Division of Oncology and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
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11
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Jiang H, Zhou L, He Q, Jiang K, Yuan J, Huang X. The effect of metabolic syndrome on head and neck cancer incidence risk: a population-based prospective cohort study. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 34082811 PMCID: PMC8173864 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited evidences clarifying the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components on head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence risk. We explored the correlation between MS, MS components, and the combined effects of MS and C-reactive protein (CRP) and HNC risk. METHODS This is a prospective analysis of 474,929 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and to explore the non-linear correlation between an individual MS component and HNC risk. RESULTS Individuals with MS (HR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.90-1.22) had no higher HNC risk than those without MS. More MS components showed no higher HNC risk. Nevertheless, hyperglycemia (HR, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.02-1.45) was independently correlated with elevated HNC risk. In a non-linear manner, waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) showed a U-shaped association with HNC risk. Further, piecewise linear model analysis indicated that higher male waist circumference, female waist circumference (≥93.16 cm), blood glucose (≥4.70 mmol/L) and male HDL-C (≥1.26mmo/L), and lower male HDL-C (<1.26mmo/L) were correlated with higher HNC risk. Increased CRP (≥1.00mg/dL) elevated HNC risk and individuals with MS and CRP≥1.00mg/dL had the highest HNC risk (HR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.05-1.58). But no joint effect between MS and CRP was detected (p-interaction=0.501). CONCLUSIONS MS are not correlated with elevated HNC risk. High waist circumference and blood glucose are independent risk factor of HNC incidence. Controlling HDL-C in an appropriate range can get the lowest risk of male HNC. No joint effect of MS and CRP exists in HNC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaili Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng He
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kanglun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Adiponectin: Structure, Physiological Functions, Role in Diseases, and Effects of Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041180. [PMID: 33918360 PMCID: PMC8066826 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (a protein consisting of 244 amino acids and characterized by a molecular weight of 28 kDa) is a cytokine that is secreted from adipose tissues (adipokine). Available evidence suggests that adiponectin is involved in a variety of physiological functions, molecular and cellular events, including lipid metabolism, energy regulation, immune response and inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. It has a protective effect on neurons and neural stem cells. Adiponectin levels have been reported to be negatively correlated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and shown to be affected (i.e., significantly increased) by proper healthy nutrition. The present review comprehensively overviews the role of adiponectin in a range of diseases, showing that it can be used as a biomarker for diagnosing these disorders as well as a target for monitoring the effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions.
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13
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Silva A, Pereira SS, Monteiro MP, Araújo A, Faria G. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components on Colon Cancer Characteristics and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631257. [PMID: 33747952 PMCID: PMC7970759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is recognized as a risk factor for colon cancer (CC). However, whether the cluster of metabolic changes that define MS also influence CC prognosis remains unclear. Thus, our aim was to investigate whether the presence of MS or any of the MS individual components could provide prognostic information on tumor phenotype and survival outcomes. Clinical and pathological data from patients with CC (n = 300) who underwent surgical resection at a single tertiary hospital were retrospectively collected to evaluate presence of MS components and diagnostic criteria, CC phenotype and disease outcomes. Patients were allocated into two groups according to the presence or absence of MS (n = 85 MS vs n = 83 non-MS). The overall prevalence of MS individual components was 82.7% for increased waist-circumference (WC), 61.3% for high blood pressure (BP), 48.8% for low HDL-cholesterol, 39.9% for high fasting glucose, and 33.9% for hypertriglyceridemia. Patients in the MS group presented smaller tumors (p = 0.006) with lower T-stage (p = 0.002). High BP (p = 0.029) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) were associated with a smaller tumor size, while low-HDL (p = 0.008) was associated with lower T-stage. After propensity score matching using age, tumor size and staging as covariates high-BP (p = 0.020) and WC (p = 0.003) were found to influence disease-free survival, but not overall survival. In conclusion, despite MS being an established risk factor for CC, our data does not support the hypothesis that MS components have a negative impact on disease extension or prognosis. Nevertheless, a protective role of BP and lipid lowering drugs cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S Pereira
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - António Araújo
- Unit of Oncobiology Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- iGo Department, CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal.,General Surgery, Hospital de Pedro Hispano - Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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O-GlcNAcylation Links Nutrition to the Epigenetic Downregulation of UNC5A during Colon Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113168. [PMID: 33126652 PMCID: PMC7693889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nutritional disorders represent major risk factors for colorectal cancer according to mechanisms of action that are still insufficiently known. The aim of our study was to investigate the putative involvement of nutrition in the epigenetic downregulation of the tumor suppressor genes of the UNC5 (Uncoordinated 5) family during colonic carcinogenesis and to understand its molecular relays. Herein, we provided evidence that the consumption of a High Carbohydrate Diet worsens colon carcinogenesis in mice and is correlated with the downregulation of several members of the UNC5 family whose UNC5A (Uncoordinated 5A). Mechanistically, we identified the nutritional sensor O-GlcNAcylation as one of the molecular relays that regulate the recruitment of the PRC2 complex onto the UNC5A promoter to repress its transcription. Abstract While it is now accepted that nutrition can influence the epigenetic modifications occurring in colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Among the tumor suppressor genes frequently epigenetically downregulated in CRC, the four related genes of the UNC5 family: UNC5A, UNC5B, UNC5C and UNC5D encode dependence receptors that regulate the apoptosis/survival balance. Herein, in a mouse model of CRC, we found that the expression of UNC5A, UNC5B and UNC5C was diminished in tumors but only in mice subjected to a High Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) thus linking nutrition to their repression in CRC. O-GlcNAcylation is a nutritional sensor which has enhanced levels in CRC and regulates many cellular processes amongst epigenetics. We then investigated the putative involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the epigenetic downregulation of the UNC5 family members. By a combination of pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference approaches coupled to RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) analyses, promoter luciferase assay and CUT&RUN (Cleavage Under Target & Release Using Nuclease) experiments, we demonstrated that the O-GlcNAcylated form of the histone methyl transferase EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) represses the transcription of UNC5A in human colon cancer cells. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that O-GlcNAcylation could represent one link between nutrition and epigenetic downregulation of key tumor suppressor genes governing colon carcinogenesis including UNC5A.
