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Gitsi E, Livadas S, Argyrakopoulou G. Nutritional and exercise interventions to improve conception in women suffering from obesity and distinct nosological entities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1426542. [PMID: 39006367 PMCID: PMC11239444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1426542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility among women, particularly those living with obesity, presents a multifaceted challenge with implications for reproductive health worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, mainly focusing on weight loss, have emerged as promising strategies to improve fertility outcomes in this population. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of various lifestyle interventions, encompassing dietary modifications and exercise regimens, in enhancing fertility outcomes among women with obesity and associated conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, premenopause, hypothyroidism and eating disorders. Methodology of study search encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from interventions targeting weight management through slow or rapid weight loss to dietary approaches emphasizing whole food groups, specific nutrients, and dietary patterns like low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets, as well as the Mediterranean diet. By synthesizing existing findings and recommendations, this review contributes to the understanding of lifestyle interventions in addressing infertility, with an emphasis on the population of women of reproductive age with excess weight and known or unknown infertility issues, while promoting their integration into clinical practice to optimize reproductive health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Gitsi
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
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2
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He J, Zheng J, Huang Y, Li S, Hua L, Jiang X, Che L, Fang Z, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Wu D. Benefits of maternal pectin supplementation in gestation diet on vaginal microbiota of sows and intestinal health of newborn piglets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392399. [PMID: 38895713 PMCID: PMC11183816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a proven prebiotic and widely used in human health products. This study aims to assess the impact of dietary pectin supplementation during gestation on sow vaginal microbiota and the offspring's intestinal composition. Thirty sows were randomly allocated to two groups and fed a standard diet (CON) or a standard diet supplemented with 3 g/kg pectin (PEC). Blood, feces, and vaginal swab samples from the sows and blood, intestines issue, and colonic content samples from the offspring were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the relative abundance of vaginal Lactobacillus was notably enhanced in the PEC group and fecal β-glucuronidase (β-G) activity and plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration were also significantly increased in the PEC group. Newborn piglets were found to host different microbial communities as well. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria dominated in the CON group, and Firmicutes was predominant in the PEC group. Newborn piglets in the PEC group had a lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in their plasma. The expression of intestinal cytokines of offspring was improved as well. Villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) in the PEC group were extremely higher than those in the CON group. In conclusion, dietary pectin supplementation can be of benefit to both sows and newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Shanmugam D, Espinosa M, Gassen J, van Lamsweerde A, Pearson JT, Benhar E, Hill S. A multi-site study of the relationship between photoperiod and ovulation rate using Natural Cycles data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8379. [PMID: 37225722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species exhibit seasonal patterns of breeding. Although humans can shield themselves from many season-related stressors, they appear to exhibit seasonal patterns of investment in reproductive function nonetheless, with levels of sex steroid hormones being highest during the spring and summer months. The current research builds on this work, examining the relationship between day length and ovarian function in two large samples of women using data from the Natural Cycles birth control application in each Sweden and the United States. We hypothesized that longer days would predict higher ovulation rates and sexual motivation. Results revealed that increasing day length duration predicts increased ovulation rate and sexual behavior, even while controlling for other relevant factors. Results suggest that day length may contribute to observed variance in women's ovarian function and sexual desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shanmugam
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Matthew Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S. University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gassen
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, 1214 S. 4Th St., Waco, TX, 76706, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S. University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
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4
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Gavina BLA, de Los Reyes V AA, Olufsen MS, Lenhart S, Ottesen JT. Toward an optimal contraception dosing strategy. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010073. [PMID: 37053167 PMCID: PMC10101497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anovulation refers to a menstrual cycle characterized by the absence of ovulation. Exogenous hormones such as synthetic progesterone and estrogen have been used to attain this state to achieve contraception. However, large doses are associated with adverse effects such as increased risk for thrombosis and myocardial infarction. This study utilizes optimal control theory on a modified menstrual cycle model to determine the minimum total exogenous estrogen/progesterone dose, and timing of administration to induce anovulation. The mathematical model correctly predicts the mean daily levels of pituitary hormones LH and FSH, and ovarian hormones E2, P4, and Inh throughout a normal menstrual cycle and reflects the reduction in these hormone levels caused by exogenous estrogen and/or progesterone. Results show that it is possible to reduce the total dose by 92% in estrogen monotherapy, 43% in progesterone monotherapy, and that it is most effective to deliver the estrogen contraceptive in the mid follicular phase. Finally, we show that by combining estrogen and progesterone the dose can be lowered even more. These results may give clinicians insights into optimal formulations and schedule of therapy that can suppress ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lyn A Gavina
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific, Bataan, Philippines
| | - Aurelio A de Los Reyes V
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mette S Olufsen
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Lenhart
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Johnny T Ottesen
- Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Center for Mathematical Modeling-Human Health and Diseases, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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5
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Helmy NA, Kamel DM, Gabr AA, Shehata MMA. Do dietary habits affect the premenstrual syndrome severity among a cohort of Egyptian females? A cross-sectional study. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-023-00122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is considered a common recurring emotional as well as physical disorder which has an effect on the women’s quality of life. Results of previous studies about the relationship between PMS and food intake are contradicted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the PMS and food consumption in menstrual females. The study was carried out in the Outpatient Physiotherapy Department Clinic in Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. The study was carried out from October 2021 to March 2022. One-hundred participants that were having PMS enrolled into this study (n = 100) with a mean age of 27.1 ± 4.98 and a mean BMI of 26.4 ± 4.5. The PMS scale was used to assess the degree of PMS, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied to evaluate the food consumption.
Results
A total of 16% of females had mild PMS, 60% had moderate, and 24% had severe PMS. There was a significant relationship between PMS severity and specific food consumption as consumption of tubers as well as fish and seafood (p = 0.03 & p = 0.008, respectively). There was a significant inverse correlation between PMS severity and the fish and seafood consumption, while there was no significant correlation between the PMS severity and tuber consumption. However, there was no significant relationship between PMS and grains, dairy products, caffeine intake, fat intake, sweets, vegetables, fruits, seasonings, and pickles.
Conclusion
The present study suggested that severity of PMS might be affected by specific dietary habits. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between PMS and amount of food consumption.
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6
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The Influence of Metabolic Factors and Diet on Fertility. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051180. [PMID: 36904180 PMCID: PMC10005661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a disease globally affecting 20-30% of the reproductive age female population. However, in up to 50% on recorded cases, problems with infertility are ascribed to men; therefore, it is important to popularize healthy eating also in this group. During the last decade, it has been observed that society's lifestyle changed drastically: reduced energy expenditure in physical activity per day, increased consumption of hypercaloric and high-glycemic-index foods with high content of trans fats, and reduced consumption of dietary fiber, which negatively affects fertility. Increasing evidence points to a link between diet and fertility. It is becoming clear that well-planned nutrition can also contribute to the effectiveness of ART. The low-GI plant-based diet appears to have a positive effect, especially when it is based on Mediterranean dietary patterns: rich in antioxidants, vegetable protein, fiber, MUFA fatty acids, omega-3, vitamins, and minerals. Importantly, this diet has been shown to protect against chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, which also translates into pregnancy success. As lifestyle and nutrition seem to be important factors affecting fertility, it is worth expanding knowledge in this regard among couples trying to conceive a child.
