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Cabral-Piccin MP, Papagno L, Lahaye X, Perdomo-Celis F, Volant S, White E, Monceaux V, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Fromentin R, Price DA, Chomont N, Manel N, Saez-Cirion A, Appay V. Primary role of type I interferons for the induction of functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in HIV infection. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104557. [PMID: 37058769 PMCID: PMC10130611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells equipped with a full arsenal of antiviral effector functions are critical for effective immune control of HIV-1. It has nonetheless remained unclear how best to elicit such potent cellular immune responses in the context of immunotherapy or vaccination. HIV-2 has been associated with milder disease manifestations and more commonly elicits functionally replete virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses compared with HIV-1. We aimed to learn from this immunological dichotomy and to develop informed strategies that could enhance the induction of robust CD8+ T cell responses against HIV-1. METHODS We developed an unbiased in vitro system to compare the de novo induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses after exposure to HIV-1 or HIV-2. The functional properties of primed CD8+ T cells were assessed using flow cytometry and molecular analyses of gene transcription. FINDINGS HIV-2 primed functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with enhanced survival properties more effectively than HIV-1. This superior induction process was dependent on type I interferons (IFNs) and could be mimicked via the adjuvant delivery of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a known agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). CD8+ T cells elicited in the presence of cGAMP were polyfunctional and highly sensitive to antigen stimulation, even after priming from people living with HIV-1. INTERPRETATION HIV-2 primes CD8+ T cells with potent antiviral functionality by activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/STING pathway, which results in the production of type I IFNs. This process may be amenable to therapeutic development via the use of cGAMP or other STING agonists to bolster CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1. FUNDING This work was funded by INSERM, the Institut Curie, and the University of Bordeaux (Senior IdEx Chair) and by grants from Sidaction (17-1-AAE-11097, 17-1-FJC-11199, VIH2016126002, 20-2-AEQ-12822-2, and 22-2-AEQ-13411), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche sur le SIDA (ECTZ36691, ECTZ25472, ECTZ71745, and ECTZ118797), and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (EQ U202103012774). D.A.P. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (100326/Z/12/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela P Cabral-Piccin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lahaye
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Department, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Eoghann White
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Department, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Asier Saez-Cirion
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 75015, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Viral Reservoirs and Immune Control Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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2
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Cao D, Chen L, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Zhao L, Yuan C, Lu J, Liu X, Li J. Biodegradable nanomaterials for diagnosis and therapy of tumors. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1829-1848. [PMID: 36786439 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although degradable nanomaterials have been widely designed and applied for cancer bioimaging and various cancer treatments, few reviews of biodegradable nanomaterials have been reported. Herein, we have summarized the representative research advances of biodegradable nanomaterials with respect to the mechanism of degradation and their application in tumor imaging and therapy. First, four kinds of tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive degradation are presented, including pH, glutathione (GSH), hypoxia and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) responsive degradation. Second, external stimulation degradation is summarized briefly. Next, we have outlined the applications of nanomaterials in bioimaging. Finally, we have focused on some typical examples of biodegradable nanomaterials in radiotherapy (RT), photothermal therapy (PTT), starvation therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), gene therapy, immunotherapy and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmiao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Linjing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Chunping Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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3
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Proietto D, Dallan B, Gallerani E, Albanese V, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Appay V, Pacifico S, Caputo A, Nicoli F, Gavioli R. Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8 + T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010154. [PMID: 36679999 PMCID: PMC9867380 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the immune system are thought to underlie the vulnerability of elderly individuals to emerging viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we used a fully validated in vitro approach to determine how age impacts the generation of de novo CD8+ T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Our data revealed a generalized deficit in the ability of elderly individuals to prime the differentiation of naïve precursors into effector CD8+ T cells defined by the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and the transcription factor T-bet. As a consequence, there was an age-related decline in the diversity of newly generated CD8+ T cell responses targeting a range of typically immunodominant epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by an overall reduction in the expression frequency of IFN-γ. These findings have potential implications for the development of new strategies to protect the elderly against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A. Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Guzelj S, Weiss M, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Jakopin Ž. Covalently Conjugated NOD2/TLR7 Agonists Are Potent and Versatile Immune Potentiators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15085-15101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Weiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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5
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TLR2 agonistic lipopeptide enriched PLGA nanoparticles as combinatorial drug delivery vehicle. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Rouanet M, Hanoun N, Hubert Lulka, Ferreira C, Garcin P, Sramek M, Jacquemin G, Coste A, Pagan D, Valle C, Sarot E, Pancaldi V, Lopez F, Buscail L, Cordelier P. The antitumoral activity of TLR7 ligands is corrupted by the microenvironment of pancreatic tumors. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1553-1563. [PMID: 35038581 PMCID: PMC9077317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the innate immune system. Recent studies have suggested that they may affect the growth of pancreatic cancer, a disease with no cure. Among them, TLR7 shows promise for therapy but may also promotes tumor growth. Thus, we aimed to clarify the therapeutic potential of TLR7 ligands in experimental pancreatic cancer models, to open the door for clinical applications. In vitro, we found that TLR7 ligands strongly inhibit the proliferation of both human and murine pancreatic cancer cells, compared with TLR2 agonists. Hence, TLR7 treatment alters cancer cells' cell cycle and induces cell death by apoptosis. In vivo, TLR7 agonist therapy significantly delays the growth of murine pancreatic tumors engrafted in immunodeficient mice. Remarkably, TLR7 ligands administration instead increases tumor growth and accelerates animal death when tumors are engrafted in immunocompetent models. Further investigations revealed that TLR7 agonists modulate the intratumoral content and phenotype of macrophages and that depleting such tumor-associated macrophages strongly hampers TLR7 agonist-induced tumor growth. Collectively, our findings shine a light on the duality of action of TLR7 agonists in experimental cancer models and call into question their use for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rouanet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Department of Gastroenterology and University of Toulouse III, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Naima Hanoun
