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Zettl I, Bauernfeind C, Kollárová J, Flicker S. Single-Domain Antibodies-Novel Tools to Study and Treat Allergies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7602. [PMID: 39062843 PMCID: PMC11277559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergies represent a major health problem in the modern world. Apart from allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), the only disease-modifying treatment, researchers focus on biologics that target different key molecules such as allergens, IgE, or type 2 cytokines to ameliorate allergic symptoms. Single-domain antibodies, or nanobodies, are the newcomers in biotherapeutics, and their huge potential is being investigated in various research fields since their discovery 30 years ago. While they are dominantly applied for theranostics of cancer and treatment of infectious diseases, nanobodies have become increasingly substantial in allergology over the last decade. In this review, we discuss the prerequisites that we consider to be important for generating useful nanobody-based drug candidates for treating allergies. We further summarize the available research data on nanobodies used as allergen monitoring and detection probes and for therapeutic approaches. We reflect on the limitations that have to be addressed during the development process, such as in vivo half-life and immunogenicity. Finally, we speculate about novel application formats for allergy treatment that might be available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zettl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Bauernfeind
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Kollárová
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Bauernfeind C, Zettl I, Ivanova T, Goryainova O, Weijler AM, Pranz B, Drescher A, Focke-Tejkl M, Pavkov-Keller T, Eckl-Dorna J, Tillib SV, Flicker S. Trimeric Bet v 1-specific nanobodies cause strong suppression of IgE binding. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343024. [PMID: 38784378 PMCID: PMC11112410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Around 20% of the population in Northern and Central Europe is affected by birch pollen allergy, with the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 as the main elicitor of allergic reactions. Together with its cross-reactive allergens from related trees and foods, Bet v 1 causes an impaired quality of life. Hence, new treatment strategies were elaborated, demonstrating the effectiveness of blocking IgG antibodies on Bet v 1-induced IgE-mediated reactions. A recent study provided evidence for the first time that Bet v 1-specific nanobodies reduce patients´ IgE binding to Bet v 1. In order to increase the potential to outcompete IgE recognition of Bet v 1 and to foster cross-reactivity and cross-protection, we developed Bet v 1-specific nanobody trimers and evaluated their capacity to suppress polyclonal IgE binding to corresponding allergens and allergen-induced basophil degranulation. Methods Nanobody trimers were engineered by adding isoleucine zippers, thus enabling trimeric formation. Trimers were analyzed for their cross-reactivity, binding kinetics to Bet v 1, and related allergens, and patients' IgE inhibition potential. Finally, their efficacy to prevent basophil degranulation was investigated. Results Trimers showed enhanced recognition of cross-reactive allergens and increased efficiency to reduce IgE-allergen binding compared to nanobody monomers. Furthermore, trimers displayed slow dissociation rates from allergens and suppressed allergen-induced mediator release. Conclusion We generated high-affine nanobody trimers that target Bet v 1 and related allergens. Trimers blocked IgE-allergen interaction by competing with IgE for allergen binding. They inhibited IgE-mediated release of biological mediators, demonstrating a promising potential to prevent allergic reactions caused by Bet v 1 and relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Bauernfeind
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Zettl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Goryainova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pranz
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Melnikova DN, Finkina EI, Potapov AE, Danilova YD, Toropygin IY, Matveevskaya NS, Ovchinnikova TV, Bogdanov IV. Structural and Immunological Features of PR-10 Allergens: Focusing on the Major Alder Pollen Allergen Aln g 1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4965. [PMID: 38732184 PMCID: PMC11084660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, allergies have become a serious problem. PR-10 proteins are clinically relevant allergens that have the ability to bind hydrophobic ligands, which can significantly increase their allergenicity potential. It has been recently shown that not only the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 but also the alder pollen allergen Aln g 1, might act as a true sensitizer of the immune system. The current investigation is aimed at the further study of the allergenic and structural features of Aln g 1. By using qPCR, we showed that Aln g 1 was able to upregulate alarmins in epithelial cells, playing an important role in sensitization. With the use of CD-spectroscopy and ELISA assays with the sera of allergic patients, we demonstrated that Aln g 1 did not completely restore its structure after thermal denaturation, which led to a decrease in its IgE-binding capacity. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we revealed that the replacement of two residues (Asp27 and Leu30) in the structure of Aln g 1 led to a decrease in its ability to bind to both IgE from sera of allergic patients and lipid ligands. The obtained data open a prospect for the development of hypoallergenic variants of the major alder allergen Aln g 1 for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N. Melnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.F.); (A.E.P.); (Y.D.D.); (T.V.O.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.F.); (A.E.P.); (Y.D.D.); (T.V.O.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Andrey E. Potapov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.F.); (A.E.P.); (Y.D.D.); (T.V.O.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Yulia D. Danilova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.F.); (A.E.P.); (Y.D.D.); (T.V.O.); (I.V.B.)
| | | | - Natalia S. Matveevskaya
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.F.); (A.E.P.); (Y.D.D.); (T.V.O.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.F.); (A.E.P.); (Y.D.D.); (T.V.O.); (I.V.B.)
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4
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Khaitov M, Shilovskiy I, Valenta R, Weber M, Korneev A, Tulaeva I, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Hofer G, Konradsen JR, Keller W, Akinfenwa O, Poroshina A, Ilina N, Fedenko E, Elisyutina O, Litovkina A, Smolnikov E, Nikonova A, Rybalkin S, Aldobaev V, Smirnov V, Shershakova N, Petukhova O, Kudlay D, Shatilov A, Timofeeva A, Campana R, Udin S, Skvortsova V. Recombinant PreS-fusion protein vaccine for birch pollen and apple allergy. Allergy 2024; 79:1001-1017. [PMID: 37855043 DOI: 10.1111/all.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE cross-sensitization to major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and pathogenesis-related (PR10) plant food allergens is responsible for the pollen-food allergy syndrome. METHODS We designed a recombinant protein, AB-PreS, consisting of non-allergenic peptides derived from the IgE-binding sites of Bet v 1 and the cross-reactive apple allergen, Mal d 1, fused to the PreS domain of HBV surface protein as immunological carrier. AB-PreS was expressed in E. coli and purified by chromatography. The allergenic and inflammatory activity of AB-PreS was tested using basophils and PBMCs from birch pollen allergic patients. The ability of antibodies induced by immunization of rabbits with AB-PreS and birch pollen extract-based vaccines to inhibit allergic patients IgE binding to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS IgE-binding experiments and basophil activation test revealed the hypoallergenic nature of AB-PreS. AB-PreS induced lower T-cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production in cultured PBMCs from allergic patients. IgG antibodies induced by five injections with AB-PreS inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 better than did IgG induced by up to 30 injections of six licensed birch pollen allergen extract-based vaccines. Additionally, immunization with AB-PreS induced HBV-specific antibodies potentially protecting from infection with HBV. CONCLUSION The recombinant AB-PreS-based vaccine is hypoallergenic and superior over currently registered allergen extract-based vaccines regarding the induction of blocking antibodies to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Karl Landsteiner University for Healthcare Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Artem Korneev
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Hofer
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon R Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Poroshina
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya Ilina
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Fedenko
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alla Litovkina
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Smolnikov
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Sergei Rybalkin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Aldobaev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy Smirnov
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Olga Petukhova
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Shatilov
- NRC Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergei Udin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Veronica Skvortsova
- Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia (FMBA Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ma L, He Y, Xie H, Wang J, Chen J, Song S, Zhang L, Li L, Lai H, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu X, Zou Z, Zhang Q, Yan J, Tao A. Ferroptotic alveolar epithelial type II cells drive T H2 and T H17 mixed asthma triggered by birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:96. [PMID: 38395974 PMCID: PMC10891108 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common allergic disease characterized by airway hypersensitivity and airway remodeling. Ferroptosis is a regulated death marked by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Several environmental pollutants and allergens have been shown to cause ferroptosis in epithelial cells, but the relationship between birch pollinosis and ferroptosis in asthma is poorly defined. Here, for the first time, we have identified ferroptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells in mice with Bet v 1-induced asthma. Further analysis revealed that treatment with ferrostatin-1 reduced TH2/TH17-related inflammation and alleviated epithelial damage in mice with Bet v 1-induced asthma. In addition, ACSL4-knocked-down A549 cells are more resistant to Bet v 1-induced ferroptosis. Analysis of clinical samples verified higher serum MDA and 4-HNE concentrations compared to healthy individuals. We demonstrate that birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 induces ferroptosis underlaid TH2 and TH17 hybrid asthma. Lipid peroxidation levels can be considered as a biomarker of asthma severity, and treatment with a specific ferroptosis inhibitor could be a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, 430005, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Huancheng Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jiaqian Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shijie Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Le Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Linmei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - He Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zehong Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Road East, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Bothen N, Backes AT, Weller MG, Pöschl U. Oligomerization and tyrosine nitration enhance the allergenic potential of the birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1303943. [PMID: 38125293 PMCID: PMC10732249 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1303943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein modifications such as oligomerization and tyrosine nitration alter the immune response to allergens and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases. In this mini-review, we summarize and discuss relevant findings for the major birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 modified with tetranitromethane (laboratory studies), peroxynitrite (physiological processes), and ozone and nitrogen dioxide (environmental conditions). We focus on tyrosine nitration and the formation of protein dimers and higher oligomers via dityrosine cross-linking and the immunological effects studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Bothen
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna T. Backes
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Division 1.5 - Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Binding to Iron Quercetin Complexes Increases the Antioxidant Capacity of the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1 and Reduces Its Allergenicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010042. [PMID: 36670905 PMCID: PMC9854910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bet v 1 is the major allergen in birch pollen to which up to 95% of patients sensitized to birch respond. As a member of the pathogenesis-related PR 10 family, its natural function is implicated in plant defense, with a member of the PR10 family being reported to be upregulated under iron deficiency. As such, we assessed the function of Bet v 1 to sequester iron and its immunomodulatory properties on human immune cells. Binding of Bet v 1 to iron quercetin complexes FeQ2 was determined in docking calculations and by spectroscopy. Serum IgE-binding to Bet v 1 with (holoBet v1) and without ligands (apoBet v 1) were assessed by ELISA, blocking experiments and Western Blot. Crosslinking-capacity of apo/holoBet v 1 were assessed on human mast cells and Arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation with the human reporter cellline AZ-AHR. Human PBMCs were stimulated and assessed for labile iron and phenotypic changes by flow cytometry. Bet v 1 bound to FeQ2 strongly with calculated Kd values of 1 nm surpassing affinities to quercetin alone nearly by a factor of 1000. Binding to FeQ2 masked IgE epitopes and decreased IgE binding up to 80% and impaired degranulation of sensitized human mast cells. Bet v 1 facilitated the shuttling of quercetin, which activated the anti-inflammatory AhR pathway and increased the labile iron pool of human monocytic cells. The increase of labile iron was associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype in CD14+monocytes and downregulation of HLADR. To summarize, we reveal for the first time that FeQ2 binding reduces the allergenicity of Bet v 1 due to ligand masking, but also actively contributes anti-inflammatory stimuli to human monocytes, thereby fostering tolerance. Nourishing immune cells with complex iron may thus represent a promising antigen-independent immunotherapeutic approach to improve efficacy in allergen immunotherapy.