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15
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Guercio BJ, Zhang S, Ou FS, Venook AP, Niedzwiecki D, Lenz HJ, Innocenti F, Pollak MN, Nixon AB, Mullen BC, O'Neil BH, Shaw JE, Polite BN, Benson AB, Atkins JN, Goldberg RM, Brown JC, O'Reilly EM, Mayer RJ, Blanke CD, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA. IGF-Binding Proteins, Adiponectin, and Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From CALGB (Alliance)/SWOG 80405. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 5:pkaa074. [PMID: 33426464 PMCID: PMC7785047 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy balance-related biomarkers are associated with risk and prognosis of various malignancies. Their relationship to survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) requires further study. Methods Baseline plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGFBP-7, C-peptide, and adiponectin were measured at time of trial registration in a prospective cohort of patients with mCRC participating in a National Cancer Institute–sponsored trial of first-line systemic therapy. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to adjust for confounders and examine associations of each biomarker with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). P values are 2-sided. Results Median follow-up for 1086 patients was 6.2 years. Compared with patients in the lowest IGFBP-3 quintile, patients in the highest IGFBP-3 quintile experienced an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for OS of 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42 to 0.78; Pnonlinearity < .001) and for PFS of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.82; Ptrend = .003). Compared with patients in the lowest IGFBP-7 quintile, patients in the highest IGFBP-7 quintile experienced an adjusted hazard ratio for OS of 1.60 (95% CI = 1.30 to 1.97; Ptrend < .001) and for PFS of 1.38 (95% CI = 1.13 to 1.69; Ptrend < .001). Plasma C-peptide and IGF-1 were not associated with patient outcomes. Adiponectin was not associated with OS; there was a nonlinear U-shaped association between adiponectin and PFS (Pnonlinearity = .03). Conclusions Among patients with mCRC, high plasma IGFBP-3 and low IGFBP-7 were associated with longer OS and PFS. Extreme levels of adiponectin were associated with shorter PFS. These findings suggest potential avenues for prognostic and therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Guercio
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan P Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Michael N Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian C Mullen
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bert H O'Neil
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James E Shaw
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Blase N Polite
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Al Bowen Benson
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James N Atkins
- Southeast Clinical Oncology Research (SCOR) Consortium, National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Justin C Brown
- Department of Population and Public Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles D Blanke
- SWOG Cancer Research Network and Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Xia B, He Q, Pan Y, Gao F, Liu A, Tang Y, Chong C, Teoh AYB, Li F, He Y, Zhang C, Yuan J. Metabolic syndrome and risk of pancreatic cancer: A population‐based prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3384-3393. [PMID: 32580250 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiangsheng He
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Precision Medicine Center. Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Perioperative, Critical Care and Trauma Trials Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anran Liu
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nutriology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Charing Chong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony Y B Teoh
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong He
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Precision Medicine Center. Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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17
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Investigation of the Risk Factors and Associated Co-Morbid Conditions among Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Trinidad. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In Trinidad and Tobago, it is the third most common type of cancer in both sexes. Since there is scanty research on the risk factors associated with CRC, this study was conducted to determine the correlation between risk factors, including associated comorbid conditions, and CRC in Trinidad. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst diagnosed CRC patients (>18 years) using a pre-tested questionnaire consisting of sections on demographic data, lifestyle before diagnosis, quality of life, and depression status. Additional information such as recurrence of cancer, Body Mass Index (BMI), Hypertension (HT), blood glucose levels and family history of cancer were collected from the medical records. Of the total participants, the majority were males (58%), and the mean age of diagnosis in both sexes was 65 years. The retrospective chart review showed that 68% were found to have a comorbid condition (Diabetes or HT). Upon review of the medical records, 93.2% of the subjects did not have a familial history. However, the questionnaire data showed that 73% of subjects had a family history. Around 50% of CRC patients were alcohol consumers and 30% were cigarette smokers prior to their cancer diagnosis. Interestingly, a majority of patients (91%) had never been screened for CRC prior to their diagnosis. Subjects with CRC displayed minimal depression, indicating that being diagnosed with CRC did not have a grave impact on their state of mind or quality of life. Our findings showed that prevalence of CRC was higher in males and amongst individuals of African descent. However, larger prospective studies may be warranted to fully demonstrate this effect.
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Diao P, Wang X, Jia F, Kimura T, Hu X, Shirotori S, Nakamura I, Sato Y, Nakayama J, Moriya K, Koike K, Gonzalez FJ, Aoyama T, Tanaka N. A saturated fatty acid-rich diet enhances hepatic lipogenesis and tumorigenesis in HCV core gene transgenic mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108460. [PMID: 32992072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that high consumption of saturated fatty acid (SFA) is a risk factor for liver cancer. However, it remains unclear how dietary SFA affects liver tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a SFA-rich diet on hepatic tumorigenesis using hepatitis C virus core gene transgenic (HCVcpTg) mice that spontaneously developed hepatic steatosis and tumors with aging. Male HCVcpTg mice were treated for 15 months with a purified control diet or SFA-rich diet prepared by replacing soybean oil in the control diet with hydrogenated coconut oil, and phenotypic changes were assessed. In this special diet, almost all dietary fatty acids were SFA. Long-term feeding of SFA-rich diet to HCVcpTg mice increased hepatic steatosis, liver dysfunction, and the prevalence of liver tumors, likely due to stimulation of de novo lipogenesis, activation of the pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), enhanced c-Jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein 1 (JNK/AP-1) signaling and induction of the oncogenes cyclin D1 and p62/sequestosome 1. The SFA-rich diet did not affect liver fibrosis or autophagy. Collectively, long-term SFA-rich diet consumption promoted hepatic tumorigenesis mainly through activation of lipogenesis, NF-κB, and JNK/AP-1 signaling. We therefore propose that HCV-infected patients should avoid excessive intake of SFA-rich foods to prevent liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Diao
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping Jia
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Saki Shirotori
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ibuki Nakamura
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshifumi Aoyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
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19
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Lee J, Lee KS, Kim H, Jeong H, Choi MJ, Yoo HW, Han TH, Lee H. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of colorectal cancer. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:6. [PMID: 32075578 PMCID: PMC7031951 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. METHODS Using health checkup and insurance claims data of 6,365,409 subjects, the occurrence of CRC according to stage of MetS by sex was determined from the date of the health checkup in 2009 until December 31, 2018. RESULTS Cumulative incidence rates (CIR) of CRC in men and women was 3.9 and 2.8 per 1000 (p < 0.001), respectively. CIR of CRC for the normal, pre-MetS, and MetS groups in men was 2.6, 3.9, and 5.5 per 1000 (p < 0.001) and CIR in women was 2.1, 2.9, and 4.5 per 1000 (p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with the normal group, the hazard ratio (HR) of CRC for the pre-MetS group was 1.25 (95% CI 1.17-1.33) in men and 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.17) in women, and the HR of CRC for the MetS group was 1.54 (95% CI 1.43-1.65) in men and 1.39 (95% CI 1.26-1.53) in women after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found that MetS is a risk factor for CRC in this study. Therefore, the prevention and active management of MetS would contribute to the prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Kun Sei Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyoseon Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hai-Won Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Tae-Hwa Han
