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Kimura Y, Hata J, Shibata M, Honda T, Sakata S, Furuta Y, Oishi E, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Skin carotenoid scores and metabolic syndrome in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1465-1471. [PMID: 38982187 PMCID: PMC11420057 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher vegetable intake is being promoted as an initiative to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Carotenoids are yellow or red pigment components and are widely present in vegetables. Since ingested carotenoids accumulate in the skin, skin carotenoid levels are a quantitative indicator of vegetable intake. Recently, noninvasive optical sensors for assessing skin carotenoid levels were developed. We here examined the association between skin carotenoid scores measured using optical sensors and the presence of metabolic syndrome. METHODS A total of 1618 individuals (604 men and 1014 women) aged ≥ 40 years (mean age 63.1 years) participated in the study. Skin carotenoid scores were determined using a noninvasive optical sensor based on multiple spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement criteria developed by six international scientific societies. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.3% (n = 506). A remarkably strong association was found between higher skin carotenoid scores and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome after adjusting for confounders. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the presence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with the highest quartile of skin carotenoid scores was 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.55) compared to those with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher skin carotenoid scores measured by non-invasive optimal sensors are significantly associated with a lower likelihood of having metabolic syndrome in the general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Kimura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Oishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Hefner M, Kudchadkar G, Hia RA, Sultan MA, Booe H, Dhurandhar NV. Confronting the challenge of promoting fruit and vegetable intake for obesity management: An alternative approach. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1043-1044. [PMID: 38632324 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleigh Hefner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Kudchadkar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Raksa Andalib Hia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Most Arifa Sultan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Holli Booe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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3
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Miura K, Yu R, Entwistle TR, McKenzie SC, Green AC. Association of diet quality and weight increase in adult heart transplant recipients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:408-417. [PMID: 37997547 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the quality of the diet of heart transplant recipients (HTRs) is essential to developing effective dietary interventions for weight control, but relevant evidence is scarce. We investigated diet quality and its association with post-transplant increase in weight adjusted for height (body mass index [BMI]) in Australian HTRs. METHODS We recruited adult HTRs from Queensland's thoracic transplant clinic, 2020-2021. Study participants completed a 3-day food diary using a smart-phone app. Socio-demographic information was collected by self-administered questionnaire, and height, serial weight and clinical information were obtained from medical records. We calculated the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index based on nine food groups and nutrients (index of 90 indicates highest possible quality), and any changes in BMI (≤ 0 kg m-2 or >0 kg m-2) post-transplantation. Median DASH index values were assessed in relation to sex and BMI change using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Among 49 consented HTRs, 25 (51%) completed the food diary (median age 48 years, 52% females). Median BMI at enrolment was 27.2 kg m-2; median BMI change since transplant was +3.7 kg m-2. Fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intakes were generally lower than recommended, giving a low overall median DASH index of 30 with no sex differences. HTRs for which the BMI increased post-transplant had significantly lower median DASH indices than those whose BMI did not increase (30 vs. 45, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The diet quality of HTRs appears suboptimal overall, with fruit and vegetable intakes especially low. HTRs whose BMI increased post-transplant had substantially lower quality diets than HTRs whose BMI did not increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Miura
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Regina Yu
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Scott C McKenzie
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Adèle C Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- CRUK Manchester Institute and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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4
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Wang F, Zhang P, Ren Y, Huang D, Xu F, Ma J, Luo S, Liang X. The estimated effect of increasing fruit interventions on controlling body weight in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Prev Med 2024; 179:107785. [PMID: 37992975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of increased fruit consumption on weight change remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interventions targeted at promoting fruit consumption and managing body weight in children and adolescents. METHODS Four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched from January 1, 2000, to October 10th, 2023, to identify Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed changes in fruit consumption and obesity indicators. RESULTS A total of 22 trials including 12,678 participants who met our inclusion criteria were selected for this review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the interventions increased fruit intake (MD = 78.58 g/day (95% CI 53.09 to 104.07), P < 0.001) in children and adolescents. The mean reduction of body mass index was 0.27 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.59 to 0.05 kg/m2, P = 0.101). And no significant decreases were observed in body mass index-z scores, but there was a significant decrease in waist circumference (MD = -0.65 cm (95% CI -1.15 to -0.05 cm), P < 0.05). Increased fruit intake was shown to be associated with a lower prevalence of obesity when compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.90), P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provided evidence that interventions aimed at increasing fruit consumption were effective at reducing obesity prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fenglin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shimian People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Shunqing Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Rosell M, Fadnes LT. Vegetables, fruits, and berries - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10455. [PMID: 38327994 PMCID: PMC10845895 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, fruits, and berries comprise a large variety of foods and are recognised to play an important role in preventing chronic diseases. Many observational studies have been published during the last decade, and the aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of vegetables, fruits, and berries for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines. A scoping review was conducted according to the protocol developed within the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project. Current available evidence strengthens the role of consuming vegetables, fruits, and berries in preventing chronic diseases. The most robust evidence is found for cancer in the gastric system and lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Steeper risk reductions are generally seen at the lower intake ranges, but further reductions have been seen for higher intakes for cardiovascular disease. Weaker associations are seen for type 2 diabetes. There is evidence that suggests a beneficial role also for outcomes such as osteoporosis, depression, cognitive disorders, and frailty in the elderly. The observed associations are supported by several mechanisms, indicting causal effects. Some subgroups of vegetables, fruits, and berries may have greater benefits than other subgroups, supporting a recommendation to consume a variety of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Li SY, Leung JCS, Lu ZH, Kwok TCY. Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4096. [PMID: 37836380 PMCID: PMC10574446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between fruit and vegetable intake, considering both quantity and variety, and weight change among older adults remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. METHODS A total of 2944 participants aged ≥65 years from Hong Kong communities were included. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated by a locally validated food frequency questionnaire. Adiposity measures (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat and lean mass) were assessed at baseline and the year four follow-up. Restricted cubic spline and logistic models were performed to estimate the associations between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures. RESULTS A nonlinear association between vegetable intake and weight change was found, following a J-shape curve. Increased vegetable intake was associated with less increases in weight, BMI, and fat mass among those below median intakes. However, these associations became insignificant at higher intakes (all P-nonlinearity < 0.05). The ORs (95% CIs) for weight gain across the quartiles of vegetable intake were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (0.56, 1.17), 0.55 (0.36, 0.83), and 0.88 (0.58, 1.33). Similar patterns were observed in overweight and normal weight participants, but not in those with low body weight. No associations with weight change were found for fruit intake or fruit and vegetable variety. CONCLUSIONS Moderate vegetable intake was associated with less weight gain among community-dwelling Chinese older adults, but not in those with low body weight. No association was observed between fruit intake or variety with weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. S. Leung
