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Yook HJ, Lee GN, Lee JH, Han K, Park YM. Epidemiologic relationship between alcohol flushing and smoking in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15710. [PMID: 38977782 PMCID: PMC11231332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although facial flushing after drinking alcohol (alcohol flushing response) is common in Asian populations, the epidemiological features in a large sample have been investigated in only a few studies. This study assessed the epidemiologic characteristics and associated factors for alcohol flushing in a Korean population. This study was based on data collected during the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 5572 Korean adults was included in the general population group, and the alcohol flushing group consisted of 2257 participants. Smoking and physical activity were evaluated as possible associated factors for alcohol flushing. The overall prevalence of alcohol flushing was estimated at 40.56% of the general population (43.74% in males and 37.4% in females), and the prevalence was highest at 60-69 years of age and lowest in individuals older than 80 years. Occasional, frequent, and persistent alcohol flushing was reported by 11.9%, 3.7% and 15.0% of current flushers, among whom persistent flushers consumed the least amount of alcohol. Subjects who currently smoke had a higher propensity of alcohol flushing (adjusted OR 1.525, 95% CI 1.2-1.938), and subjects with smoking history of 20-29 pack-years (PYs) showed the highest association (adjusted OR 1.725, 95% CI 1.266-2.349) with alcohol flushing after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, significant association was not found between physical activity and alcohol flushing. The results demonstrated that current smoking status is shown to be significantly associated with alcohol flushing, and that current smokers with a history of smoking ≥ 20 PYs had a higher likelihood of alcohol flushing than non-smokers or ex-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Yook
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Gyu-Na Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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2
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Chang Z, Lu J, Zhang Q, Wu H, Liang Z, Pan X, Li B, Cheng ZJ, Sun B. Clinical biomarker profiles reveals gender differences and mortality factors in sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413729. [PMID: 38835774 PMCID: PMC11148215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, affecting millions each year. Notwithstanding the decline in sepsis incidence and mortality over decades, gender disparities in sepsis outcomes persist, with research suggesting higher mortality rates in males. Methods This retrospective study aims to delineate gender-specific clinical biomarker profiles impacting sepsis progression and mortality by examining sepsis cases and related clinical data from the past three years. Propensity score matching was used to select age-matched healthy controls for comparison. Results Among 265 sepsis patients, a significantly higher proportion were male (60.8%, P<0.001). While mortality did not significantly differ by gender, deceased patients were significantly older (mean 69 vs 43 years, P=0.003), more likely to have hypertension (54% vs 25%, P=0.019), and had higher SOFA scores (mean ~10 vs 4, P<0.01) compared to survivors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed clear separation between sepsis patients and healthy controls. 48 serum biomarkers were significantly altered in sepsis, with Triiodothyronine, Apolipoprotein A, and Serum cystatin C having the highest diagnostic value by ROC analysis. Gender-stratified comparisons identified male-specific (e.g. AFP, HDLC) and female-specific (e.g. Rheumatoid factor, Interleukin-6) diagnostic biomarkers. Deceased patients significantly differed from survivors, with 22 differentially expressed markers; Antithrombin, Prealbumin, HDL cholesterol, Urea nitrogen and Hydroxybutyrate had the highest diagnostic efficiency for mortality. Conclusion These findings enhance our understanding of gender disparities in sepsis and may guide future therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to validate these biomarker profiles and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these gender differences in sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiancai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haojie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiman Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaocong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Blood Transfusion, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangkai J Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Gelu-Simeon M, Lafrance MJ, Michineau L, Saillard E, Thomé JP, Emond C, Samson M, Multigner L. Inverse association between plasma chlordecone concentrations and progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis: the role of liver metabolism. Environ Health 2024; 23:30. [PMID: 38504260 PMCID: PMC10953091 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorinated insecticide, extensively used in the French West Indies and has been contaminating the population for more than thirty years. Its potentiation effect on hepatotoxic agents has been demonstrated in animal models. We investigated the relationship between environmental exposure to chlordecone and the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS This study included 182 consecutive patients with chronic alcoholic hepatitis whose liver fibrosis was assessed using non-invasive methods. Measured plasma chlordecone concentrations at inclusion were used as surrogate of long-term exposure under steady-state conditions. As the pharmacokinetic processing of chlordecone is largely determined by the liver, we used a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict plausible changes in the steady-state blood chlordecone concentrations induced by liver fibrosis. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 27.1 years after the onset of alcohol consumption, we found a significant decrease in the risk of advanced liver fibrosis with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.34-0.95 for the highest vs. lowest tertile, p = 0.04). Changes induced by liver fibrosis influenced the pharmacokinetic processing of chlordecone, resulting in substantial modifications in its steady-state blood concentrations. CONCLUSION According to this human model of coexposure to alcohol, reverse causality is the most plausible explanation of this inverse association between plasma chlordecone concentrations and progression of liver fibrosis. This study underlines the importance of considering the pharmacokinetic of environmental contaminants in epidemiological studies when biomarkers of exposure are used to investigate their own impact on the liver. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03373396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moana Gelu-Simeon
- CHU de la Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Route de Chauvel, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, 97159, France.
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Marie-Josée Lafrance
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Leah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Eric Saillard
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean Pierre Thomé
- Université de Liège, LEAE -CART, Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), B6C, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc, Crabtree, QC, Canada
- École de Santé Publique, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail (DSEST), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Samson
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, F-35000, France.
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes, F-35000, France
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Shadi Y, Heshmati B, Poorolajal J. Interaction between hepatitis B, hepatitis C and smoking in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:51-60. [PMID: 37934962 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis reports the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking and their combined impact on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to 15 July 2023. Observational studies investigating the association between HBV, HCV and smoking in the development of HCC were included. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the I2 statistics. The effect sizes were estimated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. RESULTS Out of 20 794 studies identified in the initial search, 32 observational studies involving 22 282 participants met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed that the combined impact of HBV and smoking was associated with an OR of 19.81 (95% CI: 14.77, 26.58), HCV and smoking was associated with an OR of 24.86 (95% CI: 12.41, 49.79), and coinfection of HBV and HCV was associated with an OR of 32.58 (95% CI: 20.57, 51.60). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a significant interaction between HBV, HCV and smoking in the development of HCC and highlight the importance of addressing smoking cessation and viral hepatitis prevention and treatment as potential strategies for reducing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Shadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Bahram Heshmati
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838695, Iran
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Kathuria NS, Patel SK, Kaur M, Garg R, Sidhu A, Sharma P. A Study to Assess Biochemical Profile of Tobacco Chewers with Chewing Habit Over a Period of 10 Years. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S942-S944. [PMID: 38595532 PMCID: PMC11000947 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_414_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the systemic adverse effects of smokeless tobacco (SLT) on hematological as well as other biochemical parameters and find out if any correlation between them which may be worthy of creating awareness among the masses against its usage. The current observational study was carried out among 250 tobacco chewers, and complete hemogram, LFT profile, and electrolyte profile were studied. The mean values of hemoglobin (Hb) gram % was 12.74 ± 1.6, total leucocyte count (TLC/cu mm) is 6608.33 ± 1752.083, and platelet count lakh cell/cu mm is 2.55 ±0.806. The mean values of Na+ mmol/1 of the S. electrolyte profile was 132 ± 18.05 and K+ mmol/1 was 3.89 ± 0.538. The study deliberates imperative perception into smokeless tobacco-mediated effects on body systemic functions and reports a crucial part into SLT-mediated effects on biochemical profile and metabolism which can be revealed in promoting tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh Kathuria
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College and Research Centre, Jan Seva Hospital, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Patel
- Department of General Medicine, Nandkumar Singh Chouhan, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Khandwa, MP, India
| | - Manjinder Kaur
- Department of General Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Rohin Garg
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rajkot, Gujrat, India
| | - Aryan Sidhu
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. The protective effects of curcumin against cigarette smoke-induced toxicity: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:98-116. [PMID: 37813398 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is a crucial modifiable risk of developing several human diseases and cancers. It causes lung, bladder, breast, and esophageal cancers, respiratory disorders, as well as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Because of these adverse health effects, continual efforts to decrease the prevalence and toxicity of CS are imperative. Until the past decades, the impacts of natural compounds have been under investigation on the harmful effects of CS. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, is the main source of curcumin. This review is an attempt to find out the current knowledge on CS's harmful effects and protective potential of curcumin in the pulmonary, liver, brain, gastrointestinal, and testis organs. According to the present review, simultaneous consumption of curcumin and CS can attenuate CS toxicities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal toxicity, metabolic diseases, testis injury, and neurotoxicity. Moreover, curcumin suppresses carcinogenesis in the skin, liver, lungs, breast, colon, and stomach. Curcumin mediates these protective effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-carcinogenicity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Liu Y, Lu L, Yang H, Wu X, Luo X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Cho CH, Li Q, Li X, Li W, Wang F, Sun Y, Gu L, Chen M, Li M. Dysregulation of immunity by cigarette smoking promotes inflammation and cancer: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122730. [PMID: 37838314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a serious global health issue. Cigarette smoking contains over 7000 different chemicals. The main harmful components include nicotine, acrolein, aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which play the key role for cigarette-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. Growing evidences show that cigarette smoking and its components exert a remarkable impact on regulation of immunity and dysregulated immunity promotes inflammation and cancer. Therefore, this comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including cigarette smoking, inflammation, cancer and immune system. The known harmful chemicals from cigarette smoking were summarized. Importantly, we discussed in depth the impact of cigarette smoking on the formation of inflammatory or tumor microenvironment, primarily by affecting immune effector cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the main molecular mechanisms by which cigarette smoking induces inflammation and cancer, including changes in epigenetics, DNA damage and others were further summarized. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of cigarette smoking on inducing inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Lampimukhi M, Qassim T, Venu R, Pakhala N, Mylavarapu S, Perera T, Sathar BS, Nair A. A Review of Incidence and Related Risk Factors in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e49429. [PMID: 38149129 PMCID: PMC10750138 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy, ranking as the seventh most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of deaths due to cancer. This review examines the incidence of HCC, its associated risk factors, and constantly changing global trends. Incidence has been noted to be varying worldwide, particularly due to environmental and infectious risk factors. Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections, alcohol abuse, aflatoxin exposure, diabetes, obesity, and tobacco consumption are some of the leading risk factors noted. Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa were noted to have the highest disease burden for HCC, with China representing a considerably large majority. On the contrary, the United States reports a lower HCC incidence overall due to improved vaccination programs against HBV; however, with a rising incidence of prominent risk factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the trend may very well change. Gender disparities were noted to be evident with men experiencing higher rates of HCC compared to women, which may be due to various environmental and biological factors, including alcohol intake, smoking, and androgen hormone levels. Currently, efforts to reduce the overall incidence of HCC include universal HBV vaccinations, antiviral therapies, aflatoxin prevention measures, genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis, and early ultrasound evaluation in patients with liver cirrhosis. Understanding these evolving trends and risk factors is essential in combating the rising HCC incidence, especially in Western countries, where risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, are on the rise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabarak Qassim
