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Brito-da-Silva G, Manzanares G, Beltrame Barone B, Silva Dos Santos V, Sturion Fillipini S, G Gandra P. Carbohydrate storage in cells: a laboratory activity for the assessment of glycogen stores in biological tissues. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:742-751. [PMID: 38991036 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00023.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates and fats constitute our primary energy sources. The importance of each of these energy substrates varies across cell types and physiological conditions. For example, the brain normally relies almost exclusively on glucose oxidation, whereas skeletal muscle shifts from lipids toward higher carbohydrate oxidation rates as exercise intensity increases. Understanding how carbohydrates are stored in our cells and which tissues contain significant carbohydrate stores is crucial for health professionals, especially given the role of carbohydrate metabolism in various pathophysiological conditions. This laboratory activity uses a simple and low-cost iodine binding method to quantify glycogen in mouse skeletal muscle and liver samples. By integrating the results of this activity with literature data, students can determine overall glycogen storage in the human body. The primary goal of the activity is to enhance students' understanding of the importance and limitations of glycogen stores in energy metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carbohydrates are one of the primary energy sources utilized by our cells. Liver and skeletal muscle glycogen, which are the main carbohydrate reserves in the body, play a central role in energy metabolism, especially during periods of fasting and exercise. In this laboratory activity, students measure glycogen levels in tissues to gain insights into how carbohydrates are stored in our cells and understand the role and limitations of liver and muscle carbohydrate stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Brito-da-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Manzanares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Beltrame Barone
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sturion Fillipini
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Gandra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kleis-Olsen AS, Farlov JE, Petersen EA, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Blom I, Ingersen A, Hansen M, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S. Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14117. [PMID: 38404156 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission. METHODS 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed. RESULTS HT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post-exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT. CONCLUSION Use of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kleis-Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J E Farlov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. [PMID: 38058287 PMCID: PMC10811640 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-synchronized circadian system is a manifestation of an individual's health. A gradual weakening of the circadian timing function characterizes aging. Regular exercise has been suggested as a modality to improve many detrimental changes associated with aging. Therefore, we aim to examine the benefits and risks of lifelong endurance exercise on age-dependent changes in the circadian time-keeping function, the performance of the muscular system and health status. The study protocol has a comparative cross-sectional design, including groups of senior (65 to 75 years old, n=16) and young (20-30 years old, n=16) endurance runners and triathletes. Age-matched groups of young and elderly sedentary men are included as controls. The circadian function is evaluated mainly by measurement of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, a metabolite of the hormone melatonin shown to participate in the modulation of sleep cycles. The 6-sulphatoxymelatonin will be assessed in urine samples collected upon awakening in the morning and in the late evening, as a marker of melatonin production. In addition, sleep/activity rhythms and sleep quality will be measured by wrist actigraphy. Performance of the muscular system will be assessed by examination of muscular strength and quantifying of gene expression in the skeletal muscle tissue samples. Health status and age-induced reduction in immune function are to be analysed via the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune markers in the plasma and skeletal muscle, body composition, bone density and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Berisha
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Michal Zeman
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Matej Vajda
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Ľudmila Oreská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Alena Černáčková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Martin Čupka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences.
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences.
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- University of Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedical Sciences.
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria and 2. Physiko- und Rheumatherapie.
| | - Stefan Lofler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria and 2. Physiko- und Rheumatherapie.
| | - Antonio Musaro
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza.
| | - Katarína Stebelová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
| | - Monika Okuliarová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
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Long DE, Mantuano AJ, Confides AL, Miller BF, Kern PA, Butterfield TA, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Short-term repeated human biopsy sampling contributes to changes in muscle morphology and higher outcome variability. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1403-1414. [PMID: 37705447 PMCID: PMC10979834 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00441.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in skeletal muscle are an important aspect of overall health. The collection of human muscle to study cellular and molecular processes for research requires a needle biopsy procedure which, in itself, can induce changes in the tissue. To investigate the effect of repeat tissue sampling, we collected skeletal muscle biopsy samples from vastus lateralis separated by 7 days. Cellular infiltrate, central nucleation, enlarged extracellular matrix, and rounding of muscle fibers were used as indices to define muscle damage, and we found that 16/26 samples (61.5%) revealed at least two of these symptoms in the secondary biopsy. The presence of damage influenced outcome measures usually obtained in human biopsies. Damaged muscle showed an increase in the number of small fibers even though average fiber and fiber type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA) were not different. This included higher numbers of embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive fibers (P = 0.001) as well as elevated satellite cell number (P = 0.02) in the damaged areas and higher variability in satellite cell count in the total area (P = 0.04). Collagen content was higher in damaged (P = 0.0003) as well as nondamaged areas (P = 0.05) of the muscle sections of the damaged compared with the nondamaged group. Myofibrillar protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) fractional synthesis rates were not significantly different between the damaged compared with the nondamaged group. Results indicate that common outcomes as well as outcome variability in human muscle tissue are affected by previous biopsies. Therefore, the extent of potential damage should be assessed when performing repeated biopsies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Indices of damage can be found in repeated biopsy samples of nonintervened control legs. Variables, directly and not directly related to muscle damage or regeneration, were compromised in second biopsy. There is a need to determine potential damage within muscle tissue when repeated muscle sampling is part of the study design. Muscle biopsy sampling may be a source of increased heterogeneity in human muscle data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Long
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Alessandra J Mantuano
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Timothy A Butterfield
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Mayer KP, Kosmac K, Wen Y, Parry SM, Dhar S, Foster S, Starck J, Montgomery-Yates AA, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Kalema AG. Construct and criterion validity of muscle ultrasonography for assessment of skeletal muscle in patients recovering from COVID-19. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231538. [PMID: 37936579 PMCID: PMC10625915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose was to investigate the content, construct, and criterion validity of muscle ultrasound in a mixed cohort of participants recovering from mild and critical COVID-19. Methods: A secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on data obtained from a battery of muscle and physical function assessments including a muscle biopsy and muscle ultrasonography (US). Rectus femoris (RF) muscle thickness (mT), quadricep complex (QC) mT, RF muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) using 2D freeform trace and estimated from Feret's diameter, and RF echo intensity (EI) were assessed with US. Muscle fiber CSA, fiber type, protein content in muscle fibers, extracellular matrix content (ECM; wheat-germ agglutin), and percent area of collagen in ECM (picrosirius red) were examined from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Spearman rho correlations (r) were performed to assess validity of ultrasound parameters. Results: Thirty-three individuals participated including 11 patients surviving critical COVID-19, 15 individuals recovering from mild-COVID, and 7 controls. There were several significant correlations between RF mT, QC mT, RF CSA, and RF EI with age, comorbid burden, body-mass index, and measures of muscle strength, muscle power, and physical function (range r = 0.35-0.83). RF Feret's CSA correlated to CSA of type II muscle fibers (r = 0.41, p = 0.022) and the average size of all muscle fibers (r = 0.39, p = 0.031). RF EI was correlated with collagen in muscle ECM (r = 0.53, p = 0.003) and protein content in muscle tissue (r = -0.52, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Muscle size and quality measured using US has moderate content and construct validity, and to lesser extent, fair to moderate criterion validity in a mixed cohort of individuals recovering from COVID. Muscle ultrasound quality (EI) appears to be sensitive at detecting muscle dysfunction as it is associated with strength, power, physical function, and collagen distribution in a mixed group of individuals recovering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby P. Mayer
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kate Kosmac
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Selina M. Parry
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanjay Dhar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sarah Foster
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jonathan Starck
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ashley A. Montgomery-Yates
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anna G. Kalema
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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6
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Bizjak DA, Nussbaumer D, Winkert K, Treff G, Takabajashi K, Mentz L, Schober F, Buhl JL, John L, Dreyhaupt J, Steeb L, Harps LC, Parr MK, Diel P, Zügel M, Steinacker JM. Acute Effects of Single Versus Combined Inhaled β2-Agonists Salbutamol and Formoterol on Time Trial Performance, Lung Function, Metabolic and Endocrine Variables. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:79. [PMID: 37640958 PMCID: PMC10462601 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence rates of β2-agonist use among athletes in competitive sports makes it tempting to speculate that illegitimate use of β2-agonists boosts performance. However, data regarding the potential performance-enhancing effects of inhaled β2-agonists and its underlying molecular basis are scarce. METHODS In total, 24 competitive endurance athletes (12f/12m) participated in a clinical double-blinded balanced four-way block cross-over trial to investigate single versus combined effects of β2-agonists salbutamol (SAL) and formoterol (FOR), to evaluate the potential performance enhancement of SAL (1200 µg, Cyclocaps, Pb Pharma GmbH), FOR (36 µg, Sandoz, HEXAL AG) and SAL + FOR (1200 µg + 36 µg) compared to placebo (PLA, Gelatine capsules containing lactose monohydrate, Pharmacy of the University Hospital Ulm). Measurements included skeletal muscle gene and protein expression, endocrine regulation, urinary/serum β2-agonist concentrations, cardiac markers, cardiopulmonary and lung function testing and the 10-min time trial (TT) performance on a bicycle ergometer as outcome variables. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-, post-, 3 h post- and 24 h post-TT. RESULTS Mean power output during TT was not different between study arms. Treatment effects regarding lung function (p < 0.001), echocardiographic (left ventricular end-systolic volume p = 0.037; endocardial global longitudinal strain p < 0.001) and metabolic variables (e.g. NR4A2 and ATF3 pathway) were observed without any influence on performance. In female athletes, total serum β2-agonist concentrations for SAL and FOR were higher. Microarray muscle gene analysis showed a treatment effect for target genes in energy metabolism with strongest effect by SAL + FOR (NR4A2; p = 0.001). Of endocrine variables, follicle-stimulating hormone (3 h Post-Post-TT), luteinizing hormone (3 h Post-Pre-TT) and insulin (Post-Pre-TT) concentrations showed a treatment effect (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS No endurance performance-enhancing effect for SAL, FOR or SAL + FOR within the permitted dosages compared to PLA was found despite an acute effect on lung and cardiac function as well as endocrine and metabolic variables in healthy participants. The impact of combined β2-agonists on performance and sex-specific thresholds on the molecular and cardiac level and their potential long-term performance enhancing or health effects have still to be determined. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at Eudra CT with the number: 2015-005598-19 (09.12.2015) and DRKS with number DRKS00010574 (16.11.2021, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bizjak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dorle Nussbaumer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kay Winkert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gunnar Treff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kensuke Takabajashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Mentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Schober
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmine-Lèonike Buhl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas John
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luise Steeb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas C Harps
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolism, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria K Parr
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolism, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Zügel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Golomb BA, Sanchez Baez R, Schilling JM, Dhanani M, Fannon MJ, Berg BK, Miller BJ, Taub PR, Patel HH. Mitochondrial impairment but not peripheral inflammation predicts greater Gulf War illness severity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10739. [PMID: 37438460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War illness (GWI) is an important exemplar of environmentally-triggered chronic multisymptom illness, and a potential model for accelerated aging. Inflammation is the main hypothesized mechanism for GWI, with mitochondrial impairment also proposed. No study has directly assessed mitochondrial respiratory chain function (MRCF) on muscle biopsy in veterans with GWI (VGWI). We recruited 42 participants, half VGWI, with biopsy material successfully secured in 36. Impaired MRCF indexed by complex I and II oxidative phosphorylation with glucose as a fuel source (CI&CIIOXPHOS) related significantly or borderline significantly in the predicted direction to 17 of 20 symptoms in the combined sample. Lower CI&CIIOXPHOS significantly predicted GWI severity in the combined sample and in VGWI separately, with or without adjustment for hsCRP. Higher-hsCRP (peripheral inflammation) related strongly to lower-MRCF (particularly fatty acid oxidation (FAO) indices) in VGWI, but not in controls. Despite this, whereas greater MRCF-impairment predicted greater GWI symptoms and severity, greater inflammation did not. Surprisingly, adjusted for MRCF, higher hsCRP significantly predicted lesser symptom severity in VGWI selectively. Findings comport with a hypothesis in which the increased inflammation observed in GWI is driven by FAO-defect-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. In conclusion, impaired mitochondrial function-but not peripheral inflammation-predicts greater GWI symptoms and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A Golomb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA.