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hubert Lulka
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cindy Ferreira
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Garcin
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Sramek
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Godefroy Jacquemin
- Institut RESTORE, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- Institut RESTORE, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Pagan
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Valle
- Technological cluster, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Sarot
- Technological cluster, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lopez
- Technological cluster, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Department of Gastroenterology and University of Toulouse III, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Nicoli F, Cabral-Piccin MP, Papagno L, Gallerani E, Fusaro M, Folcher V, Dubois M, Clave E, Vallet H, Frere JJ, Gostick E, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Toubert A, Dupré L, Boddaert J, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Appay V. Altered Basal Lipid Metabolism Underlies the Functional Impairment of Naive CD8 + T Cells in Elderly Humans. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:562-570. [PMID: 35031578 PMCID: PMC7615155 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with functional deficits in the naive T cell compartment, which compromise the generation of de novo immune responses against previously unencountered Ags. The mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have nonetheless remained unclear. We found that naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans were prone to apoptosis and proliferated suboptimally in response to stimulation via the TCR. These abnormalities were associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism under homeostatic conditions and enhanced levels of basal activation. Importantly, reversal of the bioenergetic anomalies with lipid-altering drugs, such as rosiglitazone, almost completely restored the Ag responsiveness of naive CD8+ T cells. Interventions that favor lipid catabolism may therefore find utility as adjunctive therapies in the elderly to promote vaccine-induced immunity against targetable cancers and emerging pathogens, such as seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicoli
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France;
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariela P Cabral-Piccin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Université Toulouse III, INSERM UMR1291/CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Victor Folcher
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Marion Dubois
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Justin J Frere
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Université Toulouse III, INSERM UMR1291/CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France;
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164, INSERM ERL1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
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8
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Radakovics K, Battin C, Leitner J, Geiselhart S, Paster W, Stöckl J, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Steinberger P. A Highly Sensitive Cell-Based TLR Reporter Platform for the Specific Detection of Bacterial TLR Ligands. Front Immunol 2022; 12:817604. [PMID: 35087538 PMCID: PMC8786796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.817604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are primary pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize conserved microbial components. They play important roles in innate immunity but also in the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Impurities containing TLR ligands are a frequent problem in research but also for the production of therapeutics since TLR ligands can exert strong immunomodulatory properties even in minute amounts. Consequently, there is a need for sensitive tools to detect TLR ligands with high sensitivity and specificity. Here we describe the development of a platform based on a highly sensitive NF-κB::eGFP reporter Jurkat JE6-1 T cell line for the detection of TLR ligands. Ectopic expression of TLRs and their coreceptors and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of endogenously expressed TLRs was deployed to generate reporter cell lines selectively expressing functional human TLR2/1, TLR2/6, TLR4 or TLR5 complexes. Using well-defined agonists for the respective TLR complexes we could demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity of the individual reporter lines. The limit of detection for LPS was below 1 pg/mL and ligands for TLR2/1 (Pam3CSK4), TLR2/6 (Fsl-1) and TLR5 (flagellin) were detected at concentrations as low as 1.0 ng/mL, 0.2 ng/mL and 10 pg/mL, respectively. We showed that the JE6-1 TLR reporter cells have the utility to characterize different commercially available TLR ligands as well as more complex samples like bacterially expressed proteins or allergen extracts. Impurities in preparations of microbial compounds as well as the lack of specificity of detection systems can lead to erroneous results and currently there is no consensus regarding the involvement of TLRs in the recognition of several molecules with proposed immunostimulatory functions. This reporter system represents a highly suitable tool for the definition of structural requirements for agonists of distinct TLR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Radakovics
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Geiselhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Clinical Cell Biology and FACS Core Unit, St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Division Regulation of the Immune System, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Built-in adjuvants for use in vaccines. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113917. [PMID: 34688011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine refers to biological products that are produced using various pathogenic microorganisms for inoculation. The goal of vaccination is to induce a robust immune response against a specific antigen, thus preventing the organism from getting infected. In vaccines, adjuvants have been widely employed to enhance immunity against specific antigens. An ideal adjuvant should be stable, biodegradable, and low cost, not induce system rejection and promote an immune response. Various adjuvant components have been investigated across diverse applications. Typically, adjuvants are employed to meet the following objectives: (1) to improve the effectiveness of immunization with vaccines for specific populations, such as newborns and the elderly; (2) enhance the immunogenicity of highly purified or recombinant antigens; (3) allow immunization with a smaller dose of the vaccine, reducing drug dosage. In the present review, we primarily focus on chemically synthesized compounds that can be used as built-in adjuvants. We elaborate the classification of these compounds based on the induced immune activation mechanism and summarize their application in various vaccine types.
