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Pasten C, Lozano M, Osorio LA, Cisterna M, Jara V, Sepúlveda C, Ramírez-Balaguera D, Moreno-Hidalgo V, Arévalo-Gil D, Soto P, Hurtado V, Morales A, Méndez GP, Busso D, Leon P, Michea L, Corvalán D, Luarte A, Irarrazabal CE. The protective effect of 1400W against ischaemia and reperfusion injury is countered by transient medullary kidney endothelial dysregulation. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39057844 DOI: 10.1113/jp285944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of the blood flow. I/R is a prevalent cause of acute kidney injury. As nitric oxide generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has detrimental effects during I/R, the pharmacological blockade of iNOS has been proposed as a potential strategy to prevent I/R injury. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of 1400W (an iNOS inhibitor) on renal I/R as a pharmacological strategy against kidney disease. BALB/c mice received 30 min of bilateral ischaemia, followed by 48 h or 28 days of reperfusion. Vehicle or 1400W (10 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before inducing ischaemia. We found that after 48 h of reperfusion 1400W decreased the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen 3 in the I/R animals. Unexpectedly, we observed mRNA upregulation of genes involved in kidney injury, cell-cycle arrest, inflammation, mesenchymal transition and endothelial activation in the renal medulla of sham animals treated with 1400W. We also explored if 1400W promoted chronic kidney dysfunction 28 days after I/R and did not find significant alterations in renal function, fibrosis, blood pressure or mortality. The results provide evidence that 1400W may have adverse effects in the renal medulla. Importantly, our data point to 1400W-induced endothelial dysfunction, establishing therapeutic limitations for its use. KEY POINTS: Acute kidney injury is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pharmacological blockade of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been proposed as a potential strategy to prevent AKI induced by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). Our main finding is that 1400W, a selective and irreversible iNOS inhibitor with low toxicity that is proposed as a therapeutic strategy to prevent kidney I/R injury, produces aberrant gene expression in the medulla associated to tissue injury, cell cycle arrest, inflammation, mesenchymal transition and endothelial activation. The negative effect of 1400W observed in the renal medulla at 48 h from drug administration, is transient as it did not translate into a chronic kidney disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Pasten
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Luis A Osorio
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Matías Cisterna
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Valeria Jara
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Catalina Sepúlveda
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Daniela Ramírez-Balaguera
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Viviana Moreno-Hidalgo
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Dayana Arévalo-Gil
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Paola Soto
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Valeria Hurtado
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Antonia Morales
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | | | - Dolores Busso
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Pablo Leon
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Michea
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Corvalán
- Neuroscience Program, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Alejandro Luarte
- Neuroscience Program, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Carlos E Irarrazabal
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Programa de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
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Chennupati R, Solga I, Wischmann P, Dahlmann P, Celik FG, Pacht D, Şahin A, Yogathasan V, Hosen MR, Gerdes N, Kelm M, Jung C. Chronic anemia is associated with systemic endothelial dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1099069. [PMID: 37234375 PMCID: PMC10205985 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1099069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In acute myocardial infarction and heart failure, anemia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by attenuated nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation responses which is poorly studied in chronic anemia (CA). We hypothesized that CA is associated with ED due to increased oxidative stress in the endothelium. Methods CA was induced by repeated blood withdrawal in male C57BL/6J mice. Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) responses were assessed in CA mice using ultrasound-guided femoral transient ischemia model. Tissue organ bath was used to assess vascular responsiveness of aortic rings from CA mice, and in aortic rings incubated with red blood cells (RBCs) from anemic patients. In the aortic rings from anemic mice, the role of arginases was assessed using either an arginase inhibitor (Nor-NOHA) or genetic ablation of arginase 1 in the endothelium. Inflammatory changes in plasma of CA mice were examined by ELISA. Expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 3-Nitrotyrosine levels, and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were assessed either by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ED was assessed in the anemic mice either supplemented with N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) or by in vitro pharmacological inhibition of MPO. Results The FMD responses were diminished with a correlation to the duration of anemia. Aortic rings from CA mice showed reduced NO-dependent relaxation compared to non-anemic mice. RBCs from anemic patients attenuated NO-dependent relaxation responses in murine aortic rings compared to non-anemic controls. CA results in increased plasma VCAM-1, ICAM-1 levels, and an increased iNOS expression in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Arginases inhibition or arginase1 deletion did not improve ED in anemic mice. Increased expression of MPO and 4-HNE observed in endothelial cells of aortic sections from CA mice. NAC supplementation or inhibition of MPO improved relaxation responses in CA mice. Conclusion Chronic anemia is associated with progressive endothelial dysfunction evidenced by activation of the endothelium mediated by systemic inflammation, increased iNOS activity, and ROS production in the arterial wall. ROS scavenger (NAC) supplementation or MPO inhibition are potential therapeutic options to reverse the devastating endothelial dysfunction in chronic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chennupati
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabella Solga
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patricia Wischmann
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Dahlmann
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Feyza Gül Celik
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Pacht
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aslıhan Şahin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vithya Yogathasan
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Hosen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HeartCenter Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Mitrović J, Hrkač S, Tečer J, Golob M, Ljilja Posavec A, Kolar Mitrović H, Grgurević L. Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051262. [PMID: 37238933 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent and debilitating autoimmune inflammatory chronic diseases. Although it is primarily characterized by destructive peripheral arthritis, it is a systemic disease, and RA-related extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) can affect almost every organ, exhibit a multitude of clinical presentations, and can even be asymptomatic. Importantly, EAMs largely contribute to the quality of life and mortality of RA patients, particularly substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in RA patients. In spite of known risk factors related to EAM development, a more in-depth understanding of its pathophysiology is lacking. Improved knowledge of EAMs and their comparison to the pathogenesis of arthritis in RA could lead to a better understanding of RA inflammation overall and its initial phases. Taking into account that RA is a disorder that has many faces and that each person experiences it and responds to treatments differently, gaining a better understanding of the connections between the joint and extra-joint manifestations could help to create new treatments and improve the overall approach to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joško Mitrović
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stela Hrkač
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Tečer
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Majda Golob
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Ljilja Posavec
- Polyclinic for the Respiratory Tract Diseases, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Kolar Mitrović
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Zagreb University Hospital Center, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Grgurević
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, "Drago Perovic", School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:21. [PMID: 36890458 PMCID: PMC9996905 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O2-) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH4, deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave, MC-251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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5