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7
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Deepak Kumar K, Huntriss R, Green E, Bora S, Pettitt C. Development of a nutrition screening tool to identify need for dietetic intervention in female infertility. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:154-168. [PMID: 35762584 PMCID: PMC10087620 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in seven couples are impacted by infertility in the UK, and female infertility is often associated with several health conditions impacted by nutrition. Despite many studies aimed at identifying the critical role of nutrition in infertility, there is currently no screening tool that identifies nutritional risk factors for infertility. AIM To propose a self-administered screening tool to identify women who would benefit from nutritional intervention to promote fertility. METHODS A narrative review was carried out to identify and summarise modifiable nutritional risk factors that can influence female fertility, including comorbidities that can influence nutrition intake, absorption, and metabolism. KEY FINDINGS A nutrition screening tool outlining modifiable nutrition risk factors potentially improving female fertility has been proposed, comprising of BMI, medical history and quality of diet and lifestyle which would aid in designing evidence based dietetic services for female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claire Pettitt
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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8
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Thieleking R, Schneidewind L, Kanyamibwa A, Hartmann H, Horstmann A, Witte AV, Medawar E. Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ - from food intake to nutrient intake. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 36639712 PMCID: PMC9837986 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While necessary for studying dietary decision-making or public health, estimates of nutrient supply based on self-reported food intake are barely accessible or fully lacking and remain a challenge in human research. In particular, detailed information on dietary fiber is limited. In this study we introduce an automated openly available approach to assess self-reported nutrient intake for research purposes for a popular, validated German food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). METHODS To this end, we i) developed and shared a code for assessing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, fiber, etc.) for 53 items of the quantitative, validated German DEGS1-FFQ questionnaire implementing expert-guided nutritional values of diverse sources with several raters. In a sample of individuals (nGUT-BRAIN = 61 (21 female) overweight, omnivorous), we ii) cross-validated nutrient intake of the last 7 days and the last 24 h and iii) computed test-retest reliability across two timepoints. Further, iv) we reported newly computed nutrient intake for two independent cross-sectional cohorts with continuous weight status and different dietary habits (nMensa = 134 (79 female, 1 diverse), nGREADT = 76 male). Exploratively, we v) correlated computed, energy-adjusted nutrient intake with anthropometric markers and HbA1c and vi) used linear mixed models to analyse the predictability of BMI and WHR by nutrient intake. RESULTS In overweight adults (n = 61 (21 female), mean age 28.2 ± 6.5 years, BMI 27.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2) nutrient intakes were mostly within recommended reference nutrient ranges for both last 7 days and last 24 h. Recommended fiber intake was not reached and sugar intake was surpassed. Calculated energy intake was significantly higher from last 24 h than from last 7 days but energy-adjusted nutrient intakes did not differ between those timeframes. Reliability of nutrient values between last 7 days and 24 h per visit was moderate (Pearson's rhoall ≥ 0.33, rhomax = 0.62) and absolute agreement across two timepoints was low to high for 7 days (Pearson's rhomin = 0.12, rhomax = 0.64,) and low to moderate for 24 h (Pearson's rhomin = 0.11, rhomax = 0.45). Associations of dietary components to anthropometric markers showed distinct sex differences, with overall higher intake by males compared to females and only females presenting a negative association of BMI with fiber intake. Lastly, in the overweight sample (but not when extending the analysis to a wider BMI range of 18.6-36.4 kg/m2), we could confirm that higher BMI was predicted by lower energy-adjusted fiber intake and higher energy-adjusted fat intake (when adjusting for age, sex and physical activity) while higher WHR was predicted by higher energy intake. CONCLUSION We provide an openly available tool to systematically assess nutrient intake, including fiber, based on self-report by a common German FFQ. The computed nutrient scores resembled overall plausible and reliable measures of nutrient intake given the known limitations of FFQs regarding over- or underreporting and suggest valid comparability when adjusting for energy intake. Our open code nutrient scoring can help to examine dietary intake in experimental studies, including dietary fiber, and can be readily adapted to other FFQs. Further validation of computed nutrients with biomarkers and nutrient-specific metabolites in serum, urine or feces will help to interpret self-reported dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Thieleking
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lennard Schneidewind
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arsene Kanyamibwa
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hendrik Hartmann
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Horstmann
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Khalangot MD, Gurianov VG, Zakharchenko TF, Pysarenko YM, Kravchenko VI. Metabolic and Anthropometric Parameters of Persons at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Before and After 3 Months of Consuming Insoluble Dietary Fiber. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221125181. [PMID: 36172505 PMCID: PMC9510971 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221125181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have shown that insoluble fiber (IF) can be effective
in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of experimental
data on the effect of short-term consumption of IF on metabolic parameters.
We tried to investigate whether there was an improvement in glycemia and
body composition in individuals at risk for T2D after 3 months of IF
consumption. Methods: This “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Ukraine (T2DPUA)” study describes
participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as determined by ADA
criteria. The study involved 30 people, including 21 women (70%). Daily,
15 g of IF derived from wheat was used. T2DPUA did not have a placebo group
and the intervention lasted 3 months. Evaluation of fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) and 2h plasma glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total
cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, uric acid, and γ-glutamyl
transferase was performed. The baseline and 3-monthly anthropometric
examinations included measurements of weight, waist and hip circumference.
Fat mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Paired samples
t-test or Wilcoxon test were used. Result: A decrease of FPG (P = .042), HbA1c
(P < .001), 2hPG (P = .005), weight
(P < .001), body mass index
(P < .001), the proportion of body fat
(P = .006), and the absolute amount of fat
(P < .001), increases in systolic
(P < .001) and diastolic (P = .008)
blood pressure was shown. The number of people with hypertension did not
change. The absolute amount of body fat decreased by almost 5% and tolerance
to the standard glucose load improved by 15%. The dynamics of other
metabolic parameters were not revealed. Conclusion and Recommendation: Data about improvement of glycemia and body composition over a short period
of using IF by individuals with IFG are new and deserve larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola D Khalangot
- Endocrinology Department, Shupyk National Healthcare University, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Epidemiology Department, Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaly G Gurianov
- Medical and Biological Physics and Informatics Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tamara F Zakharchenko
- Epidemiology Department, Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Victor I Kravchenko
- Epidemiology Department, Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Kohil A, Chouliaras S, Alabduljabbar S, Lakshmanan AP, Ahmed SH, Awwad J, Terranegra A. Female infertility and diet, is there a role for a personalized nutritional approach in assisted reproductive technologies? A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927972. [PMID: 35938101 PMCID: PMC9353397 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is a major public health concern and a global challenge. It is a disorder of the reproductive system, defined as the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy. Nutrition and other environmental factors are found to impact reproductive health in women as well as the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Dietary factors, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fiber as well as the intake of Mediterranean diet appear to exert beneficial effects on female reproductive outcomes. The exact mechanisms associating diet to female fertility are yet to be identified, although genomic, epigenomic, and microbial pathways may be implicated. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of dietary components on female reproduction and ART outcomes, and to discuss the relevant interplay of diet with genome, epigenome and microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kohil
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Johnny Awwad
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Annalisa Terranegra
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Annalisa Terranegra
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11
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Bigman G, Adebamowo SN, Yawe KDT, Yilkudi M, Olaomi O, Badejo O, Famooto A, Ezeome E, Salu IK, Miner E, Anosike I, Achusi B, Adebamowo C. A matched case-control study of bean intake and breast cancer risk in urbanized Nigerian women. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:959-969. [PMID: 35511324 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bean intake has been associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, however; only a few studies considered molecular subtypes status and none in African women living in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dietary intake of beans and breast cancer including its subtypes in Nigerian women. METHODS Overall, 472 newly diagnosed patients with primary invasive breast cancer were age-matched (± 5 years) with 472 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer (NIBBLE) Study from 01/2014 to 07/2016. We collected the dietary intake of beans using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Beans_alone intake was categorized into three levels never (never in the past year), low (≤ 1 portion/week), and high intake (> 1 portion/week). We used conditional and unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of beans_alone intake and the risk of breast cancer and by its molecular subtypes, respectively. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of cases was 44.4(10.0) and of controls was 43.5(9.5) years. In the case group, more than half (51.1%) have never consumed beans_alone in the past year compared to 39.0% in the control group. The multivariable models showed inverse associations between beans_alone (high vs. none) and breast cancer (OR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.36-0.86, p-trend = 0.03), triple-negative (OR = 0.51 95%CI: 0.28-0.95, p-trend = 0.02) and marginally associated with hormone receptor-positive (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29-0.96, p-trend = 0.06). CONCLUSION Dietary intake of beans_alone may play a significant role in reducing the incidence of breast cancer, particularly of the more aggressive molecular subtype, triple-negative, in African women living in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galya Bigman
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sally N Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Monday Yilkudi
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ayo Famooto
- African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) Biorepository and Research Laboratory, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Clement Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) Biorepository and Research Laboratory, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria.
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12
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Waddell IS, Orfila C. Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8752-8767. [PMID: 35471164 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a mostly preventable diet-related disease and currently a major challenge for human populations worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and certain cancers. Dietary fiber is a complex mixture of non-digestible molecules, mostly polysaccharides. Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated statistically significant reductions in risks of obesity, T2DM, CVD, colorectal cancer, and pre-menopausal breast cancer with higher dietary fiber intakes. Various direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed including altered digestion and absorption, stimulation of gut hormones including glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), reduced appetite, and altered metabolism of bile and cholesterol. These may act via pathways involving G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and aromatase enzymes. Ultimately, fiber intake contributes to improving glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, lowering risk of T2DM, CVD and certain cancers. Therefore, diets rich in dietary fiber should be encouraged to prevent obesity and associated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Skye Waddell
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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13
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Jurczewska J, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Influence of Diet on Ovulation Disorders in Women—A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081556. [PMID: 35458118 PMCID: PMC9029579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is commonly due to ovulation disorders. They are mostly related to polycystic ovary syndrome, which is currently viewed as one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Ovulation-related female fertility is influenced by multiple factors which may include: age, smoking cigarettes, stress, use of psychoactive substances, and physical activity. Moreover, diet-related factors play an important role in the regulation of ovulation. Dietary components that exert a positive influence on ovulation include: carbohydrate products with low glycemic index, plant protein, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, folic acid, vitamin D, antioxidants, and iron. A diet based on the structure of the Mediterranean diet also seems beneficial. Components that have a negative influence mostly include high glycemic index carbohydrates, large amounts of animal protein, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids, which are typically found in the Western model of nutrition. Due to the paucity of studies that presented a direct link between nutrition and the risk of anovulatory infertility, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on ovulation disorders and indicate the possibilities of future research.