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Lu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy C. Y. Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Heeren FAN, Darcey VL, Deemer SE, Menon S, Tobias D, Cardel MI. Breaking down silos: the multifaceted nature of obesity and the future of weight management. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220215. [PMID: 37482785 PMCID: PMC10363700 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued global increase in the prevalence of obesity prompted a meeting at the Royal Society of London investigating causal mechanisms of the disease, 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures, and evidence' in October 2022. Evidence presented indicates areas of obesity science where there have been advancements, including an increased understanding of biological and physiological processes of weight gain and maintenance, yet it is clear there is still debate on the relative contribution of plausible causes of the modern obesity epidemic. Consensus was reached that obesity is not a reflection of diminished willpower, but rather the confluence of multiple, complex factors. As such, addressing obesity requires multifactorial prevention and treatment strategies. The accumulated evidence suggests that a continued focus primarily on individual-level contributors will be suboptimal in promoting weight management at the population level. Here, we consider individual biological and physiological processes within the broader context of sociodemographic and sociocultural exposures as well as environmental changes to optimize research priorities and public health efforts. This requires a consideration of a systems-level approach that efficiently addresses both systemic and group-specific environmental determinants, including psychosocial factors, that often serve as a barrier to otherwise efficacious prevention and treatment options. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Anne N. Heeren
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Valerie L. Darcey
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E. Deemer
- Integrative Metabolism & Disease Prevention Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion & Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Sarada Menon
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - Deirdre Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Nutrition Department, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
- WW International Inc, New York, New York 10010, USA
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Beretta VS, Tebar WR, Scarabottolo CC, Delfino LD, Saraiva BTC, Santos AB, Antunes EP, Leoci IC, Ferrari G, Christofaro DGD. Association between Diet and Adiposity in Adults: Influence of Sedentary Behavior Patterns. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081157. [PMID: 37107990 PMCID: PMC10138045 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the association between dietary patterns and adiposity in community-dwelling adults. Eight hundred and forty-three adults (age: 56.5 ± 18.3 years) participated in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. Dietary patterns were evaluated using self-report questions regarding the weekly frequency of consumption of certain foods. Adiposity was determined using anthropometric measurements of weight, waist circumference, and height. SB was evaluated according to the time spent on screen devices. The usual physical activity level and socioeconomic status were considered confounding factors. Associations were determined using multivariate linear models with simultaneous adjustments for confounding variables. A statistical analysis indicated that fruit consumption was negatively related to the body mass index, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. Red meat consumption was positively related to the body mass index, and fried food consumption was positively related to the waist-to-height ratio, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. The consumption of fried food was positively associated with global and central adiposity after the adjustments for confounding factors and time spent on screen devices. We concluded that dietary habits are related to adiposity in adults. However, SB domains seem to influence the relationship between body adiposity and dietary habits, mainly regarding the consumption of fried foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Spiandor Beretta
- Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Centre of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Catarina Covolo Scarabottolo
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Dragueta Delfino
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Barbosa Santos
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Pegorelli Antunes
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Isabella Cristina Leoci
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
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9
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Naylor Metoyer B, Chuang RJ, Lee M, Markham C, Brown EL, Almohamad M, Dave JM, Sharma SV. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Home Nutrition Environment among Low-Income Minority Households with Elementary-Aged Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081819. [PMID: 37111037 PMCID: PMC10145522 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences were shown to have an influence on child fruit and vegetable intake. This study examined the associations between parent and child fruit and vegetable intake and the home nutrition environment among Hispanic/Latino and African American families. Through a cross-sectional study design, self-reported surveys (n = 6074) were obtained from adult-child dyad participants enrolled in Brighter Bites, an evidence-based health promotion program, in the fall of 2018. For every once/day increase in frequency of parent FV intake, there was an increase in child FV intake by 0.701 times/day (CI: 0.650, 0.751, p < 0.001) and 0.916 times/day (CI: 0.762, 1.07; p < 0.001) among Hispanic/Latinos and African Americans, respectively. In Hispanic/Latino participants, significant positive associations were found between fruits as well as vegetables served at mealtimes ≥3 times/week (p < 0.001), family mealtimes 7 times/week (p = 0.018), parent-child communication about healthy eating and nutrition at least sometimes during the past 6 months (p < 0.05), and frequency of child FV intake, after adjusting for covariates. In African American participants, a significant positive association was found in fruits served at mealtimes ≥1 times/week (p < 0.05), and vegetables served at mealtimes ≥5 times/week (p < 0.05). Meals cooked from scratch a few times a day/all the time were significantly positively associated with frequency of child FV intake for both Hispanic/Latino (p = 0.017) and African American (p = 0.007) groups. The relationship between home nutrition environment and child FV intake varied by race and ethnicity. Future programs should consider designing culturally tailored interventions to address racial/ethnic-specific influences that match the child's race, culture, and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni Naylor Metoyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ru-Jye Chuang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - MinJae Lee
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric L Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maha Almohamad
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jayna M Dave
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shreela V Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Martin LE, Gutierrez VA, Torregrossa AM. The role of saliva in taste and food intake. Physiol Behav 2023; 262:114109. [PMID: 36740133 PMCID: PMC10246345 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is well-described in oral food processing, but its role in taste responsiveness remains understudied. Taste stimuli must dissolve in saliva to reach their receptor targets. This allows the constituents of saliva the opportunity to interact with taste stimuli and their receptors at the most fundamental level. Yet, despite years of correlational data suggesting a role for salivary proteins in food preference, there were few experimental models to test the role of salivary proteins in taste-driven behaviors. Here we review our experimental contributions to the hypothesis that salivary proteins can alter taste function. We have developed a rodent model to test how diet alters salivary protein expression, and how salivary proteins alter diet acceptance and taste. We have found that salivary protein expression is modified by diet, and these diet-induced proteins can, in turn, increase the acceptance of a bitter diet. The change in acceptance is in part mediated by a change in taste signaling. Critically, we have documented increased detection threshold, decreased taste nerve signaling, and decreased oromotor responding to quinine when animals have increases in a subset of salivary proteins compared to control conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Martin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Ann-Marie Torregrossa
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14216, USA; University at Buffalo Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, Buffalo, New York, 14216, USA.
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The Fruit Intake-Adiposity Paradox: Findings from a Peruvian Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051183. [PMID: 36904181 PMCID: PMC10004770 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increase in obesity worldwide, international organizations have promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as part of which fruit consumption stands out. However, there are controversies regarding the role of fruit consumption in mitigating this disease. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between fruit intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a representative sample of Peruvians. This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Secondary data analysis was conducted using information from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2019-2021). The outcome variables were BMI and WC. The exploratory variable was fruit intake, which was expressed in three different presentations: portion, salad, and juice. A generalized linear model of the Gaussian family and identity link function were performed to obtain the crude and adjusted beta coefficients. A total of 98,741 subjects were included in the study. Females comprised 54.4% of the sample. In the multivariate analysis, for each serving of fruit intake, the BMI decreased by 0.15 kg/m2 (β = -0.15; 95% CI -0.24 to -0.07), while the WC was reduced by 0.40 cm (β = -0.40; 95% CI -0.52 to -0.27). A negative association between fruit salad intake and WC was found (β = -0.28; 95% CI -0.56 to -0.01). No statistically significant association between fruit salad intake and BMI was found. In the case of fruit juice, for each glass of juice consumed, the BMI increased by 0.27 kg/m2 (β = 0.27; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.40), while the WC increased by 0.40 cm (β = 0.40; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.60). Fruit intake per serving is negatively related to general body adiposity and central fat distribution, while fruit salad intake is negatively related to central distribution adiposity. However, the consumption of fruit in the form of juices is positively associated with a significant increase in BMI and WC.