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Alzayadneh EM, Shatanawi A, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Methylglyoxal-Modified Albumin Effects on Endothelial Arginase Enzyme and Vascular Function. Cells 2023; 12:795. [PMID: 36899931 PMCID: PMC10001288 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute significantly to vascular dysfunction (VD) in diabetes. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) is a hallmark in VD. In endothelial cells, NO is produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) from L-arginine. Arginase competes with NOS for L-arginine to produce urea and ornithine, limiting NO production. Arginase upregulation was reported in hyperglycemia; however, AGEs' role in arginase regulation is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of methylglyoxal-modified albumin (MGA) on arginase activity and protein expression in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) and on vascular function in mice aortas. Exposure of MAEC to MGA increased arginase activity, which was abrogated by MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor, p38 MAPK inhibitor, and ABH (arginase inhibitor). Immunodetection of arginase revealed MGA-induced protein expression for arginase I. In aortic rings, MGA pretreatment impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation, which was reversed by ABH. Intracellular NO detection by DAF-2DA revealed blunted ACh-induced NO production with MGA treatment that was reversed by ABH. In conclusion, AGEs increase arginase activity probably through the ERK1/2/p38 MAPK pathway due to increased arginase I expression. Furthermore, AGEs impair vascular function that can be reversed by arginase inhibition. Therefore, AGEs may be pivotal in arginase deleterious effects in diabetic VD, providing a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebaa M. Alzayadneh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Alia Shatanawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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6
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Serna E, Mauricio MD, San-Miguel T, Guerra-Ojeda S, Verdú D, Valls A, Arc-Chagnaud C, De la Rosa A, Viña J. Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase Overexpression Improves Aging-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Aorta from Mice: Role of Arginase II. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043622. [PMID: 36835034 PMCID: PMC9961129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of vascular arginase activity during aging causes endothelial dysfunction. This enzyme competes with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) for L-arginine substrate. Our hypothesis is that glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) overexpression could improve the endothelial function modulating the arginase pathway in aorta from mice. For this study, three groups of male mice were used: young wild type (WT) (6-9 months), old WT (21-22 months) and old G6PD-Tg (21-22 months) mice. Vascular reactivity results showed a reduced acetylcholine-dependent relaxation in the old WT but not old G6PD-Tg group. Endothelial dysfunction was reverted by nor-NOHA, an arginase inhibitor. Mice overexpressing G6PD underexpressed arginase II and also displayed a lower activity of this enzyme. Moreover, histological analyses demonstrated that age causes a thickness of aortic walls, but this did not occur in G6PD-Tg mice. We conclude that the overexpressing G6PD mouse is a model to improve vascular health via the arginase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria D Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa San-Miguel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián De la Rosa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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7
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Detroja TS, Samson AO. Virtual Screening for FDA-Approved Drugs That Selectively Inhibit Arginase Type 1 and 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165134. [PMID: 36014374 PMCID: PMC9416497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginases are often overexpressed in human diseases, and they are an important target for developing anti-aging and antineoplastic drugs. Arginase type 1 (ARG1) is a cytosolic enzyme, and arginase type 2 (ARG2) is a mitochondrial one. In this study, a dataset containing 2115-FDA-approved drug molecules is virtually screened for potential arginase binding using molecular docking against several ARG1 and ARG2 structures. The potential arginase ligands are classified into three categories: (1) Non-selective, (2) ARG1 selective, and (3) ARG2 selective. The evaluated potential arginase ligands are then compared with their clinical use. Remarkably, half of the top 30 potential drugs are used clinically to lower blood pressure and treat cancer, infection, kidney disease, and Parkinson’s disease thus partially validating our virtual screen. Most notable are the antihypertensive drugs candesartan, irbesartan, indapamide, and amiloride, the antiemetic rolapitant, the anti-angina ivabradine, and the antidiabetic metformin which have minimal side effects. The partial validation also favors the idea that the other half of the top 30 potential drugs could be used in therapeutic settings. The three categories greatly expand the selectivity of arginase inhibition.
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8
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DRG2 Depletion Promotes Endothelial Cell Senescence and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052877. [PMID: 35270019 PMCID: PMC8911374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell senescence is involved in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of endothelial senescence are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that deficiency of developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) induces senescence and dysfunction of endothelial cells. DRG2 knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced cerebral blood flow in the brain and lung blood vessel density. We also determined, by Matrigel plug assay, aorta ring assay, and in vitro tubule formation of primary lung endothelial cells, that deficiency in DRG2 reduced the angiogenic capability of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from DRG2 KO mice showed a senescence phenotype with decreased cell growth and enhanced levels of p21 and phosphorylated p53, γH2AX, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines. DRG2 deficiency in endothelial cells upregulated arginase 2 (Arg2) and generation of reactive oxygen species. Induction of SA-β-gal activity was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine in endothelial cells from DRG2 KO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that DRG2 is a key regulator of endothelial senescence, and its downregulation is probably involved in vascular dysfunction and diseases.
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9
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Kim HJ, Kim B, Byun HJ, Yu L, Nguyen TM, Nguyen TH, Do PA, Kim EJ, Cheong KA, Kim KS, Huy Phùng H, Rahman M, Jang JY, Rho SB, Kang GJ, Park MK, Lee H, Lee K, Cho J, Han HK, Kim SG, Lee AY, Lee CH. Resolvin D1 Suppresses H 2O 2-Induced Senescence in Fibroblasts by Inducing Autophagy through the miR-1299/ARG2/ARL1 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1924. [PMID: 34943028 PMCID: PMC8750589 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ARG2 has been reported to inhibit autophagy in vascular endothelial cells and keratinocytes. However, studies of its mechanism of action, its role in skin fibroblasts, and the possibility of promoting autophagy and inhibiting cellular senescence through ARG2 inhibition are lacking. We induced cellular senescence in dermal fibroblasts by using H2O2. H2O2-induced fibroblast senescence was inhibited upon ARG2 knockdown and promoted upon ARG2 overexpression. The microRNA miR-1299 suppressed ARG2 expression, thereby inhibiting fibroblast senescence, and miR-1299 inhibitors promoted dermal fibroblast senescence by upregulating ARG2. Using yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that ARG2 binds to ARL1. ARL1 knockdown inhibited autophagy and ARL1 overexpression promoted it. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) suppressed ARG2 expression and cellular senescence. These data indicate that ARG2 stimulates dermal fibroblast cell senescence by inhibiting autophagy after interacting with ARL1. In addition, RvD1 appears to promote autophagy and inhibit dermal fibroblast senescence by inhibiting ARG2 expression. Taken together, the miR-1299/ARG2/ARL1 axis emerges as a novel mechanism of the ARG2-induced inhibition of autophagy. Furthermore, these results indicate that miR-1299 and pro-resolving lipids, including RvD1, are likely involved in inhibiting cellular senescence by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Boram Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Hyung Jung Byun
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Lu Yu
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Thi Ha Nguyen
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Phuong Anh Do
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kyung Ah Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Korea; (K.A.C.); (G.J.K.); (A.Y.L.)
| | - Kyung Sung Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Hiệu Huy Phùng
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Ji Yun Jang
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.B.R.); (H.L.)
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.B.R.); (H.L.)
| | - Gyeoung Jin Kang
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.B.R.); (H.L.)
| | - Ho Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.B.R.); (H.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Hyo Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Ai Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Korea; (K.A.C.); (G.J.K.); (A.Y.L.)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (H.J.K.); (B.K.); (H.J.B.); (L.Y.); (T.M.N.); (T.H.N.); (P.A.D.); (K.S.K.); (H.H.P.); (M.R.); (J.Y.J.); (M.K.P.); (K.L.); (J.C.); (H.K.H.); (S.G.K.)
