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Tripicchio GL, Smethers AD, Johnson JJ, Olenginski J, O'Brien DM, Fisher JO, Nova VA, Nash SH. The Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio as an Objective Biomarker of Added Sugar Intake: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence in Human Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2024:100281. [PMID: 39094908 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective biomarkers of dietary intake are needed to advance nutrition research. The carbon stable isotope ratio (C13/C12; CIR) holds promise as an objective biomarker of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. This systematic scoping review presents the current evidence on CIRs from human studies. Search results (through April 12, 2024) yielded 6297 studies and 24 final articles. Studies were observational (n = 12), controlled feeding (n = 10), or dietary interventions (n = 2). CIRs were sampled from blood (n = 23), hair (n = 5), breath (n = 2), and/or adipose tissue (n = 1). Most (n = 17) conducted whole tissue (that is, bulk) analysis, 8 used compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), and/or 2 studies used methods appropriate for analyzing breath. Studies were conducted in 3 concentrated geographic regions of the United States (n = 7 Virginia; n = 5 Arizona; n = 4 Alaska), with only 2 studies conducted in other countries. Studies that used CSIA to examine the CIR from the nonessential amino acid alanine (CIR-Ala; n = 4) and CIR analyzed from breath (n = 2) provided the most robust evidence for CIR as an objective biomarker of AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.36-0.91). Studies using bulk analysis of hair or blood showed positive, but modest and more variable associations with AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.05-0.48). Few studies showed no association, particularly in non-United States populations and those with low AS and SSB intakes. Two studies provided evidence for CIR to detect changes in SSB intake in response to dietary interventions. Overall, the most compelling evidence supports CIR-Ala as an objective indicator of AS intake and breath CIR as an indicator of short-term AS intake. Considering how to adjust for underlying dietary patterns remains an important area of future work and emerging methods using breath and CSIA warrant additional investigation. More evidence is needed to refine the utility and specificity of CIRs to measure AS and SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Tripicchio
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, PA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, PA, United States.
| | - Alissa D Smethers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, PA, United States
| | - Jessica J Johnson
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jordan Olenginski
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, PA, United States; Drexel University College of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, PA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, PA, United States
| | - Vitalina A Nova
- Social Sciences and Clark Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah H Nash
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, IA, United States
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2
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Gannon BM, Sombié OO, Zeba AN, Nama GM, Bekele TH, Woldeyohannes M, van Stuijvenberg ME, Dhansay MA, Urio EM, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J, Kalungwana N, Davis CR, Grahn M, Tanumihardjo SA. Comparison of Total Body Vitamin A Stores Using Individual versus Population 13C-Natural Abundance of Serum Retinol in Preschool Children and Women Residing in 6 Diverse African Countries. J Nutr 2023; 153:949-957. [PMID: 36822237 PMCID: PMC10367224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable isotope techniques using 13C to assess vitamin A (VA) dietary sources, absorption, and total body VA stores (TBSs) require determination of baseline 13C abundance. 13C-natural abundance is approximately 1.1% total carbon, but varies with foods consumed, supplements taken, and food fortification with synthetic retinyl palmitate. OBJECTIVES We determined 13C variation from purified serum retinol and the resulting impact on TBSs using pooled data from preschool children in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia and Zambian women. METHODS Seven studies included children (n = 639; 56 ± 25 mo; 48% female) and one in women (n = 138; 29 ± 8.5 y). Serum retinol 13C-natural abundance was determined using GC-C-IRMS. TBSs were available in 7 studies that employed retinol isotope dilution (RID). Serum CRP and α1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP) were available from 6 studies in children. Multivariate mixed models assessed the impact of covariates on retinol 13C. Spearman correlations and Bland-Altman analysis compared serum and milk retinol 13C and evaluated the impact of using study- or global-retinol 13C estimates on calculated TBSs. RESULTS 13C-natural abundance (%, median [Q1, Q3]) differed among countries (low: Zambia, 1.0744 [1.0736, 1.0753]; high: South Africa, 1.0773 [1.0769, 1.0779]) and was associated with TBSs, CRP, and AGP in children and with TBSs in women. 13C-enrichment from serum and milk retinol were correlated (r = 0.52; P = 0.0001). RID in children and women using study and global estimates had low mean bias (range, -3.7% to 2.2%), but larger 95% limits of agreement (range, -23% to 37%). CONCLUSIONS 13C-natural abundance is different among human cohorts in Africa. Collecting this information in subgroups is recommended for surveys using RID. When TBSs are needed on individuals in clinical applications, baseline 13C measures are important and should be measured in all enrolled subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Olivier O Sombié
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Augustin N Zeba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Martha E van Stuijvenberg
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council; Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Muhammad A Dhansay
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Chisela Kaliwile
- National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC), Public Health and Community Nutrition Unit, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Christopher R Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Grahn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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3
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Ahn SV, Park JK. The association between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of human hair and hypertension. Clin Hypertens 2023; 29:4. [PMID: 36721223 PMCID: PMC9890701 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between stable isotope ratios and dietary protein sources has been reported. However, few studies have examined the effect of stable isotope ratios on metabolic risk in humans. We investigated whether the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in human hair are associated with blood pressure and hypertension. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 392 subjects (228 men and 164 women). Hair samples of the subjects were used for the measurement of stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). RESULTS The δ13C and δ15N values showed positive correlations with diastolic blood pressure in the subjects without antihypertensive medication. In the subjects without antihypertensive medication, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for hypertension was 1.55 (1.04-2.30) per 1‰ increase in δ15N and 1.22 (0.86-1.73) per 1‰ increase in δ13C, respectively. However, in the subjects with antihypertensive medication, neither δ13C nor δ15N values showed a significant association with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The stable isotopic ratio of nitrogen in scalp hair is independently associated with hypertension in subjects without antihypertensive medication. The hair δ15N value might be used as a surrogate marker to screen a high-risk population for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Vogue Ahn