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14
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Tesei D, Jewczynko A, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040495. [PMID: 35454986 PMCID: PMC9031868 DOI: 10.3390/life12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anna Jewczynko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Shobeiri P, Kalantari A, Teixeira AL, Rezaei N. Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota-gut-brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:12. [PMID: 35337376 PMCID: PMC8949832 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women and men are suggested to have differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia, eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa, neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Genetic factors and sex hormones are apparently the main mediators of these differences. Recent evidence uncovers that reciprocal interactions between sex-related features (e.g., sex hormones and sex differences in the brain) and gut microbiota could play a role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders via influencing the gut–brain axis. It is increasingly evident that sex–microbiota–brain interactions take part in the occurrence of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, integrating the existing evidence might help to enlighten the fundamental roles of these interactions in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, an increased understanding of the biological sex differences on the microbiota–brain may lead to advances in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and increase the potential for precision medicine. This review discusses the effects of sex differences on the brain and gut microbiota and the putative underlying mechanisms of action. Additionally, we discuss the consequences of interactions between sex differences and gut microbiota on the emergence of particular neuropsychiatric disorders. The human microbiome is a unique set of organisms affecting health via the gut–brain axis. Neuropsychiatric disorders, eating disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders are regulated by the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a sex-specific manner. Understanding the role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and its sex differences in various diseases can lead to better therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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The Impact of Macronutrient Intake on Sex Steroids During Onset of Puberty. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:483-487. [PMID: 34836804 PMCID: PMC8860866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased fiber intake has been associated with decreased breast cancer risk, while increased animal protein intake with increased risk. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship of dietary fiber and protein intake to estrogen and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations at puberty onset. METHODS These analyses were conducted using the Cincinnati puberty cohort of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, with girls followed every 6 months from ages 6 and 7. The analyses included serum measurements at 6-month intervals for estrogen and SHBG concentrations, from 18 months prior to breast stage 2 (onset of puberty). Dietary intake was documented via 24-hour dietary recalls every 3 months. Dietary factors of interest included total energy intake; total and animal protein; total, soluble, and insoluble fiber; and lignan and flavanol intake. RESULTS This study included 260 participants who generated 871 serum specimens and 3,000 days of diet intake. In longitudinal models, estradiol was associated inversely with insoluble fiber intake; estrone positively with animal protein intake; SHBG with greater insoluble fiber and lower total protein intake; and ratio of estrone to SHBG, a measure of bioavailable estrogen, positively with animal protein. CONCLUSIONS Greater protein intake, especially animal protein, led to greater estrogen concentrations and lower SHBG; greater animal protein and greater caloric intake led to increased bioavailable estrogen. This relationship may have served an evolutionary advantage in the past for greater fertility with adequate high-quality protein; in contemporary women, a modest decrease in animal protein may be beneficial in reducing breast cancer risk.
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17
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Perikonzeptioneller Einfluss von Ernährung und Mikronährstoffen auf die Reproduktionsfunktion. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung von Mikronährstoffen und einer insgesamt „gesunden Ernährung“ in der Schwangerschaft ist unstrittig. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Datenlage zum Einfluss der perikonzeptionellen Ernährung auf die Konzeption, Implantation und den weiteren Schwangerschaftsverlauf weit weniger klar. Gesichert scheint, dass ein hoher Anteil von Vollkornprodukten, Früchten, Gemüse, Fisch und Olivenöl bei moderatem Anteil von Kohlenhydraten günstige Effekte entfaltet. Bei Kinderwunsch ist heute die Folsäuresubstitution obligat, diese kann nach aktuellen Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften durch Vitamin D ergänzt werden.
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18
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Mizgier M, Jarząbek-Bielecka G, Formanowicz D, Jodłowska-Siewert E, Mruczyk K, Cisek-Woźniak A, Kędzia W, Opydo-Szymaczek J. Dietary and Physical Activity Habits in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-HAstudy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3469. [PMID: 34441766 PMCID: PMC8396824 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inappropriate lifestyle in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its metabolic and reproductive complications has attracted much attention in recent years; however, most studies involve adult patients. Thus, the study aimed to compare dietary patterns, physical activity, metabolic, anthropometric and inflammatory markers of 14-18-year-old girls with and without PCOS (n = 61 and n = 35, respectively) as well as to assess correlations between concentrations of metabolic and inflammatory markers and macronutrient intake and to identify the independent predictors of PCOS, related to diet and physical activity (PA). Compared to the control group, PCOS girls consumed significantly more total fat (p = 0.0005), including both saturated (SFA) (p = 0.03), monounsaturated (MUFA) (p = 0.0003) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.01). A significantly higher percentage of PCOS patients consumed high and medium glycemic index (GI) foods (p = 0.03) and represented a low level of PA, both during school and in leisure time (41.67 vs. 6.06%; p = 0.0001 and 32.79 vs. 5.71%; p = 0.003, respectively). The PCOS group had also significantly higher waist circumference (WC), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.01), fasting insulin (p = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.006) levels. There was an inverse correlation between fiber intake and fasting insulin, (p = 0.0002, r = -0.37), HOMA-IR (p = 0.0004, r = -0.35), WC (p = 0.029; r = -0.222) and a positive relationship between high and medium GI diet and insulin concentration (p = 0.003; r = 0.3). An increase of 10 g/day in total fat intake per day increases the probability of PCOS by 1.4 times. If the SFA or MUFA intakes increase by 10 g, the probability of PCOS increase 1.7-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively. The consumption of foods with a medium GI raises the probability of PCOS by more than 3 times, after adjusting for age. The odds ratio decreased for the moderate and high PA at school/work and in leisure time. Further research in girls with PCOS is needed to test whether low GI and dietary fatty acid reduction combined with increased PA is effective in the nonpharmacological treatment and prevention of PCOS complications. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04738409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland; (K.M.); (A.C.-W.)
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (G.J.-B.); (W.K.)
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jodłowska-Siewert
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kinga Mruczyk
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland; (K.M.); (A.C.-W.)
| | - Angelika Cisek-Woźniak
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland; (K.M.); (A.C.-W.)
| | - Witold Kędzia
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (G.J.-B.); (W.K.)
| | - Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
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19
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Unraveling the Balance between Genes, Microbes, Lifestyle and the Environment to Improve Healthy Reproduction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040605. [PMID: 33924000 PMCID: PMC8073673 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans’ health is the result of a complex and balanced interplay between genetic factors, environmental stimuli, lifestyle habits, and the microbiota composition. The knowledge about their single contributions, as well as the complex network linking each to the others, is pivotal to understand the mechanisms underlying the onset of many diseases and can provide key information for their prevention, diagnosis and therapy. This applies also to reproduction. Reproduction, involving almost 10% of our genetic code, is one of the most critical human’s functions and is a key element to assess the well-being of a population. The last decades revealed a progressive decline of reproductive outcomes worldwide. As a consequence, there is a growing interest in unveiling the role of the different factors involved in human reproduction and great efforts have been carried out to improve its outcomes. As for many other diseases, it is now clear that the interplay between the underlying genetics, our commensal microbiome, the lifestyle habits and the environment we live in can either exacerbate the outcome or mitigate the adverse effects. Here, we aim to analyze how each of these factors contribute to reproduction highlighting their individual contribution and providing supporting evidence of how to modify their impact and overall contribution to a healthy reproductive status.