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10
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Mitchell R, Frederick NE, Holzman ER, Agobe F, Allaway HCM, Bagher P. Ifetroban reduces coronary artery dysfunction in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H52-H58. [PMID: 34048282 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00180.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy contributes to morbidity and mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an inheritable muscle-wasting disease caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Preclinical studies in mouse models of muscular dystrophy have demonstrated reduced cardiomyopathy and improved cardiac function following oral treatment with the potent and selective thromboxane A2/prostanoid receptor (TPr) antagonist ifetroban. Furthermore, a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT03340675, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals) is currently recruiting subjects to determine whether ifetroban can improve cardiac function in patients with DMD. Although TPr is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD, little is known about TPr function in coronary arteries that perfuse blood through the cardiac tissue. In the current study, isolated coronary arteries from young (∼3-5 mo) and aged (∼9-12 mo) mdx mice, a widely used mouse model of DMD, and age-matched controls were examined using wire myography. Vasoconstriction to increasing concentrations of TPr agonist U-46619 (U4) was enhanced in young mdx mice versus controls. In addition, young mdx mice displayed a significant attenuation in endothelial cell-mediated vasodilation to increasing concentrations of the muscarinic agonist acetylcholine (ACh). Since TPr activation was enhanced in young mdx mice, U4-mediated vasoconstriction was measured in the absence and the presence of ifetroban. Ifetroban reduced U4-mediated vasoconstriction in young mdx mice and both aged mdx and control mice. Overall, our data demonstrate enhanced coronary arterial vasoconstriction to TPr activation in young mdx mice, a phenotype that could be reversed with ifetroban. These data could have important therapeutic implications for improving cardiovascular function in DMD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation revealed 1) impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, 2) increased U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction, and 3) reversal of the increase in U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction by the thromboxane A2/prostanoid receptor (TPr) antagonist ifetroban in left anterior descending coronary arteries isolated from young mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Ifetroban has been used in preclinical studies to demonstrate improved cardiac function in mouse models of muscular dystrophy and is currently being investigated in a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with DMD. The current study supports the role of ifetroban in improving coronary artery function in preclinical DMD models, which may contribute to improved cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - N E Frederick
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - E R Holzman
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - F Agobe
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - H C M Allaway
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - P Bagher
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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11
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Koliada OM, Vdovichenko NI, Kolyada TI, Bilozorov OP. Functional and metabolic characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes in patients with different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional and metabolic features of intact and stimulated mononuclear phagocytes were studied in patients with different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis, the study included 66 patients with relapsing-remitting and 32 patients with progressive course of multiple sclerosis. The state of the mononuclear phagocytes was characterized by expression of costimulatory molecules and direction of L-arginine metabolism. Relative quantities of CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 positive monocytes were determined with Phycoerytrin-labeled monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence test in peripheral blood and after culture in parallel series with addition of: (a) E.coli lipopolysaccharide (a stimulator of TLR4), (b) a single-stranded RNA – preparation ssRNA40/LyoVec (a stimulator of TLR7/8), (c) IL-4 (an anti-inflammatory interleukin). The formation of NO was determined by the amount of nitrite in the culture supernatants, arginase activity was determined in cell lysates of the monocyte fraction. We showed that functional and phenotypic characteristics of monocytes depend on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. In patients with progressive course, the relative number of CD86+ cells was significantly higher and PD-L1+ cells significantly lower than in patients with relapsing-remitting course and healthy persons, in patients with relapsing-remitting course the number of PD-L1+ cells was increased. The number of CD80+ cells did not show any significant difference in the investigated groups of patients relative to the control group. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes with TLR4/8 produced a significant increase in the number of CD86+ and decrease in the number of PD-L1+ cells in patients with the progressive course. In patients with the relapsing-remitting course LPS produced an increase in number of PD-L1+ cells. We did not find any difference in activity of the arginase pathway of L-arginine metabolism in the intact monocyte fraction of peripheral blood in patients with multiple sclerosis versus the control group, but stimulation with TLR4 agonist of mononuclear cells of patients with progressive course caused significant increased arginase activity versus baseline. At the same time, versus control cells arginase activity in patients with the progressive course decreased after LPS treatment, but trended to increase after TLR7/8 treatment. In patients with the relapsing-remitting course these changes had a similar direction but were less expressed. The results may be considered as an indication of the activation of peripheral blood monocytes and their polarization trend in the M1 direction in patients with the progressive course of multiple sclerosis, these changes could be considered as signs of violation of autoimmune regulatory mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.
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12
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Moretto J, Pudlo M, Demougeot C. Human-based evidence for the therapeutic potential of arginase inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:138-147. [PMID: 33197620 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Moretto
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
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13
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Garate-Carrillo A, Navarrete-Yañez V, Ortiz-Vilchis P, Guevara G, Castillo C, Mendoza-Lorenzo P, Ceballos G, Ortiz-Flores M, Najera N, Bustamante-Pozo MM, Rubio-Gayosso I, Villarreal F, Ramirez-Sanchez I. Arginase inhibition by (-)-Epicatechin reverses endothelial cell aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173442. [PMID: 32795514 PMCID: PMC7418791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (EnD) occurs with aging and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production by NO synthase (NOS) can be impaired. Low NO levels have been linked to increased arginase (Ar) activity as Ar competes with NOS for L-arginine. The inhibition of Ar activity can reverse EnD and (-)-epicatechin (Epi) inhibits myocardial Ar activity. In this study, through in silico modeling we demonstrate that Epi interacts with Ar similarly to its inhibitor Norvaline (Norv). Using in vitro and in vivo models of aging, we examined Epi and Norv-inhibition of Ar activity and its endothelium-protective effects. Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC) were treated with Norv (10 μM), Epi (1 μM) or the combination (Epi + Norv) for 48 h. Ar activity increased in aged BCAEC, with decreased NO generation. Treatment decreased Ar activity to levels seen in young cells. Epi and Epi + Norv decreased nitrosylated Ar levels by ~25% in aged cells with lower oxidative stress (~25%) (dihydroethidium) levels. In aged cells, Epi and Epi + Norv restored the eNOS monomer/dimer ratio, protein expression levels and NO production to those of young cells. Furthermore, using 18 month old rats 15 days of treatment with either Epi (1 mg/kg), Norv (10 mg/kg) or combo, decreased hypertension and improved aorta vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, blood NO levels and tetra/dihydribiopterin ratios in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells. In conclusion, results provide evidence that inhibiting Ar with Epi reverses aged-related loss of eNOS function and improves vascular function through the modulation of Ar and eNOS protein levels and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Garate-Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Navarrete-Yañez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Pilar Ortiz-Vilchis
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Guevara
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Lorenzo
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Chontalpa, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Najera
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Moises Muratt Bustamante-Pozo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Ivan Rubio-Gayosso
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Health Care, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Israel Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico.
