1
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Givens DI. Animal board invited review: Dietary transition from animal to plant-derived foods: Are there risks to health? Animal 2024; 18:101263. [PMID: 39121724 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-derived foods (ADFs) are a very varied group of foods, but many are nutrient rich and contain higher quality protein than provided by plant-derived foods such that a simple replacement of ADF protein is likely to lead to a reduction in overall protein quality. In addition, many ADFs are richer in some nutrients than plant-based foods (e.g. Fe, Ca) and these often have a higher bioavailability. ADFs also provide nutrients that plants cannot supply (e.g. vitamin B12) and some provide beneficial health functionality (e.g. hypotensive) which is not explained by traditional nutrition. However, there remains a good health reason to increase the proportion of plant-derived food in many diets to increase the intake of dietary fibre which is often consumed at very sub-optimal levels. It seems logical that the increased plant-derived foods should replace the ADFs that have the least benefit, the greatest risk to health and the highest environmental impact. Processed meat fits these characteristics and should be an initial target for replacement with plant-based based protein-rich foods that additionally provide the necessary nutrients and have high-quality dietary fibre. Processed meat covers a wide range of products including several traditional foods (e.g. sausages) which will make decisions on food replacement challenging. There is therefore an urgent need for research to better define the relative health risks associated with the range of processed meat-based foods. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence on the benefits and risks of this dietary transition including the absolute necessity to consider initial nutrient status before the replacement of ADFs is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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2
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Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez M. Plant foods, healthy plant-based diets, and type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:929-948. [PMID: 37550262 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic chronic disease in which insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production lead to elevated blood glucose levels. The prevalence of T2D is growing worldwide, mainly due to obesity and the adoption of Western diets. Replacing animal foods with healthy plant foods is associated with a lower risk of T2D in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials, the consumption of healthy plant foods in place of animal foods led to cardiometabolic improvements in patients with T2D or who were at high risk of the disease. Dietary patterns that limit or exclude animal foods and focus on healthy plant foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes), known as healthy, plant-based diets, are consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D in cohort studies. The aim of this review is to examine the differential effects of plant foods and animal foods on T2D risk and to describe the existing literature about the role of healthy, plant-based diets, particularly healthy vegan diets, in T2D prevention and management. The evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be reported, in addition to the potential biological mechanisms that seem to be involved.
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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4
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Haward R, Chacko J, Konjeti S, Metri GR, Binoy BK, Haward R, Raju S. Debunking the Myth: Eggs and Heart Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e59952. [PMID: 38854339 PMCID: PMC11161868 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Eggs, which are often considered a complete food, have recently been scrutinized by the media as a potential cause of cardiovascular disease. However, the media hasn't shown the same enthusiasm for processed foods high in fructose, the consumption of refined cooking oil, seed oils, and carbohydrate-rich meals, the connection between these factors and metabolic diseases, or the potential long-term impacts on population comorbidities, as they have for criticizing egg yolks as a cause for cardiovascular disease in recent times. This review investigates the relationship between eggs and lipid levels, glucose levels, atherosclerosis, and antioxidant properties, as well as comparing them to cholesterol-free egg controls. We conducted the review in response to a recent trend of discarding nutritious and energy-rich egg yolks due to the belief propagated by the media that removing egg yolks from a normal diet is cardioprotective after the media started to blame egg yolks as the cause of the recent surge in heart attacks. However, the media fails to highlight the fact that eggs have been an integral part of the human diet since the domestication of hens. On the other hand, recent additions to the human diet a few decades ago, such as fructose-rich breakfast cereals, coffee beverages with sugar levels comparable to candy bars, protein supplements for diabetics that are notorious for raising blood glucose levels, and the heightened consumption of seed oil, which causes inflammation, have been responsible for the surge in cardiovascular events in recent times. Social media platforms often showcase visually appealing junk food products and sugary beverages as a sign of wealth, promoting unhealthy processed food and ultimately causing a decline in an individual's lifespan and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Haward
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Joshua Chacko
- Internal Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Sonal Konjeti
- General Practice, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Gurukiran R Metri
- Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bangalore, IND
| | - Bezalel K Binoy
- Internal Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Rachel Haward
- Internal Medicine, KVG Medical College & Hospital, Sullia, IND
| | - Sony Raju
- Emergency Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Thodupuzha, IND
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Fujiyoshi A, Kohsaka S, Hata J, Hara M, Kai H, Masuda D, Miyamatsu N, Nishio Y, Ogura M, Sata M, Sekiguchi K, Takeya Y, Tamura K, Wakatsuki A, Yoshida H, Fujioka Y, Fukazawa R, Hamada O, Higashiyama A, Kabayama M, Kanaoka K, Kawaguchi K, Kosaka S, Kunimura A, Miyazaki A, Nii M, Sawano M, Terauchi M, Yagi S, Akasaka T, Minamino T, Miura K, Node K. JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2024; 88:763-842. [PMID: 38479862 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuhiko Hara
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Wayo Women's University
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume Univeristy Medical Center
| | | | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Eastern Chiba Medical Center
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Helath Science, Osaka University Gradiate School of Medicine
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | | | - Osamu Hamada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Takatsuki General Hospital
| | | | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenjiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | - Masaki Nii
- Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Yale New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Cerebral Center
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Meidicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
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6
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Chopra AK. Dietary management of dyslipidemia. Indian Heart J 2024; 76 Suppl 1:S65-S72. [PMID: 38122980 PMCID: PMC11019336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has made the achievement of optimal lipoprotein levels a major public health priority. As nearly a fifth of global mortality is associated with dietary factors, and recommendations have been mired in controversy, a fresh look on the available data is attempted. Well established concepts regarding nutrition and cardiometabolic health, role of macronutrients, calories, and controversial foods are discussed followed by recommendations in the Indian context. A healthy dietary pattern rather than individual foods or nutrients is emphasized, and this is generally plant based with optional consumption of dairy, eggs, and meats within the suggested limits. Suggestions/recommendations are given for consumption of individual foods, remembering that choosing appropriate replacement foods is as important as restricting unhealthy foods.
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7
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Virtanen JK, Larsson SC. Eggs - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10507. [PMID: 38370115 PMCID: PMC10870976 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer are a significant public health burden in the Nordic and Baltic countries. High intake of eggs, mainly due to its high cholesterol content, has been suggested to have adverse health effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the evidence related to the impact of egg intake on health. A literature search identified 38 systematic reviews and meta-analyses on egg consumption in relation to health outcomes published between 2011 and 30 April 2022. Overall, current evidence from systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials indicates that higher egg intake may increase serum total cholesterol concentration and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but with substantial heterogeneity in the response. However, recent evidence from observational studies does not provide strong support for a detrimental role of moderate egg consumption (up to one egg/day) on the risk of CVD, especially in the European studies. The overall evidence from observational studies indicates that egg consumption is not associated with increased risk of mortality or T2D in European study populations. There is also little support for a role of egg consumption in cancer development, although a weak association with higher risk of certain cancers has been found in some studies, mainly case-control studies. Again, no associations with cancer risk have been observed in European studies. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of egg consumption in relation to other health-related outcomes are scarce. There are also limited data available on the associations between the consumption of more than one egg/day and risk of diseases. Based on the available evidence, one egg/day is unlikely to adversely affect overall disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki K. Virtanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Galiero R, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Monda M, Marfella R, Sardu C, Salvatore T, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utility and Limitations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3669-3689. [PMID: 38028995 PMCID: PMC10658811 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s390752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases in Western countries, and its incidence is constantly increasing. Epidemiological studies have shown that in the next 20 years. The number of subjects affected by T2DM will double. In recent years, owing to the development and improvement in methods for studying the genome, several authors have evaluated the association between monogenic or polygenic genetic alterations and the development of metabolic diseases and complications. In addition, sedentary lifestyle and socio-economic and pandemic factors have a great impact on the habits of the population and have significantly contributed to the increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders, obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, and liver steatosis. Moreover, patients with type 2 diabetes appear to respond to antihyperglycemic drugs. Only a minority of patients could be considered true non-responders. Thus, it appears clear that the main aim of precision medicine in T2DM is to identify patients who can benefit most from a specific drug class more than from the others. Precision medicine is a discipline that evaluates the applicability of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors to disease development. In particular, it evaluated whether these factors could affect the development of diseases and their complications, response to diet, lifestyle, and use of drugs. Thus, the objective is to find prevention models aimed at reducing the incidence of pathology and mortality and therapeutic personalized approaches, to obtain a greater probability of response and efficacy. This review aims to evaluate the applicability of precision medicine for T2DM, a healthcare burden in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Kronsteiner-Gicevic S, Tello M, Lincoln LE, Kondo JK, Naidoo U, Fung TT, Willett WC, Thorndike AN. Validation of the Rapid Prime Diet Quality Score Screener (rPDQS), A Brief Dietary Assessment Tool With Simple Traffic Light Scoring. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1541-1554.e7. [PMID: 37244591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary pattern is a determinant of chronic disease, but nonregistered dietitian nutritionist (non-RDN) clinicians rarely assess diet because of barriers such as time constraints and lack of valid, brief diet quality assessment tools. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of a brief diet quality screener using both a numeric scoring system and a simple traffic light scoring system. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted using the CloudResearch online platform to compare participants' responses to the 13-item rapid Prime Diet Quality Score screener (rPDQS) and the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study was conducted in July and August 2021 and included 482 adults ≥18 years of age or older sampled to be representative of the US population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All participants completed the rPDQS and an ASA24; of these, 190 completed a second ASA24 and rPDQS. Responses to rPDQS items were coded using both traffic light (eg, green = healthiest intake, red = least healthy intake) and numeric (eg, consume < 1 time a week, consume ≥ 2 times per day) scoring methods and were compared with food group equivalents and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores estimated from ASA24s. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to account for within-person variation in 24-hour diet recalls. RESULTS Overall, 49% of participants were female, 62% were ≥35 years, and 66% were non-Hispanic White, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 16% Hispanic/Latino, and 5% Asian. For both food groups to encourage (eg, vegetables, whole grains) and to consume in moderation (eg, processed meats, sweets), there were statistically significant associations with intakes assessed by rPDQS, using both traffic light and numeric scoring methods. Total rPDQS scores correlated with the HEI-2015, r = 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65, 0.82). CONCLUSIONS The rPDQS is a valid, brief diet quality screener that identifies clinically relevant patterns of food intake. Future research is needed to test whether the simple traffic light scoring system is an effective tool that can help non-RDN clinicians provide brief dietary counseling or make referrals to registered dietitian nutritionists, as needed.