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Yiga P, Van der Schueren B, Seghers J, Kiyimba T, Ogwok P, Tafiire H, Muluta SN, Matthys C. Effect of a complex lifestyle intervention to optimize metabolic health among females of reproductive age in urban Uganda, a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:436-443. [PMID: 36811566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic health of urban Ugandans, mostly females, is increasingly becoming sub-optimal. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of a complex lifestyle intervention, based on a small change approach, on metabolic health among females of reproductive age in urban Uganda. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled two-arm trial with a 1:1 allocation involving church communities in Kampala (Uganda) was undertaken. The intervention arm received infographics and face-to-face group sessions, whereas the comparison arm received infographics only. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 45 years with a waist circumference of ≥80 cm and without cardiometabolic diseases. The study included a 3-month intervention and a 3-month postintervention follow-up. The primary outcome was a reduction in waist circumference. Secondary outcomes included optimization of cardiometabolic health, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable intake. Intention to treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04635332. RESULTS The study was conducted between 21 November 2020 and 8 May 2021. Six church communities were randomly selected, 3 (n = 66) per study arm. At 3 months and postintervention follow-up, 118 and 100 participants were analyzed, respectively. At 3 months, waist circumference tended to be lower in the intervention arm (-1.48 cm (95% CI: -3.05, 0.10) P = 0.06). The intervention showed an effect on fasting blood glucose concentrations (-6.95 mg/dL (95% CI: -13.37, -0.53) P = 0.034). Participants in the intervention arm consumed more fruits (62.6 g (95% CI: 1.9, 123.3) P = 0.046) and vegetables (66.2 g (95% CI: 25.5, 106.8) P = 0.002), whereas physical activity increased with no notable differences across the study arms. At 6 months, we found an intervention effect on waist circumference (-1.87 cm (95% CI: -3.32, -0.44) P = 0.011), fasting blood glucose concentration (-6.48 mg/dL (95% CI: -12.76, -0.21) P = 0.043), fruit consumption (29.7 g (95% CI: 5.8, 53.7) P = 0.015), and physical activity (2675.1 MET-mins/wk (95% CI: 1045.7, 4304.4) P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The intervention improved and sustained physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, but these changes were accompanied by minimal cardiometabolic health improvements. If maintained over time, the attained lifestyle improvements may result in substantial cardiometabolic health improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Yiga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Mildmay Research Centre Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Seghers
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tonny Kiyimba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Ogwok
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Tafiire
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Food Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Dorling JL, Martin CK, Yu Q, Cao W, Höchsmann C, Apolzan JW, Newton RL, Denstel KD, Mire EF, Katzmarzyk PT. Mediators of weight change in underserved patients with obesity: exploratory analyses from the Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana (PROPEL) cluster-randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1112-1122. [PMID: 35762659 PMCID: PMC9535544 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) stimulate weight loss in underserved patients with obesity, but the mediators of weight change are unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the mediators of weight change during an ILI compared with usual care (UC) in underserved patients with obesity. METHODS The PROPEL (Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana) trial randomly assigned 18 clinics (n = 803) to either an ILI or UC for 24 mo. The ILI group received an intensive lifestyle program; the UC group had routine care. Body weight was measured; further, eating behaviors (restraint, disinhibition), dietary intake (percentage fat intake, fruit and vegetable intake), physical activity, and weight- and health-related quality of life constructs were measured through questionnaires. Mediation analyses assessed whether questionnaire variables explained between-group variations in weight change during 2 periods: baseline to month 12 (n = 779) and month 12 to month 24 (n = 767). RESULTS The ILI induced greater weight loss at month 12 compared with UC (between-group difference: -7.19 kg; 95% CI: -8.43, -6.07 kg). Improvements in disinhibition (-0.33 kg; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.10 kg), percentage fat intake (-0.25 kg; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.01 kg), physical activity (-0.26 kg; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.09 kg), and subjective fatigue (-0.28 kg; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.10 kg) at month 6 during the ILI partially explained this between-group difference. Greater weight loss occurred in the ILI at month 24, yet the ILI group gained 2.24 kg (95% CI: 1.32, 3.26 kg) compared with UC from month 12 to month 24. Change in fruit and vegetable intake (0.13 kg; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21 kg) partially explained this response, and no variables attenuated the weight regain of the ILI group. CONCLUSIONS In an underserved sample, weight change induced by an ILI compared with UC was mediated by several psychological and behavioral variables. These findings could help refine weight management regimens in underserved patients with obesity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02561221.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Dorling
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wentao Cao
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Höchsmann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Kara D Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Emily F Mire
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Cantone MC, Guarnotta V, Mazzilli R, Verde L, Vetrani C, Colao A, Faggiano A. Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184402. [PMID: 36139562 PMCID: PMC9496842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with increasing incidence, high prevalence, and survival worldwide. About 90% of cases are well differentiated forms, the so-called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), with slow proliferation rates and prolonged survival but frequent development of liver metastases and endocrine syndromes. Both the tumor itself and systemic therapy may have an impact on patient nutrition. Malnutrition has a negative impact on outcome in patients with NETs, as well as obesity. In addition, obesity and metabolic syndrome have been shown to be risk factors for both the development and prognosis of NET. Therefore, dietary assessment based on body composition and lifestyle modifications should be an integral part of the treatment of NET patients. Nutrition plans, properly formulated by a dietician, are an integral part of the multidisciplinary treatment team for patients with NETs because they allow an improvement in quality of life, providing a tailored approach based on nutritional needs and nutritional manageable signs and/or symptoms related to pharmacological treatment. The aim of this review is to condense the latest evidence on the role of the most used dietary models, the Mediterranean diet, the ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting, in the context of NETs, while considering the clinical and molecular mechanisms by which these dietary models act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817463779; Fax: +39-081-746-3688
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Cantone
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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15
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Liu E, Chang SH. Self-esteem and weight status of young adults: Findings from a pilot study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:263. [PMID: 36325221 PMCID: PMC9621350 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1195_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have examined the association between self-esteem and obesity in past studies. However, most studies have focused on pediatric or adolescent populations. In this pilot study, we aim to explore the association of self-esteem with weight status in young adults, a group of individuals in a significant and pivotal period of their lives whose needs and challenges have received little attention in previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exactly 127 college juniors and seniors in the Midwest participated in late 2017. For our survey, we collected the following information: body weight, height, self-esteem score from the state self-esteem scale, grade point average, risk of eating disorders, sleep quality, nutritional behavior, lifestyle (smoking, frequency of exercise, alcohol drinking, average daily time watching television, playing video games, and social media use), and demographic and socioeconomic background. We used logistic regression for our analysis. RESULTS The logistic regression indicates that a one-point increase in the self-esteem score was negatively associated with a young adult's odds of having an unhealthy weight (being overweight or obese) by approximately 3%. Furthermore, soda drinking is a statistically significant factor associated with weight status. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests self-esteem is positively associated with a healthy weight in young adults. A larger-scale study should be conducted in the future to validate this relationship and better understand young adults' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echu Liu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Deemer SE, Owora AH, Allison DB. Taking a Hard Look at the Empirical Evidence for Popular Community-Based Interventions in Obesity. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:639-641. [PMID: 35532910 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Guariguata L, Garcia L, Sobers N, Ferguson TS, Woodcock J, Samuels TA, Guell C, Unwin N. Exploring ways to respond to rising obesity and diabetes in the Caribbean using a system dynamics model. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000436. [PMID: 36962372 PMCID: PMC10021196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity present a high and increasing burden of disease in the Caribbean that have failed to respond to prevention policies and interventions. These conditions are the result of a complex system of drivers and determinants that can make it difficult to predict the impact of interventions. In partnership with stakeholders, we developed a system dynamics simulation model to map the system driving diabetes and obesity prevalence in the Caribbean using Jamaica as a test case. The study aims to use the model to assess the magnitude changes necessary in physical activity and dietary intake to achieve global targets set by the WHO Global Action plan and to test scenarios for interventions to reduce the burden of diabetes and obesity. Continuing current trends in diet, physical activity, and demographics, the model predicts diabetes in Jamaican adults (20+ years) to rise from 12% in 2018 to 15.4% in 2030 and 20.9% by 2050. For obesity, it predicts prevalence to rise from 28.6% in 2018 to 32.1% by 2030 and 39.2% by 2050. The magnitude change necessary to achieve the global targets set by the World Health Organization is so great as to be unachievable. However, a combination of measures both upstream (including reducing the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and ultra processed foods, increasing fruit and vegetable intake, and increasing moderate-to-vigorous activity) at the population level, and downstream (targeting people at high risk and with diabetes) can significantly reduce the future burden of diabetes and obesity in the region. No single intervention reduces the prevalence of these conditions as much as a combination of interventions. Thus, the findings of this model strongly support adopting a sustained and coordinated approach across various sectors to synergistically maximise the benefits of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Guariguata
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Leandro Garcia
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Sobers
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Trevor S. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T. Alafia Samuels
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Cornelia Guell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Unwin
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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Cremonini E, Daveri E, Iglesias DE, Kang J, Wang Z, Gray R, Mastaloudis A, Kay CD, Hester SN, Wood SM, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of anthocyanins on inflammatory and metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy subjects. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102273. [PMID: 35255426 PMCID: PMC8902616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementation with a cyanidin- and delphinidin-rich extract (CDRE) on the postprandial dysmetabolism, inflammation, and redox and insulin signaling, triggered by the consumption of a high fat meal (HFM) in healthy individuals. Participants (n = 25) consumed a 1026-kcal HFM simultaneously with either the CDRE providing 320.4 mg of anthocyanins (90% cyanidin and delphinidin) or placebo. Diets were randomly assigned in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Blood was collected prior to (fasted, time 0), and for 5 h after meal consumption; plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. AC metabolites were detected in serum as early as 30 min after CDRE consumption. The CDRE mitigated HFM-induced endotoxemia, reducing increases in plasma LPS and LPS-binding protein. The CDRE also reduced other events associated with HFM-triggered postprandial dysmetabolism including: i) plasma glucose and triglyceride increases; ii) TNFα and NOX4 upregulation in PBMC; and iii) JNK1/2 activation in PBMC. The CDRE did not significantly affect HFM-mediated increases in plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and IKK phosphorylation in PBMC. In summary, dietary AC, i.e. cyanidin and delphinidin, exerted beneficial actions against unhealthy diets by modulating the associated postprandial dysmetabolism, endotoxemia, alterations of glycemia and lipidemia, and redox and insulin signaling.
