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Yuan X, Wei Y, Jiang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Dong M, Dong X, Zhang J. Longitudinal Relationship between the Percentage of Energy Intake from Macronutrients and Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018. Nutrients 2024; 16:666. [PMID: 38474794 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prospective relationship between macronutrient intake and overweight/obesity, data were collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2018. Adults who participated in at least two waves of the survey and were not obese at baseline were selected as the study subjects. A total of 14,531 subjects were finally included with complete data. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m2. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the relationship between the percentage of energy intake from macronutrients and BMI and overweight/obesity. The percentages of energy intake from protein and fat showed an increasing trend (p < 0.01), and the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate showed a decreasing trend (p < 0.01) among Chinese adults between 1991 and 2018. Adjusting for covariates, the energy intake from fat was positively correlated with BMI, while the energy intake from carbohydrates was negatively correlated with BMI. The percentage of energy intake from non-high-quality protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were positively correlated with overweight/obesity. In contrast, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and high-quality carbohydrates were negatively correlated with overweight/obesity. In short, fat, non-high-quality protein, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and PUFA were positively correlated with the risk of obesity, whereas higher carbohydrate, MUFA, and high-quality carbohydrate intake were associated with a lower risk of obesity. Obesity can be effectively prevented by appropriately adjusting the proportion of intake from the three major macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yuan
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongru Jiang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of Health Commission of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengru Dong
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiguo Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of Health Commission of China, Beijing 100050, China
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Mirmiran P, Gaeini Z, Feizy Z, Azizi F. Dietary fatty acid patterns and risk of metabolic syndrome: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:358. [PMID: 37730615 PMCID: PMC10510261 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between individual dietary fatty acids (FAs) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been investigated in previous studies. However, synergistic or additive effects of multiple FA have received less attention. Hence, we aimed to determine the major dietary FA patterns and evaluate the association between FA patterns and risk of MetS. METHODS Dietary intakes of 1713 MetS-free adults who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were assessed using a validated 168-items food frequency questionnaire. FA patterns were obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association of MetS incident with the extracted FA patterns. RESULTS Four major FA patterns were identified through PCA of the 24 FAs consumed: "short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) pattern", "long-chain FA pattern", "omega-3 PUFA pattern", and "long-chain SFA pattern". There was no significant association between dietary FA patterns and risk of MetS incidence. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant association between FA patterns and risk of MetS. More prospective cohort studies and clinical trials are needed to clarify the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Shahid-Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Gaeini
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Shahid-Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Feizy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Easton ZJW, Sarr O, Zhao L, Buzatto AZ, Luo X, Zhao S, Li L, Regnault TRH. An Integrated Multi-OMICS Approach Highlights Elevated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Impact BeWo Trophoblast Metabolism and Lipid Processing. Metabolites 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 37623828 PMCID: PMC10456680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are linked with impaired placental function and early onset of non-communicable cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. Previous studies have highlighted that the dietary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) palmitate (PA) and oleate (OA), key dietary metabolites associated with maternal obesity and GDM, are potential modulators of placental lipid processing. Using the BeWo cell line model, the current study integrated transcriptomic (mRNA microarray), metabolomic, and lipidomic readouts to characterize the underlying impacts of exogenous PA and OA on placental villous trophoblast cell metabolism. Targeted gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography highlighted that saturated and monounsaturated NEFAs differentially impact BeWo cell lipid profiles. Furthermore, cellular lipid profiles differed when exposed to single and multiple NEFA species. Additional multi-omic analyses suggested that PA exposure is associated with enrichment in β-oxidation pathways, while OA exposure is associated with enrichment in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Overall, this study further demonstrated that dietary PA and OA are important regulators of placental lipid metabolism. Encouraging appropriate dietary advice and implementing dietary interventions to maintain appropriate placental function by limiting excessive exposure to saturated NEFAs remain crucial in managing at-risk obese and GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. W. Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Adriana Zardini Buzatto
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, B2-401 London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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4
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Chen W, Ao Y, Lan X, Tong W, Liu X, Zhang X, Ye Q, Li Y, Liu L, Ye H, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Jiao J. Associations of specific dietary unsaturated fatty acids with risk of overweight/obesity: population-based cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150709. [PMID: 37360299 PMCID: PMC10285060 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of specific unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the development of overweight/obesity remains unclear in the general population. Here, we aimed to explore the associations of different types of unsaturated FAs with overweight/obesity risk among the Chinese population. Methods Eight thousand seven hundred forty-two subjects free of overweight/obesity at entry in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were followed up until 2015. Dietary unsaturated FAs were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls with a weighing method in each wave. Cox regression models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight/obesity risk associated with unsaturated FAs. Results During a median follow-up of 7 years, 2,753 subjects (1,350 males and 1,403 females) developed overweight/obesity. Consuming more monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest quartile: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96; P-trend = 0.010). Similar inverse associations were observed for plant-MUFAs (HRQ4vsQ1 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94; P-trend = 0.003) and animal-MUFAs (HRQ4vsQ1 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.94; P-trend = 0.004), total dietary oleic acid (OA) (HRQ4vsQ1 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79; P-trend <0.001), plant-OA (HRQ4vsQ1 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83; P-trend <0.001) and animal-OA (HRQ4vsQ1 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.84; P-trend <0.001). In addition, the intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (HRQ4vsQ1 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.42; P-trend = 0.017) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (HRQ4vsQ1 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39; P-trend = 0.039) but not marine n-3 PUFAs were positively linked to overweight/obesity risk. Consumption of n-6 PUFAs (HRQ4vsQ1 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.28; P-trend = 0.014) and linoleic acid (LA) (HRQ4vsQ1 1.11, 95% CI: 0.98-1.26; P-trend = 0.020) had marginal and positive relationships with the incidence of overweight/obesity. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratio ranging from 5.7 to 12.6 was related to higher risk of overweight/obesity. Conclusion Higher dietary intake of MUFAs was associated with lower overweight/obesity risk, which was mainly driven by dietary OA from either plant or animal sources. Intakes of ALA, n-6 PUFAs and LA were related to higher risk of overweight/obesity. These results support consuming more MUFAs for maintaining a healthy body weight among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Ao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Lan
- Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhou Tong
- Lanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linfen Liu
- Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Antunes M, Neves M, Pires D, Passos R, do Carmo B, Tchobanov CF, Forte S, Vaz M, Baptista T, Tecelão C. Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Fed with Pelvetia canaliculata-Supplemented Diets: An Insight towards the Valorization of Seaweed Biomass. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091810. [PMID: 37174348 PMCID: PMC10178326 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a sustainable source of protein and lipids that may be used to replace fish by-products in aquaculture feed. This study aimed at using the macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata as an ingredient in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) feed, either as freeze-dried powder or as algae residue (waste) that was obtained after the supplementation of sunflower oil. The formulated diets and the fish muscle were analyzed concerning the proximate composition and the fatty acid profile. The health lipid indices hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H), atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI), as well as n-3/n-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios were calculated. Additionally, the peroxidizability index (PI) was determined. No differences were observed in the proximate composition of fish muscle regardless of the diet used. Fish fed a diet supplemented with 10% of algae waste (W10) stand out for the highest content in oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), and the lowest in both linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids. All fish samples showed values of health lipid indices within the limits recommend for a nutritional balanced diet. These results highlight that fish fed diets supplemented with P. canaliculata are sources of healthy lipids that might be consumed on a regular basis to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Antunes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marta Neves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Damiana Pires
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Passos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Beatriz do Carmo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carolina F Tchobanov
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Sara Forte
- School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vaz
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Teresa Baptista
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carla Tecelão
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
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Fatty acids act on vascular endothelial cells and influence the development of cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 165:106704. [PMID: 36621562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) maintain the health of blood vessels and prevent the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Free saturated fatty acids (FAs) induce EC damage and increase the risk of CVD by promoting arteriosclerosis. Conversely, polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid, are thought to suppress EC damage induced during the early stages of CVD. This review describes the effects of multiple dietary FAs on EC disorders involved in the development of CVD. The roles of FAs in atherosclerosis and CVD were analyzed by evaluating articles published in PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Saturated FAs were found to induce EC damage by reducing the production and action of EC-derived nitric oxide. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and the renin-angiotensin system were found to be involved in EC disorder. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs were found to reduce EC dysfunction and prevent the development of EC disorder. These results indicate that FAs may affect EC failure induced during the early stages of CVD and reduce the risk of developing the disease.