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10
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Kaur A, Kanwar R, Kaushik D, Sakala IG, Honda-Okubo Y, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB, Mehta SK. Combined delivery of TLR2 and TLR7 agonists by Nanostructured lipid carriers induces potent vaccine adjuvant activity in mice. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121378. [PMID: 34915144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising adjuvants and the combination of TLR agonists enhance immune responses by providing synergistic immune activity via triggering different signalling pathways. However, systematic cytotoxicity due to the immediate release of such immune potentiators from the site of injection hampers its clinical performance. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) offer a possibility to incorporate multiple TLR agonists with high encapsulation efficiency and slow drug release. Herein, we synthesized NLCs from didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (D12DAB) and oleic acid and used these to co-encapsulate a Pam2CS derivative (T-2, TLR2 agonist) with an imidazoquinoline derivative (T-7, TLR7 agonist) as a combination vaccine adjuvant. Hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the prepared NLCs were found to be in the range of 200-500 nm and 23-27 mV, respectively. Spherical shape and size of prepared NLCs were also assessed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. In-vitro release studies of T-7 demonstrated sustained release and the addition of lipopeptide T-2 augmented encapsulation efficiency (from 84 to 92.9%) with a slight trigger in the release percentage. All NLC formulations were screened in TLR2/1, TLR2/6, TLR7 and TLR8 reporter cell lines and loaded NLC formulation showed high TLR2 and TLR7 agonistic activity. Adjuvant potency was evaluated through intramuscular immunization of female C57BL/6 mice with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen and influenza hemagglutinin protein. T-2 and T-7 loaded NLCs induced good protective efficacy in mice challenged with a lethal dose of influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohini Kanwar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Isaac G Sakala
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Surinder K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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11
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Pogostin BH, McHugh KJ. Novel Vaccine Adjuvants as Key Tools for Improving Pandemic Preparedness. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:155. [PMID: 34821721 PMCID: PMC8615241 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Future infectious disease outbreaks are inevitable; therefore, it is critical that we maximize our readiness for these events by preparing effective public health policies and healthcare innovations. Although we do not know the nature of future pathogens, antigen-agnostic platforms have the potential to be broadly useful in the rapid response to an emerging infection-particularly in the case of vaccines. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, recent advances in mRNA engineering have proven paramount in the rapid design and production of effective vaccines. Comparatively, however, the development of new adjuvants capable of enhancing vaccine efficacy has been lagging. Despite massive improvements in our understanding of immunology, fewer than ten adjuvants have been approved for human use in the century since the discovery of the first adjuvant. Modern adjuvants can improve vaccines against future pathogens by reducing cost, improving antigen immunogenicity, and increasing antigen stability. In this perspective, we survey the current state of adjuvant use, highlight potentially impactful preclinical adjuvants, and propose new measures to accelerate adjuvant safety testing and technology sharing to enable the use of "off-the-shelf" adjuvant platforms for rapid vaccine testing and deployment in the face of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin J. McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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12
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Yan Y, Yao D, Li X. Immunological Mechanism and Clinical Application of PAMP Adjuvants. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:30-43. [PMID: 33563182 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210201114712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The host innate immune system can recognize Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) through Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), thereby initiating innate immune responses and subsequent adaptive immune responses. PAMPs can be developed as a vaccine adjuvant for modulating and optimizing antigen-specific immune responses, especially in combating viral infections and tumor therapy. Although several PAMP adjuvants have been successfully developed they are still lacking in general, and many of them are in the preclinical exploration stage. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the research progress and development direction of PAMP adjuvants, focusing on their immune mechanisms and clinical applications. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for this information. We highlight the immune mechanisms and clinical applications of PAMP adjuvants. RESULTS Because of the differences in receptor positions, specific immune cells targets, and signaling pathways, the detailed molecular mechanism and pharmacokinetic properties of one agonist cannot be fully generalized to another agonist, and each PAMP should be studied separately. In addition, combination therapy and effective integration of different adjuvants can increase the additional efficacy of innate and adaptive immune responses. CONCLUSION The mechanisms by which PAMPs exert adjuvant functions are diverse. With continuous discovery in the future, constant adjustments should be made to build new understandings. At present, the goal of therapeutic vaccination is to induce T cells that can specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells and establish long-term immune memory. Following immune checkpoint modulation therapy, cancer treatment vaccines may be an option worthy of clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Dan Yao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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13
