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Dobson GP, Letson HL, Morris JL. Revolution in sepsis: a symptoms-based to a systems-based approach? J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:57. [PMID: 38811967 PMCID: PMC11138085 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe infection and sepsis are medical emergencies. High morbidity and mortality are linked to CNS dysfunction, excessive inflammation, immune compromise, coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction. Males appear to have a higher risk of mortality than females. Currently, there are few or no effective drug therapies to protect the brain, maintain the blood brain barrier, resolve excessive inflammation and reduce secondary injury in other vital organs. We propose a major reason for lack of progress is a consequence of the treat-as-you-go, single-nodal target approach, rather than a more integrated, systems-based approach. A new revolution is required to better understand how the body responds to an infection, identify new markers to detect its progression and discover new system-acting drugs to treat it. In this review, we present a brief history of sepsis followed by its pathophysiology from a systems' perspective and future opportunities. We argue that targeting the body's early immune-driven CNS-response may improve patient outcomes. If the barrage of PAMPs and DAMPs can be reduced early, we propose the multiple CNS-organ circuits (or axes) will be preserved and secondary injury will be reduced. We have been developing a systems-based, small-volume, fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and magnesium (ALM) to treat sepsis and endotoxemia. Our early studies indicate that ALM therapy shifts the CNS from sympathetic to parasympathetic dominance, maintains cardiovascular-endothelial glycocalyx coupling, reduces inflammation, corrects coagulopathy, and maintains tissue O2 supply. Future research will investigate the potential translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Hayley L Letson
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Morris
- Heart, Sepsis and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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2
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Jørgensen MR. Pathophysiological microenvironments in oral candidiasis. APMIS 2024. [PMID: 38571459 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC), a prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa, presents a considerable health challenge, particularly in individuals with compromised immune responses, advanced age, and local predisposing conditions. A considerable part of the population carries Candida in the oral cavity, but only few develop OC. Therefore, the pathogenesis of OC may depend on factors other than the attributes of the fungus, such as host factors and other predisposing factors. Mucosal trauma and inflammation compromise epithelial integrity, fostering a conducive environment for fungal invasion. Molecular insights into the immunocompromised state reveal dysregulation in innate and adaptive immunity, creating a permissive environment for Candida proliferation. Detailed examination of Candida species (spp.) and their virulence factors uncovers a nuanced understanding beyond traditional C. albicans focus, which embrace diverse Candida spp. and their strategies, influencing adhesion, invasion, immune evasion, and biofilm formation. Understanding the pathophysiological microenvironments in OC is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This review aims to unravel the diverse pathophysiological microenvironments influencing OC development focusing on microbial, host, and predisposing factors, and considers Candida resistance to antifungal therapy. The comprehensive approach offers a refined perspective on OC, seeking briefly to identify potential therapeutic targets for future effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rose Jørgensen
- Section of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Du NN, Feng JM, Shao SJ, Wan H, Wu XQ. Construction of a Multi-Indicator Model for Abscess Prediction in Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis Using Inflammatory Indicators. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:553-564. [PMID: 38323114 PMCID: PMC10844011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease, and abscess formation is a common complication of GLM. The process of abscess formation is accompanied by changes in multiple inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to construct a diagnosis model for the early of GLM abscess formation based on multiple inflammatory parameters. Methods Based on the presence or absence of abscess formation on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 126 patients with GLM were categorised into an abscess group (85 patients) and a non-abscess group (41 patients). Demographic characteristics and the related laboratory results for the 9 inflammatory markers were collected. Logistics univariate analysis and collinearity test were used for selecting independent variables. A regression model to predict abscess formation was constructed using Logistics multivariate analysis. Results The univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the N, ESR, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-α were independent diagnostic factors of abscess formation in GLM (P<0. 05). The nomogram was drawn on the basis of the logistics regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.890, which was significantly better than that of a single indicator and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were high (81.2% and 85.40%, respectively). These results predicted by the model were highly consistent with the actual diagnostic results. The results of this calibration curve indicated that the model had a good value and stability in predicting abscess formation in GLM. The decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated a satisfactory positive net benefit of the model. Conclusion A predictive model for abscess formation in GLM based on inflammatory markers was constructed in our study, which may provide a new strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of the abscess stage of GLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Du
- Breast Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Feng
- Breast Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Shao
- Breast Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wan
- Breast Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Wu
- Breast Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, People’s Republic of China
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Patil D, Bhatt LK. Novel Therapeutic Avenues for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:623-640. [PMID: 37670168 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complicated, heterogeneous genetic condition that causes left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, hypercontractility, and decreased compliance. Despite the advances made over the past 3 decades in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms aggravating HCM, the relationship between pathophysiological stress stimuli and distinctive myocyte growth profiles is still imprecise. Currently, mavacamten, a selective and reversible inhibitor of cardiac myosin ATPase, is the only drug approved by the US FDA for the treatment of HCM. Thus, there is an unmet need for developing novel disease-specific therapeutic approaches. This article provides an overview of emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCM based on various molecular pathways and novel developments that are hopefully soon to enter the clinical study. These newly discovered targets include the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B, the absence of the melanoma 1 inflammasome, the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 enzyme, and the cluster of differentiation 147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Strizova Z, Benesova I, Bartolini R, Novysedlak R, Cecrdlova E, Foley L, Striz I. M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality? Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1067-1093. [PMID: 37530555 PMCID: PMC10407193 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations adopt distinct activation states. M1 and M2 macrophages are two polarized forms of mononuclear phagocyte in vitro differentiation with distinct phenotypic patterns and functional properties, but in vivo, there is a wide range of different macrophage phenotypes in between depending on the microenvironment and natural signals they receive. In human infections, pathogens use different strategies to combat macrophages and these strategies include shaping the macrophage polarization towards one or another phenotype. Macrophages infiltrating the tumours can affect the patient's prognosis. M2 macrophages have been shown to promote tumour growth, while M1 macrophages provide both tumour-promoting and anti-tumour properties. In autoimmune diseases, both prolonged M1 activation, as well as altered M2 function can contribute to their onset and activity. In human atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages expressing both M1 and M2 profiles have been detected as one of the potential factors affecting occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In allergic inflammation, T2 cytokines drive macrophage polarization towards M2 profiles, which promote airway inflammation and remodelling. M1 macrophages in transplantations seem to contribute to acute rejection, while M2 macrophages promote the fibrosis of the graft. The view of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages suppressing inflammation seems to be an oversimplification because these cells exploit very high level of plasticity and represent a large scale of different immunophenotypes with overlapping properties. In this respect, it would be more precise to describe macrophages as M1-like and M2-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Benesova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, U.K
| | - Rene Novysedlak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cecrdlova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lily Koumbas Foley
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, U.K
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Shimai R, Hanafusa K, Nakayama H, Oshima E, Kato M, Kano K, Matsuo I, Miyazaki T, Tokano T, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Minamino T. Lysophosphatidylglucoside/GPR55 signaling promotes foam cell formation in human M2c macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12740. [PMID: 37544935 PMCID: PMC10404585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. Intravascular plaques, a well-known pathological finding of atherosclerosis, have a necrotic core composed of macrophages and dead cells. Intraplaque macrophages, which are classified into various subtypes, play key roles in maintenance of normal cellular microenvironment. Excessive uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein causes conversion of macrophages to foam cells, and consequent progression/exacerbation of atherosclerosis. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) signaling has been reported to associate with atherosclerosis progression. We demonstrated recently that lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc) is a specific ligand of GPR55, although in general physiological ligands of GPR55 are poorly understood. Phosphatidylglucoside is expressed on human monocytes and can be converted to lysoPtdGlc. In the present study, we examined possible involvement of lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in foam cell formation. In monocyte-derived M2c macrophages, lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling inhibited translocation of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 to plasma membrane, and cholesterol efflux. Such inhibitory effect was reversed by GPR55 antagonist ML193. LysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in M2c macrophages was involved in excessive lipid accumulation, thereby promoting foam cell formation. Our findings suggest that lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shimai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokano
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Preparation Office for Establishment of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode , Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Zizzo G, Cohen PL. Editorial: The key role of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase: where inflammation ends and fibrosis begins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251577. [PMID: 37529052 PMCID: PMC10390068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Zizzo
- Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip L. Cohen
- Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Assis DV, Campos ACP, Paschoa AFN, Santos TF, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Systemic and Peripheral Mechanisms of Cortical Stimulation-Induced Analgesia and Refractoriness in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097796. [PMID: 37175503 PMCID: PMC10177944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is an effective treatment for refractory neuropathic pain; however, some individuals are unresponsive. In this study, we correlated the effectiveness of MCS and refractoriness with the expression of cytokines, neurotrophins, and nociceptive mediators in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), sciatic nerve, and plasma of rats with sciatic neuropathy. MCS inhibited hyperalgesia and allodynia in two-thirds of the animals (responsive group), and one-third did not respond (refractory group). Chronic constriction injury (CCI) increased IL-1β in the nerve and DRG, inhibited IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A in the nerve, decreased β-endorphin, and enhanced substance P in the plasma, compared to the control. Responsive animals showed decreased NGF and increased IL-6 in the nerve, accompanied by restoration of local IL-10 and IL-17A and systemic β-endorphin. Refractory animals showed increased TNF-α and decreased IFNγ in the nerve, along with decreased TNF-α and IL-17A in the DRG, maintaining low levels of systemic β-endorphin. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of MCS depends on local control of inflammatory and neurotrophic changes, accompanied by recovery of the opioidergic system observed in neuropathic conditions. So, understanding the refractoriness to MCS may guide an improvement in the efficacy of the technique, thus benefiting patients with persistent neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V Assis
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda F N Paschoa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita F Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05402-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
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Ott LC, Cuenca AG. Innate immune cellular therapeutics in transplantation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1067512. [PMID: 37994308 PMCID: PMC10664839 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1067512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful organ transplantation provides an opportunity to extend the lives of patients with end-stage organ failure. Selectively suppressing the donor-specific alloimmune response, however, remains challenging without the continuous use of non-specific immunosuppressive medications, which have multiple adverse effects including elevated risks of infection, chronic kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Efforts to promote allograft tolerance have focused on manipulating the adaptive immune response, but long-term allograft survival rates remain disappointing. In recent years, the innate immune system has become an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of transplant organ rejection. Indeed, contemporary studies demonstrate that innate immune cells participate in both the initial alloimmune response and chronic allograft rejection and undergo non-permanent functional reprogramming in a phenomenon termed "trained immunity." Several types of innate immune cells are currently under investigation as potential therapeutics in transplantation, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, regulatory macrophages, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells. In this review, we discuss the features and functions of these cell types, with a focus on their role in the alloimmune response. We examine their potential application as therapeutics to prevent or treat allograft rejection, as well as challenges in their clinical translation and future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Ott
- Department of General Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alex G Cuenca
- Department of General Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Molica Colella F, Zizzo G, Parrino V, Filosa MT, Cavaliere R, Fazio F, Molica Colella AB, Mazzone A. Effectiveness and safety of secukinumab in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: a 52-week real-life study in an Italian cohort. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:15. [PMID: 36973825 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab has shown high efficacy in randomized controlled trials in both ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Here, we investigated its real-life effectiveness and tolerability in a cohort of AS and PsA patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed medical records of outpatients with AS or PsA treated with secukinumab between December 2017 and December 2019. ASDAS-CRP and DAS28-CRP scores were used to measure axial and peripheral disease activity in AS and PsA, respectively. Data were collected at baseline and after 8, 24, and 52 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Eighty-five adult patients with active disease (29 with AS and 56 with PsA; 23 males and 62 females) were treated. Overall, mean disease duration was 6.7 years and biologic-naïve patients were 85%. Significant reductions in ASDAS-CRP and DAS28-CRP were observed at all time-points. Body weight (in AS) and disease activity status at baseline (particularly in PsA) significantly affected disease activity changes. ASDAS-defined inactive disease and DAS28-defined remission were achieved in comparable proportions between AS and PsA patients, at both 24 weeks (45% and 46%) and 52 weeks (65.5% and 68%, respectively); male sex was found an independent predictor of positive response (OR 5.16, P = 0.027). After 52 weeks, achievement of at least low disease activity and drug retention were observed in 75% of patients. Secukinumab was well-tolerated and only mild injection-site reactions were recorded in 4 patients. CONCLUSION In a real-world setting, secukinumab confirmed great effectiveness and safety in both AS and PsA patients. The influence of gender on treatment response deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Molica Colella
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera (A.O.) "Papardo", Messina, Italy.
- Rheumatology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, 98158, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Zizzo
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Legnano Hospital, Milan, Italy.
- Rheumatology Section, ASST Ovest Milanese, Milan, 20025, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Filosa
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera (A.O.) "Papardo", Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavaliere
- Department of Adult and Developmental Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, "Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata", Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Aldo Biagio Molica Colella
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera (A.O.) "Papardo", Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzone
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Legnano Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Amer HT, Stein U, El Tayebi HM. The Monocyte, a Maestro in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215460. [PMID: 36358879 PMCID: PMC9658645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, surpassing lung cancer as the leading cause of overall cancer incidence. Available possible treatments nowadays include chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy. Chemotherapy is notorious for its severe adverse effects. On the other hand, hormonal and HER2-targeted therapies only cover a narrow range of breast cancer subtypes. Accordingly, it is important to shed light on other therapy options. For this reason, immunotherapy nowadays is one of the most important research topics. It can be accomplished either by enhancing the pro-inflammatory immunity or suppressing the anti-inflammatory immunity. This review article aims to shed light on the importance of monocytes in the TME of breast cancer. The review also aims to highlight the behavior of the monocyte-derived populations, especially the anti-inflammatory populations. Thus, suppressing this anti-inflammatory activity might have a remarkable impact on future immunotherapy research. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is well-known for being a leading cause of death worldwide. It is classified molecularly into luminal A, luminal B HER2−, luminal B HER2+, HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These subtypes differ in their prognosis; thus, understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) makes new treatment strategies possible. The TME contains populations that exhibit anti-tumorigenic actions such as tumor-associated eosinophils. Moreover, it contains pro-tumorigenic populations such as tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), or monocyte-derived populations. The monocyte-derived populations are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and MDSCs. Thus, a monocyte can be considered a maestro within the TME. Moreover, the expansion of monocytes in the TME depends on many factors such as the BC stage, the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the presence of some chemoattractants. After expansion, monocytes can differentiate into pro-inflammatory populations such as M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory populations such as M2 macrophages according to the nature of cytokines present in the TME. Differentiation to TAMs depends on various factors such as the BC subtype, the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and epigenetic factors. Furthermore, TAMs and MDSCs not only have a role in tumor progression but also are key players in metastasis. Thus, understanding the monocytes further can introduce new target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda T. Amer
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitäsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrük-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11865, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Xiong K, Qi M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. The role of tumor-associated macrophages and soluble mediators in pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000927. [PMID: 36131942 PMCID: PMC9483911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin tumor, which is also a major cause of skin cancer-related mortality. It can spread from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple locations, including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone, and brain. What’s more metastatic melanoma is the main cause of its high mortality. Among all organs, the lung is one of the most common distant metastatic sites of melanoma, and the mortality rate of melanoma lung metastasis is also very high. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary metastasis of cutaneous melanoma will not only help to provide possible explanations for its etiology and progression but may also help to provide potential new therapeutic targets for its treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important regulatory role in the migration and metastasis of various malignant tumors. Tumor-targeted therapy, targeting tumor-associated macrophages is thus attracting attention, particularly for advanced tumors and metastatic tumors. However, the relevant role of tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous melanoma lung metastasis is still unclear. This review will present an overview of the origin, classification, polarization, recruitment, regulation and targeting treatment of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as the soluble mediators involved in these processes and a summary of their possible role in lung metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. This review particularly aims to provide insight into mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets to readers, interested in pulmonary metastasis melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifen Xiong
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
| | - Shanze Chen
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