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Yuri G, Sanhueza S, Paredes A, Morales G, Cifuentes M, Ormazabal P. Deleterious liver-adipose crosstalk in obesity: Hydroethanolic extract of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) counteracts fatty acid-induced fibrotic marker expression in human hepatocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 564:111882. [PMID: 36736687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated circulating fatty acids in obesity may induce hepatic steatosis, leading to liver inflammation, fibrosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). On the other hand, impaired communication between hepatocytes and adipose tissue (AT) in obesity influences adipose lipolysis and fibrosis, negatively affecting metabolic function. Infusions of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) are used in Chilean folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. Hydroethanolic extract of lampaya (HEL) contains flavonoids that may explain its anti-inflammatory effect, but it is unknown whether HEL modulates fibrogenic processes in hepatocytes. We studied lipolysis and expression of fibrosis markers after exposure of visceral AT explants from subjects with obesity to HepG2-secreted factors. In addition, we evaluated the effect of HEL on palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and oleic acid (OA; C18:1)-induced fibrotic marker expression in HepG2 hepatocytes. Results: Exposure to HepG2-secreted factors increased visceral AT lipolysis and expression of CTGF and collagen I. Exposure to OA/PA elevated collagen I, CTGF, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in HepG2 cells, and these effects were prevented by HEL co-treatment. Conclusion: HEL effect counteracting OA/PA-induced fibrotic marker expression in HepG2 hepatocytes may represent a preventive approach against hepatic fibrosis and deleterious liver-adipose crosstalk in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Yuri
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000, Rancagua, Chile; Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Glauco Morales
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paulina Ormazabal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000, Rancagua, Chile; Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Dumas JA, Bunn JY, LaMantia MA, McIsaac C, Senft Miller A, Nop O, Testo A, Soares BP, Mank MM, Poynter ME, Lawrence Kien C. Alteration of brain function and systemic inflammatory tone in older adults by decreasing the dietary palmitic acid intake. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100072. [PMID: 37408793 PMCID: PMC10318304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies in younger adults showed that reducing the normally high intake of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), in the North American diet by replacing it with the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OA), decreased blood concentrations and secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and changed brain activation in regions of the working memory network. We examined the effects of these fatty acid manipulations in the diet of older adults. Ten subjects, aged 65-75 years, participated in a randomized, cross-over trial comparing 1-week high PA versus low PA/high OA diets. We evaluated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using an N-back test of working memory and a resting state scan, cytokine secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs, and plasma cytokine concentrations. During the low PA compared to the high PA diet, we observed increased activation for the 2-back minus 0-back conditions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Broadman Area (BA) 9; p < 0.005), but the effect of diet on working memory performance was not significant (p = 0.09). We observed increased connectivity between anterior regions of the salience network during the low PA/high OA diet (p < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-1β (p = 0.026), IL-8 (p = 0.013), and IL-6 (p = 0.009) in conditioned media from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were lower during the low PA/high OA diet. This study suggests that lowering the dietary intake of PA down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and altered working memory, task-based activation and resting state functional connectivity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Janice Y. Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael A. LaMantia
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Catherine McIsaac
- Clinical Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anna Senft Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Olivia Nop
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Abigail Testo
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bruno P. Soares
- Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Madeleine M. Mank
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - C. Lawrence Kien
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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9
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Wereńska M, Wołoszyn J, Okruszek A, Marcinkowska W, Haraf G. The effects of sous-vide, microwave cooking and stewing of goose meat on fatty acid profile and lipid indices. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102337. [PMID: 36470027 PMCID: PMC9720334 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of sous-vide (S-V), microwave cooking (M) and stewing (S) on the fatty acid profile and lipid indices of goose meat was investigated. The research material involved breast muscles (24 with skin and 24 without skin) cut from carcasses of 17-week-old females "Polish oat geese." Gas chromatography was used to establish the fatty acid profile and lipid indices were calculated. The kind of heat treatment and the type of goose meat (muscles with- and without skin) affected the fatty acid profile and lipid indices. The sum of SFA was higher in S-V, M, and S samples for both kinds of meat than in raw ones. The cooked samples with skin had a lower percentage of Ʃ SFA than the skinless meat. S-V and M cooking (for meat with skin) caused an increase, while in the case of S heating (for both kinds of meat) there were no significant differences in Ʃ MUFA compared to raw samples. The S-V, M, and S meat with skin was characterized by a higher value of Ʃ MUFA than skinless ones. The Ʃ PUFA was lower in S-V and M than in raw meat, wherein this decline was higher for M ones (for both kinds of meat). The M meat with skin had the lowest and S without skin the highest share of Σ PUFA. Heat treatment caused an increase in Σ PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio, the lowest value was shown by the S-V muscles. Sous-vide cooking was more beneficial for consumers than the remaining methods in terms of Σ DFA/Σ OFA, Σ UFA/Σ SFA, NVI, health-promoting index (HPI), inflammatory biomarker indexes, and Σ SFA, Σ OFA, Σ UFA, Σ DFA values for meat with skin (but not all of these were significant). In turn, stewing of meat without skin was more favorable than S-V and microwave cooking in relation to indexes such as: Σ DFA/Σ OFA, Σ UFA/Σ SFA, Σ PUFA/Σ SFA, PI, UI, AI, TI, HPI.
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10
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Taboada N, Fernández Salom M, Córdoba A, González SN, López Alzogaray S, Van Nieuwenhove C. Administration of selected probiotic mixture improves body weight gain and meat fatty acid composition of creole goats. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Effects of Regular Brazil Nut ( Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) Consumption on Health: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182925. [PMID: 36141050 PMCID: PMC9498495 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazil nut (BN) is a promising food due to its numerous health benefits, but it is still necessary to systematically review the scientific evidence on these benefits. Thus, we examined the effects of regular BN consumption on health markers in humans according to the health state (with specific diseases or not) of the subjects. PubMed, Embase®, and Scielo databases were used to search for clinical trials. The PRISMA guideline was used to report the review, and the risk of bias for all studies was assessed. Twenty-four studies were included in the present review, of which fifteen were non-randomized. BNs were consumed in the context of a habitual free-living diet in all studies. Improvement in antioxidant status through increased levels of selenium and/or glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, serum, whole blood, and/or erythrocytes was observed in all studies that evaluated antioxidant status, regardless of the health state of the sample. In addition, healthy subjects improved lipid markers and fasting glucose. Subjects with obesity had improvement in markers of lipid metabolism. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia improved oxidative stress or DNA damage. Subjects undergoing hemodialysis benefited greatly from BN consumption, as they improved lipid profile markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, and thyroid function. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment improved verbal fluency and constructional praxis, and controversial results regarding the change in a marker of lipid peroxidation were observed in subjects with coronary artery disease. In conclusion, the benefits of BN consumption were found in different pathways of action and study populations.