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14
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Agunloye OM, Oboh G. High cholesterol diet promotes dysfunction of arginase and cholinergic enzymatic system in rats: ameliorative role of caffeic and chlorogenic acids. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:67-74. [PMID: 32554834 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary phenolic compounds intake have been reported to have an inverse relationship to the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of caffeic acid (CFA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on rats fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD). METHODS Experimental animals were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) for a period of 21 days while simvastatin (0.2 mg/kg BWT), CFA and CGA (10 and 15 mg/kg BWT) were administered daily. RESULTS Activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and arginase were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the rats fed with HCD alone. Also, level of malondiadehyde equivalent compounds (MDA) was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nevertheless, treatment with simvastatin, CFA and CGA normalized altered AChE, BChE and arginase activities as well as improved antioxidant status in hypercholesterolemic rats. CONCLUSION CFA and CGA could offer protective role in hypercholeseterolemic rats via their antioxidant potentials as well as restoring altered activity of acetylcholinesterase, butrylcholinesterase and arginase. Based on our findings chlorogenic acid exhibits better attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo Michael Agunloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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15
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Huang J, Liu C, Ming XF, Yang Z. Inhibition of p38mapk Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging Mediated by Arginase-II. Pharmacology 2020; 105:491-504. [PMID: 32454488 DOI: 10.1159/000507635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue inflammation occurs not only in obesity but also in aging and is mechanistically linked with age-associated diseases. Studies show that ablation of the l-arginine-metabolizing enzyme arginase-II (Arg-II) reduces adipose tissue inflammation and improves glucose tolerance in obesity. However, the role of Arg-II in aging adipose tissue inflammation is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of Arg-II in age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. METHODS Visceral adipose tissues of young (3-6 months) and old (20-24 months) wild-type (WT) and Arg-II-/- mice were investigated. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for analysis of macrophage accumulation and cellular localization of arginase and cytokines; expression of arginase and cytokines was analyzed by qRT-PCR or immunoblotting or ELISA; activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in adipose tissues was analyzed by immunoblotting; and arginase activity was measured by colorimetric determination of urea production. RESULTS In the old WT mice, there is more macrophage accumulation in the visceral adipose tissues than in Arg-II knockout animals. An age-associated increase in arginase activity and Arg-II expression in adipose tissues of WT mice is observed. Arg-II knockout enhances Arg-I expression and activity, but inhibits interleukin (IL)-6 expression and secretion and reduces active p38mapk in aging adipose tissue macrophages and stromal cells. Treatment of aging adipose tissues of WT mice with a specific p38mapk inhibitor SB203580 reduces IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Arg-II promotes IL-6 production in aging adipose tissues through p38mapk. The results suggest that targeting Arg-II or inhibiting p38mapk could be beneficial in reducing age-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Huang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland,
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16
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Łuczak A, Madej M, Kasprzyk A, Doroszko A. Role of the eNOS Uncoupling and the Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1417981. [PMID: 32351667 PMCID: PMC7174952 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1417981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its clinical complications constitute the major healthcare problems of the world population. Due to the central role of endothelium throughout the atherosclerotic disease process, endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a common mechanism for various cardiovascular (CV) disorders. It is well established that patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases are characterized by significantly increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. The current European guidelines on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in clinical practice recommend to use a 1,5-factor multiplier for CV risk in rheumatoid arthritis as well as in other autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis in these diseases, especially in the absence of traditional risk factors, still remain unclear. Oxidative stress plays the major role in the endothelial dysfunction and recently is strongly attributed to endothelial NO synthase dysfunction (eNOS uncoupling). Converted to a superoxide-producing enzyme, uncoupled eNOS not only leads to reduction of the nitric oxide (NO) generation but also potentiates the preexisting oxidative stress, which contributes significantly to atherogenesis. However, to date, there are no systemic analyses on the role of eNOS uncoupling in the excess CV mortality linked with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The current review paper addresses this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łuczak
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Marta Madej
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Agata Kasprzyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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Mahdi A, Kövamees O, Pernow J. Improvement in endothelial function in cardiovascular disease - Is arginase the target? Int J Cardiol 2019; 301:207-214. [PMID: 31785959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents an early change in the vascular wall in areas prone to atherosclerotic plaque formation and is present in association with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The underlying mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial and complex. Arginase has emerged as a key player in the regulation of endothelial integrity by the ability of reciprocally inhibits nitric oxide formation and promoting oxidative stress. A chain of evidence suggest that arginase is implicated in the pathogenesis underlying endothelial dysfunction induced by several cardiovascular risk factors and established cardiovascular disease including diabetes, hypercholesteremia, ischemia/reperfusion, atherosclerosis, obesity, ageing and hypertension. Recent data has unveiled a key role of arginase as one of the key mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in previously overlooked compartments including red blood cells. The current review is devoted to discuss arginase as a key mediator in endothelial dysfunction and the potential for therapeutic possibilities to target this enzyme in various diseases, especially type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion with focus on translational and clinical aspects. Moreover, approaches of how and in which patient group(s) arginase may be targeted in future clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Kövamees
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Krystofova J, Pathipati P, Russ J, Sheldon A, Ferriero D. The Arginase Pathway in Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:437-450. [PMID: 30995639 PMCID: PMC6784534 DOI: 10.1159/000496467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) occurs in an age-dependent manner. Neuroprotective strategies assumed to be effective in adults might have deleterious effects in the immature brain. In order to create effective therapies, the complex pathophysiology of HI in the developing brain requires exploring new mechanisms. Critical determinants of neuronal survival after HI are the extent of vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, followed later by tissue repair. The key enzyme of these processes in the human body is arginase (ARG) that acts via the bioavailability of nitric oxide, and the synthesis of polyamines and proline. ARG is expressed throughout the brain in different cells. However, little is known about the effect of ARG in pathophysiological states of the brain, especially hypoxia-ischemia. Here, we summarize the role of ARG during neurodevelopment as well as in various brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krystofova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ann Sheldon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donna Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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19
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Ryu Y, Kee HJ, Sun S, Seok YM, Choi SY, Kim GR, Kee SJ, Pflieger M, Kurz T, Kim HS, Jeong MH. Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 attenuates vasoconstriction and inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213186. [PMID: 30830950 PMCID: PMC6398866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to improve hypertension. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect and regulatory mechanism of the class I HDAC selective inhibitors, MS-275 and RGFP966, in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertensive mice. Methods and results MS-275 inhibited the activity of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, while RGFP966 weakly inhibited that of HDAC3 in a cell-free system. MS-275 and RGFP966 treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and thickness of the aorta wall in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. MS-275 treatment reduced aorta collagen deposition, as determined by Masson’s trichrome staining. MS-275 decreased the components of the renin angiotensin system and increased vascular relaxation of rat aortic rings via the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. NO levels reduced by Ang II were restored by MS-275 treatment in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, MS-275 dose (3 mg·kg-1·day-1) was not enough to induce NO production in vivo. In addition, MS-275 did not prevent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the aorta of Ang II-induced mice. Treatment with MS-275 failed to inhibit Ang II-induced expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, and p47phox. MS-275 treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, as well as adhesion molecules. Histological analysis showed that Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration was reduced by MS-275 and RGFP966 administration. Conclusions Our results indicate that class I HDAC selective inhibitors may be good therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension through the regulation of vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction, as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Simei Sun
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lincheng New District Zhoushan Zhejiang, China
| | - Young Mi Seok
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Marc Pflieger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr, 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr, 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forsensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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20
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The VGVAPG Peptide Regulates the Production of Nitric Oxide Synthases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mouse Astrocyte Cells In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1127-1137. [PMID: 30759294 PMCID: PMC6482294 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The products of elastin degradation, namely elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), are detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy individuals and in patients after ischemic stroke, and their number increases with age. Depending on their concentrations, both nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) take part either in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury or in neurovascular protection after ischemic stroke. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of VGVAPG peptide on ROS and NO production and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNos) in mouse cortical astrocytes in vitro. Primary astrocytes were maintained in DMEM/F12 without phenol red supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed to rising VGVAPG peptide concentrations, and ROS and NO production was measured. After 6 h (for mRNA) and 24 (for the protein) of exposure to 10 nM and 1 µM of the peptide, expression of nNos, iNos and eNos was measured. Moreover, the Glb1 siRNA gene knockdown method and Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) agonist, were applied. Our study shows that the VGVAPG peptide decreased eNos, iNos and nNos mRNA and protein expression in mouse astrocytes in vitro. The VGVAPG peptide also decreased NO production while increasing ROS production in the cells. Furthermore, silencing of the Glb1 gene reversed all effects caused by the VGVAPG peptide. However, due to the lack of sufficient data explaining the molecular mechanism of action of the VGVAPG peptide in the nervous system, more studies in this area are necessary.