- Health IT Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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20
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Dodds SG, Parihar M, Javors M, Nie J, Musi N, Dave Sharp Z, Hasty P. Acarbose improved survival for Apc +/Min mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13088. [PMID: 31903726 PMCID: PMC6996958 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acarbose blocks the digestion of complex carbohydrates, and the NIA Intervention Testing Program (ITP) found that it improved survival when fed to mice. Yet, we do not know if lifespan extension was caused by its effect on metabolism with regard to the soma or cancer suppression. Cancer caused death for ~80% of ITP mice. The ITP found rapamycin, an inhibitor to the pro-growth mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway, improved survival and it suppressed tumors in Apc+/Min mice providing a plausible rationale to ask if acarbose had a similar effect. Apc+/Min is a mouse model prone to intestinal polyposis and a mimic of familial adenomatous polyposis in people. Polyp-associated anemia contributed to their death. To address this knowledge gap, we fed two doses of acarbose to Apc+/Min mice. Acarbose improved median survival at both doses. A cross-sectional analysis was performed next. At both doses, ACA fed mice exhibited reduced intestinal crypt depth, weight loss despite increased food consumption and reduced postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin, indicative of improved insulin sensitivity. Dose-independent and dose-dependent compensatory liver responses were observed for AMPK and mTORC1 activities, respectively. Only mice fed the high dose diet exhibited reductions in tumor number with higher hematocrits. Because low-dose acarbose improved lifespan but failed to reduced tumors, its effects seem to be independent of cancer. These data implicate the importance of improved carbohydrate metabolism on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry G. Dodds
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Manish Parihar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Martin Javors
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
- San Antonio Geriatric ResearchEducation, and Clinical CenterSouth Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Zelton Dave Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
- Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
- Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas HealthSan AntonioTXUSA
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21
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Shin S, Lim J, Lee HW, Kim CE, Kim SA, Lee JK, Kang D. Association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and coffee consumption among Korean adults: results from the Health Examinees study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1371-1378. [PMID: 31663770 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the frequency and quantity of coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Health Examinees study. A total of 130 420 participants (43 682 men and 86 738 women) were included in our study. Coffee consumption was categorized into 5 categories (0, <1, 1, 2-3, and ≥4 cups/day). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervalS (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression. In this study population, the prevalence of MetS was 12 701 (29.1%) in men and 21 338 (24.6%) in women. High coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS compared with non-coffee consumers (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90, p for trend <0.0001 in men; OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.62-0.78, p for trend <0.0001 in women). The multivariable-adjusted ORs for high fasting glucose decreased with increasing levels of coffee consumption in men (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54-0.67, p for trend <0.0001) and women (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.63-0.79, p for trend <0.0001). For women, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.93, p for trend = 0.0007) decreased with increasing levels of coffee consumption. We found that coffee consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women. Our study warrants further prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546 Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Hwi-Won Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Claire E Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546 Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- JW Lee Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Cho Y, Lim SK, Joo SK, Jeong DH, Kim JH, Bae JM, Park JH, Chang MS, Lee DH, Jung YJ, Kim BG, Kim D, Lee KL, Kim W. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with a higher risk of advanced colorectal neoplasm. Liver Int 2019; 39:1722-1731. [PMID: 31162812 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to increase the risk of adenomatous colonic polyps. However, the role of screening colonoscopy in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasm is not clearly evidence-based. Therefore, we investigated whether the histological severity of NAFLD is associated with advanced colorectal neoplasm. METHODS This study included patients ≥18 years old who underwent screening colonoscopy between 2013 and 2018 within a biopsy-evaluated prospective NAFLD cohort. Advanced colorectal neoplasm was defined as an adenomatous polyp greater than 10 mm in diameter and/or with villous histology and/or with high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Among the 476 patients with clinically suspected NAFLD, 379 patients were diagnosed with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 97 patients had no evidence of NAFLD histologically, who were analyzed as healthy controls. The prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasm was 11.1% (n = 53). Patients with advanced colorectal neoplasm had higher grade of steatosis (P = 0.004) and higher stage of hepatic fibrosis (P = 0.044) than those with normal colonoscopic findings or low-grade adenomatous polyp. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was an independent risk factor for both colorectal polyp (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.12-3.86; P = 0.020) and advanced colorectal neoplasm (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.01-7.87; P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The presence of biopsy-proven NASH was significantly associated with an increased risk of advanced colorectal neoplasm among patients with NAFLD. This finding may alert physicians to conduct screening colonoscopy in patients with NASH to detect advanced colorectal neoplasm early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyong Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Croft B, Reed M, Patrick C, Kovacevich N, Voutsadakis IA. Diabetes, Obesity, and the Metabolic Syndrome as Prognostic Factors in Stages I to III Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50:221-229. [PMID: 29335847 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempts to introduce prognostic factors for survival outcomes in localized colorectal cancer patients receiving surgical treatment with or without adjuvant therapies, beyond the classic staging parameters, have been met with limited success. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are among the conditions that predispose to colorectal cancer but their value as prognostic markers once the disease is diagnosed is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study examines the prognostic value of the components of metabolic syndrome in a retrospective series of colorectal cancer patients with stages I to III disease followed in a single center. RESULTS Among the four components of the metabolic syndrome, only diabetes was independently associated with progression-free survival (PFS) while obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were not. No associations of the metabolic syndrome (MS) or its components with overall survival (OS) were observed in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION These data pinpoint to diabetes mellitus (DM) as a possible prognostic factor for PFS in localized colorectal cancer and further cast doubt for the value of obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) on local stage colorectal cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Croft
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Reed
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlyn Patrick
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Kovacevich
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, P6B 0A8, Canada.