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8
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Ahammer L, Unterhauser J, Eidelpes R, Meisenbichler C, Nothegger B, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Breuker K, Eisendle K, Reider N, Letschka T, Tollinger M. Ascorbylation of a Reactive Cysteine in the Major Apple Allergen Mal d 1. Foods 2022; 11:2953. [PMID: 36230029 PMCID: PMC9562000 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein Mal d 1 is responsible for most allergic reactions to apples (Malus domestica) in the northern hemisphere. Mal d 1 contains a cysteine residue on its surface, with its reactive side chain thiol exposed to the surrounding food matrix. We show that, in vitro, this cysteine residue is prone to spontaneous chemical modification by ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we characterize the chemical structure of the cysteine adduct and provide a three-dimensional structural model of the modified apple allergen. The S-ascorbylated cysteine partially masks a major IgE antibody binding site on the surface of Mal d 1, which attenuates IgE binding in sera of apple-allergic patients. Our results illustrate, from a structural perspective, the role that chemical modifications of allergens with components of the natural food matrix can play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Meisenbichler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E. Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Wang Y, Tang H, Gao C, Ge M, Li Z, Dong Z, Zhao L. Flexibility-aware graph model for accurate epitope identification. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:106064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Zettl I, Ivanova T, Strobl MR, Weichwald C, Goryainova O, Khan E, Rutovskaya MV, Focke‐Tejkl M, Drescher A, Bohle B, Flicker S, Tillib SV. Isolation of nanobodies with potential to reduce patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1. Allergy 2022; 77:1751-1760. [PMID: 34837242 DOI: 10.1111/all.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that a single injection of human monoclonal allergen-specific IgG antibodies significantly reduced allergic symptoms in birch pollen-allergic patients. Since the production of full monoclonal antibodies in sufficient amounts is laborious and expensive, we sought to investigate if smaller recombinant allergen-specific antibody fragments, that is, nanobodies, have similar protective potential. For this purpose, nanobodies specific for Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, were generated to evaluate their efficacy to inhibit IgE-mediated responses. METHODS A cDNA-VHH library was constructed from a camel immunized with Bet v 1 and screened for Bet v 1 binders encoding sequences by phage display. Selected nanobodies were expressed, purified, and analyzed in regards of epitope-specificity and affinity to Bet v 1. Furthermore, cross-reactivity to Bet v 1-homologues from alder, hazel and apple, and their usefulness to inhibit IgE binding and allergen-induced basophil activation were investigated. RESULTS We isolated three nanobodies that recognize Bet v 1 with high affinity and cross-react with Aln g 1 (alder) and Cor a 1 (hazel). Their epitopes were mapped to the alpha-helix at the C-terminus of Bet v 1. All nanobodies inhibited allergic patients' polyclonal IgE binding to Bet v 1, Aln g 1, and Cor a 1 and partially suppressed Bet v 1-induced basophil activation. CONCLUSION We identified high-affinity Bet v 1-specific nanobodies that recognize an important IgE epitope and reduce allergen-induced basophil activation revealing the first proof that allergen-specific nanobodies are useful tools for future treatment of pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zettl
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Maria R. Strobl
- Division of Experimental Allergology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christina Weichwald
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Evgenia Khan
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Marina V. Rutovskaya
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Barbara Bohle
- Division of Experimental Allergology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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11
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Hasan-Abad AM, Mohammadi M, Mirzaei H, Mehrabi M, Motedayyen H, Arefnezhad R. Impact of oligomerization on the allergenicity of allergens. Clin Mol Allergy 2022; 20:5. [PMID: 35488339 PMCID: PMC9052586 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-022-00172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) is an unsuitable or overreactive immune response to an allergen due to cross-link immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies bound to its high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs) on effector cells. It is needless to say that at least two epitopes on allergens are required to the successful and effective cross-linking. There are some reports pointing to small proteins with only one IgE epitope could cross-link FcεRI-bound IgE through homo-oligomerization which provides two same IgE epitopes. Therefore, oligomerization of allergens plays an indisputable role in the allergenic feature and stability of allergens. In this regard, we review the signaling capacity of the B cell receptor (BCR) complex and cross-linking of FcεRI which results in the synthesis of allergen-specific IgE. This review also discusses the protein-protein interactions involved in the oligomerization of allergens and provide some explanations about the oligomerization of some well-known allergens, such as calcium-binding allergens, Alt a 1, Bet v 1, Der p 1, Per a3, and Fel d 1, along with the effects of their concentrations on dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Moradi Hasan-Abad
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Hazebrouck S, Canon N, Dreskin SC. The Effector Function of Allergens. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:818732. [PMID: 35386644 PMCID: PMC8974742 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.818732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergens are antigens that generate an IgE response (sensitization) in susceptible individuals. The allergenicity of an allergen can be thought of in terms of its ability to sensitize as well as its ability to cross-link IgE/IgE receptor complexes on mast cells and basophils leading to release of preformed and newly formed mediators (effector activity). The identity of the allergens responsible for sensitization may be different from those that elicit an allergic response. Effector activity is determined by (1) the amount of specific IgE (sIgE) and in some circumstances the ratio of sIgE to total IgE, (2) the number of high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεR1) on the cell surface, (3) the affinity of binding of sIgE for its epitope and, in a polyclonal response, the collective avidity, (4) the number and spatial relationships of IgE binding epitopes on the allergen and (5) the presence of IgG that can bind to allergen and either block binding of sIgE and/or activate low affinity IgG receptors that activate intracellular inhibitory pathways. This review will discuss these important immunologic and physical properties that contribute to the effector activity of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hazebrouck
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Canon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen C. Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen C. Dreskin
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13
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Atanasio A, Franklin MC, Kamat V, Hernandez AR, Badithe A, Ben LH, Jones J, Bautista J, Yancopoulos GD, Olson W, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. Targeting immunodominant Bet v 1 epitopes with monoclonal antibodies prevents the birch allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:200-211. [PMID: 34126155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the major cat allergen, Fel d 1, with mAbs was effective in preventing an acute cat allergic response. OBJECTIVES This study sought to extend the allergen-specific antibody approach and demonstrate that a combination of mAbs targeting Bet v 1, the immunodominant and most abundant allergenic protein in birch pollen, can prevent the birch allergic response. METHODS Bet v 1-specific mAbs, REGN5713, REGN5714, and REGN5715, were isolated using the VelocImmune platform. Surface plasmon resonance, x-ray crystallography, and cryo-electron microscopy determined binding kinetics and structural data. Inhibition of IgE-binding, basophil activation, and mast cell degranulation were assessed via blocking ELISA, flow cytometry, and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model. RESULTS REGN5713, REGN5714, and REGN5715 bind with high affinity and noncompetitively to Bet v 1. A cocktail of all 3 antibodies, REGN5713/14/15, blocks IgE binding to Bet v 1 and inhibits Bet v 1- and birch pollen extract-induced basophil activation ex vivo and mast cell degranulation in vivo. Crystal structures of the complex of Bet v 1 with immunoglobulin antigen-binding fragments of REGN5713 or REGN5715 show distinct interaction sites on Bet v 1. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a planar and roughly symmetrical complex formed by REGN5713/14/15 bound to Bet v 1. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm the immunodominance of Bet v 1 in birch allergy and demonstrate blockade of the birch allergic response with REGN5713/14/15. Structural analyses show simultaneous binding of REGN5713, REGN5714, and REGN5715 with substantial areas of Bet v 1 exposed, suggesting that targeting specific epitopes is sufficient to block the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY
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14
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Schmalz S, Mayr V, Shosherova A, Gepp B, Ackerbauer D, Sturm G, Bohle B, Breiteneder H, Radauer C. Isotype-specific binding patterns of serum antibodies to multiple conformational epitopes of Bet v 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1786-1794.e12. [PMID: 34740603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen is an important elicitor of respiratory allergy. The major allergen, Bet v 1, binds IgE exclusively via conformational epitopes. OBJECTIVE To identify Bet v 1-specific epitope repertoires of IgE and IgG from birch pollen-allergic and non-allergic subjects. METHODS Chimeric proteins were created by grafting individual epitope-sized, contiguous surface patches of Bet v 1 onto a non-allergenic structural homologue and expressed in Escherichia coli. Binding of IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 from sera of 30 birch pollen-allergic and 11 non-allergic subjects to Bet v 1, 13 chimeric proteins and four bacterial Bet v 1 homologues were measured by ELISA. The proportion of epitope-specific in total Bet v 1-specific IgE and the cross-reactivity of Bet v 1-specific IgE with bacterial homologues were determined by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Thirteen soluble, correctly folded chimeric proteins were produced. IgE from 27/30 birch pollen-allergic patients bound to 1-12 chimeric proteins (median 4.0) with patient-specific patterns. Three chimeras binding IgE from the majority of sera were identified, whose pgrafted patches overlapped with previously published epitopes. Patterns of IgG1 and IgG4 binding to the chimeric proteins did not correspond to the binding patterns of IgE. Sera of 19/30 birch pollen-allergic patients contained low amounts of IgE to bacterial homologues. Bacterial proteins were able to partially inhibit IgE binding to Bet v 1. CONCLUSION Epitopes recognized by Bet v 1-specific antibodies from birch pollen-allergic patients are specific to each patient and differ between IgE, IgG1 and IgG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schmalz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mayr