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20
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Abstract
Health and lifespan disparities between sexes are dependent on the immune responses. Men and women have different life styles which determine the environment, nutritional requirements and their interactions with the sex hormones. Sexual dimorphism in innate and adaptive immunity determines responses to infections and other environmental factors regulating health and diseases. Sex hormones regulate immune responses through the expression of receptors which differ for female and male hormones. Estrogen receptors are expressed in brain, lymphoid tissue cells and many immune cells while androgen receptors are limited in expression. Genetic, epigenetic factors and X chromosome linked immune function genes are important in enhanced adaptive immunity in females, leading to production of higher levels of antibodies compared to males. Different nutritional requirements and hormonal control of the mucosal microbiome and its function regulate mucosal immunity. Hormonal changes during various aspects of life and during aging control immune senescence. Evolutionarily, females have an advantage during young age when they are protected from infections by heightened immune reactivity though during aging that can lead to pathologies. Considering the sexual dimorphism in immunity, guidelines need to be established for sex-based treatments for optimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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21
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Kazemi M, Hadi A, Pierson RA, Lujan ME, Zello GA, Chilibeck PD. Effects of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Cardiometabolic and Reproductive Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:161-178. [PMID: 32805007 PMCID: PMC7850057 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit cardiometabolic (e.g., insulin resistance) and associated reproductive disruptions. Lifestyle modification (e.g., diet) is recommended as the first-line therapy to manage PCOS; however, a favorable dietary regimen remains unclear beyond energy restriction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize evidence on impacts of dietary glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) on cardiometabolic and reproductive profiles to update the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS. Databases of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched through 30 October 2019, and confirmed on 25 March 2020, to identify RCTs (≥8 wk) comparing the effects of diets with lower (LGI/LGL) and higher (HGI/HGL) GI/GL on glucoregulatory outcomes, lipid profile, anthropometrics, and androgen status in PCOS. The primary outcome was HOMA-IR. Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane tool. Ten RCTs (n = 403) were eligible. Eight evaluated LGI and 2 LGL diets. LGI diets decreased HOMA-IR (-0.78; -1.20, -0.37; I2 = 86.6%), fasting insulin (-2.39; -4.78, 0.00 μIU/mL; I2 = 76.8%), total cholesterol (-11.13; -18.23, -4.04 mg/dL; I2 = 0.0%), LDL cholesterol (-6.27; -12.01, -0.53 mg/dL; I2 = 0.0%), triglycerides (-14.85; -28.75, -0.95 mg/dL; I2 = 31.0%), waist circumference (-2.81; -4.40, -1.23 cm; I2 = 53.9%), and total testosterone (-0.21; -0.32, -0.09 nmol/L; I2 = 8.6%) compared with HGI diets (all: P ≤ 0.05) without affecting fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, weight, or free androgen index (all: P ≥ 0.07). Some results were contradictory and only described narratively for 2 RCTs that evaluated LGL diets, since inclusion in meta-analyses was not possible. LGI diets improved glucoregulatory outcomes (HOMA-IR, insulin), lipid profiles, abdominal adiposity, and androgen status, conceivably supporting their inclusion for dietary management of PCOS. Further RCTs should confirm these observations and address whether LGI diets improve more patient-pressing complications, including ovulatory cyclicity, infertility, and cardiovascular disease risk in this high-risk population. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020175300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roger A Pierson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marla E Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gordon A Zello
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, Physical Activity Complex, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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22
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A Review of Nonpharmacological Strategies in the Treatment of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:268-275. [PMID: 33465762 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) can result in negative health and performance outcomes in both male and female athletes. The underlying etiology of RED-S is low energy availability (LEA), which occurs when there is insufficient dietary energy intake to meet exercise energy expenditure, corrected for fat-free mass, leaving inadequate energy available to ensure homeostasis and adequate energy turnover (optimize normal bodily functions to positively impact health), but also optimizing recovery, training adaptations, and performance. As such, treatment of RED-S involves increasing energy intake and/or decreasing exercise energy expenditure to address the underlying LEA. Clinically, however, the time burden and methodological errors associated with the quantification of energy intake, exercise energy expenditure, and fat-free mass to assess energy availability in free-living conditions make it difficult for the practitioner to implement in everyday practice. Furthermore, interpretation is complicated by the lack of validated energy availability thresholds, which can result in compromised health and performance outcomes in male and female athletes across various stages of maturation, ethnic races, and different types of sports. This narrative review focuses on pragmatic nonpharmacological strategies in the treatment of RED-S, featuring factors such as low carbohydrate availability, within-day prolonged periods of LEA, insufficient intake of bone-building nutrients, lack of mechanical bone stress, and/or psychogenic stress. This includes the implementation of strategies that address exacerbating factors of LEA, as well as novel treatment methods and underlying mechanisms of action, while highlighting areas of further research.
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23
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Jayedi A, Emadi A, Khan TA, Abdolshahi A, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Fiber and Survival in Women with Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1570-1580. [PMID: 32795218 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1803928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association of dietary fiber consumption with mortality risk in women with breast cancer. A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science till March 2020 to find cohort studies investigating the association of dietary fiber consumption with mortality risk in women with breast cancer. A random-effects model was used to combine study-specific results. The quality of evidence was rated by NutriGrade score. Seven prospective cohort studies with 1,426 cases of all-cause mortality and 679 cases of breast cancer-specific mortality among 11,295 patients with breast cancer were included. The relative risks for the highest compared to the lowest category of dietary fiber consumption were 0.63 (95%CI: 0.52, 0.77; I2 = 0%, n = 5) for all-cause mortality, and 0.72 (95%CI: 0.54, 0.96; I2 = 0%, n = 5) for breast cancer-specific mortality. There was a strong linear association between fiber intake and all-cause mortality risk. The quality of evidence was rated moderate for all-cause mortality, and low for breast cancer-specific mortality. Higher dietary fiber consumption may improve survival in patients with breast cancer. More research is needed to confirm the present results, considering types of fiber consumed and tumor estrogen receptor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emadi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Willis SK, Wise LA, Wesselink AK, Rothman KJ, Mikkelsen EM, Tucker KL, Trolle E, Hatch EE. Glycemic load, dietary fiber, and added sugar and fecundability in 2 preconception cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:27-38. [PMID: 31901163 PMCID: PMC7326597 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic load (GL) reflects the quantity and quality of carbohydrates in the diet; dietary fiber and added sugar are components of GL. Few epidemiologic studies have assessed the association between these dietary factors and fecundability. OBJECTIVE We prospectively evaluated the associations of GL, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and added sugar with fecundability. METHODS Snart Foraeldre (SF) and Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) are parallel web-based prospective preconception cohorts of couples attempting to conceive in Denmark and North America. At baseline, female participants completed a web-based questionnaire on demographic and lifestyle factors and a validated FFQ. We calculated GL, total carbohydrate intake, total dietary fiber, carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio, and added sugar based on reported frequencies for individual foods, standard recipes for mixed foods, and average serving sizes. The analysis included 2709 SF participants and 4268 PRESTO participants. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Compared with an average daily GL of ≤100, FRs for an average daily GL of ≥141 were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.08) in SF and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.98) in PRESTO participants. Compared with consuming ≤16 g/d of dietary fiber, FRs for consuming ≥25 g/d were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.22) in SF and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.20) in PRESTO. Compared with a carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio of ≤8, FRs for a ratio of ≥13 were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.01) in SF and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.98) in PRESTO. Compared with ≤27 g/d of added sugar, FRs for ≥72 g/d were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.10) in SF and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.99) in PRESTO participants. CONCLUSIONS Among women attempting to conceive in Denmark and North America, diets high in GL, carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio, and added sugar were associated with modestly reduced fecundability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA,RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ellen M Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Trolle
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth E Hatch
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Kazemi M, Jarrett BY, Vanden Brink H, Lin AW, Hoeger KM, Spandorfer SD, Lujan ME. Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hyperandrogenism Mediate the Link between Poor Diet Quality and Ovarian Dysmorphology in Reproductive-Aged Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1953. [PMID: 32629978 PMCID: PMC7399845 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between diet quality and ovarian morphology has biological plausibility yet remains unclear and was therefore evaluated. In a multicenter cross-sectional analysis, four dietary patterns were scored for 111 consecutive reproductive-aged women (18-45 years) using (1) Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015); (2) alternative HEI-2010; (3) alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED); (4) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) indices. Ovarian volume (OV) and follicle number per ovary (FNPO) were evaluated on transvaginal ultrasonography. Relationships between dietary and ovarian morphology indices were evaluated by linear regression and mediation analyses. Associations between aMED and DASH scores and OV/FNPO were completely mediated by obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism (All: p < 0.05), unlike direct associations (All: p ≥ 0.89). Namely, a 1-standard deviation [SD] increase in aMED score was associated with decreases in OV (0.09 SD; 0.4 mL) through reducing waist circumference. Likewise, a 1 SD increase in aMED and DASH score was associated with decreases in OV (0.07 SD; 0.3 mL) by reducing glucose response to a 75 g glucose tolerance test. A 1 SD increase in DASH score was associated with decreased FNPO (0.07 SD; 2 follicles) by reducing free androgen index (All: p < 0.05). Adherence to aMED and DASH eating plans was indirectly associated with significant improvements in ovarian form, providing novel mechanistic insights for future interventions about contributions of diet quality on ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.K.); (B.Y.J.); (H.V.B.)
| | - Brittany Y. Jarrett
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.K.); (B.Y.J.); (H.V.B.)
| | - Heidi Vanden Brink
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.K.); (B.Y.J.); (H.V.B.)
| | - Annie W. Lin
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Kathleen M. Hoeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
| | - Steven D. Spandorfer
- Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Marla E. Lujan
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA;
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26
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Gut microbial metabolism of dietary fibre protects against high energy feeding induced ovarian follicular atresia in a pig model. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:38-49. [PMID: 32600501 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary fibre on follicular atresia in pigs fed a high-fat diet, we fed thirty-two prepubescent gilts a basal diet (CON) or a CON diet supplemented with 300 g/d dietary fibre (fibre), 240 g/d soya oil (SO) or both (fibre + SO). At the 19th day of the 4th oestrus cycle, gilts fed the SO diet showed 112 % more atretic follicles and greater expression of the apoptotic markers, Bax and caspase-3, and these effects were reversed by the fibre diet. The abundance of SCFA-producing microbes was decreased by the SO diet, but this effect was reversed by fibre treatment. Concentrations of serotonin and melatonin in the serum and follicular fluid were increased by the fibre diet. Overall, dietary fibre protected against high fat feeding-induced follicular atresia at least partly via gut microbiota-related serotonin-melatonin synthesis. These results provide insight into preventing negative effects on fertility in humans consuming a high-energy diet.