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Lv J, Han M, Xiang Z, Gong R, Shi C, Hua Q, Zhang R, Du C. Chlorzoxazone Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Inhibiting IL-6 Secretion of Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1545-1553. [PMID: 35277421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease with chronic inflammatory demyelination of the CNS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an important animal model to study MS, with many pathological phenomena similar to MS. Th17 cells are important regulators of EAE and MS pathogenesis. Most cytokines needed for Th cell development are secreted by APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs). Consequently, MS could be improved by inhibiting cytokine secretion from DCs. In this study, we reported that chlorzoxazone could ameliorate EAE pathogenesis via inhibiting IL-6 production by DCs. The EAE signs in the chlorzoxazone-treated group of mice were relieved, which was mainly manifested as lower clinical scores, a decrease in the number of immune cells, and a reduction of demyelination in the CNS. Moreover, the proportion of Th17 cells in the spleen and CNS decreased significantly. In vitro experiments showed that chlorzoxazone treatment significantly reduced DC-derived IL-6 production. In the DC-T cell coculture experiment, significantly decreased Th17 differentiation was observed after chlorzoxazone treatment. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which chlorzoxazone affected EAE and DC function. We showed that the effect of chlorzoxazone on inhibiting the secretion of IL-6 by DCs may be mediated via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Overall, our study elucidated the key role of chlorzoxazone in regulating EAE pathogenesis and suggested that it might be used as a new drug for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglong Xiang
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Gong
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjie Shi
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhong Hua
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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林 冬, 杨 利, 王 智. [Research Updates: The Role of Interaction between Oral Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Epithelial Barrier in Oral Mucosal Homeostasis and Pathogenesis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:188-193. [PMID: 35332716 PMCID: PMC10409361 DOI: 10.12182/20220360501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a healthy state, the interaction between the oral microorganisms, mucosal immune cells and epithelial barrier can maintain the oral microecological stability. However, the oral microecology is disrupted under a diseased state and various pathogenic bacteria and their virulence factors and metabolites irritate the immune system, which causes direct or indirect damage to the epithelial barrier, promotes the pathogenesis and progression of oral mucosal diseases, and triggers immune inflammatory response or the irreversible transformation from inflammation into cancer. We herein reviewed the interaction between oral microorganisms, immune cells and epithelial barrier from two perspectives, the maintenance of the oral homeostasis and the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases. We intended to gain further understanding of the oral mucosal homeostasis and the mechanism of action of the pathogenesis and progression of oral mucosal diseases, and to provide thereby ideas and scientific and theoretical basis for developing new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal diseases through re-establishing mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 冬佳 林
- 中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (广州 510055)Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- 广东省口腔医学重点实验室 (广州 510055)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - 利洒 杨
- 中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (广州 510055)Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- 广东省口腔医学重点实验室 (广州 510055)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - 智 王
- 中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (广州 510055)Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- 广东省口腔医学重点实验室 (广州 510055)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Abstract
TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl and MerTK) are a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that are expressed in a variety of cell populations, including liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. These receptors are vital for immune homeostasis, as they regulate the innate immune response by suppressing inflammation via toll-like receptor inhibition and by promoting tissue resolution through efferocytosis. However, there is increasing evidence indicating that aberrant TAM receptor signaling may play a role in pathophysiological processes in the context of liver disease. This review will explore the roles of TAM receptors and their ligands in liver homeostasis as well as a variety of disease settings, including acute liver injury, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction and hepatocellular carcinoma. A better understanding of our current knowledge of TAM receptors in liver disease may identify new opportunities for disease monitoring as well as novel therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, this review also aims to highlight areas where further research on TAM receptor biology in liver disease is required.
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Hourani T, Holden JA, Li W, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788365. [PMID: 34988021 PMCID: PMC8722774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to have a strong influence on tumorigenesis, with various components being involved in tumor suppression and tumor growth. A protumorigenic TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), where their presence is strongly associated with tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor survival rates. This association between the increased TAMs and poor therapeutic outcomes are stemming an increasing interest in investigating TAMs as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Prominent mechanisms in targeting TAMs include: blocking recruitment, stimulating repolarization, and depletion methods. For enhancing targeting specificity multiple nanomaterials are currently being explored for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic cargo, including the conjugation with TAM-targeting peptides. In this paper, we provide a focused literature review of macrophage biology in relation to their role in tumorigenesis. First, we discuss the origin, recruitment mechanisms, and phenotypic diversity of TAMs based on recent investigations in the literature. Then the paper provides a detailed review on the current methods of targeting TAMs, including the use of nanomaterials as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Antimicrobial, Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines (ACTV) Research Group, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3D in vitro M2 macrophage model to mimic modulation of tissue repair. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:83. [PMID: 34848722 PMCID: PMC8633361 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) subtypes, namely M2a and M2c, are reported to modulate the tissue repair process tightly and chronologically by modulating fibroblast differentiation state and functions. To establish a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model to mimic the tissue repair process, we utilized THP-1 human monocytic cells and a 3D collagen matrix as a biomimetic tissue model. THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages, and activated using IL-4/IL-13 (MIL-4/IL-13) and IL-10 (MIL-10). Both activated macrophages were characterized by both their cell surface marker expression and cytokine secretion profile. Our cell characterization suggested that MIL-4/IL-13 and MIL-10 demonstrate M2a- and M2c-like subtypes, respectively. To mimic the initial and resolution phases during the tissue repair, both activated macrophages were co-cultured with fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. We showed that MIL-4/IL-13 were able to promote matrix synthesis and remodeling by induction of myofibroblast differentiation via transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). On the contrary, MIL-10 demonstrated the ability to resolve the tissue repair process by dedifferentiation of myofibroblast via IL-10 secretion. Overall, our study demonstrated the importance and the exact roles of M2a and M2c-like macrophage subtypes in coordinating tissue repair in a biomimetic model. The established model can be applied for high-throughput platforms for improving tissue healing and anti-fibrotic drugs testing, as well as other biomedical studies.
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Crosstalk between the oral microbiota, mucosal immunity, and the epithelial barrier regulates oral mucosal disease pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1247-1258. [PMID: 34040155 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal disease (OMD), which is also called soft tissue oral disease, is described as a series of disorders or conditions affecting the mucosa and soft tissue in the oral cavity. Its etiology is unclear, but emerging evidence has implicated the influence of the composition of the oral mucosa and saliva-resident microbiota. In turn, this dysbiosis effects the immune response balance and epithelial barrier function, followed by the occurrence and progression of OMD. In addition, oral microbial dysbiosis is diverse in different types of diseases and different disease progressions, suggesting that key causal pathogens may exist in various oral pathologies. This narrative literature review primarily discusses the most recent findings focusing on how microbial dysbiosis communicates with mucosal adaptive immune cells and the epithelial barrier in the context of five representative OMDs, including oral candidiasis (OC), oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), oral leukoplakia (OLK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to provide new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of OMDs.
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20
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages independent of hypoxia and toll-like receptor 9. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:990. [PMID: 34479492 PMCID: PMC8418007 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A low tissue oxygen level, < 1% O2, is a typical characteristic inside of solid tumors in head and neck cancer (HNSCC) affecting a wide array of cell populations, such as macrophages. However, the mechanisms of how hypoxia influences macrophages are not yet fully elucidated. Our research aimed to study the effect of soluble mediators produced by hypoxic cancer cells on macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we studied the effect of a hypoxic microenvironment on the expression of tumorigenic toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and the consecutive macrophage polarization. Methods Conditioned media (CMNOX or CMHOX) from cell lines UT-SCC-8, UT-SCC-74A, FaDu, MDA-MB-231 and HaCat cultured under normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions were used to polarize human monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry and the production of cytokine mRNA using Taqman qPCR. To study the role of TLR9 in macrophage polarization, the lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 method was used to establish a stable FaDuTLR9def clone. Results Our results demonstrate that the soluble mediators produced by the cancer cells under normoxia polarize macrophages towards a hybridized M1/M2a/M2c phenotype. Furthermore, the results suggest that hypoxia has a limited role in altering the array of cancer-produced soluble factors affecting macrophage polarization and cytokine production. Our data also indicates that increased expression of TLR9 due to hypoxia in malignant cells does not markedly influence the polarization of macrophages. TLR9 transcriptional response to hypoxia is dissimilar to a HIF1-α-regulated LDH-A. This may indicate a context-dependent expression of TLR9 under hypoxia. Conclusions HNSCC cell lines affect both macrophage activity (polarization) and functionality (cytokines), but with exception to iNOS expression, the effects appear independent of hypoxia and TLR9. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08357-8.