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ku Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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4
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Time to wake up sleeping beauty: stable isotope ratios. J Nutr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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5
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Johnson JJ, Shaw PA, Wooller MJ, Venti CA, Krakoff J, Votruba SB, O'Brien DM. Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotope Ratios Respond to Fish and Meat Intake in a 12-Week Inpatient Feeding Study of Men. J Nutr 2022; 152:2031-2038. [PMID: 35511610 PMCID: PMC9445847 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural abundance nitrogen stable isotope ratio (NIR) of whole tissue correlates with animal protein intakes, including meat and fish. Amino acid (AA) NIRs (NIRAAs) are more variable than the whole-tissue NIRs and may thus better differentiate among foods. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether NIRAAs were associated with intakes of fish and meat and whether these dietary associations were larger than with whole-tissue NIRs. METHODS Men were recruited at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Phoenix, Arizona, and randomly assigned to one of eight 12-wk inpatient dietary interventions, which varied the presence/absence of fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in all possible combinations. Fasting blood was drawn pre- and postintervention and plasma and RBC NIRAAs (free and protein-bound) were measured as secondary outcomes in 32 participants. Multivariable regression was used to determine responses of postintervention NIRAAs to dietary variables, and logistic regression was used to calculate receiver operating characteristic AUCs. RESULTS Most plasma NIRAAs increased with fish and meat intakes, but to a greater extent with fish intake. The largest increase in response to fish intake was plasma NIRLeucine (β = 2.19, SE = 0.26). The NIRThreonine decreased with both fish and meat intakes. Fewer RBC NIRAAs increased with fish intake, and only RBC NIRProline increased with meat intake. No plasma or RBC NIRAA responded to SSB intake. We identified fish intake with a high degree of accuracy using plasma NIRLeucine (corrected AUC, cAUC = 0.96) and NIRGlutamic acid/glutamine (cAUC = 0.93), and meat intake to a lower degree using plasma NIRProline (cAUC = 0.80) and RBC NIRProline (cAUC = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Plasma and RBC NIRAAs were associated with fish and meat intakes but were not superior to whole-tissue stable isotope biomarkers in identifying these intakes in a US diet. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Wooller
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Colleen A Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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6
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Mie A, Novak V, Franko MA, Bügel SG, Laursen KH. Fertilizer Type Affects Stable Isotope Ratios of Nitrogen in Human Blood Plasma─Results from Two-Year Controlled Agricultural Field Trials and a Randomized Crossover Dietary Intervention Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3391-3399. [PMID: 35263104 PMCID: PMC8949720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stable nitrogen isotope ratio δ15N is used as a marker of dietary protein sources in blood. Crop fertilization strategies affect δ15N in plant foods. In a double-blinded randomized cross-over dietary intervention trial with 33 participants, we quantified the effect of fertilizer type (conventional: synthetic fertilizer and organic: animal or green manure) on δ15N in blood plasma. At study baseline, plasma δ15N was +9.34 ± 0.29‰ (mean ± standard deviation). After 12 days intervention with a diet based on crops fertilized with animal manure, plasma δ15N was shifted by +0.27 ± 0.04‰ (mean ± standard error) compared to synthetic fertilization and by +0.22 ± 0.04‰ compared to fertilization with green manure (both p < 0.0001). Accordingly, differences in the δ15N values between fertilizers are propagated to the blood plasma of human consumers. The results indicate a need to consider agricultural practices when using δ15N as a dietary biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Department
of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 11883, Sweden
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Vlastimil Novak
- Plant
Nutrients and Food Quality Research Group, Plant and Soil Science
Section and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and
Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Mikael Andersson Franko
- Department
of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 11883, Sweden
| | - Susanne Gjedsted Bügel
- Preventive
and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian Holst Laursen
- Plant
Nutrients and Food Quality Research Group, Plant and Soil Science
Section and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and
Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
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7
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Purcell SA, Marker RJ, Cornier MA, Melanson EL. Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103394. [PMID: 34684403 PMCID: PMC8540510 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment. Longitudinal studies suggest that BCS reduce self-reported energy intake and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Although some evidence suggests that resting metabolic rate is higher in BCS than in age-matched controls, no study has measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in this population. Whether physical activity levels are altered in BCS is unclear, but evidence suggests that light-intensity physical activity is lower in BCS compared to age-matched controls. We also discuss the mechanisms through which estrogen suppression may impact energy balance and develop a theoretical framework of dietary intake and TDEE interactions in BCS. Preclinical and human experimental studies indicate that estrogen suppression likely elicits increased energy intake and decreased TDEE, although this has not been systematically investigated in BCS specifically. Estrogen suppression may modulate energy balance via alterations in appetite, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity. There are several potential areas for future mechanistic energetic research in BCS (e.g., characterizing predictors of intervention response, appetite, dynamic changes in energy balance, and differences in cancer sub-types) that would ultimately support the development of more targeted and personalized behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Purcell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan J. Marker
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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8
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O'Connell TC. Comment on Ellegård et al. Clinical Nutrition 2019 "Distinguishing vegan-, vegetarian-, and omnivorous diets by hair isotopic analysis". Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4912-4913. [PMID: 34358836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3DZ, UK.