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Talebi S, Asoudeh F, Naeini F, Sadeghi E, Travica N, Mohammadi H. Association between animal protein sources and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1131-1143. [PMID: 36647769 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Current findings about the differential effects of various sources of dietary animal protein on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases are contradictory. OBJECTIVE The current meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between intake of dietary animal protein sources and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically until October 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Prospective cohort studies exploring the association between consumption of animal protein sources and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in the general population were included. Among 10 571 identified studies, 33 prospective cohort studies met the eligibility criteria. DATA ANALYSIS Dietary fish consumption was associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 0.75; 95%CI, 0.57-0.97), dementia (RR = 0.84; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93), and cognitive impairment (RR = 0.85; 95%CI, 0.81-0.95). The risk of developing Parkinson's disease was significantly higher among those in the highest vs the lowest intake categories of total dairy (RR = 1.49; 95%CI, 1.06-2.10) and milk (RR = 1.40; 95%CI, 1.13-1.73). Moreover, dietary intake of total dairy (RR = 0.89; 95%CI, 0.80-0.99), total meat (RR = 0.72; 95%CI, 0.57-0.90), and poultry (RR = 0.82; 95%CI, 0.68-0.99) was significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. A linear dose-response meta-analysis revealed that each 200-g increase in total daily dairy intake was associated with an 11% higher risk of Parkinson's disease and a 12% lower risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there was a strong linear association between fish consumption and reduced risk of dementia. CONCLUSION Dairy consumption is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, but a higher intake of fish may be associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disease. Future well-controlled, randomized clinical trials are essential to validate the present findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021281887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Asoudeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Research Consultation Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation; the Food & Mood Centre; and Barwon Health; Deakin University School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Emrani AS, Beigrezaei S, Zademohammadi F, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effect of whole egg consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Syst Rev 2023; 12:125. [PMID: 37461099 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of studies have directly examined the effect of whole eggs on body weight and composition in adults, and they have led to inconsistent results. This study aimed to summarize the evidence on the effect of whole egg consumption on body weight and body composition in adults from clinical trials. METHODS Online databases were searched from inception to April 2023 for clinical trials that directly or indirectly assessed the effect of whole eggs consumption on anthropometric measures including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat-free mass (FFM) in adults. A random effects model was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 32 controlled clinical trials were included in the systematic review. The analyses revealed that whole egg consumption has no significant effect on body weight (n = 22), BMI (n = 13), WC (n = 10), and FFM (n = 4, P > 0.05). The subgroup analyses showed that whole egg consumption has an increasing effect on body weight and BMI in studies that lasted more than 12 weeks and in unhealthy participants (P < 0.05). A significant increasing effect on BMI was found in studies that the control group did not receive any egg (P < 0.05). Moreover, in studies that there was no significant difference in energy intake between the intervention and control groups, weight, and WC were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, in studies that participants in the control group received another food or supplement, studies with calorie restriction, and studies on healthy subjects, whole egg intake significantly decreased BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although whole egg consumption had no adverse effect on body composition and body weight, in overall, it might increase body weight in long term. Egg consumption beneficially affects BMI in healthy people and during weight loss diet. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration number: CRD42022308045).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Sadat Emrani
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Faezeh Zademohammadi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran.
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Deseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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12
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Myers M, Ruxton CHS. Eggs: Healthy or Risky? A Review of Evidence from High Quality Studies on Hen's Eggs. Nutrients 2023; 15:2657. [PMID: 37375561 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hen's eggs (from Gallus gallus domesticus) provide choline, folate, vitamin D, iodine, B vitamins and high-quality protein and are no longer viewed by national bodies as a risk factor for hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, questions remain about the benefits and risks of eating eggs regularly. This review evaluates recent high-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of observational studies and considers new areas of interest, such as weight management, protein metabolism, allergy risk and sustainability. In several RCT, eggs increased muscle protein synthesis and lowered fat mass, which could support optimal body composition. Eggs within a meal improved satiety, which could translate into lower energy intakes, although more RCT are needed. In observational studies, higher egg consumption was associated with a null effect or a modest reduced risk of CVD. For type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence and risk of CVD in people with T2D, there were inconsistencies between observational and RCT data, with the former noting positive associations and the latter seeing no effect of higher egg intake on markers of T2D and CVD. Sustainability metrics suggest that eggs have the lowest planetary impact amongst animal proteins. To lower allergy risk, earlier introduction of eggs into weaning diets is warranted. In conclusion, the balance of evidence points to eggs being a nutritious food suggesting there are broad health benefits from including eggs in the diet at intakes higher than that currently consumed by European populations.
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Kouvari M, Damigou E, Florentin M, Kosti RI, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos CS, Panagiotakos DB. Egg Consumption, Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The Interaction with Saturated Fatty Acids. Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002-2012). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245291. [PMID: 36558450 PMCID: PMC9783240 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the association of egg intake with 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of individuals of Mediterranean origin. Methods: In 2001−2002, n = 1514 men and n = 1528 women (>18 years old) from the greater Athens area, Greece, were enrolled. Information on any egg intake, eaten as a whole, partly or in recipes was assessed via a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Follow-up for CVD evaluation (2011−2012) was achieved in n = 2020 participants (n = 317 CVD cases). Results: Ranking from lowest (<1 serving/week) to intermediate (1−4 servings/week) and high (4−7 servings/week) egg consumption tertiles, lower CVD incidence was observed (18%, 9% and 8%, respectively, p-for-trend = 0.004). Unadjusted analysis revealed that 1−3 eggs/week and 4−7 eggs/week were associated with a 60% and 75%, respectively, lower risk of developing CVD compared with the reference group (<1 egg/week). When adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors, significance was retained only for 1−3 eggs/week (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.28, 1.00). When total saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was taken into account, this inverse association was non-significant. Multi-adjusted analysis revealed that in participants of low SFA intake, 1 serving/day increase in egg intake resulted in 45% lower risk of developing CVD. In the case of higher SFA consumption, only 1−3 eggs/week seemed to protect against CVD (HR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.86). In the case of intermediate cardiometabolic disorders, no significant trend was observed. Conclusions: Overall dietary habits principally in terms of SFA intake may be detrimental to define the role of eggs in cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17272 Athens, Greece
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17272 Athens, Greece
| | - Matilda Florentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45221 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (D.B.P.)
| | - Rena I. Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 38221 Trikala, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S. Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17272 Athens, Greece
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (D.B.P.)