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12
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Mubarak SA, Otaibi AA, Qarni AA, Bakillah A, Iqbal J. Reduction in Insulin Mediated ERK Phosphorylation by Palmitate in Liver Cells Is Independent of Fatty Acid Induced ER Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173641. [PMID: 36079898 PMCID: PMC9460427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) such as palmitate in the circulation are known to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. In addition to protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. However, there are conflicting data regarding role of ERK signaling in ER stress-induced insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of ER stress on insulin resistance and ERK phosphorylation in Huh-7 cells and evaluated how oleate prevents palmitate-mediated ER stress. Treatment with insulin resulted in an increase of 38–45% in the uptake of glucose in control cells compared to non-insulin-treated control cells, along with an increase in the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. We found that treatment with palmitate increased the expression of ER stress genes, including the splicing of X box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA. At the same time, we observed a decrease in insulin-mediated uptake of glucose and ERK phosphorylation in Huh-7 cells, without any change in AKT phosphorylation. Supplementation of oleate along with palmitate mitigated the palmitate-induced ER stress but did not affect insulin-mediated glucose uptake or ERK phosphorylation. The findings of this study suggest that palmitate reduces insulin-mediated ERK phosphorylation in liver cells and this effect is independent of fatty-acid-induced ER stress.
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13
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Shanmugamprema D, Muthuswamy K, Ponnusamy V, Subramanian G, Velusamy T, Krishnan V, Subramaniam S. CD36 and GPR120 mediated orogustatory perception of dietary lipids and its physiological implication in the pygmy mouse Mus booduga. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1408-1419. [PMID: 35864815 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fat taste perception has long been concerned in the regulation of dietary fat intake. Substantial experimental evidence defends fat as a sixth taste modality, but its allied peripheral mechanisms are not yet well established. The present study aimed to analyse the diet-induced changes in fat taste perception and its associated physiological variations in Mus booduga. Four groups of animals were used for the present study and were fed any one of the following diet; normal diet (10% fat), low-fat diet (4% fat), high-fat diet (36% fat), or high-fat diet (HFD) (36% fat) + rapeseed oil (HFRDO) (14%) for 9 weeks. The animals were then subjected to metabolic tolerance, fat preference, and conditioned taste aversion studies. Diet-induced alterations in the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis, inflammation, and fat taste (CD36 and GPR120) were analysed. Capacitative calcium signalling induced by both linoleic acid and grifolic acid in taste bud cells (TBCs) was also analysed. In result, both the HFD and HFDRO groups revealed deterioration in glucose homoeostasis and displayed decreased preference scores for fatty acids, which are associated with lower CD36 expression and increased GPR120 expression in TBCs. Furthermore, change in [Ca2+ ]i induced by LA was also compromised in CD36 positive TBCs along with elevated systemic inflammatory and lipidemic responses in both these obese groups. Overall, for the first time, our results support that chronic HFD feeding alters the CD36 and GPR120 mediated fat taste perception in M. booduga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankumar Shanmugamprema
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthi Muthuswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinithra Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowtham Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ishaq A, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Siervo M, Saretzki G. Palmitate induces DNA damage and senescence in human adipocytes in vitro that can be alleviated by oleic acid but not inorganic nitrate. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111798. [PMID: 35390489 PMCID: PMC9214712 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy in white adipose tissue (WAT) can result in sustained systemic inflammation, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and onset of senescence in adipocytes. Inflammation and hypertrophy can be induced in vitro using palmitic acid (PA). WAT adipocytes have innately low β-oxidation capacity, while inorganic nitrate can promote a beiging phenotype, with promotion of β-oxidation when cells are exposed to nitrate during differentiation. We hypothesized that treatment of human adipocytes with PA in vitro can induce senescence, which might be attenuated by nitrate treatment through stimulation of β-oxidation to remove accumulated lipids. Differentiated subcutaneous and omental adipocytes were treated with PA and nitrate and senescence markers were analyzed. PA induced DNA damage and increased p16INK4a levels in both human subcutaneous and omental adipocytes in vitro. However, lipid accumulation and lipid droplet size increased after PA treatment only in subcutaneous adipocytes. Thus, hypertrophy and senescence seem not to be causally associated. Contrary to our expectations, subsequent treatment of PA-induced adipocytes with nitrate did not attenuate PA-induced lipid accumulation or senescence. Instead, we found a significantly beneficial effect of oleic acid (OA) on human subcutaneous adipocytes when applied together with PA, which reduced the DNA damage caused by PA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ishaq
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Jiménez-Sánchez A, Martínez-Ortega AJ, Remón-Ruiz PJ, Piñar-Gutiérrez A, Pereira-Cunill JL, García-Luna PP. Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071440. [PMID: 35406067 PMCID: PMC9003415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet (MedD). In this narrative review, we synthesize and illustrate the various characteristics and clinical applications of EVOO and its components—such as oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein—in the field of clinical nutrition and dietetics. The evidence is split into diet therapy, oleic acid-based enteral nutrition formulations and oral supplementation formulations, oleic acid-based parenteral nutrition, and nutraceutical supplementation of minor components of EVOO. EVOO has diverse beneficial health properties, and current evidence supports the use of whole EVOO in diet therapy and the supplementation of its minor components to improve cardiovascular health, lipoprotein metabolism, and diabetes mellitus in clinical nutrition. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed to chisel specific recommendations for its therapeutic use through different formulations in other specific diseases and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jiménez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
| | - Antonio Jesús Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Torrecárdenas, C. Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús Remón-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José Luis Pereira-Cunill
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
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McNamara RK, Li W, Lei D, Tallman MJ, Welge JA, Strawn JR, Patino LR, DelBello MP. Fish oil supplementation alters emotion-generated corticolimbic functional connectivity in depressed adolescents at high-risk for bipolar I disorder: A 12-week placebo-controlled fMRI trial. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:161-170. [PMID: 34214231 PMCID: PMC8720319 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of fish oil (FO), a source of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on emotion-generated corticolimbic functional connectivity in depressed youth at high risk for developing bipolar I disorder. METHODS Thirty-nine antidepressant-free youth with a current depressive disorder diagnosis and a biological parent with bipolar I disorder were randomized to 12-week double-blind treatment with FO or placebo. At baseline and endpoint, fMRI (4 Tesla) scans were obtained while performing a continuous performance task with emotional and neutral distractors (CPT-END). Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses were performed using bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala (AMY) seeds. Measures of depression, mania, global symptom severity, and erythrocyte fatty acids were obtained. RESULTS Erythrocyte EPA+DHA composition increased significantly in the FO group (+47%, p ≤ 0.0001) but not in the placebo group (-10%, p = 0.11). Significant group by time interactions were found for functional connectivity between the left OFC and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and between the right AMY and right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). OFC-STG connectivity increased in the FO group (p = 0.0001) and decreased in the placebo group (p = 0.0019), and AMY-ITG connectivity decreased in the FO group (p = 0.0014) and increased in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). In the FO group, but not placebo group, the decrease in AMY-ITG functional connectivity correlated with decreases in Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS In depressed high-risk youth FO supplementation alters emotion-generated corticolimbic functional connectivity which correlates with changes in symptom severity ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. McNamara
- Corresponding author: Robert K. McNamara, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516, PH: 513-558-5601, FAX: 513-558-4805,
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17
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Williams EJ, Guilleminault L, Berthon BS, Eslick S, Wright T, Karihaloo C, Gately M, Baines KJ, Wood LG. Sulforaphane Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Response To Palmitic Acid In Monocytes And Adipose Tissue Macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nogoy KMC, Sun B, Shin S, Lee Y, Zi Li X, Choi SH, Park S. Fatty Acid Composition of Grain- and Grass-Fed Beef and Their Nutritional Value and Health Implication. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:18-33. [PMID: 35028571 PMCID: PMC8728510 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef contains functional fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid and
long-chain fatty acids. This review summarizes results from studies comparing
the fatty acid composition of beef from cattle fed either grass or grain-based
feed. Since functional lipid components are contributed through dietary
consumption of beef, the fatty acid composition is reported on mg/100 g of meat
basis rather than on a percentage of total fat basis. Beef from grass-fed
contains lesser total fat than that from grain-fed in all breeds of cattle.