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Kaushik D, Kaur A, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Structural evolution of toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists from imidazoquinolines to imidazoles. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1065-1120. [PMID: 34355178 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several synthetic heterocyclic small molecules like imiquimod, resiquimod, CL097, CL075, bromopirone, tilorone, loxoribine and isatoribine demonstrated TLR7/8 agonistic activity and relatively modest structural changes in such molecules result in major variation in the TLR7 and/or TLR8 activity. A strict dependency of the electronic configuration of the heterocyclic system was also observed to influence the agonistic activity. In the present review, an evolution of imidazole based TLR7/8 agonist from imidazoquinoline based scaffold is delineated along with the elaboration of detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) in each chemotype. The structural and activity details of not only the active compounds but also the related inactive compounds are included to better understand the SAR. TLR7/8 agonists are emerging as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates and the present SAR and structural information will provide a road map towards the identification of more potent and appropriate candidates for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd 11 Walkley Avenue Warradale 5046 Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Bedford Park 5042 Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India .,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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14
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Kakwere H, Zhang H, Ingham ES, Nura-Raie M, Tumbale SK, Allen R, Tam SM, Wu B, Liu C, Kheirolomoom A, Fite BZ, Ilovitsh A, Lewis JS, Ferrara KW. Systemic Immunotherapy with Micellar Resiquimod-Polymer Conjugates Triggers a Robust Antitumor Response in a Breast Cancer Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100008. [PMID: 33646600 PMCID: PMC8153207 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod is an immunopotent toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist with antitumor activity. Despite being potent against skin cancers, it is poorly tolerated systemically due to toxicity. Integrating resiquimod into nanoparticles presents an avenue to circumvent the toxicity problem. Herein, the preparation of degradable nanoparticles with covalently bound resiquimod and their systemic application in cancer immunotherapy is reported. Dispersion in water of amphiphilic constructs integrating resiquimod covalently bound via degradable amide or ester linkages yields immune-activating nanoparticles. The degradable agonist-nanoparticle bonds allow the release of resiquimod from the carrier nanoparticles. In vitro assays with antigen presenting cells demonstrate that the nanoparticles retain the immunostimulatory activity of resiquimod. Systemic administration of the nanoparticles and checkpoint blockade (aPD-1) to a breast cancer mouse model with multiple established tumors triggers antitumor activity evidenced by suppressed tumor growth and enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Nanoparticles with ester links, which hydrolyze more readily, yield a stronger immune response with 75% of tumors eliminated when combined with aPD-1. The reduced tumor growth and the presence of activated CD8+ T-cells across multiple tumors suggest the potential for treating metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Kakwere
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marina Nura-Raie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Riley Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Asaf Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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15
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Cuzzubbo S, Mangsbo S, Nagarajan D, Habra K, Pockley AG, McArdle SEB. Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615240. [PMID: 33679703 PMCID: PMC7927599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked the development of many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, many are poorly immunogenic and thus, lack clinical efficacy. Adjuvants are therefore incorporated into vaccine formulations to trigger strong and long-lasting immune responses. Adjuvants have generally been classified into two categories: those that ‘depot’ antigens (e.g. mineral salts such as aluminum hydroxide, emulsions, liposomes) and those that act as immunostimulants (Toll Like Receptor agonists, saponins, cytokines). In addition, several novel technologies using vector-based delivery of antigens have been used. Unfortunately, the immune system declines with age, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence, and this is characterized by functional changes in both innate and adaptive cellular immunity systems as well as in lymph node architecture. While many of the immune functions decline over time, others paradoxically increase. Indeed, aging is known to be associated with a low level of chronic inflammation—inflamm-aging. Given that the median age of cancer diagnosis is 66 years and that immunotherapeutic interventions such as cancer vaccines are currently given in combination with or after other forms of treatments which themselves have immune-modulating potential such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the choice of adjuvants requires careful consideration in order to achieve the maximum immune response in a compromised environment. In addition, more clinical trials need to be performed to carefully assess how less conventional form of immune adjuvants, such as exercise, diet and psychological care which have all be shown to influence immune responses can be incorporated to improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines. In this review, adjuvants will be discussed with respect to the above-mentioned important elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cuzzubbo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Ultimovacs AB, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Divya Nagarajan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Clinical pathology Rudbeck laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kinana Habra