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Cavagnari MAV, Vidigal VM, Silva TD, Barão K, Forones NM. ADIPONECTIN, VITAMIN D AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED COLORECTAL CANCER OR DURING FOLLOW-UP. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:172-177. [PMID: 31460582 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) related deaths, many studies have investigated variables that can affect survival, with the aim of prolonging survival. The nutritional status can also be predict survival in patients with CRC. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate if BMI, %FAT, PhA, PG-SGA, adiponectin levels, and vitamin D levels are relevant to the characterization and differentiation of patients with advanced CRC and patients with a history of CRC. METHODS The study was carried out by patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Group 1) and patients in follow-up after colorectal cancer treatment (Group 2). Nutritional status was assessed using the body mass index, body fat percentage, phase angle from bioelectrical impedance, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score. Adiponectin concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and vitamin D levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 23 and 27 patients, respectively. The body mass index, body fat percentage, phase angle, vitamin D and adiponectin levels were not significantly different between the groups. The mean Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2, and was significantly correlated with the long-term mortality risk. CONCLUSION Among the nutritional status parameters, only the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score was significantly different between the groups and was an important predictor of survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Abe Vicente Cavagnari
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Setor de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Verônica Marques Vidigal
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Setor de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tiago Donizetti Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Setor de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Katia Barão
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Setor de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nora Manoukian Forones
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Setor de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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25
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Zhou J, Huang X, Jiang X. Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome on Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3558-3565. [PMID: 31086125 PMCID: PMC6530438 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, which is used as a marker of colorectal cancer. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) has been recently reported to have cancer-promoting effects. The aim of our study was to observe the effect of OSAS on serum levels of CEA in patients with T2DM. Material/Methods We enrolled 401 T2DM patients in this study. There were 244 patients with OSAS and 157 patients without OSAS. Results The CEA level in T2DM patients with OSAS was higher than that in those without OSAS (p<0.05). The participants with AHI scores ≥30 had higher CEA levels than those with 5≤ AHI scores <30 (p<0.05). The AHI score and ODI score were independently associated with increased risk of high CEA level in T2DM patients (odds ratio [OR]=1.052, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011~1.095) and (OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.070~1.377). Moreover, among male T2DM patients, the AHI score and ODI score had a linear correlation with the CEA level; this association was also observed in T2DM patients who smoked, had an HbA1c level ≥7%, or had a BMI ≥28 kg/m2 (all p<0.05). Conclusions The AHI score and ODI score were positively associated with the CEA level in T2DM patients. The relationship was stronger in male T2DM patients and in those who smoked, were obese, or had poor glycemic control. The mechanism may be related to metabolic disorders, and the potential increased risk of colorectal cancer should be investigated in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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26
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Nakayama Y, Iijima T, Wakaume R, Takahashi K, Matsumoto H, Nakano D, Miyaki M, Yamaguchi T. Microsatellite instability is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215513. [PMID: 31002690 PMCID: PMC6474599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a clonal change in the number of repeated DNA nucleotide units in microsatellites. High-frequency MSI (MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRCs) are known to have different clinicopathological features compared with microsatellite stable (MSS) CRCs. In addition, previous studies have shown that type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for malignant tumors including CRCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between T2DM and MSI-H colorectal cancer. Methods The study design is a single center, cross-sectional study. Data from a series of 936 patients with CRCs were collected and MSI status was assessed. Results In total, 29 (3.1%) and 907 (96.9%) tumors were classified as having MSI-H and low-frequency microsatellite instability or being MSS (MSS), respectively. Of the 936 patients, 275 (29.6%) were associated with T2DM. One (3.4%) of the 29 MSI-H patients and 274 (30.2%) of the 907 MSS patients had T2DM. Thus, the incidence of T2DM was significantly less frequent in MSI-H compared with MSS patients (Fisher’s exact test: p = 0.0007). Conclusions We conclude that MSS tumors are significantly more common than MSI-H tumors among individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeru Iijima
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Wakaume
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Miyaki
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Zabeau L, Wauman J, Dam J, Van Lint S, Burg E, De Geest J, Rogge E, Silva A, Jockers R, Tavernier J. A novel leptin receptor antagonist uncouples leptin's metabolic and immune functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1201-1214. [PMID: 30659329 PMCID: PMC11105424 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leptin links body energy stores to high energy demanding processes like reproduction and immunity. Based on leptin's role in autoimmune diseases and cancer, several leptin and leptin receptor (LR) antagonists have been developed, but these intrinsically lead to unwanted weight gain. Here, we report on the uncoupling of leptin's metabolic and immune functions based on the cross talk with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We show that both receptors spontaneously interact and, remarkably, that this complex can partially overrule the lack of LR activation by a leptin antagonistic mutein. Moreover, this leptin mutant induces EGFR phosphorylation comparable to wild-type leptin. Exploiting this non-canonical leptin signalling pathway, we identified a camelid single-domain antibody that selectively inhibits this LR-EGFR cross talk without interfering with homotypic LR signalling. Administration in vivo showed that this single-domain antibody did not interfere with leptin's metabolic functions, but could reverse the leptin-driven protection against starvation-induced thymic and splenic atrophy. These findings offer new opportunities for the design and clinical application of selective leptin and LR antagonists that avoid unwanted metabolic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Zabeau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Wauman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Dam
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elianne Burg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer De Geest
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anisia Silva
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Amin MN, Hussain MS, Sarwar MS, Rahman Moghal MM, Das A, Hossain MZ, Chowdhury JA, Millat MS, Islam MS. How the association between obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1213-1224. [PMID: 31336467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction and over nutrition. Increased body mass index and obesity are strongly amalgamated with changes in the physiological function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory mediators release as well as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. The purposes of this study were to review the evidence of how obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. SUMMARY Recent findings suggested that increased level of inflammatory mediators in obesity, plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of different types of inflammatory disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Link between elevated body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several of the factors-such as increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation etc. consequently result in carcinogenesis and carcinogenic progression too. CONCLUSION This review summarizes how cytokine production in adipose tissue of obese subject creates a chronic inflammatory environment that favors tumor cell motility and invasion to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells. High levels of cytokine in the circulation of affected individuals have been associated with a significantly worse outcome. This article also reconnoiters the mechanisms that link obesity to numerous disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, cancers and most specifically combine these processes in a single image. Understanding these mechanisms may assist to understand the consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Sonapur, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, 1902, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
| | - Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Milano A, Bianco MA, Buri L, Cipolletta L, Grossi E, Rotondano G, Tessari F, Efthymakis K, Neri M. Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma and cancer: a study in a White population using the harmonized criteria. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819867839. [PMID: 31523276 PMCID: PMC6727097 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819867839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with colorectal adenomas and cancer. However, MetS definitions have changed over time, leading to a heterogeneity of patients included in previous studies and a substantial inextensibility of observations across time or eastern and western populations. Our aim was to evaluate the association of 'harmonized' criteria-defined MetS and its individual components with colorectal neoplasia and cancer in a western population. METHODS In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, we prospectively evaluated consecutive outpatients who underwent open-access colonoscopy over a 3-month period. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 'harmonized' criteria. RESULTS Out of 5707 patients enrolled, we found 213 cancers (3.7%), 1614 polyps (28.3%), 240 nonpolypoid lesions (4.2%), 95 laterally spreading tumors (1.6%). Polyps presented histological low-grade dysplasia in 72.9% of samples, while in 9.8%, high-grade dysplasia or in situ carcinoma was present; dysplasia rates for nonpolypoid lesions were 66.2% (low-grade) and 2.9% (high-grade/in situ carcinoma), while for laterally spreading tumors, 29.6% and 37%, respectively. Overall, MetS prevalence was 41.6%. MetS correlated with both adenomas [odds ratio (OR): 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-2.00] and cancer (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.42-2.58). MetS was the only risk factor for such colonic lesions in subjects younger than 50 years. For all colonic neoplasia, we found MetS and not its individual components to be significantly associated. CONCLUSIONS MetS is risk factor for cancer and adenoma in Whites, especially when younger than 50 years. MetS patients might be considered as a high-risk population also in colorectal cancer screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Milano
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G.D.’ Annunzio University and Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, ‘SS Annunziata’ University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Bianco
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Hospital ‘A Maresca’, Torre del Greco, Italy
| | - Luigi Buri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Livio Cipolletta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Hospital ‘A Maresca’, Torre del Greco, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Efthymakis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences and Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G.D.’ Annunzio University and Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, ‘SS Annunziata’ University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
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Clinical trials of kimchi intakes on the regulation of metabolic parameters and colon health in healthy Korean young adults. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Abar L, Vieira AR, Aune D, Sobiecki JG, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, Greenwood DC, Chan DSM, Schlesinger S, Norat T. Height and body fatness and colorectal cancer risk: an update of the WCRF-AICR systematic review of published prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1701-1720. [PMID: 29080978 PMCID: PMC6060816 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no published dose-response meta-analysis on the association between height and colorectal cancer risk (CRC) by sex and anatomical sub-site. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between height and CRC risk with subgroup analysis and updated evidence on the association between body fatness and CRC risk. METHODS PubMed and several other databases were searched up to November 2016. A random effects model was used to calculate dose-response summary relative risks (RR's). RESULTS 47 studies were included in the meta-analyses including 50,936 cases among 7,393,510 participants. The findings support the existing evidence regarding a positive association of height, general and abdominal body fatness and CRC risk. The summary RR were 1.04 [95% (CI)1.02-1.05, I² = 91%] per 5 cm increase in height, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.01-1.02, I² = 0%] per 5 kg increase in weight, 1.06 [95% (CI)1.04-1.07, I² = 83%] per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.02-1.03, I² = 4%] per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.03 [95% (CI)1.01-1.05, I² = 16%] per 0.1 unit increase in waist to hip ratio. The significant association for height and CRC risk was similar in men and women. The significant association for BMI and CRC risk was stronger in men than in women. CONCLUSION The positive association between height and risk of CRC suggests that life factors during childhood and early adulthood might play a role in CRC aetiology. Higher general and abdominal body fatness during adulthood are risk factors of CRC and these associations are stronger in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Ana Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jakub G Sobiecki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Snieguole Vingeliene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Elli Polemiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christophe Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Doris S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
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Goulart A, Varejão A, Nogueira F, Martins S, Mesquita-Rodrigues A, Sousa N, Leão P. The influence of metabolic syndrome in the outcomes of colorectal cancer patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S867-S871. [PMID: 28711516 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Determine the influence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in the outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery at 30days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study that included all patients submitted to elective colorectal cancer surgery between August 2015 and August 2016 at Hospital de Braga. Clinical and laboratory parameters evaluated pre-operatively were: central obesity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides levels and HDL cholesterol levels. Any complications during the first 30-days after surgery were recorded (readmission, reintervention, anastomotic dehiscence, morbimortality). RESULTS One hundred and thirty-four patients were included. Metabolic syndrome was diagnostic in 40.7% of patients with the ATPIII definition, 67.5% with the AHA definition and 67.0% with the IDF definition. At 30days after colorectal cancer surgery, 73.1% patients don't have any complication, 15.7% have minor complications (grade I/II of Clavien-Dindo classification), 11.1% have major complications (grade III/IV/V of Clavien-Dindo classification) and 1.5% have died from surgical complications (grade V of Clavien-Dindo classification). The statistic analysis didn't reveal any association between MS, or it's different components, and surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION This study seems to indicate that metabolic syndrome don't have any influence in surgical outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Goulart
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Varejão
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Sandra Martins
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Preventive Effects of Pentoxifylline on the Development of Colonic Premalignant Lesions in Obese and Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020413. [PMID: 28212276 PMCID: PMC5343947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities, including enhanced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, are closely related to colorectal tumorigenesis. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effects of PTX on the development of carcinogen-induced colorectal premalignant lesions in obese and diabetic mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, which are severely obese and diabetic, were administered weekly subcutaneous injections of the colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks and then received drinking water containing 125 or 500 ppm PTX for eight weeks. At the time of sacrifice, PTX administration markedly suppressed the development of premalignant lesions in the colorectum. The levels of oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased in the PTX-treated group compared with those in the untreated control group. In PTX-administered mice, the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-α, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the colonic mucosa, were significantly reduced. These observations suggest that PTX attenuated chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and prevented the development of colonic tumorigenesis in an obesity-related colon cancer model.
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Adipocytes activate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and autophagy to promote tumor growth in colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2593. [PMID: 28151470 PMCID: PMC5386470 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased incidence and mortality of a wide variety of human cancers including colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which adipocytes regulate the metabolism of colon cancer cells remains elusive. In this study, we showed that adipocytes isolated from adipose tissues of colon cancer patients have an important role in modulating cellular metabolism to support tumor growth and survival. Abundant adipocytes were found in close association with invasive tumor cells in colon cancer patients. Co-culture of adipocytes with colon cancer cells led to a transfer of free fatty acids that released from the adipocytes to the cancer cells. Uptake of fatty acids allowed the cancer cells to survive nutrient deprivation conditions by upregulating mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Mechanistically, co-culture of adipocytes or treating cells with fatty acids induced autophagy in colon cancer cells as a result of AMPK activation. Inhibition of autophagy attenuated the ability of cancer cells to utilize fatty acids and blocked the growth-promoting effect of adipocytes. In addition, we found that adipocytes stimulated the expression of genes associated with cancer stem cells and downregulated genes associated with intestinal epithelial cell differentiation in primary colon cancer cells and mouse tumor organoids. Importantly, the presence of adipocytes promoted the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Taken together, our results show that adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment serve as an energy provider and a metabolic regulator to promote the growth and survival of colon cancer cells.