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14
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Choline and butyrate beneficially modulate the gut microbiome without affecting atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Atherosclerosis 2022; 362:47-55. [PMID: 36347649 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Choline has been shown to exert atherogenic effects in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, related to its conversion by gut bacteria into trimethylamine (TMA) that is converted by the liver into the proinflammatory metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Since butyrate beneficially modulates the gut microbiota and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether butyrate can alleviate choline-induced atherosclerosis. To this end, we used APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established atherosclerosis-prone model with human-like lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice were fed an atherogenic diet alone or supplemented with choline, butyrate or their combination for 16 weeks. RESULTS Interestingly, choline protected against fat mass gain, increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory gut microbes, and increased the expression of gut microbial genes involved in TMA and TMAO degradation. Butyrate similarly attenuated fat mass gain and beneficially modulated the gut microbiome, as shown by increased abundance of anti-inflammatory and short chain fatty acid-producing microbes, and inhibited expression of gut microbial genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Both choline and butyrate upregulated hepatic expression of flavin-containing monooxygenases, and their combination resulted in highest circulating TMAO levels. Nonetheless, choline, butyrate and their combination did not influence atherosclerosis development, and TMAO levels were not associated with atherosclerotic lesion size. CONCLUSIONS While choline and butyrate have been reported to oppositely modulate atherosclerosis development in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice as related to changes in the gut microbiota, both dietary constituents did not affect atherosclerosis development while beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice.
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15
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Liu R, Zhao Y, Wang X, Fu H, Li Q, Dang S, Yan H. Association of Egg Consumption Frequency and Quantity with Dyslipidemia in Chinese Rural Adults. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36301133 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2098202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to estimate the association of egg consumption with dyslipidemia and its subtypes in Chinese adults. METHODS The cross-sectional health survey was conducted in Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province in 2010.Consumption of eggs (alone and mixed in foods) and nutrients were assessed using a semi-quantitative 81-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum lipids and other physical measurements were measured by trained medical staff. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from multivariable logistic regressions. Restricted cubic spline was used to visualize the possible non-linear association. RESULTS A total of 2241 participants (mean age, 48.0 years; 34.5% men) were included. The age- and gender- standardization dyslipidemia prevalence was 21.1% in men and 18.4% in women, respectively. Approximately 42.1% of individuals never or rarely consumed egg, while 9.4% consumed ≥2 times/week. The mean egg intake was 21.5 g/d in men and 17.4 in women. In women, after adjustment for demographics and lifestyle factors, the ORs (95%CI) for dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia were 0.57(0.32-1.05) and 0.38 (0.17-0.85) for individuals consuming egg ≥2 times/week, compared with never or rarely consumers. When further adjustment of BMI and dietary factors, the inverse relation persisted for hypertriglyceridemia but attenuated to margin of significance for dyslipidemia (P-trend = 0.050). Increment of 25 g/d was associated with 15% (OR: 0.85, (0.71-1.00)) lower risk of dyslipidemia. Results from restricted cubic splines showed a substantial reduction of the risk within lower range of consumption, which reached the minimum risk around 20-50 g/d (P-nonlinearity = 0.069). No associations were observed in men. CONCLUSION Egg consumption was associated with decreased risk of dyslipidemia among Chinese women but not men. Additionally, the beneficial effect tended to be stronger at 20-50 g egg per day. Further study is warranted to validate these findings and clarify the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Liu
- Department of Disinfection and Infection Control, Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Disinfection and Infection Control, Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Disinfection and Infection Control, Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shaonong Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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16
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Effects of Fortified Laying Hen Diet with Moringa oleifera Leaves and Goji Berries on Cholesterol and Carotenoid Egg Content. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9602335 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofortification of basal laying hen feed with natural matrices can improve the beneficial potential of eggs produced without relying on artificial fortification. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hen diet supplementation with dried Moringa leaves (DML) and goji berries (DGB) on egg functional properties in terms of cholesterol and carotenoid content. Forty Lohman Brown Classic laying hens were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (G1) received the basal poultry diet, group G2 received a diet with 5% DML + 10% DGB, group G3 received a diet with 3% DML + 7% DGB, and group G4 received a diet with 15% DML. HPLC-DAD analysis showed that feed supplementation positively influenced the egg carotenoid content, with a valuable increase in xanthophylls concentration, especially lutein (+333.24% in G4, +258.15% in G2, +189.24% in G3, compared to G1). The same trend was also followed by the β-carotene concentration (+181.38% in G3 and +116.01% in G4, compared to G1). Furthermore, the eggs obtained from G3 showed the lowest cholesterol content (−47.08%). Additionally, the performed antioxidant assays showed maximum activity in G2 (+39.11 compared to G1 for the DPPH test) and in G4 (+31.11 compared to G1 for the ABTS test). In conclusion, the G2 experimental diet could be potentially used in poultry industries to produce “functional eggs”.
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17
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Ma W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang S, Xie K, Deng S, Wang R, Guo C, Qin P, Wu X, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Hu F. Association of Egg Consumption with Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Nutr 2022; 152:2227-2237. [PMID: 35524693 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported conflicting associations between egg consumption and the risk of all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality and stroke mortality. With accumulating evidence, up-to-date evidence about the association should be synthesized. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the association of the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with egg consumption. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases through 3 November, 2021 for observational studies conducted in participants ≥18 y of age and which provided ORs, RRs, or HRs and 95% CIs for ≥3 egg consumption categories or for increased intake of egg addressing the associations of interest. A random-effects model was used to pool the reported risk estimates. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine the dose-response association. RESULTS Twenty-four articles with 48 reports (25 for all-cause mortality, 11 for CVD mortality, 6 for IHD mortality, and 6 for stroke mortality) involving 11,890,695 participants were included. Intake of each 1-egg/d increment was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10; P = 0.008), but the association was restricted to women, Americans, and studies with adjustments for hyperlipidemia. Egg consumption was linearly associated with CVD mortality only in participants >60 y of age, Americans, studies with follow-up duration ≥15 y, and studies with adjustments for hyperlipidemia (P ≤ 0.018). No significant association was found between egg consumption and IHD or stroke mortality (P ≥ 0.080). CONCLUSIONS Egg consumption was linearly associated with a modestly increased risk of all-cause mortality and, in older participants, Americans, and studies with longer follow-up or adjustments for hyperlipidemia, CVD mortality. These findings suggest that it may be prudent to avoid high egg consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Ma
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Comprehensive Ward, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kui Xie
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Deng
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunjiang Guo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Abive-Bortsi M, Baidoo ST, Amiteye S. Assessment of Consumers' Perception of Chicken Eggs Consumption and Associated Health Implications in the Volta Region of Ghana. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221118872. [PMID: 36003154 PMCID: PMC9393586 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221118872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rather erroneously, eggs consumption is linked to increase in plasma
cholesterol content and incidents of cardiovascular diseases, cancer,
stroke, or diabetes. This misconception which is more pervasive particularly
in sub-Saharan Africa, has led to very low patronage of eggs intake. In this
study, egg consumption patterns, desired egg characteristics, and the extent
to which the perception of eggs consumption as a health risk is entrenched
among consumers in the Volta Region of Ghana, were examined. Methods: The study used primary data for the analysis and the 2-stage sampling
technique was employed. First, 5 districts (Keta, Ho, Krachi East, Nkwanta
South and North Tongu) were selected and afterward, a sample was randomly
selected from each of the district. A well designed and pretested
questionnaires were administered to the respondents. Results: It was found that cheaper price and deep yellow yolk were the most persuasive
parameters that motivate consumer purchase. The relationship between
educational level and awareness on cholesterol types was significant. More
than half of the respondents held the view that egg intake results in an
increase in serum cholesterol and leads to the incidence of serious health
problems. Recommendation: This study proves the urgent need for a concerted national public education
effort to raise awareness about the nutritional and health benefits of eggs
intake. Success in such awareness creation will go a long way to greatly
minimize acute malnutrition in the Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Abive-Bortsi
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Tawiah Baidoo
- Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business, Christian Service University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amiteye
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Legon, Ghana