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Pemmari A, Leppänen T, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen T, Moilanen E. Chondrocytes from Osteoarthritis Patients Adopt Distinct Phenotypes in Response to Central T H1/T H2/T H17 Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179463. [PMID: 34502384 PMCID: PMC8431052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), and several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated to mediate and regulate this process. Out of these cytokines, particularly IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-17 are associated with different phenotypes of T helper (TH) cells and macrophages, both examples of cells known for great phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Chondrocytes also display various phenotypic changes during the course of arthritis. We set out to study the hypothesis of whether chondrocytes might adopt polarized phenotypes analogous to TH cells and macrophages. We studied the effects of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-17 on gene expression in OA chondrocytes with RNA-Seq. Chondrocytes were harvested from the cartilage of OA patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and then cultured with or without the cytokines for 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and sequenced, and GO (Gene Ontology) functional analysis was performed. We also separately investigated genes linked to OA in recent genome wide expression analysis (GWEA) studies. The expression of more than 2800 genes was significantly altered in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β [in the C(IL-1β) phenotype] with a fold change (FC) > 2.5 in either direction. These included a large number of genes associated with inflammation, cartilage degradation and attenuation of metabolic signaling. The profile of genes differentially affected by IFNγ (the C(IFNγ) phenotype) was relatively distinct from that of the C(IL-1β) phenotype and included several genes associated with antigen processing and presentation. The IL-17-induced C(IL-17) phenotype was characterized by the induction of a more limited set of proinflammatory factors compared to C(IL-1β) cells. The C(IL-4) phenotype induced by IL-4 displayed a differential expression of a rather small set of genes compared with control, primarily those associated with TGFβ signaling and the regulation of inflammation. In conclusion, our results show that OA chondrocytes can adopt diverse phenotypes partly analogously to TH cells and macrophages. This phenotypic plasticity may play a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis and open new therapeutic avenues for the development of disease-modifying treatments for (osteo)arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (A.P.); (T.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (A.P.); (T.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (A.P.); (T.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Teemu Moilanen
- Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (A.P.); (T.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Thomas J, Stalker A, Breznan D, Thomson EM. Ozone-dependent increases in lung glucocorticoids and macrophage response: Effect modification by innate stress axis function. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103662. [PMID: 33878450 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable inter-individual variability exists in health effects associated with air pollutant exposure, underlying reasons remain unclear. We examined whether innate differences in stress axis function modify lung glucocorticoid and macrophage responses to ozone (O3). Highly-stress responsive Fischer (F344) and less responsive Lewis (LEW) rats were exposed for 4 h by nose-only inhalation to air or O3 (0.8 ppm). Ozone increased corticosterone recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage in both strains (F344 > LEW). Higher corticosterone in F344 was associated with a blunted response to O3 of macrophage pro-inflammatory genes compared to LEW. Pharmacological inhibition of O3-dependent corticosterone production in F344 enhanced the inflammatory gene response to O3, mimicking the LEW phenotype. Examination of potential impacts of glucocorticoids on macrophage function using a human monocyte-derived macrophage cell line (THP-1) showed that cortisol modified phagocytosis in a macrophage phenotype-dependent manner. Overall, our data implicate endogenous glucocorticoids in the regulation of pulmonary macrophage responses to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jith Thomas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Dalibor Breznan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Vegting Y, Vogt L, Anders HJ, de Winther MPJ, Bemelman FJ, Hilhorst ML. Monocytes and macrophages in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102911. [PMID: 34298153 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are characterized by inflammation of small-to-medium-sized blood vessels and the presence of autoantibodies against cytoplasmic proteases sited in neutrophils and monocytes. Increasing evidence indicates a substantial role of monocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of AAV. Activated monocytes and macrophages contribute to necroinflammation in peripheral vasculitic lesions as well as to central and peripheral mechanisms of autoimmunity. The intermediate monocyte subset (CD14++CD16+) is increased and monocytes show elevated expression of CD14, Toll-like receptor 2/4, MHCII and integrins, likely reflecting activation and increased monocyte extravasation. Monocytes differentiate locally predominantly into alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, which are known for cell-clearance and phagocytosis, but may ultimately lead to fibrosis. Phagocytotic function of macrophages can be impaired by surface expression of cytoplasmic proteases on apoptotic neutrophils and causes release of inflammatory cytokines and immunogenic contents, presumably resulting in a vicious circle of increased neutrophil, T and B cell activation and consequent ANCA production. Considering their crucial role in initiating necroinflammation as well as fibrogenesis, monocytes and macrophages may represent a logic first-line target for new treatment options in AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosta Vegting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc L Hilhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Müller A, Krause B, Kerstein-Stähle A, Comdühr S, Klapa S, Ullrich S, Holl-Ulrich K, Lamprecht P. Granulomatous Inflammation in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126474. [PMID: 34204207 PMCID: PMC8234846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). While systemic vasculitis is a hallmark of all AAV, GPA is characterized by extravascular granulomatous inflammation, preferentially affecting the respiratory tract. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of neutrophilic microabscesses; the appearance of multinucleated giant cells; and subsequent granuloma formation, finally leading to scarred or destroyed tissue in GPA, are still incompletely understood. This review summarizes findings describing the presence and function of molecules and cells contributing to granulomatous inflammation in the respiratory tract and to renal inflammation observed in GPA. In addition, factors affecting or promoting the development of granulomatous inflammation such as microbial infections, the nasal microbiome, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) are discussed. Further, on the basis of numerous results, we argue that, in situ, various ways of exposure linked with a high number of infiltrating proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-expressing leukocytes lower the threshold for the presentation of an altered PR3 and possibly also of MPO, provoking the local development of ANCA autoimmune responses, aided by the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. Although extravascular granulomatous inflammation is unique to GPA, similar molecular and cellular patterns can be found in both the respiratory tract and kidney tissue of GPA and MPA patients; for example, the antimicrobial peptide LL37, CD163+ macrophages, or regulatory T cells. Therefore, we postulate that granulomatous inflammation in GPA or PR3-AAV is intertwined with autoimmune and destructive mechanisms also seen at other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Müller
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-5005-0867
| | - Bettina Krause
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Anja Kerstein-Stähle
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
| | - Sara Comdühr
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
| | - Sebastian Klapa
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine c/o German Naval Medical Institute, Carl-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Municipal Hospital Kiel, 24116 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
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Basile DP, Ullah MM, Collet JA, Mehrotra P. T helper 17 cells in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:12-28. [PMID: 33789382 PMCID: PMC8041630 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic kidney disease have a strong underlying inflammatory component. This review focuses primarily on T helper 17 (Th17) cells as mediators of inflammation and their potential to modulate acute and chronic kidney disease. We provide updated information on factors and signaling pathways that promote Th17 cell differentiation with specific reference to kidney disease. We highlight numerous clinical studies that have investigated Th17 cells in the setting of human kidney disease and provide updated summaries from various experimental animal models of kidney disease indicating an important role for Th17 cells in renal fibrosis and hypertension. We focus on the pleiotropic effects of Th17 cells in different renal cell types as potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Finally, we highlight studies that present contrasting roles for Th17 cells in kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jason A Collet
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Cao P, Sun Z, Wang W. The characteristics of regulatory macrophages and their roles in transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107322. [PMID: 33418238 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are a subtype of macrophages that are involved in regulating immune responses and inhibiting activated T lymphocyte proliferation. With advances in our basic understanding of Mregs and the revelation of their biological characteristics, Mregs have become a focus of research. In addition to promoting malignant tumor progression, Mregs also play an immunosuppressive role in inflammatory diseases and transplantation. Recent studies have shown that Mregs are closely associated with the induction of transplantation immune tolerance. Immune regulatory cell treatment as an adjunct immunosuppressive therapy offers new insights into the mechanism by which transplantation immune tolerance is established. The application of Mreg-based cellular immunotherapy has shown promise in clinical solid organ transplantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of Mreg morphology, phenotype, induction and negative immunoregulatory function and discuss the role of Mregs in different transplantation models as well as their potential application value in clinical organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zejia Sun