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27
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Zengul AG, Demark-Wahnefried W, Barnes S, Morrow CD, Bertrand B, Berryhill TF, Frugé AD. Associations between Dietary Fiber, the Fecal Microbiota and Estrogen Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1108-1117. [PMID: 32590914 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1784444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a hormonally-driven cancer, and various dietary factors are associated with estrogen metabolism, including dietary fiber. Several studies report associations between dietary fiber and breast cancer; however, research on whether fiber influences circulating estrogens through the gut microbiota is rare. The objective of this cross-sectional study among 29 newly-diagnosed (stage 0-II), post-menopausal breast cancer patients is to examine associations between dietary fiber and the gut microbiota that are linked with β-glucuronidase activity, and purportedly increase circulating estrogens. Spearman's and partial correlations controlling for body mass index and age were performed using dietary recall data, Illumina MiSeq generated microbiota relative abundance, and HPLC-mass spectrometry-derived estradiol and estrone levels.Major findings are: (1) total dietary fiber is inversely associated with Clostridium hathewayi (r= -0.419; p = 0.024); (2) soluble fiber is inversely associated with Clostridium (r=-0.11; p = 0.02); (3) insoluble fiber is positively associated with Bacteroides uniformis sp. (r = 0.382; p = 0.041); and (4) serum estradiol and estrone levels are not correlated with species/genera or dietary fiber, though there is a trend toward an inverse association between soluble fiber and estradiol levels (r= -0.30; p = 0.12). More studies are needed to understand the complex interaction between dietary fiber, intestinal microbiota, and hormonal levels in older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse G Zengul
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, UAB, Wallace Tumor Institute (WTI), Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wallace Tumor Institute (WTI), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.,Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brenda Bertrand
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew D Frugé
- Didactic Program in Dietetics, Auburn University (AU), Auburn, AL, USA
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28
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Park CY, Lee B, Lee SJ. Short Term Intake of Undaria pinnatifida Does Not Affect Bone Biomarkers in Young Korean Women with Low Calcium Intake. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:90-96. [PMID: 32395439 PMCID: PMC7192671 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium intake is essential for bone health, but young Korean women have low calcium intakes. Seaweeds have high calcium content, which may affect calcium metabolism. Twenty nine females aged 18–39 years with low calcium intake (< 400 mg/day) participated in a 19-day open-label randomized controlled trial. During the first five days, participants adhered to a controlled-feeding protocol followed by a two-week supplementation period in free-living conditions. The treatment group (n = 14) received an additional 200 mg Ca/day through Undaria pinnatifida and Porphyra in meals during the controlled-feeding period, and as U. pinnatifida noodles during days 6–19. Mineral intake (Ca, P, Mg, Na, and K) was assessed from diet composites and three 24-hour recalls during the controlled-feeding and free-living periods, respectively. Fasting serum levels of calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]D), phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed at baseline, day 6, and day 19. Statistical analyses were performed by Student's t-test and mixed ANOVA. Mean intakes of all minerals during days 1–5 and mean Ca and Mg intakes during days 6–19 were greater in the treatment group compared to the control group. No group effect or group and time interaction was observed in serum biomarkers. Serum 1,25(OH)D increased while PTH and ALP tended to decrease on day 6 but returned to baseline values on day 20. Short-term intake of U. pinnatifida and Porphyra does not affect calcium metabolism in young Korean women with low calcium intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Lee
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
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29
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Farvid MS, Spence ND, Holmes MD, Barnett JB. Fiber consumption and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer 2020; 126:3061-3075. [PMID: 32249416 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between fiber intake and breast cancer risk have been evaluated in prospective studies, but overall, the evidence is inconsistent. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to investigate the relation between intake of total and types of fiber with breast cancer incidence. METHODS The MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases were searched through July 2019 for prospective studies that reported on the association between fiber consumption and incident breast cancer. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated comparing the highest versus the lowest category of total and types of fiber consumption, using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The authors identified 17 cohort studies, 2 nested case-control studies, and 1 clinical trial study. Total fiber consumption was associated with an 8% lower risk of breast cancer (comparing the highest versus the lowest category, pooled RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95 [I2 = 12.6%]). Soluble fiber was found to be significantly inversely associated with risk of breast cancer (pooled RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84-0.96; I2 = 12.6%]) and insoluble fiber was found to be suggestively inversely associated with risk of breast cancer (pooled RR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-1.00; I2 = 33.4%]). Higher total fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers (pooled RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99; I2 = 35.2%] and pooled RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.88-0.95; I2 = 0.0%], respectively). Furthermore, the authors observed a nonsignificant inverse association between intake of total fiber and risk of both estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS A random-effects meta-analysis of prospective observational studies demonstrated that high total fiber consumption was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. This finding was consistent for soluble fiber as well as for women with premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas D Spence
- Department of Sociology and Interdisciplinary Center for Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junaidah B Barnett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Heath AK, Muller DC, van den Brandt PA, Papadimitriou N, Critselis E, Gunter M, Vineis P, Weiderpass E, Fagherazzi G, Boeing H, Ferrari P, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Arveux P, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mancini FR, Kühn T, Turzanski-Fortner R, Schulze MB, Karakatsani A, Thriskos P, Trichopoulou A, Masala G, Contiero P, Ricceri F, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Bakker MF, van Gils CH, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lasheras C, Agudo A, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Drake I, Ericson U, Johansson I, Winkvist A, Key T, Freisling H, His M, Huybrechts I, Christakoudi S, Ellingjord-Dale M, Riboli E, Tsilidis KK, Tzoulaki I. Nutrient-wide association study of 92 foods and nutrients and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:5. [PMID: 31931881 PMCID: PMC6958698 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several dietary factors have been reported to be associated with risk of breast cancer, but to date, unequivocal evidence only exists for alcohol consumption. We sought to systematically assess the association between intake of 92 foods and nutrients and breast cancer risk using a nutrient-wide association study. METHODS Using data from 272,098 women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, we assessed dietary intake of 92 foods and nutrients estimated by dietary questionnaires. Cox regression was used to quantify the association between each food/nutrient and risk of breast cancer. A false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05 was used to select the set of foods and nutrients to be replicated in the independent Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). RESULTS Six foods and nutrients were identified as associated with risk of breast cancer in the EPIC study (10,979 cases). Higher intake of alcohol overall was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) for a 1 SD increment in intake = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), as was beer/cider intake and wine intake (HRs per 1 SD increment = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06 and 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, respectively), whereas higher intakes of fibre, apple/pear, and carbohydrates were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (HRs per 1 SD increment = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98; 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99; and 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98, respectively). When evaluated in the NLCS (2368 cases), estimates for each of these foods and nutrients were similar in magnitude and direction, with the exception of beer/cider intake, which was not associated with risk in the NLCS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a positive association of alcohol consumption and suggest an inverse association of dietary fibre and possibly fruit intake with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elena Critselis
- Proteomics Facility, Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Marc Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm U1018, Paris-South Paris-Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Arveux
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm U1018, Paris-South Paris-Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Breast and Gynaecologic Cancer Registry of Côte d'Or, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Centre, UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm U1018, Paris-South Paris-Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm U1018, Paris-South Paris-Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | | | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Contiero
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marije F Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla H van Gils
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Functional Biology Department, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Group of Research on Nutrition and Cancer, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet of Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tim Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde His
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Merete Ellingjord-Dale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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Mentella MC, Scaldaferri F, Ricci C, Gasbarrini A, Miggiano GAD. Cancer and Mediterranean Diet: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2059. [PMID: 31480794 PMCID: PMC6770822 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the most worldwide healthy dietary patterns thanks to a combination of foods rich mainly in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients. Many studies have demonstrated a strong and inverse relationship between a high level of Mediterranean diet adherence and some chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.) and cancer. Given its protective effects in reducing oxidative and inflammatory processes of cells and avoiding DNA damages, cell proliferation, and their survival, angiogenesis, inflammations and metastasis, the Mediterranean diet is considered a powerful and manageable method to fight cancer incidence. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the magnitude of interaction between the Mediterranean diet and more widespread types of cancer so as to give a first and useful overview on this relationship identifying, with a nutritional approach, those nutrients of Mediterranean diet able to reduce cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Mentella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- UOC di Ginecologia Oncologica, Area Salute della Donna, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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32
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Ma W, Nguyen LH, Song M, Jovani M, Liu PH, Cao Y, Tam I, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Strate LL, Chan AT. Intake of Dietary Fiber, Fruits, and Vegetables and Risk of Diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114:1531-1538. [PMID: 31397679 PMCID: PMC6731157 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although low fiber intake has been considered a risk factor for diverticulitis, prospective evidence is limited in women despite having a disproportionate burden of disease, with little known about variation in the protective effects according to food sources. We assessed the associations of intakes of fiber and major food sources of fiber including fruits and vegetables with risk of diverticulitis in a large cohort of women. METHODS We followed 50,019 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1990-2014) who were aged 43-70 years and free of diverticulitis, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease at baseline. Incident diverticulitis was identified through self-report with validity confirmed by review of medical records. RESULTS We documented 4,343 incident cases of diverticulitis, encompassing 1,106,402 person-years of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile, the multivariable hazard ratio of diverticulitis in the highest quintile of total fiber intake was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.95; P-trend = 0.002). Fiber from fruits and cereals, but not vegetables, was associated with a decreased risk of diverticulitis. Furthermore, intake of total whole fruit intake and specific fruits such as apples/pears and prunes were associated with reduced risk of diverticulitis with a multivariable hazard ratio for diverticulitis of 0.95 (0.92-0.98; P-trend < 0.001) for every serving increase of total whole fruit intake per day. DISCUSSION Higher intake of dietary fiber and fiber from different food sources, except for vegetable fiber, are associated with a lower risk of diverticulitis in women. A greater intake of whole fruit is also associated with reduced risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ma
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Long H. Nguyen
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Manol Jovani
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Po-Hong Liu
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Idy Tam
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lisa L. Strate
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98122
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
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Stress-induced disturbances along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis and implications for mental health: Does sex matter? Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100772. [PMID: 31302116 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Women are roughly twice as likely as men to suffer from stress-related disorders, especially major depression and generalized anxiety. Accumulating evidence suggest that microbes inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (the gut microbiota) interact with the host brain and may play a key role in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses. Here, the possibility that sexually dimorphic alterations along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis could play a role in promoting this female bias of mood and anxiety disorders will be discussed. This review will also analyze the idea that gut microbes and sex hormones influence each other, and that this reciprocal crosstalk may come to modulate inflammatory players along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis and influence behavior in a sex-dependent way.