Reduced total fat content also influences the fatty acid composition of beef. A
100 g beef meat from grass-fed cattle contained 2,773 mg less total saturated
fatty acids (SFA) than that from the same amount of grain-fed. Grass-fed also
showed a more favorable SFA lipid profile containing less cholesterol-raising
fatty acids (C12:0 to C16:0) but contained a lesser amount of
cholesterol-lowering C18:0 than grain-fed beef. In terms of essential fatty
acids, grass-fed beef showed greater levels of trans-vaccenic acid and
long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; EPA, DPA, DHA) than grain-fed
beef. Grass-fed beef also contains an increased level of total n-3 PUFA which
reduced the n-6 to n-3 ratio thus can offer more health benefits than grain-fed.
The findings signify that grass-fed beef could exert protective effects against
a number of diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as
evidenced by the increased functional omega-3 PUFA and decreased undesirable
SFA. Although grain-fed beef showed lesser EPA, DPA, and DHA, consumers should
be aware that greater portions of grain-fed beef could also achieve a similar
dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Noteworthy, grain-fed beef
contained higher total monounsaturated fatty acid that have beneficial roles in
the amelioration of CVD risks than grass-fed beef. In Hanwoo beef, grain-fed
showed higher EPA and DHA than grass-fed beef.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sangeun Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xiang Zi Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Li J, Yang C, Ran J, Yu C, Yin L, Li Z, Liu Y. The age-dependent variations for fatty acid composition and sensory quality of chicken meat and associations between gene expression patterns and meat quality. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Sellem L, Flourakis M, Jackson KG, Joris PJ, Lumley J, Lohner S, Mensink RP, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Lovegrove JA. Impact of Replacement of Individual Dietary SFAs on Circulating Lipids and Other Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1200-1225. [PMID: 34849532 PMCID: PMC9340975 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the impact of individual SFAs and their isoenergetic substitution with other SFAs or unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) on the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This systematic literature review assessed the impact of such dietary substitutions on a range of fasting CMD risk markers, including lipid profile, markers of glycemic control and inflammation, and metabolic hormone concentrations. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effect of isoenergetic replacements of individual dietary SFAs for ≥14 d on ≥1 CMD risk markers in humans. Searches of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases on 14 February, 2021 identified 44 RCTs conducted in participants with a mean ± SD age of 39.9 ± 15.2 y. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 for RCTs. Random-effect meta-analyses assessed the effect of ≥3 similar dietary substitutions on the same CMD risk marker. Other dietary interventions were described in qualitative syntheses. We observed reductions in LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the replacement of palmitic acid (16:0) with UFAs (-0.36 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.21 mmol/L; I2 = 96.0%, n = 18 RCTs) or oleic acid (18:1n-9) (-0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.03 mmol/L; I2 = 89.6%, n = 9 RCTs), with a similar impact on total cholesterol and apoB concentrations. No effects on other CMD risk markers, including HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin, or C-reactive protein concentrations, were evident. Similarly, we found no evidence of a benefit from replacing dietary stearic acid (18:0) with UFAs on CMD risk markers (n = 4 RCTs). In conclusion, the impact of replacing dietary palmitic acid with UFAs on lipid biomarkers is aligned with current public health recommendations. However, owing to the high heterogeneity and limited studies, relations between all individual SFAs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health need further confirmation from RCTs. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020084241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James Lumley
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary,Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,CoRPS—Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Sheashea M, Xiao J, Farag MA. MUFA in metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors: is MUFA the opposite side of the PUFA coin? Food Funct 2021; 12:12221-12234. [PMID: 34779464 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00979f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-9 fatty acids represent some of the main mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) found in plant and animal sources. They can be synthesized endogenously in the human body, but they do not fully provide all the body's requirements. Consequently, they are considered as partially essential fatty acids. MUFA represent a healthier alternative to saturated animal fats and have several health benefits, including the prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its complications. This review concentrates on the major MUFA pharmacological activities in the context of MetS management, including alleviating cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia, central obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The beneficial effects of MUFA for CVD were found to be consistent with those of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for the alleviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and triacylglcerol (TAG) levels, albeit MUFA had a more favorable effect on decreasing night systolic blood pressure (SBP). To reduce the obesity profile, the use of MUFA was found to induce a higher oxidation rate with a higher energy expenditure, compared with PUFA. For NAFLD, PUFA was found to be a better potential drug candidate for the improvement of liver steatosis in children than MUFA. Any advantageous outcomes from using MUFA for diabetes and insulin resistance (IR) compared to using PUFA were found to be either non-significant or resulted from a small number of meta-analyses. Such an increase in the number of studies of the mechanisms of action require more clinical and epidemiological studies to confirm the beneficial outcomes, especially over a long-term treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sheashea
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt. .,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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22
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Pietrzyk N, Zakłos-Szyda M, Koziołkiewicz M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. fruit phenolic compounds protect against FFA-induced steatosis of HepG2 cells via AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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23
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Haraf G, Wołoszyn J, Okruszek A, Goluch Z, Wereńska M, Teleszko M. The protein and fat quality of thigh muscles from Polish goose varieties. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100992. [PMID: 33610894 PMCID: PMC7905474 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of thigh meat from 4 Polish geese varieties. Protein, fat, and cholesterol content, as well as amino acid and fatty acid profiles, were determined. Based on the percentage of amino acid in protein and fatty acids in meat lipids, the health lipid indices were calculated. The experimental material covered thigh muscles from 17-week-old Kartuska (Ka), Suwalska (Su), Lubelska (Lu), and Kielecka (Ki) geese reared in a semi-intensive system. Muscle protein content did not differ significantly between varieties. The protein content of the Ka, Su, Lu, and Ki goose meat was deemed high-value as it contained all the essential amino acids in the proportions consistent with standard protein values. The muscles of all the researched geese varieties were characterized by a high level of Lys, which indicates that this meat is a good source of it (AASLys 240-280%). Current findings showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) and PUFA n-6/n-3 ratios in Ka, Su, Lu, and Ki muscles were found to be within the optimum values for human diets. No significant differences were observed in monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) between the analyzed muscles. The meat of Ka and Su contained significantly more lipids than Lu and Ki. A more beneficial amino acid profile was found in Ka meat due to a higher content of PUFA n-3 and the best n-6/n-3 ratio in comparison with other varieties. The muscles of the Ka variety also contained the least cholesterol. However, the Ki goose muscles stood out among other varieties with the least percentage of SFA, the highest share of docosahexaenoic acid (C 22:6 n-3), as well as the most beneficial value of the following indices: UFA/SFA, hypocholesterolemic fatty acid/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, and nutritive value index. The thigh muscles of Ka, Su, Lu, and Ki were characterized by an atherogenicity index that met the levels of recommended values (<1) in the diet of a human being, while the thrombogenicity index was slightly higher than the recommended value (<0.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Haraf
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Bussines, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Janina Wołoszyn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Bussines, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Okruszek
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Bussines, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Goluch
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Bussines, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wereńska
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Bussines, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mirosława Teleszko
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Bussines, Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Khaliq SA, Baek MO, Cho HJ, Chon SJ, Yoon MS. C-Peptide Inhibits Decidualization in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells via GSK3β-PP1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609551. [PMID: 33330513 PMCID: PMC7734312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidualization refers to the functional differentiation of endometrial stromal cells and plays a significant role in embryo implantation and pregnancy. C-peptide is excreted in equimolar concentrations as that of insulin during the metabolism of proinsulin in pancreatic beta-cells. High levels of C-peptide are correlated with hyperinsulinemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome, which show a defect in decidualization. However, the role of C-peptide in decidualization has not yet been studied. Here, we identified C-peptide as an endogenous antideciduogenic factor. This inhibitory function was confirmed by the reduced expression of decidual markers, including prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, and Forkhead box protein O1 as well as by the fibroblastic morphological change in the presence of C-peptide. C-peptide also enhanced cellular senescence and decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells during decidualization. In addition, C-peptide potentiated the inhibitory effects of both insulin and palmitic acid in an AKT- and autophagy-independent manner, respectively. Furthermore, C-peptide augmented protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, leading to a reduction in the inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, which resulted in enhanced cellular senescence and decreased apoptosis during decidualization. Taken together, our findings suggest that C-peptide is an antideciduogenic factor acting via the regulation between PP1 and GSK3β in patients with hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Cho
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Joo Chon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Suealek N, Tharavanij T, Hackman RM, Keen CL, Holt RR, Burawat B, Chaikan A, Tiengtip R, Rojpibulstit P. Thai Tea Seed Oil and Virgin Olive Oil Similarly Reduce Plasma Lipids: A Pilot Study within a Healthy Adult Male Population. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuchanart Suealek
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Thipaporn Tharavanij
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Robert M. Hackman
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 United States
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 United States
- Department of Internal Medicine University of California, Davis Sacramento California 95817 United States
| | - Roberta R. Holt
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 United States
| | - Benjapun Burawat
- Nutrition and Food Service Division Thammasat University Hospital Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Ammara Chaikan
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Rattana Tiengtip
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Panadda Rojpibulstit
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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26
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Western diet-induced obesity disrupts the diurnal rhythmicity of hippocampal core clock gene expression in a mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:815-825. [PMID: 32454134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) feeding disrupts core clock gene expression in peripheral tissues and contributes to WD-induced metabolic disease. The hippocampus, the mammalian center for memory, is also sensitive to WD feeding, but whether the WD disrupts its core clock is unknown. To this end, male mice were maintained on a WD for 16 weeks and diurnal metabolism, gene expression and memory were assessed. WD-induced obesity disrupted the diurnal rhythms of whole-body metabolism, markers of inflammation and hepatic gene expression, but did not disrupt diurnal expression of hypothalamic Bmal1, Npas2 and Per2. However, all measured core clock genes were disrupted in the hippocampus after WD feeding and the expression pattern of genes implicated in Alzheimer's disease and synaptic function were altered. Finally, WD feeding disrupted hippocampal memory in a task- and time-dependent fashion. Our results implicate WD-induced alterations in the rhythmicity of hippocampal gene expression in the etiology of diet-induced memory deficits.
