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Vaid P, Saini AK, Gupta RK, Sinha ES, Sharma D, Alsanie WF, Thakur VK, Saini RV. Sustainable Nanoparticles from Stephania glabra and Analysis of Their Anticancer Potential on 2D and 3D Models of Prostate Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3511-3533. [PMID: 37682510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a novel effective treatment for prostate cancer, methanolic extract of Stephania glabra tubers (Sg-ME) was utilized to fabricate silver (Sg-AgNP), copper oxide (Sg-CuONP), and silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles (Sg-BNP). The characterization of the nanoparticles confirmed spherical shape with average diameters of 30.72, 32.19, and 25.59 nm of Sg-AgNP, Sg-CuONP, and Sg-BNP, respectively. Interestingly, these nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity toward the prostate cancer (PC3) cell line while being non-toxic toward normal cells. The nanoparticles were capable of inducing apoptosis in PC3 cells by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, the shrinkage of 3D prostate tumor spheroids was observed after 4 days of treatment with these green nanoparticles. The 3D model system was less susceptible to nanoparticles as compared to the 2D model system. Sg-BNP showed the highest anticancer potential on 2D and 3D prostate cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Vaid
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, H, Solan, .P, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Central Research Laboratory and Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Raju Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, U, Kanpur, .P, India
| | - Eshu Singhal Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Reena V Saini
- Central Research Laboratory and Department of Bio-sciences and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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Mustokoweni S, Mahyudin F, Setiawati R, Nugrahenny D, Hidayat M, Kalim H, Mintaroem K, Fitri LE, Hogendoorn PCW. Correlation of High-Grade Osteosarcoma Response to Chemotherapy with Enhanced Tissue Immunological Response: Analysis of CD95R, IFN-γ, Catalase, Hsp70, and VEGF. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:925-937. [PMID: 38748263 PMCID: PMC11186924 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma, a primary malignant bone tumour, is experiencing a global increase in reported incidence with varied prevalence. Despite advances in management, which include surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy often an unsatisfactory outcome is found due to poor or heterogeneous response to chemotherapy. Our study delved into chemotherapy responses in osteosarcoma patients and associated molecular expressions, focusing on CD95 receptor (CD95R), interferon (IFN)-γ, catalase, heat-shock protein (Hsp)70, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Employing immunohistochemistry and Huvos grading of post-chemo specimens, we analysed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) osteosarcoma tissue of resected post-chemotherapy specimens from Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia (DSGAH), spanning from 2016 to 2020. Results revealed varied responses (poor 40.38%, moderate 48.08%, good 11.54%) and distinct patterns in CD95R, IFN-γ, catalase, Hsp70, and VEGF expression. Significant differences among response groups were observed in CD95R and IFN-γ expression in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. The trend of diminishing CD95R expression from poor to good responses, accompanied by an increase in IFN-γ, implied a reduction in the count of viable osteosarcoma cells with the progression of Huvos grading. Catalase expression in osteosarcoma cells was consistently elevated in the poor response group, while Hsp70 expression was highest. VEGF expression in macrophages was significantly higher in the good response group. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of immune-chemotherapy interactions in osteosarcoma and identifies potential biomarkers for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjahjenny Mustokoweni
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Ferdiansyah Mahyudin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rosy Setiawati
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dian Nugrahenny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Hidayat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Handono Kalim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Karyono Mintaroem
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Pancras C W Hogendoorn
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Kumar A, Sharma B. Cardioprotective Effect of Eugenol Against Cd-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Dyslipidemia in Male Rats: An In Vivo and Molecular Docking Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04162-z. [PMID: 38592566 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal, can cause severe damage to several vital organs including the kidney, liver, and brain. Many of the natural compounds found in aromatic plants have beneficial pharmacological properties. Eugenol is one such compound reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to investigate whether eugenol, a natural compound found in aromatic plants known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can mitigate the detrimental effects of cadmium exposure on cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia. Male albino rats were subjected to randomization into four groups, each comprising six animals, to investigate the potential of eugenol in mitigating cadmium-induced toxicity. All groups received oral gavage treatment for 21 days. Following the treatment regimen, cardiac tissue specimens were collected for analysis. The assessment of cardiac antioxidant status entailed the determination of enzymatic activities including catalase, SOD, GST, and GPx. Additionally, levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, protein carbonyl oxidation, and thiol levels were quantified in the cardiac tissue samples. To evaluate cardiac damage, marker enzymes such as LDH and CK-MB were measured. Furthermore, the inflammatory response in the cardiac tissue induced by cadmium exposure was assessed through the quantification of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamics studies were conducted utilizing autodock and GLIDE methodologies. Cadmium administration markedly enhanced the activities of LDH and CK-MB, prominent cardiac markers. Furthermore, cadmium treatment also demonstrated a significant decrease in the reduced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Significant elevation of the inflammatory markers was also observed in the cadmium-treated group. Eugenol treatment effectively ameliorates cadmium-induced biochemical changes. This study underscores the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes of eugenol. Co-administration of eugenol alongside cadmium exhibited remarkable protective efficacy against cadmium-induced cardio-toxicity. Eugenol demonstrated the capability to reinstate the cellular redox equilibrium of rats subjected to cadmium treatment to levels akin to those of the normal control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India, 211002
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India, 211002.
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Velu P, Liu R. In-vitro Antioxidant, In-vitro and In-silico Ovarian Anticancer Activity (Ovarian Cancer Cells-PA1) and Phytochemical Analysis of Cissus quadrangularis L. Ethanolic Extract. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1504-1512. [PMID: 37818574 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073255558230926114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cissus quadrangularis is a valuable natural source of traditional medicines. OBJECTIVE An in vitro investigation was performed to determine whether the ethanolic extract from the whole portions of C. quadrangularis had anticancer and free radical scavenging activities against ovarian cancer cells-PA1. C. quadrangularis is a herb collected from rural areas in Andhra Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. quadrangularis was air-dried and crushed, and the powder and ethanol (0.5 kg) were used in a Soxhlet device for continuous extraction. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was performed using a standard procedure. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis was evaluated using DPPH. An in vitro anticancer study used an ethanolic extract against the PA1 cell line. Apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells was studied using DAPI and carboxy-H2DCFDA staining. From LC-MS analysis, quercetin-3-O-alpha-Lrhamnopyranoside and erucic acid were docked with the threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) enzyme using auto docking. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis demonstrated significant dose-dependent antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis was found to have high anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cell lines (PA1), with an IC50 value of 482.057 ± 113.857 μg/ml. DAPI and carboxy-H2DCFDA staining confirmed that C. quadrangularis ethanolic extract induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells (p < .001). Molecular docking studies helped identify the binding affinities between the protein and ligand complexes, such as Quercetin-3-O-alpha-Lrhamnopyranoside binding sites of target proteins 5N7V (MET602, GLN672) and erucic acid 5N7V (GLY354). Quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside was reported to bind with 5N7V by hydrogen bonding at MET602 and GLN672 amino acids with 2.02, 2.99 Å bonding length distance and binding affinity of -7.9 kcal/mol. Erucic acid was reported to bind with 5N7V by hydrogen bonding at GLY354 amino acid with 3.18, 2.93 Å bonding length (Å) distance and binding affinity of -4.3 kcal/mol. The current analysis showed that the ethanolic extracts of C. quadrangularis L. exhibited antioxidant and anticancer properties against ovarian PA1 cells. CONCLUSION The experimental results confirmed that C. quadrangularis L. is a promising, safe chemotherapeutic plant for ovarian cancer PA1 cells. The docking results demonstrated that Quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside strongly binds threonine tyrosine kinase at the MET602 and GLN672 positions. This study showed that the C. quadrangularis ethanolic extract has Quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, which can be used as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Air Force Medical University, Air Force 986 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Laoling City, Dezhou, Shandong, 253600, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Laoling City, Dezhou, Shandong, 253600, P.R. China
| | - Periyannan Velu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Runping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, 723000, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