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9
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Te Morenga L, Kruimer D, McLean R, Sabadel AJM, van Hale R, Tatin X, Hindmarsh JH, Mann J, Merriman T. Associations Between Sugars Intakes and Urinary Sugars Excretion and Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Sugars Intake in a Predominantly Māori Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:637267. [PMID: 34277677 PMCID: PMC8278019 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.637267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the extent to which added sugars intake contribute to non-communicable disease in various populations is challenging because it is difficult to accurately measure intakes. Biomarkers may provide a reliable and easily measured method of assessing intakes. In a predominantly Māori population we compared various sugars intake estimates derived from a 36 item sugar-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with biomarkers of sugars intake; urinary sugars excretion in random spot collections (n = 153) and carbon stable isotope ratios (n = 36) in red blood cells (RBCs, δ13CRBC) and in the alanine fraction of the RBCs (δ13Calanine). Estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion was statistically significantly correlated with intakes of total sugars (r = 0.23), sucrose (r = 0.26) and added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; r = 0.26). δ13Calanine was correlated with added sugars (r = 0.40). In log linear multiple regression models adjusted with HbA1C and eGFR δ13Calanine predicted added sugars intakes (r 2 = 0.29) and estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion predicted intakes of total sugars (r 2 = 0.14), sucrose (r 2 = 0.17), added sugars (r 2 = 0.17) and sugars from SSBs (r 2 = 0.14). These biomarkers have potential for improving assessment of sugars intake in New Zealand populations enabling monitoring of the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies designed to reduce risk of NCDs. However, further validation is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Te Morenga
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Devonia Kruimer
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael McLean
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert van Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jim Mann
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony Merriman
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Kuhnle GGC. Take My Breath Away: Measuring Sugar Intake in Exhaled Air. J Nutr 2021; 151:457-458. [PMID: 33443289 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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11
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De Luca A, Küster A, Tea I, Darmaun D, Rozé JC, Robins R, Hankard R. Plasma amino acid pools in the umbilical cord artery show lower 15N natural isotope abundance relative to the maternal venous pools. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:3-10. [PMID: 32972258 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1817914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) is systematically higher in infants' hair than in that of their mothers at birth. This study aimed to investigate this difference in plasma pools. We compared 15N NIA values for plasma amino acid (AA) pools (free + protein-bound) in the umbilical cord artery (UCA) and vein (UCV) and in the maternal vein (MV) at birth. This preliminary study included 7 mother-infant dyads. Whole plasma was treated (HCl) to hydrolyze protein. Following derivatization, AAs were separated using gas chromatography and compound-specific 15N NIA values were measured on-line using an isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer. 15N NIA plasma AA pools in the UCA and UCV were highly correlated to the MV, r 2 > 0.89 and r 2 > 0.88 (both P < 10-4) respectively. The full model found a significant effect of sampling compartment (P = 0.02) and AA type (P < 0.0001) on 15N NIA plasma AA values. 15N NIA plasma AA was 0.74 ‰ higher (P = 0.01) in the MV than in the UCA. This study indicates that a decrease in 15N NIA for plasma AA pools occurs in the fetal-placental unit. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00607061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
| | - Alice Küster
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Illa Tea
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Robins
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
- University F Rabelais, Tours, France
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12
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Lacombe RJS, Bazinet RP. Natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis and its application in the study of diet and metabolism. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:869-888. [PMID: 33141222 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to differences in carbon assimilation pathways between plants, there are subtle but distinct variations in the carbon isotope ratios of foods and animal products throughout the food supply. Although it is well understood that the carbon isotope ratio composition of the diet influences that of the consumers' tissues, the application of natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis in nutrition has long been underappreciated. Over the past decade, however, several studies have investigated the utility of carbon isotope ratio analysis for evaluation of nutritional biomarker status, primarily focusing on its application as an objective indicator of sugar and animal protein intake. More recently, research investigating the application of natural abundance measurements has been extended to study fatty acid metabolism and has yielded encouraging results. Collectively, data from large-scale observational studies and experimental animal studies highlight the potential for carbon isotope ratio analysis as an additional and effective tool to study diet and metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis, its application to studying nutrition, and an update of the research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Scott Lacombe
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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13
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L. Mantha O, Laxmi Patel M, Hankard R, De Luca A. Effect of Organic Food Intake on Nitrogen Stable Isotopes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102965. [PMID: 32998302 PMCID: PMC7601395 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choices affect the isotopic composition of the body with each food item leaving its distinct isotopic imprint. The common view is that the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen (expressed as δ15N) is higher in animals than in plants that constitute our contemporary diets. Higher δ15N is thus increasingly viewed as a biomarker for meat and fish intake. Here we show that organic compared to conventional farming increases plant δ15N to an extent that can appreciably impact the performance of δ15N as a biomarker. The error that can arise when organic plants are consumed was modelled for the entire range of proportions of plant versus animal protein intake, and accounting for various intakes of organic and conventionally grown crops. This mass balance model allows the interpretation of differences in δ15N in light of organic food consumption. Our approach shows that the relationship between δ15N and meat and fish intake is highly contextual and susceptible to variation at the population, community or group level. We recommend that fertilization practices and organic plant consumption must not be overlooked when using δ15N as a biomarker for meat and fish intake or to assess compliance to nutritional interventions.