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Darooghegi Mofrad M, Naghshi S, Lotfi K, Beyene J, Hypponen E, Pirouzi A, Sadeghi O. Egg and Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878979. [PMID: 35711545 PMCID: PMC9195585 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies examined the associations between egg and dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of mortality from all causes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar until April 2021, as well as references to the relevant articles retrieved. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. lowest categories of egg and dietary cholesterol intake. Also, linear and non-linear dose–response analyses were conducted to examine the dose-response relationships. Results We included 55 studies, comprising data from 2,772,486 individuals with 228,425, 71,745, and 67,211 cases of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, respectively. Intake of each additional egg per day was associated with a 7% higher risk of all-cause (1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12, I2 = 84.8%) and a 13% higher risk of cancer mortality (1.13, 95% CI: 1.06–1.20, I2 = 54.2%), but was not associated with CVD mortality (1.00, 95% CI: 0.92–1.09, I2 = 81.5%). Non-linear analyses showed increased risks for egg consumption of more than 1.5 and 0.5 eggs/day, respectively. Each 100 mg/day increment in dietary cholesterol intake was associated with a 6% higher risk of all-cause mortality (1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08, I2 = 34.5%) and a 6% higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 95% CI: 1.05–1.07, I2 = 0%), but was not associated with CVD mortality (1.04, 95% CI: 0.99–1.10, I2 = 85.9%). Non-linear analyses demonstrated elevated risks of CVD and cancer mortality for intakes more than 450 and 250 mg/day, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance High-dietary intake of eggs and cholesterol was associated with all-cause and cancer mortality. Little evidence for elevated risks was seen for intakes below 0.5 egg/day or 250 mg/day of dietary cholesterol. Our findings should be considered with caution because of small risk estimates and moderate between-study heterogeneity. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=252564, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021252564.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elina Hypponen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Aliyar Pirouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Pan L, Chen L, Lv J, Pang Y, Guo Y, Pei P, Du H, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Gong W, Chen J, Yu C, Chen Z, Li L. Association of egg consumption, metabolic markers, and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A nested case-control study. eLife 2022; 11:72909. [PMID: 35607895 PMCID: PMC9129873 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have assessed the role of individual plasma cholesterol levels in the association between egg consumption and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This research aims to simultaneously explore the associations of self-reported egg consumption with plasma metabolic markers and these markers with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Totally 4778 participants (3401 CVD cases subdivided into subtypes and 1377 controls) aged 30-79 were selected based on the China Kadoorie Biobank. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantify 225 metabolites in baseline plasma samples. Linear regression was conducted to assess associations between self-reported egg consumption and metabolic markers, which were further compared with associations between metabolic markers and CVD risk. Results Egg consumption was associated with 24 out of 225 markers, including positive associations for apolipoprotein A1, acetate, mean HDL diameter, and lipid profiles of very large and large HDL, and inverse associations for total cholesterol and cholesterol esters in small VLDL. Among these 24 markers, 14 were associated with CVD risk. In general, the associations of egg consumption with metabolic markers and of these markers with CVD risk showed opposite patterns. Conclusions In the Chinese population, egg consumption is associated with several metabolic markers, which may partially explain the protective effect of moderate egg consumption on CVD. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973125, 81941018, 91846303, 91843302). The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up is supported by grants (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) from the National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China (81390540, 81390541, 81390544), and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B01). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & ResponseBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Weiwei Gong
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Zhejiang CDCHangzhouChina
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijingChina
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & ResponseBeijingChina
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & ResponseBeijingChina
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21
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Guo N, Zhu Y, Tian D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Mu C, Han C, Zhu R, Liu X. Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:194. [PMID: 35606791 PMCID: PMC9128224 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the major challenges for the global healthcare system, which makes it necessary to explore the relationship between various modifiable factors and stroke risk. Recently, numerous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have reported that dietary factors played a key role in the occurrence of stroke. However, the conclusions of previous studies have remained controversial and unclear. Accordingly, we conducted an umbrella review synthesizing and recalculating available evidence to assess the certainty of the associations between dietary factors and stroke. METHODS Relevant meta-analyses examining the associations between dietary factors and stroke were searched in PubMed and Embase databases up to September 1, 2021. For each eligible meta-analysis, two independent reviewers appraised the methodologic quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria and estimated the summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity between studies, and small-study effects. Moreover, we further assessed the associations between dietary factors and ischemic stroke as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, a set of pre-specified criteria was applied to qualitatively evaluate the epidemiological credibility of each dietary factor. RESULTS Overall, our umbrella review included 122 qualified meta-analyses for qualitative synthesis, involving 71 dietary factors related to food groups, foods, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Using the AMSTAR 2 criteria, 5 studies were assessed as high quality, 4 studies as moderate quality, and 113 studies as low or critically low quality. We identified 34 dietary factors associated with stroke occurrence, 25 dietary factors related to ischemic stroke, and 11 factors related to hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, high/moderate certainty epidemiological evidence demonstrated an inverse association between intake of fruits (RR: 0.90) and vegetables (RR: 0.92) and stroke incidence, but a detrimental association between red meat (RR: 1.12), especially processed red meat consumption (RR:1.17), and stroke incidence. Besides, the evidence of high/moderate certainty suggested that the intake of processed meat, fruits, coffee, tea, magnesium, and dietary fiber was associated with ischemic stroke risk, while consumption of tea, fruits, and vegetables was relevant to hemorrhagic stroke susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study has reported that several dietary factors have a significant impact on stroke risk and offered a new insight into the relationship between dietary modification and stroke occurrence. Our results may provide an effective strategy for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Zhao B, Gan L, Graubard BI, Männistö S, Albanes D, Huang J. Associations of Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol, and Egg Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. Circulation 2022; 145:1506-1520. [PMID: 35360933 PMCID: PMC9134263 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial research highlighting the importance of exogenous dietary cholesterol intake and endogenous serum cholesterol level in human health, a thorough evaluation of the associations is lacking. Our study objective was to examine overall and cause-specific mortality in relation to dietary and serum cholesterol, as well as egg consumption, and conduct an updated meta-regression analysis of cohort studies. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of 27 078 men in the ATBC Study (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention). Multivariable-controlled cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 31-year absolute mortality risk differences. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was also performed (PROSPERO [URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Unique identifier: CRD42021272756]). RESULTS Based on 482 316 person-years of follow-up, we identified 22 035 deaths, including 9110 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Hazard ratios for each additional 300 mg cholesterol intake per day were 1.10 and 1.13 for overall and CVD-related mortality, respectively; for each additional 50-g egg consumed daily, hazard ratios were 1.06 and 1.09, respectively, for overall and CVD-related mortality (all P values<0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, higher serum total cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased risk of CVD-related mortality (hazard ratios per 1 SD increment, 1.14; P<0.0001). The observed associations were generally similar across cohort subgroups. The updated meta-analysis of cohort studies on the basis of 49 risk estimates, 3 601 401 participants, and 255 479 events showed consumption of 1 additional 50-g egg daily was associated with significantly increased CVD risk (pooled relative risk, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.08]; I2=80.1%). In the subgroup analysis of geographic regions (Pinteraction=0.02), an increase of 50-g egg consumed daily was associated with a higher risk of CVD in US cohorts (pooled relative risk, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.14]) and appeared related to a higher CVD risk in European cohorts with borderline significance (pooled relative risk, 1.05), but was not associated with CVD risk in Asian cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis, greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Our findings support restricted consumption of dietary cholesterol as a means to improve long-term health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Sobrepeso y obesidad: factores familiares, dietéticos y de actividad física en escolares de una institución educativa de estrato medio-alto en Cali, Colombia. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:100-115. [PMID: 35866734 PMCID: PMC9400795 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. Colombia es un país con problemas de sobrepeso y obesidad que, en muchas ocasiones, se deben a malos hábitos alimenticios. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como los factores familiares, dietéticos y de actividad física en un grupo de escolares entre los 6 y los 9 años de edad pertenecientes al estrato socioeconómico 4 en Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 150 niños de una institución educativa. Los datos sociodemográficos se recolectaron con un instrumento validado previamente. Para el diagnóstico del estado nutricional, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se analizaron con el programa Anthro Plus de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se detectaron 62 niños con sobrepeso u obesidad. Resultados. En cuanto al diagnóstico nutricional, 42 (28 %) niños tenían sobrepeso y 20 (13 %), obesidad. El 78 % pertenecía a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5. En cuanto a las características familiares, el 47 % tenía un solo hermano y el 25 % correspondía a hijos únicos; el 76 % de las madres y el 70 % de los padres eran profesionales; el 95 % de los niños no hacía actividad física importante. Conclusiones. En el análisis de la asociación entre algunas variables, se evidenció la relación entre el estado nutricional y el número de hermanos; los escolares con mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, con mayor frecuencia eran hijos únicos o tenían solo un hermano. Se estableció asociación con la edad de las madres, especialmente entre los 41 y los 50 años, la escolaridad de los padres, el hecho de tener una ocupación o trabajo fuera del hogar, y la pertenencia a los estratos socioeconómicos 4 y 5.
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24
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Quintão ECR. Does eating eggs matter? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:152-156. [PMID: 35420270 PMCID: PMC9832897 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol is absorbed in proportion to the amount ingested, blocking its hepatic synthesis, increasing its biliary excretion, only slightly increasing production of bile acids while potentially raising the serum concentration of the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein. Humans lie midway between rats and rabbits that respond to dietary cholesterol, respectively, with high and low capacity to produce bile acids, and low or high capacity to raise blood cholesterol. There are regular studies exonerating as well as blaming dietary cholesterol as a cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in genetic hypercholesterolemic individuals. We then resorted at reviewing all meta-analyses on the subject but failed to reach at a clear conclusion useful in medical practice. Nevertheless, ingestion of the same amount of cholesterol results in wide variation in the amounts absorbed and in plasma lipoprotein profiles depending on poorly understood genetic factors. Several genetic conditions are capable of interfering with the absorption and synthesis of cholesterol. Hyperabsorption of dietary cholesterol elicits the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and in plasma. In this regard, most cases of familial hypercholesterolemia that have a case of intestinal hyperabsorption of cholesterol also demonstrate the same defect. A practical useful suggestion is to measure for a few weeks the total serum cholesterol and its fractions at least three times before and during the intake of eggs that the candidate wishes to maintain in his usual dietary practice as an efficient procedure to identify those who respond with undesirable increases in serum cholesterol.