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Bani N, Rahmani F, Shakour N, Amerizadeh F, Khalili-Tanha G, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Kerachian MA, Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarad M, Hadizadeh F, Ferns GA, Avan A. Wortmannin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Suppressing the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:916-927. [PMID: 38584531 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206296355240325113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant contributor to mortality, often exacerbated by metastasis and chemoresistance. Novel therapeutic strategies are imperative to enhance current treatments. The dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is implicated in CRC progression. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Wortmannin, combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), to target the PI3K/Akt pathway in CRC. METHODS Anti-migratory and antiproliferative effects were assessed through wound healing and MTT assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle alterations were evaluated using Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay. Wortmannin's impact on the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium was examined via ROS, SOD, CAT, MDA, and T-SH levels. Downstream target genes of the PI3K/AKT pathway were analyzed at mRNA and protein levels using RTPCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Wortmannin demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, modulating survivin, cyclinD1, PI3K, and p-Akt. The PI3K inhibitor attenuated migratory activity, inducing E-cadherin expression. Combined Wortmannin with 5-FU induced apoptosis, increasing cells in sub-G1 via elevated ROS levels. CONCLUSION This study underscores Wortmannin's potential in inhibiting CRC cell growth and migration through PI3K/Akt pathway modulation. It also highlights its candidacy for further investigation as a promising therapeutic option in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Bani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Handa M, Sanap SN, Bhatta RS, Patil GP, Palkhade R, Singh DP, Shukla R. Simultaneous Intranasal Codelivery of Donepezil and Memantine in a Nanocolloidal Carrier: Optimization, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics Studies. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4714-4728. [PMID: 37523676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on developing nanoemulsions using a low-energy emulsification method for the codelivery of donepezil and memantine in one dosage form intended to be administered via the intranasal route for enhanced brain delivery. The nanoemulsion formulation was prepared using a low emulsification technique and characterized using various microscopy and nasal ciliotoxicity studies. The safe nanoemulsion was intended for preclinical pharmacokinetics with brain distribution and pharmacodynamics in a scopolamine-induced murine model. The formulated nanoemulsion was 16 nm in size, with a zeta potential of -7.22 mV, and exhibited a spherical shape. The brain concentration of IN-administered NE for DPZ and MEM was ∼678 and 249 ng/mL after 15 min. This concentration is more than 2 times higher in amount when compared with NE administered via PO, free drug solution administered via IN and PO route both. However, the plasma concentration of IN-administered NE for DPZ and MEM was ∼3 and 28 ng/mL after 15 min. In pharmacodynamic studies, the efficacy of NE administered via the IN route was higher when compared with other groups in neurobehavioral, biochemical estimation, and gene expression studies. The results suggest that the IN route can be explored in the future for the delivery of actives via nanocolloidal carriers in the brain for neurological disorders and can serve as promising alternatives for conventional dosage forms and routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Gajanan Pratap Patil
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Rajendra Palkhade
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
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Bakshi S, Kaur M, Verma A, Sharma S. Molecular and cellular remodeling of HepG2 cells upon treatment with antitubercular drugs. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23386. [PMID: 37254945 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse outcome of the currently used tuberculosis treatment regimen, which results in patient noncompliance, poor treatment outcomes, and the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. DILI is primarily caused by the toxicity of the drugs and their metabolites, which affect liver cells, biliary epithelial cells, and liver vasculature. However, the precise mechanism behind the cellular damage attributable to first-line antitubercular drugs (ATDs), as well as the effect of toxicity on the cell survival strategies, is yet to be elucidated. In the current study, HepG2 cells upon treatment with a high concentration of ATDs showed increased perforation within the cell, cuboidal shape, and membrane blebbing as compared with control/untreated cells. It was observed that ATD-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, which was depicted by the decreased fluorescence intensity of the MitoRed tracker dye at higher drug concentrations. In addition, high doses of ATDs caused cell damage through an increase in reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cells and a simultaneous reduction in glutathione levels. Further, high dose of isoniazid (50-200 mM), pyrazinamide (50-200 mM), and rifampicin (20-100 µM) causes cell apoptosis and affects cell survival during toxic conditions by decreasing the expression of potent autophagy markers Atg5, Atg7, and LC3B. Thus, ATD-mediated toxicity contributes to the reduced ability of hepatocytes to tolerate cellular damage caused by altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, increased apoptosis, and decreased autophagy. These findings further emphasize the need to develop adjuvant therapies that can mitigate ATD-induced toxicity for the effective treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bakshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arpana Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Parfenyuk SB, Glushkova OV, Sharapov MG, Khrenov MO, Lunin SM, Kuzekova AA, Mubarakshina EK, Novoselova TV, Cherenkov DA, Novoselova EG. Protective Effects of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Pro-Inflammatory Response Model Using Raw 264.7 Macrophages. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1156-1164. [PMID: 37758314 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study effects of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a recombinant antioxidant protein, on the level of pro-inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophages to endotoxin exposure. Addition of LPS to the RAW 264.7 cell culture medium expectedly increased production of TNF-α, and addition of PRDX6 led to a significant (15-20%) decrease in its production. The level of production of another pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, which was significantly activated by endotoxin, was completely normalized under the PRDX6 action. Moreover, addition of PRDX6 reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by endotoxin and also prevented overexpression of the iNos gene in the RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that PRDX6 had a suppressive effect on the expression of Nrf-2 gene and production of the transcription factor NRF-2 during the first 6 h of cell cultivation. Addition of endotoxin caused activation of the NF-κB and SAPK/JNK signaling cascades, while in the presence of PRDX6, activity of these signaling cascades decreases. It is known that the pro-inflammatory response of cells caused by exposure to bacterial LPS leads to activation of apoptosis and elimination of the damaged cells. Our studies confirm this, since exposure to LPS led to activation of the expression of P53 gene, a marker of apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin 6 added within the first hours of the development of acute pro-inflammatory response suppressed the P53 gene expression, indicating protective effect of PRDX6 that reduced apoptosis in the RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana B Parfenyuk
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Olga V Glushkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Mars G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Maksim O Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Sergey M Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Anna A Kuzekova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Elvira K Mubarakshina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A Cherenkov
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, 394036, Russia
| | - Elena G Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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9
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Azlan A, Khor KZ, Rajasegaran Y, Rosli AA, Said MSM, Yusoff NM, Moses EJ. RUNX1/ETO regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in t(8,21) acute myeloid leukaemia via FLT3 and RAC1. Med Oncol 2023; 40:208. [PMID: 37341821 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is crucial for leukaemogenesisand deregulation would hamper leukaemic progression. Although the regulatory effects of RUNX1/ETO has been extensively studied, its underlying molecular mechanims in ROS production in t(8,21) AML is yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that RUNX1/ETO could directly control FLT3 by occupying several DNA elements on FLT3 locus. The possible hijacking mechanism by RUNX1/ETO over FLT3 mediated ROS modulation in AML t(8;21) was made apparent when suppression of RUNX1/ETO led to decrement in ROS levels and the direct oxidative marker FOXO3 but not in FLT3 and RAC1 suppressed t(8,21) AML cell line Furthermore, nuclear import of RUNX1/ETO was aberrated following RUNX1/ETO and RAC1 suppression suggesting association in ROS control. A different picture was depicted in non t(8;21) cells where suppression of RAC1 and FLT3 led to decreased levels of FOXO3a and ROS. Results alltogether indicate a possible dysregulation of ROS levels by RUNX1/ETO in t(8,21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Azlan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Kang Zi Khor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Yaashini Rajasegaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Aliaa Arina Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | | | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia.
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10
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Castañeda C, Bravo K, Cortés N, Bedoya J, de Borges WS, Bastida J, Osorio E. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in skin cancer management: Photoprotective effect on human keratinocytes and anti-proliferative activity in melanoma cells. J Appl Biomed 2023; 21:36-47. [PMID: 37016777 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer has high rates of mortality and therapeutic failure. In this study, to develop a multi-agent strategy for skin cancer management, the selective cytotoxicity of several alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids isolated from Amaryllidaceae species was evaluated in melanoma cells. In addition, UVB-stimulated keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to seven alkaloid fractions characterized by GC-MS, and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-6, were measured to evaluate their photoprotection effects. The Eucharis caucana (bulb) alkaloid fraction (20 μg/ml) had a clear effect on the viability of melanoma cells, reducing it by 45.7% without affecting healthy keratinocytes. This alkaloid fraction and tazettine (both at 2.5 μg/ml) suppressed UVB-induced ROS production by 31.6% and 29.4%, respectively. The highest anti-inflammatory potential was shown by the Zephyranthes carinata (bulb) alkaloid fraction (10 μg/ml), which reduced IL-6 production by 90.8%. According to the chemometric analysis, lycoramine and tazettine had a photoprotective effect on the UVB-exposed HaCaT cells, attenuating the production of ROS and IL-6. These results suggest that Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have photoprotective and therapeutic potential in skin cancer management, especially at low concentrations.