- The School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E B McArdle
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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16
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Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Nanodelivery Systems for mRNA-Based Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010045. [PMID: 33396817 PMCID: PMC7823281 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have shown promise against infectious diseases and several types of cancer in the last two decades. Their promise can be attributed to their safety profiles, high potency, and ability to be rapidly and affordably manufactured. Now, many RNA-based vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. However, until recently, their development has been limited by their instability and inefficient in vivo transfection. The nanodelivery system plays a dual function in RNA-based vaccination by acting as a carrier system and as an adjuvant. That is due to its similarity to microorganisms structurally and size-wise; the nanodelivery system can augment the response by the immune system via simulating the natural infection process. Nanodelivery systems allow non-invasive mucosal administration, targeted immune cell delivery, and controlled delivery, reducing the need for multiple administrations. They also allow co-encapsulating with immunostimulators to improve the overall adjuvant capacity. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent developments and applications of biodegradable nanodelivery systems that improve RNA-based vaccine delivery and enhance the immunological response against targeted diseases.
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17
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Kaur A, Kaushik D, Piplani S, Mehta SK, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. TLR2 Agonistic Small Molecules: Detailed Structure-Activity Relationship, Applications, and Future Prospects. J Med Chem 2020; 64:233-278. [PMID: 33346636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microbial species. Among the various TLRs, TLR2 has a special place due to its ability to sense the widest repertoire of PAMPs owing to its heterodimerization with either TLR1 or TLR6, broadening its ligand diversity against pathogens. Various scaffolds are reported to activate TLR2, which include naturally occurring lipoproteins, synthetic lipopeptides, and small heterocyclic molecules. We described a detailed SAR in TLR2 agonistic scaffolds and also covered the design and chemistry for the conjugation of TLR2 agonists to antigens, carbohydrates, polymers, and fluorophores. The approaches involved in delivery of TLR2 agonists such as lipidation of antigen, conjugation to polymers, phosphonic acids, and other linkers to achieve surface adsorption, liposomal formulation, and encapsulating nanoparticles are elaborated. The crystal structure analysis and computational modeling are also included with the structural features that facilitate TLR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, Australia 5046.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Surinder K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, Australia 5046.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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18
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Manna S, Maiti S, Shen J, Du W, Esser-Kahn AP. Pathogen-like Nanoassemblies of Covalently Linked TLR Agonists Enhance CD8 and NK Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2071-2078. [PMID: 33274283 PMCID: PMC7706081 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapies based on Toll Like Receptor agonists (TLRa) are emerging as a promising modality for cancer immunotherapy to recruit antitumor T-cells in unresponsive immunologically "cold" tumors. Often, combinations of agonists are employed to synergistically enhance efficacy. However, low efficacy and severe toxicities deter these TLR-based therapeutics from further clinical applications. Studies have suggested that the rapid systemic diffusion of agonists to nontarget tissues is the primary cause. To address this challenge, we developed supramolecular nanotherapeutics of covalently linked TLRas for multivalent, synergistic interactions by drawing inspiration from immune recognition of pathogens. This new nanotherapeutic increased stimulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and remarkably enhanced CD8 and NK cell-mediated antitumor response while exhibiting ultralow off-target toxicity in an aggressive B16.F10 tumor model. Results from our studies thereby indicate that such supramolecular immune-agonist therapeutics may be further developed as a viable treatment modality for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Manna
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sampa Maiti
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Material, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858, United States
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Material, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858, United States
- (W.D.)
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- (A.P.E-K.)
