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Mumtaz SM, Khan MA, Jamal A, Hattiwale SH, Parvez S. Toxin-derived peptides: An unconventional approach to alleviating cerebral stroke burden and neurobehavioral impairments. Life Sci 2024; 351:122777. [PMID: 38851419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a pressing global health concern, ranking as the second leading cause of mortality and resulting in persistent neurobehavioral impairments. Cerebral strokes, triggered by various embolic events, initiate complex signaling pathways involving neuroexcitotoxicity, ionic imbalances, inflammation, oxidative stress, acidosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to programmed cell death. Currently, the FDA has approved tissue plasminogen activator as a relatively benign intervention for cerebral stroke, leaving a significant treatment gap. However, a promising avenue has emerged from Earth's toxic creatures. Animal venoms harbor bioactive molecules, particularly neuropeptides, with potential in innovative healthcare applications. These venomous components, affecting ion channels, receptors, and transporters, encompass neurochemicals, amino acids, and peptides, making them prime candidates for treating cerebral ischemia and neurological disorders. This review explores the composition, applications, and significance of toxin-derived peptides as viable therapeutic agents. It also investigates diverse toxins from select venomous creatures, with the primary objective of shedding light on current stroke treatments and paving the way for pioneering therapeutic strategies capable of addressing neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Md Mumtaz
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheenkousar H Hattiwale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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More NE, Mandlik R, Zine S, Gawali VS, Godad AP. Exploring the therapeutic opportunities of potassium channels for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1286069. [PMID: 38783950 PMCID: PMC11111972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1286069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the synovial joint, which leads to inflammation, loss of function, joint destruction, and disability. The disease biology of RA involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors and is strongly associated with various immune cells, and each of the cell types contributes differently to disease pathogenesis. Several immunomodulatory molecules, such as cytokines, are secreted from the immune cells and intervene in the pathogenesis of RA. In immune cells, membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Ion channels control the membrane potential and effector functions such as cytotoxic activity. Moreover, clinical studies investigating patients with mutations and alterations in ion channels and transporters revealed their importance in effective immune responses. Recent studies have shown that voltage-gated potassium channels and calcium-activated potassium channels and their subtypes are involved in the regulation of immune cells and RA. Due to the role of these channels in the pathogenesis of RA and from multiple pieces of clinical evidence, they can be considered therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA. Here, we describe the role of voltage-gated and calcium-activated potassium channels and their subtypes in RA and their pharmacological application as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Mandlik
- Medical Affairs, Shalina Healthcare DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandip Zine
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Angel Pavalu Godad
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Lintermans LL, Stegeman CA, Muñoz-Elías EJ, Tarcha EJ, Iadonato SP, Rutgers A, Heeringa P, Abdulahad WH. Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:198-208. [PMID: 37086441 PMCID: PMC10765141 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic relapsing systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Current treatment of GPA is unsatisfactory, as it relies on strong immunosuppressive regimens, with either CYC or rituximab, which reduce the immunogenicity of several vaccines and are risk factors for a severe form of COVID-19. This emphasizes the need to identify new drug targets and to develop treatment strategies with less harmful side effects. Since CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) play a key role in the pathogenesis of GPA, we aimed in this study to modulate CD4+TEM cell activity via Kv1.3 blockade using the specific peptide inhibiter, ShK-186. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 27 patients with GPA in remission and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were pre-incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ShK-186, followed by stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, calcium ionophore and brefeldin-A. The effect of ShK-186 on the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21) within total and subsets of CD4+ T helper (CD4+TH) cells were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS ShK-186 reduced the expression level of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-21 in CD4+TH cells from patients with GPA in vitro. Further analysis performed on sorted CD4+T cell subsets, revealed that ShK-186 predominantly inhibited the cytokine production of CD4+TEM cells. ShK-186 treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to the level seen in CD4+ TH cells from HCs. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of cellular effector function by ShK-186 may constitute a novel treatment strategy for GPA with high specificity and less harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Lintermans