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Dailey-Chwalibóg T, Huneau JF, Mathé V, Kolsteren P, Mariotti F, Mostak MR, Alim MA, Khan MMST, Khan MAH, Guesdon B, Fouillet H. Weaning and stunting affect nitrogen and carbon stable isotope natural abundances in the hair of young children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2522. [PMID: 32054911 PMCID: PMC7018826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural abundances of stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) can vary with both dietary intake and metabolic (specifically catabolic) state. In low-income countries, weaning is a period of dietary transition from milk to plant-based foods and a high-risk period for malnutrition. We explored how diet and malnutrition impact hair δ15N and δ13C in young children by an observational, cross-sectional study in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh [255 children, 6–59 months with 19.6% wasted (7.1% severely) and 36% stunted (9.8% severely)]. Hair δ15N and δ13C exhibited exponential decreases with age, with the loss of one trophic level (3.3‰ and 0.8‰, respectively) from 6 to 48 months, which we associate with the shift from exclusive breastfeeding to complete weaning. After adjustment for age and breastfeeding status, hair isotopic values were unaffected by wasting but lower in severe stunting (−0.45‰ to −0.6‰, P < 0.01). In this population of young children, whose isotopic values in hair primarily depended on age, we failed to observe any effect of wasting, likely due to opposite, compensating effects between dietary and metabolic changes involved. In contrast, we evidenced low δ15N and δ13C values in severely stunted children that likely indicate chronic exposure to diets low in animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Expertise and Advocacy, Action Contre la Faim (ACF), Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Md Rayhan Mostak
- Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Action Against Hunger (AAH), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- National Nutrition Service (NNS), Institute of Public Health Nutrition (IPHN), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Benjamin Guesdon
- Department of Expertise and Advocacy, Action Contre la Faim (ACF), Paris, France
| | - Helene Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S. C. Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Votruba SB, Shaw PA, Oh EJ, Venti CA, Bonfiglio S, Krakoff J, O'Brien DM. Associations of plasma, RBCs, and hair carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios with fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a 12-wk inpatient feeding study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1306-1315. [PMID: 31515553 PMCID: PMC6885477 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios [13C/12C (CIR) and 15N/14N (NIR)] are promising dietary biomarkers. As these candidate biomarkers have long tissue residence times, long-term feeding studies are needed for their evaluation. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate plasma, RBCs, and hair CIR and NIR as biomarkers of fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in a 12-wk dietary intervention. METHODS Thirty-two men (aged 46.2 ± 10.5 y; BMI: 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2) underwent a 12-wk inpatient dietary intervention at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) in Phoenix, Arizona. The effects of fish, meat, and SSB intake on CIR and NIR were evaluated using a balanced factorial design, with each intake factor at 2 levels (present/absent) in a common, background diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 20% protein). Fasting blood samples were taken biweekly from baseline, and hair samples were collected at baseline and postintervention. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression. RESULTS The postintervention CIR of plasma was elevated when diets included meat (β = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73,1.05) and SSBs (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.64). The postintervention NIR of plasma was elevated when diets included fish (β = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.05) and meat (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.8). Results were similar for RBCs and hair. Postintervention RBC CIR and NIR had strong associations with baseline, suggesting that turnover to the intervention diets was incomplete after 12 wk. Estimates of isotopic turnover rate further confirmed incomplete turnover of RBCs. CONCLUSIONS CIR was associated with meat and SSBs, and more strongly with meat. NIR was associated with fish and meat, and more strongly with fish. Overall, CIR and NIR discriminated between dietary fish and meat, and to a lesser extent SSBs, indicating their potential utility as biomarkers of intake in US diets. Approaches to make these biomarkers more specific are needed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Address correspondence to SBV (e-mail: )
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric J Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susan Bonfiglio
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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17
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Correia MA, Foley R, O'Connell TC, Ramírez-Rozzi F, Mirazón Lahr M. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of hair, nail, and breath from tropical African human populations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1761-1773. [PMID: 31287915 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotopic analyses are increasingly used to study the diets of past and present human populations. Yet, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic data of modern human diets collected so far are biased towards Europe and North America. Here, we address this gap by reporting on the dietary isotopic signatures of six tropical African communities: El Molo, Turkana (Kerio), Luhya (Webuye), Luhya (Port Victoria), and Luo (Port Victoria) from Kenya, and Baka from Cameroon; representing four subsistence strategies: fishing, pastoralism, agriculturalism, and hunter-gatherer. METHODS We used an elemental analyser coupled in continuous-flow mode to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of hair (n = 134) and nail (n = 80) and the carbon isotopic ratios of breath (n = 184) from these communities, as well as the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of some food samples from the Kenyan communities. RESULTS We expand on the known range of δ13 C values in human hair through the hunter-gatherer Baka, with a diet based on C3 plants, and through the agriculturalist Luhya (Webuye), with a diet based on C4 plants. In addition, we found that the consumption of fish from East African lakes is difficult to detect isotopically due to the combined effects of high nitrogen isotopic ratios of plants and the low nitrogen isotopic ratios of fish. Finally, we found that some of the communities studied are markedly changing their diets through increasing sedentism and urbanisation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute substantially to the understanding of the environmental, demographic, and economic dynamics that affect the dietary landscape of different tropical populations of Africa. These results highlight the importance of studying a broader sample of human populations and their diet, with a focus on their precise context - from both isotopic and more general anthropological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ana Correia