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27
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Nergiz-Unal R, Ulug E, Kisioglu B, Tamer F, Bodur M, Yalcimin H, Yuruk AA. Hepatic cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein levels impaired by dietary fructose and saturated fatty acids in mice: Insight on PCSK9 and CD36. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110954. [PMID: 32862122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the uncertain effects of high saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or fructose intake on cholesterol and lipoproteins with an insight of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)- and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-induced mechanisms. METHODS Forty male C57 BL/6 mice (8 wks of age) were divided into four groups and fed ad libitum with standard chow or three isocaloric diets containing high SFAs (SFA group), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA group, vehicle), or fructose for 15 wks. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed and blood, liver, and heart were collected for further analysis. RESULTS Consequently, fructose or SFA intake resulted in higher plasma and liver total cholesterol (TC) levels, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo)-B levels, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, and lower plasma levels of HDL-C and Apo-A1 (P < 0.05). Levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 enzymes in liver and CD36 levels in plasma were elevated by high SFAs and fructose intake (P < 0.05), whereas plasma PCSK9 levels were not significantly changed. Fructose and SFA intake increased PCSK9 and CD36 levels in the heart, along with increased CD36 levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Furthermore, plasma LDL-C was found to be positively correlated with liver PCSK9 (r = 0.85, P = 0.02), and CD36 (r = 0.70, P = 0.02) in the SFA and fructose groups. CONCLUSION High intakes of dietary SFAs and fructose might induce dysregulations in the cholesterol synthesis and blood lipoprotein levels via proposed nutrient-sensitive biomarkers PCSK9 and CD36 in liver and extrahepatic tissues involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elif Ulug
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Kisioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Tamer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Bodur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Yalcimin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Armagan Aytug Yuruk
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Saghafi-Asl M. The Effects of Diets Enriched in Monounsaturated Oleic Acid on the Management and Prevention of Obesity: a Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:864-877. [PMID: 32135008 PMCID: PMC7360458 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several major noncommunicable diseases, and is an important public health concern globally. Dietary fat content is a major contributor to the increase in global obesity rates. Changes in dietary habits, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to prevent obesity and its metabolic complications. In recent years, a number of studies have found that oleic acid (OA), the most common MUFA in daily nutrition, has protective effects against human disease. Importantly, there is emerging evidence indicating the beneficial effects of OA in regulating body weight. Accordingly, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of diets enriched in monounsaturated OA on the management and prevention of obesity, emphasizing possible mechanisms of action of OA in energy homeostasis. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases for clinical trials that examined the effects of diets rich in OA on obesity. Of 821 full-text articles assessed, 28 clinical trials were included in the present study. According to the studies examined in this review, diets enriched in OA can influence fat balance, body weight, and possibly energy expenditure. Importantly, abdominal fat and central obesity can be reduced following consumption of high-OA-containing meals. Mechanistically, OA-rich diets can be involved in the regulation of food intake, body mass, and energy expenditure by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Other proposed mechanisms include the prevention of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway, the induction of oleoylethanolamide synthesis, and possibly the downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity. In summary, current findings lend support to advice not restricting consumption of OA-rich meals so as to maintain a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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Yao Y, Pek SX, Toh DWK, Xia X, Kim JE. Effects of fatty acids composition in a breakfast meal on the postprandial lipid responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:793-803. [PMID: 32223451 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1744534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of food rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) is a well-known dietary strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease while its impact on postprandial blood lipids is less examined. This study assessed the effects of fatty acids composition on the postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. Seventeen randomised controlled trials were identified and pooled analysis results revealed that consumption of a UFAs-rich or an SFAs-rich breakfast meal did not acutely affect postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. However, subgroup analysis observed that triglycerides incremental area under the curve was lower with an SFAs-rich meal (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.15) over a less than 8 h duration, while was higher (SMD: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.23) over a longer postprandial duration. It suggests that the postprandial duration is of importance when evaluating the effects of fatty acids composition on blood lipid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheri Xueqi Pek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Producing high-oleic acid beef and the impact of ground beef consumption on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A review. Meat Sci 2020; 163:108076. [PMID: 32066000 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the effects of high-oleic acid oil and high-oleic acid ground beef interventions on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human trials, and also summarizes studies designed to increase the amount of oleic acid (18:1n-9) in beef. In three human trials, high-oleic acid oils and high-oleic acid ground beef increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol over baseline values or over high-carbohydrate diets. Neither low-oleic acid nor high-oleic acid ground beef increased risk factors for CVD, confirming earlier studies that used high-oleic acid oils. High-oleic acid beef can be obtained from cattle fed a corn-based finishing diet to USDA Grade of USDA Choice or greater; from beef from cattle with Japanese genetics; and from the brisket. Beef from grass-fed cattle contains more n-3 fatty acids than beef from conventionally-fed cattle, but also contains greater amounts of saturated and trans-fatty acids.
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Abstract
The effect of dietary fats on cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, has generated tremendous interest. Many earlier investigations focused on total fat and conventional fat classes (such as saturated and unsaturated fats) and their influence on a limited number of risk factors. However, dietary fats comprise heterogeneous molecules with diverse structures, and growing research in the past two decades supports correspondingly complex health effects of individual dietary fats. Moreover, health effects of dietary fats might be modified by additional factors, such as accompanying nutrients and food-processing methods, emphasizing the importance of the food sources. Accordingly, the rapidly increasing scientific findings on dietary fats and cardiometabolic diseases have generated debate among scientists, caused confusion for the general public and present challenges for translation into dietary advice and policies. This Review summarizes the evidence on the effects of different dietary fats and their food sources on cell function and on risk factors and clinical events of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review but rather to focus on the most important evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies and to highlight current areas of controversy and the most relevant future research directions for understanding how to improve the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases through optimization of dietary fat intake.