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen A Stegeman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chen Y, Liu H, Yan Y, Chen H, Ye S, Qiu F, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Zheng F, Han L, Lu C, Dai Z. Methotrexate and electrostimulation cooperate to alleviate the relapse of psoriasiform skin inflammation by suppressing memory T cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115979. [PMID: 38081367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant used to treat autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. However, like other immunosuppressants, MTX alone does not prevent their recurrence. Electrostimulation (ES) has been utilized to treat some inflammatory disorders without any major side-effect. But it remains unknown if ES alone, or together with MTX, ameliorates autoimmune disease relapse: a sticky medical problem. In particular, the mechanisms underlying ES action remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine an impact of ES and/or MTX on psoriasis relapse and their potential cooperation. We found that regional ES, but not MTX, ameliorated psoriasiform skin inflammation recurrence. Interestingly, treatment with both MTX and ES further prevented psoriasis recurrence compared to ES alone. Moreover, ES downregulated potassium channel Kv1.3 on T-cells and reduced CD4+/CD8+ effector memory (TEM) and CD8+ skin-resident memory T (TRM) cells, while ES plus MTX further decreased CD8+ TEM/TRM cells compared to ES alone. However, ES failed to further attenuate psoriasis recurrence or suppress T cell memory in Kv1.3-deficient mice, whereas lack of Kv1.3 itself ameliorated psoriasis relapse by shrinking T cell memory pool. Importantly, ES moderately inhibited T-cell proliferation in vitro. ES also reduced human CD8+ TRM cells and attenuated human skin lesions in humanized mice grafted with lesional skin from patients with recurrent psoriasis, with an enhanced efficacy in mice treated with both ES and MTX. Thus, ES and MTX cooperated to prevent psoriasis relapse by reducing T-cell memory via targeting potassium channel Kv1.3. Our studies may be implicated for treating human psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuhong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shuyan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Wang Y, Hurley A, De Giorgi M, Tanner MR, Hu RC, Pennington MW, Lagor WR, Beeton C. Adeno-Associated virus 8 delivers an immunomodulatory peptide to mouse liver more efficiently than to rat liver. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283996. [PMID: 37040361 PMCID: PMC10089316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the Kv1.3 potassium channel has proven effective in reducing obesity and the severity of animal models of autoimmune disease. Stichodactyla toxin (ShK), isolated from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, is a potent blocker of Kv1.3. Several of its analogs are some of the most potent and selective blockers of this channel. However, like most biologics, ShK and its analogs require injections for their delivery, and repeated injections reduce patient compliance during the treatment of chronic diseases. We hypothesized that inducing the expression of an ShK analog by hepatocytes would remove the requirement for frequent injections and lead to a sustained level of Kv1.3 blocker in the circulation. To this goal, we tested the ability of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)8 vectors to target hepatocytes for expressing the ShK analog, ShK-235 (AAV-ShK-235) in rodents. We designed AAV8 vectors expressing the target transgene, ShK-235, or Enhanced Green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Transduction of mouse livers led to the production of sufficient levels of functional ShK-235 in the serum from AAV-ShK-235 single-injected mice to block Kv1.3 channels. However, AAV-ShK-235 therapy was not effective in reducing high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. In addition, injection of even high doses of AAV8-ShK-235 to rats resulted in a very low liver transduction efficiency and failed to reduce inflammation in a well-established rat model of delayed-type hypersensitivity. In conclusion, the AAV8-based delivery of ShK-235 was highly effective in inducing the secretion of functional Kv1.3-blocking peptide in mouse, but not rat, hepatocytes yet did not reduce obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ayrea Hurley
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rong-Chi Hu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - William R. Lagor
