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Choi SH, Kim HC, Jang SG, Lee YJ, Heo JY, Kweon GR, Ryu MJ. Effects of a Combination of Polynucleotide and Hyaluronic Acid for Treating Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1714. [PMID: 38338992 PMCID: PMC10855695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), an age-related degenerative disease characterized by severe pain and disability, is treated using polynucleotides (PNs) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The intra-articular (IA) injection of HA has been studied extensively in both animal models and in humans; however, the efficacy and mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, there has been a paucity of research regarding the use of PN alone or in combination with HA in OA. To investigate the effect of the combined injection of PN and HA in vivo, pathological and behavioral changes were assessed in an OA model. Anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscectomy were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats to create the OA animal model. The locomotor activity improved following PNHA injection, while the OARSI grade improved in the medial tibia and femur. In mild OA, TNFα levels decreased histologically in the PN, HA, and PNHA groups but only the PNHA group showed behavioral improvement in terms of distance. In conclusion, PNHA exhibited anti-inflammatory effects during OA progression and improved locomotor activity regardless of the OARSI grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Joonghun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 15 Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea; (S.H.C.); (H.C.K.); (S.G.J.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Joonghun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 15 Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea; (S.H.C.); (H.C.K.); (S.G.J.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Seul Gi Jang
- Joonghun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 15 Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea; (S.H.C.); (H.C.K.); (S.G.J.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Yeon Jae Lee
- Joonghun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 15 Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea; (S.H.C.); (H.C.K.); (S.G.J.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Joonghun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 15 Gukhoe-daero 62-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea; (S.H.C.); (H.C.K.); (S.G.J.); (Y.J.L.)
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Modak A, Paul A, Chakole V, Verma N. Comparison of Dexamethasone Versus Methylprednisolone With Bupivacaine in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Attenuation of Chronic Postoperative Abdominal Pain. Cureus 2023; 15:e47243. [PMID: 38021849 PMCID: PMC10654453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opioids, which have well-known adverse effects such as drowsiness paralytic ileus and respiratory depression, were mostly utilised to treat postoperative pain in the past. The increased incidence of side effects has led to a rise in interest in pain management techniques that spare opioids. Persistent abdominal pain following surgery has a major detrimental effect on patients' quality of life. While epidural analgesia is widely regarded as the gold standard to combat the pain that is present post abdominal surgeries, it is not devoid of drawbacks. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has developed as a potentially effective treatment for severe abdominal pain. The TAP block acts on the neuro-fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles, which is innervated by spinal nerves from T6 to L1. Studies reveal that the addition of corticosteroids to bupivacaine in TAP blocks provides pain relief and improves the quality of life of the patient. Aims and objectives In this study, the effects of bupivacaine and corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone and methylprednisolone, on chronic abdominal pain following surgery are examined. Assessing the quality of pain relief is the primary objective. Methodology Thirty patients who had undergone abdominal surgery and had been having persistent abdominal pain for six to eight months thereafter and had attempted unsuccessfully to treat the pain with alternative pain relief methods participated in the study. They were divided into two groups at random. Dexamethasone and bupivacaine were given to patients in Group D while methylprednisolone and bupivacaine were given to patients in Group M for ultrasonography (USG)-guided bilateral TAP blocks. At various intervals up to 12 weeks after injection, the patient's pain levels were measured using the visual analogue score (VAS), and their quality of life was assessed using the quality-of-life score. Results Patients in Group M experienced significantly less pain than those in Group D at the fourth, sixth, and 12th weeks of treatment. Furthermore, in the fourth, sixth, and 12th weeks, patients in Group M reported a superior quality of life in comparison to those in Group D. Conclusion Patients with persistent postoperative abdominal pain receiving bupivacaine and methylprednisolone in an ultrasonography-guided TAP block experience more effective and long-lasting pain relief than those who receive bupivacaine and dexamethasone. The quality of life for patients may be enhanced by using corticosteroids to optimise postoperative pain management strategies and lessen the need for opioids, as this study highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Modak
- Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amreesh Paul
- Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vivek Chakole
- Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neeta Verma
- Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Cacciatore I, Spalletta S, Di Rienzo A, Flati V, Fornasari E, Pierdomenico L, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Costantini E, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conte C, Di Stefano A, Robuffo I. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Carvacrol Derivatives on 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030340. [PMID: 36986440 PMCID: PMC10055808 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity, a complex metabolic disease resulting from an imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure, leads to an increase in adipocytes and chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of this paper was to synthesize a small series of carvacrol derivatives (CD1-3) that are able to reduce both adipogenesis and the inflammatory status often associated with the progression of the obesity disease. (2) Methods: The synthesis of CD1-3 was performed using classical procedures in a solution phase. Biological studies were performed on three cell lines: 3T3-L1, WJ-MSCs, and THP-1. The anti-adipogenic properties of CD1-3 were evaluated using western blotting and densitometric analysis by assessing the expression of obesity-related proteins, such as ChREBP. The anti-inflammatory effect was estimated by measuring the reduction in TNF-α expression in CD1-3-treated THP-1 cells. (3) Results: CD1-3—obtained through a direct linkage between the carboxylic moiety of anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen, and Naproxen) and the hydroxyl group of carvacrol—have an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of lipids in both 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs cell cultures and an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing TNF- α levels in THP-1 cells. (4) Conclusions: Considering the physicochemical properties, stability, and biological data, the CD3 derivative—obtained by a direct linkage between carvacrol and naproxen—resulted in the best candidate, displaying anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-871-355-44-75
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Rienzo
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center on Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center on Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza”, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Balne PK, Gupta S, Landon KM, Sinha NR, Hofmann AC, Hauser N, Sinha PR, Huang H, Kempuraj D, Mohan RR. Characterization of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 in the cornea and role in the inflammatory response after corneal injury. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109312. [PMID: 36400287 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) regulates inflammatory responses in ocular and non-ocular tissues. However, its expression and role in the cornea are still unknown. Here, we report the expression of CXCR5 in human cornea in vitro and mouse corneas in vivo, and its functional role in corneal inflammation using C57BL/6J wild-type (CXCR5+/+) and CXCR5-deficient (CXCR5-/-) mice, topical alkali injury, clinical eye imaging, histology, immunofluorescence, PCR, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Human corneal epithelial cells, stromal fibroblasts, and endothelial cells demonstrated CXCR5 mRNA and protein expression in PCR, and Western blot analyses, respectively. To study the functional role of CXCR5 in vivo, mice were divided into four groups: Group-1 (CXCR5+/+ alkali injured cornea; n = 30), Group-2 (CXCR5-/- alkali injured cornea; n = 30), Group-3 (CXCR5+/+ naïve cornea; n = 30), and Group-4 (CXCR5-/- naïve cornea; n = 30). Only one eye was wounded with alkali. Clinical corneal evaluation and imaging were performed before and after injury. Mice were euthanized 4 h, 3 days, or 7 days after injury, eyes were excised and used for histology, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR. In clinical eye examinations, CXCR5-/- mouse corneas showed ocular health akin to the naïve corneas. Alkali injured CXCR5+/+ mouse corneas showed significantly increased mRNA (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.01 or p < 0.0001) levels of the CXCR5 compared to the naïve corneas. Likewise, alkali injured CXCR5-/- mouse corneas showed remarkably amplified inflammation in clinical eye exams in live animals. The histological and molecular analyses of these corneas post euthanasia exhibited markedly augmented inflammatory cells in H&E staining and significant CD11b + cells in immunofluorescence (p < 0.01 or < 0.05); and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα; p < 0.05), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2; p < 0.0001), interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.0001), and IL-6 (p < 0.0001 or < 0.01) mRNA expression compared to the CXCR5+/+ mouse corneas. Interestingly, CXCR5-/- alkali injured corneas also showed altered mRNA expression of fibrotic alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; p > 0.05) and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; p < 0.01) compared to the CXCR5+/+ alkali injured corneas. In summary, the CXCR5 gene is expressed in all three major layers of the cornea and appears to influence corneal inflammatory and repair events post-injury in vivo. More studies are warranted to tease the mechanistic role of CXCR5 in corneal inflammation and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Balne
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Keele M Landon
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Hauser
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hu Huang
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Singh P, Randhawa M, Chaudhuri RK. Bakuchiol and ethyl (linoleate/oleate) synergistically modulate endocannabinoid tone in keratinocytes and repress inflammatory pathway mRNAs. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 3:100178. [PMID: 36992949 PMCID: PMC10041561 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an active role in epidermal homeostasis. Phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol modulate this system but also act through eCB-independent mechanisms. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol, bakuchiol (BAK), and ethyl (linoleate/oleate) (ELN) in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis. Molecular docking simulations showed that each compound binds the active site of the eCB carrier FABP5. However, BAK and ethyl linoleate bound this site with the highest affinity when combined 1:1 (w/w), and in vitro assays showed that BAK + ELN most effectively inhibited FABP5 and fatty acid amide hydrolase. In TNF-stimulated keratinocytes, BAK + ELN reversed TNF-induced expression shifts and uniquely downregulated type I IFN genes and PTGS2 (COX2). BAK + ELN also repressed expression of genes linked to keratinocyte differentiation but upregulated those associated with proliferation. Finally, BAK + ELN inhibited cortisol secretion in reconstituted human epidermis skin (not observed with cannabidiol). These results support a model in which BAK and ELN synergistically interact to inhibit eCB degradation, favoring eCB mobilization and inhibition of downstream inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, COX-2, type I IFN). A topical combination of these ingredients may thus enhance cutaneous eCB tone or potentiate other modulators, suggesting novel ways to modulate the eCB system for innovative skincare product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Correspondence: William R. Swindell, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5959 Harry Hines Boulevard, Ste 7.700, Dallas, Texas 75390-9175, USA.
| | | | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
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Lauritano A, Cipollone I, Verde R, Kalkan H, Moriello C, Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F. The endocannabinoidome mediator N-oleoylglycine is a novel protective agent against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced neurotoxicity. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:926634. [PMID: 36313013 PMCID: PMC9614236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.926634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-oleoylglycine (OlGly) is a lipid mediator that belongs to the expanded version of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), which has recently gained increasing attention from the scientific community for its protective effects in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury. However, the effects of OlGly on cellular models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have not yet been investigated, whilst other lipoaminoacids have been reported to have beneficial effects. Moreover, the protective effects of OlGly seem to be mediated by direct activation of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which has already been investigated as a therapeutic target for PD. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possible protective effects of OlGly in an in vitro model obtained by treating the neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y (both differentiated and not) with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+), which mimics some cellular aspects of a PD-like phenotype, in the presence or absence of the PPARα antagonist, GW6471. Our data show that MPP+ increases mRNA levels of PPARα in both non differentiated and differentiated cells. Using assays to assess cell metabolic activity, cell proliferation, and pro-inflammatory markers, we observed that OlGly (1 nM), both as treatment (1 h) and pre-treatment (4 h), is able to protect against neuronal damage induced by 24 h MPP+ exposure through PPARα. Moreover, using a targeted lipidomics approach, we demonstrate that OlGly exerts its effects also through the modulation of the eCBome. Finally, treatment with OlGly was able also to reduce increased IL-1β induced by MPP+ in differentiated cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that OlGly could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of MPP+-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lauritano
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Irene Cipollone
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Hilal Kalkan
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Claudia Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Di Marzo,
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
- Fabiana Piscitelli,
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Saghi H, Mirzavi F, Afshari AR, Jalili-Nik M, Mashkani B, Soukhtanloo M. Bee venom induces anti-tumor effects in HT-29 colon cancer cells through regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gene Expression Profiling of Mono- and Co-Culture Models of the Respiratory Tract Exposed to Crystalline Quartz under Submerged and Air-Liquid Interface Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147773. [PMID: 35887123 PMCID: PMC9324045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro lung cell models like air-liquid interface (ALI) and 3D cell cultures have advanced greatly in recent years, being especially valuable for testing advanced materials (e.g., nanomaterials, fibrous substances) when considering inhalative exposure. Within this study, we established submerged and ALI cell culture models utilizing A549 cells as mono-cultures and co-cultures with differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1), as well as mono-cultures of dTHP-1. After ALI and submerged exposures towards α-quartz particles (Min-U-Sil5), with depositions ranging from 15 to 60 µg/cm2, comparison was made with respect to their transcriptional cellular responses employing high-throughput RT-qPCR. A significant dose- and time-dependent induction of genes coding for inflammatory proteins, e.g., IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL22, as well as genes associated with oxidative stress response such as SOD2, was observed, even more pronounced in co-cultures. Changes in the expression of similar genes were more pronounced under submerged conditions when compared to ALI exposure in the case of A549 mono-cultures. Hereby, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome seem to play an important role. Regarding genotoxicity, neither DNA strand breaks in ALI cultivated cells nor a transcriptional response to DNA damage were observed. Altogether, the toxicological responses depended considerably on the cell culture model and exposure scenario, relevant to be considered to improve toxicological risk assessment.
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Thrombin Induces COX-2 and PGE2 Expression via PAR1/PKCalpha/MAPK-Dependent NF-kappaB Activation in Human Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:4600029. [PMID: 35497094 PMCID: PMC9042634 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammation of the airway and lung could be triggered by upregulation cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced by various proinflammatory factors. COX-2 induction by thrombin has been shown to play a vital role in various inflammatory diseases. However, in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs), how thrombin enhanced the levels of COX-2/PGE2 is not completely characterized. Thus, in this study, the levels of COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis induced by thrombin were determined by Western blot, promoter-reporter assay, real-time PCR, and ELISA kit. The various signaling components involved in the thrombin-mediated responses were differentiated by transfection with siRNAs and selective pharmacological inhibitors. The role of NF-κB was assessed by a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, immunofluorescent staining, as well as Western blot. Our results verified that thrombin markedly triggered PGE2 secretion via COX-2 upregulation which were diminished by the inhibitor of thrombin (PPACK), PAR1 (SCH79797), Gi/o protein (GPA2), Gq protein (GPA2A), PKCα (Gö6976), p38 MAPK (SB202190), JNK1/2 (SP600125), MEK1/2 (U0126), or NF-κB (helenalin) and transfection with siRNA of PAR1, Gqα, Giα, PKCα, JNK2, p38, p42, or p65. Moreover, thrombin induced PAR1-dependent PKCα phosphorylation in HTSMCs. We also observed that thrombin induced p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and p42/p44 MAPK activation through a PAR1/PKCα pathway. Thrombin promoted phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, leading to nuclear translocation and binding to the COX-2 promoter element to enhance promoter activity, which was reduced by Gö6976, SP600125, SB202190, or U0126. These findings supported that COX-2/PGE2 expression triggered by thrombin was engaged in PAR1/Gq or Gi/o/PKCα/MAPK-dependent NF-κB activation in HTSMCs.