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, BHR
| | - Rakshaya Venu
- College of Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, IND
| | - Nivedita Pakhala
- College of Medicine, Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, Tirupati, IND
| | - Suchita Mylavarapu
- College of Medicine, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Tharindu Perera
- General Medicine, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, BLR
| | - Beeran S Sathar
- College of Medicine, Jagadguru Jayadeva Murugarajendra Medical College, Davanagere, IND
| | - Arun Nair
- Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, Somerset, USA
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9
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Balogun O, Wang JY, Shaikh ES, Liu K, Stoyanova S, Memel ZN, Schultz H, Mun L, Bertman J, Rogen CA, Ibrahim MK, Berschback M, Uche-Anya E, Wilechansky R, Simon TG, Corey KE. Effect of combined tobacco use and type 2 diabetes mellitus on prevalent fibrosis in patients with MASLD. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0300. [PMID: 37889558 PMCID: PMC10615418 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the independent effect of cigarette smoking or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on MASLD. However, the interaction effect between tobacco consumption and T2DM on MASLD severity remains underexplored. In this study, we assessed the combined effect of tobacco use and T2DM on hepatic fibrosis in MASLD. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cross-sectional analysis of eligible participants from the Mass General Brigham Fibroscan© database. The participants were divided into 3 groups: those with T2DM and a history of tobacco use (primary exposure group), those with T2DM but no history of tobacco use (secondary exposure group), and those without T2DM and no history of tobacco use (reference group). An additional model was developed, which included a fourth group, participants with a history of tobacco use but no T2DM. The likelihood of fibrosis was determined using a defined fibrosis-4 index cutoff value of 1.3. In addition, we computed the estimated marginal means for liver stiffness measurement and compared the values among the exposure groups. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between the exposure groups and the risk for hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS Overall, 598 individuals were enrolled in the study. The bivariable logistic regression model revealed a significant independent association between T2DM, combined smoking and T2DM, and the outcome of interest, fibrosis. Age, sex, metabolic syndrome, aspirin use, statin use, hemoglobin A1C (A1C), and total bilirubin level were also significantly associated with fibrosis. In the adjusted fibrosis-4 multivariable model (comparing exposure groups to controls), cigarette smoking and T2DM interaction had higher odds of prevalent fibrosis (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.62-5.76), compared to those with T2DM alone (aOR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.37-3.85). The continuous liver stiffness measurement comparison across the exposure group showed an estimated marginal means of 6.26 (95% CL: 5.58-6.94), 7.54 (95% CL: 6.78-8.30), and 7.88 (6.78-8.99) for the reference group, T2DM only group, and tobacco-T2DM group, respectively. The diabetes-only group and the combined tobacco-T2DM group had statistically significant associations with liver stiffness measurement (p values: 0.013 and 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION Although diabetes is independently associated with hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD, the combination of tobacco consumption and diabetes is associated with a higher prevalence of fibrosis. Therefore, lifestyle change through tobacco use cessation in patients with diabetes could be beneficial in reducing the incidence of liver fibrosis among individuals with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Y. Wang
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., 2001
| | - Emad S. Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karine Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefania Stoyanova
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoe N. Memel
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hayley Schultz
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Mun
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Jack Bertman
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Rogen
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maryam K. Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeline Berschback
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eugenia Uche-Anya
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Wilechansky
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
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10
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León-Ortiz P, Rivera-Chávez LF, Torres-Ruíz J, Reyes-Madrigal F, Carrillo-Vázquez D, Moncada-Habib T, Cassiano-Quezada F, Cadenhead KS, Gómez-Martín D, de la Fuente-Sandoval C. Systemic inflammation and cortical neurochemistry in never-medicated first episode-psychosis individuals. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:270-276. [PMID: 37149107 PMCID: PMC10330452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of cellular and cytokine profiles have contributed to the inflammation hypothesis of schizophrenia; however, precise markers of inflammatory dysfunction remain elusive. A number of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have shown higher brain levels of metabolites such as glutamate, myo-inositol (mI) and choline-containing compounds (tCho), suggesting neuroinflammation. Here, we present peripheral inflammatory profiles in antipsychotic-naive FEP patients and age-and-sex matched healthy controls, as well as cortical glutamate, mI and tCho levels using 1H-MRS. Inflammatory profiles were analyzed using cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that were either spontaneous or stimulated, in 48 FEP patients and 23 controls. 1H-MRS of the medial prefrontal cortex was obtained in 29 FEP patients and 18 controls. Finally, 16 FEP patients were rescanned after 4 weeks of treatment (open-label) with Risperidone. FEP patients showed a higher proportion of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 subset, and an increased spontaneous production of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2 and IL-4 compared with the control group. Results obtained from 1H-MRS showed no significant difference in either glutamate, mI or tCho between FEP and control groups. At baseline, CD8% showed a negative correlation with glutamate in FEP patients; after 4 weeks of risperidone treatment, the FEP group exhibited a decrease in glutamate levels which positively correlated with CD4 + T cells. Nevertheless, these correlations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. FEP patients show evidence of immune dysregulation, affecting both the innate and adaptive immune response, with a predominantly Th2 signature. These findings, along with the changes produced by antipsychotic treatment, could be associated with both systemic and central inflammatory processes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo León-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico; Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis F Rivera-Chávez
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jiram Torres-Ruíz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Carrillo-Vázquez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tomás Moncada-Habib
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Cassiano-Quezada
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Yoo JJ, Park MY, Cho EJ, Yu SJ, Kim SG, Kim YJ, Kim YS, Yoon JH. Smoking Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093336. [PMID: 37176776 PMCID: PMC10179445 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of smoking with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported, but the study of its relationship with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on the incidence of HCC or CVD in MAFLD patients. Using the Korean nationwide health screening database, we analyzed subjects between 2001 and 2015. A total of 283,088 subjects including 110,863 MAFLD patients and 172,225 controls were analyzed. Smoking status was divided by non-smoker, ex-smoker, or current smoker. In the follow-up period, a total of 2903 (1.0%) subjects developed HCC, and the MAFLD group (1723, 1.6%) had a significantly higher incidence than the control group (1180, 0.7%). In the MAFLD group, current smokers showed significantly higher risk of HCC compared to non-smokers (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.41), whereas the control group did not (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89-1.30). A total of 18,984 (6.7%) patients developed CVD, and the incidence was significantly higher in the MAFLD group (8688, 7.8%) than in the control group (10,296, 6.0%), similar to HCC. The risk of CVD in current smokers increased by 22% compared to non-smokers in the MAFLD group (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.30) and by 21% (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13-1.29) in the control group. Based on sex stratification, men showed increased incidence of both HCC and CVD by smoking, whereas women had only increased risk of CVD. Smoking significantly increases the incidence of HCC and CVD in MAFLD patients; thus, it is highly recommended to quit smoking completely in the population with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Young Park
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyune Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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12
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Li W, Jiang X, Qian H, Li X, Su J, Zhang G, Li X. Associations of arsenic exposure with liver injury in US adults: NHANES 2003-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48260-48269. [PMID: 36754906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a natural element with complex toxicity. Long-term exposure to arsenic can cause a variety of health damage. In recent years, there are some studies on arsenic exposure and liver injury. But few of them tried to measure the quantitative relationship between arsenic exposure and indicators of liver injury in adult. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between them. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2018. Arsenic exposure was assessed using total urinary arsenic and dimethylarsenate acid (DMA). We selected alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein (TP), ALT/AST, total bilirubin (TBIL), and albumin (ALB) as markers of liver injury. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between urinary arsenic concentrations and these markers of liver function injury. In addition, six covariables (age, sex, smoker, alcohol user, BMI, diabetes) were further analyzed in subgroups. A total of 13,420 adults were included in the analysis. The multivariate linear regression analyses showed that urinary DMA was positively correlated with ALT (β 0.135, 95%CI 0.090, 0.180, p < 0.001), AST (β 0.053, 95%CI 0.014, 0.092, p < 0.01), ALT/AST (β 0.052, 95%CI 0.030, 0.074, p < 0.001), TBIL (β 0.061, 95%CI 0.034, 0.089, p < 0.001), and GGT (β 0.178, 95%CI 0.110, 0.246, p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for total urinary arsenic, suggesting a positive association with AST (β 0.048, 95%CI 0.016, 0.081, p < 0.01), ALT (β 0.090, 95%CI 0.049, 0.132, p < 0.001), and TBIL (β 0.062, 95%CI 0.037, 0.088, p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, sex and smoker showed significant differences between subgroups. Our results demonstrate a positive association between urinary arsenic exposure and liver injury in adults. Sex and smokers may be related to arsenic pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xingzhou Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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13
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Risk Factors of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Iranian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon-131523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is progressing considerably worldwide. Identifying the risk factors of NAFLD is a critical step in preventing its progression. Methods: In November 2022, two independent researchers studied seven databases, including PubMed, ISI/WoS, ProQuest, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar, and reference list of relevant articles, searching studies that assessed NAFLD risk factors in the Iranian adult population. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran’s test and its composition using I2 statistics. A random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied. Egger’s regression test and Trim-and-Fill analysis were used to assess publication bias. Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (version 3) was used for the analyses of the present study. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between NAFLD with age [n = 15, odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.79 - 2.51], body mass index (n = 46, OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 3.34 - 7.49), waist circumference (n = 20, OR = 6.37, 95% CI: 3.25 - 12.48), waist-to-hip ratio (n = 17, OR = 4.72, 95% CI: 3.93 - 5.66), total cholesterol (n = 39, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52 - 2.13), high-density lipoprotein (n = 37, OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.65), low-density lipoprotein (n = 31, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38 - 2.05), triglyceride (n = 31, OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.67 - 3.87), alanine aminotransferase (n = 26, OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.94 - 5.62), aspartate aminotransferase (n = 27, OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.50 - 3.12), hypertension (n = 13, OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.32 - 2.77), systolic blood pressure (n = 13, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.18), diastolic blood pressure (n = 14, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.48 - 2.20), fasting blood sugar (n = 31,OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.11- 4.01), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (n = 5, OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.48 - 2.59), diabetes mellitus (n = 15, OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.46 - 3.75), metabolic syndrome (n = 10, OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.79 - 4.55), and physical activity (n = 11, OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24 - 0.43) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, several factors are significantly associated with NAFLD. However, anthropometric indices had the strongest relationship with NAFLD in the Iranian adult population.