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21
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Moretto J, Girard C, Demougeot C. The role of arginase in aging: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019; 116:54-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Choudry M, Tang X, Santorian T, Wasnik S, Xiao J, Xing W, Lau KW, Mohan S, Baylink DJ, Qin X. Deficient arginase II expression without alteration in arginase I expression attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Immunology 2018; 155:85-98. [PMID: 29574762 PMCID: PMC6099175 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past there have been a multitude of studies that ardently support the role of arginase II (Arg II) in vascular and endothelial disorders; however, the regulation and function of Arg II in autoimmune diseases has thus far remained unclear. Here we report that a global Arg II null mutation in mice suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. During EAE, both Arg I and Arg II were induced in spinal cords, but only Arg II was induced in spleens and splenic dendritic cells (DCs). DC activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CD40L or TLR8 agonist significantly enhanced Arg II expression without affecting Arg I expression. Conversely, DC differentiating cytokines [IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] yielded opposite effects. In addition, Arg I and Arg II were regulated differentially during Th1 and Th17 cell polarization. Arg II deficiency in mice delayed EAE onset, ameliorated clinical symptoms and reduced myelin loss, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in the EAE-induced spinal cord expression of Th17 cell markers (IL-17 and RORγt). The abundance of Th17 cells and IL-23+ cells in relevant draining lymph nodes was significantly reduced in Arg II knockout mice. In activated DCs, Arg II deficiency significantly suppressed the expression of Th17-differentiating cytokines IL-23 and IL-6. Interestingly, Arg II deficiency did not lead to any compensatory increase in Arg I expression in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, Arg II was identified as a factor promoting EAE likely via an Arg I-independent mechanism. Arg II may promote EAE by enhancing DC production of Th17-differentiating cytokines. Specific inhibition of Arg II could be a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | | | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Jidong Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound & ImagingThird Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Weirong Xing
- J. L Pettis VA Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Kin‐Hing William Lau
- J. L Pettis VA Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- J. L Pettis VA Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - David J. Baylink
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Xuezhong Qin
- J. L Pettis VA Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
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23
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Bryophyllum pinnatum inhibits arginase II activity and prevents oxidative damage occasioned by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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24
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Yang C, DeMars KM, Candelario-Jalil E. Age-Dependent Decrease in Adropin is Associated with Reduced Levels of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Increased Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain. Aging Dis 2018; 9:322-330. [PMID: 29896421 PMCID: PMC5963353 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide highly expressed in the brain. Emerging evidence indicates that low plasma levels of adropin are closely associated with aging and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that aging reduces adropin levels in the brain, which correlates with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased oxidative stress associated with age-related endothelial dysfunction. Cortical brain tissue and plasma were collected from young (10-12 weeks old) and aged (18-20 months old) male Sprague-Dawley naïve rats. Using RT-qPCR, we quantified the mRNA levels of the energy homeostasis associated (Enho) gene encoding for adropin. Western blotting was utilized to measure adropin and markers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Levels of adropin in plasma were measured using an ELISA kit. Compared to young rats, both Enho mRNA and protein levels were dramatically reduced in the aged rat brain, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in plasma adropin levels in aged compared to young rats. Additionally, total and phosphorylated levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were significantly decreased in aged rat brains and were associated with dramatically increased gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase (a major source of free radicals) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation marker. Brain levels of Akt and caveolin-1 were significantly reduced in aged rats compared with young animals. Collectively, these findings indicate that adropin levels negatively correlate with markers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative injury, which raises the possibility that loss of brain adropin might play a role in the pathogenesis and development of aging-associated cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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25
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Yu Y, Xiong Y, Montani JP, Yang Z, Ming XF. Arginase-II activates mTORC1 through myosin-1b in vascular cell senescence and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29472548 PMCID: PMC5833809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type-II L-arginine:ureahydrolase, arginase-II (Arg-II), is shown to activate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and contributes to cell senescence and apoptosis. In an attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we identified myosin-1b (Myo1b) as a mediator. Overexpression of Arg-II induces re-distribution of lysosome and mTOR but not of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) from perinuclear area to cell periphery, dissociation of TSC from lysosome and activation of mTORC1-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) pathway. Silencing Myo1b prevents all these alterations induced by Arg-II. By overexpressing Myo1b or its mutant with point mutation in its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain we further demonstrate that this effect of Myo1b is dependent on its PH domain that is required for Myo1b-lysosome association. Notably, Arg-II promotes association of Myo1b with lysosomes. In addition, we show that in senescent vascular smooth muscle cells with elevated endogenous Arg-II, silencing Myo1b prevents Arg-II-mediated lysosomal positioning, dissociation of TSC from lysosome, mTORC1 activation and cell apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Myo1b mediates the effect of Arg-II in activating mTORC1-S6K1 through promoting peripheral lysosomal positioning, that results in spatial separation and thus dissociation of TSC from lysosome, leading to hyperactive mTORC1-S6K1 signaling linking to cellular senescence/apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Arginase II inhibition prevents interleukin-8 production through regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation activated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in nLDL-stimulated hAoSMCs. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e438. [PMID: 29391541 PMCID: PMC5903817 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase inhibition exhibits beneficial effects in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs), native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) induced the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) that is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of arginase inhibition on IL-8 production and the underlying mechanism. In hAoSMCs, reverse transcription–PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry with MitoTracker confirmed that arginase II was confined predominantly to mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. The MMP decreased upon nLDL stimulation but was restored upon arginase inhibition. MMP loss caused by nLDL was prevented by treatment with the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. In mitochondrial Ca2+ measurements using Rhod-2 AM, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels by nLDL were inhibited upon preincubation with an arginase inhibitor. Among the polyamines, spermine, an arginase activity-dependent product, caused mitochondrial Ca2+ movement. The nLDL-induced MMP change resulted in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and IL-8 production and was prevented by the arginase inhibitors BAPTA and ruthenium 360. In isolated AoSMCs from ApoE−/− mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, arginase activity, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, spermine and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) production were increased compared with wild-type (WT) mice. However, in AoSMCs isolated from arginase II-null mice, increases in MMP and decreases in mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were noted compared with WT and were associated with p38 MAPK activation and IL-8 production. These data suggest that arginase activity regulates the change in MMP through Ca2+ uptake that is essential for p38 MAPK phosphorylation and IL-8 production.