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Saetang J, Sangkhathat S. Diets link metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer development (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1312-1320. [PMID: 28098913 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets have been believed to be an important factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent years, many studies have shown an intimate relationship between mucosal immunity, metabolism and diets, which has led to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and CRC development. Although the precise effects of diets on oncogenesis have not been compl-etely elucidated, microbiota changes and inflammation are believed to be important factors that influence the development of CRC. Moreover, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alteration of adipokine levels have been observed in patients with colorectal adenoma and/or CRC, and these all have been considered as the important mechanisms that link diets to the development of metabolic syndrome and CRC. Importantly, a high-fat, low-fiber diet is associated with dysbiosis, and as the gut signature becomes more important in metabolic syndrome and CRC, an increased understanding of diets on bacterial activity in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and CRC will lead to new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Tumor Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ which is responsible for postprandial uptake of glucose and fatty acids, consequently producing a broad range of adipokines controlling several physiological functions like appetite, insulin sensitivity and secretion, immunity, coagulation, and vascular tone, among others. Many aspects of adipose tissue pathophysiology in metabolic diseases have been described in the last years. Recent data suggest two main factors for adipose tissue dysfunction: accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids and their secondary products and hypoxia. Both of these factors are thought to be on the basis of low-grade inflammatory activation, further increasing metabolic dysregulation in adipose tissue. In turn, inflammation is involved in the inhibition of substrate uptake, alteration of the secretory profile, stimulation of angiogenesis, and recruitment of further inflammatory cells, which creates an inflammatory feedback in the tissue and is responsible for long-term establishment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Wauman J, Zabeau L, Tavernier J. The Leptin Receptor Complex: Heavier Than Expected? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:30. [PMID: 28270795 PMCID: PMC5318964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, leptin and the leptin receptor (ObR) regulate the body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure. However, this adipocyte-derived hormone also directs peripheral processes, including immunity, reproduction, and bone metabolism. Leptin, therefore, can act as a metabolic switch connecting the body's nutritional status to high energy consuming processes. We provide an extensive overview of current structural insights on the leptin-ObR interface and ObR activation, coupling to signaling pathways and their negative regulation, and leptin functioning under normal and pathophysiological conditions (obesity, autoimmunity, cancer, … ). We also discuss possible cross-talk with other receptor systems on the receptor (extracellular) and signaling cascade (intracellular) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Wauman
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Zabeau
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jan Tavernier,
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Ortiz-Mendoza CM, Pérez-Chávez E, Fuente-Vera TADL. Modified metabolic syndrome and second cancers in women: A case control study. South Asian J Cancer 2016; 5:189-191. [PMID: 28032086 PMCID: PMC5184756 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.195341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: According to some studies, the metabolic syndrome causes diverse primary cancers; however, there is no evidence about metabolic syndrome impact on second cancers development in women. Aim: To find out the implication of the modified metabolic syndrome in women with second cancers. Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study, at a general hospital in Mexico City, in women with second cancers (cases) and age-matched women with only one neoplasm (controls). The analysis comprised: Tumor (s), anthropometric features, and body mass index (BMI); moreover, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. Results: The sample was of nine cases and 27 controls. In cases, the metabolic syndrome (diabetes mellitus or glucose > 99 mg/dL + hypertension or blood pressure ≥ 135/85 mm Hg + triglycerides > 149 mg/dL or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was more frequent (odds ratio 20.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–227.1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that in women, the modified metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for second cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Pérez-Chávez
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital General Tacuba, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
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Vargas T, Moreno-Rubio J, Herranz J, Cejas P, Molina S, Mendiola M, Burgos E, Custodio AB, De Miguel M, Martín-Hernández R, Reglero G, Feliu J, Ramírez de Molina A. 3'UTR Polymorphism in ACSL1 Gene Correlates with Expression Levels and Poor Clinical Outcome in Colon Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168423. [PMID: 27992526 PMCID: PMC5167383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that lipid metabolism (LM) has an essential role in tumor growth to support special energetic and structural requirements of tumor cells. Recently, overexpression of LM-related genes, apolipoproteins related to metabolic syndrome, and ACSL/SCD network involved in fatty acid activation have been proposed as prognostic markers of colon cancer (CC). Furthermore, activation of this latter lipid network has been recently demonstrated to confer invasive and stem cell properties to tumor cells promoting tumor aggressiveness and patient relapse. With the aim of elucidating whether any genetic variation within these genes could influence basal expression levels and consequent susceptibility to relapse, we genotype, in 284 CC patients, 57 polymorphisms located in the 7 genes of these lipid networks previously associated with worse clinical outcome of CC patients (ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1, APOA2, APOC1, APOC2 and SCD), some of them related to CC aggressiveness. After adjusting with clinical confounding factors and multiple comparisons, an association between genotype and disease-free survival (DFS) was shown for rs8086 in 3'-UTR of ACSL1 gene (HR 3.08; 95% CI 1.69-5.63; adjusted p = 0.046). Furthermore, the risk T/T genotype had significantly higher ACSL1 gene expression levels than patients carrying C/T or C/C genotype (means = 5.34; 3.73; 2.37 respectively; p-value (ANOVA) = 0.019), suggesting a functional role of this variant. Thus, we have identified a "risk genotype" of ACSL1 gene that confers constitutive high levels of the enzyme, which is involved in the activation of fatty acids through conversion to acyl-CoA and has been recently related to increased invasiveness of tumor cells. These results suggest that rs8086 of ACSL1 could be a promising prognostic marker in CC patients, reinforcing the relevance of LM in the progression of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Vargas
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno-Rubio
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Oncology Laboratory (POL), Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susana Molina
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Burgos
- Pathology Department, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Custodio
- Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - María De Miguel
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Reglero
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Abdelsatir AA, Husain NE, Hassan AT, Elmadhoun WM, Almobarak AO, Ahmed MH. Potential Benefit of Metformin as Treatment for Colon Cancer: the Evidence so Far. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8053-8. [PMID: 26745038 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is known as a hypoglycaemic agent that regulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting liver glucose production and increasing muscle glucose uptake. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with about a million new cases diagnosed each year. The risk factors for CRC include advanced age, smoking, black race, obesity, low fibre diet, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. We have searched Medline for the metabolic syndrome and its relation to CRC, and metformin as a potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Administration of metformin alone or in combination with chemotherapy has been shown to suppress CRC. The mechanism that explains how insulin resistance is associated with CRC is complex and not fully understood. In this review we have summarised studies which showed an association with the metabolic syndrome as well as studies which tackled metformin as a potential treatment of CRC. In addition, we have also provided a summary of how metformin at the cellular level can induce changes that suppress the activity of cancer cells.