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14
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Reis R, Kolci K, Bahcivan İ, Coskun GP, Sipahi H. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Modulates the Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses Induced by Traditional and Novel Tobacco Products in Human Liver Epithelial Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200928. [PMID: 36650104 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Smoking has been associated with NAFLD recently, thus might be a contributing factor for liver disease progression. In this study, we identified the modulative action of α-lipoic acid (α-LA), an organosulphur compound, towards heated tobacco product (HTP) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human liver HepG2 cells. The cells were pre-treated with α-LA and exposed to tobacco extracts, and cytotoxicity, oxidative response (SOD, CAT activities and GSH, MDA levels), inflammation (nitrite, IL-6, AhR levels), and liver function (AST/ALT) were assessed. According to the results, a notable increase in oxidative response was observed with CSE, whereas GSH depletion and decreased SOD activity were the key toxicological events induced by HTP (p<0.05). The oxidative and inflammatory responses were ameliorated with α-LA treatment, particularly through GSH restoration and IL-6 modulation. To conclude, these findings on α-LA might contribute to the design of novel adjuvant therapies for people exposed to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengin Reis
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kolci
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Bahcivan
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goknil Pelin Coskun
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Han M, Jeong S, Song J, Park SJ, Min Lee C, Lee K, Park SM. Association between the dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and NAFLD status in Korean men. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:31. [PMID: 36844383 PMCID: PMC9951190 DOI: 10.18332/tid/159167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the association between smoking types, including dual use (usage of both combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status in Korean men. METHODS Data from the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2020 were used. The presence of NAFLD was defined by the respective cut-off values for the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), NAFLD Ridge Score (NRS), and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NAFLD score (KNS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between smoking types and NAFLD as determined by HSI, NRS, and KNS. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, an independent association was observed between dual use and NAFLD (HSI: AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.08-1.99, p=0.014; NRS: AOR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.70-2.86, p=0.000; KNS: AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.81, p=0.045). Cigarette only smokers also had significantly higher odds of NAFLD compared to never smokers for all of the NAFLD indices (HSI: AOR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.42, p=0.008; NRS: AOR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.87-2.42, p=0.000; KNS: AOR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.14-1.55, p=0.000). In subgroup analyses, no significant interaction effects were found for age, BMI, alcohol consumption, income, physical activity, and the diagnosis of T2DM. Moreover, cigarette only smokers and dual users differed significantly in terms of log-transformed urine cotinine and pack-years. The relationship between smoking type and pack-years was attenuated after stratification by age. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes is associated with NAFLD. Age differences may explain why dual users, with a greater proportion of young people, appear to have fewer pack-years than cigarette only smokers. Further research should be conducted to investigate the adverse effects of dual use on hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiheon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo MN, Eom SY, Lim JA, Lee JE, Choi BS, Kwon HJ, Hong YS, Kim H, Park JD. Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure on the Liver in Korean Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:237-247. [PMID: 36658405 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with an exceptionally long biological half-life. The liver is a major organ for Cd metabolism, but the toxicity of Cd is unclear. This study sought to determine whether blood Cd (BCd) level (representing recent exposure [months] to Cd) was associated with liver function in Korean adults, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The baseline cross-sectional study involved 2,086 adults (male: 908, female: 1,178) in 2010 - 2011, and 503 of them (male: 207, female: 296) were followed up in 2014 - 2015. BCd was measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and liver function indices (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and γ-glutamyltransferase [GGT]) were determined. Liver damage was defined as an abnormal elevation of more than one liver function index. The geometric mean of BCd (1.07 μg/L) was higher in females than in males (1.16 vs. 0.96 μg/L). Liver function indices increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner according to the BCd levels, except for ALT in males, and were higher in males than in females. BCd level was also associated with the risk of liver damage in both sexes. No significant changes in BCd were observed between baseline and follow-up. The liver function indices in 2014 - 2015 were comparable to those in 2010 - 2011 in males, while ALT and GGT were significantly increased in 2014 - 2015 compared to 2010 - 2011 in females with relatively high BCd. These findings suggest that even a low level of environmental Cd exposure, short- and long-term, may affect liver function, and females appear more susceptible than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-Si, 28644, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Lim
- Graduate School of Public Administration and Law, Dankook University, Yongin-Si, 16890, Korea
| | - Jung-Eum Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-Si, 31116, Korea
| | | | - Heon Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-Si, 28644, Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
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Effah F, Taiwo B, Baines D, Bailey A, Marczylo T. Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:343-371. [PMID: 36154615 PMCID: PMC9590402 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are purported to be tobacco harm-reduction products whose degree of harm has been highly debated. EC use is considered less hazardous than smoking but is not expected to be harmless. Following the banning of e-liquid flavors in countries such as the US, Finland, Ukraine, and Hungary, there are growing concerns regarding the safety profile of e-liquid flavors used in ECs. While these are employed extensively in the food industry and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when ingested, GRAS status after inhalation is unclear. The aim of this review was to assess evidence from 38 reports on the adverse effects of flavored e-liquids on the respiratory system in both in vitro and in vivo studies published between 2006 and 2021. Data collected demonstrated greater detrimental effects in vitro with cinnamon (9 articles), strawberry (5 articles), and menthol (10 articles), flavors than other flavors. The most reported effects among these investigations were perturbations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and enhanced cytotoxicity. There is sufficient evidence to support the toxicological impacts of diacetyl- and cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids following human inhalation; however, safety profiles on other flavors are elusive. The latter may result from inconsistencies between experimental approaches and uncertainties due to the contributions from other e-liquid constituents. Further, the relevance of the concentration ranges to human exposure levels is uncertain. Evidence indicates that an adequately controlled and consistent, systematic toxicological investigation of a broad spectrum of e-liquid flavors may be required at biologically relevant concentrations to better inform public health authorities on the risk assessment following exposure to EC flavor ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Effah
- Pharmacology Section, St George’s University of London, London, UK
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Didcot, UK
| | - Benjamin Taiwo
- Physiology Section, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Baines
- Infection and Immunity Institute, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Tim Marczylo
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Didcot, UK
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18
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Martini K. [Tobacco-associated cancer : More than just lung cancer]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 62:758-762. [PMID: 35362727 PMCID: PMC9433355 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of cancer and cancer deaths. Tobacco use is not only related to lung cancer, but has an impact on a wide range of different cancer entities in almost every organ system. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review article is to shed light on the different organ systems involved in tobacco-associated carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, first a brief introduction into the topic is given, followed by a detailed description of the different tumor entities associated with tobacco use. RESULTS Tobacco consumption has been clearly implicated in the causation of many types of cancer, affecting multiple organ systems. Based on current evidence, tobacco use can cause cancer of the mouth and throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, kidney, pancreas, liver, bladder, cervix, colon and rectum, and acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION Tobacco use is not only main cause in the development of lung cancer, but has a major impact in the development of cancer in other organ systems. Therefore, special attention must be given to possible concomitant malignancies when evaluating images of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Martini
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an uncommon but underdiagnosed cause of cirrhosis and lacks medical treatment options. It is important to recognize risk factors that contribute to disease progression and liver transplantation. We aimed to assess if age, sex, or smoking status was associated with liver or lung disease progression. METHODS Forty-three patients with ZZ-AATD cirrhosis were consecutively sampled from an Institutional Review Board-approved registry of 240 patients with AATD of any genotype seen as outpatients in the Cleveland Clinic between 1999 and 2019. To determine the association between risk factors and lung or liver disease progression, linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects for linear time, risk factor, and time-by-risk factor interaction, and the random intercepts for intra-patient correlation were used. RESULTS Based on the mixed-effects model analysis, there was a significant association between liver disease progression and smoking history, and no association with age or sex. There was no association between lung disease progression and age, sex, or smoking history. However, smoking history was significantly associated with lower forced expiratory volume values. CONCLUSION This study found that in a cohort of patients with PI*ZZ genotype AATD (ZZ-AATD) and cirrhosis, smoking history was associated with liver disease progression, whereas age and sex were not.