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Wołoszyn J, Haraf G, Okruszek A, Wereńska M, Goluch Z, Teleszko M. Fatty acid profiles and health lipid indices in the breast muscles of local Polish goose varieties. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1216-1224. [PMID: 32036970 PMCID: PMC7587679 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and health lipid indices of meat from 3 Polish local goose varieties (Romanian–RO, Pomeranian–PO, and Subcarpathian–SB) and the commercial cross White Kołuda goose (W31). Birds were fed ad libitum with the same complete feeds until 17 wk of age. The geese (n = 72) with body weight close to the arithmetic mean in particular flock were fasted for 12 h and slaughtered in an experimental slaughterhouse (18 females in each flock). Carcasses were stored at 2 to 4°C for 24 h. The breast muscles (m. pectoralis major) were cut out from the left side of carcass, separately vacuum-packed, and stored at −80°C until analysis. Fatty acid profile of meat was determined by gas chromatography and health lipid indices were calculated. The W31 muscles had a higher percentage of C 18:0 and a lower of C 16:0 than those of RO, PO, and SB geese. The W31 muscles were characterized by a significantly higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (46.5%) than remaining ones (43.28%–PO, 43.38%–SB, and 44.24%–RO). The lowest proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was established for W31 muscles (22.05%). The breast muscles of RO, SB, and PO had more favorable polyunsaturated n-6 and n-3 fatty acid (PUFA)/ saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio (0.85, 0.82, 0.83, respectively) than W31 geese (0.72). The current findings showed that UFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA n-6/n-3 ratios in RO and SB muscles were within the optimum values for human diets. No significant differences were observed in the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic indices between the analyzed muscles. Commercial W31 geese breast muscles showed a lower value (43.90%) of peroxidizability index (PI) compared to SB (52.88%), PO (53.93%), and RO (53.47%). However, the higher values of the PUFA/SFA and PI in the meat of SB, PO, and RO birds may indicate a higher prohealth value of their meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Wołoszyn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345
| | - Gabriela Haraf
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345.
| | - Andrzej Okruszek
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345
| | - Monika Wereńska
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345
| | - Zuzanna Goluch
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345
| | - Mirosława Teleszko
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw 53-345
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The regulation of inflammation-related genes after palmitic acid and DHA treatments is not mediated by DNA methylation. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:341-349. [PMID: 31423543 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are known to participate in body inflammatory responses. In particular, saturated FAs such as palmitic acid (PA) induce inflammatory signals in macrophages, whereas polyunsaturated FAs, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been related to anti-inflammatory effects. Several studies have suggested a role of fatty acids on DNA methylation, epigenetically regulating gene expression in inflammation processes. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of PA and DHA on the inflammation-related genes on human macrophages. In addition, a second aim was to study the epigenetic mechanism underlying the effect of FAs on the inflammatory response. For these purposes, human acute monocytic leukaemia cells (THP-1) were differentiated into macrophages with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), followed by an incubation with PA or DHA. At the end of the experiment, mRNA expression, protein secretion, and CpG methylation of the following inflammatory genes were analysed: interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (SERPINE1) and interleukin 18 (IL18). The results showed that the treatment with PA increased IL-18 and TNF-α production. Contrariwise, the supplementation with DHA reduced IL-18, TNF-α and PAI-1 secretion by macrophages. However, the incubation with these fatty acids did not apparently modify the DNA methylation status of the investigated genes in the screened CpG sites. This research reveals that PA induces important pro-inflammatory markers in human macrophages, whereas DHA decreases the inflammatory response. Apparently, DNA methylation is not directly involved in the fatty acid-mediated regulation of the expression of these inflammation-related genes.
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González-Peña D, Brennan L. Recent Advances in the Application of Metabolomics for Nutrition and Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:479-519. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of small molecules called metabolites in biological samples. Application of metabolomics to nutrition research has expanded in recent years, with emerging literature supporting multiple applications. Key examples include applications of metabolomics in the identification and development of objective biomarkers of dietary intake, in developing personalized nutrition strategies, and in large-scale epidemiology studies to understand the link between diet and health. In this review, we provide an overview of the current applications and identify key challenges that need to be addressed for the further development of the field. Successful development of metabolomics for nutrition research has the potential to improve dietary assessment, help deliver personalized nutrition, and enhance our understanding of the link between diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana González-Peña
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;,
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;,
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Michalak M, Agellon LB. Stress Coping Strategies in the Heart: An Integrated View. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:168. [PMID: 30519562 PMCID: PMC6258784 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is made up of an ordered amalgam of cardiac cell types that work together to coordinate four major processes, namely energy production, electrical conductance, mechanical work, and tissue remodeling. Over the last decade, a large body of information has been amassed regarding how different cardiac cell types respond to cellular stress that affect the functionality of their elaborate intracellular membrane networks, the cellular reticular network. In the context of the heart, the manifestations of stress coping strategies likely differ depending on the coping strategy outcomes of the different cardiac cell types, and thus may underlie the development of distinct cardiac disorders. It is not clear whether all cardiac cell types have similar sensitivity to cellular stress, how specific coping response strategies modify their unique roles, and how their metabolic status is communicated to other cells within the heart. Here we discuss our understanding of the roles of specialized cardiac cells that together make the heart function as an organ with the ability to pump blood continuously and follow a regular rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Mahmassani HA, Avendano EE, Raman G, Johnson EJ. Avocado consumption and risk factors for heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:523-536. [PMID: 29635493 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrients in avocados are associated with cardiovascular benefits. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of avocado intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with the use of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched from 1946 through September 2017 for publications on avocado intake and CVD risk. All designs except for cross-sectional studies that evaluated avocado intake were included. Two investigators independently screened citations and extracted data. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used when ≥3 studies reported the same outcome. Results Of 18 eligible studies (481 subjects), 7 studies compared avocado intake with no intake, 3 studies compared avocado plus monounsaturated fat intake with a control, and 8 studies reported data for qualitative synthesis. In 7 studies, avocado intake significantly increased HDL cholesterol (summary net change: 2.84 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.18, 5.49 mg/dL), with significant heterogeneity. This remained consistent in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. There was no significant difference between avocado intake and the control for the outcomes of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), ratios of TC to HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, and body weight. In qualitative synthesis, there was no significant difference between groups for blood glucose (2 studies), homeostasis model assessment (1 of 2 studies), oxidized LDL (2 studies), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2 studies), or apolipoprotein B (2 studies) or, in 1 study each, for body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, arterial compliance, fibrinogen, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and serum nitric oxide. No studies reported incident clinical outcomes of CVD, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and other clinical endpoints. Conclusions Avocado intake resulted in no difference in serum TC, LDL-cholesterol, and TG concentrations, but it did increase serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations, with significant heterogeneity. The association between avocado intake and CVD risk should be confirmed by well-conducted prospective observational studies or long-term trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiya A Mahmassani
- Dorothy J and Gerald R Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy at Tufts University
| | | | - Gowri Raman