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11
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Xiao Z, Deng S, Liu H, Wang R, Liu Y, Dai Z, Gu W, Ni Q, Yu X, Liu C, Luo G. Glutamine deprivation induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1288-1300. [PMID: 36942991 PMCID: PMC10449637 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death closely related to amino acid metabolism. Pancreatic cancer cells have a strong dependence on glutamine, which serves as a carbon and nitrogen substrate to sustain rapid growth. Glutamine also aids in self-protection mechanisms. However, the effect of glutamine on ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to explore the association between ferroptosis and glutamine deprivation in pancreatic cancer. The growth of pancreatic cancer cells in culture media with or without glutamine is evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are measured by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Ferroptosis is assessed by BODIPY-C11 dye using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Amino acid concentrations are measured using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Isotope-labelled metabolic flux analysis is performed to track the metabolic flow of glutamine. Additionally, RNA sequencing is performed to analyse the genetic alterations. Glutamine deprivation inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and induces ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, glutamine decreases ROS formation via glutathione production in pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, glutamine inhibitors (diazooxonorleucine and azaserine) promotes ROS formation and ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, ferrostatin, a ferroptosis inhibitor, rescues ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Glutamine deprivation leads to changes in molecular pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways ( CCL5, CCR4, LTA, CXCR4, IL-6R, and IL-7R). Thus, exogenous glutamine is required for the detoxification of ROS in pancreatic cancer cells, thereby preventing ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Zhengjie Dai
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunma371-8511Japan
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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12
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Mukherjee S, Sawant AV, Prassanawar SS, Panda D. Copper-Plumbagin Complex Produces Potent Anticancer Effects by Depolymerizing Microtubules and Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3221-3235. [PMID: 36713695 PMCID: PMC9878539 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have synthesized a copper complex of plumbagin (Cu-PLN) and investigated its antiproliferative activities in different cancer cells. The crystal structure of Cu-PLN showed that the complex was square planar with a binding stoichiometry of 1:2 (Cu/Plumbagin). Cu-PLN inhibited the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and murine melanoma (B16F10) cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.85 ± 0.05, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Plumbagin inhibited the proliferation of HeLa, MCF-7, and B16F10 cells with IC50 of 7 ± 0.1, 8.2 ± 0.2, and 6.2 ± 0.4 μM, respectively, showing that Cu-PLN is a stronger antiproliferative agent than plumbagin. Interestingly, Cu-PLN showed much stronger toxicity against breast carcinoma and skin melanoma cells than noncancerous breast epithelial and skin fibroblast cells, indicating its specific cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. A short exposure of Cu-PLN triggered microtubule disassembly in cultured cancer cells, and the complex also inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin much more strongly than plumbagin. Furthermore, Cu-PLN inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin. In addition to microtubule depolymerization, the antiproliferative mechanism of Cu-PLN involved induction of reactive oxygen species, reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects of Cu-PLN reduced significantly in cells pre-treated with N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting that reactive oxygen species generation is crucial in Cu-PLN's mode of action. Thus, the complexation of plumbagin with copper yields a promising antitumor agent having a stronger antiproliferative activity than cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Mukherjee
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avishkar V. Sawant
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shweta S. Prassanawar
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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13
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Baldissera FG, Fazolo T, da Silva MB, de Santana Filho PC, da Silva VD, Rivillo Perez DM, Klitzke JS, de Oliveira Soares EG, Rodrigues Júnior LC, Peres A, Dallegrave E, Navegantes-Lima KC, Monteiro MC, Schrekker HS, Torres Romão PR. Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1096312. [PMID: 36733394 PMCID: PMC9886892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h - C10MImMeS (IC50 L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50 L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50 L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50 L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Giesel Baldissera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fazolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brasil da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Santana Filho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Demétrio da Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Max Rivillo Perez
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice Sandra Klitzke
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Giovanni de Oliveira Soares
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kely Campos Navegantes-Lima
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence: Henri Stephan Schrekker, ; Marta Chagas Monteiro,
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence: Henri Stephan Schrekker, ; Marta Chagas Monteiro,
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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14
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Nath S, Patra D, Nag A, Kundu R. Sesquiterpenoid-rich Java Ginger rhizome extract prompts autophagic cell death in cervical cancer cell SiHa mainly by modulating cellular redox homeostasis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 36532858 PMCID: PMC9751246 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Java Ginger or Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. has long gained focus among tribal people of Java, for its medicinal properties mainly against gynaecological challenges. The present study aims to identify the most potent phytocompound present in the extract and determine primary mode of action accountable for cytotoxic activity of Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizome extract against HPV16-positive SiHa cervical cancer cells. The phytochemically-rich extract of rhizome (CZM) was capable to inhibit proliferation of target cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 150 μg/ml. Dysregulation of intercellular antioxidant defence system resulted to surges in ROS and RNS level, increased calcium concentration and compromised mitochondrial membrane potential. Nucleus got affected, cell cycle dynamics got impaired while clonogenicity and migration ability diminished. Expression of viral oncogenes E7 and E6 decreased significantly. Accumulation of toxic cell metabolite and decrease in level of essential ones continued. Finally, alteration in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling route was followed by onset of autophagic cell death concomitant with the upregulated expression of Beclin1, Atg5-12 and LC3II. Curcumin and a novel crystal as well as few phyto-fractions were isolated by column chromatography. Of these, curcumin was found to be most potent in inducing cytotoxicity in SiHa while two other fractions also showed significant activity. Thus, CZM acted against SiHa cells by inducing autophagy that commences in compliance to the changes in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mainly in response to oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. inducing autophagy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03415-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nath
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
| | - Debashis Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Taki Government College, Taki, 743426 West Bengal India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029 Karnataka India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
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15
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Regorafenib and Ruthenium Complex Combination Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting PI3K/AKT/ERK Signalling in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010686. [PMID: 36614133 PMCID: PMC9820863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading cause of lethality worldwide, CRC being the third most common cancer reported worldwide, with 1.85 million cases and 850,000 deaths annually. As in all other cancers, kinases are one of the major enzymes that play an essential role in the incidence and progression of CRC. Thus, using multi-kinase inhibitors is one of the therapeutic strategies used to counter advanced-stage CRC. Regorafenib is an FDA-approved drug in the third-line therapy of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Acquired resistance to cancers and higher toxicity of these drugs are disadvantages to the patients. To counter this, combination therapy is used as a strategy where a minimal dose of drugs can be used to get a higher efficacy and reduce drug resistance development. Ruthenium-based compounds are observed to be a potential alternative to platinum-based drugs due to their significant safety and effectiveness. Formerly, our lab reported Ru-1, a ruthenium-based compound, for its anticancer activity against multiple cancer cells, such as HepG2, HCT116, and MCF7. This study evaluates Ru-1's activity against regorafenib-resistant HCT116 cells and as a combination therapeutic with regorafenib. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the effect of Ru-1 alone and with regorafenib as a combination is still unknown. In this study, we tested a drug combination (Ru-1 and regorafenib) against a panel of HT29, HCT116, and regorafenib-resistant HCT116 cells. The combination showed a synergistic inhibitory activity. Several mechanisms underlying these numerous synergistic activities, such as anti-proliferative efficacy, indicated that the combination exhibited potent cytotoxicity and enhanced apoptosis induction. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased migratory cell properties were observed. The combination exhibited its activity by regulating PI3K/Akt and p38 MAP kinase signalling. This indicates that the combination of REG/Ru-1 targets cancer cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt and ERK signalling.
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16
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Balaji S, Neupane R, Malla S, Khupse R, Amawi H, Kumari S, Tukaramrao DB, Chattopadhyay S, Ashby CR, Boddu SHS, Karthikeyan C, Trivedi P, Raman D, Tiwari AK. IND-2, a Quinoline Derivative, Inhibits the Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Inhibiting Topoisomerase II. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111879. [PMID: 36431014 PMCID: PMC9693996 DOI: 10.3390/life12111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In men, prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer, causing an estimated 375,000 deaths globally. Currently, existing therapies for the treatment of PC, notably metastatic cases, have limited efficacy due to drug resistance and problematic adverse effects. Therefore, it is imperative to discover and develop novel drugs for treating PC that are efficacious and do not produce intolerable adverse or toxic effects. Condensed quinolines are naturally occurring anticancer compounds. In this study, we determined the in vitro efficacy of IND-2 (4-chloro-2-methylpyrimido[1″,2″:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolone) in the PC lines, PC-3 and DU-145. IND-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of PC-3 and DU-145, with IC50 values of 3 µM and 3.5 µM, respectively. The incubation of PC-3 cells with 5 and 10 µM of IND-2 caused the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, IND-2, at 5 µM, increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The incubation of PC-3 cells with 5 µM of IND-2 significantly decreased the expression of the apoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Furthermore, 5 and 10 µM of IND-2 produced morphological changes in PC-3 cells characteristic of apoptosis. Interestingly, IND-2 (2.5, 5 and 10 µM) also induced mitotic catastrophe in PC-3 cells, characterized by the accumulation of multinuclei. The incubation of DU-145 cells with 1.25 and 5 μM of IND-2 significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, IND-2, at 10 μM, inhibited the catalytic activity of topoisomerase IIα. Overall, our findings suggest that IND-2 could be a potential lead compound for the development of more efficacious compounds for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnaa Balaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rahul Khupse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 43551, USA
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Diwakar Bastihalli Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Srestha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY 11432, USA
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-1913
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17
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Prakash PK, Eligar SM, Prakruthi M, Jyothi Lakshmi AS. Comparative assessment of antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of skimmed milk protein hydrolysates and their incorporation in beverage mix. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6414-6422. [PMID: 35562860 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk-derived protein hydrolysates have generated a great deal of interest recently due to their numerous beneficial health effects. However, there are few comparative studies on protein hydrolysates from different dairy species, their production, characterization, and bioactivity. In the present study, skimmed milk from both major and minor dairy species was hydrolyzed with alcalase, and its protein profiles were studied using tricine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase-high protein liquid chromatography. The antioxidant and in vitro immunostimulatory properties were determined. RESULTS Iron chelation activity was highest in hydrolysates of whey (25.00 ± 0.32 mmol L-1 ), casein (25.14 ± 0.34 mmol L-1 ), colostrum (24.52 ± 0.28 mmol L-1 ), and skimmed cattle milk (24.21 ± 0.26 mmol L-1 ). α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride activity was lowest in skimmed donkey milk protein hydrolysates (MPHs) (IC50 : 5.37 ± 0.05 mg mL-1 and 151.59 ± 2.1 mg mL-1 ). Production of nitric oxide and phagocytosis activity in RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell line) was significantly higher among whey and buffalo skimmed milk protein hydrolysate-treated groups as compared with the untreated group. The incorporation of whey protein hydrolysate and skimmed buffalo milk protein hydrolysate were sensorially acceptable at 10% level in beverage mix. CONCLUSION This study comparatively evaluates the antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties of different skimmed MPHs and their potential applications as ingredients in pediatric, geriatric, and other health-promoting foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Prakash
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, India
| | - Sachin M Eligar
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Manikumar Prakruthi
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
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18
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Jadaun P, Seniya C, Pal SK, Kumar S, Kumar P, Nema V, Kulkarni SS, Mukherjee A. Elucidation of Antiviral and Antioxidant Potential of C-Phycocyanin against HIV-1 Infection through In Silico and In Vitro Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101942. [PMID: 36290665 PMCID: PMC9598530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy is the single existing therapy for patients infected with HIV; however, it has drawbacks in terms of toxicity and resistance. Thus, there is a continuous need to explore safe and efficacious anti-retroviral agents. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a phycobiliprotein, which has been known for various biological properties; however, its effect on HIV-1 replication needs revelation. This study aimed to identify the inhibitory effects of C-PC on HIV-1 using in vitro and in silico approaches and to assess its role in the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) during HIV-1 infection. In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of C-PC was assessed on TZM-bl cells through luciferase gene assay against four different clades of HIV-1 strains in a dose-dependent manner. Results were confirmed in PBMCs, using the HIV-1 p24 antigen assay. Strong associations between C-PC and HIV-1 proteins were observed through in silico molecular simulation-based interactions, and the in vitro mechanistic study confirmed its target by inhibition of reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes. Additionally, the generation of mitochondrial ROS was detected by the MitoSOX and DCF-DA probe through confocal microscopy. Furthermore, our results confirmed that C-PC treatment notably subdued the fluorescence in the presence of the virus, thus reduction of ROS and the activation of caspase-3/7 in HIV-1-infected cells. Overall, our study suggests C-PC as a potent and broad in vitro antiviral and antioxidant agent against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Jadaun
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, MH, India
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (A.M.)
| | | | | | - Sanjit Kumar
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, UP, India
| | - Vijay Nema
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, MH, India
| | | | - Anupam Mukherjee
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, MH, India
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (A.M.)