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Kim YS, Unno T, Kim BY, Park MS. Sex Differences in Gut Microbiota. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:48-60. [PMID: 30929328 PMCID: PMC6920072 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans carry numerous symbiotic microorganisms in their body, most of which are present in the gut. Although recent technological advances have produced extensive research data on gut microbiota, there are various confounding factors (e.g., diet, race, medications) to consider. Sex is one of the important variables affecting the gut microbiota, but the association has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Although the results are inconsistent, several animal and human studies have shown sex differences in gut microbiota. Herein, we review these studies to discuss the sex-dependent differences as well as the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sung Kim
- Digestive Disease Research Institute and Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.,Division of Microbiome Research, VOWLIFE R&D Center, Iksan, Korea.
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | | | - Mi Sung Park
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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35
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Anderson C, Mark Park YM, Stanczyk FZ, Sandler DP, Nichols HB. Dietary factors and serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in late premenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:1145-1153. [PMID: 30396559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations between dietary factors and circulating antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations among late premenopausal women. DESIGN AMH concentrations were measured in serum samples collected at enrollment from 296 women (aged 35-45 years) in the Sister Study cohort. Usual dietary intakes in the past 12 months were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary exposures of interest included macronutrients, dietary fat subtypes, fiber, and glycemic index. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations between dietary variables and serum AMH concentrations. We also used nutrient density models to examine isocaloric replacement of macronutrients. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENTS Women aged 35-45 years. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum AMH concentrations in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). RESULTS AMH concentrations were positively associated with percentage of energy from carbohydrates (β per 5% calories = 0.141 [95% CI 0.023, 0.259]; P trend = .019), and inversely associated with percentage of energy from fat (β per 5% calories = -0.152 [95% CI -0.299, -0.004]; P trend = .044). In analyses of dietary fat subtypes, AMH decreased with increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (P trend = .082) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P trend = .043), particularly ω-6 fatty acids (P trend = .044), whereas no strong trend was observed for saturated fatty acids. Protein and alcohol intake were not strongly associated with AMH. CONCLUSIONS Our cross-sectional analyses in a sample of late premenopausal women suggest that dietary fat intake may be inversely associated with circulating AMH concentrations. Further research in prospective studies is warranted to evaluate dietary factors as potential modifiers of ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yong-Moon Mark Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Frank Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Vemuri R, Sylvia KE, Klein SL, Forster SC, Plebanski M, Eri R, Flanagan KL. The microgenderome revealed: sex differences in bidirectional interactions between the microbiota, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:265-275. [PMID: 30298433 PMCID: PMC6500089 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in immunity are well described in the literature and thought to be mainly driven by sex hormones and sex-linked immune response genes. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the largest immune organs in the body and contains multiple immune cells in the GIT-associated lymphoid tissue, Peyer's patches and elsewhere, which together have profound effects on local and systemic inflammation. The GIT is colonised with microbial communities composed of bacteria, fungi and viruses, collectively known as the GIT microbiota. The GIT microbiota drives multiple interactions locally with immune cells that regulate the homeostatic environment and systemically in diverse tissues. It is becoming evident that the microbiota differs between the sexes, both in animal models and in humans, and these sex differences often lead to sex-dependent changes in local GIT inflammation, systemic immunity and susceptibility to a range of inflammatory diseases. The sexually dimorphic microbiome has been termed the 'microgenderome'. Herein, we review the evidence for the microgenderome and contemplate the role it plays in driving sex differences in immunity and disease susceptibility. We further consider the impact that biological sex might play in the response to treatments aimed at manipulating the GIT microbiota, such as prebiotics, live biotherapeutics, (probiotics, synbiotics and bacteriotherapies) and faecal microbial transplant. These alternative therapies hold potential in the treatment of both psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression) and physiological (e.g., irritable bowel disease) disorders differentially affecting males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kristyn E Sylvia
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Microbiota and Systems Biology Laboratory, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raj Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Chiu YH, Chavarro JE, Souter I. Diet and female fertility: doctor, what should I eat? Fertil Steril 2019; 110:560-569. [PMID: 30196938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fecundity is the capacity to produce offspring. Identifying dietary factors that influence human fecundity is of major clinical and public health significance. This review focuses on the evidence from epidemiologic literature for the relationships between key nutritional factors and female reproductive potential. According to existing data, women trying to achieve pregnancy are encouraged to increase consumption of whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, fish, and soy and to reduce consumption of trans fats and red meat. In addition, a daily multivitamin that contains folic acid before and during pregnancy may not only prevent birth defects, but also improve the chance of achieving and maintaining a pregnancy. In contrast, there is limited evidence supporting an association between vitamin D and human fecundity outcomes despite promising evidence from nonhuman studies. Questions for future research included the roles of other types of fat (especially omega-6 and monounsaturated fats) and protein (especially white meat and seafood) on female fertility; particular attention should also be paid to exposure to environmental contaminants in foods. Although much work remains, this review accrued best available evidence to provide practical dietary recommendations for women trying to conceive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Souter
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Menopause, the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, marks the end of a woman's reproductive lifespan. In addition to changes in sex hormone levels associated with menopause, its timing is another predictor of future health outcomes such as duration of the presence of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the risk of hormone-related cancers. With ageing of the population, it is estimated that worldwide 1·2 billion women will be menopausal by the year 2030. Previously the effects of reproductive factors (e.g. parity, age at menarche, pregnancy) and socio-demographic factors on intermediate and long-term health outcomes of menopause have been widely documented. However, little is known about whether diet could have an impact on these. Therefore, we review current evidence on the associations of diet with menopause, presence of VMS and the risk of hormone-related cancers such as ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer. Dietary factors could influence the lifespan of the ovaries and sex-hormones levels, hence the timing of natural menopause. Few studies reported an association between diet, in particular soya consumption, and a reduced risk of VMS. Sustained oestrogen exposure has been associated with a higher risk of hormone-related cancers and thus high-fat and meat diets have been linked with an increased risk of these cancers. However, to better understand the mechanistic pathways involved and to make stronger conclusions for these relationships, further studies investigating the associations of dietary intakes and dietary patterns with menopause, presence of VMS and the risk of hormone-related cancers are required.