| | - Roel Sanchez Baez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
- San Ysidro Health Center, San Diego, CA, 92114, USA
| | - Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Mehul Dhanani
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Avidity Biosciences, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - McKenzie J Fannon
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Brinton K Berg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
| | - Bruce J Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
| | - Pam R Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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8
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Newmire DE, Willoughby DS. The Skeletal Muscle Microbiopsy Method in Exercise and Sports Science Research: A Narrative and Methodological Review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1550-1568. [PMID: 35904526 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle microbiopsy protocol was introduced to the Exercise and Sports Science (ESS) research field in 1999 and has been used as a protocol to directly examine muscular structural and biochemical changes. There is much variation in the reporting of the microbiopsy protocol and its related pre-and post-procedure for participant care and sample collection. The purpose of this narrative and methodological review is to compare the microbiopsy to the traditional Bergström protocol used in the ESS field, identify and summarize all related microbiopsy protocols used in previous ESS studies and determine the most frequently used microbiopsy protocols aspects and associated pre- and post-biopsy procedures; METHODS: A review of literature up to January, 2022 was used following the PRISMA and Cochrane Methodological Review Guide to determine frequently used methods that may facilitate optimal and potential recommendations for muscle microbiopsy needle gauge (G), concentration or dose (% or mL) and administration of local anesthetic, co-axial/cannula introducer gauge (G), muscle depth (cm), muscle sample size collected (mg), passes to collect samples, time points of muscle sampling, and promotion of participant compliance and minimization of adverse events; RESULTS: 85 articles were selected based on the inclusionary requirements related to the ESS field or methodological considerations. The most frequently reported aspects in previous research to suggest the location of the vastus lateralis is the midpoint between the patella and the greater trochanter of the femur or 1/3 or 2/3 the distance from the patella to anterior superior iliac spine, 14 G biopsy needle, subcutaneous injected lidocaine administration (2 mL; 1%), 13 G co-axial/cannula, 1-2 cm muscle depth, 10-20 mg of muscle sample, ~3-time points, 2-3 passes; DISCUSSION: There is much variation in the reporting of the microbiopsy protocol and its related pre-and post-biopsy procedures. Standardization in reporting may promote recommendations to optimize data integrity, participant safety, participant adherence to the study design, and increase reproducibility. Recommendations are made for the microbiopsy procedure based on frequently reported characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Newmire
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- School of Health Professions, School of Exercise and Sport Science Mayborn College of Health Sciences, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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9
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Quinlan JI, Dhaliwal A, Williams F, Allen SL, Breen L, Greig CA, Lord JM, Armstrong MJ, Elsharkawy AM. Feasibility, Efficacy, and Safety of Percutaneous Muscle Biopsies in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 12:817152. [PMID: 35242045 PMCID: PMC8886882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.817152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is present in many chronic disease states including decompensated end stage liver disease (ESLD) and non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sarcopenia in ESLD can negatively impact quality of life and increase mortality. Despite this, very little is understood about the mechanisms of sarcopenia in these conditions. One key reason for this is the reluctance to undertake percutaneous muscle biopsies due to the perceived increased risks. ESLD can induce thrombocytopaenia and coagulopathy which significantly increases the risk of bleeding. In addition, patients with either NAFLD or ESLD often have co-morbidities that would require additional care and risk assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish an effective and safe protocol for the implementation of percutaneous muscle biopsies in patients with NAFLD and ESLD. METHODS A total of 47 patients with ESLD and 9 patients with non-cirrhotic NAFLD were recruited from the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (Birmingham, United Kingdom). A total of 71 percutaneous vastus lateralis biopsies were attempted over two study visits. A vigorous safety screening occurred prior to and during each visit and a strict protocol was followed to mitigate against complications and risk. RESULTS A total of 85% of patients consented to the muscle biopsy at either visit (48/56). A total of 9% of consented biopsies could not occur due to medical considerations, including high international normalised ratio (INR) (n = 3) and the use of aspirin (n = 4). Muscle tissue was obtained from 90% of attempts, with a mean average yield (wet weight tissue) of 98.1 ± 52.9 mg. CONCLUSION Percutaneous muscle biopsies are both feasible and yield sufficient tissue in an ESLD population. The procedure is effective for obtaining muscle tissue whilst also safe, with only one adverse event. This study provides evidence for the successful use of muscle biopsies in this population, even in consideration of disease specific complications, medications, and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Quinlan
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amritpal Dhaliwal
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Williams
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie L Allen
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Breen
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A Greig
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Armstrong
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M Elsharkawy
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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10
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McBride JM, Hackmann MJ, Nimphius S, Cense B. In vivo PS-OCT needle probe scan of human skeletal muscle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1386-1397. [PMID: 35414965 PMCID: PMC8973164 DOI: 10.1364/boe.446169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) derived birefringence values effectively identify skeletal muscle structural disruption due to muscular dystrophy and exercise-related muscle damage in animal models in ex vivo tissue. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a PS-OCT needle probe inserted into the leg of a human subject could accurately identify various anatomical structures with implications for use as a diagnostic tool for the determination of skeletal muscle pathology. A healthy middle-aged subject participated in this study. A custom-built PS-OCT system was interfaced with a side-viewing fiber-optic needle probe inserted into the subject's vastus lateralis muscle via a motorized stage for 3D data acquisition via rotation and stepwise pullback. The deepest recorded PS-OCT images correspond to a depth of 6 mm beneath the dermis with structural images showing uniform, striated muscle tissue. Multiple highly birefringent band-like structures with definite orientation representing connective tissue of the superficial aponeurosis appeared as the depth of the needle decreased. Superficial to these structures the dominating appearance was that of adipose tissue and low birefringent but homogeneous scattering tissue. The data indicate that a PS-OCT needle probe can be inserted into live human skeletal muscle for the identification of relevant anatomical structures that could be utilized to diagnose significant skeletal muscle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. McBride
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Australia
- Contributed equally
| | - Michael J. Hackmann
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Contributed equally
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Australia
| | - Barry Cense
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Burghardt KJ, Calme G, Caruso M, Howlett BH, Sanders E, Msallaty Z, Mallisho A, Seyoum B, Qi YA, Zhang X, Yi Z. Profiling the Skeletal Muscle Proteome in Patients on Atypical Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:259. [PMID: 35204022 PMCID: PMC8870450 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) are used in the treatment of severe mental illness. They are associated with several metabolic side effects including insulin resistance. The skeletal muscle is the primary tissue responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Dysfunction of protein regulation within the skeletal muscle following treatment with AAPs may play a role in the associated metabolic side effects. The objective of this study was to measure protein abundance in the skeletal muscle of patients on long-term AAP or mood stabilizer treatment. Cross-sectional muscle biopsies were obtained from patients with bipolar disorder and global protein abundance was measured using stable isotope labeling by amino acid (SILAC) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Sixteen patients completed muscle biopsies and were included in the proteomic analyses. A total of 40 proteins were significantly different between the AAP group and the mood stabilizer group. In-silico pathway analysis identified significant enrichment in several pathways including glucose metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and folate metabolism. Proteome abundance changes also differed based on protein biological processes and function. In summary, significant differences in proteomic profiles were identified in the skeletal muscle between patients on AAPs and mood stabilizers. Future work is needed to validate these findings in prospectively sampled populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Griffin Calme
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Caruso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Bradley H. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Elani Sanders
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Zaher Msallaty
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (Z.M.); (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Abdullah Mallisho
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (Z.M.); (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (Z.M.); (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Yue A. Qi
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
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12
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van den Heuvel A, Lassche S, Mul K, Greco A, San León Granado D, Heerschap A, Küsters B, Tapscott SJ, Voermans NC, van Engelen BGM, van der Maarel SM. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy transcriptome signatures correlate with different stages of disease and are marked by different MRI biomarkers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1426. [PMID: 35082321 PMCID: PMC8791933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With several therapeutic strategies for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) entering clinical testing, outcome measures are becoming increasingly important. Considering the spatiotemporal nature of FSHD disease activity, clinical trials would benefit from non-invasive imaging-based biomarkers that can predict FSHD-associated transcriptome changes. This study investigated two FSHD-associated transcriptome signatures (DUX4 and PAX7 signatures) in FSHD skeletal muscle biopsies, and tested their correlation with a variety of disease-associated factors, including Ricci clinical severity score, disease duration, D4Z4 repeat size, muscle pathology scorings and functional outcome measures. It establishes that DUX4 and PAX7 signatures both show a sporadic expression pattern in FSHD-affected biopsies, possibly marking different stages of disease. This study analyzed two imaging-based biomarkers-Turbo Inversion Recovery Magnitude (TIRM) hyperintensity and fat fraction-and provides insights into their predictive power as non-invasive biomarkers for FSHD signature detection in clinical trials. Further insights in the heterogeneity of-and correlation between-imaging biomarkers and molecular biomarkers, as provided in this study, will provide important guidance to clinical trial design in FSHD. Finally, this study investigated the role of infiltrating non-muscle cell types in FSHD signature expression and detected potential distinct roles for two fibro-adipogenic progenitor subtypes in FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postal zone S-04-P, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Lassche
- Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Karlien Mul
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Greco
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David San León Granado
- Department of Systems Biology, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvère M van der Maarel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Postal zone S-04-P, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Association of muscle fiber composition with health and exercise-related traits in athletes and untrained subjects. Biol Sport 2021; 38:659-666. [PMID: 34937976 PMCID: PMC8670815 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a heterogenous and metabolically active tissue, the composition of which is associated with multiple traits. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are additional health and exercise-related traits associated with muscle fiber composition in athletes and non-athletes. This study recruited 164 Russian participants (51 endurance and 48 power athletes; 65 controls). Vastus lateralis muscle fiber composition was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Slow-twitch muscle fiber percentage (STMF%) was significantly greater in endurance than power athletes and non-athletes, and in non-athlete females than males. STMF% was positively associated with athletes' training frequency, non-athletes' and endurance athletes' age, endurance athletes' competition level and chest depth, and power athletes' training age. STMF% was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure in power athletes and with systolic blood pressure and reaction time in non-athletes. In all participants, STMF% was positively associated with age, tolerance to long distance exercise, chest depth and fracture incidence, and negatively with systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate. Age, sex and training frequency explained 10.6% and 13.2% of the variance in STMF% in endurance and power athletes, respectively. This is one of the most comprehensive studies involving athletes and untrained subjects and provides novel information concerning associations of increased STMF percentage with lower resting heart rate, better tolerance to long distances, faster reaction time and larger chest depth. On the other hand, the increased percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers was associated with rare fracture incidence.