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Shosherova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Gepp
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Daniela Ackerbauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunter Sturm
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Orozco-Navarrete B, Kaczmarska Z, Dupeux F, Garrido-Arandia M, Pott D, Perales AD, Casañal A, Márquez JA, Valpuesta V, Merchante C. Structural Bases for the Allergenicity of Fra a 1.02 in Strawberry Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10951-10961. [PMID: 31774998 PMCID: PMC7644122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although strawberries are highly appreciated fruits, their intake can induce allergic reactions in atopic patients. These reactions can be due to the patient's previous sensitization to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, by which IgE generated in response to Bet v 1 cross-reacts with the structurally related strawberry Fra a 1 protein family. Fra a 1.02 is the most expressed paralog in ripe strawberries and is highly allergenic. To better understand the molecular mechanisms regulating this allergic response, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of Fra a 1.02 and four site-directed mutants that were designed based on their positions in potential epitopes. Fra a 1.02 and mutants conform to the START fold. We show that the cross-reactivity of all the mutant variants to IgE from patients allergic to Bet v 1 was significantly reduced without altering the conserved structural fold, so that they could potentially be used as hypoallergenic Fra a 1 variants for the generation of vaccines against strawberry allergy in atopic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Orozco-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Zuzanna Kaczmarska
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 12-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Florine Dupeux
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Delphine Pott
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli Díaz Perales
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Casañal
- Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England
| | - José A Márquez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Catharina Merchante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
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16
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Aglas L, Bethanis A, Chrusciel P, Stolz F, Gruen M, Jaakkola UM, Jongejan L, Yatkin E, Van Ree R. In vivo Induction of Functional Inhibitory IgG Antibodies by a Hypoallergenic Bet v 1 Variant. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2118. [PMID: 33013894 PMCID: PMC7494741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic sensitization to the major allergen Bet v 1 represents the dominating factor inducing a vast variety of allergic symptoms in birch pollen allergic patients worldwide, including the pollen food allergy syndrome. In order to overcome the huge socio-economic burden associated with allergic diseases, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) as a curative strategy to manage the disease was introduced. Still, many hurdles related to this treatment exist making AIT not the patients’ first choice. To improve the current situation, the development of hypoallergen-based drug products has raised attention in the last decade. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of the novel AIT candidate BM4, a hypoallergenic variant of Bet v 1, to induce treatment-relevant cross-reactive Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies in two different mammals, Wistar rats and New Zealand White rabbits. We further analyzed the cross-reactivity of BM4-induced Wistar rat antibodies with the birch pollen-associated food allergens Mal d 1 and Cor a 1, and the functional capability of the induced antibodies to act as IgE-blocking IgG antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the titers of rat IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgE, as well as rabbit IgG and IgE antibodies. To address the functional relevance of the induced IgG antibodies, the capacity of rat sera to suppress binding of human IgE to Bet v 1 was investigated by using an inhibition ELISA and an IgE-facilitated allergen-binding inhibition assay. We found that the treatment with BM4 induced elevated Bet v 1-specific IgG antibody titers in both mammalian species. In Wistar rats, high BM4-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b titers (104 to 106) were induced, which cross-reacted with wild-type Bet v 1, and the homologous allergens Mal d 1 and Cor a 1. Rat allergen-specific IgG antibodies sustained upon treatment discontinuation. Sera of rats immunized with BM4 were able to significantly suppress binding of human IgE to the wild-type allergens and CD23-mediated human IgE-facilitated Bet v 1 binding on B cells. By contrast, treatment-induced IgE antibody levels were low or undetectable. In summary, BM4 induced a robust IgG immune response that efficiently blocked human IgE-binding to wild-type allergens, underscoring its potential therapeutic value in AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Frank Stolz
- Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Gruen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ronald Van Ree
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Mikus M, Zandian A, Sjöberg R, Hamsten C, Forsström B, Andersson M, Greiff L, Uhlén M, Levin M, Nilsson P, van Hage M, Ohlin M. Allergome-wide peptide microarrays enable epitope deconvolution in allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1077-1086. [PMID: 32791163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of allergens and allergen-specific IgE initiates the allergic cascade after crosslinking of receptors on effector cells. Antibodies of other isotypes may modulate such a reaction. Receptor crosslinking requires binding of antibodies to multiple epitopes on the allergen. Limited information is available on the complexity of the epitope structure of most allergens. OBJECTIVES We sought to allow description of the complexity of IgE, IgG4, and IgG epitope recognition at a global, allergome-wide level during allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). METHODS We generated an allergome-wide microarray comprising 731 allergens in the form of more than 172,000 overlapping 16-mer peptides. Allergen recognition by IgE, IgG4, and IgG was examined in serum samples collected from subjects undergoing AIT against pollen allergy. RESULTS Extensive induction of linear peptide-specific Phl p 1- and Bet v 1-specific humoral immunity was demonstrated in subjects undergoing a 3-year-long AIT against grass and birch pollen allergy, respectively. Epitope profiles differed between subjects but were largely established already after 1 year of AIT, suggesting that dominant allergen-specific antibody clones remained as important contributors to humoral immunity following their initial establishment during the early phase of AIT. Complex, subject-specific patterns of allergen isoform and group cross-reactivities in the repertoires were observed, patterns that may indicate different levels of protection against different allergen sources. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the complexity and subject-specific nature of allergen epitopes recognized following AIT. We envisage that epitope deconvolution will be an important aspect of future efforts to describe and analyze the outcomes of AIT in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mikus
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology & SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arash Zandian
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology & SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald Sjöberg
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology & SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Hamsten
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Forsström
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology & SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgan Andersson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Greiff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology & SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Levin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology & SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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18
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Köhler VK, Crescioli S, Fazekas-Singer J, Bax HJ, Hofer G, Pranger CL, Hufnagl K, Bianchini R, Flicker S, Keller W, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-Jarolim E. Filling the Antibody Pipeline in Allergy: PIPE Cloning of IgE, IgG 1 and IgG 4 against the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5693. [PMID: 32784509 PMCID: PMC7460837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Birch pollen allergy is among the most prevalent pollen allergies in Northern and Central Europe. This IgE-mediated disease can be treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which typically gives rise to IgG antibodies inducing tolerance. Although the main mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are known, questions regarding possible Fc-mediated effects of IgG antibodies remain unanswered. This can mainly be attributed to the unavailability of appropriate tools, i.e., well-characterised recombinant antibodies (rAbs). We hereby aimed at providing human rAbs of several classes for mechanistic studies and as possible candidates for passive immunotherapy. We engineered IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 using Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE) cloning. We tested IgE functionality and IgG blocking capabilities using appropriate model cell lines. In vitro studies showed IgE engagement with FcεRI and CD23 and Bet v 1-dependent degranulation. Overall, we hereby present fully functional, human IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against Bet v 1 and showcase possible applications in first mechanistic studies. Furthermore, our IgG antibodies might be useful candidates for passive immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Köhler
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gerhard Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Christina L. Pranger
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Pedrosa M, Guerrero‐Sanchez VM, Canales‐Bueno N, Loli‐Ausejo D, Castillejo MÁ, Quirce S, Jorrin‐Novo JV, Rodriguez‐Perez R. Quercus ilexpollen allergen, Que i 1, responsible for pollen food allergy syndrome caused by fruits in Spanish allergic patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:815-823. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Pedrosa
- Department of Allergy La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz) Madrid Spain
| | - Víctor M. Guerrero‐Sanchez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Ángeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús V. Jorrin‐Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