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19
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Thymoquinone incorporated chitosan-sodium alginate / psyllium husk derived biopolymeric composite films: A comparative antibacterial and anticancer profile. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Sharapov MG, Goncharov RG, Parfenyuk SB, Glushkova OV. Effect of Peroxiredoxin 6 on p53 Transcription Factor Level. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:839-849. [PMID: 36171649 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is an important antioxidant enzyme with multiple functions in the cell. Prdx6 neutralizes a wide range of hydroperoxides, participates in phospholipid metabolism and cell membrane repair, and in transmission of intracellular and intercellular signals. Disruption of normal Prdx6 expression in the cell leads to the development of pathological conditions. Decrease in the Prdx6 concentration leads to increase in oxidative damage to the cell. At the same time, hyperproduction of Prdx6 is associated with increase in antioxidant status, suppression of apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Currently, mechanisms of carcinogenic action of peroxiredoxins are poorly understood. In this work we established that the 3-4-fold increase in Prdx6 production in mouse embryonic fibroblast 3T3 cells leads to the 4-5-fold decrease in the level of oncosuppressor p53. At the same time, hyperproduction of Prdx6 leads to the increased expression of RELA and HIF1A, which have oncogenic effects. The 3-4-fold increase in intracellular Prdx6 increases intensity of cell proliferation by 20-30%, promotes increase in antioxidant activity by 30-50%, and increases radioresistance of the transfected 3T3 cells by 30-40%. Increase of the level of intranuclear Prdx6 leads to the decrease in expression of the DNA repair genes in response to radiation, indicating decrease in the genomic DNA damage. This work discusses possible molecular mechanisms of p53 suppression during Prdx6 hyperproduction, which could be used in the development of new approaches in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Ruslan G Goncharov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Svetlana B Parfenyuk
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Olga V Glushkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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21
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Mehraj U, Mir IA, Hussain MU, Alkhanani M, Wani NA, Mir MA. Adapalene and Doxorubicin Synergistically Promote Apoptosis of TNBC Cells by Hyperactivation of the ERK1/2 Pathway Through ROS Induction. Front Oncol 2022; 12:938052. [PMID: 35875119 PMCID: PMC9298514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.938052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent to treat several malignancies, including aggressive tumors like triple-negative breast cancer. It has a limited therapeutic index owing to its extreme toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. As a result, there is a pressing need to find innovative drugs that enhance the effectiveness of doxorubicin while minimizing its toxicity. The rationale of the present study is that combining emerging treatment agents or repurposed pharmaceuticals with doxorubicin might increase susceptibility to therapeutics and the subsequent establishment of improved pharmacological combinations for treating triple-negative breast cancer. Additionally, combined treatment will facilitate dosage reduction, reducing the toxicity associated with doxorubicin. Recently, the third-generation retinoid adapalene was reported as an effective anticancer agent in several malignancies. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of adapalene in TNBC cells and its effectiveness in combination with doxorubicin, and the mechanistic pathways in inhibiting tumorigenicity. Adapalene inhibits tumor cell growth and proliferation and acts synergistically with doxorubicin in inhibiting growth, colony formation, and migration of TNBC cells. Also, the combination of adapalene and doxorubicin enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species triggering hyperphosphorylation of Erk1/2 and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that adapalene is a promising antitumor agent that may be used as a single agent or combined with present therapeutic regimens for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mahboob Ul Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Emergency Service Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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22
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Salaverry LS, Lombardo T, Cabral-Lorenzo MC, Gil-Folgar ML, Rey-Roldán EB, Kornblihtt LI, Blanco GA. Metabolic plasticity in blast crisis-chronic myeloid leukaemia cells under hypoxia reduces the cytotoxic potency of drugs targeting mitochondria. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:60. [PMID: 35802257 PMCID: PMC9270554 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming (MR) influences progression of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) to blast crisis (BC), but metabolic programs may change transiently in a second dimension (metabolic plasticity, MP), driven by environments as hypoxia, affecting cytotoxic potency (CPot) of drugs targeting mitochondria or mitochondria-related cell stress responses (MRCSR) such as mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. We assessed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial mass (MM), apoptosis, glucose uptake (GU), and CPot of arsenic trioxide (ATO), CCCP, valproic acid (VPA), vincristine (VCR), Mdivi1, and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in CML BC cells K562 (BC-K562) under hypoxia through flow cytometry, and gene expression from GEO database. About 60% of untreated cells were killed after 72 h under hypoxia, but paradoxically, all drugs but ATO rescued cells and increased survival rates to almost 90%. Blocking mitophagy either with VCR or Mdivi1, or increasing mitochondrial biogenesis with VPA enhanced cell-survival with increased MM. DCA increased MM and rescued cells in spite of its role in activating pyruvate dehydrogenase and Krebs cycle. Cells rescued by DCA, VPA and CCCP showed decreased GU. ATO showed equal CPot in hypoxia and normoxia. MP was evidenced by differential expression of genes (DEG) under hypoxia related to Krebs cycle, lipid synthesis, cholesterol homeostasis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis (GSE144527). A 25-gene MP-signature of BC-K562 cells under hypoxia identified BC cases among 113 transcriptomes from CML patients (GSE4170). We concluded that hypoxic environment drove a MP change evidenced by DEG that was reflected in a paradoxical pro-survival, instead of cytotoxic, effect of drugs targeting mitochondria and MRCSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana S Salaverry
- Department of Immunology IDEHU-CONICET, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Lombardo
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology (LaITo), IDEHU-CONICET, Clinics Hospital, Jose de San Martin, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junin 956 4to piso, Capital Federal (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Cabral-Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Clinics Hospital, Jose de San Martin, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin L Gil-Folgar
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology (LaITo), IDEHU-CONICET, Clinics Hospital, Jose de San Martin, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junin 956 4to piso, Capital Federal (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela B Rey-Roldán
- Department of Immunology IDEHU-CONICET, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I Kornblihtt
- Department of Hematology, Clinics Hospital, Jose de San Martin, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Blanco
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology (LaITo), IDEHU-CONICET, Clinics Hospital, Jose de San Martin, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junin 956 4to piso, Capital Federal (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Protective Abilities of an Inhaled DPI Formulation Based on Sodium Hyaluronate against Environmental Hazards Targeting the Upper Respiratory Tract. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071323. [PMID: 35890219 PMCID: PMC9318658 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of lung epithelium to environmental hazards is linked to several chronic respiratory diseases. We assessed the ability of an inhaled dry powder (DPI) medical device product (PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM, SOFAR SpA, Trezzano Rosa, Italy), using a formulation of sodium hyaluronate (Na-Hya) as the key ingredient as a defensive barrier to protect the upper respiratory tract. Specifically, it was evaluated if the presence of the barrier formed by sodium hyaluronate present on the cells, reducing direct contact of the urban dust (UD) with the surface of cells can protect them in an indirect manner by the inflammatory and oxidative process started in the presence of the UD. Cytotoxicity and the protection capability against the oxidative stress of the product were tested in vitro using Calu-3 cells exposure to UD as a trigger for oxidative stress. Inflammation and wound healing were assessed using an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture model of the Calu-3 cells. Deposition studies of the formulation were conducted using a modified Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the monodose PillHaler® dry powder inhaler (DPI) device, Na-Hya was detected and quantified using high-performance-liquid-chromatography (HPLC). Solubilised PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM gives protection against oxidative stress in Calu-3 cells in the short term (2 h) without any cytotoxic effects. ALI culture experiments, testing the barrier-forming (non-solubilised) capabilities of PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM, showed that the barrier layer reduced inflammation triggered by UD and the time for wound closure compared to Na-Hya alone. Deposition experiments using the ACI and the PillHaler® DPI device showed that the majority of the product was deposited in the upper part of the respiratory tract. Finally, the protective effect of the product was efficacious for up to 24 h without affecting mucus production. We demonstrated the potential of PolmonYDEFENCE/DYFESATM as a preventative barrier against UD, which may aid in protecting the upper respiratory tract against environmental hazards and help with chronic respiratory diseases.
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24
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The Effect of Low-Energy Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation on Erythropoiesis and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126692. [PMID: 35743135 PMCID: PMC9223873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a commonly observed consequence of whole-body exposure to a dose of X-ray or gamma irradiation of the order of the mean lethal dose in mammals, and it is an important factor for the determination of the survival of animals. The aim of this study was to unravel the effect of laser-driven ultrashort pulsed electron beam (UPEB) irradiation on the process of erythropoiesis and the redox state in the organism. Wistar rats were exposed to laser-driven UPEB irradiation, after which the level of oxidative stress and the activities of different antioxidant enzymes, as well as blood smears, bone marrow imprints and sections, erythroblastic islets, hemoglobin and hematocrit, hepatic iron, DNA, and erythropoietin levels, were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days after irradiation. Despite the fact that laser-driven UPEB irradiation requires quite low doses and repetition rates to achieve the LD50 in rats, our findings suggest that whole-body exposure with this new type of irradiation causes relatively mild anemia in rats, with subsequent fast recovery up to the 28th day. Moreover, this novel type of irradiation causes highly intense processes of oxidative stress, which, despite being relatively extinguished, did not reach the physiologically stable level even at the 28th day after irradiation due to the violations in the antioxidant system of the organism.