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14
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Bizjak DA, Zügel M, Schumann U, Tully MA, Dallmeier D, Denkinger M, Steinacker JM. Do skeletal muscle composition and gene expression as well as acute exercise-induced serum adaptations in older adults depend on fitness status? BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:697. [PMID: 34911479 PMCID: PMC8672635 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inactive physical behavior among the elderly is one risk factor for cardiovascular disease, immobility and increased all-cause mortality. We aimed to answer the question whether or not circulating and skeletal muscle biomarkers are differentially expressed depending on fitness status in a group of elderly individuals. Methods Twenty-eight elderly individuals (73.36 ± 5.46 years) participated in this exploratory study after participating as part of the multinational SITLESS-clinical trial (implementation of self-management and exercise programs over 16 weeks). A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) and resting skeletal muscle biopsy were performed to determine individual physiological performance capacity. Participants were categorized into a high physical fitness group (HPF) and a low physical fitness group (LPF) depending on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Serum blood samples were taken before (pre) and after (post) CPX and were examined regarding serum BDNF, HSP70, Kynurenine, Irisin and Il-6 concentrations. Skeletal muscle tissue was analyzed by silver staining to determine the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition and selected genes by qRT-PCR. Results HPF showed lower body weight and body fat, while skeletal muscle mass and oxygen uptake at the first ventilatory threshold (VO2T1) did not differ between groups. There were positive associations between VO2peak and VO2VT1 in HPF and LPF. MyHC isoform quantification revealed no differences between groups. qRT-PCR showed higher expression of BDNF and BRCA1 in LPF skeletal muscle while there were no differences in other examined genes regarding energy metabolism. Basal serum concentrations of Irisin were higher in HPF compared to LPF with a trend towards higher values in BDNF and HSP70 in HPF. Increases in Il-6 in both groups were observed post. Conclusions Although no association between muscle composition/VO2peak with fitness status in older people was detected, higher basal Irisin serum levels in HPF revealed slightly beneficial molecular serum and muscle adaptations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02629666. Registered 19 November 2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02666-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bizjak
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Martina Zügel
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Schumann
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark A Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Dhayana Dallmeier
- Agaplesion Bethesda Hospital, Geriatric Medicine Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Geriatric Center Ulm/Alb-Donau, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Michael Denkinger
- Agaplesion Bethesda Hospital, Geriatric Medicine Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Geriatric Center Ulm/Alb-Donau, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Dhaliwal A, Williams FR, Quinlan JI, Allen SL, Greig C, Filer A, Raza K, Ghosh S, Lavery GG, Newsome PN, Choudhary S, Breen L, Armstrong MJ, Elsharkawy AM, Lord JM. Evaluation of the mechanisms of sarcopenia in chronic inflammatory disease: protocol for a prospective cohort study. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 34895316 PMCID: PMC8665319 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several chronic inflammatory diseases co-exist with and accelerate sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength, function and mass) and negatively impact on both morbidity and mortality. There is currently limited research on the extent of sarcopenia in such conditions, how to accurately assess it and whether there are generic or disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential mechanisms driving sarcopenia within chronic inflammatory disease via a multi-modal approach; in an attempt to help define potential interventions for future use. Methods This prospective cohort study will consist of a multi-modal assessment of sarcopenia and its underlying mechanisms. Recruitment will target three chronic inflammatory diseases: chronic liver disease (CLD) (n=50), with a subset of NAFLD (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=50) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=50) both before and after therapeutic intervention. In addition, 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals will be recruited for comparison. Participants will undergo 4 assessment visits at weeks 0, 2, 12 and 24. Visits will consist of the following assessments: blood tests, anthropometrics, functional assessment, quadriceps muscle imaging, actigraphy, quality of life questionnaires, food diary collection and muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (at weeks 2 and 24 only). In addition, stool and urine samples will be collected for future microbiome and metabolomics analysis. Discussion This is the first study to use a multi-modal assessment model to phenotype sarcopenia in these chronic inflammatory diseases. We hope to identify generic as well as disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. We appreciate that these cohorts do require separate standards of care treatments which limit comparison between groups. Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Health Research Authority - West Midlands Solihull Research Ethics Service Committee Authority (REC reference: 18/WM/0167). Recruitment commenced in January 2019 and will continue until July 2021. The study was halted in March 2020 and again in January 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. All data will be stored on a secure server. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04734496
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal Dhaliwal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Felicity R Williams
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan I Quinlan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie L Allen
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Surabhi Choudhary
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew J Armstrong
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ahmed M Elsharkawy
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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16
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Sönmez A, Mustafa R, Ryll ST, Tuorto F, Wacheul L, Ponti D, Litke C, Hering T, Kojer K, Koch J, Pitzer C, Kirsch J, Neueder A, Kreiner G, Lafontaine DLJ, Orth M, Liss B, Parlato R. Nucleolar stress controls mutant Huntington toxicity and monitors Huntington's disease progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1139. [PMID: 34880223 PMCID: PMC8655027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and cellular-stress surveillance deficits are hallmarks of Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a pathological expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. The nucleolus, a dynamic nuclear biomolecular condensate and the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, is implicated in the cellular stress response and in protein quality control. While the exact pathomechanisms of HD are still unclear, the impact of nucleolar dysfunction on HD pathophysiology in vivo remains elusive. Here we identified aberrant maturation of rRNA and decreased translational rate in association with human mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) expression. The protein nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), important for nucleolar integrity and rRNA maturation, loses its prominent nucleolar localization. Genetic disruption of nucleolar integrity in vulnerable striatal neurons of the R6/2 HD mouse model decreases the distribution of mHTT in a disperse state in the nucleus, exacerbating motor deficits. We confirmed NPM1 delocalization in the gradually progressing zQ175 knock-in HD mouse model: in the striatum at a presymptomatic stage and in the skeletal muscle at an early symptomatic stage. In Huntington's patient skeletal muscle biopsies, we found a selective redistribution of NPM1, similar to that in the zQ175 model. Taken together, our study demonstrates that nucleolar integrity regulates the formation of mHTT inclusions in vivo, and identifies NPM1 as a novel, readily detectable peripheral histopathological marker of HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Sönmez
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S./FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Rasem Mustafa
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Salome T Ryll
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim and Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludivine Wacheul
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S./FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Donatella Ponti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Litke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Hering
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kojer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jenniver Koch
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core (INBC), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kirsch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Brain Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Denis L J Lafontaine
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S./FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Linacre & New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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17
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Moreno-Asso A, Altıntaş A, McIlvenna LC, Patten RK, Botella J, McAinch AJ, Rodgers RJ, Barrès R, Stepto NK. Non-cell autonomous mechanisms control mitochondrial gene dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol 2021; 68:63-76. [PMID: 34752415 PMCID: PMC8679849 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance and impaired energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, the aetiology of which is currently unclear. Here, we mapped the gene expression profile of skeletal muscle from women with PCOS and determined if cultured primary myotubes retain the gene expression signature of PCOS in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of vastus lateralis biopsies collected from PCOS women showed lower expression of genes associated with mitochondrial function, while the expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix was higher compared to controls. Altered skeletal muscle mRNA expression of mitochondrial-associated genes in PCOS was associated with lower protein expression of mitochondrial complex II-V, but not complex I, with no difference in mitochondrial DNA content. Transcriptomic analysis of primary myotube cultures established from biopsies did not display any differentially expressed genes between controls and PCOS. Comparison of gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle biopsies and primary myotube cultures showed lower expression of mitochondrial and energy metabolism-related genes in vitro, irrespective of the group. Together, our results show that the altered mitochondrial-associated gene expression in skeletal muscle in PCOS is not preserved in cultured myotubes, indicating that the in vivo extracellular milieu, rather than genetic or epigenetic factors, may drive this alteration. Dysregulation of mitochondrial-associated genes in skeletal muscle by extracellular factors may contribute to the impaired energy metabolism associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Moreno-Asso or R Barrès: or
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luke C McIlvenna
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Botella
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Moreno-Asso or R Barrès: or
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Shatavari Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women Improves Handgrip Strength and Increases Vastus lateralis Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation but Does Not Alter Markers of Bone Turnover. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124282. [PMID: 34959836 PMCID: PMC8708006 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shatavari has long been used as an Ayurvedic herb for women's health, but empirical evidence for its effectiveness has been lacking. Shatavari contains phytoestrogenic compounds that bind to the estradiol receptor. Postmenopausal estradiol deficiency contributes to sarcopenia and osteoporosis. In a randomised double-blind trial, 20 postmenopausal women (68.5 ± 6 years) ingested either placebo (N = 10) or shatavari (N = 10; 1000 mg/d, equivalent to 26,500 mg/d fresh weight shatavari) for 6 weeks. Handgrip and knee extensor strength were measured at baseline and at 6 weeks. Vastus lateralis (VL) biopsy samples were obtained. Data are presented as difference scores (Week 6-baseline, median ± interquartile range). Handgrip (but not knee extensor) strength was improved by shatavari supplementation (shatavari +0.7 ± 1.1 kg, placebo -0.4 ± 1.3 kg; p = 0.04). Myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, a known marker of improved myosin contractile function, was increased in VL following shatavari supplementation (immunoblotting; placebo -0.08 ± 0.5 a.u., shatavari +0.3 ± 1 arbitrary units (a.u.); p = 0.03). Shatavari increased the phosphorylation of Aktser473 (Aktser473 (placebo -0.6 ± 0.6 a.u., shatavari +0.2 ± 1.3 a.u.; p = 0.03) in VL. Shatavari supplementation did not alter plasma markers of bone turnover (P1NP, β-CTX) and stimulation of human osteoblasts with pooled sera (N = 8 per condition) from placebo and shatavari supplementation conditions did not alter cytokine or metabolic markers of osteoblast activity. Shatavari may improve muscle function and contractility via myosin conformational change and further investigation of its utility in conserving and enhancing musculoskeletal function, in larger and more diverse cohorts, is warranted.
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Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112064. [PMID: 34769492 PMCID: PMC8584355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning is a major consequence of a wide range of conditions from spaceflight to a sedentary lifestyle, and occurs as a result of muscle inactivity, leading to a rapid decrease in muscle strength, mass, and oxidative capacity. The early changes that appear in the first days of inactivity must be studied to determine effective methods for the prevention of muscle deconditioning. To evaluate the mechanisms of muscle early changes and the vascular effect of a thigh cuff, a five-day dry immersion (DI) experiment was conducted by the French Space Agency at the MEDES Space Clinic (Rangueil, Toulouse). Eighteen healthy males were recruited and divided into a control group and a thigh cuff group, who wore a thigh cuff at 30 mmHg. All participants underwent five days of DI. Prior to and at the end of the DI, the lower limb maximal strength was measured and muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscle. Five days of DI resulted in muscle deconditioning in both groups. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension decreased significantly. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area decreased significantly by 21.8%, and the protein balance seems to be impaired, as shown by the reduced activation of the mTOR pathway. Measurements of skinned muscle fibers supported these results and potential changes in oxidative capacity were highlighted by a decrease in PGC1-α levels. The use of the thigh cuff did not prevent muscle deconditioning or impact muscle function. These results suggest that the major effects of muscle deconditioning occur during the first few days of inactivity, and countermeasures against muscle deconditioning should target this time period. These results are also relevant for the understanding of muscle weakness induced by muscle diseases, aging, and patients in intensive care.