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López-González L, Becerra-Tomás N, Babio N, Martínez-González MÁ, Nishi SK, Corella D, Goday A, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Martínez JA, Serra-Majem L, Estruch R, Bernal-López MR, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Tur JA, López-Miranda J, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Daimiel L, Martín-Sánchez V, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Ros E, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Martín-Luján FM, Sorlí JV, Castañer O, Zulet MA, Tojal-Sierra L, Carabaño-Moral R, Román-Maciá J, Rayó E, García-Ríos A, Casas R, Gómez-Pérez AM, Santos-Lozano JM, Buil-Cosiales P, Asensio EM, Lassale C, Abete I, Salaverria-Lete I, Sayón-Orea C, Schröder H, Salas-Salvadó J. One-year changes in fruit and vegetable variety intake and cardiometabolic risk factors changes in a middle-aged Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1393-1402. [PMID: 35411026 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kobayashi MA, Lee TK, St George SM, Lebron C, Dorcius D, Prado G, Messiah SE. Intergenerational cardiovascular disease risks among Hispanics living in the United States. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12870. [PMID: 34751514 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed intergenerational associations of obesity and cardiovascular disease risks from parents to their children among Hispanic Americans. OBJECTIVES To assess intergenerational cardiovascular associations among Hispanic families. METHODS Using baseline data from an obesity-focused efficacy trial targeting Hispanic adolescents (n = 280) and their parents, we conducted a series of logistic regression analyses to investigate the effects of parental BMI and blood pressure on adolescents' BMI and blood pressure, respectively. RESULTS After adjusting for significant socio-demographic variables and adolescents' lifestyle behaviours, adolescents were more than twice as likely to be in the severely obese versus overweight range when their parents had obesity (vs. non-obese; OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.20, 5.39) and more than twice as likely to be in the severely obese versus obese weight range (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.87) when their parents had obesity. When compared to those with normal blood pressure, adolescents who had parents with elevated blood pressure/hypertension were more than twice as likely to have elevated blood pressure (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.04, 4.00) or be classified as hypertensive stage 1/2 (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.31, 6.01). CONCLUSIONS Both severe obesity and elevated blood pressure are highly associated among Hispanic parent-child dyads. Findings underscore the potential benefits of intervening with the family system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Tae K Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sara M St George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cynthia Lebron
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - David Dorcius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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21
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of esophageal cancer in the Asian region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Esophagus 2022; 19:27-38. [PMID: 34561813 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of fruit and vegetables was reported to be associated with a reduced risk of esophageal cancer (EC) in many studies of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from different regions worldwide. Therefore, to provide precise information to reduce the risk of EC in Asia, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in the Asian region about fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of EC. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) and ICHUSHI (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) databases from January 2010 to December 2020. The summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% CI were calculated using a random-effects model. In addition, I2 statistics were used to detect heterogeneity. Twenty-two studies were eligible for meta-analysis (16 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies). The SRR for the lowest versus highest fruit consumption was 0.64 (95% CI 0.53-0.77, I2 = 82%). That for the lowest versus highest vegetable consumption was 0.61 (95% CI 0.50-0.74, I2 = 81%). Based on subgroup analysis, a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was significantly associated (SRR for fruit: 0.54; 95% CI 0.40-0.74, SRR for vegetable: 0.60; 95% CI 0.48-0.76) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 48% for fruit, I2 = 0% for vegetables). Egger's funnel plot asymmetry test demonstrated publication bias (P < 0.001 for fruit, P = 0.009 for vegetables). Fruit and vegetable consumption might be associated with a lower risk of EC in the Asian region. However, further substantial prospective studies with a validated FFQ and well-controlled important confounding factors are required to confirm the association.
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School-based obesity interventions in the metropolitan area of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: pooled analysis from five randomised studies. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1373-1379. [PMID: 33441203 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
School-based studies, despite the large number of studies conducted, have reported inconclusive results on obesity prevention. The sample size is a major constraint in such studies by requiring large samples. This pooled analysis overcomes this problem by analysing 5926 students (mean age 11·5 years) from five randomised school-based interventions. These studies focused on encouraging students to change their drinking and eating habits, and physical activities over the one school year, with monthly 1-h sessions in the classroom; culinary class aimed at developing cooking skills to increase healthy eating and attempts to family engagement. Pooled intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models accounted for school clusters. Control and intervention groups were balanced at baseline. The overall result was a non-significant change in BMI after one school year of positive changes in behaviours associated with obesity. Estimated mean BMI changed from 19·02 to 19·22 kg/m2 in the control group and from 19·08 to 19·32 kg/m2 in the intervention group (P value of change over time = 0·09). Subgroup analyses among those overweight or with obesity at baseline also did not show differences between intervention and control groups. The percentage of fat measured by bioimpedance indicated a small reduction in the control compared with intervention (P = 0·05). This large pooled analysis showed no effect on obesity measures, although promising results were observed about modifying behaviours associated with obesity.
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Nilsson A, Cano A, Bergens O, Kadi F. Randomized Controlled Trial for Promotion of Healthy Eating in Older Adults by Increasing Consumption of Plant-Based Foods: Effect on Inflammatory Biomarkers. Nutrients 2021; 13:3753. [PMID: 34836009 PMCID: PMC8623008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To what extent the intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) influences inflammatory status remains elusive, particularly in older populations. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of increased FV intake for 16 weeks on circulating biomarkers of inflammation in a population of older men and women. Sixty-six participants (65-70 years) randomly assigned to either FV or control (CON) groups were instructed to increase FV intake to five servings per day through nutritional counseling (FV) or to maintain habitual diet (CON). Dietary intake and physical activity level (PA) were determined using food frequency questionnaire and accelerometers, respectively, at the start and end of the intervention. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CX3CL1, or fractalkine) were analyzed. The FV group significantly increased daily FV intake (from 2.2 ± 1.3 to 4.2 ± 1.8 servings/day), with no change in CON. Waist circumference and PA level were unchanged by the intervention. Interaction effects (time × group, p < 0.05) for TRAIL, TRANCE, and CX3CL1 denoting a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in FV but not in CON were observed. No corresponding effects on CRP, IL6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, and β and IL-18 were observed. The present study demonstrates the influence of increased FV consumption on levels of some inflammatory biomarkers in a population of older adults. Future work is warranted to examine the clinical implications of FV-induced alterations in these inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nilsson
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (O.B.); (F.K.)
| | - Antonio Cano
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Bergens
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (O.B.); (F.K.)
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; (O.B.); (F.K.)