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Mahida RY, Scott A, Parekh D, Lugg ST, Belchamber KBR, Hardy RS, Matthay MA, Naidu B, Thickett DR. Assessment of Alveolar Macrophage Dysfunction Using an in vitro Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737859. [PMID: 34660643 PMCID: PMC8511446 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) efferocytosis may contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathogenesis; however, studies are limited by the difficulty in obtaining primary AMs from patients with ARDS. Our objective was to determine whether an in vitro model of ARDS can recapitulate the same AM functional defect observed in vivo and be used to further investigate pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods: AMs were isolated from the lung tissue of patients undergoing lobectomy and then treated with pooled bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid previously collected from patients with ARDS. AM phenotype and effector functions (efferocytosis and phagocytosis) were assessed by flow cytometry. Rac1 gene expression was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: ARDS BAL treatment of AMs decreased efferocytosis (p = 0.0006) and Rac1 gene expression (p = 0.016); however, bacterial phagocytosis was preserved. Expression of AM efferocytosis receptors MerTK (p = 0.015) and CD206 (p = 0.006) increased, whereas expression of the antiefferocytosis receptor SIRPα decreased following ARDS BAL treatment (p = 0.036). Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition partially restored AM efferocytosis in an in vitro model of ARDS (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Treatment of lung resection tissue AMs with ARDS BAL fluid induces impairment in efferocytosis similar to that observed in patients with ARDS. However, AM phagocytosis is preserved following ARDS BAL treatment. This specific impairment in AM efferocytosis can be partially restored by inhibition of ROCK. This in vitro model of ARDS is a useful tool to investigate the mechanisms by which the inflammatory alveolar microenvironment of ARDS induces AM dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Y. Mahida
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rahul Y. Mahida
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian T. Lugg
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie B. R. Belchamber
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan S. Hardy
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and of Anaesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Babu Naidu
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Lightbody RJ, Taylor JMW, Dempsie Y, Graham A. MicroRNA sequences modulating inflammation and lipid accumulation in macrophage “foam” cells: Implications for atherosclerosis. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:303-333. [PMID: 32843934 PMCID: PMC7415235 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i7.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of macrophage “foam” cells, laden with cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, within the intima of large arteries, is a hallmark of early “fatty streak” lesions which can progress to complex, multicellular atheromatous plaques, involving lipoproteins from the bloodstream and cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. Sterol accumulation triggers induction of genes encoding proteins mediating the atheroprotective cholesterol efflux pathway. Within the arterial intima, however, this mechanism is overwhelmed, leading to distinct changes in macrophage phenotype and inflammatory status. Over the last decade marked gains have been made in understanding of the epigenetic landscape which influence macrophage function, and in particular the importance of small non-coding micro-RNA (miRNA) sequences in this context. This review identifies some of the miRNA sequences which play a key role in regulating “foam” cell formation and atherogenesis, highlighting sequences involved in cholesterol accumulation, those influencing inflammation in sterol-loaded cells, and novel sequences and pathways which may offer new strategies to influence macrophage function within atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Lightbody
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Marie Walsh Taylor
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Dempsie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Graham
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
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Methods in isolation and characterization of bovine monocytes and macrophages. Methods 2020; 186:22-41. [PMID: 32622986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage system are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. Several subsets of monocytes have been previously identified in mammalian blood, generating different subpopulations of macrophages in tissues. Although their distribution and phenotype are similar to their human counterpart, bovine monocytes and macrophages feature differences in both functions and purification procedures. The specific roles that monocytes and macrophages fulfil in several important diseases of bovine species, including among the others tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, brucellosis or the disease related to peripartum, remain still partially elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of bovine monocytes and macrophages. We will describe methods for their purification and characterization of their major functions, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing, oxidative burst, apoptosis and necrosis. An overview of the flow cytometry and morphological procedures, including cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, that are currently utilized to describe monocyte and macrophage main populations and functions is presented as well.
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Dong J, Qing C, Song F, Wang X, Lu S, Tian M. Potential molecular mechanisms of negative pressure in promoting wound healing. Int Wound J 2020; 17:1428-1438. [PMID: 32515909 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used in various lesions. This study aimed to explore the biological effects of negative pressure on the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), macrophages, and epidermal keratinocyte cells involved in wound healing. PMNs differentiated from HL-60, macrophages were derived from THP-1 monocytes, and keratinocytes were cultured in vitro, and they were treated with 0, -0.03 mp, and -0.05 mp, respectively. Cell ultrastructure; viability; apoptosis; and protein factors such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CCK8, flow cytometry (FCM), ELISA, and simple Western assays, respectively. After negative pressure stimulation, the cell ultrastructure of PMNs and macrophages cells was presented with a marked increase of lysosomes and a relative decrease of mitochondria. In addition, the cell viability was enhanced in PMNs and macrophages in a pressure-dependent manner and apoptosis ratios were significantly reduced in PMNs and macrophages. In addition, under -0.05 negative pressure, IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly increased in PMNs or macrophages. Moreover, increased EGF and EGFR and Cdc42 levels in keratinocytes induced by the -0.05 mpa were detected, indicating that the migration chemotaxis of keratinocyte cells was enhanced. Negative pressure might promote cell proliferation, accelerate inflammatory responses, and promote epithelialisation during wound healing by increasing IFN-γ, IL-17, Cdc42, EGF, and EGFR in PMNs, macrophages, or keratinocytes under different negative pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyun Dong
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Qing
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiqiao Wang
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yang Q, Gao P, Mu M, Tao X, He J, Wu F, Guo S, Qian Z, Song C. [Phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages is suppressed in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:376-381. [PMID: 32376590 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group and ALI (induced by LPS instillation in the airway) model group. AMs were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in both groups, and phagocytosis of the AMs was observed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of IL-33 in the lung tissue of the mice. We also detected the secretion of IL-33 by an alveolar epithelial cell line MLE-12 in response to stimulation with different concentrations of LPS. The AMs from the normal control mice were treated with different concentrations of LPS and IL-33, and the changes in the phagocytic activity of the cells were observed. RESULTS Compared with those in normal control group, the percentage of AMs phagocytosing fluorescent microspheres was significantly decreased, and the expression of IL-33 in lung tissue and IL-33 level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased in ALI mice (P < 0.01). LPS (100-1000 ng/mL) obviously promoted the secretion of IL-33 in cultured MLE-12 cells (P < 0.01). Both LPS (10-500 ng/mL) and IL-33 (100 ng/mL) significantly inhibited the phagocytic activity of the AMs from normal control mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The phagocytic activity of AMs is weakened in ALI mice possibly due to direct LPS stimulation and the inhibitory effect of the alarmin IL-33 produced by LPS-stimulated alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Peiyu Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mimi Mu
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiangnan Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233040, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fengjiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Shujun Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Chuanwang Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu 233030, China
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Singla DK. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP-7) in Inflammation in Heart Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020280. [PMID: 31979268 PMCID: PMC7073173 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 is (BMP-7) is a potent anti-inflammatory growth factor belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It plays an important role in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and skeletal morphogenesis. BMP-7 stimulates the target cells by binding to specific membrane-bound receptor BMPR 2 and transduces signals through mothers against decapentaplegic (Smads) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. To date, rhBMP-7 has been used clinically to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells bordering the bone fracture site into chondrocytes, osteoclasts, the formation of new bone via calcium deposition and to stimulate the repair of bone fracture. However, its use in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is currently being explored. More importantly, these cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation and infiltrated monocytes where BMP-7 has been demonstrated to be a key player in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory monocytes, or M1 macrophages, into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which reduces developed cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of BMP-7 treatment in cardiovascular disease and its role as an anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory growth factor, which emphasizes its potential therapeutic significance in heart diseases.