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Zou Y, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Xiao M, Xiang Q, Zhang L, Shi W, Tao H, Chen L, Han B, Yin S. The immunosuppressive effects and mechanisms of loureirin B on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094649. [PMID: 37168850 PMCID: PMC10165104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease mainly affecting joints of the hands and wrists. The discovery of autoantibodies in the serum of patients revealed that RA belonged to the autoimmune diseases and laid a theoretical basis for its immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly involves abnormal activation and proliferation of effector memory T cells, which is closely related to the elevated expression of Kv1.3, a voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel on the effector memory T cell membrane. Drugs blocking the Kv1.3 channel showed a strong protective effect in RA model animals, suggesting that Kv1.3 is a target for the discovery of specific RA immunosuppressive drugs. Methods In the present study, we synthesized LrB and studied the effects of LrB on collagen- induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. The clinical score, paw volume and joint morphology of CIA model rats were compared. The percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rat peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen were analyzed with flow cytometry. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-1b and IL-6 expression in joints and the Kv1.3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified by qPCR. To further study the mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of LrB, western blot and immunofluorescence were utilized to study the expression of Kv1.3 and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) in two cell models - Jurkat T cell line and extracted PBMCs. Results LrB effectively reduced the clinical score and relieved joint swelling. LrB could also decrease the percentage of CD4+ T cells, while increase the percentage of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen of rats with CIA. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were significantly reduced by LrB. The results of qPCR showed that Kv1.3 mRNA in the PBMCs of CIA rats was significantly higher than that of the control and significantly decreased in the LrB treatment groups. In addition, we confirmed in cell models that LrB significantly decreased Kv1.3 protein on the cell membrane and inhibited the activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) with immune stimulus. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed that LrB could block NFAT1 activation and reduce Kv1.3 expression in activated T cells, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes and the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby effectively weakening the autoimmune responses in CIA rats. The effects of immunosuppression due to LrB revealed its potential medicinal value in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Xiang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyi Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobo Tao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Han, ; Shijin Yin,
| | - Shijin Yin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Han, ; Shijin Yin,
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Veytia-Bucheli JI, Alvarado-Velázquez DA, Possani LD, González-Amaro R, Rosenstein Y. The Ca 2+ Channel Blocker Verapamil Inhibits the In Vitro Activation and Function of T Lymphocytes: A 2022 Reappraisal. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071478. [PMID: 35890372 PMCID: PMC9324055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used to treat different cardiovascular conditions. These drugs disrupt the intracellular Ca2+ signaling network, inhibiting numerous cellular functions in different cells, including T lymphocytes. We explored the effect of the CCB verapamil on normal human peripheral blood T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Cells were activated by ligating CD3 or CD3/CD28 in the presence or absence of verapamil, and the expression of activation-induced cell surface molecules (CD25, CD40L, CD69, PD-1, and OX40), cell proliferation, and cytokine release were assessed by flow cytometry. Verapamil exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression of all the activation-induced cell surface molecules tested. In addition, verapamil diminished T cell proliferation induced in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation. Likewise, the production of Th1/Th17 and Th2 cytokines was also reduced by verapamil. Our data substantiate a potent in vitro suppressive effect of verapamil on T lymphocytes, a fact that might be relevant in patients receiving CCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 615, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Den Alejandro Alvarado-Velázquez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (J.I.V.-B.); (D.A.A.-V.); (L.D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(777)-329-1606