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Yamaguchi R, Sakamoto A, Yamaguchi R, Haraguchi M, Narahara S, Sugiuchi H, Yamaguch Y. IL-23 production in human macrophages is regulated negatively by tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 and positively by specificity protein 1 after stimulation of the toll-like receptor 7/8 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08887. [PMID: 35198762 PMCID: PMC8850731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, but the mechanism regulating IL-23 production is mainly unknown. We investigated how TNFAIP3 and Sp1 affect IL-23 production by human macrophages after exposure to resiquimod, a TLR7/8 agonist. IL-23 production was significantly upregulated by resiquimod but only slightly by LPS (a TLR4 agonist). Interestingly, IL-23 levels were significantly attenuated after sequential stimulation with LPS and resiquimod, but IL-12p40 and IL-18 levels were not. TLR4-related factors induced by LPS may regulate IL-23 expression via TLR7/8 signaling. LPS significantly enhanced TNFAIP3 and IRAK-M levels but reduced Sp1 levels. After exposure to resiquimod, RNA interference of TNFAIP3 upregulated IL-23 significantly more than siRNA transfection of IRAK-M did. In contrast, knockdown of Sp1 by RNA interference significantly attenuated IL-23 production. Transfection with siRNA for TNFAIP3 enhanced IL-23 expression significantly. After stimulation with resiquimod, GW7647—an agonist for PPARα (an inducer of NADHP oxidase)—and siRNA for UCP2 (a negative regulator of mitochondrial ROS generation) enhanced TNFAIP3 and reduced IL-23. siRNA for p22phox and gp91phox slightly increased Sp1 levels. However, after exposure to resiquimod siRNA-mediated knockout of DUOX1/2 significantly enhanced Sp1 and IL-23 levels, and decreased TNFα-dependent COX-2 expression. Concomitantly, TNFAIP3 levels was attenuated by DUOX1/2 siRNA. TNFAIP3 and Sp1 levels are reciprocally regulated through ROS generation. In conclusion, after stimulation of the TLR7/8 signaling pathway IL-23 production in human macrophages is regulated negatively by TNFAIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Arisa Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Reona Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Misa Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Shinji Narahara
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugiuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamaguch
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Galati A, Brown ES, Bove R, Vaidya A, Gelfand J. Glucocorticoids for therapeutic immunosuppression: Clinical pearls for the practicing neurologist. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:120004. [PMID: 34598056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Given widespread use of glucocorticoid therapy in neurologic disease, understanding glucocorticoid pharmacology and risk is paramount for the practicing neurologist. While dosing and tapering regimens vary depending on the neurological disease and indication being treated, there are important general principles of glucocorticoid prescribing and monitoring that can guide clinical decision-making. Glucocorticoid-related toxicities can occur across multiple organ systems, including hypertension; dyslipidemia; weight gain; hyperglycemia; osteoporosis and avascular necrosis; myopathy; gastrointestinal bleeding; infection; and neuropsychiatric effects with sleep, mood disturbance and cognition. This narrative review provides a practical framework for safe and responsible prescribing of this therapeutic class of medications, including appreciation of immunosuppressive consequences, risk mitigation strategies, dosing and tapering, and recognition of adrenal insufficiency and glucocorticoid withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Galati
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - E Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Riley Bove
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anand Vaidya
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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12
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Endo S, Nishiyama T, Matuoka T, Miura T, Nishinaka T, Matsunaga T, Ikari A. Loxoprofen enhances intestinal barrier function via generation of its active metabolite by carbonyl reductase 1 in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109634. [PMID: 34506768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used worldwide as antipyretic analgesics and agents for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but known to cause damage to the gastrointestinal mucosae as their serious adverse effects. Few studies showed the impairment of intestinal epithelial barrier function (EBF) by high concentrations (0.5-1 mM) of NSAIDs, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study is aimed at clarifying effects at a low concentration (50 μM) of three NSAIDs, loxoprofen (Lox), ibuprofen and indomethacin, on intestinal EBF using human intestinal epithelial-like Caco-2 cells. Among those NSAIDs, Lox increased the transepithelial electric resistance (TER) value, decreased the paracellular Lucifer yellow CH (LYCH) permeability, and upregulated claudin (CLDN)-1, -3 and -5, indicating that low doses of Lox enhanced EBF through increasing expression of CLDNs. Lox is known to be metabolized to a pharmacologically active metabolite, (2S,1'R,2'S)-loxoprofen alcohol (Lox-RS), by carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), which is highly expressed in human intestine. CBR1 was expressed in the Caco-2 cells, and the pretreatment with a CBR1 inhibitor suppressed both the Lox-evoked CLDN upregulation and EBF enhancement. In addition, the treatment of the cells with Lox-RS resulted in higher TER value and lower LYCH permeability than those with Lox. Thus, Lox-RS synthesized by CBR1 may greatly contribute to the improving efficacy of Lox on the barrier function. Since EBF is decreased in inflammatory bowel disease, we finally examined the effect of Lox on EBF using the Caco-2/THP-1 co-culture system, which is used as an in vitro inflammatory bowel disease model. Lox significantly recovered EBF which was impaired by inflammatory cytokines secreted from THP-1 macrophages. These in vitro observations suggest that Lox enhances intestinal EBF, for which the metabolism of Lox to Lox-RS by CBR1 has an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 501-1196, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 501-1196, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoe Matuoka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 501-1196, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Pharmaceutical Education Support Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, 663-8184, Japan
| | - Toru Nishinaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 502-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 501-1196, Gifu, Japan.
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13
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Xie X, Liang J, Huang R, Luo C, Yang J, Xing H, Zhou L, Qiao H, Ergu E, Chen H. Molecular pathways underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with ketamine cystitis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21703. [PMID: 34105799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine cystitis (KC) is a chronic bladder inflammation leading to urinary urgency, frequency, and pain. The pathogenesis of KC is complicated and involves multiple tissue injuries in the bladder. Recent studies indicated that urothelium disruption, lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation, microvascular injury, neuropathological alterations, and bladder smooth muscle (BSM) abnormalities all contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Ketamine has been shown to induce these tissue injuries by regulating different signaling pathways. Ketamine can stimulate antiproliferative factor, adenosine triphosphate, and oxidative stress to disrupt urothelium. Lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation are associated with the activation of cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, immunoglobulin E, and transforming growth factor β1. Ketamine contributes to microvascular injury via the N-methyl-D aspartic receptor (NMDAR), and multiple inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosis factor α and vascular endothelial growth factor. For BSM abnormalities, ketamine can depress the protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Cav1.2, and muscarinic receptor signaling. Elevated purinergic signaling also plays a role in BSM abnormalities. In addition, ketamine affects neuropathological alterations in the bladder by regulating NMDAR- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent signaling. Inflammatory cells also contribute to neuropathological changes via the secretion of chemical mediators. Clarifying the role and function of these signaling underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with KC can contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and to the design of effective treatments for KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Run Huang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuang Luo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongming Xing
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Erti Ergu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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14
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Yang CM, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yu CY, Tseng HC, Hsu CK, Situmorang JH. Upregulation of COX-2 and PGE 2 Induced by TNF-α Mediated Through TNFR1/MitoROS/PKCα/P38 MAPK, JNK1/2/FoxO1 Cascade in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2807-2824. [PMID: 34234507 PMCID: PMC8254141 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been shown to exert as a pathogenic factor in cardiac fibrosis and heart failure which were associated with the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis. However, whether TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 upregulation mediated through ROS-dependent cascade remains elusive in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). This study aims to address the underlying mechanisms of TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 expression. Methods Here, we used TNF receptor neutralizing antibody (TNFR nAb), pharmacologic inhibitors, and siRNAs to dissect the involvement of signaling components examined by Western blot and ELISA in TNF-α-mediated responses in HCFs. MitoSOX Red was used to measure mitoROS generation. Isolation of subcellular fractions was performed to determine membrane translocation of PKCα. Promoter luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to determine the role of transcription factor. Results We found that TNF-α time- and concentration-dependently upregulated COX-2 protein and mRNA expression as well as PGE2 synthesis which was attenuated by TNFR1 nAb, the inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS scavenger (MitoTEMPO), protein kinase C [(PKC)α, Gö6976], p38 MAPK [p38 inhibitor VIII, (p38i VIII)], JNK1/2 (SP600125), or forkhead box protein O1 [(FoxO1), AS1842856], and transfection with their respective siRNAs in HCFs. TNF-α-stimulated PKCα phosphorylation was inhibited by TNFR1 nAb, MitoTEMPO, or Gö6976. TNF-α stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 was attenuated by TNFR1 nAb, MitoTEMPO, Gö6976, and their inhibitors p38i VIII and SP600125. Moreover, TNF-α-triggered FoxO1 phosphorylation was abolished by AS1842856, TNFR1 nAb, and its upstream inhibitors MitoTEMPO, Gö6976, p38i VIII, and SP600125. Phosphorylation of FoxO1 could enhance its interaction with the COX-2 promoter element revealed by ChIP assay, which was attenuated by AS1842856. Conclusion Our results suggested that TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 upregulation is mediated through TNFR1-dependent MitoROS/PKCα/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 cascade to activate FoxO1 binding with the COX-2 promoter in HCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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15