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Sasaki H, Kawamura K, Kawamura T, Odamaki T, Katsumata N, Xiao JZ, Suzuki N, Tanaka M. Distinctive subpopulations of the intestinal microbiota are present in women with unexplained chronic anovulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:570-578. [PMID: 30773302 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do gut microbiota associate with the ovulatory cycle in women showing normogonadotrophic anovulation? In humans, the gut microbiota affects diverse physiological functions and dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) may lead to pathological syndromes. However, there is comparatively little information on the relevance of gut microbiota to reproductive functions in women. Here, a group of women with idiopathic chronic anovulation were examined, who do not exhibit any apparent endocrinological disorder, as they are suitable for investigating the relationship between intestinal bacteria and ovulatory disorders. DESIGN A prospective observational cohort study was performed on two groups of women who did not exhibit apparent endocrinological disorders but showed either irregular menstrual cycles (IMC group) or normal menstrual cycles (controls). The bacterial composition of faeces from rectal swabs from the women was analysed using next-generation sequencing based on bacterial 16SrRNA genes. RESULTS A metagenomic analysis indicated that the two groups of women had significant differences in 28 bacterial taxa in their faeces. Prevotella-enriched microbiomes were more abundant in the IMC group, whereas Clostridiales, Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae (butyrate-producing bacteria) were present at lower levels in the IMC group. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive subpopulations of intestinal microbiota were identified in women with unexplained chronic anovulation. The results indicate that gut microbiota could be associated with ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, -Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Reproduction and Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Reproduction and Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan; Advanced Reproductive Medicine Research Centre, International University Health and Welfare School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita Shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kawamura
- Denentoshi Ladies Clinic Reproductive Centre, 2-3-10 Aobadai, Aobaku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-0062, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Noriko Katsumata
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Reproduction and Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, -Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus Statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): 2018 Update. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:316-331. [PMID: 29771168 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen JK, Burke LM, Ackerman KE, Blauwet C, Constantini N, Lebrun C, Lundy B, Melin AK, Meyer NL, Sherman RT, Tenforde AS, Klungland Torstveit M, Budgett R. IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:687-697. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Krouni A, Forouhari S, Namavarjahromi B, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Shayan A, Sepasi S, Zare A. The evaluation of the relationship between some related hormone levels and diet in obese or overweight patients with hirsutism: A randomized clinical trial. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 6:755-759. [PMID: 29564258 PMCID: PMC5848393 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_179_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hirsutism is a common disorder that has remarkable physical and mental effects on individuals. No appropriate diet has yet specified for individuals with hirsutism. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of high-fibre, low-caloric balanced diet on some related hormone levels in obese or overweight women with hirsutism who had referred to clinics affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The present study was a clinical trial that was carried out on 47 obese or overweight women with hirsutism in 2014. The women were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group that, respectively, consumed a high-fiber, low-caloric balanced diet and a normal diet for 3 months. A demographic characteristics questionnaire and a researcher-designed diet questionnaire were filled out by the two groups before the intervention. Before and 12 weeks after the intervention, body mass index (BMI) was measured and blood samples (on the 3–5 days of menstruation) were collected. Factors of luteinizing hormone, follice stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), CHOL, prolactin, triglycerides, insulin, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and free androstenedione testosterone were measured. The collected data were analyzed through t-test, Chi-square, and intergroup analysis using SPSS 22.0. Results: The mean age of the participating women was 27.23 ± 5.42 years. After the study, the level of FBS and insulin in the intervention group dropped while they increased in the control group. Moreover, the postintervention level of BMI in the intervention group on average decreased 1.89 units while it rose by 0.3 units in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that consuming high-fiber diet by obese or overweight women with hirsutism and polycystic ovary can reduce some factors including the level of FBS, insulin, and cholesterol and enhance blood HDL. Therefore, consuming this type of diet is recommended to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Krouni
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedighe Forouhari
- Infertility Research Center, Hadith and Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Research Cente of Quran, Hadith and Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahia Namavarjahromi
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Shayan
- Instructor of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Sepasi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zare
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dai Z, Zhang Y, Lu N, Felson DT, Kiel DP, Sahni S. Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Bone Loss in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:241-249. [PMID: 29024045 PMCID: PMC5990003 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber may increase calcium absorption, but its role in bone mineralization is unclear. Furthermore, the health effect of dietary fiber may be different between sexes. We examined the association between dietary fiber (total fiber and fiber from cereal, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes) and bone loss at the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine (L2 to L4 ) in older men and women. In the Framingham Offspring Study, at baseline (1996-2001), diet was assessed using the Willett food-frequency questionnaire, and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Follow-up BMD was measured in 2001-2005 and 2005-2008 among 792 men (mean age 58.1 years; BMI 28.6 kg/m2 ) and 1065 women (mean age 57.3 years; BMI 27.2 kg/m2 ). We used sex-specific generalized estimating equations in multivariable regressions to estimate the difference (β) of annualized BMD change in percent (%ΔBMD) at each skeletal site per 5 g/d increase in dietary fiber. We further estimated the adjusted mean for bone loss (annualized %ΔBMD) among participants in each higher quartile (Q2, Q3, or Q4) compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1) of fiber intake. Higher dietary total fiber (β = 0.06, p = 0.003) and fruit fiber (β = 0.10, p = 0.008) was protective against bone loss at the femoral neck in men but not in women. When examined in quartiles, men in Q2-Q4 of total fiber had significantly less bone loss at the femoral neck versus those in Q1 (all p < 0.04). For women, we did not observe associations with hip bone loss, although fiber from vegetables appeared to be protective against spine bone loss in women but not men. There were no associations with cereal fiber or nut and legume fiber and bone loss in men or women. Our findings suggest that higher dietary fiber may modestly reduce bone loss in men at the hip. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine
| | - Na Lu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine
| | - David T. Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
- Central Manchester Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester
UK
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Ren. J, Brann. LS, Bruening. KS, Scerpella. TA, Dowthwaite. JN. Relationships among diet, physical activity, and dual plane dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone outcomes in pre-pubertalgirls. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:19. [PMID: 28197890 PMCID: PMC6376963 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In pre-pubertal girls, nutrient intakes and non-aquatic organized activity were evaluated as factors in vertebral body bone mass, structure, and strength. Activity, vitamin B12, and dietary fiber predicted bone outcomes most consistently. Exercise and vitamin B12 appear beneficial, whereas high fiber intake appears to be adverse for vertebral body development. PURPOSE Childhood development sets the baseline for adult fracture risk. Most studies evaluate development using postero-anterior (PA) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) areal bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone mineral apparent density. In a prior analysis, we demonstrated that PA DXA reflects posterior element properties, rather than vertebral body fracture sites, such that loading is associated with subtle differences in vertebral body geometry, not 3D density. The current analysis is restricted to pre-pubertal girls, for a focused exploration of key nutrient intakes and physical activity as factors in dual plane indices of vertebral body geometry, density, and strength. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used paired PA and supine lateral (LAT) lumbar spine DXA scans to assess "3D" vertebral body bone mineral apparent density (PALATBMAD), "3D" index of structural strength in axial compression (PALATIBS), and fracture risk index (PALATFRI). Diet data were collected using the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ, 1995); organized physical activity was recorded via calendar-based form. Pearson correlations and backward stepwise multiple linear regression analyzed associations among key nutrients, physical activity, and bone outcomes. RESULTS After accounting for activity and key covariates, fiber, unsupplemented vitamin B12, zinc, carbohydrate, vitamin C, unsupplemented magnesium, and unsupplemented calcium intake explained significant variance for one or more bone outcomes (p < 0.05). After adjustment for influential key nutrients and covariates, activity exposure was associated with postero-anterior (PA) areal bone mineral density, PA bone mineral content, PA width, lateral (LAT) BMC, "3D" bone cross-sectional area (coronal plane), "3D" PALATIBS, and PALATFRI benefits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, fiber intake, and unsupplemented B12 intake appear to influence vertebral body bone mass, density, geometry, and strength in well-nourished pre-pubertal girls; high fiber intakes may adversely affect childhood vertebral body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren.
- Nutrition Science and Dietetics Program. Syracuse University. Address: 1645 Belleville Way #B, Sunnyvale, CA. 94087. Telephone number: (804)-432-2582.
| | - Lynn S. Brann.
- Nutrition Science and Dietetics Program. Syracuse University. Address: 550L White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244. Telephone number: (315) 443-4805. Fax number: 315-443-9807
| | - Kay S. Bruening.
- Nutrition Science and Dietetics Program. Syracuse University. Address: 550L White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244. Telephone number: (315) 443-9326. Fax number: 315-443-9807
| | - Tamara A. Scerpella.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Address: 1685 Highland Ave., 6 floor, Madison, WI 53705. Telephone number: (608) 263-5636.
| | - Jodi N. Dowthwaite.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University. Address: 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210. Telephone number: (315) 464-9981. Fax number: (315) 464-6638.