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27
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The effect of thymic mesenchymal stromal cells on arginase activity and nitric oxide produced by mouse macrophages. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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28
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Zhu C, Yu Y, Montani JP, Ming XF, Yang Z. Arginase-I enhances vascular endothelial inflammation and senescence through eNOS-uncoupling. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:82. [PMID: 28153047 PMCID: PMC5290613 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Augmented arginase-II (Arg-II) is implicated in endothelial senescence and inflammation through a mutual positive regulatory circuit with S6K1. This study was conducted to investigate whether Arg-I, another isoform of arginase that has been also reported to play a role in vascular endothelial dysfunction, promotes endothelial senescence through similar mechanisms. Results The non-senescent human endothelial cells from umbilical veins (passage 2 to 4) were transduced with empty recombinant adenovirus vector (rAd/CMV) as control or rAd/CMV-Arg-I to overexpress Arg-I. Overexpressing Arg-I promoted eNOS-uncoupling, enhanced senescence markers including p53-S15, p21 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and increased inflammatory vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as well as monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells without activating S6K1. All the effects of Arg-I were inhibited by the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that Arg-I promotes endothelial senescence and inflammatory responses through eNOS-uncoupling unrelated to activation of the S6K1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Zhu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yi Yu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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29
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Nguyen MC, Ryoo S. Intravenous administration of piceatannol, an arginase inhibitor, improves endothelial dysfunction in aged mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 21:83-90. [PMID: 28066144 PMCID: PMC5214914 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is one of the risk factors for vascular diseases that are mainly caused by impaired nitric oxide (NO) production. It has been demonstrated that endothelial arginase constrains the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and limits NO generation. Hence, arginase inhibition is suggested to be vasoprotective in aging. In this study, we examined the effects of intravenous injection of Piceatannol, an arginase inhibitor, on aged mice. Our results show that Piceatannol administration reduced the blood pressure in aged mice by inhibiting arginase activity, which was associated with NO production and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, Piceatannol administration recovered Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation, eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS dimer stability in the aged mice. The improved NO signaling was shown to be effective in attenuating the phenylephrine-dependent contractile response and in enhancing the acetylcholine-dependent vasorelaxation response in aortic rings from the aged mice. These data suggest Piceatannol as a potential treatment for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Cong Nguyen
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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30
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Arginase 2 promotes neurovascular degeneration during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2483. [PMID: 27882947 PMCID: PMC5260867 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness and is involved in various disorders including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, optic neuropathies and retinopathy of prematurity. Neurovascular degeneration is a common feature of these pathologies. Our lab has previously reported that the ureahydrolase arginase 2 (A2) is involved in ischemic retinopathies. Here, we are introducing A2 as a therapeutic target to prevent neurovascular injury after retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. Studies were performed with mice lacking both copies of A2 (A2−/−) and wild-type (WT) controls (C57BL6J). I/R insult was conducted on the right eye and the left eye was used as control. Retinas were collected for analysis at different times (3 h–4 week after injury). Neuronal and microvascular degeneration were evaluated using NeuN staining and vascular digests, respectively. Glial activation was evaluated by glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Necrotic cell death was studied by propidium iodide labeling and western blot for RIP-3. Arginase expression was determined by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Retinal function was determined by electroretinography (ERG). A2 mRNA and protein levels were increased in WT I/R. A2 deletion significantly reduced ganglion cell loss and microvascular degeneration and preserved retinal morphology after I/R. Glial activation, reactive oxygen species formation and cell death by necroptosis were significantly reduced by A2 deletion. ERG showed improved positive scotopic threshold response with A2 deletion. This study shows for the first time that neurovascular injury after retinal I/R is mediated through increased expression of A2. Deletion of A2 was found to be beneficial in reducing neurovascular degeneration after I/R.
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Shimosato T, Tawa M, Iwasaki H, Imamura T, Okamura T. Aging does not affect soluble guanylate cyclase redox state in mouse aortas. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12816. [PMID: 27233303 PMCID: PMC4886176 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Although the redox state of the NO acceptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is another determinant factor for its bioavailability and is disturbed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to be increased with age, it is unclear whether aging actually has an impact on vascular sGC redox equilibrium. Therefore, this study investigated this issue using two different types of compounds, the sGC stimulator BAY 41‐2272 and the sGC activator BAY 60‐2770. Plasma thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) levels were markedly higher in aged (19–20 months old) mice than in young (2–3 months old) mice, whereas superoxide levels in endothelium‐denuded aortas were not different between the groups. The relaxant response of endothelium‐denuded aortas to either BAY 41‐2272 or BAY 60‐2770 was identical in aged and young mice. In addition, the vascular cGMP production stimulated with BAY 41‐2272 or BAY 60‐2770 in aged mice was the same level as that in young mice. These findings suggest that aging accompanied by an increase in systemic oxidative stress does not affect vascular smooth muscle ROS generation and sGC redox equilibrium. Unless ROS are increased in vascular smooth muscle, the sGC redox equilibrium might remain unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimosato
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomio Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Arginase as a Critical Prooxidant Mediator in the Binomial Endothelial Dysfunction-Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:924860. [PMID: 26064427 PMCID: PMC4434223 DOI: 10.1155/2015/924860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arginase is a metalloenzyme which hydrolyzes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. Since its discovery, in the early 1900s, this enzyme has gained increasing attention, as literature reports have progressively pointed to its critical participation in regulating nitric oxide bioavailability. Indeed, accumulating evidence in the following years would picture arginase as a key player in vascular health. Recent studies have highlighted the arginase regulatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis, the latter an essentially prooxidant state. Apart from the fact that arginase has been proven to impair different metabolic pathways, and also as a consequence of this, the repercussions of the actions of such enzyme go further than first thought. In fact, such metalloenzyme exhibits direct implications in multiple cardiometabolic diseases, among which are hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Considering the epidemiological repercussions of these clinical conditions, arginase is currently seen under the spotlights of the search for developing specific inhibitors, in order to mitigate its deleterious effects. That said, the present review focuses on the role of arginase in endothelial function and its participation in the establishment of atherosclerotic lesions, discussing the main regulatory mechanisms of the enzyme, also highlighting the potential development of pharmacological strategies in related cardiovascular diseases.