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Monteleone NJ, Lutz CS. miR-708 Negatively Regulates TNF α/IL-1 β Signaling by Suppressing NF- κB and Arachidonic Acid Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5595520. [PMID: 33776573 PMCID: PMC7969122 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two pathways commonly dysregulated in autoimmune diseases and cancer are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) signaling. Researchers have also shown that both signaling cascades positively regulate arachidonic acid (AA) signaling. More specifically, TNFα/IL-1β promotes expression of the prostaglandin E2- (PGE2-) producing enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Exacerbated TNFα, IL-1β, and AA signaling have been associated with many diseases. While some TNFα therapies have significantly improved patients' lives, there is still an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that more comprehensively treat inflammatory-related diseases. Recently, researchers have begun to use RNA interference (RNAi) to treat various diseases in the clinic. One type of RNAi is microRNA (miRNA), a class of small noncoding RNA found within cells. One miRNA in particular, miR-708, has been shown to target COX-2 and mPGES-1. Previous studies have also suggested that miR-708 may be a negative regulator of TNFα/IL-1β signaling. Therefore, we studied the relationship between miR-708, TNFα/IL-1β, and AA signaling in diseased lung cells. We found that miR-708 negatively regulates TNFα/IL-1β signaling in nondiseased lung cells, which is lost in diseased lung cells. Transient transfection of miR-708 suppressed TNFα/IL-1β-induced changes in COX-2, mPGES-1, and PGE2 levels. Moreover, miR-708 also suppressed TNFα/IL-1β-induced IL-6 independent of AA signaling. Mechanistically, we determined that miR-708 suppressed IL-6 signaling by reducing expression of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activator inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). Collectively, our data suggest miR-708 regulates TNFα/IL-1β signaling by inhibiting multiple points of the signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Monteleone
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers School of Graduate Studies-RBHS, Newark, NJ 07005, USA
| | - Carol S. Lutz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers School of Graduate Studies-RBHS, Newark, NJ 07005, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Qi X, Cui Y, Yin K, Lin H. Cadmium induced inflammation and apoptosis of porcine epididymis via activating RAF1/MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115449. [PMID: 33577919 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) was a serious heavy metal pollutant. Cd exposure will cause damage to reproductive organs. It was largely unknown whether Cd exposure caused inflammation and apoptosis in epididymis. In this study, we established models of Cd exposure in swine, and the apoptotic level of epididymis was detected by in situ TUNEL fluorescence staining assay, the results showed that Cd exposure significantly increased TUNEL-apoptosis index. Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that Cd activated the proto-oncogenic serine/threonine kinase-1 (RAF1)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway (RAF1/MEK/ERK) and led to the subsequent up-regulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), caused inflammation in epididymis. NF-κB inflammation pathway also mediated the tumor protein P53 (P53) and indirectly activated the Cytochrome c (Cytc), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-Associated X protein (Bax), Caspase 3, Caspase 9. In summary, we believed that the RAF1/MEK/ERK pathway came into play in the apoptosis of epididymal tissues exposed to Cd by activating the NF-κB Inflammation pathway, followed by activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study provides more abundant data for exploring the reproductive toxicity of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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17
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Gong K, Guo G, Beckley N, Zhang Y, Yang X, Sharma M, Habib AA. Tumor necrosis factor in lung cancer: Complex roles in biology and resistance to treatment. Neoplasia 2021; 23:189-196. [PMID: 33373873 PMCID: PMC7773536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors are widely expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TNF has an established role in inflammation and also plays a key role in inflammation-induced cancer. TNF can induce cell death in cancer cells and has been used as a treatment in certain types of cancer. However, TNF is likely to play an oncogenic role in multiple types of cancer, including NSCLC. TNF is a key activator of the transcription factor NF-κB. NF-κB, in turn, is a key effector of TNF in inflammation-induced cancer. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database suggest that TNF could be a biomarker in NSCLC and indicate a complex role for TNF and its receptors in NSCLC. Recent studies have reported that TNF is rapidly upregulated in NSCLC in response to targeted treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition, and this upregulation leads to NF-κB activation. The TNF upregulation and consequent NF-κB activation play a key role in mediating both primary and secondary resistance to EGFR inhibition in NSCLC, and a combined inhibition of EGFR and TNF can overcome therapeutic resistance in experimental models. TNF may mediate the toxic side effects of immunotherapy and may also modulate resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Drugs inhibiting TNF are widely used for the treatment of various inflammatory and rheumatologic diseases and could be quite useful in combination with targeted therapy of NSCLC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Gao Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Beckley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyao Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mishu Sharma
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA.
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18
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Kim J, Cooper JA. Junctional Localization of Septin 2 Is Required for Organization of Junctional Proteins in Static Endothelial Monolayers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:346-359. [PMID: 33147991 PMCID: PMC7769918 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Septin 2 is localized at junctions in human microvascular endothelial monolayers. The junctional localization of septin 2 is necessary for organization of cell-cell adhesion proteins of endothelial cells. Approach and Results: Septin 2 was depleted at junctions by suppression of expression using shRNA, treatment with inflammatory cytokine, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, and ectopic overexpression of septin 2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding mutant defect in interaction with plasma membrane. Under those conditions, organizations and expression levels of various junctional proteins were analyzed. Confocal images of immunofluorescence staining showed substantial disorganization of adherens junctional proteins, nectin-2 and afadin, TJP (tight junction protein), ZO (zonula occludens)-1, and intercellular adhesion protein, PECAM-1 (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1). Immunoblots for those proteins did not show significant changes in expression except for nectin-2 that highly increased in expression. Significant differential gene expression profiles and biological pathway analysis by septin 2 suppression and by TNF-α treatment using RNA-seq showed common overlapping pathways. The commonalities in expression may be consistent with the similar effects on the overall organization of cell-cell adhesion proteins. CONCLUSIONS Localization of septin 2 at cell junctions are required for the arrangement of junctional proteins and the integrity of the barrier formed by endothelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John A. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Metere A, Graves CE, Pietraforte D, Casella G. The Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060168. [PMID: 32575419 PMCID: PMC7344505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of free radicals are present in the blood of obese patients. Free radicals are associated with endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, and neoplastic transformation, all conditions that are closely related to obesity. The purpose of our study was to determine whether bariatric surgery modifies the production of free radicals in obese patients. In total, 20 patients with morbid obesity, who were candidates for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and 18 controls were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress was studied in obese subjects before and after sleeve gastrectomy. The evaluation of oxidative stress was carried out on blood samples using electron paramagnetic resonance, a refined spectroscopic technique used to identify and quantify the major free radicals, such as •OH, O2•, ONOO-, and NO. Oxidative stress was higher in subjects with morbid obesity prior to surgery, compared to the controls (CP• 9.9 ± 0.3 µM vs. 5.8 ± 0.2 µM). After SG, values decreased to levels comparable to those of controls (CP• 5.4 ± 0.2 µM). Further analysis identified O2• as the main free radical responsible for the oxidative stress. Obesity is associated with an increased blood concentration of free radicals. The normalization of free radicals after sleeve gastrectomy highlights another important benefit of this bariatric surgery technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Metere
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire E. Graves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St. 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Casella
- Surgical Sciences Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 261, 00161 Roma, Italy;
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20
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Workman AD, Miyake MM, Nocera AL, Mueller SK, Finn K, Otu HH, Libermann TA, Bleier BS. Unexpected effects of systemic steroids on the CRSwNP proteome: is protein upregulation more important than inhibition? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:334-342. [PMID: 32022468 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral steroids, traditionally thought of as immunosuppressive agents that are broad in their immunomodulatory effects, are a mainstay of treatment to reduce disease burden in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The purpose of this study was to determine how differentially expressed proteins in CRSwNP are affected by oral steroid therapy. METHODS Matched exosomal proteomic arrays were quantified using aptamer-based methods in systemic steroid-naive CRSwNP patients before and after a standardized oral prednisone course (n = 12). Previously identified differentially expressed proteins in CRSwNP patients were compared to determine the effect of steroids on expression. Fisher's exact test and t test were applied to normalized protein expression profiles to determine significance. RESULTS Of 18 proteins previously identified to be highly underexpressed in CRSwNP, 16 (89%) had an average increase after systemic steroid treatment (p < 0.05). Lactoperoxidase, initially present at 9-fold lower concentrations in CRSwNP subjects, increased by 209% after steroid treatment. A similar trend was observed with other proteins of interest, including platelet factor 4 and C-C motif ligand 28. The converse of this steroid effect was not true; of the 53 proteins that are highly overexpressed in CRSwNP, only 22 (42%) decreased in quantity with steroid use. CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in CRSwNP demonstrates that systemic steroids cause almost uniform upregulation of transcriptionally decreased proteins, whereas the effects of steroids on transcriptionally increased proteins are more heterogeneous. Thus, proteomic analysis may be an effective tool to understand specific therapeutic benefits of steroid use in polyp disease and to create more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle M Miyake