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Baskaran C, Carson TL, Campoverde Reyes KJ, Becker KR, Slattery MJ, Tulsiani S, Eddy KT, Anderson EJ, Hubbard JL, Misra M, Klibanski A. Macronutrient intake associated with weight gain in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:1050-1057. [PMID: 28593722 PMCID: PMC5572315 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents and women with anorexia nervosa (AN) are known to severely restrict total calorie and fat intake. However, data are limited regarding specific macronutrient intake associated with weight gain in AN. OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate dietary macronutrient composition associated with weight gain in adolescent girls with AN. METHOD A prospective naturalistic study of 90 girls 12-18 years old; 45 with AN and 45 healthy normal-weight-controls over a 6-12-month period. Participants completed four-day food diaries and underwent body composition assessment using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight gain was defined as a ≥10% increase in body mass index (BMI) from baseline. RESULTS Baseline clinical characteristics did not differ between girls with AN who did not gain weight (AN-0) versus those who did (AN-1) over the following 6-12 month period except for percentage of calories from proteins (p = 0.046). At 6-12 month follow-up, AN-1 consumed a lower percentage of total calories from protein (p = .001), and a higher percentage of total calories from fat (p = .02) compared to AN-0. AN-1 had a significant increase in the percentage of total calories obtained from and poly-unsaturated-fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.006) compared to AN-0, between baseline and follow-up. Within the AN group, BMI at follow-up was associated positively with percentage of total calories obtained from fat, MUFA, and PUFA (p < .05) at 6/12 months, and inversely with the percentage of total calories obtained from carbohydrates and proteins (p = .03). DISCUSSION Consuming a greater proportion of total calories from fat is associated with weight gain in adolescent girls with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charumathi Baskaran
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Traci L. Carson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Karen J. Campoverde Reyes
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kendra R. Becker
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Meghan J. Slattery
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Shreya Tulsiani
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kamryn T. Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Madhusmita Misra
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- MGH Clinical Research Center; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
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Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Tehrani FR, Azizi F. Current Evidence on Associations of Nutritional Factors with Ovarian Reserve and Timing of Menopause: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:597-612. [PMID: 28710146 PMCID: PMC5502869 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging is thought to be influenced by environmental factors, including nutrition. The aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence on the associations between nutritional factors, ovarian reserve, and age at menopause. PubMed and Scopus were structurally searched until May 2016. Original studies, with either observational or interventional designs, that examined the associations of nutritional factors (serum or dietary nutrients, food groups, and/or dietary patterns) with different ovarian reserve markers and/or timing of menopause were considered eligible. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria: 17 studies on ovarian reserve markers and 9 studies on menopausal age. Significant diversity was observed in nutritional factors examined across studies. In the study of nutritional factors, associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and intakes of soy or soy products with ovarian reserve have been the most investigated. For associations with menopausal age, intakes of total fat, fiber, and soy products have been mainly examined. Significant associations with ovarian reserve markers were found in 4 of 7 studies on serum 25(OH)D, 2 of 6 studies on soy or soy products, 1 of 2 studies on fiber intake, 1 study on serum zinc and copper concentrations, and 1 study on serum antioxidant concentrations. Studies on nutritional factors and menopausal age provided inconsistent findings, some of which suggested modest associations. Although there is some promising evidence on the influential role of nutrition in ovarian aging, a limited number of studies, heterogeneous in their design and study of nutritional factors, makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. To better understand this issue, examination of associations of dietary intakes or dietary patterns with more precise markers of ovarian reserve, such as anti-mullerian hormone and antral follicle count, with age at menopause is needed. In addition, to explore whether nutritional factors alter the process of ovarian aging, an examination of changes in ovarian reserve markers should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; and
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Connell MT, Sjaarda LA, Radin RG, Kuhr D, Mumford SL, Plowden TC, Silver RM, Schisterman EF. The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) Trial: A Story of Discovery. Semin Reprod Med 2017; 35:344-352. [PMID: 29036741 PMCID: PMC6234510 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human reproduction is an inefficient process. There are several drivers of complications along the path to and during pregnancy, one of which is inflammation. Treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of aberrant inflammation with something inexpensive and widely available like aspirin could have dramatic global impact. The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial enrolled women aged 18 to 40 years with one to two prior pregnancy losses and no diagnosis of infertility. Patients were randomized to either low-dose aspirin or placebo. Here, we review the collective findings of the EAGeR trial to date and discuss several important lessons learned from the unique data resulting from this groundbreaking trial. Findings reported from this trial provide significant advances in the understanding of aspirin’s potential mechanisms in modulating reproductive processes and the role of inflammation in these processes. This review describes the collective findings of the EAGeR trial in the context of the existing literature regarding aspirin and inflammation in reproduction to inform relevant next steps in fertility and obstetric research, as well as potential implications for clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Connell
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
- Program of Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lindsey A. Sjaarda
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
| | - Rose G. Radin
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
| | - Daniel Kuhr
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
| | - Sunni L. Mumford
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
| | - Torie C. Plowden
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
- Program of Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert M. Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Enrique F. Schisterman
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Marylan
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Kim K, Wactawski-Wende J, Michels KA, Plowden TC, Chaljub EN, Sjaarda LA, Mumford SL. Dairy Food Intake Is Associated with Reproductive Hormones and Sporadic Anovulation among Healthy Premenopausal Women. J Nutr 2017; 147:218-226. [PMID: 27881593 PMCID: PMC5265695 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.241521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy food intake has been associated with infertility; however, little is known with regard to associations with reproductive hormones or anovulation. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether intakes of dairy foods and specific nutrients were associated with reproductive hormone concentrations across the cycle and the risk of sporadic anovulation among healthy women. METHODS We prospectively measured serum reproductive hormones ≤8 times/menstrual cycle for 2 cycles from 259 regularly menstruating women (mean age: 27.3 y). Dairy food intake was assessed via 24-h dietary recalls 4 times/cycle. Dairy food intakes were assessed by 1) total and low- and high-fat dairy products; 2) dairy nutrients, including fat, lactose, calcium, and phosphorus; and 3) dairy foods, including milk, cheese, butter, cream, yogurt, and ice cream categories. Weighted linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between dairy nutrients or food intakes and hormone concentrations. Modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to evaluate anovulation. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, race, physical activity, Mediterranean diet score, total energy, protein, fiber, caffeine, and other hormones. RESULTS Each serving increase in total and low- and high-fat dairy foods and all increases in amounts of all dairy nutrients tested were associated with an ∼5% reduction in serum estradiol concentrations but were not associated with anovulation. Total and high-fat dairy food intakes were positively associated with serum luteinizing hormone concentrations. We observed associations between intakes of >0 servings of yogurt (RR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.7) and cream (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.2) and a higher risk of sporadic anovulation compared with no intake. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed associations between increasing dairy food and nutrient intakes and decreasing estradiol concentrations as well as between cream and yogurt intakes and the risk of sporadic anovulation. These results highlight the potential role of dairy in reproductive function in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keewan Kim
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research and
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Torie C Plowden
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research and
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD; and
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Radin RG, Sjaarda LA, Perkins NJ, Silver RM, Chen Z, Lesher LL, Galai N, Wactawski-Wende J, Mumford SL, Schisterman EF. Low-Dose Aspirin and Sporadic Anovulation in the EAGeR Randomized Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:86-92. [PMID: 27754808 PMCID: PMC5413097 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Among women with a single, recent pregnancy loss, daily preconception low-dose aspirin (LDA) increased the live birth rate with no effect on pregnancy loss. Ovulation is a potential mechanism underlying this effect. OBJECTIVE We estimated the effect of LDA on the per-cycle risk of anovulation among eumenorrheic women. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily LDA on reproductive outcomes. Preconception follow-up lasted 1 to 6 menstrual cycles (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00467363). SETTING Four US medical centers during 2007 to 2011. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Healthy women (n = 1214), age 18 to 40, were attempting pregnancy, had regular menstrual cycles (21 to 42 days), and had a history of 1 to 2 documented pregnancy losses, ≤2 live births, and no infertility. All participants completed at least 1 menstrual cycle of follow-up; none withdrew due to adverse events. INTERVENTION Aspirin (81 mg) daily for 1 to 6 menstrual cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Per-cycle risk of anovulation, defined as the absence of both a positive spot-urine pregnancy test and a luteinizing hormone (LH) peak (2.5-fold increase in daily urinary LH). Hypothesis formulation preceded data collection. RESULTS Among 4340 cycles, LDA was not associated with anovulation (LDA: 13.4%, placebo: 11.1%; risk ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.52). Results were similar among women with a single, recent loss. CONCLUSIONS Daily LDA had no effect on anovulation among women with a history of 1 to 2 pregnancy losses. LDA may affect fertility via other pathways, and these warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose G. Radin
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817;
| | - Lindsey A. Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817;
| | - Neil J. Perkins
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817;
| | - Robert M. Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132;
| | - Zhen Chen
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817;
| | - Laurie L. Lesher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132;
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel; and
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228
| | - Sunni L. Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817;
| | - Enrique F. Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817;
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Association between paraben exposure and menstrual cycle in female university students in Japan. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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