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Moussaoui H, Ladjel-Mendil A, Laraba-Djebari F. Neuromodulation of neurological disorders in a demyelination model: effect of a potassium channel inhibitor from Androctonus scorpion venom. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2022698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadjila Moussaoui
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Ladjel-Mendil
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Algiers, Algeria
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Zeng Q, Lu W, Deng Z, Zhang B, Wu J, Chai J, Chen X, Xu X. The toxin mimic FS48 from the salivary gland of Xenopsylla cheopis functions as a Kv1.3 channel-blocking immunomodulator of T cell activation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101497. [PMID: 34919963 PMCID: PMC8732088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kv1.3 channel has been widely demonstrated to play crucial roles in the activation and proliferation of T cells, which suggests that selective blockers could serve as potential therapeutics for autoimmune diseases mediated by T cells. We previously described that the toxin mimic FS48 from salivary gland of Xenopsylla cheopis downregulates the secretion of proinflammatory factors by Raw 264.7 cells by blocking the Kv1.3 channel and the subsequent inactivation of the proinflammatory MAPK/NF-κB pathways. However, the effects of FS48 on human T cells and autoimmune diseases are unclear. Here, we described its immunomodulatory effects on human T cells derived from suppression of Kv1.3 channel. Kv1.3 currents in Jurkat T cells were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp, and Ca2+ influx, cell proliferation, and TNF-α and IL-2 secretion were measured using Fluo-4, CCK-8, and ELISA assays, respectively. The in vivo immunosuppressive activity of FS48 was evaluated with a rat DTH model. We found that FS48 reduced Kv1.3 currents in Jurkat T cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of about 1.42 μM. FS48 also significantly suppressed Kv1.3 protein expression, Ca2+ influx, MAPK/NF-κB/NFATc1 pathway activation, and TNF-α and IL-2 production in activated Jurkat T cells. Finally, we show that FS48 relieved the DTH response in rats. We therefore conclude that FS48 can block the Kv1.3 channel and inhibit human T cell activation, which most likely contributes to its immunomodulatory actions and highlights the great potential of this evolutionary-guided peptide as a drug template in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingye Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wancheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Chokshi R, Bennett O, Zhelay T, Kozak JA. NSAIDs Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Salicylate, and Aspirin Inhibit TRPM7 Channels by Cytosolic Acidification. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727549. [PMID: 34733174 PMCID: PMC8558630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for relieving pain and inflammation accompanying numerous disease states. The primary therapeutic mechanism of these widely used drugs is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX1, 2) enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. At higher doses, NSAIDs are used for prevention of certain types of cancer and as experimental treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. In the immune system, various NSAIDs have been reported to influence neutrophil function and lymphocyte proliferation, and affect ion channels and cellular calcium homeostasis. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) cation channels are highly expressed in T lymphocytes and are inhibited by Mg2+, acidic pH, and polyamines. Here, we report a novel effect of naproxen, ibuprofen, salicylate, and acetylsalicylate on TRPM7. At concentrations of 3–30mM, they reversibly inhibited TRPM7 channel currents. By measuring intracellular pH with the ratiometric indicator BCECF, we found that at 300μM to 30mM, these NSAIDs reversibly acidified the cytoplasm in a concentration-dependent manner, and propose that TRPM7 channel inhibition is a consequence of cytosolic acidification, rather than direct. NSAID inhibition of TRPM7 channels was slow, voltage-independent, and displayed use-dependence, increasing in potency upon repeated drug applications. The extent of channel inhibition by salicylate strongly depended on cellular PI(4,5)P2 levels, as revealed when this phospholipid was depleted with voltage-sensitive lipid phosphatase (VSP). Salicylate inhibited heterologously expressed wildtype TRPM7 channels but not the S1107R variant, which is insensitive to cytosolic pH, Mg2+, and PI(4,5)P2 depletion. NSAID-induced acidification was also observed in Schneider 2 cells from Drosophila, an organism that lacks orthologous COX genes, suggesting that this effect is unrelated to COX enzyme activity. A 24-h exposure to 300μM–10mM naproxen resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability. In addition to TRPM7, the described NSAID effect would be expected to apply to other ion channels and transporters sensitive to intracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Chokshi
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Orville Bennett
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Tetyana Zhelay