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angela L Nocera
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarina K Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristen Finn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA
| | - Hasan H Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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21
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Peng Y, Ren H, Tao H, He C, Li P, Wan JB, Su H. Metabolomics study of the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41903-41912. [PMID: 35541572 PMCID: PMC9076520 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are the precursors of many anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as resolvins and neuroprotectins. It is of interest to study the metabolic profile of endogenous n-3 PUFAs in low-grade inflammatory conditions. To evaluate the protective effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs on low-grade inflammation with the metabolomics approach, we fed fat-1 mice with an n-6 PUFAs rich diet for a long time to induce a low-grade inflammatory condition. Multi-analysis techniques, including structural analysis using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with MSE mode, were applied in untargeted metabolomics to search for meaningful metabolites with significant variance in fat-1 mice under low-grade inflammation. Following the untargeted metabolomics screening, several meaningful metabolites were selected which were associated with anti-inflammatory effects generated from endogenous n-3 PUFAs for further analysis. The results revealed that the purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways through insulin resistance were involved in anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFA in low-grade inflammatory conditions. For the first time, this study explored the highlighted pathways as contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs in low-grade inflammatory conditions. Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Huixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
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22
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Dai X, Nie G, Cao H, Xing C, Hu G, Zhang C. In vivo assessment of molybdenum and cadmium co-induced the mRNA levels of heat shock proteins, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in shaoxing duck (Anas platyrhyncha) testicles. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5424-5431. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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23
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Yu L, O'Brien VP, Livny J, Dorsey D, Bandyopadhyay N, Colonna M, Caparon MG, Roberson EDO, Hultgren SJ, Hannan TJ. Mucosal infection rewires TNFɑ signaling dynamics to skew susceptibility to recurrence. eLife 2019; 8:46677. [PMID: 31429405 PMCID: PMC6701943 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mucosal infectious disease episode can render the host either more or less susceptible to recurrent infection, but the specific mechanisms that tip the balance remain unclear. We investigated this question in a mouse model of recurrent urinary tract infection and found that a prior bladder infection resulted in an earlier onset of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFɑ)-mediated bladder inflammation upon subsequent bacterial challenge, relative to age-matched naive mice. However, the duration of TNFɑ signaling activation differed according to whether the first infection was chronic (Sensitized) or self-limiting (Resolved). TNFɑ depletion studies revealed that transient early-phase TNFɑ signaling in Resolved mice promoted clearance of bladder-colonizing bacteria via rapid recruitment of neutrophils and subsequent exfoliation of infected bladder cells. In contrast, sustained TNFɑ signaling in Sensitized mice prolonged damaging inflammation, worsening infection. This work reveals how TNFɑ signaling dynamics can be rewired by a prior infection to shape diverse susceptibilities to future mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Valerie P O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Jonathan Livny
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Denise Dorsey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Nirmalya Bandyopadhyay
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Michael G Caparon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Elisha DO Roberson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Thomas J Hannan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
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24
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Gui JS, Jalil J, Jubri Z, Kamisah Y. Parkia speciosa empty pod extract exerts anti-inflammatory properties by modulating NFκB and MAPK pathways in cardiomyocytes exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:79-89. [PMID: 30600464 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkia speciosa Hassk is a plant found abundantly in the Southeast Asia region. Its seeds, with or without pods, have been used in traditional medicine locally to treat cardiovascular problems. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases involves inflammation and oxidative stress. Based on this information, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects of Parkia speciosa empty pod extract (PSE) on inflammation in cardiomyocytes exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups; negative control, TNF-α, PSE + TNF-α and quercetin + TNF-α. Groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with PSE ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract (500 µg/mL) or quercetin (1000 µM, positive control) for 1 h before inflammatory induction with TNF-α (12 ng/mL) for 24 h. TNF-α increased protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B cell (NFκB) p65, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 when compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). It also elevated iNOS activity, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels. These increases were significantly reduced with PSE and quercetin pretreatments. The effects of PSE were comparable to that of quercetin. PSE exhibited anti-inflammatory properties against TNF-α-induced inflammation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating the NFκB and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z Jubri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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25
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Li JJ, Zhang Y, Han LW, Tian QP, He QX, Wang XM, Sun C, Han J, Liu KC. Tenacissoside H exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the nf-κb and p38 pathways in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:205-212. [PMID: 30213642 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marsdenia tenacissima exhibits biological activity with heat-clearing and detoxifying properties, relieving coughs and asthma and exerting anticancer and anti-HIV effects. Tenacissioside H (TH) is a Chinese medicine monomer extracted from the dried stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. We investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of TH using three different zebrafish inflammation models: local inflammation induced by tail cutting, acute inflammation induced by CuSO4, and systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to elucidate the mechanism of TH action against LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Our results showed TH significantly reduced the number of macrophages in the injured zebrafish tail, inhibited CuSO4-induced migration of macrophages toward the neural mound, and decreased the distribution of macrophages in tail fin compared to LPS-treated group. Furthermore, TH inhibits LPS-induced inflammation responses in zebrafish by modulating the nuclear factor κB (nf-κb) and p38 pathways to regulate inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), cyclooxygenase (cox-2), interleukin-1b (il-1b), interleukin-8 (il-8), interleukin-10 (il-10), nitric oxide synthase (nos2b) and prostaglandin E synthase (ptges). In conclusion, TH possesses anti-inflammation activity via the regulation of the nf-κb and p38 pathways. This finding provides a reference for the clinical application of Xiaoaiping (the trade name of Marsdenia tenacissima extract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannan Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Li-Wen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Ping Tian
- Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannan Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xi-Min Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jian Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Key Laboaratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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26
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Wang Y, Jiang L, He J, Hu M, Zeng F, Li Y, Tian H, Luo X. The Adverse Effects of Se Toxicity on Inflammatory and Immune Responses in Chicken Spleens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:170-176. [PMID: 29302868 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, but excessive intake of Se could induce Se poisoning, and result in various health problems. NF-κB regulated many molecules of the immune response and the inflammatory response, and Th1/Th2 balance played a key in the regulation of immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of NF-κB pathway and Th1/Th2 imbalance in the adverse influence of Se poisoning on chicken spleens. In the current study, 90 chickens were randomly divided into two groups (n = 45 per group). The chickens were maintained either on a basal diet (the control group) containing 0.2 mg/kg Se or a high supplemented diet (the Se group) containing 15 mg/kg Se for 45 days. Then, we observed the pathohistology of spleen cells and detected NO content, iNOS activity, and the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, PTGE, IL-6, TNF-α, Foxp3, IL-4, and IFN-γ in chicken spleens. In chicken spleens of the Se group, the result showed typical characteristics of inflammation: the content of NO and the activity of iNOS were increased, and the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, PTGE, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 was enhanced and that of Foxp3 and IFN-γ was decreased. Our study showed that Se toxicity could promote inflammation via NF-κB pathway, impairing the immune function, and changing Th1/Th2 balance in the chicken spleens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Jian He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Mao Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Fankun Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China.