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20
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Szczerbinski L, Taylor MA, Puchta U, Konopka P, Paszko A, Citko A, Szczerbinski K, Goscik J, Gorska M, Larsen S, Kretowski A. The Response of Mitochondrial Respiration and Quantity in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue to Exercise in Humans with Prediabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113013. [PMID: 34831236 PMCID: PMC8616473 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but its contribution to the early stages of dysglycemia remains poorly understood. By collecting a high-resolution stage-based spectrum of dysglycemia, our study fills this gap by evaluating derangement in both the function and quantity of mitochondria. We sampled mitochondria in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of subjects with progressive advancement of dysglycemia under a three-month exercise intervention. Methods: We measured clinical metabolic parameters and gathered skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies before and after the three-month exercise intervention. We then assayed the number of mitochondria via citrate synthase (CS) activity and functional parameters with high-resolution respirometry. Results: In muscle, there were no differences in mitochondrial quantity or function at baseline between normoglycemics and prediabetics. However, the intervention caused improvement in CS activity, implying an increase in mitochondrial quantity. By contrast in adipose tissue, baseline differences in CS activity were present, with the lowest CS activity coincident with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG + IGT). Finally, CS activity, but few of the functional metrics, improved under the intervention. Conclusions: We show that in prediabetes, no differences in the function or amount of mitochondria (measured by CS activity) in skeletal muscle are apparent, but in adipose tissue of subjects with IFG + IGT, a significantly reduced activity of CS was observed. Finally, metabolic improvements under the exercise correlate to improvements in the amount, rather than function, of mitochondria in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-8150
| | - Mark Alan Taylor
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Urszula Puchta
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Paulina Konopka
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Adam Paszko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Karol Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Steen Larsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
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Wroblewski OM, Nguyen MH, Cederna P, Larkin LM. Impact of Cell-Seeding Density and Cell Confluence on Human Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:420-432. [PMID: 34652973 PMCID: PMC9131361 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering methodologies have the potential to treat volumetric muscle loss (VML) via the growth of exogenous skeletal muscle grafts from small autogenous muscle biopsies. A significant obstacle preventing the widespread use of engineered skeletal muscle grafts in a clinical setting is the high number of skeletal muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells, required for fabrication of human-sized skeletal muscle tissue. Additionally, there is a lack of work adapting engineered constructs created for animal models into skeletal muscle engineered from a primary human skeletal muscle cell source. For this study, we used scaffold-free tissue-engineered skeletal muscle units (SMUs) to determine the impact of cell seeding density on the ability to fabricate functional human engineered skeletal muscle. Following established protocols, human skeletal muscle isolates were cultured into SMUs at five different cell-seeding densities: 1,000 cells/cm2, 2,500 cells/cm2, 5,000 cells/cm2, 10,000 cells/cm2, and 25,000 cells/cm2. Following previous human SMU work, SMUs prepared at a cell seeding density of 10,000 cells/cm2 served as controls. Additionally, the impact of cell monolayer confluency on the outcome of human cell-sourced SMU fabrication was investigated at both the 1,000 cells/cm2 and 10,000 cells/cm2 seeding densities. Light microscopy was used to examine myotube formation and hypertrophy in cell monolayers. After the formation of three-dimensional constructs, SMUs underwent maximum tetanic isometric force production measurements and immunohistochemical staining to examine SMU contractile function and muscle-like structure, respectively. Results indicate that the 25,000 cells/cm2 cell-seeding density was detrimental to the contractile function of human cell-sourced SMUs, which had significantly lower maximum tetanic forces compared to SMUs seeded at lower densities. Compared to control, low cell-seeding densities (1,000 cells/cm2 - 5,000 cells/cm2) have no detrimental impact on SMU skeletal muscle growth, maturation, or contractility. Cell cultures seeded at 1,000 cells/cm2 and allowed to proliferate to 90-100% confluency prior to treatment in muscle differentiation media (MDM) resulted in SMUs with greater contractile forces and total muscle-structure compared to cell cultures switched to MDM when underconfluent or overconfluent. In conclusion, initial cell-seeding density for SMU fabrication can be decreased to as low as 1,000 cells/cm2 without negatively impacting SMU muscle-like structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maria Wroblewski
- University of Michigan Department of Biomedical Engineering, 505527, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;
| | - Matthew Hung Nguyen
- University of Michigan Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 200746, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;
| | - Paul Cederna
- University of Michigan Medical School, 12266, Surgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;
| | - Lisa Marie Larkin
- University of Michigan Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 200746, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;
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22
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Drouin PJ, Islam H, Simpson CA, Gurd BJ. Intramuscular hematoma of the vastus lateralis following percutaneous skeletal muscle microbiopsy: a case report. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15038. [PMID: 34633155 PMCID: PMC8503893 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, percutaneous microbiopsy needles have been used as a less invasive alternative to the Bergstrom needle for obtaining human skeletal muscle biopsy to assess changes in protein content, gene expression, and enzymatic activities. Unlike the Bergstrom muscle biopsy procedure, potential complications associated with microbiopsies of human skeletal muscle have not been documented. Therefore, the present case report follows a young male's recovery from a muscle biopsy-induced hemorrhage/hematoma of the right vastus lateralis with the specific aims of (1) informing future participants, researchers, and clinicians on expected time course of recovery and (2) informing methods to minimize future participant adverse event risk during and after the percutaneous microbiopsy procedure. The present case report demonstrates that the inadvertent hemorrhaging of a neighboring vessel by percutaneous microbiopsy procedure can be debilitating. To minimize the risk of muscle biopsy-induced hemorrhage/hematoma, we advise post-biopsy compression for up to 15 min and post-biopsy follow-up should be completed for up to 72 h. When there is indication of hematoma development, compression should be applied, and the participant should avoid exercise and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Drouin
- School of Kinesiology and Health StudiesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health StudiesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Brendon J. Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health StudiesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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Acin-Perez R, Benincá C, Shabane B, Shirihai OS, Stiles L. Utilization of Human Samples for Assessment of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Gold Standards, Limitations, and Future Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:949. [PMID: 34575097 PMCID: PMC8467772 DOI: 10.3390/life11090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetic function is a central component of cellular metabolism in health and disease. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical for maintaining energetic homeostasis, and impairment of mitochondrial function underlies the development and progression of metabolic diseases and aging. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be challenging in human samples due to limitations in the size of the collected sample. Furthermore, the collection of samples from human cohorts is often spread over multiple days and locations, which makes immediate sample processing and bioenergetics analysis challenging. Therefore, sample selection and choice of tests should be carefully considered. Basic research, clinical trials, and mitochondrial disease diagnosis rely primarily on skeletal muscle samples. However, obtaining skeletal muscle biopsies requires an appropriate clinical setting and specialized personnel, making skeletal muscle a less suitable tissue for certain research studies. Circulating white blood cells and platelets offer a promising primary tissue alternative to biopsies for the study of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Recent advances in frozen respirometry protocols combined with the utilization of minimally invasive and non-invasive samples may provide promise for future mitochondrial research studies in humans. Here we review the human samples commonly used for the measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetics with a focus on the advantages and limitations of each sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Byourak Shabane
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.B.); (B.S.); (O.S.S.)
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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24
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Lassche S, Küsters B, Heerschap A, Schyns MVP, Ottenheijm CAC, Voermans NC, van Engelen BGM. Correlation Between Quantitative MRI and Muscle Histopathology in Muscle Biopsies from Healthy Controls and Patients with IBM, FSHD and OPMD. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:495-504. [PMID: 32925090 PMCID: PMC7739972 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Muscle MRI is increasingly used as a diagnostic and research tool in muscle disorders. However, the correlation between MRI abnormalities and histopathological severity is largely unknown. Objective: To investigate correlations between muscle MRI abnormalities and histopathological severity in healthy controls and patients with muscle disease. Methods: We performed quantitative MRI and histopathological analysis in 35 patients with inclusion body myositis, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy or oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and 12 healthy controls. Participants contributed needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis and/or tibialis anterior, yielding 77 muscle biopsies with matched T1, T2 and TIRM MRI imaging. Muscle biopsies were evaluated with a semi-quantitative histopathology severity grading scale (range 0–12) and an inflammation severity grading scale (range 0–3). Results: In muscle disease, histopathology sum scores ranged from 0 to 11 and correlated significantly with fat percentage as measured on MRI (Spearman’s rho = 0.594, p < 0.001). Muscle edema on muscle MRI was associated with increased amounts of inflammation (p < 0.001). Mild abnormalities occured in 95% of control biopsies and were more pronounced in tibialis anterior (median sum score of 1±1 in vastus lateralis and 2±1 in tibialis anterior (p = 0.048)). Conclusion: In muscle disease, fatty infiltration on MRI correlates moderately with muscle histopathology. Histopathological abnormalities can occur prior to the onset of fatty infiltration. In middle-aged controls, almost all biopsies showed some histopathological abnormalities. The findings from this study may facilitate the choice for appropriate imaging sequences as outcome measures in therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Lassche
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime V P Schyns
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Gijbels A, Trouwborst I, Jardon KM, Hul GB, Siebelink E, Bowser SM, Yildiz D, Wanders L, Erdos B, Thijssen DHJ, Feskens EJM, Goossens GH, Afman LA, Blaak EE. The PERSonalized Glucose Optimization Through Nutritional Intervention (PERSON) Study: Rationale, Design and Preliminary Screening Results. Front Nutr 2021; 8:694568. [PMID: 34277687 PMCID: PMC8278004 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.694568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well-established that the etiology of type 2 diabetes differs between individuals. Insulin resistance (IR) may develop in different tissues, but the severity of IR may differ in key metabolic organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that these distinct tissue-specific IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition with respect to improvements in glucose metabolism. Objective: The main objective of the PERSON study is to investigate the effects of an optimal vs. suboptimal dietary macronutrient intervention according to tissue-specific IR phenotype on glucose metabolism and other health outcomes. Methods: In total, 240 overweight/obese (BMI 25 – 40 kg/m2) men and women (age 40 – 75 years) with either skeletal muscle insulin resistance (MIR) or liver insulin resistance (LIR) will participate in a two-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel, 12-week dietary intervention study. At screening, participants undergo a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine the hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) and muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), classifying each participant as either “No MIR/LIR,” “MIR,” “LIR,” or “combined MIR/LIR.” Individuals with MIR or LIR are randomized to follow one of two isocaloric diets varying in macronutrient content and quality, that is hypothesized to be either an optimal or suboptimal diet, depending on their tissue-specific IR phenotype (MIR/LIR). Extensive measurements in a controlled laboratory setting as well as phenotyping in daily life are performed before and after the intervention. The primary study outcome is the difference in change in disposition index, which is the product of insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin secretion, between participants who received their hypothesized optimal or suboptimal diet. Discussion: The PERSON study is one of the first randomized clinical trials in the field of precision nutrition to test effects of a more personalized dietary intervention based on IR phenotype. The results of the PERSON study will contribute knowledge on the effectiveness of targeted nutritional strategies to the emerging field of precision nutrition, and improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of whole body and tissue-specific IR. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03708419, clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03708419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gabby B Hul
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bowser
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dilemin Yildiz
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wanders
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Balázs Erdos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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26