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Madlala HP, Steyn NP, Kalk E, Davies MA, Nyemba D, Malaba TR, Mehta U, Petro G, Boulle A, Myer L. Association between food intake and obesity in pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1504. [PMID: 34348683 PMCID: PMC8335890 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although global nutrition/dietary transition resulting from industrialisation and urbanisation has been identified as a major contributor to widespread trends of obesity, there is limited data in pregnant women, including those living with HIV in South Africa. We examined food-based dietary intake in pregnant women with and without HIV at first antenatal care (ANC) visit, and associations with maternal overweight/obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG). METHODS In an urban South African community, consecutive women living with (n = 479) and without (n = 510) HIV were enrolled and prospectively followed to delivery. Interviewer-administered non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake (starch, protein, dairy, fruits, vegetables, legumes, oils/fats) at enrolment. Associations with maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG were examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS Among women (median age 29 years, IQR 25-34), the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) at first ANC was 43% and that of excessive GWG (per IOM guidelines) was 37% overall; HIV prevalence was 48%. In women without HIV, consumption of potato (any preparation) (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02-3.84) and pumpkin/butternut (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.29-3.49) for 1-3 days a week increased the odds of overweight/obesity compared to not consuming any; milk in tea/coffee (aOR 6.04, 95% CI 1.37-26.50) increased the odds of excessive GWG. Consumption of eggs (any) (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32-0.86) for 1-3 days a week reduced the odds of overweight/obesity while peanut and nuts consumption for 4-7 days a week reduced the odds (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.80) of excessive GWG. In women with HIV, consumption of milk/yoghurt/maas to drink/on cereals (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.68), tomato (raw/cooked) (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.84), green beans (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.86), mixed vegetables (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29-0.84) and legumes e.g. baked beans, lentils (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.86) for 4-7 days a week reduced the odds of overweight/obesity; tomato (raw/cooked) (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.96) and mixed vegetables (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.78) also reduced the odds of excessive GWG. CONCLUSIONS Diet modification may promote healthy weight in pregnant women living with and without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlengiwe P Madlala
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Falmouth Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nelia P Steyn
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Emma Kalk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mary-Anne Davies
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Health Impact Assessment Unit, Western Cape Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dorothy Nyemba
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Falmouth Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thokozile R Malaba
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Falmouth Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ushma Mehta
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Gregory Petro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town and New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Andrew Boulle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Health Impact Assessment Unit, Western Cape Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Falmouth Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa
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Lopes ACS, Lopes MS, Duarte CK, de Freitas PP. Longitudinal effect of nutritional intervention on body weight: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2021; 93:111436. [PMID: 34479045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates, in the medium and long term (12, 36, and 48 mo), the effect of an intervention to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables on the body weight of Brazilian primary health care users. METHODS A follow-up with participants (n = 3414) in a controlled randomized trial was performed in a primary health care service. Those in the control group performed the service's usual intervention (guided physical exercise 3 times/wk), and those in the intervention group additionally participated for 7 mo in collective activities to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables. Sociodemographic, health, and body weight data were collected by face-to-face interview at baseline and after 12 mo. At 36 and 48 mo, weight was obtained by telephone interview and was validated. Adherence to the intervention was assessed by the presence of the actions. Weight change (Δ) was measured by subtracting the weight at each follow-up time from the baseline measurement. RESULTS Participants in both groups had a minor weight loss of about 0.1 kg over 12, 36, and 48 mo. The addition of an intervention for consumption of fruit and vegetables did not enhance this effect. Higher weight loss was observed in individuals with obesity classes II and III with low adherence in the intervention and after 36 mo (Δ = -27.1 kg; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Participating in the primary health care service contributed to a small reduction in weight, and the intervention for consumption of fruit and vegetables did not enhance this effect. However, greater weight loss was observed in participants with obesity and those who adhered to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions (GIN-UFMG), Santa Efigênia, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Souza Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions (GIN-UFMG), Santa Efigênia, Brazil
| | - Camila Kummel Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions (GIN-UFMG), Santa Efigênia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pinheiro de Freitas
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions (GIN-UFMG), Santa Efigênia, Brazil
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Dietary interventions and blood pressure in overweight or obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:1001-1012. [PMID: 35031150 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) beneficially impacts hypertension, yet researchers have not synthesized the effects of FVC interventions on blood pressure (BP) among overweight or obese individuals. Therefore, we aimed to examine if diets with increased FVC decrease BP in overweight and obese persons and explore effects of moderators, study methods, participants, intervention, and source characteristics. METHODS A thorough literature search was conducted in CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertation & Theses, Scopus, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Last search was conducted on February 28, 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials, an increased FVC intervention, and a body mass index (BMI) ≥25. Studies were independently coded and evaluated for bias using Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing study bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool was used to evaluate the body of evidence, which was found to be moderate. Data was analyzed using Stata 16SE Software. We used a random effects model, comparing mean differences. Moderator analysis was conducted using meta-regression for continuous variables and meta-analytic ANOVA analog for categorical variables. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot symmetry, Begg and Mazumdar's rank and correlation, Egger's test of the intercept, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill. RESULTS Ten studies met criteria, which included 6862 participants. Overall, effects of FVC interventions on systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 2.16 mmHg (p < 0.001) and -0.55 mmHg (p = 0.39) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Moderator analyses showed greater drops in SBP from samples recruited from the community and medical schools (vs. health care/programs), interventions that used the DASH diet, and measured intake with food diaries. When concealed allocation was used and fidelity checked, there were less decreases in SBP than when it was not used. The amount of FVC significantly moderated the effects of SBP and DBP with greater increased FVC leading to greater decreases in SBP and DBP. DISCUSSION Our findings are encouraging in that FVC improves blood pressure. However, outcomes are limited by the small number of studies that met inclusion criteria, significant heterogeneity, possible publication bias, and several studies had quality concerns. Tests for publication bias indicated none and most heterogeneity among studies was explained with moderator analysis our findings should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Increased FVC decreased SBP and DBP in obese and overweight individuals which may lower the risk of cardiovascular events. In the future, researchers might conduct higher quality studies and report quality indicators. Researchers might examine the effects of interventions for specific subgroups (overweight vs obese, younger vs older) and explore the impacts of diet-assisted technologies.
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LAWAL A, LOW K. Residual Determination of Multiple Pesticides in Vegetable Samples by LC-MS/MS Coupled with Modified QuEChERS-dSPE Ionic Liquid-Based DLLME Method. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.845578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Mitchell ES, Yang Q, Ho AS, Behr H, May CN, DeLuca L, Michaelides A. Self-Reported Nutritional Factors Are Associated with Weight Loss at 18 Months in a Self-Managed Commercial Program with Food Categorization System: Observational Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051733. [PMID: 34065277 PMCID: PMC8160976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about nutritional factors during weight loss on digital commercial weight loss programs. We examined how nutritional factors relate to weight loss for individuals after 4 and 18 months on a mobile commercial program with a food categorization system based on energy density (Noom). This is a two-part (retrospective and cross-sectional) cohort study. Two time points were used for analysis: 4 months and 18 months. For 4-month analyses, current Noom users who met inclusion criteria (n = 9880) were split into 5% or more body weight loss and stable weight loss (0 ± 1%) groups. Individuals who fell into one of these groups were analyzed at 4 months (n = 3261). For 18-month analyses, individuals from 4-month analyses who were still on Noom 18 months later were invited to take a one-time survey (n = 803). At 18 months 148 participants were analyzed. Noom has a system categorizing foods as low-, medium-, and high-energy-dense. Measures were self-reported proportions of low-, medium-, and high-energy-dense foods, and self-reported nutritional factors (fruit and vegetable intake, dietary quality, nutrition knowledge, and food choice). Nutritional factors were derived from validated survey measures, and food choice from a novel validated computerized task in which participants chose a food they would want to eat right now. ANOVAs compared participants with 5% or more body weight loss and participants with stable weight (0 ± 1%) at 4 months on energy density proportions. Analyses at 18 months compared nutritional factors across participants with >10% (high weight loss), 5–10% (moderate weight loss), and less than 5% body weight loss (low weight loss), and then assessed associations between nutritional factors and weight loss. Individuals with greater weight loss reported consuming higher proportions of low-energy-dense foods and lower proportions of high-energy-dense foods than individuals with less weight loss at 4 months and 18 months (all ps < 0.02). Individuals with greater weight loss had higher fruit and vegetable intake (p = 0.03), dietary quality (p = 0.02), nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), and healthier food choice (p = 0.003) at 18 months. Only nutrition knowledge and food choice were associated with weight loss at 18 months (B = −19.44, 95% CI: −33.19 to −5.69, p = 0.006; B = −5.49, 95% CI: −8.87 to −2.11, p = 0.002, respectively). Our results highlight the potential influence of nutrition knowledge and food choice in weight loss on a self-managed commercial program. We also found for the first time that in-the-moment inclination towards food even when just depicted is associated with long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Mitchell
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuchen Yang
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Annabell S. Ho
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Heather Behr
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Integrative Health, Saybrook University, 55 W Eureka Street, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
| | - Christine N. May
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura DeLuca
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andreas Michaelides
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
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Silva A, Jano P, Von Hausen N. Obesity under full fresh fruit and vegetable access conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249333. [PMID: 33882061 PMCID: PMC8059844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no agreement regarding the role of fresh fruit and vegetables' affordability, accessibility and availability, or access in general, on obesity rates. In this article we investigated whether access to fresh fruit and vegetables is related to better biometric indicators such as weight and body mass index. Using mediation and matching methods and assuming that farmers and traditional market sellers have easy access to fruit and vegetables, we found that having better access is not associated to a reduction in weight or body mass index. Potential explanations for this result are that better access was not associated with fresh fruit and vegetables' consumption and fruit and vegetables' consumption was not associated with weight and body mass index. Also, fresh fruit and vegetables' sellers had a higher weight and body mass index compared to the rest of the population but, a similar weight and body mass index compared to people with their same educational level. Therefore, variations on weight and body mass index were more associated with educational level rather than with access. Access may not be the single story to explain fruit and vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Silva
- Department of Economics, Government and Communication, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pilar Jano
- Business School and Center of Economics and Regional Policy (CEPR), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Nicolás Von Hausen
- Analysis Unit, Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo, Ministerio del Trabajo, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Obesity affects 2 of 5 Americans, and nearly 1 of 10 is considered severely obese, with the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality. A reduction in body weight of 2% to 5% can lead to improvements in cardiovascular health, with weight loss maintenance associated with the best health outcomes. Lifestyle interventions that focus on changes in diet and physical activity behaviors are best to maintain weight loss. This article provides a review of the treatment of adult obesity with a focus on dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gallo
- Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall room 209, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Peterson Hall, 4114, 1F7, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010170. [PMID: 33429889 PMCID: PMC7827032 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns, sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy dietary patterns in a representative group of Polish adults. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey under the National Health Program 2016-2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. It was found that higher health concerns decreased the chances of adhering to upper tertiles of "Fast food & alcohol" and "Refined food & sweetened beverages" dietary patterns (DPs), thus displaying less frequent consumption of such foods. No relationship was found between health concerns and adhering to the "Fat food" and "Butter" DPs. Nutrition concerns increased the likelihood of frequent consumption of foods from "Fast food & alcohol" DP. Women were less likely to adhere to unhealthy eating patterns than men, while older people were less likely to often consume fast food, alcohol, or refined food and sweetened beverages. Findings of this study showed that concerns about health or nutrition were differently associated with dietary patterns and consumption of unhealthy foods. These relationships should be considered when developing interventions to address health-related lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to identify cause-effect relationships between these variables.