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
| | - Robert Foley
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
- Turkana Basin Institute, Hardy Post, 2nd Floor, Ushirika Road, Nairobi, 24467-00502, Kenya
| | - Tamsin C O'Connell
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Fernando Ramírez-Rozzi
- Écoanthropologie, Musée de l'Homme (UMR 7206), 17 place du Trocadéro, Paris, 75116, France
| | - Marta Mirazón Lahr
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
- Turkana Basin Institute, Hardy Post, 2nd Floor, Ushirika Road, Nairobi, 24467-00502, Kenya
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18
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Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Potatoes and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2243-2251. [PMID: 29987352 PMCID: PMC6689281 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the relation between different types of potato consumption with risk of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, type 2 diabetes (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hypertension. METHODS Systematic searches until May 2018 were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Random effects meta-analyses comparing extreme categories, linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted. RESULTS Twenty-eight reports were identified. Only total potato consumption was available for some endpoints which showed no associations with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.69-1.12), CHD (RR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.96-1.09), stroke (RR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.03), and CRC (RR: 1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.20) per one daily/serving (150 g/day) increase. Consumption of one daily serving of boiled/baked/mashed-potatoes was not associated with risk of hypertension (RR: 1.08, 95% CI 0.96-1.21), but slightly with the risk of T2D (RR: 1.09, 95% 1.01-1.18). Positive associations for the risk of T2D (RR: 1.66, 95% CI 1.43-1.94) and hypertension (RR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.63) were observed for each 150 g/day increase in French-fries consumption. The quality of evidence was rated mostly low (moderate quality of evidence for the risk-associations of French-fries). CONCLUSION Total potato consumption is not related to risk for many chronic diseases but could pose a small increase in risk for T2D if consumed boiled. A clear risk relation was found between French-fries consumption and risk of T2D and hypertension. For several outcomes, the impact of different preparation procedures could not be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA II, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
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19
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De Luca A, Bernardo K, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Christin P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Ingrand P, Robins RJ, Hankard R. Maternal obesity does not influence human milk protein 15N natural isotope abundance. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:385-393. [PMID: 31132878 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1620229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases protein metabolism with a potential effect on nitrogen isotope fractionation. The aim of this study was to test the influence of obesity on human milk extracted protein 15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) at one month post-partum and to compare human milk extracted protein 15N NIA and bulk infant hair 15N NIA. This cross-sectional observational study involved 16 obese mothers (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m-2 before pregnancy) matched with 16 normal-weight mothers (18.5 kg m-2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg m-2) for age and pregnancy characteristics. Human milk extracted protein and bulk infant hair 15N NIA were determined by isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry interfaced to an elemental analyser (IRM-EA/MS). No significant difference was found in human milk protein 15N NIA values between obese and normal-weight mothers (8.93 ± 0.48 ‰ vs. 8.95 ± 0.27 ‰). However, human milk protein 15N NIA was significantly lower than bulk infant hair 15N NIA: 8.94 ± 0.38 ‰ vs. 9.66 ± 0.69 ‰, respectively. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that human milk protein 15N NIA measured at one month post-partum is not influenced by maternal obesity. These findings suggest that 15N NIA may be exploited to study metabolism without considering maternal obesity as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | - Karine Bernardo
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | | | - Patricia Christin
- c Pediatrics and Child Nutrition, University Hospital , Poitiers , France
- d Maternity Ward, General Hospital , Chatellerault , France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- f Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) CIC 1402 , Poitiers , France
- g Institute of Public Health, Poitiers University , Poitiers , France
| | - Richard J Robins
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Regis Hankard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
- h Faculty of Medicine, F Rabelais University , Tours , France
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20
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Natural Isotope Abundances of Carbon and Nitrogen in Tissue Proteins and Amino Acids as Biomarkers of the Decreased Carbohydrate Oxidation and Increased Amino Acid Oxidation Induced by Caloric Restriction under a Maintained Protein Intake in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051087. [PMID: 31100870 PMCID: PMC6567081 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports a role for tissue-to-diet 15N and 13C discrimination factors (Δ15N and Δ13C), as biomarkers of metabolic adaptations to nutritional stress, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In obese rats fed ad libitum or subjected to gradual caloric restriction (CR), under a maintained protein intake, we measured Δ15N and Δ13C levels in tissue proteins and their constitutive amino acids (AA) and the expression of enzymes involved in the AA metabolism. CR was found to lower protein mass in the intestine, liver, heart and, to a lesser extent, some skeletal muscles. This was accompanied by Δ15N increases in urine and the protein of the liver and plasma, but Δ15N decreases in the proteins of the heart and the skeletal muscles, alongside Δ13C decreases in all tissue proteins. In Lys, Δ15N levels rose in the plasma, intestine, and some muscles, but fell in the heart, while in Ala, and to a lesser extent Glx and Asx, Δ13C levels fell in all these tissues. In the liver, CR was associated with an increase in the expression of genes involved in AA oxidation. During CR, the parallel rises of Δ15N in urine, liver, and plasma proteins reflected an increased AA catabolism occurring at the level of the liver metabolic branch point, while Δ15N decreases in cardiac and skeletal muscle proteins indicated increased protein and AA catabolism in these tissues. Thus, an increased protein and AA catabolism results in opposite Δ15N effects in splanchnic and muscular tissues. In addition, the Δ13C decrease in all tissue proteins, reflects a reduction in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation and routing towards non-indispensable AA, to achieve fuel economy.