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McGlynn ML, Schnitzler H, Shute R, Ruby B, Slivka D. The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6382. [PMID: 34204828 PMCID: PMC8296217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to genomic DNA (mtDNA:gDNA), has been linked with dysfunctional mitochondria. Exercise can acutely induce mtDNA damage manifested as a reduced copy number. However, the influence of a paired (exercise and temperature) intervention on regional mtDNA (MINor Arc and MAJor Arc) are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise in cold (7 °C), room temperature (20 °C), and hot (33 °C) ambient temperatures, on regional mitochondrial copy number (MINcn and MAJcn). Thirty-four participants (24.4 ± 5.1 yrs, 87.1 ± 22.1 kg, 22.3 ± 8.5 %BF, and 3.20 ± 0.59 L·min-1 VO2peak) cycled for 1 h (261.1 ± 22.1 W) in either 7 °C, 20 °C, or 33 °C ambient conditions. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the vastus lateralis to determine mtDNA regional copy numbers via RT-qPCR. mtDNA is sensitive to the stressors of exercise post-exercise (MIN fold change, -1.50 ± 0.11; MAJ fold change, -1.70 ± 0.12) and 4-h post-exercise (MIN fold change, -0.82 ± 0.13; MAJ fold change, -1.54 ± 0.11). The MAJ Arc seems to be more sensitive to heat, showing a temperature-trend (p = 0.056) for a reduced regional copy number ratio after exercise in the heat (fold change -2.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.019). These results expand upon our current knowledge of the influence of temperature and exercise on the acute remodeling of regional mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. McGlynn
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Halee Schnitzler
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Shute
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Brent Ruby
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
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27
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Castro A, Duft RG, Silva LM, Ferreira MLV, Andrade ALL, Bernardes CF, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Understanding the Relationship between Intrinsic Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2397-2409. [PMID: 33909435 PMCID: PMC8280739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness (iCRF) indicates the CRF level in the sedentary state. However, even among sedentary individuals, a wide interindividual variability is observed in the iCRF levels, whose associated molecular characteristics are little understood. This study aimed to investigate whether serum and skeletal muscle metabolomics profiles are associated with iCRF, measured by maximal power output (MPO). Seventy sedentary young adults were submitted to venous blood sampling, a biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle and iCRF assessment. Blood serum and muscle tissue samples were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Metabolites related to iCRF were those supported by three levels of evidence: (1) correlation with iCRF, (2) significant difference between individuals with low and high iCRF, and (3) metabolite contribution to significant pathways associated with iCRF. From 43 serum and 70 skeletal muscle analyzed metabolites, iCRF was positively associated with levels of betaine, threonine, proline, ornithine, and glutamine in serum and lactate, fumarate, NADP+, and formate in skeletal muscle. Serum betaine and ornithine and skeletal muscle lactate metabolites explained 31.2 and 16.8%, respectively, of the iCRF variability in addition to body mass. The results suggest that iCRF in young adults is positively associated with serum and skeletal muscle metabolic levels, indicative of the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina L V Ferreira
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L L Andrade
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celene F Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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McIlvenna LC, Patten RK, McAinch AJ, Rodgers RJ, Stepto NK, Moreno-Asso A. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Alters Glucose Uptake but Not Insulin Signalling in Human Primary Myotubes From Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:732338. [PMID: 34707569 PMCID: PMC8544291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.732338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), commonly have profound skeletal muscle insulin resistance which can worsen other clinical features. The heterogeneity of the condition has made it challenging to identify the precise mechanisms that cause this insulin resistance. A possible explanation for the underlying insulin resistance may be the dysregulation of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) signalling. TGFβ signalling contributes to the remodelling of reproductive and hepatic tissues in women with PCOS. Given the systemic nature of TGFβ signalling and its role in skeletal muscle homeostasis, it may be possible that these adverse effects extend to other peripheral tissues. We aimed to determine if TGFβ1 could negatively regulate glucose uptake and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of women with PCOS. We show that both myotubes from women with PCOS and healthy women displayed an increase in glucose uptake, independent of changes in insulin signalling, following short term (16 hr) TGFβ1 treatment. This increase occurred despite pro-fibrotic signalling increasing via SMAD3 and connective tissue growth factor in both groups following treatment with TGFβ1. Collectively, our findings show that short-term treatment with TGFβ1 does not appear to influence insulin signalling or promote insulin resistance in myotubes. These findings suggest that aberrant TGFβ signalling is unlikely to directly contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance in women with PCOS in the short term but does not rule out indirect or longer-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. McIlvenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K. Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nigel K. Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alba Moreno-Asso,
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29
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Bass JJ, Hardy EJO, Inns TB, Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Morris RH, Spicer A, Sale C, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE. Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible Skeletal Muscles: "aRaS" as a Novel Experimental Paradigm to Study the Mechanisms of Human Disuse Atrophy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:653060. [PMID: 34017264 PMCID: PMC8129522 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.653060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disuse atrophy (DA) describes inactivity-induced skeletal muscle loss, through incompletely defined mechanisms. An intriguing observation is that individual muscles exhibit differing degrees of atrophy, despite exhibiting similar anatomical function/locations. We aimed to develop an innovative experimental paradigm to investigate Atrophy Resistant tibialis anterior (TA) and Atrophy Susceptible medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles (aRaS) with a future view of uncovering central mechanisms. METHOD Seven healthy young men (22 ± 1 year) underwent 15 days unilateral leg immobilisation (ULI). Participants had a single leg immobilised using a knee brace and air-boot to fix the leg (75° knee flexion) and ankle in place. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), MRI and ultrasound scans of the lower leg were taken before and after the immobilisation period to determine changes in muscle mass. Techniques were developed for conchotome and microneedle TA/MG muscle biopsies following immobilisation (both limbs), and preliminary fibre typing analyses was conducted. RESULTS TA/MG muscles displayed comparable fibre type distribution of predominantly type I fibres (TA 67 ± 7%, MG 63 ± 5%). Following 15 days immobilisation, MG muscle volume (-2.8 ± 1.4%, p < 0.05) and muscle thickness decreased (-12.9 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01), with a positive correlation between changes in muscle volume and thickness (R2 = 0.31, p = 0.038). Importantly, both TA muscle volume and thickness remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The use of this unique "aRaS" paradigm provides an effective and convenient means by which to study the mechanistic basis of divergent DA susceptibility in humans, which may facilitate new mechanistic insights, and by extension, mitigation of skeletal muscle atrophy during human DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Bass
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. O. Hardy
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. Inns
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H. Morris
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abi Spicer
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Smith
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Philip J. Atherton,
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Bethan E. Phillips,
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30
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Mestareehi A, Zhang X, Seyoum B, Msallaty Z, Mallisho A, Burghardt KJ, Kowluru A, Yi Z. Metformin Increases Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Derived from Lean Healthy Participants. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9979234. [PMID: 34368369 PMCID: PMC8342103 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9979234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if PP2A plays a role in metformin-induced insulin sensitivity improvement in human skeletal muscle cells. Participants. Eight lean insulin-sensitive nondiabetic participants (4 females and 4 males; age: 21.0 ± 1.0 years; BMI: 22.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2; 2-hour OGTT: 97.0 ± 6.0 mg/dl; HbA1c: 5.3 ± 0.1%; fasting plasma glucose: 87.0 ± 2.0 mg/dl; M value; 11.0 ± 1.0 mg/kgBW/min). DESIGN A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to assess insulin sensitivity in human subjects, and skeletal muscle biopsy samples were obtained. Primary human skeletal muscle cells (shown to retain metabolic characteristics of donors) were cultured from these muscle biopsies that included 8 lean insulin-sensitive participants. Cultured cells were expanded, differentiated into myotubes, and treated with 50 μM metformin for 24 hours before harvesting. PP2Ac activity was measured by a phosphatase activity assay kit (Millipore) according to the manufacturer's protocol. RESULTS The results indicated that metformin significantly increased the activity of PP2A in the myotubes for all 8 lean insulin-sensitive nondiabetic participants, and the average fold increase is 1.54 ± 0.11 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results provided the first evidence that metformin can activate PP2A in human skeletal muscle cells derived from lean healthy insulin-sensitive participants and may help to understand metformin's action in skeletal muscle in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktham Mestareehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zaher Msallaty
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Abdullah Mallisho
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kyle Jon Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Program for Translational Research in Diabetes, Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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31
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Szczerbinski L, Golonko A, Taylor M, Puchta U, Konopka P, Paszko A, Citko A, Szczerbinski K, Gorska M, Zabielski P, Błachnio-Zabielska A, Larsen S, Kretowski A. Metabolomic Profile of Skeletal Muscle and Its Change Under a Mixed-Mode Exercise Intervention in Progressively Dysglycemic Subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:778442. [PMID: 34938272 PMCID: PMC8685540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.778442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play an essential role in whole-body glucose homeostasis. They are a key organ system engaged in the development of insulin resistance, and also a crucial tissue mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of physical activity. However, molecular mechanisms underlying both these processes in skeletal muscle remain unclear. The aim of our study was to compare metabolomic profiles in skeletal muscle of patients at different stages of dysglycemia, from normoglycemia through prediabetes to T2D, and its changes under a mixed-mode (strength and endurance) exercise intervention. We performed targeted metabolomics comprising several major metabolite classes, including amino acids, biogenic amines and lipid subgroups in skeletal muscles of male patients. Dysglycemic groups differed significantly at baseline in lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, glutamine, ornithine, and carnosine. Following the exercise intervention, we detected significant changes in lipids and metabolites related to lipid metabolism, including in ceramides and acylcarnitines. With their larger and more significant change over the intervention and among dysglycemic groups, these findings suggest that lipid species may play a predominant role in both the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its protection by exercise. Simultaneously, we demonstrated that amino acid metabolism, especially glutamate dysregulation, is correlated to the development of insulin resistance and parallels disturbances in lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Lukasz Szczerbinski,
| | - Aleksandra Golonko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mark Taylor
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Urszula Puchta
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Konopka
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Paszko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Steen Larsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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32
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Dedeyne L, Dupont J, Koppo K, Verschueren S, Tournoy J, Gielen E. Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) project - effects and mechanisms of action of combined anabolic interventions to improve physical functioning in sarcopenic older adults: study protocol of a triple blinded, randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:532. [PMID: 33302879 PMCID: PMC7727134 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) project aims to assess the combined effects of exercise and nutritional interventions to prevent loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with ageing, and to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods One hundred eightycommunity-dwelling sarcopenic individuals (≥ 65 years) are allocated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a 1:1 ratio into five groups for a 12-week intervention period, followed by a 12-week follow-up period: 1) exercise intervention +protein placebo +omega-3 fatty acids placebo; 2) protein +omega-3 fatty acids placebo; 3) exercise intervention +protein +omega-3 fatty acids placebo; 4) exercise intervention +protein +omega-3 fatty acids; 5) protein placebo +omega-3 fatty acids placebo. All interventions are in line with recommendations of expert groups such as the American College of Sports Medicine and the PROT-AGE study group and individualized to the physical capabilities and nutritional intake of each participant. Sarcopenia is diagnosed by the assessment of gait speed, handgrip strength (Jamar handheld dynamometer), chair stand test and muscle mass (DXA) according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria. Participants, researchers and statisticians are blinded to omega-3 fatty acids and protein treatment. Compliance to the exercise program, protein and omega-3 fatty acids interventions is objectively measured, by monitoring movement by an activity monitor, determining nitrogen content in urine and analyzing the fatty acid composition of the red blood cell membrane. The primary outcome of the RCT is the change in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score. Secondary endpoints are, among others, changes in muscle mass, strength and function, objective compliance to interventions, changes in muscle and blood biomarkers related to sarcopenia, cognition, quality of life and falls. Discussion This RCT in well-defined sarcopenic older adults assesses the effects of combined anabolic interventions, including the additive effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplements, compared to single or placebo interventions. Compliance with the exercise intervention and with the intake of nutritional supplements is measured objectively. Also, blood and muscle samples will be used to explore the underlying determinants that contribute to the mechanism of action of anabolic interventions. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03649698, retrospectively registered at 28 August 2018, first participant was randomized 16 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Dedeyne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jos Tournoy