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25
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Pawłowska J, Borecka A, Sowula-Skrzyńska E. Effect of COVID-19 on poultry production in Poland. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2054751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pawłowska
- Department of Production Systems and Environment, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Anna Borecka
- Department of Production Systems and Environment, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sowula-Skrzyńska
- Department of Production Systems and Environment, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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26
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Ma Z, Wu W, Zhang D, Wu P, Guo Y, Li D, Yang F. Daily intake of up to two eggs for 11 weeks does not affect the cholesterol balance of Chinese young adults. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1081-1092. [PMID: 35432976 PMCID: PMC9007305 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 90% of the cholesterol content of the body is derived from de novo synthesis and the enterohepatic circulation. As numerous studies have shown previously, one egg per day intake has little impact of cholesterol balance in human body. Therefore, this study assumed that intake of up two eggs a day has little effect on biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk in Chinese young adults. With the increase in egg intake, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and choline all increased among all the groups as the study progressed from autumn to winter (p < .05). However, there were no differences in the plasma triglycerides, LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio, glucose, liver enzymes, C‐reactive protein, and urinary microalbumin during the diet periods. Subjects who ate eggs at breakfast felt less hungry and more satisfied, which were relative with decreased fasting plasma ghrelin level (p < .05). Furthermore, egg‐derived cholesterol appeared to upregulate the mRNA levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase, and downregulate cholesteryl ester transfer protein and flavin‐containing monooxygenase 3 mRNA levels in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results demonstrate that intake of up to two eggs a day had little effect on biomarkers of CVDs in young, healthy Chinese college students and provided useful evidence for the dietary guidelines regarding egg consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Yuanhua Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Deyuan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China
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27
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Radical Scavenging Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Aquafaba-Based Mayonnaises and Their Functional Ingredients. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081129. [PMID: 35454717 PMCID: PMC9027175 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet has become more popular as a pathway to transition to more sustainable diets and personal health improvement in recent years. Hence, vegan mayonnaise can be proposed as an egg-free, allergy friendly vegan substitute for full-fat conventional mayonnaise. This study intends to evaluate the effect of aquafaba from chickpeas and blends of refined rapeseed oil (RRO) with different cold-pressed oils (10% of rapeseed oil—CPRO, sunflower oil—CPSO, linseed oil—CPLO or camelina oil—CPCO) on the radical scavenging, structural, emulsifying, and optical properties of novel vegan mayonnaise samples. Moreover, the functional properties and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of mayonnaise ingredients were evaluated. Aquafaba-based emulsions had a higher RSA than commercial vegan mayonnaise, determined by QUick, Easy, Novel, CHEap and Reproducible procedures using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (QUENCHER-DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (QUENCHER-ABTS). Oxidative parameters such as peroxide values (PV), anisidine values (AnV), total oxidation (TOTOX) indexes and acid values (AV) of the proposed vegan mayonnaises were similar to those for commercial mayonnaises. Moreover, aquafaba-based samples had smaller oil droplet sizes than commercial vegan mayonnaise, which was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The novel formulas developed in this study are promising alternatives to commercial vegan emulsions.
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28
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Mousavi SM, Zargarzadeh N, Rigi S, Persad E, Pizarro AB, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Willett WC, Esmaillzadeh A. Egg Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1762-1773. [PMID: 35396834 PMCID: PMC9526855 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between egg consumption and mortality is extremely debatable. This study aimed to investigate the potential dose-response association of egg consumption with risk of mortality from all causes and cause-specific in the general population. The primary comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase up to March 2021, as well as reference lists of relevant original papers and key journals. We calculated summary RRs and their 95% CIs for the highest and lowest categories, as well as the linear trend estimation of egg intake, using the random-effects model. Thirty-three (32 publications) cohort studies were included. These studies enrolled 2,216,720 participants and recorded 232,408 deaths from all causes. Comparing highest versus lowest egg intake categories was not associated with the risk of mortality from all causes (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.11; n = 25), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.23, n = 11), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.16; n = 10), stroke (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.02; n = 9), and respiratory disease (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.71; n = 3); however, it was associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.39; n = 13). In the linear dose-response analysis, an additional intake of 1 egg per week was associated with a 2% and 4% increased risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, respectively, and a 4% decreased risk of stroke mortality. The certainty of the evidence was rated as low to moderate. Higher egg consumption was not associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, CHD, stroke, or respiratory disease, whereas an elevated risk was observed for cancer mortality. These findings suggest that eggs be consumed in low to moderate amounts (≤1 egg/d) as part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Li J, Li Y, Ivey KL, Wang DD, Wilkinson JE, Franke A, Lee KH, Chan AT, Huttenhower C, Hu FB, Rimm EB, Sun Q. Interplay between diet and gut microbiome, and circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide: findings from a longitudinal cohort of US men. Gut 2022; 71:724-733. [PMID: 33926968 PMCID: PMC8553812 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut-produced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is postulated as a possible link between red meat intake and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether gut microbiome could modify associations of dietary precursors with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers among free-living individuals. DESIGN We collected up to two pairs of faecal samples (n=925) and two blood samples (n=473), 6 months apart, from 307 healthy men in the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study. Diet was assessed repeatedly using food-frequency questionnaires and diet records. We profiled faecal metagenome and metatranscriptome using shotgun sequencing and identified microbial taxonomic and functional features. RESULTS TMAO concentrations were associated with the overall microbial compositions (permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) test p=0.001). Multivariable taxa-wide association analysis identified 10 bacterial species whose abundance was significantly associated with plasma TMAO concentrations (false discovery rate <0.05). Higher habitual intake of red meat and choline was significantly associated with higher TMAO concentrations among participants who were microbial TMAO-producers (p<0.05), as characterised based on four abundant TMAO-predicting species, but not among other participants (for red meat, P-interaction=0.003; for choline, P-interaction=0.03). Among abundant TMAO-predicting species, Alistipes shahii significantly strengthened the positive association between red meat intake and HbA1c levels (P-interaction=0.01). Secondary analyses revealed that some functional features, including choline trimethylamine-lyase activating enzymes, were associated with TMAO concentrations. CONCLUSION We identified microbial taxa that were associated with TMAO concentrations and modified the associations of red meat intake with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers. Our data underscore the interplay between diet and gut microbiome in producing potentially bioactive metabolites that may modulate cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry L. Ivey
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Dong D. Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy E. Wilkinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Adrian Franke
- Analytical Biochemistry Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Mesas AE, Garrido-Miguel M, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Fernández Franco S, Lugones-Sánchez C, García-Ortiz L, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Egg Consumption and Blood Lipid Parameters According to the Presence of Chronic Metabolic Disorders: The EVIDENT II Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e963-e972. [PMID: 34734262 PMCID: PMC8851934 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Egg consumption is one of the main dietary sources of cholesterol, but whether individuals who eat more eggs have a worse blood lipid profile remains controversial. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between egg consumption and lipid parameters and explored whether this relationship changes according to the presence of chronic metabolic disorders. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted with adult participants in the EVIDENT II trial. Adjusted linear regression models were stratified by the main chronic metabolic disorders. RESULTS Among the 728 participants (61.9% women, mean age 52.1 ± 11.9 years), the mean egg consumption was equivalent to 5 to 6 eggs per week for a 70-kg individual. In the fully adjusted analysis, no association was found of egg consumption with total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, compared with the first quartile of consumption, the fourth quartile was associated with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels (coefficient -7.01; 95% CI -13.39, -0.62) and a lower LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (coefficient -0.24, 95% CI -0.41, -0.06). In the analyses stratified by chronic metabolic diseases, higher egg consumption was not associated with lipid profile in those with obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, or treated with hypolipidemic drugs, and was associated with a better lipid profile in participants without these conditions. CONCLUSION Higher egg consumption was not associated with blood lipids in individuals with chronic metabolic disorders. In individuals without such conditions, the lipid profile was better among those who consumed more eggs. Our findings support current guidelines recommending eggs as part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, 16071, Spain
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, 16071, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, 02006, Spain
- Correspondence: Miriam Garrido-Miguel, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, sin número, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | | | | | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, 37005, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, 37005, Spain
- Universidad de Salamanca, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- Investigadores grupo EVIDENT, redIAPP: Red Española de Investigación para Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, 16071, Spain
- Investigadores grupo EVIDENT, redIAPP: Red Española de Investigación para Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, 1101, Chile
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Yang PF, Wang CR, Hao FB, Peng Y, Wu JJ, Sun WP, Hu JJ, Zhong GC. OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1739-1754. [PMID: 35178575 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Rui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fa-Bao Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang Y, Dai Y, Tian T, Zhang J, Xie W, Pan D, Xu D, Lu Y, Wang S, Xia H, Sun G. The Effects of Dietary Pattern on Metabolic Syndrome in Jiangsu Province of China: Based on a Nutrition and Diet Investigation Project in Jiangsu Province. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124451. [PMID: 34960003 PMCID: PMC8708757 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, a complex group of metabolic disorders of energy use and storage, is considered as an important determinant risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and dietary pattern among adults in Jiangsu Province of China. Data were from three rounds of cross–sectional nutrition and diet investigation projects in Jiangsu Province of China, which were conducted in 2002, 2007, and 2014 by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 13,944 participants with complete food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were eventually included in this study after further data screening. The 2009 Joint Interim Statement for China was used to define metabolic syndrome. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: the modern dietary pattern (rich in pork, poultry, vegetables, seafood, pastry food, other animal meats, fruits, milk and its products, soft drink, whole grains, nuts, and seeds, but low in wheat), vegetable oils/condiments/soy products dietary pattern (rich in vegetable oils, other condiments, salt, soy products, and fruits and low in dry legumes), and modern high–wheat dietary pattern (rich in wheat, tubers, fruits, and other animal meats, but low in rice). Higher intake of the modern dietary pattern and modern high–wheat dietary pattern were positively associated with metabolic syndrome in both unadjusted and adjusted models by genders, whereas higher intake of the vegetable oils/condiments/soy products dietary pattern had a negative relationship with metabolic syndrome in both unadjusted and adjusted models by genders (p < 0.05). Our study recommends reducing the consumption of animal meat products, especially processed meat products, and replacing animal oils with vegetable oils as the main supply of daily oils. Furthermore, more prospective and experimental studies are needed to confirm the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Yue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Ting Tian
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (W.X.)