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19
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Gutjahr A, Papagno L, Vernejoul F, Lioux T, Jospin F, Chanut B, Perouzel E, Rochereau N, Appay V, Verrier B, Paul S. New chimeric TLR7/NOD2 agonist is a potent adjuvant to induce mucosal immune responses. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102922. [PMID: 32739871 PMCID: PMC7393532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor) agonists have been widely tested as potent vaccine adjuvants. TLR7 (Toll-Like Receptor 7) and NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) are key innate receptors widely expressed at mucosal levels. Methods Here, we evaluated the immunostimulatory properties of a novel hybrid chemical compound designed to stimulate both TLR7 and NOD2 receptors. Finding The combined TLR7/NOD2 agonist showed increase efficacy than TLR7L or NOD2L agonists alone or combined in different in vitro models. Dual TLR7/NOD2 agonist efficiently stimulates TLR7 and NOD2, and promotes the maturation and reprogramming of human dendritic cells, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory or adaptive cytokines. This molecule also strongly induces autophagy in human cells which is a major intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes in both MHC class I and II-restricted antigen presentation. In vivo, TLR7/NOD2L agonist is a potent adjuvant after intranasal administration with NP-p24 HIV vaccine, inducing high-quality humoral and adaptive responses both in systemic and mucosal compartments. Use of TLR7/NOD2L adjuvant improves very significantly the protection of mice against an intranasal challenge with a vaccinia virus expressing the p24. Interpretation Dual TLR7/NOD2L agonist is a very potent and versatile vaccine adjuvant and promote very efficiently both systemic and mucosal immunity. Funding This work was supported by 10.13039/100009060Sidaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gutjahr
- InvivoGen, 5 Rue Jean Rodier F-31400, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France; Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Lioux
- InvivoGen, 5 Rue Jean Rodier F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eric Perouzel
- InvivoGen, 5 Rue Jean Rodier F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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20
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Papagno L, Kuse N, Lissina A, Gostick E, Price DA, Appay V, Nicoli F. The TLR9 ligand CpG ODN 2006 is a poor adjuvant for the induction of de novo CD8 + T-cell responses in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11620. [PMID: 32669577 PMCID: PMC7363897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists have gained traction in recent years as potential adjuvants for the induction of adaptive immune responses. It has nonetheless remained unclear to what extent such ligands can facilitate the priming events that generate antigen-specific effector and/or memory CD8+ T-cell populations. We used an established in vitro model to prime naive precursors from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of various adjuvants, including CpG ODN 2006, a synthetic oligonucleotide TLR9 ligand (TLR9L). Unexpectedly, we found that TLR9L induced a suboptimal inflammatory milieu and promoted the antigen-driven expansion and functional maturation of naive CD8+ T cells ineffectively compared with either ssRNA40 or 2'3'-cGAMP, which activate other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). TLR9L also inhibited the priming efficacy of 2'3'-cGAMP. Collectively, these results suggest that TLR9L is unlikely to be a good candidate for the optimal induction of de novo CD8+ T-cell responses, in contrast to adjuvants that operate via discrete PRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Papagno
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nozomi Kuse
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Anna Lissina
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013, Paris, France.
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013, Paris, France.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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21
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Santos-Sierra S. Developments in anticancer vaccination: budding new adjuvants. Biol Chem 2020; 401:435-446. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe immune system has a limited capacity to recognize and fight cells that become cancerous and in cancer patients, the immune system has to seek the right balance between cancer rejection and host-immunosupression. The tumor milieu builds a protective shell and tumor cells rapidly accumulate mutations that promote antigen variability and immune-escape. Therapeutic vaccination of cancer is a promising strategy the success of which depends on a powerful activation of the cells of the adaptive immune system specific for tumor-cell detection and killing (e.g. CD4+and CD8+T-cells). In the last decades, the search for novel adjuvants that enhance dendritic cell (DC) function and their ability to prime T-cells has flourished and some Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have long been known to be valid immune adjuvants. The implementation of TLR-synthetic agonists in clinical studies of cancer vaccination is replacing the initial use of microbial-derived products with some encouraging results. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest discoveries of TLR-synthetic agonists with adjuvant potential in anti-cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Santos-Sierra
- Section of Biochemical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Jawinski K, Hartmann M, Singh C, Kinnear E, Busse DC, Ciabattini A, Fiorino F, Medaglini D, Trombetta CM, Montomoli E, Contreras V, Le Grand R, Coiffier C, Primard C, Verrier B, Tregoning JS. Recombinant Haemagglutinin Derived From the Ciliated Protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila Is Protective Against Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2661. [PMID: 31798589 PMCID: PMC6863932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines manufactured using eggs have considerable limitations, both in terms of scale up production and the potential impact passaging through eggs can have on the antigenicity of the vaccine virus strains. Alternative methods of manufacture are required, particularly in the context of an emerging pandemic strain. Here we explore the production of recombinant influenza haemagglutinin using the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. For the first time we were able to produce haemagglutinin from both seasonal influenza A and B strains. This ciliate derived material was immunogenic, inducing an antibody response in both mice and non-human primates. Mice immunized with ciliate derived haemagglutinin were protected against challenge with homologous influenza A or B viruses. The antigen could also be combined with submicron particles containing a Nod2 ligand, significantly boosting the immune response and reducing the dose of antigen required. Thus, we show that Tetrahymena can be used as a manufacturing platform for viral vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charanjit Singh