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27
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Malik DES, David RM, Gooderham NJ. Mechanistic evidence that benzo[a]pyrene promotes an inflammatory microenvironment that drives the metastatic potential of human mammary cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3223-3239. [PMID: 30155724 PMCID: PMC6132703 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) is a major cancer-causing contaminant present in food such as cooked meats and cereals, and is ubiquitous in the environment in smoke derived from the combustion of organic material. Exposure to B(a)P is epidemiologically linked with the incidence of breast cancer. Although B(a)P is recognized as a complete genotoxic carcinogen, thought to act primarily via CYP-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, there is also evidence that B(a)P exposure elicits other biological responses that promote development of the cancer phenotype. Here in mechanistic studies using human mammary cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, we have explored mechanisms whereby B(a)P (10- 8 to 10- 5M) promotes inflammation pathways via TNF-α and NFκB leading to IL-6 upregulation, microRNA (Let7a, miR21 and miR29b) dysregulation and activation of VEGF. The miRNA dysregulation is associated with altered expression of inflammation mediators and increased migration and invasive potential of human mammary cancer cells. Our data suggest that mammary cell exposure to B(a)P results in perturbation of inflammation mediators and dysregulation of tumorigenic miRNAs, leading to an inflammation microenvironment that facilitates migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells. These properties of B(a)P, together with its well-established metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, offer mechanistic insights into its carcinogenic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durr-E-Shahwar Malik
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rhiannon M David
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, MSAS Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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28
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Wang Y, Guan PP, Yu X, Guo YS, Zhang YJ, Wang ZY, Wang P. COX-2 metabolic products, the prostaglandin I 2 and F 2α, mediate the effects of TNF-α and Zn 2+ in stimulating the phosphorylation of Tau. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99296-99311. [PMID: 29245902 PMCID: PMC5725093 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) in regulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) production have been the subjects of numerous investigations, their effects on tau phosphorylation have been largely overlooked. Using human TauP301S transgenic (Tg) mice as in vivo model, our results demonstrated that PGI2 and PGF2α mediated the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Zinc ions (Zn2+) on upregulating the phosphorylation of tau via the PI3-K/AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways. Specifically, we initially found that high level of Zn2+ upregulates the expression of COX-2 via stimulating the activity of TNF-α in a zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3)-dependent mechanism. COX-2 upregulation then stimulates the phosphorylation of tau at both Ser 202 and Ser 400/Thr 403/Ser 404 via PGI2 and F2α treatment either in i.c.v.-injected mice or in n2a cells. Using n2a cells as in vitro model, we further revealed critical roles for the PI3-K/AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK/c-Jun pathways in mediating the effects of PGI2 and F2α in the phosphorylation of tau. Finally, NS398 treatment delayed the onset of cognitive decline in TauP301S Tg mice according to the nest construction or limb clasping test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Department of Tissue Culture, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Su Guo
- Key laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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29
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Sun X, Li S, He Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zeng X, Xing M. Arsenic-induced testicular toxicity in Gallus gallus: Expressions of inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3399-3406. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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30
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Jeengar MK, Thummuri D, Magnusson M, Naidu VGM, Uppugunduri S. Uridine Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3924. [PMID: 28634361 PMCID: PMC5478663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine, one of the four components that comprise RNA, has attracted attention as a novel therapeutic modulator of inflammation. However, very little is known about its effect on intestinal inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of intracolonic administered uridine against DSS induced colitis in male C57BL/6 mice. Intracolonic instillation of 3 doses of uridine 1 mg/Kg (lower dose), 5 mg/Kg (medium dose), and 10 mg/Kg (higher dose) in saline was performed daily. Uridine at medium and high dose significantly reduced the severity of colitis (DAI score) and alleviated the macroscopic and microscopic signs of the disease. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF in serum as well as mRNA expression in colon were significantly reduced in the uridine treated groups. Moreover, colon tissue myloperoxidase activities, protein expression of IL-6, TNF- α, COX-2, P-NFkB and P-Ikk-βα in the colon tissues were significantly reduced in medium and high dose groups. These findings demonstrated that local administration of uridine alleviated experimental colitis in male C57BL/6 mice accompanied by the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and NF-κB signaling. Thus, Uridine may be a promising candidate for future use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Autoimmunity & Immune Regulation (AIR), Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Institute, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India.
| | - Dinesh Thummuri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Institute, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Autoimmunity & Immune Regulation (AIR), Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Institute, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, India
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Institute, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India
| | - Srinivas Uppugunduri
- Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Sun X, He Y, Guo Y, Li S, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xing M. Arsenic affects inflammatory cytokine expression in Gallus gallus brain tissues. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:157. [PMID: 28583123 PMCID: PMC5460324 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The heavy metal arsenic is widely distributed in nature and posses a serious threat to organism’s health. However, little is known about the arsenic-induced inflammatory response in the brain tissues of birds and the relationship and mechanism of the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dietary arsenic on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the brains of Gallus gallus. Results Seventy-two 1-day-old male Hy-line chickens were divided into a control group, a low arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-treated (7.5 mg/kg) group, a middle As2O3-treated (15 mg/kg) group, and a high As2O3-treated (30 mg/kg) group. Arsenic exposure caused obvious ultrastructural changes. The mRNA levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGEs), in chicken brain tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem and myelencephalon) on days 30, 60 and 90, respectively, were measured by real-time PCR. The protein expression of iNOS was detected by western blot. The results showed that after being treated with As2O3, the levels of inflammatory-related factor NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines in chicken brain tissues increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Arsenic exposure in the chickens triggered host defence and induced an inflammatory response by regulating the expression of inflammatory-related genes in the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem and myelencephalon. These data form a foundation for further research on arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in Gallus gallus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1066-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Siwen Li
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
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Park DR, Ko R, Kwon SH, Min B, Yun SH, Kim MH, Minatelli J, Hill S, Lee SY. FlexPro MD, a Mixture of Krill Oil, Astaxanthin, and Hyaluronic Acid, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production Through Inhibition of NF-κB. J Med Food 2017; 19:1196-1203. [PMID: 27982753 PMCID: PMC5312594 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FlexPro MD® (FP-MD), a novel multi-ingredient dietary supplement formulation, has been demonstrated to relieve knee joint pain in humans. However, the mechanisms of action responsible for the activity of FP-MD have not been elucidated. In this study, we show the anti-inflammatory effects of FP-MD in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). FP-MD significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β. In contrast, it elevated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. FP-MD markedly reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and inhibitor of κB-α (IκB-α). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory effects of FP-MD were demonstrated in mice with LPS-induced inflammatory arthritis in which FP-MD significantly reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers. Thus, this study suggests that FP-MD has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB that may offer a molecular basis for its pain relief property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Ri Park
- 1 Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea.,2 The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryeojin Ko
- 1 Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea.,2 The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - John Minatelli
- 4 US Nutraceuticals, L.L.C. d/b/a Valensa International, Eustis, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen Hill
- 4 US Nutraceuticals, L.L.C. d/b/a Valensa International, Eustis, Florida, USA
| | - Soo Young Lee
- 1 Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea.,2 The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, Korea
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Park HJ, Baek K, Baek JH, Kim HR. TNFα Increases RANKL Expression via PGE₂-Induced Activation of NFATc1. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030495. [PMID: 28245593 PMCID: PMC5372511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is known to upregulate the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). We investigated the role of the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway in TNFα-induced RANKL expression in C2C12 and primary cultured mouse calvarial cells. TNFα-induced RANKL expression was blocked by the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitors. TNFα increased NFAT transcriptional activity and subsequent RANKL promoter binding. Mutations in the NFAT-binding element (MT(N)) suppressed TNFα-induced RANKL promoter activity. TNFα increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, which in turn enhanced NFAT transcriptional activity and binding to the RANKL promoter. MT(N) suppressed PGE2-induced RANKL promoter activity. TNFα and PGE2 increased the expression of RANKL, NFAT cytoplasmic-1 (NFATc1), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2); which increment was suppressed by indomethacin, a COX inhibitor. Mutations in the CRE-like element blocked PGE2-induced RANKL promoter activity. PGE2 induced the binding of CREB to the RANKL promoter, whereas TNFα increased the binding of both CREB and NFATc1 to this promoter through a process blocked by indomethacin. The PGE2 receptor antagonists AH6809 and AH23848 blocked TNFα-induced expression of RANKL, NFATc1, and CREB; transcriptional activity of NFAT; and binding of NFATc1 or CREB to the RANKL promoter. These results suggest that TNFα-induced RANKL expression depends on PGE2 production and subsequent transcriptional activation/enhanced binding of NFATc1 and CREB to the RANKL promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Chiu HF, Liao JY, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects ofDunaliella salinaon human KB oral carcinoma cells. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine; Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being; Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jin-Yi Liao
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology; Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- Department of Health Diet Management, School of Health Diet and Industry Management; Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Oksana Golovinskaia
- Department of Food Science, ITMO University; 9, Lomonosova Street Saint-Peterburg Russia
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
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Lajili S, Deghrigue M, Bel Haj Amor H, Muller CD, Bouraoui A. In vitro immunomodulatory activity and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential with gastroprotective effect of the Mediterranean red alga Laurencia obtusa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2486-2495. [PMID: 27096253 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1160937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Red algae have been recognized as a rich natural source of compounds possessing interesting biological and pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE This work investigates anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastroprotective activities of MeOH/CH2Cl2 crude extract and its fractions F1 (50% MeOH) and F2 (80% MeOH) from the whole alga plant Laurencia obtusa Hudson (Rhodomelaceae). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro using cytometric bead array (CBA) technology to follow up the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide activated THP-1 monocytic cells at doses of 10-250 μg/mL and in vivo using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Wistar rats at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Crude extract and fractions were tested at the doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for peripheral and central analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot-plate method, respectively, in Swiss albino mice. Gastroprotective activity was evaluated using HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer test in rats at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. RESULTS Crude extract, F1 and F2 showed an interesting inhibition of TNF-α secretion with IC50 values of 25, 52 and 24 μg/mL, respectively, and a significant anti-inflammatory activity in vivo (p < 0.01), 3 h after carrageenan injection, the oedema inhibition was 55.37%, 52.18% and 62.86%, respectively, at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Furthermore, they showed a significant peripheral analgesic activity with 53.79%, 55.92% and 57.37% (p < 0.01) of writhing inhibition, respectively. However, no significant activity was found in the hot-plate test. An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed with crude extract and its fractions F1 and F2 with a gastric ulcer inhibition of 65.48%, 77.42% and 81.29%, respectively, at the dose of 50 mg/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that L. obtusa might be used as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with gastroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Lajili
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
- b UMR 7200 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch , France