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Muraki M. Sensitization to cell death induced by soluble Fas ligand and agonistic antibodies with exogenous agents: A review. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Shen DD, Yang ZH, Huang J, Yang F, Lin ZW, Ou YF, Hu MH. Liuweibuqi capsules improve pulmonary function in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with lung-qi deficiency syndrome by regulating STAT4/STAT6 and MMP-9/TIMP-1. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:744-752. [PMID: 31679431 PMCID: PMC6844411 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1666151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Context: Liuweibuqi (LWBQ) capsule has been reported to influence symptoms of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, specific function of LWBQ capsules in COPD with lung-qi deficiency syndrome remains elusive.Objective: This study investigates effect of LWBQ capsules on STAT4/STAT6 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 expression and pulmonary function in stable COPD with lung-qi deficiency syndrome.Materials and methods: Totally, 429 patients diagnosed with stable COPD and lung-qi deficiency syndrome were treated with starch capsules (each time for 9 capsules), or different doses: low (each dose for 8 capsules and 1 LWBQ capsules), medium (each time for 6 capsules and 3 LWBQ capsules), or high (each time for 9 LWBQ capsules) of LWBQ capsules for 30 days, 3 times a day. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC% and DLco%pred were evaluated by pulmonary function meter. STAT4/STAT6 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 expression was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, and serum concentrations of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-6 by ELISA.Results: Spearman rank correlation analysis and ROC curve showed that STAT4/STAT6 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 affected pulmonary functions and curative effect of stable COPD with lung-qi deficiency syndrome. After LWBQ capsule treatment, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and DLco%pred elevated; STAT4/STAT6, MMP-9/TIMP-1, IFN-γ and IL-6 expression declined whereas IL-4 expression increased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FEV1/FVC was negatively correlated with STAT4/STAT6 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 expression in COPD patients.Conclusions: LWBQ capsules play a beneficial role in pulmonary function of stable COPD with lung-qi deficiency syndrome via STAT4/STAT6 and MMP-9/TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, P. R. China
- CONTACT Dan-Dan Shen Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Soochow University, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 58, Changsheng South Road, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hui Yang
- Office of the Party and Government, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, P. R. China
| | - Ji Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Lin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Fei Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, P. R. China
| | - Min-Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, P. R. China
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Cytokine Effects on the Entry of Filovirus Envelope Pseudotyped Virus-Like Particles into Primary Human Macrophages. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100889. [PMID: 31547585 PMCID: PMC6832363 DOI: 10.3390/v11100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the first and also a major site of filovirus replication and, in addition, are a source of multiple cytokines, presumed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection. Some of these cytokines are known to induce macrophage phenotypic changes in vitro, but how macrophage polarization may affect the cell susceptibility to filovirus entry remains largely unstudied. We generated different macrophage subsets using cytokine pre-treatment and subsequently tested their ability to fuse with beta-lactamase containing virus-like particles (VLP), pseudotyped with the surface glycoprotein of Ebola virus (EBOV) or the glycoproteins of other clinically relevant filovirus species. We found that pre-incubation of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with interleukin-10 (IL-10) significantly enhanced filovirus entry into cells obtained from multiple healthy donors, and the IL-10 effect was preserved in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines found to be elevated during EBOV disease. In contrast, fusion of IL-10-treated macrophages with influenza hemagglutinin/neuraminidase pseudotyped VLPs was unchanged or slightly reduced. Importantly, our in vitro data showing enhanced virus entry are consistent with the correlation established between elevated serum IL-10 and increased mortality in filovirus infected patients and also reveal a novel mechanism that may account for the IL-10-mediated increase in filovirus pathogenicity.
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IL-17 Inversely Correlated with IL-10 via the STAT3 Gene in Pneumocystis-Infected Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6750861. [PMID: 31582901 PMCID: PMC6754930 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6750861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a common opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Current studies showed that multiple immune cells and cytokines took part in the host defense against Pneumocystis (PC). However, the roles of IL-17 and IL-10 in the development of PCP have not been elucidated. Methods IL-10 and IL-17 levels in serum from PCP mice were detected via ELISA. The percentages of B10 cells, IL-10+ macrophages, and IL-10+ T cells in the lung from IL-17–/– PCP mice and Th17 cells and IL-17+γδT cells in IL-10–/– PCP mice were examined via flow cytometry. Also, antibody neutralization examination was also performed to elucidate the relationship of IL-17 and IL-10 in the PCP model. Results We noted the increase of IL-17 and IL-10 levels in serum from mice infected with Pneumocystis. Furthermore, deficiency of IL-17 or IL-10 could lead to the delayed clearance of Pneumocystis and more severed lung damage. Our data also demonstrated that IL-17 deficiency enhanced the serum IL-10 level and the percentages of B10 cells, IL-10+ macrophages, and IL-10+ T cells in the lung from PCP mice. Interestingly, we also noted an increase of the IL-17 level in serum and Th17 cell and IL-17+γδT cell percentages in the lung from IL-10–/– PCP mice. Using antibody neutralization experiments, we found that the STAT3 gene might play a critical role in the interplay of IL-17 and IL-10 in PCP. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrated that IL-17 and IL-10 could play the protective roles in the progression of PCP and the inverse correlation of them might be mediated by STAT3.
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Yankovskaya AA, Shevela EY, Sakhno LV, Tikhonova MA, Dome AS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER. Allostimulatory activity as a criterion of the functional phenotype of human macrophages. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:890-896. [PMID: 31447056 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The functional phenotype of macrophages (Mφ) is determined by both differentiation factors and polarization stimuli. In mouse Mφ could be easily divided into the distinct Mφ subtypes. However, the identification of human M1 and M2 cells is much more difficult due to the lack of M1- or M2-specific markers. We assumed that the Mφ capacity to induce T cell proliferation in mixed leukocyte culture, or allostimulatory activity, may be a marker of Mφ functional phenotype. We compared the allostimulatory activity of Mφ differentiated with GM-CSF or M-CSF and polarized into M1, M2a, M2c subtypes using appropriate stimuli. GM-CSF-differentiated M1 Mφ showed pronounced allostimulatory activity whereas the polarization into M2a and M2c of GM-CSF-differentiated Mφ was associated with decreased allostimulatory activity. M-CSF-differentiated M1 Mφ demonstrated the moderate increasing of allostimulatory activity but its level has never reached that of GM-CSF-activated M1. The level of allostimulatory activity of M2a and M2c M-CSF-induced Mφ was comparable to that of GM-CSF-induced M2a and M2c Mφ. Thus, low allostimulatory activity is a common property of human M2a and M2c macrophages regardless of the differentiating factor and a polarizing stimulus and can be used to distinguish between M1 and M2 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Yankovskaya
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia.