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20
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Hamed KA, El-Fiky SA, Gawish AM, Khalil WKB, Mohamed HRH. Alleviation of nicotine-induced reproductive disorder, clastogenicity, and histopathological alterations by fenugreek saponin bulk and nanoparticles in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:47488-47501. [PMID: 35182342 PMCID: PMC9232449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the most abundant ingredient in cigarette smoking and has serious side effects on the lung, heart, reproductive system, and many other human organs. Saponins extracted from many plants exhibit multiple biological actions such as anti-cancer effects. Therefore, the possible protective effect of fenugreek saponin (FS) and nanofenugreek saponin (NFS) against nicotine-induced toxicity in male rats was investigated in this study. Animals were divided into a control group and the nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day), FS (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day), or/and NFS (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day) administered groups. Micronucleus assay, histopathological, and sperm abnormality examinations as well as measurement of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression were conducted. Our findings revealed that nicotine treatment induced significant increases in the incidence of micronucleus, sperm abnormalities, and expression levels of AChE in addition to inducing histopathological changes in rat testis. On the other hand, administration of FS or NFS with nicotine significantly decreased the incidence of micronuclei and the percentage of sperm abnormalities as well as the expression levels of AChE gene. Moreover, nicotine-induced histological alterations were reduced by given FS or NFS with nicotine. In conclusion, nicotine-induced sperm abnormalities, chromosomal damage, and histological injuries were mitigated by administration of FS or NFS with nicotine, and thus, FS and NFS could be used as ameliorating agents against nicotine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima A Hamed
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous StDokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia A El-Fiky
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous StDokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza M Gawish
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous StDokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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21
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He Y, Patel CJ. Shared exposure liability of type 2 diabetes and other chronic conditions in the UK Biobank. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:851-860. [PMID: 35348899 PMCID: PMC9085680 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the cumulative exposure risks of incident T2D are shared with other common chronic diseases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We first establish and report the cross-sectional prevalence, cross-sectional co-prevalence, and incidence of seven T2D-associated chronic diseases [hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney and liver diseases] in the UK Biobank. We use published weights of genetic variants and exposure variables to derive the T2D polygenic (PGS) and polyexposure (PXS) risk scores and test their associations to incident diseases. RESULTS PXS was associated with higher levels of clinical risk factors including BMI, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and HbA1c in individuals without overt or diagnosed T2D. In addition to predicting incident T2D, PXS and PGS were significantly and positively associated with the incidence of all 7 other chronic diseases. There were 4% and 8% of individuals in the bottom deciles of PXS and PGS, respectively, who were prediabetic at baseline but had low risks of T2D and other chronic diseases. Compared to the remaining population, individuals in the top deciles of PGS and PXS had particularly high risks of developing chronic diseases. For instance, the hazard ratio of COPD and obesity for individuals in the top T2D PXS deciles was 2.82 (95% CI 2.39-3.35, P = 4.00 × 10-33) and 2.54 (95% CI 2.24-2.87, P = 9.86 × 10-50), respectively, compared to the remaining population. We also found that PXS and PGS were both significantly (P < 0.0001) and positively associated with the total number of incident diseases. CONCLUSIONS T2D shares polyexposure risks with other common chronic diseases. Individuals with an elevated genetic and non-genetic risk of T2D also have high risks of cardiovascular, liver, lung, and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan He
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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The Antioxidant Properties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Its Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pathological Effects on Nicotine-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2691577. [PMID: 35378828 PMCID: PMC8976666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2691577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicago sativa Linn or alfalfa is a tonic plant rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals that is used to treat many diseases due to its pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alfalfa methanolic extract (AME) on the prevention of liver damage caused by nicotine. The total phenols, flavonoids levels, and the free radical scavenging activity of its extract (IC50) were measured. In this study, 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as control (untreated), N (nicotine only), T1, T2, and T3 (nicotine + AME 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively). AME (orally) and nicotine (intraperitoneal injection, 0.5 mg/kg/day) were then administered for 21 days. Weight gain, the liver-to-body weight ratio, liver functional enzymes, and the lipid profile were measured. Moreover, we evaluated oxidative stress, proinflammatory parameters, and histopathological changes in the liver. Total phenols, flavonoids, and IC50 were determined as
mg GAE/g,
mg QE/g, and
μg/ml, respectively. Nicotine changed the measured parameters to abnormal. AME increased weight gain, the liver-to-body weight ratio, and enzymatic antioxidant levels and decreased malondialdehyde, liver functional enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The lipid profile and histopathological changes have also been improved by AME in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that AME in a dose-dependent manner by improving the inflammation and oxidative damage could improve the liver damage caused by nicotine.
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23
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Abd El-Wahab EW, Abd Elgawad WM, Said M, Mikheal AI, Shatat HZ. Liver Disease Outcomes after Sustained Virological Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Generic Direct-Acting Antivirals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd210918. [PMID: 35226870 PMCID: PMC9128674 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of generic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in Egypt is associated with a superior cure rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the course of progressive liver damage and developing liver related complications in patients with sustained virologic response (SVR) remain unclear. This study was designed to examine the long-term outcomes of generic DAA-induced virological cure in a real-life cohort of HCV patients with or without comorbid schistosomiasis. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 506 recently cured HCV patients (437 Child-Pugh class A [Child-A] and 69 Child-Pugh class B [Child-B]). All patients were clinically evaluated at different time points during a 2-year follow-up (November 2018 to February 2021). Over the course of treatment and follow-up, 77 (15.2%) patients (42 [9.6%] Child-A and 35 [50.7%] Child-B) experienced complications at different time points. The overall mortality rate was approximately 1/1,000 person-years. The incidence of hepatic insufficiency was approximately 5.5/1,000 person-years, and that of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was approximately 8.3/1,000 person-years. A sustained improvement in liver indices up to 2 years of follow-up was observed. In the Cox regression model, pretreatment decompensated cirrhosis predicted the occurrence of adverse liver events and HCC after therapy. In conclusion, in HCV patients with advanced cirrhosis or coexisting hepatic schistosomiasis, generic DAA-induced SVR remains robust with favorable clinical outcomes although the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis cannot be eliminated. Surveillance of patients with treated HCV infection is an important aspect of postcure care for early detection and management of liver disease-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram W. Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Waleed M. Abd Elgawad
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Damanhour Fever Hospital, Ministry of Health and Population, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Said
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I. Mikheal
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Damanhour Fever Hospital, Ministry of Health and Population, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanan Z. Shatat
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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24
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The Natural Compound Dehydrocrenatidine Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating a7nAChR-Jak2 Signaling Pathways. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8316335. [PMID: 35111269 PMCID: PMC8803439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8316335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to nicotine has been observed associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance of many cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one major cancer related to the liver and the most difficult to treat malignancies worldwide. The underlying mechanism of nicotine in the stimulation of HCC tumorigenesis is still not studied well. Methods Classically, nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and induces many downstream cancer-associated signaling pathways. Big data analysis is used to explore the importance of a7nAChR-Jak2 axis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine gene associated with a7nAChR-Jak2 axis of HCC patients. Biological importance of a7nAChR-Jak2 axis was investigated in vitro (Hun7 and HepG2 cell lines), and athymic nude mouse models bearing HepG2-HCC cells xenografts were established in vivo. Result We found that nicotine exposure stimulated the HCC tumorigenicity by inducing the expression of one of the key nAChRs subunit that is α7nAChR as well as the expression of Janus kinase (JAK)-2. In both the in vitro and in vivo studies, the reduced overexpression of α7nAChR and increased sensitization of HCC towards treatment is observed with dehydrocrenatidine (DHCT), a novel and potent JAK family kinase inhibitor. Interestingly, DHCT treatment results in the reduction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process which leads to a significant reduction of clonogenicity, migratory, and invasive ability of HCC cells. Moreover, DHCT treatment also inhibits the cancer stem cell phenotype by inhibiting the tumor-sphere formation and reducing the number of ALDH1+ cells population in nicotine-stimulated HCC cells. Conclusions Taken together, the presented results indicate the positive effect of inhibition of nicotine induced overexpression of α7nAChR and JAK2, unique to HCC. Thus, these findings suggest the nicotine effect on HCC progression via α7nAChR-mediated JAK2 signaling pathways, and DHCT treatment enhances the therapeutic potential of HCC patients via overcoming/reversing the effect of nicotine in HCC patients.