| | - Monia Deghrigue
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bel Haj Amor
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Christian D Muller
- b UMR 7200 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch , France
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
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Bohrer LR, Chaffee TS, Chuntova P, Brady NJ, Witschen PM, Kemp SE, Nelson AC, Walcheck B, Schwertfeger KL. ADAM17 in tumor associated leukocytes regulates inflammatory mediators and promotes mammary tumor formation. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:240-253. [PMID: 27738494 PMCID: PMC5059114 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment has been tightly linked to mammary tumor formation and progression. Specifically, interactions between tumor cells and infiltrating macrophages can contribute to the generation of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Understanding the complex mechanisms that drive tumor cell-macrophage cross-talk will ultimately lead to the development of approaches to prevent or treat early stage breast cancers. As described here, we demonstrate that the cell surface protease a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is expressed by macrophages in mammary tumors and contributes to regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including inflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Furthermore, we demonstrate that ADAM17 is expressed on leukocytes, including macrophages, within polyoma middle T (PyMT)-derived mammary tumors. Genetic deletion of ADAM17 in leukocytes resulted in decreased onset of mammary tumor growth, which was associated with reduced expression of the Cox-2 within the tumor. These findings demonstrate that ADAM17 regulates key inflammatory mediators in macrophages and that leukocyte-specific ADAM17 is an important promoter of mammary tumor initiation. Understanding the mechanisms associated with early stage tumorigenesis has implications for the development of preventive and/or treatment strategies for early stage breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Bohrer
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Thomas S Chaffee
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Pavlina Chuntova
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Patrice M Witschen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Kemp
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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Dey P, Roy Chowdhuri S, Sarkar MP, Chaudhuri TK. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and standardisation of hydro-methanol extract of underground tuber of Dioscorea alata. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1474-1482. [PMID: 26864460 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context The underground edible tuber of Dioscorea alata L. (Dioscoreaceae) is a functional food with high nutritive value and therapeutic potential. The tuber is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medicine. Objective The present study explores the anti-inflammatory activity and standardisation of D. alata tuber hydromethanol extract. Materials and methods Hydromethanol extract (70%) of D. alata tuber was chemically characterised using HPLC and GC-MS techniques. Murine lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h with six different concentrations (0-80 μg/mL) of the extract. The expression of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, COX-1, COX-2, and PGE2 were evaluated using colorimetric and ELISA methods. Results Dioscorea alata extract inhibited the expression of NO and TNF-α with an IC50 value of 134.51 ± 6.75 and 113.30 ± 7.44 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for inhibition of total COX, COX-1, COX-2 activities and PGE2 level were 41.96 ± 3.07, 141.41 ± 8.99, 32.50 ± 1.69, and 186.34 ± 15.36 μg/mL, respectively. Inhibition of PGE2 level and COX-2 activity was positively correlated (R(2) = 0.9393). Gallic acid (GA), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4HBA), syringic acid (SYA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), and myricetin (MY) were identified and quantified using HPLC. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 13 different phytocompounds such as hexadecanoic acid, methyl stearate, cinnamyl cinnamate, and squalene. Conclusion The D. alata extract significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory signals in a gradual manner compared with control (0 μg/mL). Different bioactive phytocompounds individually possessing anti-inflammatory activities contributed to the overall bioactivity of the D. alata tuber extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- a Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of North Bengal , Siliguri , West Bengal , India
| | - Sumedha Roy Chowdhuri
- b Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , West Bengal , India
| | - Mousumi Poddar Sarkar
- b Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , West Bengal , India
| | - Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri
- a Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of North Bengal , Siliguri , West Bengal , India
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Corynoline Isolated from Corydalis bungeana Turcz. Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Modulation of Nfr2 and MAPKs. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080975. [PMID: 27472313 PMCID: PMC6273489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corydalis bungeana Turcz. is an anti-inflammatory medicinal herb used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for upper respiratory tract infections. It is demonstrated that corynoline is its active anti-inflammatory component. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play important roles in the regulation of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of corynoline through modulation of Nfr2 and MAPKs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells were used to explore modulatory role of NO production and the activation of signaling proteins and transcription factors using nitrite assay, Western bloting and qPCR. Treatment with corynoline reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) and the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Treatment also significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) at the mRNA and protein levels, which demonstrated that corynoline may protect cells from inflammation through the Nrf2/ARE pathway In addition, corynoline suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, molecular data revealed that corynoline inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated phosphorylation of c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Taken together, these results suggest that corynoline reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β, by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) and p38 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells, which is regulated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway. These findings reveal part of the molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of corynoline.
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Absence of CD66a expression is associated with high microvessel density and high histologic grade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:306-12. [PMID: 27377843 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver. Patients with HCC usually have poor prognosis and high mortality. It has been shown that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD66a) regulates cell signaling, proliferation, and tumor growth. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression and possible role of CD66a in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining of CD66a was performed on 86 HCC cases, and microvessel density was evaluated by CD34 immunostaining. The results were further correlated with clinicopathological parameters. For 47 of 86 HCC cases, the CD66a expression showed diffuse membrane or cytoplasmic staining. The other 39 HCC cases revealed loss of CD66a expression. Loss of CD66a expression was statistically significantly associated with large tumor size (p=0.016), fatty change (p=0.039), patients with transcatheter arterial embolization (p=0.007), and high microvessel density (p=0.036). CD34 expression had no significant association with tumor size, virus infection, histological grade, and capsular invasion. The diffuse and cytoplasmic expression of CD66a may involve the early stage of the HCC, and the loss of CD66a expression indicates tumor progression.
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Du Y, Zhu Y, Teng X, Zhang K, Teng X, Li S. Toxicological Effect of Manganese on NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 Signaling Pathway in Chicken Testes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:227-34. [PMID: 25904117 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) pollution can cause tissue and organ dysfunction and structural damage. The toxicity of Mn in poultry was reported, but inflammatory damage that Mn induced in the testicular tissue has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mn poisoning on NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 signaling pathway in chicken testes. One hundred eighty Hyline male chickens at 7 days of age were fed either commercial diet or MnCl2-added commercial diet containing 600, 900, and 1800 mg/kg Mn for 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) content, iNOS activity, and histopathology were examined in chicken testes. The results showed that excess Mn upregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α, and iNOS, NO content, and iNOS activity at 60th and 90th day. Mn had a time-dependent effect on NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA expression. Mn had a dose- and time-dependent effect on NO content and iNOS activity. Mn exposure induced chicken testis histological changes in dose- and time-dependent manner. It indicated that Mn exposure resulted in inflammatory injury of chicken testis tissue through NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Teng
- Heilongjiang Grassland and Forage Central Experimental Station, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Wu TT, Lu CL, Lin HI, Chen BF, Jow GM. β-Elemonic acid inhibits the cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells: The role of MAPK, ROS activation and glutathione depletion. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:227-34. [PMID: 26530631 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemonic acid, a known triterpene, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, yet research on the pharmacological effects of β-elemonic acid is rare. We investigated the anticancer effects and the related molecular mechanisms of β-elemonic acid on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. The effects of β-elemonic acid on the growth of A549 cells were studied using a 3-(4,5)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin V staining. The effect of β-elemonic acid on the cell cycle of A549 cells was assessed using the propidium iodide method. The change in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using a dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay with microscopic examination. The expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family proteins and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were detected using western blot analysis. Our data revealed that β-elemonic acid strongly induced human A549 lung cancer cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner as determined by the MTT assay. β-elemonic acid-induced cell death was considered to be apoptotic when the phosphatidylserine exposure was observed using Annexin V staining. The death of human A549 lung cancer cells was caused by apoptosis induced by activation of ROS activity, increase in the sub-G1 proportion, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, upregulation of Bax expression and inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathways. These results clearly demonstrated that β-elemonic acid inhibits proliferation by inducing hypoploid cells and cell apoptosis. Moreover, the anticancer effects of β-elemonic acid were related to the MAPK signaling pathway, ROS activation and glutathione depletion in human A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Tuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shin‑Kong Wu Ho‑Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hen-I Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bing-Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shaheen ZR, Corbett JA. Macrophage Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Response to EMCV Infection. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1938-54. [PMID: 26295266 PMCID: PMC4598781 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and production of type 1 interferon is the classic cellular response to virus infection. In addition to this antiviral response, virus infection also stimulates the production of proinflammatory mediators. In this review, the pathways controlling the induction of inflammatory genes and the roles that these inflammatory mediators contribute to host defense against viral pathogens will be discussed. Specific focus will be on the role of the chemokine receptor CCR5, as a signaling receptor controlling the activation of pathways leading to virus-induced inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Ming M, Han W, Zhao B, Sundaresan NR, Deng CX, Gupta MP, He YY. SIRT6 promotes COX-2 expression and acts as an oncogene in skin cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5925-33. [PMID: 25320180 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SIRT6 is a SIR2 family member that regulates multiple molecular pathways involved in metabolism, genomic stability, and aging. It has been proposed previously that SIRT6 is a tumor suppressor in cancer. Here, we challenge this concept by presenting evidence that skin-specific deletion of SIRT6 in the mouse inhibits skin tumorigenesis. SIRT6 promoted expression of COX-2 by repressing AMPK signaling, thereby increasing cell proliferation and survival in the skin epidermis. SIRT6 expression in skin keratinocytes was increased by exposure to UVB light through activation of the AKT pathway. Clinically, we found that SIRT6 was upregulated in human skin squamous cell carcinoma. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SIRT6 functions as an oncogene in the epidermis and suggest greater complexity to its role in epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ming
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weinong Han
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Baozhong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Lutz CS, Cornett AL. Regulation of genes in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway by RNA processing and RNA-mediated mechanisms. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 4:593-605. [PMID: 23956046 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is converted by enzymes in an important metabolic pathway to produce molecules known collectively as eicosanoids, 20 carbon molecules with significant physiological and pathological functions in the human body. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes work in one arm of the pathway to produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs), while the actions of 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5 or 5LO) and its associated protein (ALOX5AP or FLAP) work in the other arm of the metabolic pathway to produce leukotrienes (LTs). The expression of the COX and ALOX5 enzymes that convert AA to eicosanoids is highly regulated at the post- or co-transcriptional level by alternative mRNA splicing, alternative mRNA polyadenylation, mRNA stability, and microRNA (miRNA) regulation. This review article will highlight these mechanisms of mRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Lutz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, NJ, USA.