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21
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Kuhnle GGC. Stable Isotope Ratios: Nutritional Biomarker and More. J Nutr 2018; 148:1883-1885. [PMID: 30517730 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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22
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Yun HY, Lampe JW, Tinker LF, Neuhouser ML, Beresford SAA, Niles KR, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Prentice RL, O'Brien DM. Serum Nitrogen and Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios Meet Biomarker Criteria for Fish and Animal Protein Intake in a Controlled Feeding Study of a Women's Health Initiative Cohort. J Nutr 2018; 148:1931-1937. [PMID: 30239866 PMCID: PMC6280000 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural abundance stable isotope ratios are candidate biomarkers of dietary intake that have not been evaluated in a controlled feeding study in a US population. Objectives Our goals were to evaluate dietary associations with serum carbon (CIR), nitrogen (NIR), and sulfur (SIR) isotope ratios in postmenopausal women, and to evaluate whether statistical models of dietary intake that include multiple isotopes and participant characteristics meet criteria for biomarker evaluation. Methods Postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (n = 153) were provided a 2-wk controlled diet that approximated each individual's habitual food intake. Dietary intakes of animal protein, fish/seafood, red meat, poultry, egg, dairy, total sugars, added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and corn products were characterized during the feeding period with the use of the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The CIR, NIR, and SIR were measured in sera collected from fasting women at the beginning and the end of the feeding period. Linear models based on stable isotope ratios and participant characteristics predicted dietary intake. The criterion used for biomarker evaluation was R2 ≥ 0.36, based on the study's power to detect true associations with R2 ≥ 0.50. Results The NIR was associated with fish/seafood intake and met the criterion for biomarker evaluation (R2 = 0.40). The CIR was moderately associated with intakes of red meat and eggs, but not to the criterion for biomarker evaluation, and was not associated with intake of sugars (total, added, or SSB). A model of animal protein intake based on the NIR, CIR, and participant characteristics met the criterion for biomarker evaluation (R2 = 0.40). Otherwise, multiple isotopes did not improve models of intake, and improvements from including participant characteristics were modest. Conclusion Serum stable isotope ratios can, with participant characteristics, meet biomarker criteria as measures of fish/seafood and animal protein intake in a sample of postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Yun
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristine R Niles
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
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23
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Ahn SV, Koh SB, Lee KS, Bong YS, Park JK. Association between Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratios in Human Hair and Serum Levels of Leptin. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 243:133-139. [PMID: 29081462 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.243.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope ratios have been reported to be potential biomarkers of dietary intake and nutritional status. High serum levels of leptin, a hormone which regulates energy metabolism and food intake, are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, little is known about the association between stable isotope ratios and the metabolic risk in humans. We investigated whether the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in hair are associated with serum leptin levels. Hair samples were collected from 399 healthy adults (233 men and 166 women) aged 40 to 70 years of a community-based cohort in Korea and the bulk stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were measured for all hair samples. Serum leptin levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. δ15N showed positive correlations with serum leptin levels. In multivariate models, increasing δ15N were associated with elevated serum leptin levels (defined as ≥ the median values), whereas δ13C were not significantly associated with serum leptin levels. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per 1‰ increase in δ15N for an elevated serum leptin level was 1.58 (1.11-2.26). In participants with high body mass index, δ15N showed positive associations with serum leptin levels, whereas these associations were not seen in participants with low body mass index. The nitrogen stable isotopic ratio in hair is positively associated with serum leptin levels. The hair δ15N could be used as a clinical marker to estimate metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Vogue Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine.,Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine.,Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University
| | | | | | - Jong-Ku Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine.,Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University
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Hülsemann F, Koehler K, Wittsiepe J, Wilhelm M, Hilbig A, Kersting M, Braun H, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Prediction of human dietary δ 15N intake from standardised food records: validity and precision of single meal and 24-h diet data. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:356-367. [PMID: 28292192 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1302447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of humans can be used for nutritional analyses and dietary reconstruction of modern and historic individuals and populations. Information about an individual's metabolic state can be obtained by comparison of tissue and dietary δ15N. Different methods have been used to estimate dietary δ15N in the past; however, the validity of such predictions has not been compared to experimental values. For a total of 56 meals and 21 samples of 24-h diets, predicted and experimental δ15N values were compared. The δ15N values were predicted from self-recorded food intake and compared with experimental δ15N values. Predicted and experimental δ15N values were in good agreement for meals and preparations (r = 0.89, p < .001) as well as for the 24-h diets (r = 0.76, p < .001). Dietary δ15N was mainly determined by the amount of fish, whereas the contribution of meat to dietary δ15N values was less pronounced. Prediction of human dietary δ15N values using standardised food records and representative δ15N data sets yields reliable data for dietary δ15N intake. A differentiated analysis of the primary protein sources is necessary when relating the proportion of animal-derived protein in the diet by δ15N analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- b Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Jürgen Wittsiepe
- c Department of Hygiene , Social and Environmental Medicine Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- c Department of Hygiene , Social and Environmental Medicine Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Annett Hilbig
- d Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) , University of Bonn , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- d Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) , University of Bonn , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hans Braun
- e German Research Centre of Elite Sports , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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Bjerregaard P, Larsen CVL, Dahl-Petersen IK, Buchardt B. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as markers of dietary variation among sociocultural subgroups of Inuit in Greenland. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Greenland; Nuuk Greenland
| | | | | | - Bjørn Buchardt
- Institute of Geoscience and Natural Resources; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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26
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Schwingshackl L, Lampousi AM, Portillo MP, Romaguera D, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e262. [PMID: 28394365 PMCID: PMC5436092 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Olive oil (OO) as food is composed mainly of fatty acids and bioactive compounds depending from the extraction method. Both had been discussed as health promoting with still open questions. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to illustrate the impact of this food on type 2 diabetes (T2D) by investigating the association between OO intake and risk of T2D, and the effect of OO intake in the management of T2D. Subjects/Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library and google scholar. First, we conducted a random effect meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and trials investigating the association between OO and risk of T2D. Second, a meta-analysis was performed to detect the effects of olive oil on glycemic control in patients with T2D. Results: Four cohort studies including 15 784 T2D cases and 29 trials were included in the meta-analysis. The highest OO intake category showed a 16% reduced risk of T2D (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.92) compared with the lowest. However, we observed evidence for a nonlinear relationship. In T2D patients OO supplementation resulted in a significantly more pronounced reduction in HbA1c (MD: −0.27% 95% CI: −0.37, −0.17) and fasting plasma glucose (MD: −0.44 mmol l−1; 95% CI −0.66, −0.22) as compared with the control groups. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides evidence that the intake of OO could be beneficial for the prevention and management of T2D. This conclusion regards OO as food, and might not been valid for single components comprising this food.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A-M Lampousi