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Kinnear
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Busse
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,VisMederi s.r.l., Siena, Italy
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- CEA-Université Paris Sud 11-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA-Université Paris Sud 11-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Celine Coiffier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Macedo AB, Novis CL, Bosque A. Targeting Cellular and Tissue HIV Reservoirs With Toll-Like Receptor Agonists. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2450. [PMID: 31681325 PMCID: PMC6804373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The elimination of both cellular and tissue latent reservoirs is a challenge toward a successful HIV cure. "Shock and Kill" are among the therapeutic strategies that have been more extensively studied to target these reservoirs. These strategies are aimed toward the reactivation of the latent reservoir using a latency-reversal agent (LRA) with the subsequent killing of the reactivated cell either by the cytotoxic arm of the immune system, including NK and CD8 T cells, or by viral cytopathic mechanisms. Numerous LRAs are currently being investigated in vitro, ex vivo as well as in vivo for their ability to reactivate and reduce latent reservoirs. Among those, several toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been shown to reactivate latent HIV. In humans, there are 10 TLRs that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are present in several cell types, including CD4 T cells, the cell compartment that harbors the majority of the latent reservoir. Besides their ability to reactivate latent HIV, TLR agonists also increase immune activation and promote an antiviral response. These combined properties make TLR agonists unique among the different LRAs characterized to date. Additionally, some of these agonists have shown promise toward finding an HIV cure in animal models. When in combination with broadly neutralizing antibodies, TLR-7 agonists have shown to impact the SIV latent reservoir and delay viral rebound. Moreover, there are FDA-approved TLR agonists that are currently being investigated for cancer therapy and other diseases. All these has prompted clinical trials using TLR agonists either alone or in combination toward HIV eradication approaches. In this review, we provide an extensive characterization of the state-of-the-art of the use of TLR agonists toward HIV eradication strategies and the mechanism behind how TLR agonists target both cellular and tissue HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Macedo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Camille L. Novis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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24
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Krueger CC, Thoms F, Keller E, Leoratti FMS, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. RNA and Toll-Like Receptor 7 License the Generation of Superior Secondary Plasma Cells at Multiple Levels in a B Cell Intrinsic Fashion. Front Immunol 2019; 10:736. [PMID: 31024563 PMCID: PMC6467167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary plasma cells (PCs) originate from memory B cells and produce increased levels of antibodies with higher affinity compared to PCs generated during primary responses. Here we demonstrate that virus-like particles (VLPs) only induce secondary PCs in the presence of toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and if they are loaded with RNA. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate that RNA and TLR7 signaling are required for secondary PC generation, both at the level of memory B cell as well as PC differentiation. TLR7-signaling occurred in a B cell intrinsic manner as TLR7-deficient B cells in an otherwise TLR7-competent environment failed to differentiate into secondary PCs. Therefore, RNA inside VLPs is essential for the generation of memory B cells, which are competent to differentiate to secondary PCs and for the differentiation of secondary PCs themselves. While we have not tested all other TLR or non-TLR adjuvants with our VLPs, these data have obvious implications for vaccine design, as RNA packaged into VLPs is a simple way to enhance induction of memory B cells capable of generating secondary PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Krueger
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Thoms
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elsbeth Keller
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana M. S. Leoratti
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Coolen AL, Lacroix C, Mercier-Gouy P, Delaune E, Monge C, Exposito JY, Verrier B. Poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptide potentiate mRNA-based vaccine expression in dendritic cells triggering their activation. Biomaterials 2018; 195:23-37. [PMID: 30610991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA-based vaccines have the potential to trigger robust cytotoxic immune responses, which are essential for fighting cancer and infectious diseases like HIV. Dendritic Cells (DCs) are choice targets for mRNA-based vaccine strategies, as they link innate and adaptive immune responses and are major regulators of cytotoxic and humoral adaptive responses. However, efficient delivery of antigen-coding mRNAs into DC cytosol has been highly challenging. In this study, we developed an alternative to lipid-based mRNA delivery systems, using poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (PLA-NPs) and cationic cell-penetrating peptides as mRNA condensing agent. The formulations are assembled in two steps: (1) formation of a polyplex between mRNAs and amphipathic cationic peptides (RALA, LAH4 or LAH4-L1), and (2) adsorption of polyplexes onto PLA-NPs. LAH4-L1/mRNA polyplexes and PLA-NP/LAH4-L1/mRNA nanocomplexes are taken up by DCs via phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and induce strong protein expression in DCs in vitro. They modulate DC innate immune response by activating both endosome and cytosolic Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), and induce markers of adaptive responses in primary human DCs in vitro, with prevalent Th1 signature. Thus, LAH4-L1/mRNA and PLA-NP/LAH4-L1/mRNA represent a promising platform for ex vivo treatment and mRNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Line Coolen
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Perrine Mercier-Gouy
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Delaune
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Monge
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Exposito
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon, France.