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Araujo HN, Lima TI, Guimarães DSPSF, Oliveira AG, Favero-Santos BC, Branco RCS, da Silva Araújo RM, Dantas AFB, Castro A, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Minatel E, Geraldo MV, Carneiro EM, Rodrigues AC, Narkar VA, Silveira LR. Regulation of Lin28a-miRNA let-7b-5p pathway in skeletal muscle cells by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C541-C551. [PMID: 32697599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00233.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lin28a/miRNA let-7b-5p pathway has emerged as a key regulators of energy homeostasis in the skeletal muscle. However, the mechanism through which this pathway is regulated in the skeletal muscle has remained unclear. We have found that 8 wk of aerobic training (Tr) markedly decreased let-7b-5p expression in murine skeletal muscle, whereas high-fat diet (Hfd) increased its expression. Conversely, Lin28a expression, a well-known inhibitor of let-7b-5p, was induced by Tr and decreased by Hfd. Similarly, in human muscle biopsies, Tr increased LIN28 expression and decreased let-7b-5p expression. Bioinformatics analysis of LIN28a DNA sequence revealed that its enrichment in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) binding sites, which is a well-known metabolic regulator of exercise. Treatment of primary mouse skeletal muscle cells or C2C12 cells with PPARδ activators GW501516 and AICAR increased Lin28a expression. Lin28a and let-7b-5p expression was also regulated by PPARδ coregulators. While PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) increased Lin28a expression, corepressor NCoR1 decreased its expression. Furthermore, PGC1α markedly reduced the let-7b-5p expression. PGC1α-mediated induction of Lin28a expression was blocked by the PPARδ inhibitor GSK0660. In agreement, Lin28a expression was downregulated in PPARδ knocked-down cells leading to increased let-7b-5p expression. Finally, we show that modulation of the Lin28a-let-7b-5p pathway in muscle cells leads to changes in mitochondrial metabolism in PGC1α dependent fashion. In summary, we demonstrate that Lin28a-let-7b-5p is a direct target of PPARδ in the skeletal muscle, where it impacts mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hygor N Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tanes I Lima
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Andre G Oliveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo V Geraldo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Alice C Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vihang A Narkar
- University of Texas Health McGovern Medical School, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Beneficial Molecular Adaptations In BRCA-Mutation Carriers By Combined HIT/HIRT Intervention: Results From A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061526. [PMID: 32532068 PMCID: PMC7352264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on growing evidence that breast cancer (BRCA) also plays a pivotal role in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and the response to anti-oxidative stress, we examined the influence of regular exercise in human BRCA mutation carriers on their BRCA1 gene/protein expression and inflammatory/oxidative response. Sixteen BRCA-mutation carriers were assigned to an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). IG received a combination of high-intensity interval endurance (HIT) and strength training (HIRT) for six weeks, whereas CG received a low-intensity activity program. Before (T0) and at the end of the intervention (T1), muscle biopsy, physiological performance, blood withdrawal and anthropometry were obtained. Parameters included: Muscle BRCA1 gene/protein expression, inflammatory/oxidative stress, anti-oxidative capacity, peak oxygen capacity (VO2peak) and 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) at six different training machines. VO2peak and 1-RM of IG were increased at T1 compared to T0, whereas CG performance, physiological and molecular parameters remained unchanged. IG showed increased BRCA1 protein concentration as well as anti-oxidative capacity, whereas gene expression was unaltered. IG inflammatory and oxidative damage did not differ between time points. Combined HIT/HIRT increases aerobic and strength performance of BRCA-mutation carriers with up regulated BRCA1 protein expression and improved anti-oxidative status without showing an increased inflammatory response.
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Marzuca-Nassr GN, SanMartín-Calísto Y, Guerra-Vega P, Artigas-Arias M, Alegría A, Curi R. Skeletal Muscle Aging Atrophy: Assessment and Exercise-Based Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:123-158. [PMID: 32304033 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the ordinary course of aging, individuals change their body composition, mainly reducing their skeletal muscle mass and increasing their fat mass. In association, muscle strength and functionality also decrease. The geriatric assessment allows knowing the baseline situation of the patients, determines the impact of diseases, and defines specific treatments. There are various tools to evaluate the health condition of older people. These tools include the assessment scales of necessary Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), physical and functional assessment scales, and instruments that assess the cognitive state of the person. There are several strategies that have been proposed to combat skeletal muscle atrophy due to aging, such as physical exercise, nutritional supplements, or drugs. Some researchers have highlighted the efficacy of the combination of the mentioned strategies. In this chapter, we will focus only on physical exercise as a strategy to reduce skeletal muscle loss during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. .,Magíster en Terapia Física con menciones, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Yuri SanMartín-Calísto
- Magíster en Terapia Física con menciones, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Guerra-Vega
- Magíster en Terapia Física con menciones, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Magíster en Terapia Física con menciones, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Alegría
- Magíster en Terapia Física con menciones, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lee CC, Hoang A, Segovia D, Herbst A, Barthelemy F, Gibbs E, Crosbie R, Nelson SF, Miceli C, Wanagat J. Enhanced Methods for Needle Biopsy and Cryopreservation of Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF CYTOLOGY & HISTOLOGY 2020; 11:10.37421/jch.2020.11.553. [PMID: 32566369 PMCID: PMC7304549 DOI: 10.37421/jch.2020.11.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human muscle biopsies are increasingly important for diagnosis, research, and to monitor therapeutic trials. We examined the use of a self-contained, vacuum-assisted biopsy system and a novel muscle freezing technique to improve, simplify, and standardize human muscle biopsy collection and cryopreservation in older adults. The VACORA vacuum-assisted biopsy system was deployed in muscle biopsies of 12 individuals ranging in age from 57 to 80 years. This office-based approach was well tolerated as it is minimally invasive, uses only local anesthetic, and has a quick recovery. To maximize biopsy sample quality and reproducibility, we developed a novel muscle sample freezing protocol. Fresh muscle biopsy samples were placed into readily available tissue cassettes followed by direct freezing in liquid nitrogen. After this modified snap freezing protocol, frozen muscle samples were enrobed in embedding medium for cryosectioning. We examined the effect of this freezing approach in histological sections of rodent and human muscle samples. The VACORA Biopsy System provided as many as four skeletal muscle core samples from a single biopsy site. Biopsy samples from 12 older adults weighed an average of 147.5 ± 11 mg each and had a consistent size and shape. There were no complications, and the residual scar is less than 10 mm. The freezing method using standard tissue cassettes with direct freezing in liquid nitrogen yielded high quality cryopreserved muscle tissue suitable for histological analysis without the need for isopentane and with little to no freeze-thaw damage. These enhancements have streamlined and improved the consistency of our muscle biopsy protocol and provide sufficient high-quality sample for multi-dimensional downstream studies of human muscle in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy C Lee
- VA Greater Los Angeles, Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Austin Hoang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Segovia
- VA Greater Los Angeles, Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Florian Barthelemy
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gibbs
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachelle Crosbie
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Miceli
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- VA Greater Los Angeles, Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Lassche S, Voermans NC, van der Pijl R, van den Berg M, Heerschap A, van Hees H, Kusters B, van der Maarel SM, Ottenheijm CAC, van Engelen BGM. Preserved single muscle fiber specific force in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Neurology 2020; 94:e1157-e1170. [PMID: 31964688 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate single muscle fiber contractile performance in muscle biopsies from patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), one of the most common hereditary muscle disorders. METHODS We collected 50 muscle biopsies (26 vastus lateralis, 24 tibialis anterior) from 14 patients with genetically confirmed FSHD and 12 healthy controls. Single muscle fibers (n = 547) were isolated for contractile measurements. Titin content and titin phosphorylation were examined in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. RESULTS Single muscle fiber specific force was intact at saturating and physiologic calcium concentrations in all FSHD biopsies, with (FSHDFAT) and without (FSHDNORMAL) fatty infiltration, compared to healthy controls. Myofilament calcium sensitivity of force is increased in single muscle fibers obtained from FSHD muscle biopsies with increased fatty infiltration, but not in FSHD muscle biopsies without fatty infiltration (pCa50: 5.77-5.80 in healthy controls, 5.74-5.83 in FSHDNORMAL, and 5.86-5.90 in FSHDFAT single muscle fibers). Cross-bridge cycling kinetics at saturating calcium concentrations and myofilament cooperativity did not differ from healthy controls. Development of single muscle fiber passive tension was changed in all FSHD vastus lateralis and in FSHDFAT tibialis anterior, resulting in increased fiber stiffness. Titin content was increased in FSHD vastus lateralis biopsies; however, titin phosphorylation did not differ from healthy controls. CONCLUSION Muscle weakness in patients with FSHD is not caused by reduced specific force of individual muscle fibers, even in severely affected tissue with marked fatty infiltration of muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Lassche
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert van der Pijl
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes van den Berg
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Hieronymus van Hees
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Benno Kusters
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Silvère M van der Maarel
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- From the Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (S.L., N.C.V., B.G.M.v.E.), Department of Radiology (A.H.), and Department of Pulmonary Diseases (H.V.H.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Physiology (S.L., R.v.d.P., M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.) and Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (B.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.v.d.P., C.A.C.O.), University of Arizona, Tucson; and Department of Human Genetics (S.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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Valladares-Ide D, Peñailillo L, Collao N, Marambio H, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H. Activation of protein synthesis, regeneration, and MAPK signaling pathways following repeated bouts of eccentric cycling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1131-E1139. [PMID: 31593504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00216.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the activation of skeletal muscle signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and the gene expression of regeneration/degradation markers following repeated bouts of eccentric cycling. Nine untrained men (25.4 ± 1.9 yr) performed two 30-min eccentric cycling bouts (ECC1, ECC2) at 85% of maximal concentric workload, separated by 2 wk. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 2 h after each bout. Indirect markers of muscle damage were assessed before and 24-48 h after exercise. Changes in the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/rbosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1)/ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) and MAPK signaling pathways were measured by Western blot and changes in mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) were measured by real-time PCR. ECC1 induced greater increases in indirect markers of muscle damage compared with ECC2. Phosphorylation of S6K1 and rpS6 increased after both exercise bouts (P < 0.05), whereas phosphorylation of mTOR increased after ECC2 only (P = 0.03). Atrogin-1 mRNA expression decreased after ECC1 and ECC2 (P < 0.05) without changes in muscle RING-finger protein-1 mRNA. Basal mRNA levels of myoblast determination protein-1 (MyoD), MRF4, and myogenin were higher 2 wk after ECC1 (P < 0.05). MRF4 mRNA increased after ECC1 and ECC2 (P < 0.05), whereas MyoD mRNA expression increased only after ECC1 (P = 0.03). Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK increased after both exercise bouts (P < 0.05), similar to IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression. All together, these results suggest that differential regulation of the mTOR pathway and MRF expression could mediate the repeated bout effect observed between an initial and secondary bout of eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Valladares-Ide
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Collao
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Marambio
- Centro de Salud Deportiva, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Salud Deportiva, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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Skeletal muscle DNA methylation modifications and psychopharmacologic treatment in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1365-1373. [PMID: 31635791 PMCID: PMC6924624 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both severe mental illness and atypical antipsychotics have been independently associated with insulin resistance and weight gain. Altered regulation of skeletal muscle DNA methylation may play a role. We aimed to evaluate DNA methylation modifications in human skeletal muscle samples to further understand its potential role in the metabolic burden observed in psychiatric patients and psychopharmacologic treatment. Subjects were included in our study if they had a bipolar diagnosis and were currently treated with a mood stabilizer or atypical antipsychotic. A healthy control group free of psychiatric or physical disease was also included for comparisons. Anthropometric, BMI and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C%) were measured. Fasting skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained and methylation levels of 5-methycytosine (5-mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) were measured. Skeletal muscle global methylation of 5-mC and 5-fC were significantly higher in bipolar subjects compared to healthy controls. 5-mC was significantly higher in the AAP group compared to the mood stabilizer group. Significant correlations were observed between 5-fC methylation and HbA1C%. Our findings suggest that psychiatric disease and treatment may influence some methylation measures in the skeletal muscle of patients with bipolar disorder, which may be further influenced by medication treatment.