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Clarke ED, Rollo ME, Collins CE, Wood L, Callister R, Schumacher T, Haslam RL. Changes in vegetable and fruit intakes and effects on anthropometric outcomes in males and females. Nutr Diet 2020; 78:192-201. [PMID: 32881281 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate associations between changes in vegetable and fruit (V&F) intakes and anthropometric indices (weight, BMI, % body fat, waist circumference), including differences by sex, during a dietary weight-loss intervention. METHODS Adults (18-45 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI 25-35 kg/m2 ) entered a 10-week pre-post study, receiving individualised consults with an Accredited Practising Dietitian targeting increased V&F intakes. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to examine how much of the changes in anthropometric indices were explained by changes in V&F intakes. Sex differences were assessed by Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS Of the 43 participants enrolled, 34 completed the study (53% female). Significant differences in energy intake and anthropometric indices were observed between males and females at baseline. After 10 weeks, females significantly reduced their weight (-2.9%, P < .01), BMI (-0.82 kg/m2 , P < .01), waist circumference (-1.70 cm, P < .01), energy intake (-824 kJ/day, P = .01) and improved diet quality (-14.0% energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, P < .01). Males significantly reduced weight (-2.5%, P = .04), BMI (-0.76 kg/m2 , P = .03), waist circumference (-2.40 cm, P = .02), energy intake (-2875 kJ/day, P < .01), increased fruit intake (+0.89 serves/day, P = .02) and improved diet quality (-6% energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, P < .01). Compared to the other sex, greater reductions were observed in energy intake in males and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods in females. Linear mixed models identified that changes in V&F intakes did not explain the variation in anthropometric measures. CONCLUSION Future interventions may benefit from trialling sex tailored messages to enhance effects on anthropometric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy Schumacher
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Pandemic obesity is a major public health problem because of its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality, which can be improved/delayed with weight loss. Thus, several scientific societies and governments have launched guidelines to reduce body weight and adiposity or, at least, to avoid weight gain. In spite of the abundant literature on the topic, there is still controversy on the relative roles of fat and carbohydrate in the diet on weight gain. Present recommendations to avoid weight gain and obesity are directed to reduce intake of total energy variably and of total fat to <30% of energy, in spite on the lack of evidence of protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. By contrast, both high and low carbohydrate diets are associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in prospective studies, with a safe intake level at ≈50% of energy. Many popular diets with widely different macronutrient composition, including the Mediterranean diet, have been used in obesity; when energy-restricted, all result in similar modest weight loss at 6 months, but the effects are largely lost at 12 months. The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based, high-fat, high-unsaturated fat dietary pattern that has been consistently associated with lower rates on non-communicable diseases and total mortality in prospective studies and with reduced CVD in the PREDIMED trial. For this merits above other diets, this dietary pattern might also be used advantageously for weight loss. The results of the PREDIMED and PREDIMED-Plus randomized controlled trials on adiposity variables in high-risk populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Invetigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Sacheck JM, Chui K, Goldberg JP, Bailey C, Evans EW. Processed food consumption is associated with diet quality, but not weight status, in a sample of low-income and ethnically diverse elementary school children. Appetite 2020; 151:104696. [PMID: 32251765 PMCID: PMC7528044 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Excess consumption of highly processed foods may be associated with lower diet quality and obesity prevalence, but few studies have examined these relationships in children from low-income households. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between food consumption by processing category, diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of low-income children. Data from a study assessing the impact of Summer Food Service participation on diet quality and weight status (N = 131) was used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of children aged six to twelve years from low-income communities in the Northeastern U.S. Total HEI-2015 score and percentage of calories consumed by processing level were computed per day from three 24-h diet recalls. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship between percentage of calories from foods by processing category (unprocessed and minimally, basic, moderately and highly processed), HEI-2015 and BMI-z score. The final sample was 58% male and 33.8% obese. On average, children consumed 39.8 ± 17.2% of calories from highly processed foods. A 10% increase in calories consumed from highly processed foods was associated with a 2.0 point decrease in total HEI-2015 score [95% CI (-2.7, -1.2)], and a 10% increase in calories from minimally processed foods was associated with a 3.0 increase in HEI-2015 score [95% CI (2.1, 3.8)]. Relationships between processing level and BMI-z score were not significant. Among this sample of low-income children, greater intake of highly processed foods was associated with lower dietary quality, but not weight status. Future research should explore prospective associations between food consumption by processing category and weight status in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bleiweiss-Sande
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy at Tufts University, Department of Nutrition Interventions, Communication & Behavior Change, United States.