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25
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Wahia H, Zhang L, Zhou C, Mustapha AT, Fakayode OA, Amanor-Atiemoh R, Ma H, Dabbour M. Pulsed multifrequency thermosonication induced sonoporation in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores and vegetative cells. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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26
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Bustamante C, Díez-Mejía AF, Arbeláez N, Soares MJ, Robledo SM, Ochoa R, Varela-M. RE, Marín-Villa M. In Silico, In Vitro, and Pharmacokinetic Studies of UBMC-4, a Potential Novel Compound for Treating against Trypanosoma cruzi. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060616. [PMID: 35745470 PMCID: PMC9229894 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of Chagas disease, a neglected disease, drives the discovery of new drugs with trypanocidal activity. Consequently, we conducted in vitro studies using UBMC-4, a potential Trypanosoma cruzi AKT-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain inhibitory compound found using bioinformatics tools. The half effective concentration (EC50) on intracellular amastigotes was determined at 1.85 ± 1 μM showing low cytotoxicity (LC50) > 40 μM on human cell lines tested. In order to study the lethal effect caused by the compound on epimastigotes, morphological changes were assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Progressive alterations such as flagellum inactivation, cell size reduction, nuclear structure alteration, condensation of chromatin towards the nuclear periphery, vacuole formation, and mitochondrial swelling with kinetoplast integrity loss were evidenced. In addition, apoptosis-like markers in T. cruzi were assessed by flow cytometry, demonstrating that the effect of UBMC-4 on T. cruzi AKT-like kinase reduced the tolerance to nutritional stress-triggered, apoptosis-like events, including DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial damage, and loss of plasma membrane integrity. After this, UBMC-4 was formulated for oral administration and pharmacokinetics were analyzed in a mouse model. Finally, upon oral administration of 200 mg/kg in mice, we found that a UBMC-4 plasma concentration remaining in circulation beyond 24 h after administration is well described by the two-compartment model. We conclude that UBMC-4 has an effective trypanocidal activity in vitro at low concentrations and this effect is evident in T. cruzi cell structures. In mice, UBMC-4 was well absorbed and reached plasma concentrations higher than the EC50, showing features that would aid in developing a new drug to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bustamante
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Andrés Felipe Díez-Mejía
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Natalia Arbeláez
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Maurilio José Soares
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Sara M. Robledo
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Rodrigo Ochoa
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases, Max Planck Tandem Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Rubén E. Varela-M.
- Grupo (QUIBIO), School of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760032, Colombia;
| | - Marcel Marín-Villa
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.M.-V.)
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27
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Ismail NAS, Lee JX, Yusof F. Platinum Nanoparticles: The Potential Antioxidant in the Human Lung Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050986. [PMID: 35624849 PMCID: PMC9137660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-related conditions associated with lung cells, specifically lung cancer, often lead to a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) can play a role in reversing oxidative stress in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 epithelial lung cell lines. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress in cells, and the ability of PtNPs to lower the oxidative stress in the H2O2 treated epithelial lung cell line was determined. The differential capacity of PtNPs to remove H2O2 was studied through cell viability, nanoparticle uptake, DNA damage, ROS production, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). Results indicated that a higher concentration of PtNPs exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity and was able to reduce DNA damage and quench ROS production in the presence of 350 µM H2O2. All antioxidant enzymes’ activities also increased in the PtNPs treatment. Our data suggested that PtNPs could be a promising antioxidant in the treatment of lung cancer.
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28
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The BCAT1 CXXC Motif Provides Protection against ROS in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040683. [PMID: 35453368 PMCID: PMC9030579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT1) has received attention for its role in myeloid leukaemia development, where studies indicate metabolic adaptations due to BCAT1 up-regulation. BCAT1, like the mitochondria isoform (BCAT2), shares a conserved CXXC motif ~10 Å from the active site. This CXXC motif has been shown to act as a ‘redox-switch’ in the enzymatic regulation of the BCAT proteins, however the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) differs between BCAT isoforms. Studies indicate that the BCAT1 CXXC motif is several orders of magnitude less sensitive to the effects of ROS compared with BCAT2. Moreover, estimation of the reduction mid-point potential of BCAT1, indicates that BCAT1 is more reductive in nature and may possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further characterise the BCAT1 CXXC motif and evaluate its role in acute myeloid leukaemia. Our biochemical analyses show that purified wild-type (WT) BCAT1 protein could metabolise H2O2 in vitro, whereas CXXC motif mutant or WT BCAT2 could not, demonstrating for the first time a novel antioxidant role for the BCAT1 CXXC motif. Transformed U937 AML cells over-expressing WT BCAT1, showed lower levels of intracellular ROS compared with cells over-expressing the CXXC motif mutant (CXXS) or Vector Controls, indicating that the BCAT1 CXXC motif may buffer intracellular ROS, impacting on cell proliferation. U937 AML cells over-expressing WT BCAT1 displayed less cellular differentiation, as observed by a reduction of the myeloid markers; CD11b, CD14, CD68, and CD36. This finding suggests a role for the BCAT1 CXXC motif in cell development, which is an important pathological feature of myeloid leukaemia, a disease characterised by a block in myeloid differentiation. Furthermore, WT BCAT1 cells were more resistant to apoptosis compared with CXXS BCAT1 cells, an important observation given the role of ROS in apoptotic signalling and myeloid leukaemia development. Since CD36 has been shown to be Nrf2 regulated, we investigated the expression of the Nrf2 regulated gene, TrxRD1. Our data show that the expression of TrxRD1 was downregulated in transformed U937 AML cells overexpressing WT BCAT1, which taken with the reduction in CD36 implicates less Nrf2 activation. Therefore, this finding may implicate the BCAT1 CXXC motif in wider cellular redox-mediated processes. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence to suggest that the BCAT1 CXXC motif may contribute to the buffering of ROS levels inside AML cells, which may impact ROS-mediated processes in the development of myeloid leukaemia.
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29
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Dey M, Singh RK. Chronic oral exposure of aluminum chloride in rat modulates molecular and functional neurotoxic markers relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:616-627. [PMID: 35341471 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2058898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum is an environmentally abundant potential neurotoxic agent that may result in oxidative damage to a range of cellular biomarkers. The potential sources of aluminum accumulation in body include drinking water, food, medicines, vaccines, and aluminum cookware utensils etc. The accumulation of aluminum in brain is reported to be associated with cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuronal damage, that may ultimately cause Alzheimer's disease. Since chronic exposure of aluminum leads to its accumulation in brain, so this study was done by a long-term (24 weeks) low dose (20 mg/kg) oral exposure of aluminum chloride in rats. In this chronic model, we have evaluated the major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease including amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) and phosphorylated-tau (p231-tau) protein in brain tissue. Furthermore, we evaluated the level of acetyl cholinesterase activity, inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and oxidative stress biomarkers in rat brain in this model. The neurobehavioral parameters were also assessed in animals by using spontaneous locomotor activity, passive avoidance, rotarod test and novel object recognition test to evaluate alteration in learning, memory and muscle co-ordination. We found that chronic oral exposure of aluminum chloride causes a significant increase in structural hallmarks such as Aβ1-42 and p231-tau levels along with proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), oxidative stress, and a decrease in antioxidant markers such as GSH and catalase. in the brain tissue. These biomarkers significantly affected neurobehavioral parameters in animals. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of chronic aluminum-induced neuronal toxicity in brain with relevance to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangaldeep Dey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli. Transit campus, Bijnour-sisendi road, Sarojini nagar, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli. Transit campus, Bijnour-sisendi road, Sarojini nagar, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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30
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Shang C, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Lu J, Ge C, Zhang C, Li N, Jin N, Li Y, Tian M, Li X. SARS-CoV-2 Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy Impairment. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:780768. [PMID: 35069483 PMCID: PMC8770829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, which is essential for adequate innate immune response, energy metabolism and mitochondria reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, might be in the cross fire of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and host cell defense. However, little is known about interactions between mitochondria and SARS-CoV-2. We performed fluorescent microscopy and found an enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 replication products double stranded RNA (dsRNA) within mitochondria. The entry process of dsRNA might be mediated by Tom20 as observed by reduced mitochondrial localization of SARS-CoV-2 dsRNA in Tom20 knockdown cells. Importantly, decreased mitochondrial localization of dsRNA, as well as mitochondrial membrane stabilizers mdivi-1 and cyclosporin A, inhibited viral load in cells. Next, we detected mitochondrial dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, including mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and increased ROS release. In response to mitochondrial damage, we observed an increase in expression and mitochondrial accumulation of Pink1 and Parkin proteins, as well as Pink-1-mediated recruitment of P62 to mitochondria, suggesting initiated mitophagy for mitochondrial quality control and virus clearance. Nevertheless, we observed that mitophagy was inhibited and stayed in early stage with an unchanged Hsp60 expression post SARS-CoV-2 infection. This might be one of the anti-autophagy strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and we used co-immunoprecipitation to found that SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibited P62 and LC3 binding which plays a critical role in selective envelopment of substrates into autophagosomes. Our results suggest that mitochondria are closely involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication and mitochondrial homeostasis is disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 in the virus-cell confrontation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chenchen Ge
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China.,Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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31