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Romaguera
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - G Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
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Hayasaka M, Ogasawara H, Hotta Y, Tsukagoshi K, Kimura O, Kura T, Tarumi T, Muramatsu H, Endo T. Nutritional assessment using stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in the scalp hair of geriatric patients who received enteral and parenteral nutrition formulas. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1661-1668. [PMID: 27847116 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The δ13C and δ15N values in the scalp hair of geriatric patients in Japan who received the enteral or parenteral nutrition formula were measured to assess nutritional status. METHODS The relations among δ13C, δ15N, calorie intake, BMI, albumin concentration, total cholesterol (T-CHO) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in the patients were investigated. Furthermore, the enrichment of δ13C and δ15N from the nutrients to the hair was investigated. RESULTS The δ13C values in the hair of patients who received enteral nutrition decreased with decreases in the calories received, while the δ15N values increased, suggesting malnutrition in some patients with a low calorie intake due to a negative nitrogen balance. The distribution of patients with a low calorie intake (below 20 kcal/kg/day) when δ13C was plotted against δ15N differed from that of control subjects, but the distribution of patients with a high calorie intake (above 20 kcal/kg/day) was similar to that of control subjects. No significant differences were observed in BMI, albumin concentration, T-CHO or GNRI between the low and high calorie groups. The enrichment of δ13C and δ15N from the enteral nutrients to the hair were inversely correlated with the δ13C and δ15N in the enteral nutrients. The enrichment levels of δ13C and δ15N tended to be higher and lower, respectively, in the high calorie group. On the other hand, the δ13C and δ15N values in the hair of patients who received parenteral nutrition were higher and lower than those in the control subjects and in the patients who received enteral nutrition, respectively, reflecting the higher δ13C and lower δ15N contents of the parenteral nutrients. CONCLUSIONS The δ13C and δ15N values in the hair of patients who received enteral nutrition may be effective indicators for evaluating the long-term nutritional status of geriatric patients. A calorie intake of 20 kcal/kg/day may be a cut-off value for malnutrition in Japanese geriatric patients receiving enteral nutrition. However, caution is necessary when dealing with patients switching from parental nutrition as parenteral nutrition resulted in different changes in δ13C and δ15N. The enrichment levels of δ13C and δ15N from the enteral nutrients to the hair may be inversely correlated with the δ13C and δ15N values of enteral nutrients and vary according to the calorie intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayasaka
- Sapporo Higashi-Tokushukai Hospital, N33-E14, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 065-0033, Japan
| | - H Ogasawara
- Sapporo Minami-Seishu Hospital, 1-2-20, Satozuka, Kiyota-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0801, Japan
| | - Y Hotta
- Hokusei Hospital, W3-2-10, Sinkawa, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0933, Japan
| | - K Tsukagoshi
- Hijirigaoka Hospital, 214-22, Funaoka, Date, Hokkaido 052-0014, Japan
| | - O Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - T Kura
- Naganuma Municipal Hospital, 2-2-1 Chuo, Naganuma, Yubari, Hokkaido 069-1332, Japan
| | - T Tarumi
- Hokusei Hospital, W3-2-10, Sinkawa, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0933, Japan
| | - H Muramatsu
- Rumoi City Hospital, 2-16 Shinonome, Rumoi, Hokkaido 077-8511, Japan
| | - T Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Added sugar consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes, including weight gain and cardio-metabolic disease, yet the reliance on self-reported methods to determine added sugar intake continues to be a significant research limitation. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the development of two potential predictive biomarkers of added sugar intake: δC and urinary sugar excretion. RECENT FINDINGS The results of numerous cross-sectional investigations have indicated modest associations of the δC sugar biomarker measured in a variety of sample types (e.g., fingerstick blood, serum, red blood cells, and hair) with self-reported added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and δC values have been reported to change over time with changes in reported sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Results from large-scale trials have suggested modest associations of urinary sugar excretion with reported sugar intake, and a dose-response relation has been demonstrated between urinary sugar excretion and actual sugar intake. SUMMARY Valid markers of sugar intake are urgently needed to more definitively determine the health consequences of added sugar intake. Adequately powered controlled feeding studies are needed to validate and compare these two biomarkers of sugar intake, and to determine what individual characteristics and conditions impact biomarker results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech
| | - Hope Jahren
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Lång K, Eriksson Stenström K, Rosso A, Bech M, Zackrisson S, Graubau D, Mattsson S. 14C BOMB-PULSE DATING AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH RATE AND DIETARY INFORMATION IN BREAST CANCER? RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 169:158-164. [PMID: 27179119 PMCID: PMC4911969 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform an initial investigation of the possibility to determine breast cancer growth rate with (14)C bomb-pulse dating. Tissues from 11 breast cancers, diagnosed in 1983, were retrieved from a regional biobank. The estimated average age of the majority of the samples overlapped the year of collection (1983) within 3σ Thus, this first study of tumour tissue has not yet demonstrated that (14)C bomb-pulse dating can obtain information on the growth of breast cancer. However, with further refinement, involving extraction of cell types and components, there is a possibility that fundamental knowledge of tumour biology might still be gained by the bomb-pulse technique. Additionally, δ (13)C and δ (15)N analyses were performed to obtain dietary and metabolic information, and to serve as a base for improvement of the age determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lång
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Eriksson Stenström
- Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Rosso
- Epidemiology and Register Centre South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Bech
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Graubau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Mattsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Lovegrove JA, Commane DM, Jackson KG, Karani V, Kennedy OB, Kuhnle GG, Spencer JPE, Wagstaff C, Yaqoob P. The Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition - 20 years of research 1995-2015. NUTR BULL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - D. M. Commane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - K. G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - V. Karani
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - O. B. Kennedy
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - G. G. Kuhnle
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - J. P. E. Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - C. Wagstaff
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
| | - P. Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading UK
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Park JK, Ahn SV, Kim MK, Lee KS, Koh SB, Bong YS. The association between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of human hair and metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:72-7. [PMID: 26238186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that stable isotope ratios can be used as biomarkers for animal protein intake. Meat consumption and high protein intake could be risk factors for metabolic disorders. We investigated whether the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen are associated with metabolic syndrome. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 399 subjects (233 men and 166 women). Hair samples from 399 subjects were measured for stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N). RESULTS The δ(15)N values progressively increased with the number of components of the metabolic syndrome present in study subjects (P for trend 0.047). In multivariable models, δ(15)N values were positively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.14), whereas δ(13)C values were not (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.30). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for metabolic syndrome comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of δ(15)N values was 2.64 (1.17-5.92). CONCLUSIONS The nitrogen, but not carbon, stable isotopic ratio of hair is independently associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. The hair δ(15)N value might be a surrogate marker for clustering of risk factors in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ku Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea
| | - Song Vogue Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea.