| | - Jennifer M Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute of Public Health, The George Washington University, United States
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Tufts University, Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, United States
| | - Jeanne P Goldberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy at Tufts University, Department of Nutrition Interventions, Communication & Behavior Change, United States
| | - Caitlin Bailey
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy at Tufts University, Department of Nutrition Interventions, Communication & Behavior Change, United States
| | - E Whitney Evans
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown University Alpert Medical School, United States
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35
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Dreher ML, Ford NA. A Comprehensive Critical Assessment of Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Weight Loss in Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071919. [PMID: 32610460 PMCID: PMC7399879 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
No previous reviews or meta-analyses have specifically assessed the effects of increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake on weight loss with a primary focus on women. Several studies show differences between men and women in how increased FV intake affects their weight loss and maintenance, risk of becoming overweight or obese, and the influence of eating speed and frequency on weight control. This analysis provides a comprehensive and visual assessment of the effects of increasing FV intake and long-term weight change from observational studies and weight loss from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in women. Consistent evidence from prospective studies and RCTs shows that increased intake of FV is a chief contributor to weight loss in women. This effect is enhanced with concurrent dietary restriction of high energy density (ED) or high-fat foods. Yet, the type of FV differentially impacts weight loss in women. Whole FV intake may influence weight through a variety of mechanisms including a reduction in eating rate, providing a satisfying, very-low to low energy density, low glycemic load or low-fat content. Also, FV are the primary source of dietary fiber, which can provide additional support for weight loss in women when consumed at adequate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, 900 S Rainbow Ranch Rd, Wimberley, TX 78676, USA;
| | - Nikki A. Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-341-3250
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36
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Kalmpourtzidou A, Eilander A, Talsma EF. Global Vegetable Intake and Supply Compared to Recommendations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1558. [PMID: 32471188 PMCID: PMC7352906 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vegetable intake is associated with higher incidence of noncommunicable diseases. Data on global vegetable intake excluding legumes and potatoes is currently lacking. A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted to assess vegetable consumption and supply in adult populations and to compare these data to the existing recommendations (≥240 g/day according to World Health Organization). For vegetable intake data online, websites of government institutions and health authorities, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) and Pubmed/Medline databases were searched from March 2018 to June 2019. Vegetable supply data was extracted from Food Balance Sheets, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), 2013. Vegetable intake was expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals. Data were summarized for each region by calculating weighted means. Vegetable intake and supply data were available for 162 and 136 countries, respectively. Weighted mean vegetable intake was 186 g/day (56-349 g/day). Weighted mean vegetable supply was 431 g/day (71-882 g/day). For 88% of the countries vegetable intake was below the recommendations. Public health campaigns are required to encourage vegetable consumption worldwide. In the 61% of the countries where vegetable supply is currently insufficient to meet the recommendations, innovative food system approaches to improve yields and decrease post-harvest losses are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands;
| | - Ans Eilander
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708 WH Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands;
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands;
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37
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Associations between changes in fruit and vegetable consumption and weight change in Japanese adults. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:217-227. [PMID: 32253544 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruits and vegetables may induce greater satiety, reduce hunger, decrease energy intake, and modulate energy metabolism, thereby playing a role in weight loss. OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between changes in fruit and vegetable consumption and weight change over a 5-year interval in Japanese adults. METHODS This cohort study included 54,015 subjects (54.6% female, mean age 56.5 years) of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study who had no known history of major chronic diseases at baseline. Data on fruit and vegetable consumption were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body weight was self-reported. We used multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models to examine the associations between changes in fruit and vegetable consumption and change in body weight. RESULTS On average, body weight decreased by 25 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 3, 47] for every 100 g/d increase in total vegetable consumption. Change in fruit consumption was nonlinearly associated with weight change. Fruit consumption was directly associated with weight change among subjects who increased consumption (70 g; 95% CI, 39, 101) but was not associated with weight change among subjects who reduced or did not change fruit consumption. These associations did not vary by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline. The association with vegetables was restricted to yellow/red vegetables (- 74 g; 95% CI, - 129, - 18) and allium vegetables (- 129 g; 95% CI, - 231, - 28). Lower-fiber vegetables were inversely associated with weight change, whereas lower-fiber fruits or higher-energy fruits were directly associated with weight change beyond 0 g/d change in consumption. CONCLUSIONS Change in vegetable consumption was inversely associated with weight change while fruit consumption was positively associated with weight change among subjects who increased consumption. The influence of fruits and vegetables on weight change may depend on the characteristics of the fruits and vegetables.
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38
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Jezewska-Zychowicz M, Gębski J, Plichta M, Guzek D, Kosicka-Gębska M. Diet-Related Factors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Polish Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102532. [PMID: 31640114 PMCID: PMC6835331 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious problem for both the individual and society due to its health and economic consequences. Therefore, there is a need to focus on factors which explain this phenomenon and may be useful in preventing future occurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle factors coexisting with increased body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Polish adults, including factors related to diet (dietary patterns-DPs; dietary restrictions; number of meals; frequency of snacking, eating out, and ordering home delivery meals), physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was carried out in 2016 amongst 972 Polish adults under the Life Style Study (LSS). To determine the factorscoexisting with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, the logistic regression model was developed. Women were less likely to be overweight or obese compared to men. The likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 increased with age by 4% in each subsequent year of life. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, adhering to restrictions in quantity of food consumed and at least moderate physical activity during leisure time decreased the likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. More frequent consumption of meat and eating five or more meals a day increased the likelihood of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Diet-related factors explained the developed model better than factors related to physical activity, however, age and gender were the factors most strongly correlated with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Therefore, development of strategies to prevent and reduce overweight and obesity should focus on the demographic characteristics of the population, and then on teaching behaviors conducive for reducing the amount of food consumed, especially meat. However, physical activity in leisure time should also be included in the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Gębski
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Plichta
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kosicka-Gębska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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39
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Eisner A, Ramachandran P, Cabalbag C, Metti D, Shamloufard P, Kern M, Hong MY, Hooshmand S. Effects of Dried Apple Consumption on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Profile, Glucose Regulation, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Children. J Med Food 2019; 23:242-249. [PMID: 31584311 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fruits reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease; however, very few studies have investigated the effect of fruit consumption in overweight and obese children. We examined whether consuming dried apple as a snack is a practical solution for weight loss and improves body composition and metabolic markers. Thirty-eight overweight or obese children aged 10 to 16 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups consuming twice daily 120 kcal serving per day of either dried apple or a control snack (muffin) for 8 weeks. Body weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition were determined during an initial visit and after 8 weeks of intervention. Blood samples were collected to measure serum concentrations of blood lipids, glucose, insulin, proinsulin, total adiponectin, and C-reactive protein, as well as total antioxidant capacity and activity of glutathione peroxidase. Body weight increased in the muffin group (P = .01). BodPod and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that fat-free mass increased (P < .05) only in the muffin group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased (P = .04) after the 8-week treatment within the apple group. Overall, minor differences were detected in growing children who consumed snacks of either dried apples or muffins with similar macronutrient profiles for 8 weeks. Future research should evaluate the effects of consuming fresh apples that include the peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Eisner
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pavithra Ramachandran
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Conralyn Cabalbag
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dina Metti
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pouneh Shamloufard
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, Ortega FB, Alpert MA, Kushner RF. Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:1506-1531. [PMID: 30236314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic levels in the United States and worldwide, and this has contributed to substantial cardiovascular and other health risks. However, controversy exists concerning the causes of obesity and effective modalities for its prevention and treatment. There is also controversy related to the concept of metabolically healthy obesity phenotype, the "obesity paradox," and on the importance of fitness to protect individuals who are overweight or obese from cardiovascular diseases. In this state-of-the-art review, the authors focus on "healthy weight" with the emphasis on the pathophysiologic effects of weight gain on the cardiovascular system; mechanistic/triggering factors; and the role of preventive actions through personal, education/environment, and societal/authoritative factors, as well as factors to provide guidance for caregivers of health promotion. Additionally, the authors briefly review metabolically healthy obesity, the obesity paradox, and issues beyond lifestyle consideration for weight loss with medications and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin A Alpert
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert F Kushner
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Wang T, Heianza Y, Sun D, Zheng Y, Huang T, Ma W, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, Qi L. Improving fruit and vegetable intake attenuates the genetic association with long-term weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:759-768. [PMID: 31301130 PMCID: PMC6736184 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether changes in fruit and vegetable intake can modify the effect of genetic susceptibility to obesity on long-term changes in BMI and body weight are uncertain. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the interactions of changes in total and specific fruit and vegetable intake with genetic susceptibility to obesity in relation to changes in BMI and body weight. METHODS We calculated a genetic risk score on the basis of 77 BMI-associated loci to determine the genetic susceptibility to obesity, and examined the interactions of changes in total and specific fruit and vegetable intake with the genetic risk score on changes in BMI and body weight within five 4-y intervals over 20 y of follow-up in 8943 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 5308 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). RESULTS In the combined cohorts, repeated 4-y BMI change per 10-risk allele increment was 0.09 kg/m2 among participants with the greatest decrease in total fruit and vegetable intake and -0.02 among those with the greatest increase in intake (P-interaction <0.001; corresponding weight change: 0.20 kg compared with -0.06 kg). The magnitude of decrease in BMI associated with increasing fruit and vegetable intake was more prominent among participants with high genetic risk than those with low risk. Reproducible interactions were observed for fruits and vegetables separately (both P-interaction <0.001). Based on similar nutritional content, the interaction effect was greatest for berries, citrus fruits, and green leafy vegetables, and the interaction pattern persisted regardless of the different fiber content or glycemic load of fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Genetically associated increased BMI and body weight could be mitigated by increasing fruit and vegetable intake, and the beneficial effect of improving fruit and vegetable intake on weight management was more pronounced in individuals with greater genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commision of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Address correspondence to TW (e-mail: )