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45
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Zhu M, Zhu Y, Lance P. TNFα-activated stromal COX-2 signalling promotes proliferative and invasive potential of colon cancer epithelial cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 46:374-81. [PMID: 23869759 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Up to now it has been unclear whether stromal/epithelial interaction affects progression of colon cancer. This study was designed to examine effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-activated stromal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signalling on proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Cell proliferation and invasiveness were determined by transwell chamber assays and protein kinase C (PKC) was assayed by Biotrak(™) PKC Assay System. RESULTS Our results indicated that TNFα, a powerful inflammatory cytokine, strongly promoted COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in colon cancer-associated fibroblasts. Using in vitro assays for estimating proliferative and invasive potential, we discovered that activation of stromal COX-2 signalling significantly promoted proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells. In addition, selective COX-2 inhibitor N-[2-(Cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl]methanesulfonamide, blocked such proliferative and invasive effects on the cancer epithelial cells. In this process, PKC was involved in activation of COX-2 signalling in the fibroblasts. CONCLUSION We conclude that activation of stromal COX-2 signalling by TNFα played a major role in promoting proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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Babesia bovis:lipids from virulent S2P and attenuated R1A strains trigger differential signalling and inflammatory responses in bovine macrophages. Parasitology 2013; 140:530-40. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118201200193x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe intra-erythrocytic protozoanBabesia bovisis an economically important pathogen that causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle. Babesiosis limitation depends on the early activation of macrophages, essential cells of the host innate immunity, which can generate an inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Herein, we demonstrate in bovine macrophages that lipids fromB. bovisattenuated R1A strain (LA) produced a stronger NO release, an early TNFαmRNA induction and 2-fold higher IL-12p35 mRNA levels compared to the lipids of virulent S2P strain (LV). Neither LAnor LVinduced anti-inflammatory IL-10. Regarding signalling pathways, we here report that LAinduced a significant phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) whereas LVonly induced a reduced activation of ERK1/2. Besides, NF-κB was activated by LAand LV, but LAproduced an early degradation of the inhibitor IκB. Interestingly, LVand the majority of its lipid fractions, exerted a significant inhibition of concanavalin A-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation with respect to LAand its corresponding lipid fractions. In addition, we determined that animals infected with R1A developed a higher increase in IgM anti-phosphatidylcholine than those inoculated with S2P. Collectively, S2P lipids generated a decreased inflammatory response contributing to the evasion of innate immunity. Moreover, since R1A lipids induced a pro-inflammatory profile, we propose these molecules as good candidates for immunoprophylactic strategies against babesiosis.
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Kim JH, Park DK, Lee CH, Yoon DY. A new isoflavone glycitein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside 4''-O-methylate, isolated from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans extract, inhibits EGF-induced mucus hypersecretion in the human lung mucoepidermoid cells. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1807-12. [PMID: 22407817 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new isoflavone glycitein 7-O-beta-d-glucoside 4''-O-methylate (CGLM) has been isolated recently from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybean extract and has antioxidant activity. In the present study, CGLM was investigated for its suppression of airway mucous hyper-secretion in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated human lung mucoepidermoid cells. NCI-H292 cells were treated with CGLM for 1 h, followed by EGF treatment for 24 h. The decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) production was correlated with reduced levels of protein and mRNA of inducible matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and also MUC5AC gene expression. CGLM directly inhibited down-regulated NF-κB activity, and significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 (p42/p44) in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that CGLM protects NCI-H292 cells from EGF-induced damage by down-regulation of COX-2, MMP-9 and MUC5AC gene expression, mediated via blocking the NF-kappa-B and p38/ERK MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BIMC, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Abraham F, Sacerdoti F, De León R, Gentile T, Canellada A. Angiotensin II activates the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway and induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rat endometrial stromal cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37750. [PMID: 22662209 PMCID: PMC3360626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, plays a role in the process of uterine decidualization and blastocyst attachment. On the other hand, overexpression of COX-2 is involved in the proliferation of the endometrial tissue during endometriosis. Deregulation of the renin-angiotensin-system plays a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and pre-eclampsia. Angiotensin II increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration by targeting phospholypase C-gamma in endometrial stromal cells (ESC). A key element of the cellular response to Ca(2+) signals is the activity of the Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Our first aim was to study whether angiotensin II stimulated Cox-2 gene expression in rat ESC and to analyze whether calcineurin activity was involved. In cells isolated from non-pregnant uteri, COX-2 expression--both mRNA and protein--was induced by co-stimulation with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore (PIo), as well as by angiotensin II. Pretreatment with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A inhibited this induction. We further analyzed the role of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in the induction of Cox-2 gene expression in non-pregnant rat ESC. Cyclosporin A abolished NFATc1 dephosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus. Cyclosporin A also inhibited the transcriptional activity driven by the Cox-2 promoter. Exogenous expression of the peptide VIVIT -specific inhibitor of calcineurin/NFAT binding- blocked the activation of Cox-2 promoter and the up-regulation of COX-2 protein in these cells. Finally we analyzed Cox-2 gene expression in ESC of early-pregnant rats. COX-2 expression--both mRNA and protein--was induced by stimulation with PIo as well as by angiotensin II. This induction appears to be calcineurin independent, since it was not abrogated by cyclosporin A. In conclusion, angiotensin II induced Cox-2 gene expression by activating the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in endometrial stromal cells of non-pregnant but not of early-pregnant rats. These results might be related to differential roles that COX-2 plays in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Abraham
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Profesor Ricardo A. Margni” (CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Sacerdoti
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Profesor Ricardo A. Margni” (CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina De León
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Profesor Ricardo A. Margni” (CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Gentile
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Profesor Ricardo A. Margni” (CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Canellada
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Profesor Ricardo A. Margni” (CONICET-UBA), Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Ishibashi Y, Inouye Y, Taniguchi A. Expression and Role of Sugar Chains on Airway Mucus in Induction and Exacerbation of Airway Inflammation. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:699-704. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishibashi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Toho University
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | | | - Akiyoshi Taniguchi
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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50
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Bardagí M, Fondevila D, Ferrer L. Immunohistochemical Detection of COX-2 in Feline and Canine Actinic Keratoses and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2012; 146:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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