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25
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Al-Allaff RGM, Badal Rasheed K. Evaluation of Haemolytic Activity in Smokers by Using Non-Linear Regression. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:509-515. [PMID: 36098186 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.509.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Smokers are poorly protected against pathogens. Many studies have focused on the concentrations of complement components in comparison to smokers while ignoring the practical sequencing of complement components. There are numerous methods for estimating haemolytic activity (CH50%), all of which need a large number of samples and dilution, in addition to a typically expensive test kit. This novel study attempts to use statistical analysis and use the non-linear regression 'power equation' to extract the CH50% by using 5 serum dilutions only. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The power equation can multiply the five practical dilutions into hundreds of mathematical loops within the sample range. The (CH50%) value is highly accurate for both the study and comparison sample and was evaluated in11 smokers. <b>Results:</b> The results were contrasted with a control composed of 11 individuals, matched by age and sex. The power equation showed a 6.48% significant reduction in (CH50%) in smokers compared with non-smokers, where a 17.54% reduction was observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> The current study suggests a decrease in the function of the classical complement pathway (CH50%) in smokers. On the other hand, the study provided a new statistical pattern, linking the practical values with default values within the range of dilution and formulating an equation that could be used to extract the value of CH50% with high accuracy.
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26
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Zelber-Sagi S, Noureddin M, Shibolet O. Lifestyle and Hepatocellular Carcinoma What Is the Evidence and Prevention Recommendations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010103. [PMID: 35008267 PMCID: PMC8750465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing public health burden of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emphasizes the importance of defining important modifiable risk factors. In the following review, we will discuss the evidence for the relation of major lifestyle risk factors, mostly from large population-based studies. Generally, it is has been shown that healthy lifestyle habits, including minimizing obesity, eating a healthy diet, avoidance of smoking and alcohol, and increasing physical activity, have the potential to prevent HCC. Dietary composition is important beyond obesity. Consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as fish and poultry, vegetables and fiber, are inversely associated with HCC, while red meat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sugar are related to increased risk. Data from multiple studies clearly show a beneficial effect for physical activity in reducing the risk of HCC. Smoking and alcohol can lead to liver fibrosis and liver cancer and jointly lead to an even greater risk. Abstract The increasing burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emphasizes the unmet need for primary prevention. Lifestyle measures appear to be important modifiable risk factors for HCC regardless of its etiology. Lifestyle patterns, as a whole and each component separately, are related to HCC risk. Dietary composition is important beyond obesity. Consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as fish and poultry, are inversely associated with HCC, while red meat, saturated fat, and cholesterol are related to increased risk. Sugar consumption is associated with HCC risk, while fiber and vegetable intake is protective. Data from multiple studies clearly show a beneficial effect for physical activity in reducing the risk of HCC. However, the duration, mode and intensity of physical activity needed are yet to be determined. There is evidence that smoking can lead to liver fibrosis and liver cancer and has a synergistic effect with alcohol drinking. On the other hand, an excessive amount of alcohol by itself has been associated with increased risk of HCC directly (carcinogenic effect) or indirectly (liver fibrosis and cirrhosis progression. Large-scale intervention studies testing the effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions on HCC prevention among diverse cohorts of liver disease patients are greatly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-4634440; Fax: +972-3-5446086
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6697801, Israel
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27
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Tobacco Smoking and Liver Cancer Risk: Potential Avenues for Carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5905357. [PMID: 34925509 PMCID: PMC8683172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5905357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smoking a cigarette generates over 4000 chemicals that have a deleterious impact on each part of the human body. It produces three main severe effects on the liver organ: oncogenic, immunological, and indirect or direct toxic effects. It results in the production of cytotoxic substances, which raises fibrosis and necro-inflammation. Additionally, it also directs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6) that will be responsible for the chronic liver injury. Furthermore, it gives rise to secondary polycythemia and successively raises the turnover and mass of red cells, which might be a common factor responsible for the development of oxidative stress in the liver due to iron overload. It also produces chemicals that are having oncogenic properties and raises the risk of liver cancer especially in sufferers of chronic hepatitis C. Smoking modulates both humoral and cell-mediated responses by restricting the proliferation of lymphocytes and inducing their apoptosis and ultimately decreasing the surveillance of cancer cells. Moreover, it has been determined that heavy smoking impacts the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon (IFN) therapy through different mechanisms, which can be improved by phlebotomy. Efforts are being made in different nations in decreasing the prevalence of smoking to improve premature death and ill effects of their nation's individuals.
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Pellegrini JR, Munshi R, Patel P, Pelletier B, Patel P, Mustacchia P. The Impact of Hepatic Cirrhosis on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis. Cureus 2021; 13:e16368. [PMID: 34408927 PMCID: PMC8361533 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the impact of Hepatic Cirrhosis (HC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our study is a retrospective cohort study using the 2016-2017 National Readmission Database (NRD). NRD is part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), organized and supported by means of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Patients were included if they were 18 years or older and had a principal diagnosis of COPD based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10- CM) codes and had a secondary diagnosis of HC. A total of 505,004 patients were included in the study with a diagnosis of COPD, 6196 (1.23%) of whom had HC. HC was found to be more common amongst male patients between the ages of 50 and 65 years. Medicare beneficiaries with high comorbidity burden, lower socioeconomic status, and those who received treatment in a large urban teaching hospital also had higher rates of HC. Patients with HC and COPD correlated to an increase of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR: 2.21, p<0.001) and 30-day hospital readmission rate (aOR: 1.23, p<0.001) compared with patients without HC. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher during readmission compared with index admissions (5.01% versus 2.16%; p<0.001). In addition, HC was associated with higher morbidity including prolonged mechanical ventilation (aOR: 1.39, p<0.001), resource utilization with prolong length of stay (LOS) (adjusted mean difference (aMD: 0.51, p<0.001), higher total hospitalization charges (aMD: 4967, p<0.001), and costs (aMD: 1200, p<0.001). Both patient groups had similar odds of being intubated (aOR: 1.18, p-0.13), tracheostomy (aOR: 0.81, p-069) and bronchoscopy rates (aOR: 1.27, p-0.36). The most common causes of hospital readmission were found to be COPD with acute exacerbation (19.7%), sepsis, unspecified organism (6.0%, acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypoxia (4.2%), acute on chronic systolic heart failure (3.9%), and hepatic failure, unspecified coma (3.1%). Various autonomous prognosticators of readmission were sex (particularly female), alcohol dependence, LOS greater than 7 days, lower comorbidity burden, and discharge to short term hospital or against medical advice. On the other hand, males, patients without a history of alcohol dependence, greater comorbidity burden, and LOS fewer than 3 days, were less likely to be readmitted. We found that HC is related to higher in-hospital mortality, LOS, increased mechanical ventilation, resource utilization with prolonged LOS, hospital costs, odds of intubation, and tracheostomy and bronchoscopy rates. Our study aims to shed light on the impact of HC on COPD in hopes to improve future management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rezwan Munshi
- Internal Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Pranavi Patel
- Internal Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Brandon Pelletier
- Internal Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Palakkumar Patel
- Internal Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Paul Mustacchia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
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29
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Premkumar M, Anand AC. Tobacco, Cigarettes, and the Liver: The Smoking Gun. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:700-712. [PMID: 34866849 PMCID: PMC8617531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between alcohol and liver disease, including alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been well described, but the same cannot be said for the association between smoking, water pipe or tobacco chewing. A review of cumulative evidence suggests that smoking is independently a risk factor for liver fibrosis and contributes to carcinogenesis in HCC. Smoking-related fibrosis has been reported in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, alcoholic liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. Heavy smoking leads to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and results in tissue hypoxia, as well as free radical damage. Other than damaging the liver, patients also suffer from the systemic effects of the 4000 chemicals associated with tobacco, which include nitrosamines, aromatic hydrocarbons, nicotine, nornicotine, and other alkaloids. These include respiratory ailments, cancer of the lungs, oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas and colon, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and stroke.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BMI, body mass index
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HR, hazard ratio
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OR, odds ratio
- RR, relative risk
- ST, smokeless tobacco
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cirrhosis
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- inflammation
- smoking
- tobacco
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil C Anand
- Department of Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
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Hendawy AK, El-Toukhey NES, AbdEl-Rahman SS, Ahmed HH. Ameliorating effect of melatonin against nicotine induced lung and heart toxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35628-35641. [PMID: 33674975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effects of melatonin against nicotine-induced heart and lung toxicity. For this purpose, 75 mature male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into five groups (15 rats each): control group (rats were I/P injected with 1% ethanol in saline), nicotine group (rats were I/P injected with 0.6 mg/kg body weight), and combined nicotine and melatonin groups (rats received nicotine as in the previous group and melatonin at a dose of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively); all treatments were continued for 21 days. Fasting blood samples were collected from each rat at the 11th day and one day after the end of the last injection (22nd day) for complete blood count (CBC) determination, while sera were collected for the determination of lipid profiles. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as DNA fragmentation percentage were assessed in cardiac tissue. Heart and lung samples were collected for estimation of caspase-3 expression and histopathological examination. The results revealed that nicotine increased the number of RBCs, Hb concentration, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, it decreased SOD activity and GSH concentration with increased MDA concentration, and DNA fragmentation in the heart, as well as caspase-3 expression in both heart and lungs. It also induced histopathological changes in the heart and lung tissues. Melatonin could ameliorate the deleterious effect of nicotine on the previous parameters either partially or completely, where melatonin restored complete blood count, improved lipid profile, mended lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in the cardiac tissue, rectified caspase-3 expression in the heart and lungs, ameliorated DNA fragmentation percentage in the heart, and protected both heart and lung tissue against the harmful effect of nicotine. It is concluded that melatonin has a protective effect on the heart and lungs against the harmful effect of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khalil Hendawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Hodallah Hatem Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Mendes TC, Silva GRDA, Silva AO, Schaedler MI, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Signor CT, Bosco JDD, Auth PA, Amaral EC, Froelich DL, Soares AA, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Hepato- and cardioprotective effects of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. against multiple risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200899. [PMID: 34161513 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide and have several risk factors, including dyslipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Studies have evaluated isolated risk factors in experimental models of cardiovascular disease, but few preclinical studies have assessed associations between multiple risk factors. In the present study, hypertensive Wistar rats (Goldblatt 2K1C model) received a 0.5% cholesterol diet and were exposed to tobacco smoke for 8 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle, an ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin + enalapril. A group of normotensive, non-dyslipidemic, and non-smoking rats was treated with vehicle. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and hepatic and fecal lipids, blood pressure, and mesenteric arterial bed reactivity were evaluated. Cardiac, hepatic, and renal histopathology and tecidual redox state were also investigated. Untreated animals exhibited significant changes in blood pressure, lipid profile, and biomarkers of heart, liver, and kidney damage. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes, with effects that were similar to simvastatin + enalapril. These findings suggest that B. trimera may be promising for the treatment of cardiovascular and hepatic disorders, especially disorders that are associated with multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane C Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Aniely O Silva