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Su Y, Lin H, Tu Y, Wang MM, Zhang GD, Yang J, Liu HK, Su Z. Fighting metallodrug resistance through alteration of drug metabolism and blockage of autophagic flux by mitochondria-targeting AIEgens. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1428-1439. [PMID: 35222927 PMCID: PMC8809423 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PPh3-decorated mitochondrial-targeting AIEgens could fight metallodrug resistance through alteration of drug metabolism and blockage of autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guan-Dong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Mondal P, Tiwary N, Sengupta A, Dhang S, Roy S, Das C. Epigenetic Reprogramming of the Glucose Metabolic Pathways by the Chromatin Effectors During Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:269-336. [PMID: 36301498 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism plays a vital role in regulating cellular homeostasis as it acts as the central axis for energy metabolism, alteration in which may lead to serious consequences like metabolic disorders to life-threatening diseases like cancer. Malignant cells, on the other hand, help in tumor progression through abrupt cell proliferation by adapting to the changed metabolic milieu. Metabolic intermediates also vary from normal cells to cancerous ones to help the tumor manifestation. However, metabolic reprogramming is an important phenomenon of cells through which they try to maintain the balance between normal and carcinogenic outcomes. In this process, transcription factors and chromatin modifiers play an essential role to modify the chromatin landscape of important genes related directly or indirectly to metabolism. Our chapter surmises the importance of glucose metabolism and the role of metabolic intermediates in the cell. Also, we summarize the influence of histone effectors in reprogramming the cancer cell metabolism. An interesting aspect of this chapter includes the detailed methods to detect the aberrant metabolic flux, which can be instrumental for the therapeutic regimen of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Niharika Tiwary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Sinjini Dhang
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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33
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Liu Q, Palmgren VA, Danen EHJ, Le Dévédec SE. Acute vs. chronic vs. intermittent hypoxia in breast Cancer: a review on its application in in vitro research. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10961-10973. [PMID: 36057753 PMCID: PMC9618509 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been linked to elevated instances of therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. The exposure of proliferating cancer cells to hypoxia has been shown to induce an aggressive phenotype conducive to invasion and metastasis. Regions of the primary tumors in the breast may be exposed to different types of hypoxia including acute, chronic or intermittent. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), also called cyclic hypoxia, is caused by exposure to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H-R cycles). Importantly, there is currently no consensus amongst the scientific community on the total duration of hypoxia, the oxygen level, and the possible presence of H-R cycles. In this review, we discuss current methods of hypoxia research, to explore how exposure regimes used in experiments are connected to signaling by different hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and to distinct cellular responses in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. We highlight discrepancies in the existing literature on hypoxia research within the field of breast cancer in particular and propose a clear definition of acute, chronic, and intermittent hypoxia based on HIF activation and cellular responses: (i) acute hypoxia is when the cells are exposed for no more than 24 h to an environment with 1% O2 or less; (ii) chronic hypoxia is when the cells are exposed for more than 48 h to an environment with 1% O2 or less and (iii) intermittent hypoxia is when the cells are exposed to at least two rounds of hypoxia (1% O2 or less) separated by at least one period of reoxygenation by exposure to normoxia (8.5% O2 or higher). Our review provides for the first time a guideline for definition of hypoxia related terms and a clear foundation for hypoxia related in vitro (breast) cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria A.C. Palmgren
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik HJ Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ibrahim TS, Hawwas MM, Malebari AM, Taher ES, Omar AM, Neamatallah T, Abdel-Samii ZK, Safo MK, Elshaier YAMM. Discovery of novel quinoline-based analogues of combretastatin A-4 as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors with apoptosis inducing activity and potent anticancer effect. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:802-818. [PMID: 33730937 PMCID: PMC7993375 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1899168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 have been designed, synthesised and demonstrated as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. These novel compounds showed significant antiproliferative activities, among them, 12c exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60, HCT-116 and HeLa) with IC50 ranging from 0.010 to 0.042 µM, and with selectivity profile against MCF-10A non-cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies suggest that 12c can inhibit tubulin polymerisation and cell migration, leading to G2/M phase arrest. Besides, 12c induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependant apoptosis pathway and caused reactive oxygen stress generation in MCF-7 cells. These results provide guidance for further rational development of potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.HighlightsA novel series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 have been designed and synthesised.Compound 12c showed significant antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines.Compound 12c effectively inhibited tubulin polymerisation and competed with [3H] colchicine in binding to tubulin.Compound 12c arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, effectively inducing apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hawwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab S. Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria K. Abdel-Samii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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35
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Bhagavatham SKS, Kannan V, Darshan VMD, Sivaramakrishnan V. Nucleotides modulate synoviocyte proliferation and osteoclast differentiation in macrophages with potential implications for rheumatoid arthritis. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:504. [PMID: 34840926 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
P2 receptors are nucleotide-activated receptors involved in inflammation, cell proliferation osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and their function. They can be potential role players in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our analysis of gene expression datasets of synovial tissue biopsy from the GEO database shows changes in the expression levels of P2 receptors. HIG-82, a synovial fibroblast cell line and RAW 264.7, a macrophage cell line are good in vitro models to study RA. Nucleotide addition experiments showed UDP Glucose significantly increased the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts (HIG-82). Similarly, nucleotides such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), Uridine tri-phosphate (UTP), Uridine di-phosphate (UDP) and Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells. The ADP-induced TRAP could be inhibited by clopidogrel a P2Y12 inhibitor. ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and UDPG also induced osteoclastogenesis as evident from fused multinucleate cells and expression of osteoclast markers (TRAP, Cathepsin K [CTSK]) as determined by Q-PCR. Apyrase (APY) a nucleotidase and an enzyme that is used to modulate extracellular nucleotide concentration is sufficient to induce osteoclastogenesis. Taken together our results show that nucleotides modulate synoviocyte proliferation and macrophage differentiation into osteoclast and play an important role in RA. Nucleotide receptors might be potential therapeutic targets in RA. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03052-8.
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36
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Piña-Olmos S, Dolores-Hernández M, Diaz-Torres R, Ramírez-Bribiesca JE, López-Arellano R, López Barrera LD, Ramírez-Noguera P. Precision-cut liver slices as a model for assess hepatic cellular response of chitosan-glutathione nanoparticles on cultures treated with zilpaterol and clenbuterol. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:313-324. [PMID: 34747310 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.2002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zilpaterol and clenbuterol are two β-adrenergic agonist drugs used in animal production. Both drugs have anabolic effects with advantages on carcass yield. Meanwhile, zilpaterol is approved for animal feed in authorized countries. Clenbuterol is a banned substance due to the risk of toxicity; however, it is still being used in unknown dose levels in many farm species. Therefore, the use and abuse of these substances should be closely monitored, considering the clenbuterol ability and the not proved yet of zilpaterol to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Regarding glutathione which is the main intracellular antioxidant plays detoxification functions on liver metabolism; in this work, it is our interest to know the capacity of chitosan-glutathione nanoparticles (CS/GSH-NP) as a complementary source of exogenous GSH to modify the oxide-reduction status on bovine precision-cut liver slice cultures (PCLS) exposed to clenbuterol and zilpaterol. A single drug assay was performed in first instance by adding clenbuterol, zilpaterol, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP), and CS/GSH-NP. Then combinate drug assay was carried out by testing clenbuterol and zilpaterol combined with CS-NP or CS/GSH-NP. The results showed that both β-adrenergic agonists modify in a dose-dependent manner in oxide-reduction response through ROS generation. The activity or content of glutathione peroxidase activity, intracellular GSH, gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase, aspartate aminotrasnferase and alanine aminotrasnferase were modified. The exogenous GSH delivered by nanoparticles could be used to modulate these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Piña-Olmos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, México
| | - Mariana Dolores-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, México
| | - Roberto Diaz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, México
| | - J Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Posgraduados, Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco Km 36.5, Montecillo, Estado de México, México
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, México
| | - Laura Denise López Barrera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, México
| | - Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, México
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Data on Connexin 43 hemichannels regulation of cellular redox in lens. Data Brief 2021; 39:107572. [PMID: 34825036 PMCID: PMC8605047 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a dataset that is related to the research paper “Connexin hemichannels regulate redox potential via metabolite exchange and protect lens against cellular oxidative damage”. Growing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress is a key event in cataract formation. Hemichannels (HCs) formed by Connexin (Cx) 43, a Cx subtype only present in the epithelium of lens tissue, mediate the exchange of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments, including redox-related metabolic molecules, such as glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we used a Cx43 heterozygous mouse model, Cx43E2 antibody (a specific Cx43 HC blocker), and knocked down Cx43 expression by siRNA in human lens epithelial HLE-B3 cells to assess the oxidative response of Cx43 HCs to H2O2 and UVB radiation. Western blot analysis of heterozygous Cx43-null (Cx43+/−) mouse lenses showed the haploinsufficiency of Cx43 protein. We further assessed anti-oxidative gene expression in response to H2O2 and UVB radiation treatment in the Cx43-deficient lens epithelial cells. This dataset will be useful for understanding the critical role of Cx43 HCs in maintaining redox homeostasis in the lens under oxidative stress.