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Plaquevent-Hostache G, Touron J, Costes F, Perrault H, Clerfond G, Cuenin C, Moisa A, Pereira B, Boiteux MC, Eschalier R, Richard R. Effectiveness of combined eccentric and concentric exercise over traditional cardiac exercise rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic heart failure: protocol for a randomised controlled study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028749. [PMID: 31558450 PMCID: PMC6773335 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise-based rehabilitation is a standard feature of chronic heart failure management. The effectiveness of eccentric exercise could offer new opportunities for better tailoring rehabilitation programme to patients' limitations. The goal of the study is to contrast the impact of a mixed eccentric and concentric cycling training programme, to that of conventional concentric cycling rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (peak oxygen consumption (VO2Peak) < 15 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1, ejection fraction <40%). METHODS AND ANALYSIS It is a prospective, open, controlled and randomised study (2×25 subjects) carried out in a single centre. Subjects will perform five exercise sessions per week per the randomisation outcome, with the intervention group performing eccentric in three of the five weekly sessions while the control group will perform the five sessions of concentric exercise. Cycling intensity will be the same in both groups and fixed to the power associated with the first ventilatory threshold. Self-management education programme, callisthenics sessions and muscle strength trainings will also be carried out as for any heart failure patient normally included in the rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome will be the change in distance covered during the 6 min walk test. Secondary outcomes will include other physical mobility parameters, functional exercise capacities, quality of life and body composition as well as skeletal muscle properties including mitochondrial function parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the institutional ethics review board (17.079) and the French regulatory authority for research (2017-A00969-44). Adverse events that could occur during the protocol will be reported to the principal investigator. The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03716778.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julianne Touron
- UMR1019 INRA-UCA, ASMS team, CRNH Auvergne, INRA Centre Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- UMR1019 INRA-UCA, ASMS team, CRNH Auvergne, INRA Centre Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Clerfond
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Cuenin
- Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Medical Clinic of Cardio-Pneumology of Durtol, Durtol, France
| | - Andreea Moisa
- Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Medical Clinic of Cardio-Pneumology of Durtol, Durtol, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Delegation to Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Claire Boiteux
- Cardiology and Vascular Diseases, Medical Clinic of Cardio-Pneumology of Durtol, Durtol, France
| | - Romain Eschalier
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- UMR1019 INRA-UCA, ASMS team, CRNH Auvergne, INRA Centre Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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McGee JE, Barefoot SG, Gniewek NR, Brophy PM, Clark A, Dubis GS, Ryan TE, Houmard JA, Vos P, Raedeke TD, Swift DL. High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:484. [PMID: 31395096 PMCID: PMC6686537 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates that low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians. Numerous studies in Caucasian populations suggest that vigorous exercise intensity may promote greater improvements in CRF and other type 2 diabetes risk factors (e.g., reduction of glucose/insulin levels, pulse wave velocity, and body fat) than moderate intensity. However, current evidence comparing health benefits of different aerobic exercise intensities on type 2 diabetes risk factors in African Americans is negligible. This is clinically important as African Americans have a greater risk for type 2 diabetes and are less likely to meet public health recommendations for physical activity than Caucasians. The purpose of the HI-PACE (High-Intensity exercise to Promote Accelerated improvements in CardiorEspiratory fitness) study is to evaluate whether high-intensity aerobic exercise elicits greater improvements in CRF, insulin action, and arterial stiffness than moderate-intensity exercise in African Americans. Methods/Design A randomized controlled trial will be performed on overweight and obese (body mass index of 25–45 kg/m2) African Americans (35–65 years) (n = 60). Participants will be randomly assigned to moderate-intensity (MOD-INT) or high-intensity (HIGH-INT) aerobic exercise training or a non-exercise control group (CON) for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise will be performed at a heart rate associated with 45–55% and 70–80% of VO2 max in the MOD-INT and HIGH-INT groups, respectively, for an exercise dose of 600 metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-minutes per week (consistent with public health recommendations). The primary outcome is change in CRF. Secondary outcomes include change in insulin sensitivity (measured via an intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via near-infrared spectroscopy), skeletal muscle measurements (i.e., citrate synthase, COX IV, GLUT-4, CPT-1, and PGC1-α), arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), body fat, C-reactive protein, and psychological outcomes (quality of life/exercise enjoyment). Discussion The anticipated results of the HI-PACE study will provide vital information on the health effects of high-intensity exercise in African Americans. This study will advance health disparity research and has the potential to influence future public health guidelines for physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02892331. Registered on September 8, 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3611-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E McGee
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA. .,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
| | - Savanna G Barefoot
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Nicole R Gniewek
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Patricia M Brophy
- The East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Angela Clark
- The East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Gabriel S Dubis
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,The East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,The East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,Present affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Paul Vos
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Thomas D Raedeke
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Damon L Swift
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, 388 Ward Sports Medicine Building, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
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Pritzker KPH, Nieminen HJ. Needle Biopsy Adequacy in the Era of Precision Medicine and Value-Based Health Care. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:1399-1415. [PMID: 31100015 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0463-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Needle biopsy of diseased tissue is an essential diagnostic tool that is becoming even more important as precision medicine develops. However, the capability of this modality to efficiently provide samples adequate for diagnostic and prognostic analysis remains quite limited relative to current diagnostic needs. For physicians and patients, inadequate biopsy frequently leads to diagnostic delay, procedure duplication, or insufficient information about tumor biology leading to delay in treatment; for health systems, this results in substantial incremental costs and inefficient use of scarce specialized diagnostic resources. OBJECTIVE.— To review current needle biopsy technology, devices, and practice with a perspective to identify current limitations and opportunities for improvement in the context of advancing precision medicine. DATA SOURCES.— PubMed searches of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy devices and similar technologies were made generally, by tissue site, and by adequacy as well as by health economics of these technologies. CONCLUSIONS.— Needle biopsy adequacy can be improved by recognizing the importance of this diagnostic tool by promoting common criteria for needle biopsy adequacy; by optimizing needle biopsy procedural technique, technologies, clinical practice, professional education, and quality assurance; and by bundling biopsy procedure costs with downstream diagnostic modalities to provide better accountability and incentives to improve the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P H Pritzker
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Pritzker); and the Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland (Dr Nieminen)
| | - Heikki J Nieminen
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Pritzker); and the Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland (Dr Nieminen)
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Peck BD, Brightwell CR, Johnson DL, Ireland ML, Noehren B, Fry CS. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Promotes Skeletal Muscle Myostatin Expression, Fibrogenic Cell Expansion, and a Decline in Muscle Quality. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:1385-1395. [PMID: 30995070 PMCID: PMC6995871 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519832864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears result in significant quadriceps muscle atrophy that is resistant to recovery despite extensive rehabilitation. Recent work suggests an elevated fibrotic burden in the quadriceps muscle after the injury, which may limit recovery. Elucidating the mechanisms and cell types involved in the progression of fibrosis is critical for developing new treatment strategies. PURPOSE To identify factors contributing to the elevated fibrotic burden found after the injury. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS After an ACL injury, muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from the injured and noninjured vastus lateralis of young adults (n = 14, mean ± SD: 23 ± 4 years). The expression of myostatin, transforming growth factor β, and other regulatory factors was measured, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess turnover of extracellular matrix components. RESULTS Injured limb skeletal muscle demonstrated elevated myostatin gene ( P < .005) and protein ( P < .0005) expression, which correlated ( R2 = 0.38, P < .05) with fibroblast cell abundance. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that human fibroblasts express the activin type IIB receptor and that isolated primary human muscle-derived fibroblasts increased proliferation after myostatin treatment in vitro ( P < .05). Collagen 1 and fibronectin, primary components of the muscle extracellular matrix, were significantly higher in the injured limb ( P < .05). The abundance of procollagen 1-expressing cells as well as a novel index of collagen remodeling was also elevated in the injured limb ( P < .05). CONCLUSION These findings support a role for myostatin in promoting fibrogenic alterations within skeletal muscle after an ACL injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current work shows that the cause of muscle quality decline after ACL injury likely involves elevated myostatin expression, and future studies should explore therapeutic inhibition of myostatin to facilitate improvements in muscle recovery and return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey D. Peck
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Camille R. Brightwell
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Darren L. Johnson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mary Lloyd Ireland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Address correspondence to Christopher S. Fry, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1224, USA ()
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45
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Saoi M, Percival M, Nemr C, Li A, Gibala M, Britz-McKibbin P. Characterization of the Human Skeletal Muscle Metabolome for Elucidating the Mechanisms of Bicarbonate Ingestion on Strenuous Interval Exercise. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4709-4718. [PMID: 30835436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bicarbonate has long been touted as a putative ergogenic aid that improves exercise performance and blood buffering capacity during strenuous exercise. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of bicarbonate intake on skeletal muscle metabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we apply two orthogonal analytical platforms for nontargeted profiling of metabolites and targeted analysis of electrolytes from mass-limited muscle tissue biopsies (∼2 mg dried mass) when multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS) and CE with indirect UV detection are used, respectively. Seven untrained men performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise trial following either bicarbonate (0.40 g/kg) or placebo ingestion in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study design, where paired skeletal muscle tissue and plasma specimens were collected at three time intervals at rest, postexercise, and recovery. Optimization of a quantitative microextraction procedure was first developed for lyophilized tissue prior to characterization of the human muscle metabolome, which resulted in the identification and quantification of more than 80 polar/ionic metabolites reliably (CV < 30%) detected in a majority (>75%) of samples with quality control. Complementary univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to identify biomarkers associated with strenuous exercise and/or bicarbonate treatment responses, whereas structural elucidation of biologically significant intramuscular metabolites was performed using high-resolution MS/MS. Importantly, bicarbonate ingestion prior to strenuous interval exercise was found to elicit a modest treatment effect ( p < 0.05) in comparison to placebo on metabolic pathways associated with ionic homeostasis (potassium), purine degradation (uric acid), and oxidative stress as regulated by glutathione metabolism (oxidized mixed glutathione disulfide) and histidine-containing dipeptides (anserine) within muscle tissue that was distinctive from dynamic metabolic changes measured in circulation. This work provides deeper biochemical insights into the effect of acute alkalosis in preserving contracting muscle function during high-intensity exercise, which is also applicable to the study of muscle-related pathologies relevant to human health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Saoi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Michael Percival