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (D.P.); (D.X.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-83272567
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Egg and saturated fat containing breakfasts have no acute effect on acute glycemic control in healthy adults: a randomized partial crossover trial. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:34. [PMID: 34753900 PMCID: PMC8578538 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES High egg consumption is associated with poor glycemic control. Considering the widespread consumption of eggs, it is crucial to determine causality in this association. We tested if egg consumption acutely alters glucose disposal in the absence or presence of saturated fat, which is frequently consumed with eggs. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a randomized partial crossover clinical trial, 48 subjects (consuming ≥ 1 egg/week) received two of four isocaloric, macronutrient-matched breakfasts. The groups were defined based on the main ingredient of the breakfasts offered: eggs (EB); saturated fat (SB); eggs and saturated fat (ES); and control, which included a cereal based breakfast (CB). The breakfasts were offered in two testing sessions spaced seven days apart. Six blood samples (pre breakfast (fasting); 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post breakfast) were collected to measure glucose and insulin levels. Area under the curves (AUC) were analyzed controlling for the baseline concentrations using mixed-effects models accounting for within-subject dependencies to compare these across breakfast assignments. RESULTS Forty-eight patients (46% males, age 25.8 ± 7.7 years, BMI 25.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were included. Neither EB, SB nor ES was associated with a significant difference in AUC of glucose or insulin compared to CB (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Acutely, consumption of egg breakfast with or without accompanying saturated fat does not adversely affect glucose disposal in healthy adults. While this is reassuring for continued egg consumption, a long-term evaluation of egg intake with or without saturated fat would be the next step.
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Schade DS, Gonzales K, Kaminsky N, Adolphe A, Shey L, Eaton RP. Resolving the Egg and Cholesterol Intake Controversy: New Clinical Insights Into Cholesterol Regulation by the Liver and Intestine. Endocr Pract 2021; 28:102-109. [PMID: 34547473 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death. Achieving American Heart Association low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol treatment goals is very difficult for many patients. The importance of a low cholesterol diet is controversial and not emphasized by most physicians. Of critical importance is determining whether each individual is a "hyper- or hypo-absorber" of dietary cholesterol. Furthermore, the quantity of each individual's baseline daily dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important in assessing the effect of added egg yolk cholesterol and saturated fat on blood LDL cholesterol. METHODS Gut cholesterol is absorbed via a specific enteric receptor (the Niemann- Pick-like receptor). Dietary cholesterol contributes one fourth of the absorbed cholesterol, while the remaining gut cholesterol is derived from secreted bile cholesterol. This dietary quantity of cholesterol is significant when other determinants are constant. For some individuals, dietary cholesterol has no adverse effects and in others, a significant elevation in blood LDL cholesterol may occur. RESULTS There are no readily available blood tests to determine the effect of egg yolk cholesterol and saturated fat on an individual's plasma LDL cholesterol. However, a one month trial of a low cholesterol and saturated fat diet will provide the needed information to make clinical decisions. CONCLUSION This article delineates the mechanisms that are altered by genetic and environmental factors that determine the net effects of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat on circulating LDL cholesterol. It then makes a practical clinical recommendation based on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Schade
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Kristen Gonzales
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Neil Kaminsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Allen Adolphe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lynda Shey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Diabetes Comprehensive Care Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Robert Philip Eaton
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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35
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Food and Nutrition Myths among Future Secondary School Teachers: A Problem of Trust in Inadequate Sources of Information. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10090325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Internet and social networks are full of nutrition information, offering people guidance to make healthy eating choices. These sources always present themselves as a gateway to reliable information on healthy eating; however, too often this is not the case. Far from being trustworthy, there are usually plenty of food myths. A food myth is a widespread false belief about food, nutrition, and eating facts that gives rise to certain behaviors, from fashionable trends to diets. Academic training is a valuable tool to combat food myths and the pseudoscience linked to them, but educators must participate in this battle. To test this idea, we analyzed the prevalence of nine highly popular food myths held by 201 secondary school Spanish teachers. The aim was to assess whether expertise in science areas prevents teachers from falling into these food misconceptions. Our study results showed that food myths are held regardless of specialty area. The power of the media in popularizing and spreading nutrition myths among educators may be the cause, even more potent than academic training. We conclude that since scientific knowledge is not enough to erase food myths, we need further actions if we aim to prevent the problems that food myths may cause.