- Tufts Clinical Evidence Synthesis Center, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition, Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Argente-Arizón P, Díaz F, Ros P, Barrios V, Tena-Sempere M, García-Segura LM, Argente J, Chowen JA. The Hypothalamic Inflammatory/Gliosis Response to Neonatal Overnutrition Is Sex and Age Dependent. Endocrinology 2018; 159:368-387. [PMID: 29077836 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes participate in both physiological and pathophysiological responses to metabolic and nutrient signals. Although most studies have focused on the astrocytic response to weight gain due to high-fat/high-carbohydrate intake, surplus intake of a balanced diet also induces excess weight gain. We have accessed the effects of neonatal overnutrition, which has both age- and sex-dependent effects on weight gain, on hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis. Although both male and female Wistar rats accumulate excessive fat mass as early as postnatal day (PND) 10 with neonatal overnutrition, no increase in hypothalamic cytokine levels, markers of astrocytes or microglia, or inflammatory signaling pathways were observed. At PND 50, no effect of neonatal overnutriton was found in either sex, whereas at PND 150, males again weighed significantly more than their controls, and this was coincident with an increase in markers of inflammation and astrogliosis in the hypothalamus. Circulating triglycerides and free fatty acids were also elevated in these males, but not in females or in either sex at PND 10. Thus, the effects of fatty acids and estrogens on astrocytes in vitro were analyzed. Our results indicate that changes in circulating fatty acid levels may be involved in the induction of hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis in excess weight gain, even on a normal diet, and that estrogens could participate in the protection of females from these processes. In conclusion, the interaction of developmental influences, dietary composition, age, and sex determines the central inflammatory response and the associated long-term outcomes of excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerto de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Svanzados Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hryhorczuk C, Décarie-Spain L, Sharma S, Daneault C, Rosiers CD, Alquier T, Fulton S. Saturated high-fat feeding independent of obesity alters hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function but not anxiety-like behaviour. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017. [PMID: 28623763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Overconsumption of dietary fat can elicit impairments in emotional processes and the response to stress. While excess dietary lipids have been shown to alter hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and promote anxiety-like behaviour, it is not known if such changes rely on elevated body weight and if these effects are specific to the type of dietary fat. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a saturated and a monounsaturated high-fat diet (HFD) on HPA axis function and anxiety-like behaviour in rats. Biochemical, metabolic and behavioural responses were evaluated following eight weeks on one of three diets: (1) a monounsaturated HFD (50%kcal olive oil), (2) a saturated HFD (50%kcal palm oil), or (3) a control low-fat diet. Weight gain was similar across the three diets while visceral fat mass was elevated by the two HFDs. The saturated HFD had specific actions to increase peak plasma levels of corticosterone and tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha and suppress mRNA expression of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, corticotropin-releasing hormone and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Both HFDs enhanced the corticosterone-suppressing response to dexamethasone administration without affecting the physiological response to a restraint stress and failed to increase anxiety-like behaviour as measured in the elevated-plus maze and open field tests. These findings demonstrate that prolonged intake of saturated fat, without added weight gain, increases CORT and modulates central HPA feedback processes. That saturated HFD failed to affect anxiety-like behaviour can suggest that the anxiogenic effects of prolonged high-fat feeding may rely on more pronounced metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Hryhorczuk
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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Al-Majdoub M, Lantz M, Spégel P. Treatment of Swedish Patients with Graves' Hyperthyroidism Is Associated with Changes in Acylcarnitine Levels. Thyroid 2017; 27:1109-1117. [PMID: 28699427 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism is associated with alterations in metabolism that are currently only partially understood. The objective of the study was to investigate changes in metabolism associated with reinstatement of euthyroidism in Swedish patients. METHODS Eighty metabolites in plasma were profiled from 10 subjects with Graves' disease (GD) at baseline and after 9 and 15 months of treatment to reinstate euthyroidism. Thyroid parameters, thyrotropin (TSH), TSH receptor antibodies, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine were followed. Main findings were validated in plasma from 20 subjects with GD at baseline and at three, six, and nine months. The study was conducted at the endocrinology clinic in Malmö, Sweden. RESULTS Euthyroidism was reinstated at three months, and thyroid status did not change further during the 15-month follow-up. This was paralleled by altered levels of 9/19 detected acylcarnitines (p < 0.05 after adjustment for multiple testing). Levels of short-chain acylcarnitines were decreased, intermediate-chain acylcarnitines elevated, and long-chain acylcarnitines unaltered. CONCLUSIONS GD and treatment of the disease is associated with pronounced acyl chain length-dependent alterations in acylcarnitine levels. These changes may be impacted by ethnicity and or dietary differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- 1 Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lantz
- 1 Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- 1 Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
- 3 Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
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Briggs MA, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM. Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E29. [PMID: 28635680 PMCID: PMC5492032 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. While the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. For example, replacing SFA with whole grains, but not refined carbohydrates, reduces CVD risk. Replacing SFA with protein, especially plant protein, may also reduce CVD risk. While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. As research continues, we will refine our understanding of dietary patterns associated with lower CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Briggs
- Department of Biology, Lycoming College, 700 College Place, Williamsport, PA 17701, USA.
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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A novel polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor encoding gene (OXTR) affects milk fatty acid composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:170-180. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin and the complex oxytocin–oxytocin receptor plays an important role in the uterus during calving. A characterisation of the river buffalo OXTR gene, amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis is presented. The DNA regions of the OXTR gene spanning exons 1, 2 and 3 of ten Mediterranean river buffalo DNA samples were analysed and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found. We focused on the g.129C > T SNP detected in exon 3 and responsible for the amino acid replacement CGCArg > TGCCys in position 353. The relative frequency of T allele was of 0·257. An association study between this detected polymorphism and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo was carried out. The fatty acid composition traits, fatty acid classes and fat percentage of 306 individual milk samples were determined. Associations between OXTR g.129C > T genotype and milk fatty acids composition were tested using a mixed linear model. The OXTR CC genotype was found significantly associated with higher contents of odd branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) (P < 0·0006), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA n 3 and n 6) (P < 0·0032 and P < 0·0006, respectively), stearic acid (C18) (P < 0·02) and lower level of palmitic acid (C16) (P < 0·02). The results of this study suggest that the OXTR CC animals might be useful in selection toward the improvement of milk fatty acid composition.
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Kim DH, Cho YM, Lee KH, Jeong SW, Kwon OJ. Oleate protects macrophages from palmitate-induced apoptosis through the downregulation of CD36 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:477-482. [PMID: 28522296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In obese patients, free fatty acids ectopically accumulated in non-adipose tissues cause cell death. Saturated fatty acids are more deleterious to non-adipose cells, and supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids has been proposed to rescue cells from saturated fatty acid-induced cytotoxicity; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. To understand the cytoprotective role of monounsaturated fatty acids in lipotoxic cell death of macrophages, we investigated the antagonizing effect of oleate and the underlying mechanisms in palmitate-treated RAW264.7 cells. Palmitate strongly induced apoptosis in macrophages by increasing CD36 expression, which was identified to mediate both endoplasmic reticulum stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Co-treatment with oleate significantly reduced CD36 expression and its downstream signaling pathways of apoptosis in palmitate-treated cells. These findings provide a novel mechanism by which oleate protects macrophages from palmitate-induced lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Whan Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oleic acid-derived oleoylethanolamide: A nutritional science perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:1-15. [PMID: 28389247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid ethanolamide oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator derived from the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid. OEA is synthesized from membrane glycerophospholipids and is a high-affinity agonist of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α). Dietary intake of oleic acid elevates circulating levels of OEA in humans by increasing substrate availability for OEA biosynthesis. Numerous clinical studies demonstrate a beneficial relationship between high-oleic acid diets and body composition, with emerging evidence to suggest OEA may mediate this response through modulation of lipid metabolism and energy intake. OEA exposure has been shown to stimulate fatty acid uptake, lipolysis, and β-oxidation, and also promote food intake control. Future research on high-oleic acid diets and body composition is warranted to confirm these outcomes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which oleic acid exerts its biological effects. These findings have significant practical implications, as the oleic acid-derived OEA molecule may be a promising therapeutic agent for weight management and obesity treatment.