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Agarwal A, Sharma R, Durairajanayagam D, Ayaz A, Cui Z, Willard B, Gopalan B, Sabanegh E. Major protein alterations in spermatozoa from infertile men with unilateral varicocele. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:8. [PMID: 25890347 PMCID: PMC4383193 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of varicocele, a common cause of male factor infertility, remains unclear. Proteomic changes responsible for the underlying pathology of unilateral varicocele have not been evaluated. The objective of this prospective study was to employ proteomic techniques and bioinformatic tools to identify and analyze proteins of interest in infertile men with unilateral varicocele. METHODS Spermatozoa from infertile men with unilateral varicocele (n=5) and from fertile men (control; n=5) were pooled in two groups respectively. Proteins were extracted and separated by 1-D SDS-PAGE. Bands were digested and identified on a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer system. Bioinformatic analysis identified the pathways and functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEP). RESULTS Sperm concentration, motility and morphology were lower, and reactive oxygen species levels were higher in unilateral varicocele patients compared to healthy controls. The total number of proteins identified were 1055, 1010 and 1042 in the fertile group, and 795, 713 and 763 proteins in the unilateral varicocele group. Of the 369 DEP between both groups, 120 proteins were unique to the fertile group and 38 proteins were unique to the unilateral varicocele group. Compared to the control group, 114 proteins were overexpressed while 97 proteins were underexpressed in the unilateral varicocele group. We have identified 29 proteins of interest that are involved in spermatogenesis and other fundamental reproductive events such as sperm maturation, acquisition of sperm motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization. The major functional pathways of the 359 DEP related to the unilateral varicocele group involve metabolism, disease, immune system, gene expression, signal transduction and apoptosis. Functional annotations showed that unilateral varicocele mostly affected small molecule biochemistry and post-translational modification proteins. Proteins expressed uniquely in the unilateral varicocele group were cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 precursor (CRISP2) and arginase-2 (ARG2). CONCLUSIONS The expression of these proteins of interest are altered and possibly functionally compromised in infertile men with unilateral varicocele. If validated, these proteins may lead to potential biomarker(s) and help better understand the mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of unilateral varicocele in infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Ahmet Ayaz
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Zhihong Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Banu Gopalan
- Proteomics Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Edmund Sabanegh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Arriarán S, Agnelli S, Remesar X, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M. The urea cycle of rat white adipose tissue. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue urea-cycle enzymes showed a high activity and gene expression, second only to liver in catalytic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Arriarán
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Silvia Agnelli
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Meininger GA, Martinez-Lemus LA. The role of reactive oxygen species in microvascular remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23792-835. [PMID: 25535075 PMCID: PMC4284792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation is a portion of the vascular circulatory system that consists of resistance arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. It is the place where gases and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissues. In addition the microcirculation is the major contributor to blood flow resistance and consequently to regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, structural remodeling of this section of the vascular tree has profound implications on cardiovascular pathophysiology. This review is focused on the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play on changing the structural characteristics of vessels within the microcirculation. Particular attention is given to the resistance arteries and the functional pathways that are affected by ROS in these vessels and subsequently induce vascular remodeling. The primary sources of ROS in the microcirculation are identified and the effects of ROS on other microcirculatory remodeling phenomena such as rarefaction and collateralization are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Staiculescu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Christopher Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Suwanpradid J, Rojas M, Behzadian MA, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase 2 deficiency prevents oxidative stress and limits hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular degeneration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110604. [PMID: 25375125 PMCID: PMC4222858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperoxia exposure of premature infants causes obliteration of the immature retinal microvessels, leading to a condition of proliferative vitreoretinal neovascularization termed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous work has demonstrated that the hyperoxia-induced vascular injury is mediated by dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase resulting in peroxynitrite formation. This study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the ureahydrolase enzyme arginase in this pathology. Methods and Findings Studies were performed using hyperoxia-treated bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRE) and mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) as experimental models of ROP. Treatment with the specific arginase inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) prevented hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of BRE cells and reduced vaso-obliteration in the OIR model. Furthermore, deletion of the arginase 2 gene protected against hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration, enhanced physiological vascular repair, and reduced retinal neovascularization in the OIR model. Additional deletion of one copy of arginase 1 did not improve the vascular pathology. Analyses of peroxynitrite by quantitation of its biomarker nitrotyrosine, superoxide by dihydroethidium imaging and NO formation by diaminofluoroscein imaging showed that the protective actions of arginase 2 deletion were associated with blockade of superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and normalization of NOS activity. Conclusions Our data demonstrate the involvement of arginase activity and arginase 2 expression in hyperoxia-induced vascular injury. Arginase 2 deletion prevents hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular injury by preventing NOS uncoupling resulting in decreased reactive oxygen species formation and increased nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - M. Ali Behzadian
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang Z, Ming XF. Functions of arginase isoforms in macrophage inflammatory responses: impact on cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Front Immunol 2014; 5:533. [PMID: 25386179 PMCID: PMC4209887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a paramount role in immunity and inflammation-associated diseases, including infections, cardiovascular diseases, obesity-associated metabolic imbalances, and cancer. Compelling evidence from studies of recent years demonstrates that macrophages are heterogeneous and undergo heterogeneous phenotypic changes in response to microenvironmental stimuli. The M1 killer type response and the M2 repair type response are best known, and are two extreme examples. Among other markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase and type-I arginase (Arg-I), the enzymes that are involved in l-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, are associated with the M1 and M2 phenotype, respectively, and therefore widely used as the markers for characterization of the two macrophage phenotypes. There is also a type-II arginase (Arg-II), which is expressed in macrophages and prevalently viewed as having the same function as Arg-I in the cells. In contrast to Arg-I, little information on the role of Arg-II in macrophage inflammatory responses is available. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that differential roles of Arg-I and Arg-II in regulating macrophage functions. In this article, we will review recent developments on the functional roles of the two arginase isoforms in regulation of macrophage inflammatory responses by focusing on their impact on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Vascular Biology, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Vascular Biology, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
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Taşolar H, Eyyüpkoca F, Aktürk E, Karakuş Y, Cansel M, Yağmur J, Ozyalin F, Altun B, Pekdemir H. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels and their response to exercise in patients with slow coronary flow. Cardiovasc J Afr 2014; 24:355-9. [PMID: 24337211 PMCID: PMC3896107 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2013-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of slow coronary flow (SCF) even if there is no obstructive epicardial lesion. Reduced plasma levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are an important indicator of endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to determine plasma levels of eNOS and their relationship with exercise in patients with SCF. Methods Twenty-two patients with SCF in at least one coronary artery and 17 healthy individuals were included in this study. The TIMI frame count method was used to determine SCF. Plasma levels of eNOS before and after effort were determined in the patient and control groups. Results Basal eNOS levels in the patient group were lower than in the control group (p = 0.040), and plasma eNOS levels after exercise decreased more significantly in the patient group compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Median decreases of eNOS in response to exercise were higher in the SCF group than in the control group (p < 0.001), and the decrease observed in the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.35). There were significantly negative correlations between TIMI frame count and plasma levels of eNOS at baseline and after exercise (r = –0.51, p = 0.015, r = –0.58, p = 0.005, respectively). Moreover, there was also a positive correlation between the rate–pressure product and plasma levels of eNOS after exercise in patients with SCF (r = 0.494, p = 0.019). Conclusion Our findings indicate an important pathophysiological relationship between the severity of SCF in which endothelial dysfunction plays a role in its pathogenesis and the level of circulating plasma levels of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Taşolar
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman University, Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Jones Buie JN, Oates JC. Role of interferon alpha in endothelial dysfunction: insights into endothelial nitric oxide synthase-related mechanisms. Am J Med Sci 2014; 348:168-75. [PMID: 24796291 PMCID: PMC4526236 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens such as double-stranded DNA. Lupus predominantly affects women (ratio, 9:1). Moreover, premenopausal women with SLE are 50 times more likely to have a myocardial infarction. Although specific risk factors for advanced cardiovascular complications have not been identified in this patient population, endothelial dysfunction is highly prevalent. Recent studies show that the type I interferon signature gene expression coincides with impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and diminished endothelial progenitor cell circulation, both markers of impaired endothelial function. Although many factors promote the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction, all pathways converge on the diminished activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Studies examining the effects of type I interferons on eNOS and NO in SLE are missing. This literature review examines the current literature regarding the role of type I interferons in cardiovascular disease and its known effects on regulators of eNOS and NO bioavailability that are important for proper endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy N Jones Buie
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology in the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina; and Division of Rheumatology and Immunology (JNJB, JCO), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Endothelial arginine resynthesis contributes to the maintenance of vasomotor function in male diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102264. [PMID: 25033204 PMCID: PMC4102520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) is essential for recycling L-citrulline, the by-product of NO synthase (NOS), to the NOS substrate L-arginine. Here, we assessed whether disturbed arginine resynthesis modulates endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in normal and diabetic male mice. Methods and Results Endothelium-selective Ass-deficient mice (Assfl/fl/Tie2Cretg/− = Ass-KOTie2) were generated by crossing Assfl/fl mice ( = control) with Tie2Cre mice. Gene ablation in endothelial cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Blood pressure (MAP) was recorded in 34-week-old male mice. Vasomotor responses were studied in isolated saphenous arteries of 12- and 34-week-old Ass-KOTie2 and control animals. At the age of 10 weeks, diabetes was induced in control and Ass-KOTie2 mice by streptozotocin injections. Vasomotor responses of diabetic animals were studied 10 weeks later. MAP was similar in control and Ass-KOTie2 mice. Depletion of circulating L-arginine by arginase 1 infusion or inhibition of NOS activity with L-NAME resulted in an increased MAP (10 and 30 mmHg, respectively) in control and Ass-KOTie2 mice. Optimal arterial diameter, contractile responses to phenylephrine, and relaxing responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were similar in healthy control and Ass-KOTie2 mice. However, in diabetic Ass-KOTie2 mice, relaxation responses to acetylcholine and endothelium-derived NO (EDNO) were significantly reduced when compared to diabetic control mice. Conclusions Absence of endothelial citrulline recycling to arginine did not affect blood pressure and systemic arterial vasomotor responses in healthy mice. EDNO-mediated vasodilatation was significantly more impaired in diabetic Ass-KOTie2 than in control mice demonstrating that endothelial arginine recycling becomes a limiting endothelial function in diabetes.