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Ren L, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Li K, Yuan J, Li X, Yang A, Tong P, Chen H. Polyphenol-oxidase-catalyzed cross-linking of Ara h 2: reaction sites and effect on structure and allergenicity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:308-314. [PMID: 31525267 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is among the most common of food allergies, and one of its allergens is Ara h 2. A previous study revealed that this allergen was recognized by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in over 90% of a peanut-allergic patient population. Enzymatic cross-linking is a popular processing method used to tailor food functionality, such as antigenicity. RESULT The cross-linking reactions of Ara h 2 were catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and the relevant reaction sites were identified using mass spectrometry and StavroX software. Two pairs of intramolecular cross-linking peptides and two intermolecular cross-linking peptides were found. Intramolecular cross-linking was speculated to occur between ARG131 (amino acids 116-131) and TYR65 (amino acids 63-80) and between TYR60 (amino acids 56-62) and ARG92 (amino acids 92-102); the intermolecular cross-linking sites were ARG31 with TYR84 or TYR89 and TYR65 or TYR72 with ARG92 or ARG102 . Three out of four cross-linking peptides were found in α-helices, and destruction of this secondary structure resulted in a loose tertiary structure. Although seven linear allergen epitopes were involved in cross-linking, the IgE binding capacity of protein changed slightly, while its sensitization potential decreased in mouse model. CONCLUSION Exploring the structural change of Ara h 2 after cross-linking is beneficial in further understanding the influence of structure on sensitization. This result indicated the future possibility of precision processing on structure of proteins to improve their properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food Jing Brand Bio-medicine Co Ltd, Huangshi, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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He Y, Dou C, Su Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Chen J, Ji K. Identification of Der f 23 as a new major allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1270-1278. [PMID: 31173194 PMCID: PMC6625430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
House dust mites (HDM) are common allergen sources worldwide. At present, 32 of the 37 internationally recognized HDM allergen groups have been identified in Dermatophagoides farinae. The present study study describes the identification of the first known D. farinae Group 23 allergen (Der f 23). Recombinant Der f 23 protein (rDer f 23) was cloned, expressed and purified. The open reading frame of rDer f 23 was 525 base pairs and encoded a 174-amino acid protein (GenBank accession no., KU166910.1). ELISAs indicated that 72/129 HDM allergic serum samples (55.8%) had specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) binding activity to rDer f 23. Additionally, 3/10 patients with HDM allergies (30%) exhibited positive skin prick test reactions to rDer f 23. IgE western blot analysis data suggested that only 4/11 HDM allergic sera had a positive sIgE binding result. Sequence homology analysis revealed an extra P2 region (Ser56-Thr117) in Der f 23 that was not present in the D. pteronyssinus homolog, which may affect sIgE binding. Der f 23ΔP2 demonstrated binding with HDM allergic sera, whereas the P2 peptide alone did not. The sIgE binding ability of Der f 23 ΔP2 (Der f 23 with a truncated P2 region) was more marked compared with that of Der f 23 in an IgE ELISA. These data indicate that P2 region in Der f 23 attenuates IgE binding ability. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that Der f 23 is a major HDM allergen with predominantly conformational sIgE binding epitopes. The allergenic identification of Der f 23 and its inclusion in World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies database contributes to the theoretical basis underlying the diagnosis and treatment of HDM allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshen He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Chuanran Dou
- Shenzhen Vanke Meisha Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Su
- The Affiliated International School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Kunmei Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
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Kratzer B, Köhler C, Hofer S, Smole U, Trapin D, Iturri J, Pum D, Kienzl P, Elbe-Bürger A, Gattinger P, Mittermann I, Linhart B, Gadermaier G, Jahn-Schmid B, Neunkirchner A, Valenta R, Pickl WF. Prevention of allergy by virus-like nanoparticles (VNP) delivering shielded versions of major allergens in a humanized murine allergy model. Allergy 2019; 74:246-260. [PMID: 30035810 PMCID: PMC6587790 DOI: 10.1111/all.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In high‐risk populations, allergen‐specific prophylaxis could protect from sensitization and subsequent development of allergic disease. However, such treatment might itself induce sensitization and allergies, thus requiring hypoallergenic vaccine formulations. We here characterized the preventive potential of virus‐like nanoparticles (VNP) expressing surface‐exposed or shielded allergens. Methods Full‐length major mugwort pollen allergen Art v 1 was selectively targeted either to the surface or to the inner side of the lipid bilayer envelope of VNP. Upon biochemical and immunological analysis, their preventive potential was determined in a humanized mouse model of mugwort pollen allergy. Results Virus‐like nanoparticles expressing shielded version of Art v 1, in contrast to those expressing surface‐exposed Art v 1, were hypoallergenic as they hardly induced degranulation of rat basophil leukemia cells sensitized with Art v 1‐specific mouse or human IgE. Both VNP versions induced proliferation and cytokine production of allergen‐specific T cells in vitro. Upon intranasal application in mice, VNP expressing surface‐exposed but not shielded allergen induced allergen‐specific antibodies, including IgE. Notably, preventive treatment with VNP expressing shielded allergen‐protected mice from subsequent sensitization with mugwort pollen extract. Protection was associated with a Th1/Treg‐dominated cytokine response, increased Foxp3+ Treg numbers in lungs, and reduced lung resistance when compared to mice treated with empty particles. Conclusion Virus‐like nanoparticles represent a novel and versatile platform for the in vivo delivery of allergens to selectively target T cells and prevent allergies without inducing allergic reactions or allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Cordula Köhler
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Hofer
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Jagoba Iturri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology; Institute for Biophysics; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Department of Nanobiotechnology; Institute for Biophysics; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Philip Kienzl
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Adelheid Elbe-Bürger
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Biosciences; University of Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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23
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Does clinical outcome of birch pollen immunotherapy relate to induction of blocking antibodies preventing IgE from allergen binding? A pilot study monitoring responses during first year of AIT. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 30338052 PMCID: PMC6174570 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical benefit of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) involves induction of blocking antibodies. It is not clear if these antibodies function via steric hindrance alone or a combination of levels, avidities, and epitope specificities, and clinical outcome cannot be predicted. We aim to in-depth characterize serum antibody profiles during birch pollen AIT, investigate therapy-induced antibodies for their capacity to block IgE binding to Bet v 1 and correlate data with clinical outcomes. Methods Immune responses of five birch pollen allergic patients were monitored during the first year of AIT by nasal provocation tests (NPTs), ImmunoCAP, immunoblots, direct and avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, mediator release assays, facilitated antigen binding (FAB) assays, and inhibition mediator release assays. Results There was no correlation between NPT results and therapy-induced changes in levels (IgE, IgG, IgA, IgM), avidities, or mediator release potency of Bet v 1-specific antibodies. In FAB assays, blocking antibodies initiated upon AIT were shown to prevent formation of Bet v 1-IgE complexes of an indicator serum pool and significantly correlated with clinical readout. Inhibition mediator release assays using patient-specific IgE for passive sensitization revealed therapy-induced blocking capacities with very good correlation to NPT results. Notably, this assay was the only one to detect a non-responder during treatment in this pilot study. Conclusions Clinical outcome of AIT depends on induction of blocking antibodies able to prevent the patient’s own IgE from allergen binding. Monitoring of clinical efficacy seems to be best achieved using the inhibition mediator release assay, as development of relevant blocking antibodies can be verified in a patient-tailored manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13601-018-0226-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Bautista J, Badithe A, Olson W, Liu Y. Epitope Mapping by HDX-MS Elucidates the Surface Coverage of Antigens Associated with High Blocking Efficiency of Antibodies to Birch Pollen Allergen. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11315-11323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Janice Yang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Joannie Bautista
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Ashok Badithe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Yashu Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
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Goldblum RM, Madagoda-Desilva RS, Zhang Y, van Bavel J, Midoro-Horiuti T. Molecular patterns in the isotype-specific antibody responses to the major cedar aeroallergen Jun a 1. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:527-530. [PMID: 30170300 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of the immune responses in allergic rhinitis have focused on IgE antibodies to mixtures of allergenic proteins. Based on our previous studies of the major mountain cedar allergen Jun a 1, we sought to describe a broader assessment of the humoral immune responses to a single, dominant allergen, in three groups of allergic subjects, all of whom had similarly exposures to the whole cedar pollen. The major outcomes of this study was that, with the onset of allergic rhinitis symptoms, and after treatment with immunotherapy, serum IgE and IgG (but not IgA) antibodies to Jun a 1 increased. Interestingly, both IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the Jun a 1 allergen were strongly focused on its conformation epitopes. These IgG antibodies to conformationalstructures may be a useful marker of the therapeutic response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall M Goldblum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| | - Rumali S Madagoda-Desilva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| | - Julius van Bavel
- Isis Clinical Research, LLC., 6836 Austin Center Blvd Ste 180, Austin, TX 78731, USA.