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea
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Hedrick VE, Zoellner JM, Jahren AH, Woodford NA, Bostic JN, Davy BM. A Dual-Carbon-and-Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratio Model Is Not Superior to a Single-Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio Model for Predicting Added Sugar Intake in Southwest Virginian Adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1362-9. [PMID: 25855120 PMCID: PMC4442118 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An objective measure of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is needed. The δ(13)C value of finger-stick blood is a novel validated biomarker of AS/SSB intake; however, nonsweetener corn products and animal protein also carry a δ(13)C value similar to AS sources, which may affect blood δ(13)C values. The δ(15)N value of blood has been proposed as a "correction factor" for animal protein intake. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to 1) identify foods associated with δ(13)C and δ(15)N blood values, 2) determine the contribution of nonsweetener corn to the diet relative to AS intake, and 3) determine if the dual-isotope model (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) is a better predictor of AS/SSB intake than δ(13)C alone. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of southwest Virginian adults (n = 257; aged 42 ± 15 y; 74% overweight/obese) underwent dietary intake assessments and provided finger-stick blood samples, which were analyzed for δ(13)C and δ(15)N values by using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included ANOVAs, paired-samples t tests, and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS The mean ± SD daily AS intake was 88 ± 59 g and nonsweetener corn intake was 13 ± 13 g. The mean δ(13)C value was -19.1 ± 0.9‰, which was significantly correlated with AS and SSB intakes (r = 0.32 and 0.39, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). The δ(13)C value and nonsweetener corn intake and the δ(15)N value and animal protein intake were not correlated. AS intake was significantly greater than nonsweetener corn intake (mean difference = 76.2 ± 57.2 g; P ≤ 0.001). The δ(13)C value was predictive of AS/SSB intake (β range: 0.28-0.35; P ≤ 0.01); however, δ(15)N was not predictive and minimal increases in R(2) values were observed when the δ(15)N value was added to the model. CONCLUSIONS The data do not provide evidence that the dual-isotope method is superior for predicting AS/SSB intakes within a southwest Virginian population. Our results support the potential of the δ(13)C value of finger-stick blood to serve as an objective measure of AS/SSB intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02193009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | - Jamie M Zoellner
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | - A Hope Jahren
- School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Natalie A Woodford
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | - Joshua N Bostic
- School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
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Bostic JN, Palafox SJ, Rottmueller ME, Jahren AH. Effect of baking and fermentation on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of grain-based food. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:937-947. [PMID: 26407308 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is used extensively to reconstruct general attributes of prehistoric and modern diets in both humans and animals. In order to apply these methods to the accurate determination of specific intakes of foods/nutrients of interest, the isotopic signature of individually consumed foods must be constrained. For example, 86% of the calories consumed in the USA are derived from processed and prepared foods, but the relationship between the stable isotope composition of raw ingredients and the resulting products has not been characterized. METHODS To examine the effect of common cooking techniques on the stable isotope composition of grain-based food items, we prepared yeast buns and sugar cookies from standardized recipes and measured bulk δ(13) C and δ(15) N values of samples collected throughout a 75 min fermentation process (buns) and before and after baking at 190°C (buns and cookies). Simple isotope mixing models were used to determine if the isotopic signatures of 13 multi-ingredient foods could be estimated from the isotopic signatures of their constituent raw ingredients. RESULTS No variations in δ(13) C or δ(15) N values were detected between pre- and post-baked yeast buns (pre: -24.78‰/2.61‰, post: -24.75‰/2.74‰), beet-sugar cookies (pre: -24.48‰/3.84‰, post: -24.47‰/3.57‰), and cane-sugar cookies (pre: -19.07‰/2.97‰, post: -19.02‰/3.21‰), or throughout a 75 min fermentation process in yeast buns. Using isotopic mass balance equations, the δ(13) C/δ(15) N values of multi-ingredient foods were estimated from the isotopic composition of constituent raw ingredients to within 0.14 ± 0.13‰/0.24 ± 0.17‰ for gravimetrically measured recipes and 0.40 ± 0.38‰/0.58 ± 0.53‰ for volumetrically measured recipes. CONCLUSIONS Two common food preparation techniques, baking and fermentation, do not substantially affect the carbon or nitrogen isotopic signature of grain-based foods. Mass-balance equations can be used to accurately estimate the isotopic signature of multi-ingredient food items for which quantitative ingredient information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Bostic
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Sherilyn J Palafox
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Marina E Rottmueller
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - A Hope Jahren
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Abstract
Diet is a leading modifiable risk factor for chronic disease, but it remains difficult to measure accurately due to the error and bias inherent in self-reported methods of diet assessment. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective biomarkers of diet for use in health research. The stable isotope ratios of light elements are a promising set of candidate biomarkers because they vary naturally and reproducibly among foods, and those variations are captured in molecules and tissues with high fidelity. Recent studies have identified valid isotopic measures of short- and long-term sugar intake, meat intake, and fish intake in specific populations. These studies provide a strong foundation for validating stable isotopic biomarkers in the general US population. Approaches to improve specificity for specific foods are needed; for example, by modeling intake using multiple stable isotope ratios or by isolating and measuring specific molecules linked to foods of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000;
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- From the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (e-mail: )
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Georgiou CA, Danezis GP. Elemental and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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