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Piell KM, Qipshidze Kelm N, Caroway MP, Aman M, Cole MP. Nitrite treatment rescues cardiac dysfunction in aged mice treated with conjugated linoleic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:66-75. [PMID: 24721151 PMCID: PMC4108078 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (cLA) is a commercially available weight-loss supplement that is not currently regulated by the U.S. FDA. Numerous studies suggest that cLA mediates protection against diseases including cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, immune function, and obesity. Based upon these reports, it was hypothesized that supplementation with cLA would improve heart function in aged wild-type (WT) mice. At 10 months of age, mice were treated with cLA, nitrite, or the combination of the two. Echocardiograms revealed that cardiac function was decreased in aged compared to young WT mice, as determined by percentage of fractional shortening. Also, contrary to the hypothesis, mice that received cLA (6-week treatment) had significantly worse cardiac function compared to controls. This effect was attenuated when mice were cotreated with cLA and nitrite. Taken together, these results suggest that cLA-mediated cardiac injury can be circumvented by nitrite supplementation in a murine model of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Natia Qipshidze Kelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Megan P Caroway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Masarath Aman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine in healthy children and adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21819-32. [PMID: 24192823 PMCID: PMC3856037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is formed when lysine replaces ornithine in reactions catalyzed by hepatic urea cycle enzymes or lysine substitutes for glycine as a substrate of renal arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. Decreased circulating homoarginine and elevated ornithine, a downstream product of arginase, predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. Our aim was to investigate correlates of plasma homoarginine and ornithine and their relations with carotid vascular structure in 40 healthy children and adolescents aged 3–18 years without coexistent diseases or subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Homoarginine, ornithine, arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and extra-medial thickness (EMT) of common carotid arteries were estimated by B-mode ultrasound. Homoarginine correlated with arginine (r = 0.43, p = 0.005), age (r = 0.42, p = 0.007) and, weakly, with an increased arginine-to-ornithine ratio, a putative measure of lower arginase activity (r = 0.31, p = 0.048). Ornithine correlated inversely with arginine (r = −0.64, p < 0.001). IMT, EMT or their sum were unrelated to any of the biochemical parameters (p > 0.12). Thus, opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine may partially result from possible involvement of arginase, an enzyme controlling homoarginine degradation and ornithine synthesis from arginine. Age-dependency of homoarginine levels can reflect developmental changes in homoarginine metabolism. However, neither homoarginine nor ornithine appears to be associated with carotid vascular structure in healthy children and adolescents.
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Yang Z, Ming XF. Arginase: the emerging therapeutic target for vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:149. [PMID: 23781221 PMCID: PMC3679468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation in the vascular wall are essential mechanisms of atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunctions associated with risk factors such as metabolic diseases, aging, hypertension, etc. Evidence has been provided that activation of the vascular endothelial cells in the presence of the risk factors promotes oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory responses, leading to acceleration of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Increasing number of studies from recent years demonstrates that uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whereby the enzyme eNOS produces detrimental amount of superoxide anion O2− instead the vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO⋅), plays a critical role in vascular dysfunction under various pathophysiological conditions and in aging. The mechanisms of eNOS-uncoupling seem multiple and complex. Recent research provides emerging evidence supporting an essential role of increased activity of arginases including arginase-I and arginase-II in causing eNOS-uncoupling, which results in vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and ultimately leading to vascular diseases. This review article will summarize the most recent findings on the functional roles of arginases in vascular diseases and/or dysfunctions and the underlying mechanisms in relation to oxidative stress and inflammations. Moreover, regulatory mechanisms of arginases in the vasculature are reviewed and the future perspectives of targeting arginases as therapeutic options in vascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Vascular Biology, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
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Abstract
Arginase metabolizes the semi-essential amino acid l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. There are two distinct isoforms of arginase, arginase I and II, which are encoded by separate genes and display differences in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and molecular regulation. Blood vessels express both arginase I and II but their distribution appears to be cell-, vessel-, and species-specific. Both isoforms of arginase are induced by numerous pathologic stimuli and contribute to vascular cell dysfunction and vessel wall remodeling in several diseases. Clinical and experimental studies have documented increases in the expression and/or activity of arginase I or II in blood vessels following arterial injury and in pulmonary and arterial hypertension, aging, and atherosclerosis. Significantly, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of arginase in animals ameliorates abnormalities in vascular cells and normalizes blood vessel architecture and function in all of these pathological states. The detrimental effect of arginase in vascular remodeling is attributable to its ability to stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell proliferation, and collagen deposition by promoting the synthesis of polyamines and l-proline, respectively. In addition, arginase adversely impacts arterial remodeling by directing macrophages toward an inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, the proliferative, fibrotic, and inflammatory actions of arginase in the vasculature are further amplified by its capacity to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by competing with NO synthase for substrate, l-arginine. Pharmacologic or molecular approaches targeting specific isoforms of arginase represent a promising strategy in treating obstructive fibroproliferative vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO, USA
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Parent M, Dupuis F, Maincent P, Vigneron C, Leroy P, Boudier A. [Which future in cardiovascular therapy for nitric oxide and its derivatives?]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2013; 71:84-94. [PMID: 23537409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes such as vascular homeostasis. Exogenous NO supply offers major therapeutic interest, especially in the treatment of coronary artery disease, ischemic syndromes and other cardiovascular pathologies. Nevertheless, the administration of NO itself is limited by its short half-life. NO prodrugs have been marketed for decades, e.g. organic nitrates for angina pectoris. These prodrugs display undeniable advantages such as angina crisis relief and preconditioning effect. Nevertheless, they suffer from several drawbacks: toxicity, tolerance, endothelial dysfunction exacerbation. These negative effects are related to massive production of reactive species derived from oxygen or nitrogen, which trigger oxidative and nitrosative stress. New NO donors are under development to overcome those disadvantages, among which the S-nitrosothiols family seems especially promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parent
- Cithéfor, EA 3452, faculté de pharmacie, université de Lorraine, BP 80403, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
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