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to LQ (e-mail: )
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42
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Sherwood NE, Levy RL, Seburg EM, Crain AL, Langer SL, JaKa MM, Kunin‐Batson A, Jeffery RW. The Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids 5-10 Obesity Prevention Trial: 12 and 24-month outcomes. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12523. [PMID: 30873752 PMCID: PMC8853652 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric primary care is an important setting for addressing obesity prevention. OBJECTIVE The Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids 5-10 randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of an obesity prevention intervention integrating pediatric primary care provider counseling and parent-targeted phone coaching. METHODS Children aged 5 to 10 years with a BMI between the 70th and 95th percentile and their parents were recruited from pediatric primary care clinics. Participants received well-child visit provider counseling about obesity and safety/injury prevention and were then randomized to a 14-session phone-based obesity prevention (OP; n = 212) or safety and injury prevention contact control (CC; n = 209) intervention. The primary outcome was 12 and 24-month child BMI percentile. RESULTS There was no overall significant treatment effect on child BMI percentile. Caloric intake was significantly lower among OP compared with CC participants at 12 months (P < .005). In planned subgroup analyses, OP condition girls had significantly lower BMI percentile (P < .05) and BMI z-score (P < .02) at 12 and 24 months relative to CC girls and were less likely to be overweight (38.0% vs 53.0%, P < .01) or (obese 3.4% vs 8.8%, P < .10) at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An obesity prevention intervention integrating brief provider counseling and parent-targeted phone counseling did not impact 12 and 24-month BMI status overall but did have a significant impact on BMI in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rona L. Levy
- UW School of Social Work (SSW), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Shelby L. Langer
- UW School of Social Work (SSW), Seattle, WA, USA,Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Meghan M. JaKa
- DC Department of Behavioral Health, Applied Research and Evaluation, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Jeffery
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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43
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Wallace TC, Bailey RL, Blumberg JB, Burton-Freeman B, Chen CYO, Crowe-White KM, Drewnowski A, Hooshmand S, Johnson E, Lewis R, Murray R, Shapses SA, Wang DD. Fruits, vegetables, and health: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2174-2211. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
| | - C-y. Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Lewis
- Bone and Body Composition Laboratory, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Murray
- College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Arnotti K, Bamber M. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Overweight or Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis. West J Nurs Res 2019; 42:306-314. [PMID: 31256714 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919858699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have shown that fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) promotes weight loss and prevents weight gain, thereby reducing risks for chronic health conditions. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the overall effects of FVC interventions on weight loss for those with body-mass index (BMI) >25; we follow-up with moderator analyses to determine if effects varied based on participants, interventions, methods, or source characteristics. Extensive literature searches were conducted, resulting in 16 studies and providing 17 comparisons, across 3,719 participants. The overall summary effect was large (-2.81kg; p<.001). Several moderators were significant for increased weight loss: low socio-economic status (-4.99kg; p<.001), higher baseline BMI (slope=-0.29; p=.047), longer interventions (slope=0.012; p<.001), and recruitment setting [health care/programs (-3.7kg; p<.001); work/academic settings (-5.2kg: p<.001)]. Future researchers should investigate varying intervention lengths and examine specific needs of subgroups-higher versus lower socio-economic status, and overweight versus obese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy Bamber
- Associate Professor, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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The Effect of an Intervention to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Skin Carotenoid Scores. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Modelling the Association between Core and Discretionary Energy Intake in Adults with and without Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030683. [PMID: 30909439 PMCID: PMC6471653 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many dietary recommendations for weight control rely on the assumption that greater core food intake will displace intake of energy-dense discretionary foods and beverages. However, there is little evidence to support these assumptions. This study examined the naturalistic relationship between daily core and discretionary energy intake, and with discretionary food and discretionary beverage intake, separately. The impact of weight status on these associations was also examined. METHOD One hundred participants completed a four-day (non-consecutive) estimated food diary. Discretionary foods and beverages were identified by reference to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Non-discretionary items were considered core items. Simultaneous-equation random effects models using disaggregated dietary data controlling for sociodemographic variables were used to determine the association between various dietary components. RESULT Core energy intake correlated negatively with discretionary energy intake (cross-equation correlation, ρ = -0.49 (95% CI: -0.57, -0.39)). Its correlation with discretionary foods (-0.47 (-0.56, -0.37)) was stronger than that with discretionary beverages (-0.19 (-0.30, -0.07)) The correlation between core energy intake and discretionary energy intake was significantly stronger in participants who did not have obesity (-0.67 (-0.71, -0.50)) than those with obesity (-0.32 (-0.46, -0.17)) (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Core and discretionary energy intake share an inverse and potentially bidirectional, relationship that appears to be stronger with discretionary foods than discretionary beverages. These relationships were significantly weaker in participants with obesity which may indicate less precise dietary compensation in these individuals. While strategies that promote greater intake of core foods may assist with weight maintenance in individuals of healthy weight, its impact in individuals with obesity may be limited. These strategies should be accompanied by direct messages to reduce commensurately the intake of discretionary items, with special attention paid to discretionary beverage consumption.
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Schlesinger S, Neuenschwander M, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Bechthold A, Boeing H, Schwingshackl L. Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:205-218. [PMID: 30801613 PMCID: PMC6416048 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis summarizes the evidence of a prospective association between the intake of foods [whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] and risk of general overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and weight gain. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for prospective observational studies until August 2018. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated from 43 reports for the highest compared with the lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and nonlinear relations focusing on each outcome separately: overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and weight gain. The quality of evidence was evaluated with use of the NutriGrade tool. In the dose-response meta-analysis, inverse associations were found for whole-grain (RRoverweight/obesity: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), fruit (RRoverweight/obesity: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00; RRweight gain: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), nut (RRabdominal obesity: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.57), legume (RRoverweight/obesity: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93), and fish (RRabdominal obesity: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.97) consumption and positive associations were found for refined grains (RRoverweight/obesity: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10), red meat (RRabdominal obesity: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16; RRweight gain: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26), and SSBs (RRoverweight/obesity: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11; RRabdominal obesity: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20). The dose-response meta-analytical findings provided very low to low quality of evidence that certain food groups have an impact on different measurements of adiposity risk. To improve the quality of evidence, better-designed observational studies, inclusion of intervention trials, and use of novel statistical methods (e.g., substitution analyses or network meta-analyses) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ) at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ) at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany,Address correspondence to LS (e-mail: )
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48
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Yannakoulia M, Poulimeneas D, Mamalaki E, Anastasiou CA. Dietary modifications for weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Metabolism 2019; 92:153-162. [PMID: 30625301 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide obesity rates remain at a rise, and to treat obesity is at the top of the global public health agenda. In 2013, the AHA/ACC/TOS obesity management guidelines were published, in essence suggesting that any dietary scheme seems to be effective for weight loss, as long as it can induce a sustainable energy deficit. In the present review, we update and critically discuss available information regarding dietary modifications for weight loss and weight loss maintenance, published after the 2013 guidelines. Regarding weight loss, we found no proof to support that a single dietary scheme, be it nutrient-, food group- or dietary pattern- based, is more efficacious of the other for achieving weight loss. For weight loss maintenance, published interventions point towards the same direction, although inconclusively. Most research explores the effect of weight loss regimes on weight loss maintenance and not the effect of the diet during weight loss maintenance, and this literature gap should be more thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Eirini Mamalaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Costas A Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
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Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, Ortega FB, Alpert MA, Kushner RF. Reprint of: Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:3027-3052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Dreher ML. Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1833. [PMID: 30487459 PMCID: PMC6315720 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than 10% of most Western populations consume adequate levels of whole fruits and dietary fiber with typical intake being about half of the recommended levels. Evidence of the beneficial health effects of consuming adequate levels of whole fruits has been steadily growing, especially regarding their bioactive fiber prebiotic effects and role in improved weight control, wellness and healthy aging. The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine the increasing number of health benefits which are associated with the adequate intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber, throughout the human lifecycle. These potential health benefits include: protecting colonic gastrointestinal health (e.g., constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diverticular disease); promoting long-term weight management; reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; defending against colorectal and lung cancers; improving odds of successful aging; reducing the severity of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; enhancing psychological well-being and lowering the risk of depression; contributing to higher bone mineral density in children and adults; reducing risk of seborrheic dermatitis; and helping to attenuate autism spectrum disorder severity. Low whole fruit intake represents a potentially more serious global population health threat than previously recognized, especially in light of the emerging research on whole fruit and fruit fiber health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, Wimberley, 78676 TX, USA.
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