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Abbastabar H, Roustazadeh A, Alizadeh A, Hamidifard P, Valipour M, Valipour AA. Relationships of colorectal cancer with dietary factors and public health indicators: an ecological study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3991-5. [PMID: 25987074 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Iranian women and fifth in men. The aims of this study were to investigate the relation of dietary factors and public health indicators to its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The required information (2001-2006) about risk factors was obtained from the Non- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (NCDSC) of Iran. Risk factor data (RFD) from 89,404 individuals (15-64 years old) were gathered by questionnaire and laboratory examinations through a cross sectional study in all provinces by systematic clustering sampling method. CRC incidence segregated by age and gender was obtained from Cancer Registry Ministry of Health (CRMH) of Iran. First, correlation coefficients were used for data analysis and then multiple regression analysis was performed to control for confounding factors. RESULTS Colorectal cancer incidence showed a positive relationship with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lacking or low physical activity, high education, high intake of dairy products, and non-consumption of vegetables and fruits. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that many dietary factors and public health indicators have positive relationships with CRC and might therefore be targets of preliminary prevention. However, since this is an ecological study limited by potential ecological fallacy the results must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedayat Abbastabar
- Department of Epidemiology, Schools of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran E-mail :
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Steenackers A, Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Baldini SF, Dehennaut V, Toillon RA, Le Bourhis X, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Lefebvre T. Silencing the Nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc Transferase Reduces Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of Cancer and Fetal Human Colon Cell Lines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:46. [PMID: 27252680 PMCID: PMC4879930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. This study and others show that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels are increased in cancer cell lines. In that context, we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. Herein, we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. SiOGT dramatically decreased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of migration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disorganize microfilament, microtubule, and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migratory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biological properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Steenackers
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Olivier-Van Stichelen
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steffi F. Baldini
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8161, M3T, Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, «Institut de Biologie de Lille», Pasteur Institute of Lille, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- U908, CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- U908, CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, INSERM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, FRABio FR 3688, University of Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Tony Lefebvre,
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Hang J, Cai B, Xue P, Wang L, Hu H, Zhou Y, Ren S, Wu J, Zhu M, Chen D, Yang H, Wang L. The Joint Effects of Lifestyle Factors and Comorbidities on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Large Chinese Retrospective Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143696. [PMID: 26710070 PMCID: PMC4692389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. In previous epidemiologic studies, the respective correlation between lifestyle factors and comorbidity and CRC has been extensively studied. However, little is known about their joint effects on CRC. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 1,144 diagnosed CRC patients and 60,549 community controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants about their socio-demographic factors, anthropometric measures, comorbidity history and lifestyle factors. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for each factor. According to the results from logistic regression model, we further developed healthy lifestyle index (HLI) and comorbidity history index (CHI) to investigate their independent and joint effects on CRC risk. Results Four lifestyle factors (including physical activities, sleep, red meat and vegetable consumption) and four types of comorbidity (including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of inflammatory bowel disease and polyps) were found to be independently associated with the risk of CRC in multivariant logistic regression model. Intriguingly, their combined pattern- HLI and CHI demonstrated significant correlation with CRC risk independently (ORHLI: 3.91, 95%CI: 3.13–4.88; ORCHI: 2.49, 95%CI: 2.11–2.93) and jointly (OR: 10.33, 95%CI: 6.59–16.18). Conclusions There are synergistic effects of lifestyle factors and comorbidity on the risk of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Binxin Cai
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Ren
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiying Zhu
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (LWW)
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (LWW)
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Lu Y, Ness-Jensen E, Hveem K, Martling A. Metabolic predispositions and increased risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma by anatomical location: a large population-based cohort study in Norway. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:883-93. [PMID: 26511906 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether different definitions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are differently associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CA) by anatomical location is unclear. A population-based cohort study, the Cohort of Norway (CONOR) Study, was conducted in Norway from 1995 to 2010. Anthropometric measurements, blood samples, and lifestyle data were collected at recruitment. CAs were identified through linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Register. A composite index of MetS as defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) or/and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and single components of MetS, including anthropometric factors, blood pressure, lipids, triglycerides, and glucose, were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Significant associations between single MetS components and CA, except for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nonfasting glucose levels, were observed. MetS defined by 2 criteria separately showed a similar association with CA in general, and MetS defined by both the IDF and ATP III showed consistent results. Stronger associations were observed in the proximal colon among men (IDF: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24, 1.84; ATP III: HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.70) and in the rectum among women (IDF: HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; ATP III: HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.90).
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Basyigit S, Uzman M, Kefeli A, Sapmaz FP, Yeniova AO, Nazligul Y, Asiltürk Z. Absence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the presence of insulin resistance is a strong predictor for colorectal carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18601-10. [PMID: 26770473 PMCID: PMC4694373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share common risk factors. Insulin resistance (IR) has an important role in both diseases. It has been speculated that the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms might be increased in patients with NAFLD. However, It is unclear whether NAFLD is an actual risk factor or any association is incidental coexistance due to the role of IR in both disease. We aimed to assess the risk for CRC in patients with NAFLD in relation to IR. METHOD This study was designed prospectively and cross-sectionally. We determined NAFLD by ultrasonography and measured IR by the homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance model. RESULTS The prevalences of CRC and adenoma were shown to be significantly higher in patients with IR (respectively; P: 0.005, P: 0.008). But prevalence of CRC was found to be significantly lower in subjects with NAFLD (P: 0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risks of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma were significantly associated with the presence of IR (respectively; OR: 2.338, 95% CI: 1.080-4.993, P: 0.003 and : 5.023, 95% CI: 1.789-9.789, P: 0.001). The risk for CRC was significantly associated with the absence of NAFLD (OR: 7.380, 95% CI: 3.069-7.961, P: 0.010). The absence of NAFLD in the presence of IR was associated with significantly high risk for CRC (OR: 5.218, 95% CI: 1.538-7.448, P: 0.017). CONCLUSION The risk of CRC can increased in subjects with IR but without NAFLD. The absence of NAFLD in the presence of IR may predict the CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Basyigit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kecioren Research and Training HospitalAnkara, Turkey
| | - Metin Uzman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kecioren Research and Training HospitalAnkara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kefeli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Siirt State HospitalSiirt, Turkey