| | - Terumi Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
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Gadermaier E, Marth K, Lupinek C, Campana R, Hofer G, Blatt K, Smiljkovic D, Roder U, Focke-Tejkl M, Vrtala S, Keller W, Valent P, Valenta R, Flicker S. Isolation of a high-affinity Bet v 1-specific IgG-derived ScFv from a subject vaccinated with hypoallergenic Bet v 1 fragments. Allergy 2018; 73:1425-1435. [PMID: 29315611 PMCID: PMC6032869 DOI: 10.1111/all.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives have been used in clinical immunotherapy studies, and clinical efficacy seems to be related to the induction of blocking IgG antibodies recognizing the wild‐type allergens. However, so far no treatment‐induced IgG antibodies have been characterized. Objective To clone, express, and characterize IgG antibodies induced by vaccination with two hypoallergenic recombinant fragments of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1 in a nonallergic subject. Methods A phage‐displayed combinatorial single‐chain fragment (ScFv) library was constructed from blood of the immunized subject and screened for Bet v 1‐reactive antibody fragments. ScFvs were tested for specificity and cross‐reactivity to native Bet v 1 and related pollen and food allergens, and epitope mapping was performed. Germline ancestor genes of the antibody were analyzed with the ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) database. The affinity to Bet v 1 and cross‐reactive allergens was determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. The ability to inhibit patients’ IgE binding to ELISA plate‐bound allergens and allergen‐induced basophil activation was assessed. Results A combinatorial ScFv library was obtained from the vaccinated donor after three injections with the Bet v 1 fragments. Despite being almost in germline configuration, ScFv (clone H3‐1) reacted with high affinity to native Bet v 1 and homologous allergens, inhibited allergic patients’ polyclonal IgE binding to Bet v 1, and partially suppressed allergen‐induced basophil activation. Conclusion Immunization with unfolded hypoallergenic allergen derivatives induces high‐affinity antibodies even in nonallergic subjects which recognize the folded wild‐type allergens and inhibit polyclonal IgE binding of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gadermaier
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Marth
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Campana
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - G. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; BioTechMed, University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - D. Smiljkovic
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - U. Roder
- GE Healthcare Europe GmbH; Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - W. Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; BioTechMed, University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia; Moscow Russia
| | - S. Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Brier S, Le Mignon M, Jain K, Lebrun C, Peurois F, Kellenberger C, Bordas-Le Floch V, Mascarell L, Nony E, Moingeon P. Characterization of epitope specificities of reference antibodies used for the quantification of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Allergy 2018; 73:1032-1040. [PMID: 29171882 DOI: 10.1111/all.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate allergen quantification is needed to document the consistency of allergen extracts used for immunotherapy. Herein, we characterize the epitope specificities of two monoclonal antibodies used in an ELISA for the quantification of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, established as a reference by the BSP090 European project. METHODS The ability of mAbs 5B4 and 6H4 to recognize Bet v 1 isoforms was addressed by immunochromatography. The capacity of each mAb to compete with patients' IgE for binding to Bet v 1 was measured by ELISA inhibition. Epitope mapping was performed by pepscan analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The 5B4 epitope corresponds to a peptide sequence (I56-K68) overlapping with the binding sites of patients' serum IgEs. Mutation of residues P59, E60, and K65 abolishes 5B4 binding to Bet v 1 and reduces the level of IgE recognition. In contrast, 6H4 recognizes a conformational epitope lying opposite to the 5B4 binding site, involving residues located in segments I44-K55 and R70-F79. Substitution of E45 reduces the binding capacity of 6H4, confirming that it is critical for the interaction. Both mAbs interact with >90% of Bet v 1 content present in the birch pollen extract, while displaying a weak cross-reactivity with other allergens of the PR-10 family. CONCLUSIONS MAbs 5B4 and 6H4 recognize structurally distinct epitopes present in the vast majority of Bet v 1 isoforms. These results support the relevance as a reference method of the Bet v 1-specific quantitative ELISA adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Brier
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - M. Le Mignon
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - K. Jain
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - C. Lebrun
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - F. Peurois
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | | | | | - L. Mascarell
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - E. Nony
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - P. Moingeon
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Flicker S, Linhart B, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Eckl-Dorna J, Lupinek C, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Garib V, Khaitov M, Valent P, Pickl WF. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:195-256. [PMID: 29731005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immune disorder. More than 30% of the population suffer from symptoms of allergy which are often severe, disabling, and life threatening such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Population-based birth cohort studies show that up to 60% of the world population exhibit IgE sensitization to allergens, of which most are protein antigens. Thirty years ago the first allergen-encoding cDNAs have been isolated. In the meantime, the structures of most of the allergens relevant for disease in humans have been solved. Here we provide an update regarding what has been learned through the use of defined allergen molecules (i.e., molecular allergology) and about mechanisms of allergic disease in humans. We focus on new insights gained regarding the process of sensitization to allergens, allergen-specific secondary immune responses, and mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation and discuss open questions. We then show how molecular forms of diagnosis and specific immunotherapy are currently revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients and how allergen-specific approaches may be used for the preventive eradication of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch-Marat
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Li X, Yuan S, Huang M, Gao J, Wu Z, Tong P, Yang A, Chen H. Identification of IgE and IgG epitopes on native Bos d 4 allergen specific to allergic children. Food Funct 2018; 7:2996-3005. [PMID: 27273451 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) is one of the major allergens in cow's milk. However, research on its conformational epitopes has been relatively limited. In our study, specific antibodies against cow's milk ALA were purified from eight children by two-step affinity chromatography. Subsequently, mimotopes against IgG and IgE were biopanned from Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C, respectively. Based on the mimotopes, linear epitopes were defined with the UniProt alignment tool. Conformational epitopes were computed using the Pepitope Server. Six IgE and seven IgG linear epitopes were identified. Meanwhile, five IgE and three IgG conformational epitopes were revealed with PyMOL. The results showed that common residues were identified in both IgE and IgG epitopes and some residues of the conformational epitopes were composed of linear epitopes on bovine α-lactalbumin. The results indicated that the data could be used for developing hypoallergenic dairy products on the basis of epitopes and providing a diagnostic tool for the assessment of patients who are allergic to cow's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China
| | - Shuilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China
| | - Meijia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China.
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China.
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China and Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R.China.
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Jin Y, He X, Andoh‐Kumi K, Fraser RZ, Lu M, Goodman RE. Evaluating Potential Risks of Food Allergy and Toxicity of Soy Leghemoglobin Expressed in Pichia pastoris. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:1700297. [PMID: 28921896 PMCID: PMC5813221 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The Soybean (Glycine max) leghemoglobin c2 (LegHb) gene was introduced into Pichia pastoris yeast for sustainable production of a heme-carrying protein, for organoleptic use in plant-based meat. The potential allergenicity and toxicity of LegHb and 17 Pichia host-proteins each representing ≥1% of total protein in production batches are evaluated by literature review, bioinformatics sequence comparisons to known allergens or toxins, and in vitro pepsin digestion. METHODS AND RESULTS Literature searches found no evidence of allergenicity or toxicity for these proteins. There are no significant sequence matches of LegHb to known allergens or toxins. Eleven Pichia proteins have modest identity matches to minor environmental allergens and 13 Pichia proteins have significant matches to proteins from toxic sources. Yet the matched allergens and toxins have similar matches to proteins from the commonly consumed yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, without evidence of food allergy or toxicity. The demonstrated history of safe use indicates additional tests for allergenicity and toxicity are not needed. The LegHb and Pichia sp. proteins were rapidly digested by pepsin at pH 2. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that foods containing recombinant soy LegHb produced in Pichia sp. are unlikely to present an unacceptable risk of allergenicity or toxicity to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- Food Allergy Research and Resource ProgramDept. of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Xiaoyun He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kwame Andoh‐Kumi
- Food Allergy Research and Resource ProgramDept. of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Mei Lu
- Food Allergy Research and Resource ProgramDept. of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Richard E. Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource ProgramDept. of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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Clustering of conformational IgE epitopes on the major dog allergen Can f 1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12135. [PMID: 28939849 PMCID: PMC5610169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy affects more than 25% of the population. Can f 1 is the major dog allergen associated with respiratory symptoms but the epitopes recognized by allergic patients IgE on Can f 1 are unknown. To characterize IgE epitopes of Can f 1 recognized by dog allergic patients, six overlapping peptides spanning the Can f 1 sequence were synthesized. In direct IgE epitope mapping experiments peptides were analyzed for IgE reactivity by dot blot and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with sera from dog allergic patients. For indirect epitope-mapping, rabbits were immunized with the peptides to generate specific IgG antibodies which were used to inhibit allergic patients’ IgE binding to Can f 1. IgE binding sites were visualized on a model of the Can f 1 three-dimensional structure. We found that Can f 1 does not contain any relevant sequential IgE epitopes. However, IgE inhibition experiments with anti-peptide specific IgGs showed that Can f 1 N- and C-terminal portion assembled a major conformational binding site. In conclusion, our study is the first to identify the major IgE epitope-containing area of the dog allergen Can f 1. This finding is important for the development of allergen-specific treatment strategies.