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maysa I Schaedler
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Guarnier
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany A C Palozi
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide T Signor
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Janaína D Dal Bosco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Auth
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduarda C Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Diego L Froelich
- Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, Laboratório de Prevenção e Diagnóstico, Avenida das Torres, 500, 85806-095 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia A Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn C W Lovato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Neurociências, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - João T Ribeiro-Paes
- Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genética e Terapia Celular, Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine A Dos Reis Lívero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Hawash M, Qneibi M, Jaradat N, Abualhasan M, Amer J, Amer EH, Ibraheem T, Hindieh S, Tarazi S, Sobuh S. The impact of filtered water-pipe smoke on healthy versus cancer cells and their neurodegenerative role on AMPA receptor. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2292-2300. [PMID: 34121557 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1935397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Water pipe smoking is highly prevalent in developing countries, especially in Eastern Mediterranean regions. Research finds that more than 100 million people smoke a water pipe. Furthermore, tobacco smoking is one of the leading behavioral factors related to an increased risk of cancer, a leading cause of death globally. We aim to introduce a novel filtration system for water-pipe smoking and evaluate cytotoxic effects of common water pipe condensed smoke in comparison with our novel filtration system on normal (HEK293t) and cancer cell lines (Hep3B and MCF7) by MTS assay, alpha-fetoprotein (aFP), and apoptosis/necrosis effects. More so, the smoke substituents' neurotoxicity effect was evaluated by analyzing the depressive property on AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Our results showed that the silica filtration system was more effective than the water filtration system. The number of toxic compounds was reduced from 145 mg in distilled water extract (DWE) to 57.5 mg in silica solution extract (SSE). The SSE method also showed lower toxicity impacts on normal and cancerous cell lines (HEK293t, Hep3B, and MCF7) with CC50 values 149.9, 10.14, and 8.9 µg/ml, relative to the DWE method (CC50 values 77.1, 3.1, and 5.24 µg/ml, respectively). SSE extraction also reduced the α-FP (tumor marker test) to 2273.3 ng/ml which was closer in value to untreated cells (4066.7 ng/ml) in comparison with DWE which reduced it greatly to 1658.7 ng/ml, and the biophysical properties of AMPAR subunits demonstrate a reduced effect on desensitization rates of GluA2 homomer and GluA1/2 heteromer, using SSE relative to DWE. In conclusion, the condensed smoke of ordinary water pipe (DWE) has cytotoxic and neurotoxic impacts on various cell lines, while our newly developed system (SSE) was less toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johnny Amer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - El-Hamouz Amer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Ibraheem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Siham Hindieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sama Tarazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Shorooq Sobuh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Eurotium cristatum Fermented Loose Dark Tea Ameliorates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Injury by MAPK Pathway and Enhances Hepatic Metabolic Detoxification by PXR/ AhR Pathway in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6635080. [PMID: 33777316 PMCID: PMC7972846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke- (CS-) induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the lung are serious health problems. Primary and reprocessed tea products contain multiple antioxidants that have been reported to protect the lung against CS-induced injury. However, the beneficial effects of Eurotium cristatum fermented loose dark tea (ECT) and Eurotium cristatum particle metabolites (ECP) on CS-induced lung injury and its potential hepatic metabolic detoxification are still unclear. Therefore, sixty mice were randomly divided into six equal groups. CS-exposed mice were prevented or treated with ECP or ECT infusions for 12 or 8 weeks to determine the antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and potential metabolic detoxification of ECT and ECP. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six equal groups to observe the effects on hepatic metabolic detoxification by replacing daily drinking water with ECT. Results showed that CS significantly decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and upregulated the expressions of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-1β in serum. These adverse effects were modulated by ECP and ECT. In addition, ECT upregulated the mRNA expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in the liver on daily free drinking ECT mice group. Western blot analysis further revealed that in CS-exposed mice, ECP and ECT significantly decreased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the lung but upregulated the protein expressions of PXR and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the liver. Overall, our findings demonstrated that ECT and ECP protected against lung injury induced by CS via MAPK pathway and enhanced hepatic metabolic detoxification via PXR and AhR pathways. Therefore, daily intake of ECT and ECP can potentially protect against CS-induced oxidative and inflammatory injuries.
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Dietary lycopene attenuates cigarette smoke-promoted nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by preventing suppression of antioxidant enzymes in ferrets. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108596. [PMID: 33548472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is an independent risk factor in development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Lycopene, a carotenoid naturally occurring in tomatoes, has been shown to be a protective agent against tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced NASH. In the present study using a ferret model we investigated whether CS promotes NASH and whether dietary lycopene can inhibit CS-promoted NASH development, and if so, what potential mechanisms were involved. Ferrets were divided into 4 groups (n=12-16/group): control, NNK/CS exposed, NNK/CS plus low-dose lycopene (2.2 mg/kg BW/day), and NNK/CS plus high-dose lycopene (6.6 mg/kg BW/day) groups, for 26 weeks. Results showed that hepatic steatosis, infiltrates of inflammatory cells, and the number and size of inflammatory foci in liver, together with key genes involved in hepatic fibrogenesis were higher in the NNK/CS group compared to the control group; a lycopene diet reversed these changes to the levels of the control group. Interestingly, a major lycopene cleavage enzyme, beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), which recently has been recognized to play metabolic roles beyond cleavage function, was down-regulated by NNK/CS exposure, but this decrease was prevented by lycopene feeding. NNK/CS exposure also downregulated liver expression of antioxidant enzymes and upregulated oxidative stress marker, which were all prevented by lycopene. In conclusion, our results suggest that CS can promote development of NASH and liver fibrosis in ferrets, which is associated with downregulation of BCO2 and impairment of antioxidant system in liver; dietary lycopene may inhibit CS-promoted NASH by preventing suppression of BCO2 and decline in antioxidant network.
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Medeiros LMD, Stahlschmidt R, Ferracini AC, Souza CMD, Juliato CRT, Mazzola PG. Switching of Hormone Therapies in Breast Cancer Women. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2021; 43:185-189. [PMID: 33465792 PMCID: PMC10183841 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to analyze the reasons that led to hormone therapies (HTs) regimen changes in women with breast cancer. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from a single-institution Brazilian cancer center with patient records diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2012 and January 2017. RESULTS From 1,555 women who were in treatment with HT, 213 (13.7%) women had HT switched, either tamoxifen to anastrozole or vice-versa. Most women included in the present study who switched HT were > 50 years old, postmenopausal, Caucasian, and had at least one comorbidity. From the group with therapy change, 'disease progression' was reason of change in 124 (58.2%) cases, and in 65 (30.5%) patients, 'presence of side effects' was the reason. From those women who suffered with side effects, 24 (36.9%) had comorbidities. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a low rate of HT switch of tamoxifen to anastrozole. Among the reasons for changing therapy, the most common was disease progression, which includes cancer recurrence, metastasis or increased tumor. Side effects were second; furthermore, age and comorbidities are risk factors for side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Stahlschmidt
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Canato Ferracini
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Madeira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassia Raquel Teatin Juliato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Outcome of bile leakage following liver resection with hepaticojejunostomy for liver cancer. Updates Surg 2021; 73:411-417. [PMID: 33471344 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-021-00974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate contemporary management and outcomes of bile leakage in patients who underwent hepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy for liver malignancy. The NSQIP database was used to study clinical data of patients who underwent a hepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy for a primary hepatobiliary cancer and developed bile leakage between 1/2014 and 12/2017. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to investigate outcomes. Five hundred patients underwent a hepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy for a malignant primary hepatobiliary cancer (41% intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 38.2% hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 9.8% hepatocellular carcinoma, 6% gallbladder cancer, and 5% others). The rate of bile leakage was 33.4%. Most patients (90.4%) did not require re-exploration. In 77 of 157 patients (49.1%), bile leakages were contained with intraoperatively placed drain(s) and no additional surgical intervention was required. A total of 71 patients (42.5%)-including 64 patients with intraoperative drains-required interventional radiology (IR)-guided drainage, with a 88.7% success rate. A total of 16 patients (9.6%) required re-exploration to control the leakage, with 8 of them having undergone failed IR-drainage. When running multivariate analysis, post-hepatectomy liver failure (AOR: 158.26, P < 0.01), preoperative sepsis (AOR: 36.24, P = 0.03), and smoking (AOR: 14.07, P = 0.03) were significantly associated with mortality of patients. Biliary leakage is relatively common following hepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy for liver malignancy (33.4%), but most patients (90.4%) do not require re-exploration. Intraoperatively placed drains successfully controlled 46.7% of bile leakages. IR-guided drain placement had a 88.7% success rate for adequate leak control.