| | | | - Abdullah Ozgür Yeniova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gaziosmanpasa Universtiy, Faculty of MedicineTokat, Turkey
| | - Yasar Nazligul
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kecioren Research and Training HospitalAnkara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Asiltürk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kecioren Research and Training HospitalAnkara, Turkey
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Genetic Variants in the Insulin-like Growth Factor Pathway and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14126. [PMID: 26381944 PMCID: PMC4585376 DOI: 10.1038/srep14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrelationships between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), hyperinsulinaemia, diabetes, and colorectal cancer (CRC) indicate involvement of IGFs in colorectal tumorigenesis. We investigated the CRC risk associated with 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes related to the IGF pathway and an IGF1 19-CA repeat polymorphism. Variants were selected from literature and genotyped in toenail DNA from 3,768 subcohort members and 2,580 CRC cases from the Netherlands Cohort Study, which has a case-cohort design (n = 120,852). We used the follow-up period 1986–2002. Eighteen SNPs were unequivocally associated with selected endpoints in the literature and unfavorable alleles were aggregated into a genetic sum score. Cox regression showed that a higher genetic sum score significantly increased CRC risk at all subsites, except the rectum, in men (highest vs. lowest tertile: HR for CRC = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.65; P-trend = 0.002). Single SNPs (except the IGF1 SNP rs5742694) were not associated with risk. Models including the total number of IGF1 19-CA repeats showed CRC risk was halved at all subsites in women carrying <38 repeats but not >38 repeats (≤36 versus 38 repeats: HR for CRC = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.58; P-trend < 0.001). These findings support a role for variants in IGF-related genes in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Chong DQ, Mehta RS, Song M, Kedrin D, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Wu K, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Chan AT. Prediagnostic Plasma Adiponectin and Survival among Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1138-45. [PMID: 26382604 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating adiponectin is inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. However, its influence on colorectal cancer survival is unclear. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between prediagnostic plasma levels of adiponectin and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. We identified 621 incident colorectal cancer cases who provided blood specimens prior to diagnosis within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). After a median follow-up of 9 years, there were 269 (43%) total deaths, of which 181 (67%) were due to colorectal cancer. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of adiponectin, those in the highest quartile had multivariate HRs of 1.89 (95% CI, 1.21-2.97; P(trend) = 0.01) for colorectal cancer-specific mortality and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.15-2.39; P(trend) = 0.009) for overall mortality. The apparent increased risk in colorectal cancer-specific mortality was more pronounced in patients with metastatic disease (HR, 3.02: 95% CI, 1.50-6.08). Among patients with colorectal cancer, prediagnostic plasma adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality and is more apparent in patients with metastatic disease. Adiponectin may be a marker for cancers which develop through specific pathways that may be associated with worsened prognosis. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Q Chong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raaj S Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kumar S, Kumar D, Raina K, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Functional modification of adipocytes by grape seed extract impairs their pro-tumorigenic signaling on colon cancer stem cells and the daughter cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10151-69. [PMID: 25294814 PMCID: PMC4259412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With global rise in obesity, it is imperative that we identify obesity-driven factors that increase growth and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), and also discover and develop agents with anti-CRC efficacy under obese conditions. Here in, we investigated grape seed extract (GSE), a well-defined agent with both preventive and anti-CRC efficacy, for its potential to impair pro-tumorigenic signaling of adipocytes on CRC/colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) and associated molecular mechanisms, to control CRC under obese conditions. GSE treatment significantly decreased the growth and invasion promoting effects of both mouse and human adipocytes on CRC cells. Moreover, GSE exerted a direct inhibitory effect, as well as it strongly reduced the growth promoting signals of adipocytes, on colon CSCs. These GSE effects were associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein levels of various CSC-associated molecules. Notably, GSE effects on adipocytes were not due to changes in lipid content, but by inducing the ‘browning’ of adipocytes as evidenced by an increase in UCP-1 mRNA level and mitochondriogenesis. Together, these findings, for the first time, suggest the ability of GSE to induce ‘brown remodeling’ of white adipocytes, which causes functional modification of adipocytes thus impairing their pro-tumorigenic signals on colon CSCs/CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Cho SH, Ko JJ, Kim JO, Jeon YJ, Yoo JK, Oh J, Oh D, Kim JW, Kim NK. 3'-UTR Polymorphisms in the MiRNA Machinery Genes DROSHA, DICER1, RAN, and XPO5 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131125. [PMID: 26147304 PMCID: PMC4492935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in cancer initiation and development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in miRNA machinery genes are associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and T allele carriers (CT + TT) genotypes had lower risk of CRC, while the DICER1 rs3742330, DROSHA rs10719, and XPO5 rs11077 polymorphisms were not associated with CRC in the full study sample. Specifically, male RAN rs14035 CT heterozygotes and XPO5 rs11077 AA genotype (CT/AA) carriers experienced reduced CRC susceptibility (both colon and rectal). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the combined RAN rs14035 CT + TT genotype was associated with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer. In addition, the DICER1 rs3742330 AG genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer. Stratified analysis revealed the RAN rs14035 combined CT+TT genotype was associated with decreased CRC risk in male patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) and in patients with rectal cancer. In addition, we found the RAN rs14035 CC genotype was related to a decreased risk of CRC with respect to tumor size and metabolism of homocysteine and folate. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with hypertension or DM who carried the DROSHA rs10719 CC genotype showed increased CRC risk, while the XPO5 rs11077 AC+CC genotype led to increased CRC risk in patients with hypertension only. Our results indicate variations in RAN rs14035, DICER1 rs3742330, XPO5 rs11077, and DROSHA rs10719 of Korean patients are significantly associated with their risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jisu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (NKK); (JWK)
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail: (NKK); (JWK)
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Simons CCJM, Schouten LJ, Godschalk R, van Engeland M, van den Brandt PA, van Schooten FJ, Weijenberg MP. Body size, physical activity, genetic variants in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and colorectal cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:971-81. [PMID: 26025909 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been associated with growth, body size, physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC). We hypothesized that variants in IGF-related genes increase the CRC susceptibility associated with a larger body size and a lack of physical activity. We assessed this in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Participants (n = 120852) completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and cancer. ~75% returned toenail clippings. Using a case-cohort approach and 16.3 years of follow-up, toenail DNA from 3768 subcohort members and 2580 CRC cases was genotyped. We aggregated unfavorable alleles (potentially increasing CRC risk) for 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 8 genes into a sum score. The sum score (in tertiles) and an IGF1 19-CA repeat polymorphism (19/19, 19/non-19 and non-19/non-19 repeats) in combination with body size (mostly in tertiles) and (non-)occupational physical activity (>12, 8-12 and <8 kJ/min in the job and >90, >60-90, >30-60 and ≤30 min/day) were analyzed by Cox regression. Increasingly higher hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC were observed for a larger adult body mass index, larger trouser size and tallness in the presence of more unfavorable alleles in men. HRs (95% confidence intervals) for joint effects were 1.55 (1.06-2.25), 1.78 (1.29-2.46) and 1.48 (1.01-2.17), respectively. In women, variant repeat alleles halved CRC risk irrespective of body size and physical activity. Almost no interactions tested significant. To conclude, a larger body size was a CRC risk factor in men in the presence of an accumulation of unfavorable alleles in IGF-related genes, but interactions were generally nonsignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and
| | - M van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Schooten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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