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Jin Y, Goodman RE, Tetteh AO, Lu M, Tripathi L. Bioinformatics analysis to assess potential risks of allergenicity and toxicity of HRAP and PFLP proteins in genetically modified bananas resistant to Xanthomonas wilt disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:81-89. [PMID: 28830835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) disease threatens banana production and food security throughout East Africa. Natural resistance is lacking among common cultivars. Genetically modified (GM) bananas resistant to BXW disease were developed by inserting the hypersensitive response-assisting protein (Hrap) or/and the plant ferredoxin-like protein (Pflp) gene(s) from sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum). Several of these GM banana events showed 100% resistance to BXW disease under field conditions in Uganda. The current study evaluated the potential allergenicity and toxicity of the expressed proteins HRAP and PFLP based on evaluation of published information on the history of safe use of the natural source of the proteins as well as established bioinformatics sequence comparison methods to known allergens (www.AllergenOnline.org and NCBI Protein) and toxins (NCBI Protein). The results did not identify potential risks of allergy and toxicity to either HRAP or PFLP proteins expressed in the GM bananas that might suggest potential health risks to humans. We recognize that additional tests including stability of these proteins in pepsin assay, nutrient analysis and possibly an acute rodent toxicity assay may be required by national regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, 1901 North 21st Street, P.O. Box 886207, Lincoln, NE 68588-6207, USA
| | - Richard E Goodman
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, 1901 North 21st Street, P.O. Box 886207, Lincoln, NE 68588-6207, USA
| | - Afua O Tetteh
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, 1901 North 21st Street, P.O. Box 886207, Lincoln, NE 68588-6207, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, 1901 North 21st Street, P.O. Box 886207, Lincoln, NE 68588-6207, USA
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Abstract
Proteomics encompasses a variety of approaches unraveling both the structural features, post-translational modifications, and abundance of proteins. As of today, proteomic studies have shed light on the primary structure of about 850 allergens, enabling the design of microarrays for improved molecular diagnosis. Proteomic methods including mass spectrometry allow as well to investigate protein-protein interactions, thus yielding precise information on critical epitopes on the surface of allergens. Mass spectrometry is now being applied to the unambiguous identification, characterization, and comprehensive quantification of allergens in a variety of matrices, as diverse as food samples and allergen immunotherapy drug products. As such, it represents a method of choice for quality testing of allergen immunotherapy products.
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Yang Y, Zhang YX, Liu M, Maleki SJ, Zhang ML, Liu QM, Cao MJ, Su WJ, Liu GM. Triosephosphate Isomerase and Filamin C Share Common Epitopes as Novel Allergens of Procambarus clarkii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:950-963. [PMID: 28072528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and has been identified as an allergen in saltwater products. In this study, TIM with a molecular mass of 28 kDa was purified from the freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) muscle. A 90-kDa protein that showed IgG/IgE cross-reactivity with TIM was purified and identified as filamin C (FLN c), which is an actin-binding protein. TIM showed similar thermal and pH stability with better digestion resistance compared with FLN c. The result of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiment demonstrated the infinity of anti-TIM polyclonal antibody (pAb) to both TIM and FLN c. Five linear and 3 conformational epitopes of TIM, as well as 9 linear and 10 conformational epitopes of FLN c, were mapped by phage display. Epitopes of TIM and FLN c demonstrated the sharing of certain residues; the occurrence of common epitopes in the two allergens accounts for their cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yong-Xia Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Soheila J Maleki
- Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture , New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Ming-Li Zhang
- Xiamen Second Hospital , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Wen-Jin Su
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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Havenith H, Kern K, Rautenberger P, Spiegel H, Szardenings M, Ueberham E, Lehmann J, Buntru M, Vogel S, Treudler R, Fischer R, Schillberg S. Combination of two epitope identification techniques enables the rational design of soy allergen Gly m 4 mutants. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 27906504 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Detailed IgE-binding epitope analysis is a key requirement for the understanding and development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to address food allergies. An IgE-specific linear peptide microarray with random phage peptide display for the high-resolution mapping of IgE-binding epitopes of the major soybean allergen Gly m 4, which is a homologue to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 is combined. Three epitopes are identified and mapped to a resolution of four key amino acids, allowing the rational design and the production of three Gly m 4 mutants with the aim to abolish or reduce the binding of epitope-specific IgE. In ELISA, the binding of the mutant allergens to polyclonal rabbit-anti Gly m 4 serum as well as IgE purified from Gly m 4-reactive soybean allergy patient sera is reduced by up to 63% compared to the wild-type allergen. Basophil stimulation experiments using RBL-SX38 cells loaded with patient IgE are showed a decreased stimulation from 25% for the wild-type Gly m 4 to 13% for one mutant. The presented approach demonstrates the feasibility of precise mapping of allergy-related IgE-binding epitopes, allowing the rational design of less allergenic mutants as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Havenith
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Kern
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Rautenberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Elke Ueberham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Buntru
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Vogel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Clinic, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
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Narayanan M, Freidl R, Focke-Tejkl M, Baranyi U, Wekerle T, Valenta R, Linhart B. A B Cell Epitope Peptide Derived from the Major Grass Pollen Allergen Phl p 1 Boosts Allergen-Specific Secondary Antibody Responses without Allergen-Specific T Cell Help. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1685-1695. [PMID: 28093528 PMCID: PMC5292585 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 40% of allergic patients suffer from grass pollen allergy. Phl p 1, the major timothy grass pollen allergen, belongs to the cross-reactive group 1 grass pollen allergens that are thought to initiate allergic sensitization to grass pollen. Repeated allergen encounter boosts allergen-specific IgE production and enhances clinical sensitivity in patients. To investigate immunological mechanisms underlying the boosting of allergen-specific secondary IgE Ab responses and the allergen epitopes involved, a murine model for Phl p 1 was established. A B cell epitope–derived peptide of Phl p 1 devoid of allergen-specific T cell epitopes, as recognized by BALB/c mice, was fused to an allergen-unrelated carrier in the form of a recombinant fusion protein and used for sensitization. This fusion protein allowed the induction of allergen-specific IgE Ab responses without allergen-specific T cell help. Allergen-specific Ab responses were subsequently boosted with molecules containing the B cell epitope–derived peptide without carrier or linked to other allergen-unrelated carriers. Oligomeric peptide bound to a carrier different from that which had been used for sensitization boosted allergen-specific secondary IgE responses without a detectable allergen-specific T cell response. Our results indicate that allergen-specific secondary IgE Ab responses can be boosted by repetitive B cell epitopes without allergen-specific T cell help by cross-linking of the B cell epitope receptor. This finding has important implications for the design of new allergy vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Narayanan
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Raphaela Freidl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Ulrike Baranyi
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
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Groh N, von Loetzen CS, Subbarayal B, Möbs C, Vogel L, Hoffmann A, Fötisch K, Koutsouridou A, Randow S, Völker E, Seutter von Loetzen A, Rösch P, Vieths S, Pfützner W, Bohle B, Schiller D. IgE and allergen-specific immunotherapy-induced IgG 4 recognize similar epitopes of Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:693-703. [PMID: 27770477 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) with birch pollen generates Bet v 1-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 which blocks IgE-mediated hypersensitivity mechanisms. Whether IgG4 specific for Bet v 1a competes with IgE for identical epitopes or whether novel epitope specificities of IgG4 antibodies are developed is under debate. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the epitope specificities of IgE and IgG4 antibodies from sera of patients who received AIT. METHODS 15 sera of patients (13/15 received AIT) with Bet v 1a-specific IgE and IgG4 were analyzed. The structural arrangements of recombinant (r)Bet v 1a and rBet v 1a_11x , modified in five potential epitopes, were analyzed by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. IgE binding to Bet v 1 was assessed by ELISA and mediator release assays. Competitive binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for Bet v 1a and serum IgE/IgG4 to rBet v 1a and serum antibody binding to a non-allergenic Bet v 1-type model protein presenting an individual epitope for IgE was analyzed in ELISA and western blot. RESULTS rBet v 1a_11x had a Bet v 1a - similar secondary and tertiary structure. Monomeric dispersion of rBet v 1a_11x was concentration and buffer-dependent. Up to 1500-fold increase in the EC50 for IgE-mediated mediator release induced by rBet v 1a_11x was determined. The reduction of IgE and IgG4 binding to rBet v 1a_11x was comparable in 67% (10/15) of sera. Bet v 1a-specific monoclonal antibodies inhibited binding of serum IgE and IgG4 to 66.1% and 64.9%, respectively. Serum IgE and IgG4 bound specifically to an individual epitope presented by our model protein in 33% (5/15) of sera. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients receiving AIT develop Bet v 1a-specific IgG4 which competes with IgE for partly identical or largely overlapping epitopes. The similarities of epitopes for IgE and IgG4 might stimulate the development of epitope-specific diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Groh
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - C S von Loetzen
- Department of Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - B Subbarayal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A Hoffmann
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - K Fötisch
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A Koutsouridou
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - E Völker
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - P Rösch
- Department of Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - W Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Schiller