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Hatstat AK, Pupi MD, Reinhart MC, McCafferty DG. Small Molecule Improvement of Trafficking Defects in Models of Neurodegeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3972-3984. [PMID: 34652126 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted cellular trafficking and transport processes are hallmarks of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Recently, efforts have been made toward developing and implementing experimental platforms to identify small molecules that may help restore normative trafficking functions. There have been a number of successes in targeting endomembrane trafficking with the identification of compounds that restore cell viability through rescue of protein transport and trafficking. Here, we describe some of the experimental platforms implemented for small molecule screening efforts for rescue of trafficking defects in neurodegeneration. A survey of phenotypically active small molecules identified to date is provided, including a summary of medicinal chemistry efforts and insights into putative targets and mechanisms of action. In particular, emphasis is put on ligands that demonstrate activity in more than one model of neurodegeneration as retention of phenotypic activity across ND models suggests conservation of biological targets across NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Katherine Hatstat
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael D. Pupi
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michaela C. Reinhart
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Dewey G. McCafferty
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Kara M, Alparslan ED, Öztaş E, Erdoğan ÖN. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Evaluation of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Methanolic Extract in Hepg2 and Caco2 Cells. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:604-608. [PMID: 34719188 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Traditional treatment methods are becoming popular and commonly used in many societies and have become the first treatment option for most people. While some of these methods are helpful, they can interact with medications the patient is taking for another disease and cause a variety of life-threatening risks. Valerian (catweed) plant is used in traditional medicine as a sleep aid due to its sedative effects. Valerian may also exert anticancer effect in vitro. Materials and Methods In this study, the cytotoxicty and oxidative stress effects of valerian root extract were evaluated in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (Hepg2) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco2) cell lines. The cytotoxicity was evaluated via the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test. Total reactive oxygen species analysis was performed via a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay in flow cytometry. Results Inhibition concentration 50 values were calculated as 936.6 and 1097.5 µg/mL in the Hepg2 and Caco2 cell lines, respectively. It was observed that valerian root extract did not induce oxidative stress in HepG2 and Caco2 cell lines. Conclusion These results indicate that the use of valerian root extract as an alternative method in cancer treatment may not be effective and may cause a risk for public health. On the other hand, it may be safe at recommended tolerated concentrations since it does not cause oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kara
- İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Dilara Alparslan
- İstanbul Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Öztaş
- İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Nazan Erdoğan
- İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Management, İstanbul, Turkey
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Kukula-Koch W, Szwajgier D, Gaweł-Bęben K, Strzępek-Gomółka M, Głowniak K, Meissner HO. Is Phytomelatonin Complex Better Than Synthetic Melatonin? The Assessment of the Antiradical and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:6087. [PMID: 34641628 PMCID: PMC8512846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to assess the recently established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of melatonin of plant origin extracted from the plant matrix as a phytomelatonin complex (PHT-MLT), and compare its activity with synthetic melatonin (SNT-MLT) when used on its own or with vitamin C. For this purpose, a COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity test, an antiradical activity in vitro and on cell lines assays, was performed on both PHT-MLT and SNT-MLT products. COX-2 inhibitory activity of PHT-MLT was found to be ca. 6.5 times stronger than that of SNT-MLT (43.3% and 6.7% enzyme inhibition, equivalent to the activity of acetylsalicylic acid in conc. 30.3 ± 0.2 and 12.0 ± 0.3 mg/mL, respectively). Higher antiradical potential and COX-2 inhibitory properties of PHT-MLT could be explained by the presence of additional naturally occurring constituents in alfalfa, chlorella, and rice, which were clearly visible on the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS fingerprint. The antiradical properties of PHT-MLT determined in the DPPH test (IC50 of 21.6 ± 1 mg of powder/mL) were found to originate from the presence of other metabolites in the 50% EtOH extract while SNT-MLT was found to be inactive under the applied testing conditions. However, the antioxidant studies on HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with H2O2 revealed a noticeable activity in all samples. The presence of PHT-MLT (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL) and vitamin C (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL) in the H2O2-pretreated HaCaT keratinocytes protected the cells from generating reactive oxygen species. This observation confirms that MLT-containing samples affect the intracellular production of enzymes and neutralize the free radicals. Presented results indicated that MLT-containing products in combination with Vitamin C dosage are worth to be considered as a preventive alternative in the therapy of various diseases in the etiopathogenesis, of which radical and inflammatory mechanisms play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medicinal University in Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcelina Strzępek-Gomółka
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.G.)
| | - Kazimierz Głowniak
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego Str., 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (M.S.-G.); (K.G.)
| | - Henry O. Meissner
- Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd., 39 Leopard Ave., Gold Coast 4221, Australia;
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Rasool F, Sharma D, Anand PS, Magani SKJ, Tantravahi S. Evaluation of the Anticancer Properties of Geranyl Isovalerate, an Active Ingredient of Argyreia nervosa Extract in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:698375. [PMID: 34616295 PMCID: PMC8489534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.698375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a general treatment procedure for cancer. The diversity in cancer incidence and the failure of therapy due to chemoresistance lead to increased cancer-related deaths. Therefore, new drugs with fewer secondary complications targeting diverse pathways are the need of the hour. Geranyl isovalerate (GIV), one of the active ingredients of ethyl acetate fraction of Argyreia nervosa is routinely used as a food flavoring agent. In this study, we found that GIV also exhibits anticancer activity when tested against the HCT116 cell line. It influenced the viability of the cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We examined whether GIV could induce oxidative stress and affect the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby leading to apoptosis induction. Moreover, GIV could suppress the expression of antiapoptotic genes, such as BCl2 and PARP, and induce the expression of proapoptotic genes, such as Caspase 3 and 9. This is the first study demonstrating the anticancer activity of GIV and providing evidence for its mechanism of action. In conclusion, this study proposes GIV as a potential lead or supplementary molecule in treating and preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on our findings, we conclude that GIV may be a viable lead or supplementary molecule for treating and preventing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayyaz Rasool
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Deepu Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - P. Shanmukha Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - SKJ Magani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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Oxidative Stress Enhances Autophagy-Mediated Death Of Stem Cells Through Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway - Implications For Neurotransplantations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2347-2358. [PMID: 34487308 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are becoming increasingly popular solutions for neurological disorders. However, there is a lower survival rate of these cells after transplantation. Oxidative stress is linked to brain damage, and it may also impact transplanted stem cells. To better understand how transplanted cells respond to oxidative stress, the current study used H2O2. We briefly illustrated that exogenous H2O2 treatment exaggerated oxidative stress in the human dental pulp and mesenchymal stem cells. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), MitoSOX confirms the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement, which was remarkably subsided by the ROS inhibitors. The findings showed that H2O2 activates autophagy by enhancing pro-autophagic proteins, Beclin1 and Atg7. Increased LC3II/I expression (which co-localized with lysosomal proteins, LAMP1 and Cathepsin B) showed that H2O2 treatment promoted autophagolysosome formation. In the results, both Beclin1 and Atg7 were observed co-localized in mitochondria, indicating their involvement in mitophagy. The evaluation of Erk1/2 in the presence and absence of Na-Pyruvate, PEG-Catalase, and PD98059 established ROS-Erk1/2 participation in autophagy regulation. Further, these findings showed a link between apoptosis and autophagy. The results conclude that H2O2 acts as a stressor, promoting autophagy and mitophagy in stem cells under oxidative stress. The current study may help understand better cell survival and death approaches for transplanted cells in various neurological diseases. The current study uses human Dental Pulp and Mesenchymal Stem cells to demonstrate the importance of H2O2-driven autophagy in deciding the fate of these cells in an oxidative microenvironment. To summarise, we discovered that exogenous H2O2 treatment causes oxidative stress. Exogenous H2O2 treatment also increased ROS production, especially intracellular H2O2. H2O2 stimulated the ErK1/2 signaling pathway and autophagy. Erk1/2 was found to cause autophagy. Further, the function of mitophagy appeared to be an important factor in the H2O2-induced regulation of these two human stem cell types. In a nutshell, by engaging in autophagy nucleation, maturation, and terminal phase proteins, we elucidated the participation of autophagy in cell dysfunction and death.
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Suciu M, Porav S, Radu T, Rosu MC, Lazar MD, Macavei S, Socaci C. Photodynamic effect of light emitting diodes on E. coli and human skin cells induced by a graphene-based ternary composite. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 223:112298. [PMID: 34474299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the photodynamic effect of a ternary nanocomposite (TiO2-Ag/graphene) on Escherichia coli bacteria and two human cell lines: A375 (melanoma) and HaCaT (keratinocyte) after exposure to different wavelength domains (blue, green or red-Light Emitting Diode, LED) was analyzed. The results obtained through bioassays were correlated with the morphological, structural and spectral data obtained through FT-IR, XPS and UV-Vis spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) and STEM/EDX techniques, leading to conclusions that showed different photodynamic activation mechanisms and effects on bacteria and human cells, depending on the wavelength. The nanocomposite proved a therapeutic potential for blue light-activated antibacterial treatment and revealed a keratinocyte cytotoxic effect under blue and green LEDs. The red light-nanocomposite duo gave a metabolic boost to normal keratinocytes and induced stasis to melanoma cells. The light and nanocomposite combination could be a potential therapy for bacterial keratosis or for skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suciu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Biology and Geology Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Porav
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Radu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcela C Rosu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela D Lazar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Macavei
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Socaci
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103 Str., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Bhatt SK, Javagal RM, Nanjarajurs MS, Eligar SM. In vitro anti-inflammatory property of a Quercetin-3-O-diglucoside-7-O-glucoside characterized from fresh leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1969946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kavya Bhatt
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - R. Manjunatha Javagal
- Department of Spices and Flavour Sciences, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - M. Shashirekha Nanjarajurs
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Sachin M. Eligar
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Czarnecka J, Kwiatkowski M, Wiśniewski M, Roszek K. Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158136. [PMID: 34360901 PMCID: PMC8347256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative properties of nanomaterials arouse legitimate concerns about oxidative damage in biological systems. On the other hand, the undisputable benefits of nanomaterials promote them for biomedical applications; thus, the strategies to reduce oxidative potential are urgently needed. We aimed at analysis of nitrogen-containing carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) in terms of their biocompatibility and internalization by different cells. Surprisingly, N-CQD uptake does not contribute to the increased oxidative stress inside cells and lacks cytotoxic influence even at high concentrations, primarily through protein corona formation. We proved experimentally that the protein coating effectively limits the oxidative capacity of N-CQDs. Thus, N-CQDs served as an immobilization support for three different enzymes with the potential to be used as therapeutics. Various kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes were analyzed. Regardless of the enzyme structure and type of reaction catalyzed, adsorption on the nanocarrier resulted in increased catalytic efficiency. The enzymatic-protein-to-nanomaterial ratio is the pivotal factor determining the course of kinetic parameter changes that can be tailored for enzyme application. We conclude that the above properties of N-CQDs make them an ideal support for enzymatic drugs required for multiple biomedical applications, including personalized medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.W.); (K.R.)
| | - Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.W.); (K.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.W.); (K.R.)