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Rutledge SM, Asgharpour A. Smoking and Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2020; 16:617-625. [PMID: 34035697 PMCID: PMC8132692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, causing approximately 480,000 deaths per year, which is equivalent to 1 in 5 deaths being attributable to tobacco use. The adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the lungs and cardiovascular system are well described; however, the detrimental effects of smoking on the liver are not as well defined. Smoking affects the liver via 3 separate mechanisms: toxic (both direct and indirect), immunologic, and oncogenic. There is an emerging body of evidence of an association between cigarette smoking and progression of fibrosis in chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis. Smoking is associated with accelerated development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection. Tobacco smoking adversely affects lung function, which increases physical limitations and may preclude liver transplantation. Following liver transplantation, smoking is associated with several adverse outcomes, including increased risk of de novo malignancy, vascular complications, and nongraft-associated mortality. The respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 serves as a good example of the complex interplay between the lungs and the liver. It is evident that cigarette smoking has important negative effects on a multitude of liver diseases and that patients' smoking cessation must be prioritized. The data are limited, and more research is needed to better understand how smoking affects the liver. This article summarizes what is known about the pathologic effects of cigarette smoking on common liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Rutledge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amon Asgharpour
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Institute of Liver Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Kim E, Viatour P. Hepatocellular carcinoma: old friends and new tricks. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1898-1907. [PMID: 33268834 PMCID: PMC8080814 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ninety percent of HCC cases arise from cirrhosis, during which liver cells undergo chronic cycles of necrosis and regeneration. The complex genomic landscape of HCC has been extensively investigated to draw correlations between recurrently mutated pathways and patient prognosis. However, our limited success with targeted therapy shows that knowing the presence of somatic mutations alone is insufficient for us to gauge the full spectrum of their functional consequences in the context of tumor evolution. In addition, the current molecular classification of HCC offers little information on the relationship between the molecular features and immunological properties of HCC tumors and their immune microenvironment. This review introduces current challenges and advancements made in HCC surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment. We also discuss the suite of HCC-associated genetic changes and describe recent studies that provide evidence for an evolving functional model and its implications for understanding and targeting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Kim
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick Viatour
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Rosanortriterpenes A-B, Two Promising Agents from Rosa laevigata var. leiocapus, Alleviate Inflammatory Responses and Liver Fibrosis in In Vitro Cell Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8872945. [PMID: 33224259 PMCID: PMC7673933 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rosanortriterpenes A–B (RTA and RTB), two nortriterpenoids, are characteristic constituents in the fruits of Rosa laevigata var. leiocapus. However, pharmacological studies on these compounds are still scarce. In the present study, we aim to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms associated with the effects of RTA–B in RAW264.7 macrophages and LO2 cells by detecting cell viabilities, nitric oxide (NO) production, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Simultaneously, the anti-inflammatory action mechanisms of these two compounds were illustrated through western blot assay. Besides, the antihepatic fibrosis activities of these compounds have also been explored. The results demonstrated that RTA and RTB inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 and suppressed liver fibrosis. RTA and RTB treatment also greatly inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway. Our study confirmed the promising anti-inflammatory and anti-liver fibrosis actions of RTA–B, suggesting that they might be developed as alternative and promising drugs for the treatment of hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.
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40
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Doherty Lyons S, Blum JL, Hoffman-Budde C, Tijerina PB, Fiel MI, Conklin DJ, Gany F, Odin JA, Zelikoff JT. Prenatal Exposure to Gutkha, a Globally Relevant Smokeless Tobacco Product, Induces Hepatic Changes in Adult Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217895. [PMID: 33126512 PMCID: PMC7662769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposures during pregnancy affect the onset and progression of adult diseases in the offspring. A prior mouse study indicated that maternal tobacco smoke exposure affects hepatic fibrosis in adult offspring. Gutkha, a broadly used smokeless tobacco (ST) product, is widely used by pregnant woman in many countries. The objective of this murine study was to evaluate whether oral maternal exposure to gutkha during pregnancy alters non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult offspring: risk factors for the progression of NAFLD to cirrhosis in adults remain elusive. Buccal cavity 'painting' of pregnant mice with gutkha began on gestational days (GD) 2-4 and continued until parturition. Beginning at 12 weeks of age, a subset of offspring were transitioned to a high-fat diet (HFD). Results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to gutkha followed by an HFD in adulthood significantly increased the histologic evidence of fatty liver disease only in adult male offspring. Changes in hepatic fibrosis-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-6) and in hepatic collagen mRNA expression were observed when comparing adult male offspring exposed to gutkha in utero to those not exposed. These findings indicate that maternal use of gutkha during pregnancy affects NAFLD in adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Doherty Lyons
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
| | - Jason L. Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
- Product Safety Labs, Dayton, NJ 08810, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman-Budde
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
| | - Pamela B. Tijerina
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
| | - M. Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Francesca Gany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph A. Odin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.O.); (J.T.Z.)
| | - Judith T. Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.D.L.); (J.L.B.); (C.H.-B.); (P.B.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.O.); (J.T.Z.)
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Yuan TH, Chen JL, Shie RH, Yeh YP, Chen YH, Chan CC. Liver fibrosis associated with potential vinyl chloride and ethylene dichloride exposure from the petrochemical industry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139920. [PMID: 32534314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of the relationship between exposure to carcinogenic vinyl chloride (VCM) and ethylene dichloride (EDC) and liver fibrosis is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations between the urinary metabolite levels of VCM and EDC and the risk of liver fibrosis in residents living near a petrochemical complex. METHODS Our study comprised 447 adult residents of two townships with questionnaire survey and health examination near the largest petrochemical complex in central Taiwan. The urinary levels of thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA), the metabolite of VCM and EDC, were detected in study subjects. We utilized fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) as the noninvasive liver fibrosis index. Adjusted linear model was applied to evaluate the associations between the distance from the complex and the urinary TdGA levels. Adjusted logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the associations between the urinary TdGA levels and the risk of liver fibrosis. RESULTS The study subjects living in the closer township had significant higher urinary TdGA levels than those living in the more distant township (269.6 ± 200.7 vs. 199.2 ± 164.7 μg/g creatinine) (p < 0.001). It showed that urinary TdGA levels were decreased 0.53-fold when the distances from the complex were increased 1-fold after adjusting for confounding factors. It demonstrated that the study subjects with the highest TdGA levels (>343.3 μg/g creatinine) had a higher risk of FIB-4>1.29 (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.78), and those with higher TdGA levels (232.7 to 343.3 μg/g creatinine) had a marginally higher risk of FIB-4>1.29 (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.90). CONCLUSION The residents living closer to the VCM/PVC plant in the petrochemical complex had higher urinary TdGA levels, which were associated with an increased risk of fibrosis. This confirmed that the EDC and VCM potentially emitted from the petrochemical industry may have an impact on the liver health of nearby residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Lin Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Yeh
- Changhua Health Bureau, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wekesa C, Kirk GD, Aizire J, Benson EM, Karabarinde A, Parkes-Ratanshi R, Ocama P. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Liver Fibrosis Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients Attending Urban and Rural Care Clinics in Uganda. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa483. [PMID: 33241065 PMCID: PMC7676506 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is common among HIV-infected patients. Risk factors vary by location. Understanding this variation may inform prevention strategies. We compared the prevalence and correlates of liver fibrosis among HIV-infected patients attending care clinics in Uganda. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 2030 HIV-infected patients attending care clinics in urban and rural Uganda. Liver fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) >7.1 KPa. Proportions and correlates of liver fibrosis were assessed and compared using logistic regression stratified by gender and site. Results Prevalence of liver fibrosis was higher among participants in the rural clinic (15% vs 11%; P = .017). History of tobacco use (urban P = .022; rural P = .035) and serologic evidence of hepatitis C infection (HCV; urban P = .028; rural P = .03) was associated with liver fibrosis in all men. Elevated liver transaminases (urban P = .002; rural P = .028) and increasing age (urban P = .008; rural P = .052) were risk factors among all women. Tobacco use among women was only a risk factor in those attending the rural clinic (P = .003), and detectable HIV viral load (P = .002) for men in the urban clinic. Conclusions Liver fibrosis is prevalent among HIV-infected persons in Uganda. HIV viral suppression and avoiding tobacco may be strategies to prevent liver fibrosis and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wekesa
- MRC/UVRI and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research, Entebbe, Uganda.,HIV and HCC in Uganda (H2U) Consortium, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,HIV and HCC in Uganda (H2U) Consortium, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jim Aizire
- John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,HIV and HCC in Uganda (H2U) Consortium, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eve-Marie Benson
- John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,HIV and HCC in Uganda (H2U) Consortium, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Karabarinde
- MRC/UVRI and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Ponsiano Ocama
- HIV and HCC in Uganda (H2U) Consortium, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Deveci B, Gazi E. Relation Between Globulin, Fibrinogen, and Albumin With the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2020; 72:174-180. [PMID: 32996325 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720959985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) is used as a prognostic marker in acute ischemic cardiovascular events. We investigated whether serum AGR, fibrinogen, and fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) are related to the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients who underwent coronary angiography procedures were analyzed retrospectively. The severity of CAD was assessed by the Gensini score. The study population (3031 patients; 1071 females and 1960 males) was divided into 3 tertiles based on AGR values. Gensini score, lipid levels, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), age, and fibrinogen level were higher in the low AGR group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that AGR (r = -0.068, P < .001) was negatively and fibrinogen (r = 0.187, P < .001) was positively correlated with the Gensini score. Male gender, HT, smoking, DM, age, high triglyceride (TG) level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >160 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min, and fibrinogen level >3.5 g/L were independent predictors of CAD. Male gender, age, eGFR, DM, LDL-C, TG, and FAR had an independent positive relation to the Gensini score. In conclusion, similar to traditional risk factors, plasma fibrinogen and albumin levels showed a close relation with the presence and severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Deveci