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J Ashot Kozak
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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11
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Shi S, Zhao Q, Ke C, Long S, Zhang F, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu X, Hu H, Yin S. Loureirin B Exerts its Immunosuppressive Effects by Inhibiting STIM1/Orai1 and K V1.3 Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685092. [PMID: 34248635 PMCID: PMC8268022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loureirin B (LrB) is a constituent extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Resina Draconis. It has broad biological functions and an impressive immunosuppressive effect that has been supported by numerous studies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Loureirin B-induced immune suppression are not fully understood. We previously reported that Loureirin B inhibited KV1.3 channel, calcium ion (Ca2+) influx, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion in Jurkat T cells. In this study, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 to edit KV1.3 coding gene KCNA3 and successfully generated a KV1.3 knockout (KO) cell model to determine whether KV1.3 KO was sufficient to block the Loureirin B-induced immunosuppressive effect. Surprisingly, we showed that Loureirin B could still inhibit Ca2+ influx and IL-2 secretion in the Jurkat T cells in the absence of KV1.3 although KO KV1.3 reduced about 50% of Ca2+ influx and 90% IL-2 secretion compared with that in the wild type cells. Further experiments showed that Loureirin B directly inhibited STIM1/Orai1 channel in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that Loureirin B inhibits Ca2+ influx and IL-2 secretion in Jurkat T cells by inhibiting both KV1.3 and STIM1/Orai1 channels. These studies also revealed an additional molecular target for Loureirin B-induced immunosuppressive effect, which makes it a promising leading compound for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihua Ke
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Siru Long
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Shijin Yin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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12
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Olivencia MA, Martínez-Casales M, Peraza DA, García-Redondo AB, Mondéjar-Parreño G, Hernanz R, Salaices M, Cogolludo A, Pennington MW, Valenzuela C, Briones AM. K V 1.3 channels are novel determinants of macrophage-dependent endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1836-1854. [PMID: 33556997 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KV 1.3 channels are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they contribute to proliferation rather than contraction and participate in vascular remodelling. KV 1.3 channels are also expressed in macrophages, where they assemble with KV 1.5 channels (KV 1.3/KV 1.5), whose activation generates a KV current. In macrophages, the KV 1.3/KV 1.5 ratio is increased by classical activation (M1). Whether these channels are involved in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular remodelling, and whether they can modulate the macrophage phenotype in hypertension, remains unknown. We characterized the role of KV 1.3 channels in vascular damage in hypertension. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used AngII-infused mice treated with two selective KV 1.3 channel inhibitors (HsTX[R14A] and [EWSS]ShK). Vascular function and structure were measured using wire and pressure myography, respectively. VSMC and macrophage electrophysiology were studied using the patch-clamp technique; gene expression was analysed using RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS AngII increased KV 1.3 channel expression in mice aorta and peritoneal macrophages which was abolished by HsTX[R14A] treatment. KV 1.3 inhibition did not prevent hypertension, vascular remodelling, or stiffness but corrected AngII-induced macrophage infiltration and endothelial dysfunction in the small mesenteric arteries and/or aorta, via a mechanism independent of electrophysiological changes in VSMCs. AngII modified the electrophysiological properties of peritoneal macrophages, indicating an M1-like activated state, with enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines that induced endothelial dysfunction. These effects were prevented by KV 1.3 blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We unravelled a new role for KV 1.3 channels in the macrophage-dependent endothelial dysfunction induced by AngII in mice which might be due to modulation of macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Olivencia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Casales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Diego A Peraza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | | | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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13