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Husslik F, Nürnberg J, Seutter von Loetzen C, Mews T, Ballmer-Weber BK, Kleine-Tebbe J, Treudler R, Simon JC, Randow S, Völker E, Reuter A, Rösch P, Vieths S, Holzhauser T, Schiller D. The conformational IgE epitope profile of soya bean allergen Gly m 4. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1484-1497. [PMID: 27533495 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen-related soya allergy is mediated by Gly m 4. Conformational IgE epitopes of Gly m 4 are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify the IgE epitope profile of Gly m 4 in subjects with birch pollen-related soya allergy utilizing an epitope library presented by Gly m 4-type model proteins. METHODS Sera from patients with (n = 26) and without (n = 19) allergy to soya as determined by oral provocation tests were studied. Specific IgE (Bet v 1/Gly m 4) was determined by ImmunoCAP. A library of 59 non-allergenic Gly m 4-type model proteins harbouring individual and multiple putative epitopes for IgE was tested in IgE binding assays. Primary, secondary and tertiary protein structures were assessed by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS All subjects were sensitized to Gly m 4 and Bet v 1. Allergen-specific serum IgE levels ranged from 0.94 to > 100 kUA /L. The avidities of serum IgE were 5.06 ng (allergic) and 1.8 ng (tolerant) as determined by EC50 for IgE binding to Gly m 4. 96% (46/48) of the protein variants bound IgE. Model proteins had Gly m 4-type conformation and individual IgE binding clustered in six major surface areas. Gly m 4-specific IgE binding could be inhibited to up to 80% by model proteins harbouring individual IgE binding sites in an epitope-wise equimolar fashion. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed an area under fitted curve of up to 0.88 for model proteins and 0.66 for Gly m 4. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum levels and avidity of Gly m 4-specific IgE do not correlate with clinical reactivity to soya. Six IgE-binding areas, represented by 23 amino acids, account for more than 80% of total IgE binding capacity of Gly m 4. Model proteins may be used for epitope-resolved diagnosis to differentiate birch-soya allergy from clinical tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Husslik
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - J Nürnberg
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - T Mews
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - B K Ballmer-Weber
- Centre for Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - R Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J-C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - E Völker
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - P Rösch
- Department of Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - T Holzhauser
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - D Schiller
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
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Rosskopf S, Jutz S, Neunkirchner A, Candia MR, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B, Pickl WF, Steinberger P. Creation of an engineered APC system to explore and optimize the presentation of immunodominant peptides of major allergens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31580. [PMID: 27539532 PMCID: PMC4990899 DOI: 10.1038/srep31580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have generated engineered APC to present immunodominant peptides derived from the major aero-allergens of birch and mugwort pollen, Bet v 1142-153 and Art v 125-36, respectively. Jurkat-based T cell reporter lines expressing the cognate allergen-specific T cell receptors were used to read out the presentation of allergenic peptides on the engineered APC. Different modalities of peptide loading and presentation on MHC class II molecules were compared. Upon exogenous loading with allergenic peptides, the engineered APC elicited a dose-dependent response in the reporter T cells and the presence of chemical loading enhancers strongly increased reporter activation. Invariant chain-based MHC class II targeting strategies of endogenously expressed peptides resulted in stronger activation of the reporters than exogenous loading. Moreover, we used Bet v 1 as model allergen to study the ability of K562 cells to present antigenic peptides derived from whole proteins either taken up or endogenously expressed as LAMP-1 fusion protein. In both cases the ability of these cells to process and present peptides derived from whole proteins critically depended on the expression of HLA-DM. We have identified strategies to achieve efficient presentation of allergenic peptides on engineered APC and demonstrate their use to stimulate T cells from allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rosskopf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martín R Candia
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Franz-Oberdorf K, Eberlein B, Edelmann K, Hücherig S, Besbes F, Darsow U, Ring J, Schwab W. Fra a 1.02 Is the Most Potent Isoform of the Bet v 1-like Allergen in Strawberry Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3688-96. [PMID: 27086707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry fruit proteins Fra a 1.01E-1.08 are homologues of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Three of the proteins are known to have essential biological functions in pigment formation during fruit ripening and seem to be responsible for allergic reactions to strawberry fruit. We evaluated the cross-reactive allergenic potential of these putative strawberry allergens in patients allergic to birch pollen. Activation of basophils of eight atopic patients was studied using different concentrations of Fra a 1 isoforms. Bet v 1a was used as control and as atopic patient selection criterion. Although Fra a 1.01E-1.08 have amino acid sequence identities of 74.5-97.5% with Fra a 1.02, the basophil activation mediated by the eight Fra a 1 proteins differed substantially. Fra a 1.03 and Fra a 1.02 showed the highest activation of basophils, 73 and 66% of total basophils, respectively. On the basis of the high relative expression of the gene Fra a 1.02 in ripe strawberry fruits of allergenic varieties, Fra a 1.02 was identified as the main strawberry allergen of the Bet v 1 superfamily. Knowledge of the allergenic potential of Fra a 1.02/1.03 will help to improve food safety and can serve as a valuable marker for the development of red-fruited hypoallergenic strawberry cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franz-Oberdorf
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Kathrin Edelmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hücherig
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Fatma Besbes
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
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Moreno Benítez F, Espinazo Romeu M, Letrán Camacho A, Mas S, García‐Cózar FJ, Tabar AI. Variation in allergen content in sublingual allergen immunotherapy with house dust mites. Allergy 2015; 70:1413-20. [PMID: 26185961 PMCID: PMC5049613 DOI: 10.1111/all.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment modality which can be applied using different vaccines. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the allergen content of different house dust mites (HDM)’ sublingual treatments and to review the evidence on their efficacy. Methods Five sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) products were ordered and purchased at an ordinary pharmacy and masked for blinding before the study was started. Detection of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae allergens Der p 1, Der f 1, Der p 2 and Der f 2 was carried out by immunoblotting and fluorescent multiplex. A literature search for meta‐analyses and systematic reviews that included SLIT‐HDM products was performed. Results Der p 1 concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 14.5 μg/ml; similar figures were found for Der f 1 that ranged from 0.2 to 12.4 μg/ml. Der p 2+ Der f 2 ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 μg/ml. Data on efficacy are scarce for most of the five products. Conclusions Substantial variations regarding allergen content were found among these five SLIT‐HDM products. Therefore, it can be necessary to guarantee the quality of the SLIT‐HDM products and to demonstrate their effectiveness before they are marketed. It seems necessary, for the moment, to take into account these characteristics of the products before prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Moreno Benítez
- Lobaton Clinic S.L.P Cadiz
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
| | - M. Espinazo Romeu
- Lobaton Clinic S.L.P Cadiz
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
| | - A. Letrán Camacho
- Lobaton Clinic S.L.P Cadiz
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
| | - S. Mas
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona
| | - F. J. García‐Cózar
- “Immunology and Allergy” UCA‐AICS University of Cadiz Cadiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology) School of Medicine University of Cadiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit Cadiz
| | - A. I. Tabar
- Allergy Department Complejo Universitario de Navarra Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
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Siruguri V, Bharatraj DK, Vankudavath RN, Rao Mendu VV, Gupta V, Goodman RE. Evaluation of Bar, Barnase, and Barstar recombinant proteins expressed in genetically engineered Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) for potential risks of food allergy using bioinformatics and literature searches. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Levin M, Rotthus S, Wendel S, Najafi N, Källström E, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R, Flicker S, Ohlin M. Multiple independent IgE epitopes on the highly allergenic grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1409-19. [PMID: 25262820 PMCID: PMC4278554 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Group 5 allergens are small proteins that consist of two domains. They belong to the most potent respiratory allergens. Objective To determine the binding sites and to study allergic patients' IgE recognition of the group 5 allergen (Phl p 5) from timothy grass pollen using human monoclonal IgE antibodies that have been isolated from grass pollen allergic patients. Methods Using recombinant isoallergens, fragments, mutants and synthetic peptides of Phl p 5, as well as peptide-specific antibodies, the interaction of recombinant human monoclonal IgE and Phl p 5 was studied using direct binding and blocking assays. Cross-reactivity of monoclonal IgE with group 5 allergens in several grasses was studied and inhibition experiments with patients' polyclonal IgE were performed. Results Monoclonal human IgE showed extensive cross-reactivity with group 5 allergens in several grasses. Despite its small size of 29 kDa, four independent epitope clusters on isoallergen Phl p 5.0101, two in each domain, were recognized by human IgE. Isoallergen Phl p 5.0201 carried two of these epitopes. Inhibition studies with allergic patients' polyclonal IgE suggest the presence of additional IgE epitopes on Phl p 5. Conclusions & Clinical Relevance Our results reveal the presence of a large number of independent IgE epitopes on the Phl p 5 allergen explaining the high allergenic activity of this protein and its ability to induce severe allergic symptoms. High-density IgE recognition may be a general feature of many potent allergens and form a basis for the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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44
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Asam C, Batista AL, Moraes AH, de Paula VS, Almeida FCL, Aglas L, Kitzmüller C, Bohle B, Ebner C, Ferreira F, Wallner M, Valente AP. Bet v 1--a Trojan horse for small ligands boosting allergic sensitization? Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1083-93. [PMID: 24979350 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen allergy represents the main cause of winter and spring pollinosis in the temperate climate zone of the northern hemisphere and sensitization towards Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, affects over 100 million allergic patients. The major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 has been described as promiscuous acceptor for a wide variety of hydrophobic ligands. OBJECTIVE In search of intrinsic properties of Bet v 1, which account responsible for the high allergenic potential of the protein, we thought to investigate the effects of ligand-binding on immunogenic as well as allergenic properties. METHODS As surrogate ligand of Bet v 1 sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was selected. Recombinant and natural Bet v 1 were characterised physico-chemically as well as immunologically in the presence or absence of DOC, and an animal model of allergic sensitization was established. Moreover, human IgE binding to Bet v 1 was analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Ligand-binding had an overall stabilizing effect on Bet v 1. This translated in a Th2 skewing of the immune response in a mouse model. Analyses of human IgE binding on Bet v 1 in mediator release assays revealed that ligand-bound allergen-induced degranulation at lower concentrations; however, in basophil activation tests with human basophils ligand-binding did not show this effect. For the first time, human IgE epitopes on Bet v 1 were determined using antibodies isolated from patients' sera. The IgE epitope mapping of Bet v 1 demonstrated the presence of multiple binding regions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Deoxycholate binding stabilizes conformational IgE epitopes on Bet v 1; however, the epitopes themselves remain unaltered. Therefore, we speculate that humans are exposed to both ligand-bound and free Bet v 1 during sensitization, disclosing the ligand-binding cavity of the allergen as key structural element.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Asam