- Department of Cardiology, 448249Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Gazi
- Department of Cardiology, 52950Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Nasralla K, Khieri SA, Kunna A, Saadia Z, Ali AO, Alsammani MA. The Relationship Between the Weight of the Placenta, Body Mass Index and Fetal Birth Weight Among Sudanese Women. Mater Sociomed 2020; 32:196-199. [PMID: 38644982 PMCID: PMC11027961 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.196-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accurate estimation of fetal birth weight is essential for the management of labor and delivery. The predictability of fetal weighs by clinical assessment and ultrasound is limited. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the association between fetal birth weight and placental weight and other demographic characteristics. Methods a total of 369 live born of a singleton term pregnancies (37 to 42 weeks gestations) were included in the study. Immediately after delivery, the placenta was weighed with cord and membranes. A linear regression was used to examine the effect of placental weight and other variables on fetal birth weight. Results The mean of birth weight was 3122.5±477.8 grams. Placenta weight had a mean of 556.92±112.488 grams. The mean gestational age was 39.0543±.89642 weeks. The association between the placental weight and the birth weight was significant, and we found that for each gram increase in placental weight, birth weight is increased by 2.848g (SE = 0.178, p < 0.01). Similarly, there was a significant association between placental weight and fetal birth weight, and we found that for each kg increase in maternal weight, birth weight is increased by 17.018 g (SE = 5.281, p =0.001). Conclusion Placenta weight and BMI are independent predictors of fetal birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Nasralla
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buriadah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumeya A Khieri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdelilah Kunna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Zaheera Saadia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buriadah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Osman Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alazhari, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Alkhatim Alsammani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buriadah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
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Wang H, Chen L, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Zeng C. Nicotine Promotes WRL68 Cells Proliferation Due to the Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function by Activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2361-2373. [PMID: 32820905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an important organ with many tasks, such as dealing with drugs, alcohol and other toxins to remove them from the body. Nicotine is the more abundant component in cigarette smoking, which is first metabolized in liver and increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Also, genotoxic potential of nicotine has been extensively studied in vitro. However, the carcinogenic action of nicotine on the HCC needs to be elucidated. The current study demonstrated that chronic exposure to nicotine significantly promotes human normal fetal hepatic cell line (WRL68 cells) proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner resulting from G0/G1-S-phase transition. Also remarkably, nicotine induced the level of p53 mutation at Ser249 (p53-RS). Note as well that the level of STAT1 protein was increased along with p53-RS owing to the prolonged half-life of STAT1. Furthermore, it is suggested that CDK6-dependent binding between phosphorylation of p53-RS at Ser249 and PIN1 by nicotine treatment leads to the nucleus translocation, followed by interacting with STAT1 and subsequent activation of STAT1 via the improvement of its stability, which is involved in cellular growth and colony formation after nicotine treatment. Simply put, these findings indicated that nicotine induces mutant p53 gain-of function (GOF), activating CDK6-p53-RS-PIN1-STAT1 signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation, which could contribute to HCC for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Wuhan Taisheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 10 West Yezhihu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China
| | - Canwei Zeng
- Wuhan Taisheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 10 West Yezhihu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. of China
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Moreno ACR, Nai GA, Laurindo CP, Gregorio KCR, Olean-Oliveira T, Teixeira MFS, Seraphim PM. Resistance training prevents right ventricle hypertrophy in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236988. [PMID: 32764771 PMCID: PMC7413484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is associated with the development of diverse diseases. Resistance training has been considered one of the most useful tools for patients with pulmonary disease, improving their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) on the prevention of thickening of the right ventricle wall of rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), Smoker (S), Exercised (E) and Exercised Smoker (ES). The smoker groups were exposed to the smoke of four cigarettes for 30 min, twice daily, five days a week, for 16 weeks. The exercised groups climbed on a vertical ladder with progressive load, once a day, five days a week, for 16 weeks. The heart, trachea, lung, liver and gastrocnemius muscle were removed for histopathological analysis. Pulmonary emphysema (S and ES vs C and E, P < 0.0001) and pulmonary artery thickness enlargement (S vs C and E, P = 0.003, ES vs C, P = 0.003) were detected in the smoking groups. There was an increase in the right ventricle thickness in the S group compared with all other groups (P < 0.0001). An increase in resident macrophages in the liver was detected in both smoking groups compared with the C group (P = 0.002). Additionally, a relevant reduction of the diameter of the muscle fibers was detected only in ES compared with the C, S and E groups (P = 0.0002), impairing, at least in part, the muscle mass in exercised smoking rats. Therefore, it was concluded that resistance training prevented the increase of thickness of the right ventricle in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke, but it may be not so beneficial for the skeletal muscle of smoking rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Rippi Moreno
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Sao Paulo, (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pancera Laurindo
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Rego Gregorio
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernando Souza Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Monteiro Seraphim
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbosa RJ, Ratti da Silva G, Cola IM, Kuchler JC, Coelho N, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, de Souza R, Zonta FN, Froehlich DL, Jacomassi E, Soares AA, Velasques LG, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Acco A, Lívero FADR. Promising therapeutic use of Baccharis trimera (less.) DC. as a natural hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112729. [PMID: 32145332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC is a perennial subshrub, popularly known as "carqueja," that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Ethnobotanical studies indicate that this species is used for the treatment of diabetes and digestive and liver diseases. However, studies that sought to validate its popular use were conducted using ethanolic extracts of the plant, which does not reflect the ethnomedicinal use of this species in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride accumulation in the liver that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the severity of this disease, less toxic and more effective therapeutic agents need to be developed. B. trimera may be a promising therapeutic alternative, but its activity against multiple risk factors for liver disease (e.g., smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) has not been studied. The present study investigated the effects of an ethnomedicinal form of a B. trimera preparation in a rat model of NAFLD that is associated with multiple risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic soluble fraction of B. trimera extract was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in male Wistar rats. The rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks). In the last 2 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control group), B. trimera extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin + simvastatin. One group of rats that was not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated. Blood was collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) analysis. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was additionally processed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS The model successfully induced NAFLD and increased levels of glucose, AST, and ALT in the negative control group. Treatment with the B. trimera extract (30 and 100 mg/kg) and insulin + simvastatin decreased hepatic and fecal lipids. In contrast to insulin + simvastatin treatment, all three doses of B. trimera effectively reduced AST and ALT levels. CONCLUSION B. trimera may be promising as a hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jachimowski Barbosa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Coelho
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia Assunção Soares
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Garcia Velasques
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzkoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Metabolism, Post-Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
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Carotenoids and fatty liver disease: Current knowledge and research gaps. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158597. [PMID: 31904420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids form an important part of the human diet, consumption of which has been associated with many health benefits. With the growing global burden of liver disease, increasing attention has been paid on the possible beneficial role that carotenoids may play in the liver. This review focuses on carotenoid actions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Indeed, many human studies have suggested an association between decreased circulating levels of carotenoids and increased incidence of NAFLD and ALD. The literature describing supplementation of individual carotenoids in rodent models of NAFLD and ALD is reviewed, with particular attention paid to β-carotene and lycopene, but also including β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin. The effect of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 and 2 knock-out mice on hepatic lipid metabolism is also discussed. In general, there is evidence to suggest that carotenoids have beneficial effects in animal models of both NAFLD and ALD. Mechanistically, these benefits may occur via three possible modes of action: 1) improved hepatic antioxidative status broadly attributed to carotenoids in general, 2) the generation of vitamin A from β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, leading to improved hepatic retinoid signaling, and 3) the generation of apocarotenoid metabolites from β-carotene and lycopene, that may regulate hepatic signaling pathways. Gaps in our knowledge regarding carotenoid mechanisms of action in the liver are highlighted throughout, and the review ends by emphasizing the importance of dose effects, mode of delivery, and mechanism of action as important areas for further study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Hu Y, Ferdosi S, Kapuruge EP, Diaz de Leon JA, Stücker I, Radoï L, Guénel P, Borges CR. Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of Blood Plasma Glycan Features in the Women Epidemiology Lung Cancer (WELCA) Study. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3985-3998. [PMID: 31566983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women living in the United States, which accounts for approximately the same percentage of cancer deaths in women as breast, ovary, and uterine cancers combined. Targeted blood plasma glycomics represents a promising source of noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Here, 208 samples from lung cancer patients and 207 age-matched controls enrolled in the Women Epidemiology Lung Cancer (WELCA) study were analyzed by a bottom-up glycan "node" analysis approach. Glycan features, quantified as single analytical signals, including 2-linked mannose, α2-6 sialylation, β1-4 branching, β1-6 branching, 4-linked GlcNAc, and antennary fucosylation, exhibited abilities to distinguish cases from controls (ROC AUCs: 0.68-0.92) and predict survival in patients (hazard ratios: 1.99-2.75) at all stages. Notable alterations of glycan features were observed in stages I-II. Diagnostic and prognostic glycan features were mostly independent of smoking status, age, gender, and histological subtypes of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Hu
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Shadi Ferdosi
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Erandi P Kapuruge
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Jesús Aguilar Diaz de Leon
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM UMS1018 , University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Loredana Radoï
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM UMS1018 , University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 94800 Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Dental Surgery , University Paris Descartes , 75006 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM UMS1018 , University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Chad R Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
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