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Löhndorf A, Hosang L, Dohle W, Odoardi F, Waschkowski SA, Rosche A, Bauche A, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Windhorst S, Marry S, Flügel A, Potter BVL, Diercks BP, Guse AH. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its derivatives inhibit store-operated Ca 2+ entry in T cells: Identification of a new and potent inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118988. [PMID: 33581218 PMCID: PMC8062851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation starts with formation of second messengers that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thereby activate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), one of the essential signals for T cell activation. Recently, the steroidal 2-methoxyestradiol was shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We therefore investigated 2-methoxyestradiol for inhibition of Ca2+ entry in T cells, screened a library of 2-methoxyestradiol analogues, and characterized the derivative 2-ethyl-3-sulfamoyloxy-17β-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX564) as a novel, potent and specific SOCE inhibitor. STX564 inhibits Ca2+ entry via SOCE without affecting other ion channels and pumps involved in Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Downstream effects such as cytokine expression and cell proliferation were also inhibited by both 2-methoxyestradiol and STX564, which has potential as a new chemical biology tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Löhndorf
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sissy-Alina Waschkowski
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Rosche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Marry
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Actions of FTY720 (Fingolimod), a Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator, on Delayed-Rectifier K + Current and Intermediate-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel in Jurkat T-Lymphocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194525. [PMID: 33023219 PMCID: PMC7582672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FTY720 (fingolimod), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, is known to produce the immunomodulatory actions and to be beneficial for treating the relapsing multiple sclerosis. However, whether it exerts any effects on membrane ion currents in immune cells remains largely unknown. Herein, the effects of FTY720 on ionic currents in Jurkat T-lymphocytes were investigated. Cell exposure to FTY720 suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.51 μM. Increasing the FTY720 concentration not only decreased the IK(DR) amplitude but also accelerated the inactivation time course of the current. By using the minimal reaction scheme, the effect of FTY720 on IK(DR) inactivation was estimated with a dissociation constant of 3.14 μM. FTY720 also shifted the inactivation curve of IK(DR) to a hyperpolarized potential with no change in the slope factor, and recovery from IK(DR) became slow during the exposure to this compound. Cumulative inactivation for IK(DR) in response to repetitive depolarizations was enhanced in the presence of FTY720. In SEW2871-treated cells, FTY720-induced inhibition of IK(DR) was attenuated. This compound also exerted a stimulatory action on the activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. However, in NSC-34 neuronal cells, FTY720 did not modify the inactivation kinetics of KV3.1-encoded IK(DR), although it suppressed IK(DR) amplitude in these cells. Collectively, the perturbations by FTY720 on different types of K+ channels may contribute to the functional activities of immune cells, if similar findings appear in vivo.
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15
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New opportunities and challenges of venom-based and bacteria-derived molecules for anticancer targeted therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:356-369. [PMID: 32846203 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to advances in detection and treatment of cancer, especially the rise in the targeted therapy, the five-year relative survival rate of all cancers has increased significantly. However, according to the analysis of the survival rate of cancer patients in 2019, the survival rate of most cancers is still less than five years. Therefore, to combat complex cancer and further improve the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients, it is necessary to develop some new anticancer drugs. Because of the adaptive evolution of toxic species for millions of years, the venom sac is a "treasure bank", which has millions of biomolecules with high affinity and stability awaiting further development. Complete utilization of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs in the market is still staggering because of incomplete understanding regarding their mode of action. In this review, we focused on the currently identified targets for anticancer effects based on venomous and bacterial biomolecules, such as ion channels, membrane non-receptor molecules, integrins, and other related target molecules. This review will serve as the key for exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs and will also lay the path for the development of anticancer targeted therapy.