| | - E Y Shevela
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia
| | - L V Sakhno
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia
| | - M A Tikhonova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia
| | - A S Dome
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia
| | - A A Ostanin
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia
| | - E R Chernykh
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institute «The Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology», Novosibirsk, Yadrintsevskaya St. 14, 630099, Russia
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de Sousa JR, Da Costa Vasconcelos PF, Quaresma JAS. Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2589-2611. [PMID: 31686866 PMCID: PMC6709804 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s208576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous group of cells with specialized functions depending not only on their subgroup but also on the function of the organ or tissue in which the cells are located. The concept of macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity has been investigated since the 1980s, and more recent studies have identified a diverse spectrum of phenotypic subpopulations. Several types of macrophages play a central role in the response to infectious agents and, along with other components of the immune system, determine the clinical outcome of major infectious diseases. Here, we review the functions of various macrophage phenotypic subpopulations, the concept of macrophage polarization, and the influence of these cells on the evolution of infections. In addition, we emphasize their role in the immune response in vivo and in situ, as well as the molecular effectors and signaling mechanisms used by these cells. Furthermore, we highlight the mechanisms of immune evasion triggered by infectious agents to counter the actions of macrophages and their consequences. Our aim here is to provide an overview of the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of critical transmissible diseases and discuss how elucidation of this relationship could enhance our understanding of the host-pathogen association in organ-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando Da Costa Vasconcelos
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Targeting IL-17A Improves the Dysmotility of the Small Intestine and Alleviates the Injury of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal during Sepsis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1475729. [PMID: 31531179 PMCID: PMC6721283 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1475729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysmotility is a frequent complication during sepsis and plays an important role in the development of secondary infections and multiple organ failure. However, the central mechanisms underlying this process have not been well elucidated. Currently, effective therapies are still lacking for the treatment of sepsis-induced intestinal dysmotility. In this study, we found that the activation of IL-17 signaling within the muscularis propria might be associated with dysmotility of the small intestine during polymicrobial sepsis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that targeting IL-17A partially rescued the motility of the small intestine and alleviated interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) injury during sepsis. The blockade of IL-17A suppressed the dominant sepsis-induced infiltration of M1-polarized macrophages into the muscularis. Additionally, impaired ICC survival may be associated with the oxidative stress injury induced by dominant infiltration of M1-polarized macrophages. Our findings reveal the important role of the IL-17 signaling pathway in the small intestine during sepsis and provide clues for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for treating gastrointestinal dysmotility during sepsis.
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McShane L, Tabas I, Lemke G, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Maffia P. TAM receptors in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1286-1295. [PMID: 30980657 PMCID: PMC6587925 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TAM receptors are a distinct family of three receptor tyrosine kinases, namely Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK. Since their discovery in the early 1990s, they have been studied for their ability to influence numerous diseases, including cancer, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The TAM receptors demonstrate an ability to influence multiple aspects of cardiovascular pathology via their diverse effects on cells of both the vasculature and the immune system. In this review, we will explore the various functions of the TAM receptors and how they influence cardiovascular disease through regulation of vascular remodelling, efferocytosis and inflammation. Based on this information, we will suggest areas in which further research is required and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McShane
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ira Tabas
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA,Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK,Corresponding authors. Tel: +44 141 330 7142; E-mail: (P.M.) Tel: +44 141 330 6085; E-mail: (M.K.-S.)
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Corresponding authors. Tel: +44 141 330 7142; E-mail: (P.M.) Tel: +44 141 330 6085; E-mail: (M.K.-S.)
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Changes in the Activity of Ovine Blood-derived Macrophages Stimulated with Antimicrobial Peptide Extract (AMP) or Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP). J Vet Res 2019; 63:235-242. [PMID: 31276063 PMCID: PMC6598179 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a large group of innate immune effectors, which apart from antimicrobial activity show immunomodulative properties. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of autologous growth factors and is used for stimulation of bone and soft tissue healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PRP and AMP extract on ovine monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. Material and Methods The study was conducted on ovine macrophages (Mfs) previously stimulated with LPS or dexamethasone and then with preparations of PRP or AMP. Following activation of the Mfs their morphological and functional features were assessed. Results The study revealed pro-inflammatory influence of both examined preparations on Mfs cultures on the basis of morphology, ROS generation and arginase activity. Both preparations enhanced the pro-inflammatory response of cultured Mfs. Conclusion This activity may intensify the antimicrobial action of Mfs, however, in cases of excessive and prolonged inflammation the use of these preparations should be limited.
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Raddatz MA, Madhur MS, Merryman WD. Adaptive immune cells in calcific aortic valve disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H141-H155. [PMID: 31050556 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00100.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent and has no pharmaceutical treatment. Surgical replacement of the aortic valve has proved effective in advanced disease but is costly, time limited, and in many cases not optimal for elderly patients. This has driven an increasing interest in noninvasive therapies for patients with CAVD. Adaptive immune cell signaling in the aortic valve has shown potential as a target for such a therapy. Up to 15% of cells in the healthy aortic valve are hematopoietic in origin, and these cells, which include macrophages, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, are increased further in calcified specimens. Additionally, cytokine signaling has been shown to play a causative role in aortic valve calcification both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the physiological presence of hematopoietic cells in the valve, innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration in disease states, and the cytokine signaling pathways that play a significant role in CAVD pathophysiology and may prove to be pharmaceutical targets for this disease in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Raddatz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Drareni K, Gautier JF, Venteclef N, Alzaid F. Transcriptional control of macrophage polarisation in type 2 diabetes. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:515-529. [PMID: 31049647 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is considered today as an inflammatory disease. Inflammatory processes in T2D are orchestrated by macrophage activation in different organs. Macrophages undergo classical M1 pro-inflammatory or alternative M2 anti-inflammatory activation in response to tissue microenvironmental signals. These subsets of macrophages are characterised by their expression of cell surface markers, secreted cytokines and chemokines. Transcriptional regulation is central to the polarisation of macrophages, and several major pathways have been described as essential to promote the expression of specific genes, which dictate the functional polarisation of macrophages. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of transcriptional control of macrophage polarisation and the role this plays in development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Drareni
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006, Paris, France.,Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, Diabetology Department, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006, Paris, France.