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Abdullah MMH, Jew S, Jones PJH. Health benefits and evaluation of healthcare cost savings if oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids were substituted for conventional dietary oils in the United States. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:163-174. [PMID: 28158733 PMCID: PMC5914363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of nutritional behaviors on health is beyond debate and has the potential to affect the economic outputs of societies in significant ways. Dietary fatty acids have become a central theme in nutrition research in recent years, and the popularity of dietary oils rich in healthy fatty acids, such as monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), for cooking applications and use in food products has increased. Here, the objective is to summarize the health effects of MUFA-rich diets and to systematically estimate the potential healthcare and societal cost savings that could be realized by increasing MUFA intakes compared with other dietary fat intakes in the United States. Using a scoping review approach, the literature of randomized controlled clinical trials was searched and a 4-step cost-of-illness analysis was developed, which included estimates of success rate, disease biomarker reduction, disease incidence reduction, and cost savings. Findings revealed improvements in established biomarkers and in incidence of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, along with potentially substantial annual healthcare and societal cost savings when recommendations for daily MUFA intake were followed. In summary, beyond the beneficial health effects of MUFA-rich diets, potential economic benefits suggest practical implications for consumers, food processors, and healthcare authorities alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. H. Abdullah
- M.M.H. Abdullah, S. Jew, and P.J.H. Jones are with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. M.M.H. Abdullah and P.J.H. Jones are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Jew
- M.M.H. Abdullah, S. Jew, and P.J.H. Jones are with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. M.M.H. Abdullah and P.J.H. Jones are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J. H. Jones
- M.M.H. Abdullah, S. Jew, and P.J.H. Jones are with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. M.M.H. Abdullah and P.J.H. Jones are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Oliveira LG, Moreno LG, Melo DS, Costa-Pereira LV, Carvalho MMDF, Silva PHE, Alves AM, Magalhães FDC, Dias-Peixoto MF, Esteves EA. Caryocar brasiliense oil improves cardiac function by increasing Serca2a/PLB ratio despite no significant changes in cardiovascular risk factors in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:37. [PMID: 28179001 PMCID: PMC5299795 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) oil is high in monounsaturated fat acids (MUFA), especially oleic, and in carotenoids, which have been associated with protection against cardiovascular disease. However, this food is poorly studied in this context, especially in the cardiac function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a long-term intake of pequi oil in systemic cardiovascular risk factors and in the ex vivo cardiac function of rats. Methods Previously, we determined fatty acids and carotenoids in pequi oil. Next, male rats were divided in C – control group feed a standard diet, and PO – pequi oil group fed the same diet added pequi oil (+2.25 g.100 g−1). After 15 weeks, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic lipids were accessed and visceral fat pads were harvested. Hearts were used for the ex vivo cardiac function, histologic assays, SERCA2a and phospholanban (PLB) determinations. Results In agreement with scientific data, pequi oil had expressive amounts MUFA, especially oleic acid, and carotenoids. Hepatic triglycerides (TG) were reduced by pequi oil intake (p < 0.05). All others cardiovascular risk factors were not changed. The intrinsic heart rate was lower in PO group (p < 0.05). SERCA2a content was higher in this group (p < 0.05), without affecting PLB. Also, SERCA2a/PLB ratio increased in PO group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Pequi oil intake improved cardiac function ex vivo, despite no significant changes in systemic cardiovascular risk factors. The higher lipid offer in pequi oil diet, its composition in oleic acid and carotenoids could be related to those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Guedes Oliveira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Dirceu Sousa Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Liliane Vanessa Costa-Pereira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Mayara Medeiros de Freitas Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil, CEP: 35400-000
| | - Paulo Henrique Evangelista Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Ana Maria Alves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000.
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48
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Harasim-Symbor E, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Chabowski A. Additive effects of dexamethasone and palmitate on hepatic lipid accumulation and secretion. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:261-273. [PMID: 27707773 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic and natural glucocorticoids are able to highly modify liver lipid metabolism, which is possibly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. We have assessed the changes in lipid and sphingolipid contents in hepatocytes, lipid composition and saturation status as well as the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid transport after both dexamethasone and palmitate treatments. The experiments were conducted on primary rat hepatocytes, incubated with dexamethasone and/or palmitic acid during short (16 h) and prolonged (40 h) exposure. Intracellular and extracellular lipid and sphingolipid contents were assessed by gas liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The expression of selected proteins was estimated by Western blotting. Short and prolonged exposure to dexamethasone combined with palmitic acid resulted in increased expression of fatty acid transporters, which was subsequently reflected by excessive intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerols and ceramide. The expression of microsomal transfer protein and cassette transporter was also significantly increased after dexamethasone and palmitate treatment, which was in accordance with elevated extracellular lipid and sphingolipid contents. Our data showed additive effects of dexamethasone and palmitate on protein-dependent fatty acid uptake in primary hepatocytes, resulting in the increased accumulation of triacylglycerols and sphingolipids. Moreover, the combined treatment altered fatty acid composition and diminished triacylglycerols desaturation index. Importantly, we observed that additive effects on both increased microsomal transport protein expression as well as elevated export of triacylglycerols, which may be relevant as a liver protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Białsytok, Podlaskie, Poland
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49
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Liu X, Kris-Etherton PM, West SG, Lamarche B, Jenkins DJA, Fleming JA, McCrea CE, Pu S, Couture P, Connelly PW, Jones PJH. Effects of canola and high-oleic-acid canola oils on abdominal fat mass in individuals with central obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2261-2268. [PMID: 27804268 PMCID: PMC5119743 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of diets low in saturated fatty acids and high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids on body composition in participants at risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This study was a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. Participants (n = 101, ages 49.5 ± 1.2, BMI 29.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2 ) were randomized to five isocaloric diets containing treatment oils: Canola, CanolaOleic, CanolaDHA, Corn/Safflower, and Flax/Safflower. Each diet period was 4 weeks followed by a 2- to 4-week washout period. RESULTS Canola (3.1 kg, P = 0.026) and CanolaOleic oil diets (3.09 kg, P = 0.03) reduced android fat mass compared with the Flax/Saff oil diet (3.2 kg), particularly in men. The decrease in abdominal fat mass was correlated with the reduction in blood pressure after the Canola (systolic blood pressure: r = 0.26, P = 0.062; diastolic blood pressure: r = 0.38, P = 0.0049) and CanolaOleic oil diets (systolic blood pressure: r = 0.39 P = 0.004; diastolic blood pressure: r = 0.45, P = 0.0006). The decrease in abdominal fat mass also was associated with a reduction in triglyceride levels after the CanolaOleic oil diet (r = 0.42, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Diets high in MUFA (compared with PUFA) reduced central obesity with an accompanying improvement in MetS risk factors. Diets high in MUFA may be beneficial for treating and perhaps preventing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Sheila G West
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cindy E McCrea
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuaihua Pu
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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50
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Dumas JA, Bunn JY, Nickerson J, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Makarewicz J, Poynter ME, Kien CL. Dietary saturated fat and monounsaturated fat have reversible effects on brain function and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in young women. Metabolism 2016; 65:1582-8. [PMID: 27621193 PMCID: PMC5023067 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature suggests that a higher ratio of palmitic acid (PA)/oleic acid (OA) in the diet induces inflammation, which may result in deficient brain insulin signaling, and, secondarily, impaired physical activity, sleep efficiency, and cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that lowering the typical dietary PA/OA would affect the activation of relevant brain networks during a working memory task and would also lower secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. DESIGN In 12 female subjects participating in a randomized, cross-over trial comparing 3-week high PA diet (HPA) and low PA and a high OA diet (HOA), we evaluated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using an N-back test of working memory, cytokine secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and plasma cytokine concentrations. RESULTS Brain activation during the HPA diet compared to the HOA diet was increased in regions of the basal ganglia including the caudate and putamen (p<0.005). In addition, compared to the HOA diet, during the HPA diet, the plasma concentrations of IL-6 (p=0.04) and IL-1β (p=0.05) were higher, and there was a higher secretion of IL-18 (p=0.015) and a trend for higher IL-1β secretion (p=0.066) from LPS-stimulated PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS The HPA diet resulted in increased brain activation in the basal ganglia compared to the HOA diet as well as increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These data provide evidence that short-term (2week) diet interventions impact brain network activation during a working memory task and that these effects are reversible since the order of the study diets was randomized. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that lowering the dietary PA content via substitution with OA also could affect cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Joshua Nickerson
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Karen I Crain
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Emily K Tarleton
- College of Medicine Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jenna Makarewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Craig Lawrence Kien
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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