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26
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Gouttefangeas C, Rammensee HG. Personalized cancer vaccines: adjuvants are important, too. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1911-1918. [PMID: 29644387 PMCID: PMC11028305 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown limited clinical efficacy so far. Nevertheless, in the meantime, our understanding of immune cell function and the interactions of immune cells with growing tumors has advanced considerably. We are now in a position to invest this knowledge into the design of more powerful vaccines and therapy combinations aimed at increasing immunogenicity and decreasing tumor-induced immunosuppression. This review focuses essentially on peptide-based human vaccines. We will discuss two aspects that are critical for increasing their intrinsic immunogenicity: the selection of the antigen(s) to be targeted, and the as yet unmet need for strong adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Macedo AB, Novis CL, De Assis CM, Sorensen ES, Moszczynski P, Huang SH, Ren Y, Spivak AM, Jones RB, Planelles V, Bosque A. Dual TLR2 and TLR7 agonists as HIV latency-reversing agents. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122673. [PMID: 30282829 PMCID: PMC6237480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a reservoir of latently infected cells in HIV-infected patients is a major barrier towards finding a cure. One active cure strategy is to find latency-reversing agents that induce viral reactivation, thus leading to immune cell recognition and elimination of latently infected cells, known as the shock-and-kill strategy. Therefore, the identification of molecules that reactivate latent HIV and increase immune activation has the potential to further these strategies into the clinic. Here, we characterized synthetic molecules composed of a TLR2 and a TLR7 agonist (dual TLR2/7 agonists) as latency-reversing agents and compared their activity with that of the TLR2 agonist Pam2CSK4 and the TLR7 agonist GS-9620. We found that these dual TLR2/7 agonists reactivate latency by 2 complementary mechanisms. The TLR2 component reactivates HIV by inducing NF-κB activation in memory CD4+ T cells, while the TLR7 component induces the secretion of TNF-α by monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, promoting viral reactivation in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the TLR2 component induces the secretion of IL-22, which promotes an antiviral state and blocks HIV infection in CD4+ T cells. Our study provides insight into the use of these agonists as a multipronged approach targeting eradication of latent HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Macedo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Camille L. Novis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Caroline M. De Assis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric S. Sorensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paula Moszczynski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Szu-han Huang
- Infectious Disease Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Infectious Disease Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - R. Brad Jones
- Infectious Disease Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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28
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Targeting of Immune Cells by Dual TLR2/7 Ligands Suppresses Features of Allergic Th2 Immune Responses in Mice. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7983217. [PMID: 29204451 PMCID: PMC5674512 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7983217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TLR ligands can promote Th1-biased immune responses, mimicking potent stimuli of viruses and bacteria. Aim To investigate the adjuvant properties of dual TLR2/7 ligands compared to those of the mixture of both single ligands. Methods Dual TLR2/7 ligands: CL401, CL413, and CL531, including CL264 (TLR7-ligand) and Pam2CysK4 (TLR2-ligand), were used. Immune-modulatory capacity of the dual ligands with the individual ligands alone or as a mixture in mouse BMmDCs, BMmDC:TC cocultures, or BMCMCs was compared and assessed in naïve mice and in a mouse model of OVA-induced intestinal allergy. Results CL413 and CL531 induced BMmDC-derived IL-10 secretion, suppressed rOVA-induced IL-5 secretion from OVA-specific DO11.10 CD4+ TCs, and induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vivo. In contrast, CL401 induced considerably less IL-10 secretion and led to IL-17A production in BMmDC:TC cocultures, but not BMCMC IL-6 secretion, or IL-6 or TNF-α production in vivo. No immune-modulating effects were observed with single ligands. All dual TLR2/7 ligands suppressed DNP-induced IgE-and-Ag-specific mast cell degranulation. Compared to vaccination with OVA, vaccination with the mixture CL531 and OVA, significantly suppressed OVA-specific IgE production in the intestinal allergy model. Conclusions Based on beneficial immune-modulating properties, CL413 and CL531 may have utility as potential adjuvants for allergy treatment.
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