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Madritsch C, Gadermaier E, Roder UW, Lupinek C, Valenta R, Flicker S. High-density IgE recognition of the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 1 revealed with single-chain IgE antibody fragments obtained by combinatorial cloning. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2069-78. [PMID: 25637023 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 1 belongs to the group 1 of highly cross-reactive grass pollen allergens with a molecular mass of ∼25-30 kDa. Group 1 allergens are recognized by >95% of grass pollen allergic patients. We investigated the IgE recognition of Phl p 1 using allergen-specific IgE-derived single-chain variable Ab fragments (IgE-ScFvs) isolated from a combinatorial library constructed from PBMCs of a grass pollen-allergic patient. IgE-ScFvs reacted with recombinant Phl p 1 and natural group 1 grass pollen allergens. Using synthetic Phl p 1-derived peptides, the binding sites of two ScFvs were mapped to the N terminus of the allergen. In surface plasmon resonance experiments they showed comparable high-affinity binding to Phl p 1 as a complete human IgE-derived Ab recognizing the allergens' C terminus. In a set of surface plasmon resonance experiments simultaneous allergen recognition of all three binders was demonstrated. Even in the presence of the three binders, allergic patients' polyclonal IgE reacted with Phl p 1, indicating high-density IgE recognition of the Phl p 1 allergen. Our results show that multiple IgE Abs can bind with high density to Phl p 1, which may explain the high allergenic activity and sensitizing capacity of this allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Madritsch
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Elisabeth Gadermaier
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Uwe W Roder
- GE Healthcare Europe GmbH, 79111 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
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Devanaboyina SC, Cornelius C, Lupinek C, Fauland K, Dall'Antonia F, Nandy A, Hagen S, Flicker S, Valenta R, Keller W. High-resolution crystal structure and IgE recognition of the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 3. Allergy 2014; 69:1617-28. [PMID: 25123586 PMCID: PMC5321515 DOI: 10.1111/all.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 and 3 grass pollen allergens are major allergens with high allergenic activity and exhibit structural similarity with the C-terminal portion of major group 1 allergens. In this study, we aimed to determine the crystal structure of timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 3, and to study its IgE recognition and cross-reactivity with group 2 and group 1 allergens. METHODS The three-dimensional structure of Phl p 3 was solved by X-ray crystallography and compared with the structures of group 1 and 2 grass pollen allergens. Cross-reactivity was studied using a human monoclonal antibody which inhibits allergic patients' IgE binding and by IgE inhibition experiments with patients' sera. Conformational Phl p 3 IgE epitopes were predicted with the algorithm SPADE, and Phl p 3 variants containing single point mutations in the predicted IgE binding sites were produced to analyze allergic patients' IgE binding. RESULTS Phl p 3 is a globular β-sandwich protein showing structural similarity to Phl p 2 and the Phl p 1-C-terminal domain. Phl p 3 showed IgE cross-reactivity with group 2 allergens but not with group 1 allergens. SPADE identified two conformational IgE epitope-containing areas, of which one overlaps with the epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody. The mutation of arginine 68 to alanine completely abolished binding of the blocking antibody. This mutation and a mutation of D13 in the predicted second IgE epitope area also reduced allergic patients' IgE binding. CONCLUSION Group 3 and group 2 grass pollen allergens are cross-reactive allergens containing conformational IgE epitopes. They lack relevant IgE cross-reactivity with group 1 allergens and therefore need to be included in diagnostic tests and allergen-specific treatments in addition to group 1 allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Devanaboyina
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Structural Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Immunization with Hypoallergens of shrimp allergen tropomyosin inhibits shrimp tropomyosin specific IgE reactivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111649. [PMID: 25365343 PMCID: PMC4218792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Designer proteins deprived of its IgE-binding reactivity are being sought as a regimen for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Although shrimp tropomyosin (Met e 1) has long been identified as the major shellfish allergen, no immunotherapy is currently available. In this study, we aim at identifying the Met e 1 IgE epitopes for construction of hypoallergens and to determine the IgE inhibitory capacity of the hypoallergens. IgE-binding epitopes were defined by three online computational models, ELISA and dot-blot using sera from shrimp allergy patients. Based on the epitope data, two hypoallergenic derivatives were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis (MEM49) and epitope deletion (MED171). Nine regions on Met e 1 were defined as the major IgE-binding epitopes. Both hypoallergens MEM49 and MED171 showed marked reduction in their in vitro reactivity towards IgE from shrimp allergy patients and Met e 1-sensitized mice, as well as considerable decrease in induction of mast cell degranulation as demonstrated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay. Both hypoallergens were able to induce Met e 1-recognizing IgG antibodies in mice, specifically IgG2a antibodies, that strongly inhibited IgE from shrimp allergy subjects and Met e 1-sensitized mice from binding to Met e 1. These results indicate that the two designer hypoallergenic molecules MEM49 and MED171 exhibit desirable preclinical characteristics, including marked reduction in IgE reactivity and allergenicity, as well as ability to induce blocking IgG antibodies. This approach therefore offers promises for development of immunotherapeutic regimen for shrimp tropomyosin allergy.
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Enlarging the toolbox for allergen epitope definition with an allergen-type model protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111691. [PMID: 25356997 PMCID: PMC4214763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen-allergic subjects produce polyclonal cross-reactive IgE antibodies that mediate pollen-associated food allergies. The major allergen Bet v 1 and its homologs in plant foods bind IgE in their native protein conformation. Information on location, number and clinical relevance of IgE epitopes is limited. We addressed the use of an allergen-related protein model to identify amino acids critical for IgE binding of PR-10 allergens. METHOD Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) from meadow rue is structurally homologous to Bet v 1 but does not bind Bet v 1-reactive IgE. NCS was used as the template for epitope grafting. NCS variants were tested with sera from 70 birch pollen allergic subjects and with monoclonal antibody BV16 reported to compete with IgE binding to Bet v 1. RESULTS We generated an NCS variant (Δ29NCSN57/I58E/D60N/V63P/D68K) harboring an IgE epitope of Bet v 1. Bet v 1-type protein folding of the NCS variant was evaluated by 1H-15N-HSQC NMR spectroscopy. BV16 bound the NCS variant and 71% (50/70 sera) of our study population showed significant IgE binding. We observed IgE and BV16 cross-reactivity to the epitope presented by the NCS variant in a subgroup of Bet v 1-related allergens. Moreover BV16 blocked IgE binding to the NCS variant. Antibody cross-reactivity depended on a defined orientation of amino acids within the Bet v 1-type conformation. CONCLUSION Our system allows the evaluation of patient-specific epitope profiles and will facilitate both the identification of clinically relevant epitopes as biomarkers and the monitoring of therapeutic outcomes to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of allergies caused by PR-10 proteins.
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Longo V, Costa MA, Cibella F, Cuttitta G, La Grutta S, Colombo P. Multiple IgE recognition on the major allergen of the Parietaria pollen Par j 2. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:412-9. [PMID: 25284812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between IgE antibodies and allergens is a key event in triggering an allergic reaction. The characterization of this region provides information of paramount importance for diagnosis and therapy. Par j 2 Lipid Transfer Protein is one of the most important allergens in southern Europe and a well-established marker of sensitization in Parietaria pollen allergy. The main aim of this study was to map the IgE binding regions of this allergen and to study the pattern of reactivity of individual Parietaria-allergic patients. By means of gene fragmentation, six overlapping peptides were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their IgE binding activity was evaluated by immunoblotting in a cohort of 79 Parietaria-allergic patients. Our results showed that Pj-allergic patients display a heterogeneous pattern of IgE binding to the different recombinant fragments, and that patients reacted simultaneously against several protein domains spread all the over the molecule, even in fragments which do not contain structural features resembling the native allergen. Our results reveal the presence of a large number of linear and conformational epitopes on the Par j 2 sequence, which probably explains the high allergenic activity of this allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Longo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Costa
- Istituto di Biofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS Palermo), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy.
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Levin M, Davies AM, Liljekvist M, Carlsson F, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, Ohlin M. Human IgE against the major allergen Bet v 1--defining an epitope with limited cross-reactivity between different PR-10 family proteins. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:288-99. [PMID: 24447087 PMCID: PMC4215112 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The interaction between IgE and allergen is a key event at the initiation of an allergic response, and its characteristics have substantial effects on the clinical manifestation. Despite this, the molecular details of the interaction between human IgE and the major birch allergen Bet v 1, one of the most potent tree allergens, still remain poorly investigated. Objective To isolate Bet v 1-specific human monoclonal IgE and characterize their interaction with the allergen. Methods Recombinant human IgE were isolated from a combinatorial antibody fragment library and their interaction with Bet v 1 assessed using various immunological assays. The structure of one such IgE in the single-chain fragment variable format was determined using X-ray crystallography. Results We present four novel Bet v 1-specific IgE, for one of which we solve the structure, all with their genetic origin in the IGHV5 germline gene, and demonstrate that they target two non-overlapping epitopes on the surface of Bet v 1, thereby fulfilling the basic criteria for FcεRI cross-linkage. We further define these epitopes and for one epitope pinpoint single amino acid residues important for the interaction with human IgE. This provides a potential explanation, at the molecular level, for the differences in recognition of isoforms of Bet v 1 and other allergens in the PR-10 protein family displayed by IgE targeting this epitope. Finally, we present the first high-resolution structure of a human allergen-specific IgE fragment in the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) format. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance We here display the usefulness of allergen-specific human monoclonal IgE as a tool in studies of the crucial molecular interaction taking place at the initiation of an allergic response. Such studies may aid us in development of better diagnostic tools and guide us in the development of new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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