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Bhagavatham SKS, Khanchandani P, Kannan V, Potikuri D, Sridharan D, Pulukool SK, Naik AA, Dandamudi RB, Divi SM, Pargaonkar A, Ray R, Santha SSR, Seshagiri PB, Narasimhan K, Gumdal N, Sivaramakrishnan V. Adenosine deaminase modulates metabolic remodeling and orchestrates joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15129. [PMID: 34301999 PMCID: PMC8302689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with inflammation and joint remodeling. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), a risk factor in RA, degrades adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule, resulting in an inflammatory bias. We present an integrative analysis of clinical data, cytokines, serum metabolomics in RA patients and mechanistic studies on ADA-mediated effects on in vitro cell culture models. ADA activity differentiated patients into low and high ADA sets. The levels of the cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, TGFβ and sRANKL were elevated in RA and more pronounced in high ADA sets. Serum metabolomic analysis shows altered metabolic pathways in RA which were distinct between low and high ADA sets. Comparative analysis with previous studies shows similar pathways are modulated by DMARDs and biologics. Random forest analysis distinguished RA from control by methyl-histidine and hydroxyisocaproic acid, while hexose-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate distinguished high ADA from low ADA. The deregulated metabolic pathways of High ADA datasets significantly overlapped with high ADA expressing PBMCs GEO transcriptomics dataset. ADA induced the death of chondrocytes, synoviocyte proliferation, both inflammation in macrophages and their differentiation into osteoclasts and impaired differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts and mineralization. PBMCs expressing elevated ADA had increased expression of cytokines and P2 receptors compared to synovial macrophages which has low expression of ADA. Our data demonstrates increased cytokine levels and distinct metabolic signatures of RA based on the ADA activity, suggests an important role for ADA in the pathophysiology of RA joints and as a potential marker and therapeutic target in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Srimadh Bhagavatham
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Prakash Khanchandani
- grid.496668.30000 0004 1767 3076Department of Orthopedics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, PG, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Vishnu Kannan
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, 515134 India ,grid.411552.60000 0004 1766 4022Present Address: Department of Botany/Biotechnology, CMS College, Kottayam, 686001 India
| | | | - Divya Sridharan
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - Sujith Kumar Pulukool
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Naik
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Rajesh Babu Dandamudi
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, India ,Present Address: Phenomenex India, Hyderabad, Telangana 500084 India
| | - Sai Mangala Divi
- grid.496668.30000 0004 1767 3076Department of Biochemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, PG, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- grid.464737.50000 0004 1775 153XAgilent Technologies India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, 560048 India
| | - Rahul Ray
- grid.496668.30000 0004 1767 3076Department of Orthopedics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, PG, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Saibharath Simha Reddy Santha
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | - Polani B. Seshagiri
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - K. Narasimhan
- Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
| | | | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- grid.444651.60000 0004 0496 6988Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, 515134 India
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47
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Neupane R, Malla S, Abou-Dahech MS, Balaji S, Kumari S, Waiker DK, Moorthy NSHN, Trivedi P, Ashby CR, Karthikeyan C, Tiwari AK. Antiproliferative Efficacy of N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine, DW-8, in Colon Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Intrinsic Apoptosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154417. [PMID: 34361570 PMCID: PMC8347809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 4-anilinoquinazoline analogues, DW (1–10), were evaluated for anticancer efficacy in human breast cancer (BT-20) and human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT116, HT29, and SW620). The compound, DW-8, had the highest anticancer efficacy and selectivity in the colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116, HT29, and SW620, with IC50 values of 8.50 ± 2.53 µM, 5.80 ± 0.92 µM, and 6.15 ± 0.37 µM, respectively, compared to the non-cancerous colon cell line, CRL1459, with an IC50 of 14.05 ± 0.37 µM. The selectivity index of DW-8 was >2-fold in colon cancer cells incubated with vehicle. We further determined the mechanisms of cell death induced by DW-8 in SW620 CRC cancer cells. DW-8 (10 and 30 µM) induced apoptosis by (1) producing cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase; (2) activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as indicated by the activation of caspase-9 and the executioner caspases-3 and 7; (3) nuclear fragmentation and (4) increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, our results suggest that DW-8 may represent a suitable lead for developing novel compounds to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (S.M.); (M.S.A.-D.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (S.M.); (M.S.A.-D.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Mariam Sami Abou-Dahech
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (S.M.); (M.S.A.-D.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Swapnaa Balaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (S.M.); (M.S.A.-D.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (S.M.); (M.S.A.-D.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal 462033, India;
| | | | - Piyush Trivedi
- Center of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune 411030, India;
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA;
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak 484887, India;
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (A.K.T.); Tel.: +91-7587521152 (C.K.); +1-419-383-1913 (A.K.T.); Fax: +1-419-383-1909 (A.K.T.)
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.N.); (S.M.); (M.S.A.-D.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
- Department Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (A.K.T.); Tel.: +91-7587521152 (C.K.); +1-419-383-1913 (A.K.T.); Fax: +1-419-383-1909 (A.K.T.)
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Kumar A, Siddiqi NJ, Alrashood ST, Khan HA, Dubey A, Sharma B. Protective effect of eugenol on hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by cadmium in male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111588. [PMID: 33862491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals. The prolonged exposure of it can lead to severe alterations and damage in different tissues including blood, liver, kidney and brain. Eugenol, a phenolic compound, is present in various aromatic plants. It acts as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment of eugenol is beneficial against the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation induced by Cd. METHODS To study the effect of eugenol in reversal of Cd toxicity, 24 albino rats were equally divided into four different groups: G1 Control (saline), G2 Eugenol (3 mg kg-1), G3 CdCl2 (5 mg kg-1) and G4 CdCl2 + Eugenol (5 mg kg-1 + 3 mg kg-1). All the groups were treated with gavage orally for the period of 21 days. After this treatment period, rats were sacrificed and liver tissues were removed. The hepatic antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring the activities of SOD, Catalase and GST enzymes. The reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl oxidation (PCO) and thiol contents were measured in hepatic tissues. The activities of liver marker enzymes such as ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, TP, albumin, Bilirubin content and LDH were determined to assess the hepatic damage in different groups. Cd induced hepatic inflammation was determined by evaluating the levels of TNF-a, IL-6 and NO. RESULTS Oral intoxication of Cd for 21 days significantly elevated the level of hepatic markers including activities of LDH, GGT, ALP, ALT, AST and Bilirubin level. The albumin content, reduced GSH level, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in Cd treated group. The levels of inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in Cd treated group. The eugenol treatment was very effective and it significantly reversed the Cd induced biochemical alterations almost similar to that of control. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the eugenol possessed very strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential. The co-treatment of eugenol with Cd exhibited protective potential of eugenol against Cd induced toxicity. Eugenol was able to improve the cellular redox system in rats treated with Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T Alrashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anchal Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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Sriramajayam K, Peng D, Lu H, Zhou S, Bhat N, McDonald OG, Que J, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Activation of NRF2 by APE1/REF1 is redox-dependent in Barrett's related esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101970. [PMID: 33887608 PMCID: PMC8082268 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major risk factor for the development of metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to acidic bile salts (ABS) in reflux conditions can be lethal to cells. In this study, we investigated the role of APE1/REF1 in regulating nuclear erythroid factor-like 2 (NRF2), the master antioxidant transcription factor, in response to reflux conditions. RESULTS We found that APE1 protein was critical for protecting against cellular ROS levels, oxidative DNA damage, double strand DNA breaks, and cell death in response to conditions that mimic reflux. Analysis of cell lines and de-identified tissues from patients with EAC demonstrated overexpression of both APE1 and NRF2 in EAC cells, as compared to non-neoplastic esophageal cells. Using reflux conditions, we detected concordant and prolonged increases of APE1 and NRF2 protein levels for several hours, following transient short exposure to ABS (20 min). NRF2 transcription activity, as measured by ARE luciferase reporter, and expression of its target genes (HO-1 and TRXND1) were similarly increased in response to ABS. Using genetic knockdown of APE1, we found that APE1 was required for the increase in NRF2 protein stability, nuclear localization, and transcription activation in EAC. Using knockdown of APE1 with reconstitution of wild-type and a redox-deficient mutant (C65A) of APE1, as well as pharmacologic APE1 redox inhibitor (E3330), we demonstrated that APE1 regulated NRF2 in a redox-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that APE1 is required for phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3β, an important player in the NRF2 degradation pathway. CONCLUSION APE1 redox function was required for ABS-induced activation of NRF2 by regulating phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3β. The APE1-NRF2 network played a critical role in protecting esophageal cells against ROS and promoting cell survival under oxidative reflux conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannappan Sriramajayam
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33136, USA
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Oliver G McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33136, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33136, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Morandi F, Bensa V, Calarco E, Pastorino F, Perri P, Corrias MV, Ponzoni M, Brignole C. The Olive Leaves Extract Has Anti-Tumor Effects against Neuroblastoma through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2178. [PMID: 34202787 PMCID: PMC8308225 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of pediatric age. The prognosis for high-risk NB patients remains poor, and new treatment strategies are desirable. The olive leaf extract (OLE) is constituted by phenolic compounds, whose health beneficial effects were reported. Here, the anti-tumor effects of OLE were investigated in vitro on a panel of NB cell lines in terms of (i) reduction of cell viability; (ii) inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest; (iii) induction of apoptosis; and (iv) inhibition of cell migration. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments, by combining OLE with the chemotherapeutic topotecan, were also performed. OLE reduced the cell viability of NB cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in 2D and 3D models. NB cells exposed to OLE underwent inhibition of cell proliferation, which was characterized by an arrest of the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase and by the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0 phase, which is peculiar of apoptotic death. This was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase of Annexin V+ cells (peculiar of apoptosis) and upregulation of caspases 3 and 7 protein levels. Moreover, OLE inhibited the migration of NB cells. Finally, the anti-tumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic topotecan, in terms of cell viability reduction, was greatly enhanced by its combination with OLE. In conclusion, OLE has anti-tumor activity against NB by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration and by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Veronica Bensa
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Enzo Calarco
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabio Pastorino
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Brignole
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (V.B.); (E.C.); (F.P.); (P.P.); (M.V.C.); (M.P.)
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