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Mora-Ruíz MD, Blanco-Favela F, Chávez Rueda AK, Legorreta-Haquet MV, Chávez-Sánchez L. Role of interleukin-17 in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Immunol 2019; 107:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rodelo-Haad C, Agüera ML, Carmona A, Navarro MD, Carracedo J, Rodriguez-Benot A, Aljama P. Pancreatic autoantibodies and CD14+CD16+ monocytes subset are associated with the impairment of ß-cell function after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212547. [PMID: 30794611 PMCID: PMC6386378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic autoantibodies (AAb) has been associated with a worse pancreas graft survival after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK). However, due to the variable time for AAb to become positive and the lack of early biomarkers suggesting such autoimmune activation, the mechanisms leading ß-cell destruction remain uncertain. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between post-transplant AAb and the functional impairment of the pancreatic ß-cell and also the association of such AAb with inflammation after SPK. In a longitudinal study, we analyzed the impact of post-transplant glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) and the insulinoma-associated autoantigen 2 (IA-2) AAb on pancreas graft function. Serum Hb1Ac and C-peptide (C-pep) were longitudinally compared between a group with positive posttransplant AAb (AAb+; n = 40) and another matched group with negative AAb (AAb-; n = 40) until the fifth year following seroconversion. In the cross-sectional analysis, we further evaluated the systemic signatures of inflammation by measuring pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes by flow-cytometry and interleukin 17-A serum levels in 38 SPK recipients and ten healthy controls. In the longitudinal study, patients with AAb+ showed higher levels of Hb1Ac (p<0.001) and lower C-pep levels (p<0.001) compared to those who remained AAb- throughout the follow-up. In the cross-sectional study, AAb+ patients showed a higher percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes compared with those with AAb- and the healthy controls (6.70±4.19% versus 4.0±1.84% and 3.44±0.93%; p = 0.026 and 0.009 respectively). Also, CD14+CD16+ monocytes correlated with Hb1Ac and C-pep serum levels. Multivariate logistic regression showed that posttransplant AAb+ was independently associated with a higher percentage of pro-inflammatory monocytes (adjusted-OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.05–2.40, p = 0.027). The group of patients with positive AAb also showed higher levels of IL17A as compared with the other groups (either healthy control or the negative AAb subjects). In conclusion, pancreatic AAb+ after SPK were not only associated with higher Hb1Ac and lower c-peptide serum levels but also with an increased percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes and higher levels of circulating IL17-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rodelo-Haad
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Luisa Agüera
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Carmona
- Nephrology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Navarro
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Carracedo
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Benot
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Aljama
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Nephrology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
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Zizzo G, Cohen PL. Antibody Cross-Linking of CD14 Activates MerTK and Promotes Human Macrophage Clearance of Apoptotic Neutrophils: the Dual Role of CD14 at the Crossroads Between M1 and M2c Polarization. Inflammation 2019; 41:2206-2221. [PMID: 30091033 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is key for efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (ANs) and homeostasis of IL-10 production by human anti-inflammatory M2c monocytes/macrophages. We asked whether stimulation of M2c surface receptors contributes in turn to MerTK activation. For this purpose, human monocytes/macrophages were differentiated under M1, M2a, and M2c polarizing conditions. The effects of antibody-mediated cross-linking of M2c receptors (i.e., CD14, CD16, CD32, CD163, CD204) on MerTK phosphorylation and phagocytosis of ANs were tested. MerTK expression was also studied by flow cytometry and western blot in the presence of LPS and in M2c-derived microvesicles (MVs). Antibody cross-linking of either CD14 or CD32/FcγRII led to Syk activation and MerTK phosphorylation in its two distinct glycoforms (175-205 and 135-155 kDa). Cross-linked CD14 enhanced efferocytosis by M2c macrophages and enabled M1 and M2a cells to clear ANs efficiently. In M1 conditions, LPS abolished surface MerTK expression on CD14bright cell subsets, so disrupting the anti-inflammatory pathway. In M2c cells, instead, MerTK was diffusely and brightly co-expressed with CD14, and was also detected in M2c macrophage-derived MVs; in these conditions, LPS only partially downregulated MerTK on cell surfaces, while the smaller MerTK glycoform contained in MVs remained intact. Altogether, cooperation between CD14 and MerTK may foster the clearance of ANs by human monocytes/macrophages. CD14 stands between M1-related LPS co-receptor activity and M2c-related MerTK-dependent response. MerTK interaction with CD32/FcγRII, its detection in M2c MVs, and the differential localization and LPS susceptibility of MerTK glycoforms add further new elements to the complexity of the MerTK network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Zizzo
- Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3322 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Philip L Cohen
- Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3322 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang G, Zhang HP, Kang DY, Peng ZG, Ji YL, Wang L, Gibson PG, Wang G. Depressive symptom-associated IL-1β and TNF-α release correlates with impaired bronchodilator response and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:770-780. [PMID: 30675924 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms worsen asthma outcomes; however, the mechanism remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether depressive symptom-associated immune inflammation correlates with impaired bronchodilator response (BDR) and airway inflammatory phenotypes. METHODS Eligible adults with asthma (n = 198) underwent clinical assessment, sputum induction and blood sampling. Depressive symptoms were defined by scores on the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed for BDR. Airway inflammatory phenotypes were defined by sputum cell counts. CRP, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL17 and CCL22 in serum and sputum were detected. RESULTS Compared with the non-depressive group (n = 174), the depressive group (n = 24) exhibited impaired BDR (P = 0.032) and increased sputum neutrophils (P = 0.023), which correlated with the HADS-D scores (P = 0.027 and P = 0.029). Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum and those of IL-1β and IFN-γ in the sputum were elevated in the depressive group compared to those in the non-depressive group (all P < 0.05). Multiple regression models indicated that TNF-α in the sputum and IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ in both the serum and sputum were inversely associated with BDR; TNF-α in the sputum and IL-1β in both the serum and sputum were positively correlated with sputum neutrophils. Mediation analyses revealed that IL-1β and TNF-α in the sputum and IL-1β in both the serum and sputum mediate the correlations of the HADS-D scores with BDR and sputum neutrophils, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Asthma patients with depressive symptoms present worse asthma control, which is most likely explained by impaired BDR and neutrophilic airway inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-α, which are two key pro-inflammatory cytokines that mediate the correlation of depressive symptoms with impaired BDR and neutrophilic airway inflammation, may serve as targeted biomarkers in the neuropsychological phenotype of asthma; however, this result needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Ping Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Ying Kang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zu Gui Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lin Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Gerard Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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48
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Chen Y, Dong J, Liu J, Xu W, Wei Z, Li Y, Wu H, Xiao H. Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation of Protective Mechanism of Aster tataricus on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E543. [PMID: 30696024 PMCID: PMC6387216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical condition that badly influences people's health. Recent studies indicated that Aster tataricus (RA) had potential effects on ALI, but the effective components and their mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that the Fraction-75 eluted from RA extract could significantly protect the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice, including alleviating the severity of lung pathology, attenuating the pulmonary edema, and reducing the release of inflammatory cells. Further ingredient analyses demonstrated that there were mainly 16 components in it, among which 10 components were collected according to their relative peak area and oral bioavailability. Next, the components-disease targets network suggested that the candidate components had extensive associations with 49 known therapeutic targets of ALI, among which 31 targets could be regulated by more than one component. Herein, GO functional and pathway analysis revealed that the common targets were associated with four biological processes, including the inflammatory response to stimulus, cellular process, chemokine biosynthetic process and immune system process. Furthermore, the ELISA validation indicated that the candidate components in RA extract may protect the LPS-induced ALI mainly through inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoting the repair of vascular endothelial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ziyi Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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49
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Toubi E, Vadasz Z. Innate immune-responses and their role in driving autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:306-311. [PMID: 30639645 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases were always considered to be driven mainly by adaptive immune responses, namely by auto-reactive B and T cell over-activity. The continuous stimulation of dendritic cells by autoantigens increases B cell activity, driving auto-reactive B cells to increase the production of autoantibodies and of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, a subset of dendritic cells is established being of tolerogenic properties thus becoming important in maintaining self-tolerance. However, early innate immune responses are continuously appreciated to be highly important in the development of immune-mediated inflammation in general and autoimmunity in particular. The innate immune system is a complex network of structured cells/proteins such as antigen presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells), the complement cascade, and many receptors/cytokines/proteins. Of these, one may mention the high expression of toll-like receptors 7 and 9 in antigen presenting cells, and B cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients contributing to the expansion of auto-reactive B cells. C-reactive protein (CRP) and C1q are crucially important for efficient uptake of apoptotic cells. However, CRP is appreciated to have a role in maintaining anti-inflammatory responses and in altering autoimmunity. Natural killer cells (NK) are responsible for cytotoxicity responses but some of them (mainly CD56high), are important in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance, thus considered to be immune-regulatory cells. In this review we will cover most of the new data on innate immune system and discuss its importance in the development of autoimmunity. New treatments were developed following our better understanding of these pathways, the targeting of which, opened new therapeutic avenues in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Toubi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zahava Vadasz
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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50
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Lai YS, Putra RBDS, Aui SP, Chang KT. M2 C Polarization by Baicalin Enhances Efferocytosis via Upregulation of MERTK Receptor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1899-1914. [PMID: 30518232 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is the main active ingredient primary isolated from the Chinese herb, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Although baicalin can induce M2 macrophage polarization, we still do not know the subtype of macrophages polarized by baicalin. In this study, we characterized that murine bone marrow derived macrophages induced by M-CSF can be further polarized into M2C phenotype by baicalin. The signatures of M2C macrophages for mRNA expression like interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), MERTK and PTX3 were up-regulated. Moreover, we observed the concomitantly decreasing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), IL-6. In contrast, M2 macrophages polarized by IL-4 increased gene transcript of arginase-1 (Arg-1) and surface marker of CD206 indicates that their identity as M2A rather than M2C subtypes. Interestingly, the phagocytosis as well as efferocytosis activity were significantly enhanced in M2C macrophage polarized by baicalin and these capacities were associated with the expression of MERTK receptor. Finally, we conclude that baicalin induced M2C macrophages polarization with both elevations of efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Siew Lai
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.,† Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Peir Aui
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Tung Chang
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.,† Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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