- Department of Kinesiology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Carine Nemr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Alice Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Martin Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
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Haun CT, Vann CG, Roberts BM, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ, Roberts MD. A Critical Evaluation of the Biological Construct Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Size Matters but So Does the Measurement. Front Physiol 2019; 10:247. [PMID: 30930796 PMCID: PMC6423469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly adaptable and has consistently been shown to morphologically respond to exercise training. Skeletal muscle growth during periods of resistance training has traditionally been referred to as skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and this manifests as increases in muscle mass, muscle thickness, muscle area, muscle volume, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA). Delicate electron microscopy and biochemical techniques have also been used to demonstrate that resistance exercise promotes ultrastructural adaptations within muscle fibers. Decades of research in this area of exercise physiology have promulgated a widespread hypothetical model of training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy; specifically, fCSA increases are accompanied by proportional increases in myofibrillar protein, leading to an expansion in the number of sarcomeres in parallel and/or an increase in myofibril number. However, there is ample evidence to suggest that myofibrillar protein concentration may be diluted through sarcoplasmic expansion as fCSA increases occur. Furthermore, and perhaps more problematic, are numerous investigations reporting that pre-to-post training change scores in macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular variables supporting this model are often poorly associated with one another. The current review first provides a brief description of skeletal muscle composition and structure. We then provide a historical overview of muscle hypertrophy assessment. Next, current-day methods commonly used to assess skeletal muscle hypertrophy at the biochemical, ultramicroscopic, microscopic, macroscopic, and whole-body levels in response to training are examined. Data from our laboratory, and others, demonstrating correlations (or the lack thereof) between these variables are also presented, and reasons for comparative discrepancies are discussed with particular attention directed to studies reporting ultrastructural and muscle protein concentration alterations. Finally, we critically evaluate the biological construct of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, propose potential operational definitions, and provide suggestions for consideration in hopes of guiding future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody T Haun
- Department of Exercise Science, LaGrange College, LaGrange, GA, United States
| | | | - Brandon M Roberts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D Vigotsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States
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Sonjak V, Jacob KJ, Spendiff S, Vuda M, Perez A, Miguez K, Minozzo FC, Spake C, Morais JA, Hepple RT. Reduced Mitochondrial Content, Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species, and Modulation by Denervation in Skeletal Muscle of Prefrail or Frail Elderly Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1887-1895. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Denervation and mitochondrial impairment are implicated in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and may play a role in physical frailty. We recently showed that denervation modulates muscle mitochondrial function in octogenarian men, but this has not been examined in elderly women. On this basis, we tested the hypothesis that denervation plays a modulating role in mitochondrial impairment in skeletal muscle from prefrail or frail elderly (FE) women. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reactive oxygen species emission were examined in permeabilized myofibers obtained from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from FE and young inactive women. Muscle respiratory capacity was reduced in proportion to a reduction in a mitochondrial marker protein in FE, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission was elevated in FE versus young inactive group. Consistent with a significant accumulation of neural cell adhesion molecule-positive muscle fibers in FE (indicative of denervation), a 50% reduction in reactive oxygen species production after pharmacologically inhibiting the denervation-mediated reactive oxygen species response in FE women suggests a significant modulation of mitochondrial function by denervation. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that denervation plays a modulating role in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in FE women, suggesting therapeutic strategies in advanced age should focus on the causes and treatment of denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Sonjak
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Kathryn J Jacob
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Madhusudanarao Vuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Anna Perez
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Kayla Miguez
- McGill University, Grande Prairie Regional College, Canada
| | - Fabio C Minozzo
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Grande Prairie Regional College, Canada
| | - Carole Spake
- Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - José A Morais
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professionals, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Castro A, Duft RG, Ferreira MLV, de Andrade ALL, Gáspari AF, Silva LDM, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, Cavaglieri CR, Ghosh S, Bouchard C, Chacon- Mikahil MPT. Association of skeletal muscle and serum metabolites with maximum power output gains in response to continuous endurance or high-intensity interval training programs: The TIMES study - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212115. [PMID: 30742692 PMCID: PMC6370248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have begun to identify the molecular determinants of inter-individual variability of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in response to exercise training programs. However, we still have an incomplete picture of the molecular mechanisms underlying trainability in response to exercise training. OBJECTIVE We investigated baseline serum and skeletal muscle metabolomics profile and its associations with maximal power output (MPO) gains in response to 8-week of continuous endurance training (ET) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs matched for total units of exercise performed (the TIMES study). METHODS Eighty healthy sedentary young adult males were randomized to one of three groups and 70 were defined as completers (> 90% of sessions): ET (n = 30), HIIT (n = 30) and control (CO, n = 10). For the CO, participants were asked to not exercise for 8 weeks. Serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The targeted screens yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle reproducible metabolites (intraclass > 0.75; coefficient of variation < 25%). Associations of baseline metabolites with MPO trainability were explored within each training program via three analytical strategies: (1) correlations with gains in MPO; (2) differences between high and low responders to ET and HIIT; and (3) metabolites contributions to the most significant pathways related to gains in MPO. The significance level was set at P < 0.01 or false discovery rate of 0.1. RESULTS The exercise programs generated similar gains in MPO (ET = 21.4 ± 8.0%; HIIT = 24.3 ± 8.5%). MPO associated baseline metabolites supported by all three levels of evidence were: serum glycerol, muscle alanine, proline, threonine, creatinine, AMP and pyruvate for ET, and serum lysine, phenylalanine, creatine, and muscle glycolate for HIIT. The most common pathways suggested by the metabolite profiles were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION We suggest that MPO gains in both programs are potentially associated with metabolites indicative of baseline amino acid and translation processes with additional evidence for carbohydrate metabolism in ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Garbellini Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Luís Lugnani de Andrade
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Fernandes Gáspari
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Marchi Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Wilson D, Breen L, Lord JM, Sapey E. The challenges of muscle biopsy in a community based geriatric population. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:830. [PMID: 30477571 PMCID: PMC6260758 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the difficulties of obtaining muscle samples using a Bergstrom needle technique in a frail older adult population. The data were obtained from a study primarily investigating immunosenescence in frailty. An intended research technique was skeletal muscle biopsy in a small subset of participants to investigate muscle morphology and local inflammatory factors. Results Forty healthy older adults and 37 frail older adults were considered for a Bergstrom needle muscle biopsy. Of these, 17.5% of healthy older adults and 94.6% of the frail older adults had single or multiple participant factors resulting in a contra-indication to muscle biopsy. 40.7% of healthy older female participants were at risk of a failed muscle biopsy due to low muscle mass. Considering only muscle mass muscle biopsy would have been successful in 18.7% of the frail older women and 21.4% of the frail older men. In this population, muscle biopsy was not feasible because of contra-indications in the majority of participants. This questions whether a biopsy sample obtained from frail older individuals, is actually representative of this population and supports the need to disclose biopsy failure rate in this population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3947-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Wilson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK.
| | - Leigh Breen
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2WD, UK
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Nahon KJ, Doornink F, Straat ME, Botani K, Martinez-Tellez B, Abreu-Vieira G, van Klinken JB, Voortman GJ, Friesema ECH, Ruiz JR, van Velden FHP, de Geus-Oei LF, Smit F, Pereira Arias-Bouda LM, Berbée JFP, Jazet IM, Boon MR, Rensen PCN. Effect of sitagliptin on energy metabolism and brown adipose tissue in overweight individuals with prediabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2386-2397. [PMID: 30145664 PMCID: PMC6182651 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, energy expenditure and metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle in overweight individuals with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose). METHODS We performed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 30 overweight, Europid men (age 45.9 ± 6.2 years; BMI 28.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2) with prediabetes in the Leiden University Medical Center and the Alrijne Hospital between March 2015 and September 2016. Participants were initially randomly allocated to receive sitagliptin (100 mg/day) (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) for 12 weeks, using a randomisation list that was set up by an unblinded pharmacist. All people involved in the study as well as participants were blinded to group assignment. Two participants withdrew from the study prior to completion (both in the sitagliptin group) and were subsequently replaced with two new participants that were allocated to the same treatment. Before and after treatment, fasting venous blood samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained, OGTT was performed and body composition, resting energy expenditure and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake by metabolic tissues were assessed. The primary study endpoint was the effect of sitagliptin on BAT volume and activity. RESULTS One participant from the sitagliptin group was excluded from analysis, due to a distribution error, leaving 29 participants for further analysis. Sitagliptin, but not placebo, lowered glucose excursion (-40%; p < 0.003) during OGTT, accompanied by an improved insulinogenic index (+38%; p < 0.003) and oral disposition index (+44%; p < 0.003). In addition, sitagliptin lowered serum concentrations of triacylglycerol (-29%) and very large (-46%), large (-35%) and medium-sized (-24%) VLDL particles (all p < 0.05). Body weight, body composition and energy expenditure did not change. In skeletal muscle, sitagliptin increased mRNA expression of PGC1β (also known as PPARGC1B) (+117%; p < 0.05), a main controller of mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism. Although the primary endpoint of change in BAT volume and activity was not met, sitagliptin increased [18F] FDG uptake in subcutaneous WAT (sWAT; +53%; p < 0.05). Reported side effects were mild and transient and not necessarily related to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Twelve weeks of sitagliptin in overweight, Europid men with prediabetes improves glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, as related to increased [18F] FDG uptake by sWAT, rather than BAT, and upregulation of the mitochondrial gene PGC1β in skeletal muscle. Studies on the effect of sitagliptin on preventing or delaying the progression of prediabetes into type 2 diabetes are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02294084. FUNDING This study was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, Ministry of Economic Affairs and the University of Granada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Nahon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Doornink
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike E Straat
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kani Botani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- PROFITH 'Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical Activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gustavo Abreu-Vieira
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gardi J Voortman
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith C H Friesema
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical Activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Floris H P van Velden
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Smit
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
| | - Lenka M Pereira Arias-Bouda
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, post zone C7Q, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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