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16
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Tajti G, Wai DCC, Panyi G, Norton RS. The voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3 as a therapeutic target for venom-derived peptides. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:114146. [PMID: 32653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is a well-established therapeutic target for a range of autoimmune diseases, in addition to being the site of action of many venom-derived peptides. Numerous studies have documented the efficacy of venom peptides that target KV1.3, in particular from sea anemones and scorpions, in animal models of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, an analogue of the sea anemone peptide ShK (known as dalazatide) has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical trials in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. In this article we consider other potential therapeutic applications of inhibitors of KV1.3, including in inflammatory bowel disease and neuroinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as fibrotic diseases. We also summarise strategies for facilitating the entry of peptides to the central nervous system, given that this will be a pre-requisite for the treatment of most neuroinflammatory diseases. Venom-derived peptides that have been reported recently to target KV1.3 are also described. The increasing number of autoimmune and other conditions in which KV1.3 is upregulated and is therefore a potential therapeutic target, combined with the fact that many venom-derived peptides are potent inhibitors of KV1.3, suggests that venoms are likely to continue to serve as a rich source of new pharmacological tools and therapeutic leads targeting this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Tajti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorothy C C Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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17
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Ong ST, Bajaj S, Tanner MR, Chang SC, Krishnarjuna B, Ng XR, Morales RAV, Chen MW, Luo D, Patel D, Yasmin S, Ng JJH, Zhuang Z, Nguyen HM, El Sahili A, Lescar J, Patil R, Charman SA, Robins EG, Goggi JL, Tan PW, Sadasivam P, Ramasamy B, Hartimath SV, Dhawan V, Bednenko J, Colussi P, Wulff H, Pennington MW, Kuyucak S, Norton RS, Beeton C, Chandy KG. Modulation of Lymphocyte Potassium Channel K V1.3 by Membrane-Penetrating, Joint-Targeting Immunomodulatory Plant Defensin. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:720-736. [PMID: 32832873 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a cysteine-rich, membrane-penetrating, joint-targeting, and remarkably stable peptide, EgK5, that modulates voltage-gated KV1.3 potassium channels in T lymphocytes by a distinctive mechanism. EgK5 enters plasma membranes and binds to KV1.3, causing current run-down by a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent mechanism. EgK5 exhibits selectivity for KV1.3 over other channels, receptors, transporters, and enzymes. EgK5 suppresses antigen-triggered proliferation of effector memory T cells, a subset enriched among pathogenic autoreactive T cells in autoimmune disease. PET-CT imaging with 18F-labeled EgK5 shows accumulation of the peptide in large and small joints of rodents. In keeping with its arthrotropism, EgK5 treats disease in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. It was also effective in treating disease in a rat model of atopic dermatitis. No signs of toxicity are observed at 10-100 times the in vivo dose. EgK5 shows promise for clinical development as a therapeutic for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seow Theng Ong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Saumya Bajaj
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shih Chieh Chang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Bankala Krishnarjuna
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Xuan Rui Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Rodrigo A V Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Dharmeshkumar Patel
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jeremy Jun Heng Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Zhong Zhuang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Hai M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Abbas El Sahili
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine building, Singapore 636921
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine building, Singapore 636921
| | - Rahul Patil
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Edward G Robins
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), Singapore 138667.,Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre (CIRC), Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore 117599
| | - Julian L Goggi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), Singapore 138667
| | - Peng Wen Tan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), Singapore 138667
| | - Pragalath Sadasivam
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), Singapore 138667
| | - Boominathan Ramasamy
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), Singapore 138667
| | - Siddana V Hartimath
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), Singapore 138667
| | - Vikas Dhawan
- Peptides International, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky 40269, United States.,AmbioPharm Inc., North Augusta, South Carolina 29842, United States
| | - Janna Bednenko
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington, Massachusetts 02474, United States
| | - Paul Colussi
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington, Massachusetts 02474, United States
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael W Pennington
- Peptides International, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky 40269, United States.,AmbioPharm Inc., North Augusta, South Carolina 29842, United States
| | - Serdar Kuyucak
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - K George Chandy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
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18