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Liu L, Huang X, Wang B, Song Y, Lin T, Zhou Z, Guo H, Chen P, Yang Y, Ling W, Qin X, Tang G, Liu C, Li J, Zhang Y, Spence JD, Huo Y, Zhang H, Xu X. Egg consumption associated with all-cause mortality in rural China: a 14-year follow-up study. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:613-618. [PMID: 33954663 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary recommendations regarding egg intake remain controversial topic for public health. We hypothesized that there was a positive association between egg consumption and all-cause mortality. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we enrolled 9885 adults from a community-based cohort in Anhui Province, China during 2003-05. Egg consumption was assessed by food questionnaire. Stratified analyses were performed for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, smoking, drinking and laboratory tests. RESULTS After an average follow-up of 14.1 years, 9444 participants were included for analysis. A total of 814 deaths were recorded. Participants' BMI and lipid profile had no significantly difference between three egg consumption groups. BMI was 21.6±2.7 of the whole population, especially BMI>24 was only 17.3%. A bivariate association of egg consumption >6/week with increased all-cause mortality was observed compared with ≤6/week (RR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.73, P = 0.018). A significant interaction was observed for BMI ≥ 21.2 kg/m2 vs. BMI<21.2 kg/m2 (P for interaction: 0.001). No other significant interactions were found. CONCLUSIONS In this study, consuming >6 eggs/week increased risk of all-cause mortality, even among lean participants, especially who with BMI ≥ 21.2 kg/m2. Eggs are an easily accessible and constitute an affordable food source in underdeveloped regions. Consuming <6 eggs/week may be the most suitable intake mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishun Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China.,National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, The State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, The State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Genfu Tang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, The State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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37
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Evaluating and predicting egg quality indicators through principal component analysis and artificial neural networks. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Jin X, Xiong S, Yuan C, Gong E, Zhang X, Yao Y, Leng Y, Niu Z, Zeng Y, Yan LL. Apolipoprotein E Genotype, Meat, Fish, and Egg Intake in Relation to Mortality Among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:697389. [PMID: 34355006 PMCID: PMC8329349 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The interactions between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and diet pattern changes were found significant in several trials, implying that APOE gene may modify the effect of animal protein-rich food on health outcomes. We aim to study the interaction of APOE genotype with the effect of meat, fish and egg intake on mortality. Methods: This population-based study enrolled 8,506 older adults (mean age: 81.7 years, 52.3% female) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. The intake frequency of meat, fish and egg was assessed by 3-point questions at baseline. Cox regression was conducted to calculate the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality of intake levels of meat, fish and egg. The analyses were stratified by APOE genotype and sex. The analyses were performed in 2020. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted models, meat and fish intake was associated with all-cause mortality (high vs. low intake: meat: HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.28; fish: HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.95). APOE genotype have significant interactions with meat and fish intake (Ps < 0.05). Compared with low fish intake, high fish intake was associated with lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98) only among the APOE ε4 carriers. High meat intake was significantly associated with higher risks of mortality (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.25) only among the APOE ε4 non-carriers. The interactive relationship was restricted among the male. No significant findings were observed between egg and mortality among carriers or non-carriers. Conclusions: Among Chinese older adults, the significance of associations of mortality with reported meat or fish intake depended on APOE-E4 carriage status. If validated by other studies, our findings provide evidence for gene-based “precision” lifestyle recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Mindrank AI Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangzhi Xiong
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Big Data and Health Science, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enying Gong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | | | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lijing L Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Higher egg consumption associated with increased risk of diabetes in Chinese adults - China Health and Nutrition Survey. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:110-117. [PMID: 33028452 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between egg consumption and diabetes is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association between long-term egg consumption and its trajectory with diabetes in Chinese adults. A total of 8545 adults aged ≥18 years old who attended the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2009 were included in this analysis. Egg consumption at each survey was assessed by a 3-d 24-h recall and weighed food record methods. The consumption trajectories of eggs were modelled with the latent class group approach. Diabetes was diagnosed based on fasting blood glucose in 2009. Logistic regression was used to examine the association. The mean age of the study population was 50·9 (sd 15·1) years. About 11·1 % had diabetes in 2009. Egg consumption nearly doubled in 2009 from 16 g/d in 1991. Compared with the first quartile of egg consumption (0-9·0 g/d), the adjusted OR of diabetes for the second (9·1-20·6 g/d), third (20·7-37·5 g/d) and fourth (≥37·6 g/d) quartiles were 1·29 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·62), 1·37 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·72) and 1·25 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·64), respectively (Pfor trend = 0·029). Three trajectory groups of egg consumption were identified. Compared with group 1 (30·7 %, low baseline intake and slight increase), both group 2 (62·2 %, medium baseline intake and increase) and group 3 (7·1 %, high baseline intake and decrease) were associated with an increased OR for diabetes. The results suggested that higher egg consumption was positively associated with the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults.
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Diet quality and all-cause mortality among US adults, estimated from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2008. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2777-2787. [PMID: 33622424 PMCID: PMC9884750 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the ability of the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) to predict mortality in the US population and compared its predictiveness with that of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). DESIGN PDQS and HEI-2015 scores were derived using two 24-h recalls and converted to quintiles. Mortality data were obtained from the 2015 Public-Use Linked Mortality File. Associations between diet quality and all-cause mortality were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, and predictive performance of the two metrics was compared using a Wald test of equality of coefficients with both scores in a single model. Finally, we evaluated associations between individual metric components and mortality. SETTING A prospective analysis of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. PARTICIPANTS Five-thousand five hundred and twenty-five participants from three survey cycles (2003-2008) in the NHANES aged 40 years and over. RESULTS Over the 51 248 person-years of follow-up (mean: 9·2 years), 767 deaths were recorded. In multivariable models, hazard ratios between the highest and lowest quintiles of diet quality scores were 0·70 (95 % CI 0·51, 0·96, Ptrend = 0·03) for the PDQS and 0·77 (95 % CI 0·57, 1·03, Ptrend = 0·20) for the HEI-2015. The PDQS and HEI-2015 were similarly good predictors of total mortality (Pdifference = 0·88). CONCLUSION Among US adults, better diet quality measured by the PDQS was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Given that the PDQS is simpler to calculate than the HEI-2015, it should be evaluated further for use as a diet quality metric globally.
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Pan XF, Yang JJ, Lipworth LP, Shu XO, Cai H, Steinwandel MD, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Yu D. Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062094. [PMID: 34205293 PMCID: PMC8234137 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jae-Jeong Yang
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Loren P. Lipworth
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Hui Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Mark D. Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;
| | - William J. Blot
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Danxia Yu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (X.-F.P.); (J.-J.Y.); (L.P.L.); (X.-O.S.); (H.C.); (W.J.B.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-615-936-7389; Fax: +1-615-343-5938
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Jakše B, Jakše B, Godnov U, Pinter S. Nutritional, Cardiovascular Health and Lifestyle Status of 'Health Conscious' Adult Vegans and Non-Vegans from Slovenia: A Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115968. [PMID: 34199550 PMCID: PMC8199727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate differences in nutritional, cardiovascular and lifestyle status of ‘health conscious’ subjects. In a partial ‘lock-down’ during the COVID-19 pandemic period, we performed a web-based, cross-sectional study. We compared 80 self-selected subjects (51 vegans, 67% females, and 29 non-vegans, 55% females, p = 0.344). Nutritional status was assessed by bio-electrical impedance and standardized food frequency questionnaires (i.e., contribution of nutrients from foods and supplementation, combined and separate). Serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure (BP) were assessed from annual or initial examination reports, while sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle statuses were obtained by standardized questionnaires. Finally, a multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the relationship between total fiber and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) values. The vegans had a significantly lower body mass index (22.8 ± 2.4 vs. 26.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and body fat % (19.3 ± 7.3 vs. 25.8 ± 8.2%, p < 0.001) than the non-vegans. There were significant differences between vegans and non-vegans in energy intake, and most macronutrient (10/12) and micronutrient (15/23) intakes in units/day. Both diets were well designed, with high fiber and low SFA and free sugar intake but remained insufficient in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (for vegans), vitamin D, calcium, sodium (for vegans) and iodine. Vegans also had a significantly lower lipid profile and BP than non-vegans, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, both groups met targeted recommendations. Furthermore, fiber and SFA intake and age explained 47% of the variance in LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ‘health conscious’ vegans and non-vegans with comparable lifestyle statuses had significant differences in dietary intake, body composition and cardiovascular health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jakše
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4127-8586
| | - Barbara Jakše
- Barbara Jakše Sole Proprietor, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Godnov
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Stanislav Pinter
- Basics of Movements in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Chinese Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. CARDIOLOGY DISCOVERY 2021; 1:70-104. [DOI: 10.1097/cd9.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in China. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a focus on lifestyle intervention and risk factor control has been shown to effectively delay or prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular events. To promote a healthy lifestyle and enhance the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, and to improve the overall capacity of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the Chinese Society of Cardiology of Chinese Medical Association has collaborated with multiple societies to summarize and evaluate the latest evidence with reference to relevant guidelines and subsequently to develop recommendations for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in Chinese adults. The guideline consists of 10 sections: introduction, methodology for developing the guideline, epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in China and challenges in primary prevention, general recommendations for primary prevention, assessment of cardiovascular risk, lifestyle intervention, blood pressure control, lipid management, management of type 2 diabetes, and use of aspirin. The promulgation and implementation of this guideline will play a key role in promoting the practice of primary prevention for cardiovascular disease in China.
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Walker S, Baum JI. Eggs as an affordable source of nutrients for adults and children living in food-insecure environments. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:178-186. [PMID: 34027973 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity affects an estimated 12% of households in the United States. Adults and children who experience food insecurity are increased risk for development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The negative health outcomes associated with food insecurity are multifactorial; however, many of them may be caused by limited nutritional intake and poor diet quality. Dietary intake of eggs may be an applicable solution for food-insecure families who are challenged by limited nutritional intake. Eggs contain a variety of nutrients that support metabolic health. For instance, eggs are a complete source of high-quality protein and contain 16 vitamins and minerals. Furthermore, eggs are cost efficient. When comparing the relationship between foods on the basis of calories and unit cost, the energy cost of eggs is significantly less when compared with that of other animal-protein foods such as meat, poultry, and fish. However, dietary intake of eggs is controversial in regard to cardiovascular health. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the role of eggs in the diet and the impact eggs have on health for adults and children living in a food-insecure environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Walker
- S. Walker and J.I. Baum are with the Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas. S. Walker and J.I. Baum are with the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - J I Baum
- S. Walker and J.I. Baum are with the Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas. S. Walker and J.I. Baum are with the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, De Curtis A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Egg consumption and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Italian adult population. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3691-3702. [PMID: 33763719 PMCID: PMC8437843 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Dietary guidelines recommend to limit egg consumption to 4 servings per week but the relation between egg intake and health outcomes is still controversial. To evaluate the association of egg consumption and mortality risk in Italian adults and to investigate nutritional factors and serum lipids as potentially explaining such associations. Methods Longitudinal analysis on 20,562 men and women aged ≥ 35y, free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer belonging to the Moli-sani Study cohort (enrolled 2005–2010) followed up for a median of 8.2 years. Results In multivariable-adjusted analysis as compared to low intake (> 0 ≤ 1 egg/week), eating > 4 eggs/week led to an increased risk of all-cause (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50; 95%CI 1.13–1.99), CVD (HR = 1.75; 1.07–2.87) and cancer mortality (HR = 1.52; 0.99–2.33). Similarly, an intake of 2–4 eggs/week was associated with higher all-cause (HR = 1.22; 1.01–1.46) and CVD mortality risk (HR = 1.43; 1.03–1.97). An increase of 1 egg per week was associated with higher mortality risk among high-risk individuals, such as those with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Dietary cholesterol explained about 43.0% and 39.3% (p values < 0.0001) of the association of eggs with all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively, while serum lipids (e.g., total cholesterol) accounted for a small proportion of egg-mortality relation. Conclusions Among Italian adults, high egg consumption leads to an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, with the risk being evident even at the recommended intake of 2–4 eggs per week. A substantial part of this association was likely due to the egg contribution to dietary cholesterol. Our findings suggest limiting the consumption of eggs in the diet and these results should be considered in the development of dietary guidelines and updates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02536-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. .,Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041060. [PMID: 33805161 PMCID: PMC8064070 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarmingly rising trend of type 2 diabetes constitutes a major global public health challenge particularly in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region where the prevalence is among the highest in the world with a projection to increase by 96% by 2045. The economic boom in the MENA region over the past decades has brought exceptionally rapid shifts in eating habits characterized by divergence from the traditional Mediterranean diet towards a more westernized unhealthy dietary pattern, thought to be leading to the dramatic rises in obesity and non-communicable diseases. Research efforts have brought a greater understanding of the different pathways through which diet and obesity may affect diabetes clinical outcomes, emphasizing the crucial role of dietary interventions and weight loss in the prevention and management of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanistic pathways linking obesity with diabetes and to summarize the most recent evidence on the association of the intake of different macronutrients and food groups with the risk of type 2 diabetes. We also summarize the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of different macronutrient manipulations in the prevention and management of diabetes while highlighting the possible underlying mechanisms of action and latest evidence-based recommendations. We finally discuss the need to adequately integrate dietetic services in diabetes care specific to the MENA region and conclude with recommendations to improve dietetic care for diabetes in the region.
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Kronsteiner-Gicevic S, Mou Y, Bromage S, Fung TT, Willett W. Development of a Diet Quality Screener for Global Use: Evaluation in a Sample of US Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:854-871.e6. [PMID: 33602635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid and efficient tools for measuring and tracking diet quality globally are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate a new tool for rapid and cost-efficient diet quality assessment. DESIGN Two screener versions were designed using Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), one in a 24-hour recall (PDQS-24HR) and another in a 30-day (PDQS-30D) food frequency format. Participants completed two 24-hour diet recalls using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) and 2 web-based diet quality questionnaires 7 to 30 days apart in April and May 2019. Both dichotomous/trichotomous and granular scoring versions were tried for each screener. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study included 290 nonpregnant, nonlactating US women (mean age ± standard deviation 41 ± 11 years) recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were Spearman rank correlation coefficients and linear regression beta-coefficients between ASA24 nutrient intakes from foods and beverages and PDQS values. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were used to evaluate associations of the PDQS values with ASA24 nutrient intakes from food, both crude and energy-adjusted. Correlations were de-attenuated for within-person variation in 24-hour recalls. Wolfe's test was used to compare correlations of the 2 screening instruments (PDQS-24HR and PDQS-30D) with the ASA24. Associations between the ASA24 Healthy Eating Index 2015 and the PDQS values were also evaluated. RESULTS Positive, statistically significant rank correlations between the PDQS-24HR values and energy-adjusted nutrients from ASA24 for fiber (r = 0.53), magnesium (r = 0.51), potassium (r = 0.48), vitamin E (r = 0.40), folate (r = 0.37), vitamin C (r = 0.36), vitamin A (r = 0.33), vitamin B6 (r = 0.31), zinc (r = 0.25), and iron (r = 0.21); and inverse correlations for saturated fatty acids (r = -0.19), carbohydrates (r = -0.22), and added sugar (r = -0.34) were observed. Correlations of nutrient intakes assessed by ASA24 with the PDQS-30D were not significantly different from those with the PDQS-24HR. Positive, statistically significant correlations between the ASA24 Healthy Eating Index 2015 and the PDQS-24HR (r = 0.61) and the PDQS-30D (r = 0.60) were also found. CONCLUSIONS The results of an initial evaluation of the PDQS-based diet quality screeners are promising. Correlations and associations between the PDQS values and nutrient intakes were of acceptable strength and in the expected directions, and the PDQS values had moderately strong correlations with the total Healthy Eating Index 2015 score. Future work should include evaluating the screeners in other population groups, including men, and piloting it across low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Kronsteiner-Gicevic
- (1)The London Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health, London, UK; (2)Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Yuchan Mou
- (3)Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabri Bromage
- (2)Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- (2)Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; (4)Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA
| | - Walter Willett
- (2)Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; (5)Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Egg and cholesterol consumption and mortality from cardiovascular and different causes in the United States: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003508. [PMID: 33561122 PMCID: PMC7872242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether consumption of egg and cholesterol is detrimental to cardiovascular health and longevity is highly debated. Data from large-scale cohort studies are scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations of egg and cholesterol intakes with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other causes in a US population. METHODS AND FINDINGS Overall, 521,120 participants (aged 50-71 years, mean age = 62.2 years, 41.2% women, and 91.8% non-Hispanic white) were recruited from 6 states and 2 additional cities in the US between 1995 and 1996 and prospectively followed up until the end of 2011. Intakes of whole eggs, egg whites/substitutes, and cholesterol were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cause-specific hazard models considering competing risks were used, with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted intake (per 2,000 kcal per day) as the reference. There were 129,328 deaths including 38,747 deaths from CVD during a median follow-up of 16 years. Whole egg and cholesterol intakes were both positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. In multivariable-adjusted models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with each intake of an additional half of a whole egg per day were 1.07 (1.06-1.08) for all-cause mortality, 1.07 (1.06-1.09) for CVD mortality, and 1.07 (1.06-1.09) for cancer mortality. Each intake of an additional 300 mg of dietary cholesterol per day was associated with 19%, 16%, and 24% higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, respectively. Mediation models estimated that cholesterol intake contributed to 63.2% (95% CI 49.6%-75.0%), 62.3% (95% CI 39.5%-80.7%), and 49.6% (95% CI 31.9%-67.4%) of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality associated with whole egg consumption, respectively. Egg white/substitute consumers had lower all-cause mortality and mortality from stroke, cancer, respiratory disease, and Alzheimer disease compared with non-consumers. Hypothetically, replacing half a whole egg with equivalent amounts of egg whites/substitutes, poultry, fish, dairy products, or nuts/legumes was related to lower all-cause, CVD, cancer, and respiratory disease mortality. Study limitations include its observational nature, reliance on participant self-report, and residual confounding despite extensive adjustment for acknowledged dietary and lifestyle risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In this study, intakes of eggs and cholesterol were associated with higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The increased mortality associated with egg consumption was largely influenced by cholesterol intake. Our findings suggest limiting cholesterol intake and replacing whole eggs with egg whites/substitutes or other alternative protein sources for facilitating cardiovascular health and long-term survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00340015.
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Izar MCDO, Lottenberg AM, Giraldez VZR, Santos Filho RDD, Machado RM, Bertolami A, Assad MHV, Saraiva JFK, Faludi AA, Moreira ASB, Geloneze B, Magnoni CD, Scherr C, Amaral CK, Araújo DBD, Cintra DEC, Nakandakare ER, Fonseca FAH, Mota ICP, Santos JED, Kato JT, Beda LMM, Vieira LP, Bertolami MC, Rogero MM, Lavrador MSF, Nakasato M, Damasceno NRT, Alves RJ, Lara RS, Costa RP, Machado VA. Position Statement on Fat Consumption and Cardiovascular Health - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:160-212. [PMID: 33566983 PMCID: PMC8159504 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Raul Dias Dos Santos Filho
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Adriana Bertolami
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - André Arpad Faludi
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Geloneze
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lis Mie Misuzawa Beda
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Miyoko Nakasato
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Renato Jorge Alves
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Soares Lara
- Núcleo de Alimentação e Nutrição da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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