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Moriguchi K, Miyamoto K, Fukumoto Y, Kusunoki S. 4-Aminopyridine ameliorates relapsing remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 323:131-135. [PMID: 30139717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a non-specific potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (chEAE) and relapsing remitting EAE (rrEAE) in mice. 4-AP did not affect chEAE, but ameliorated rrEAE, particularly in the relapsing phase. Disease amelioration was confirmed pathologically, and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was observed to be downregulated in 4-AP-treated mice. In the recall response, a T-cell proliferative response was not inhibited; however, Th1/Th17 polarization was attenuated. 4-AP is currently accepted as an anti-symptomatic drug only in the chronic phase of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, its use in the active phase of MS should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Moriguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self Defense Forces Hanshin Hospital, Kawanishi, Japan; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Katsuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
| | - Yuta Fukumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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19
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Veytia-Bucheli JI, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Melchy-Pérez EI, Sandoval-Hernández MA, Possani LD, Rosenstein Y. K v1.3 channel blockade with the Vm24 scorpion toxin attenuates the CD4 + effector memory T cell response to TCR stimulation. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:45. [PMID: 30107837 PMCID: PMC6092819 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In T cells, the Kv1.3 and the KCa3.1 potassium channels regulate the membrane potential and calcium homeostasis. Notably, during TEM cell activation, the number of Kv1.3 channels on the cell membrane dramatically increases. Kv1.3 blockade results in inhibition of Ca2+ signaling in TEM cells, thus eliciting an immunomodulatory effect. Among the naturally occurring peptides, the Vm24 toxin from the Mexican scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus is the most potent and selective Kv1.3 channel blocker known, which makes it a promissory candidate for its use in the clinic. We have shown that addition of Vm24 to TCR-activated human T cells inhibits CD25 expression, cell proliferation and reduces delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in a chronic inflammation model. Here, we used the Vm24 toxin as a tool to investigate the molecular events that follow Kv1.3 blockade specifically on human CD4+ TEM cells as they are actively involved in inflammation and are key mediators of autoimmune diseases. METHODS We combined cell viability, activation, and multiplex cytokine assays with a proteomic analysis to identify the biological processes affected by Kv1.3 blockade on healthy donors CD4+ TEM cells, following TCR activation in the presence or absence of the Vm24 toxin. RESULTS The peptide completely blocked Kv1.3 channels currents without impairing TEM cell viability, and in response to TCR stimulation, it inhibited the expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD40L (but not that of CD69), as well as the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13. These results, in combination with data from the proteomic analysis, indicate that the biological processes most affected by the blockade of Kv1.3 channels in a T cell activation context were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, mRNA processing via spliceosome, response to unfolded proteins and intracellular vesicle transport, targeting the cell protein synthesis machinery. CONCLUSIONS The Vm24 toxin, a highly specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels allowed us to define downstream functions of the Kv1.3 channels in human CD4+ TEM lymphocytes. Blocking Kv1.3 channels profoundly affects the mRNA synthesis machinery, the unfolded protein response and the intracellular vesicle transport, impairing the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in response to TCR engagement, underscoring the role of Kv1.3 channels in regulating TEM lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Erika Isabel Melchy-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Monserrat Alba Sandoval-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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20
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Eichinger P, Herrmann AM, Ruck T, Herty M, Gola L, Kovac S, Budde T, Meuth SG, Hundehege P. Human T cells in silico: Modelling dynamic intracellular calcium and its influence on cellular electrophysiology. J Immunol Methods 2018; 461:78-84. [PMID: 30158076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A network of ion currents influences basic cellular T cell functions. After T cell receptor activation, changes in highly regulated calcium levels play a central role in triggering effector functions and cell differentiation. A dysregulation of these processes might be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. We present a mathematical model based on the NEURON simulation environment that computes dynamic calcium levels in combination with the current output of diverse ion channels (KV1.3, KCa3.1, K2P channels (TASK1-3, TRESK), VRAC, TRPM7, CRAC). In line with experimental data, the simulation shows a strong increase in intracellular calcium after T cell receptor stimulation before reaching a new, elevated calcium plateau in the T cell's activated state. Deactivation of single ion channel modules, mimicking the application of channel blockers, reveals that two types of potassium channels are the main regulators of intracellular calcium level: calcium-dependent potassium (KCa3.1) and two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eichinger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander M Herrmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Herty
- RWTH Aachen University, Mathematics (Continuous optimization), Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Hundehege
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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21
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Yuan XL, Zhao YP, Huang J, Liu JC, Mao WQ, Yin J, Peng BW, Liu WH, Han S, He XH. A Kv1.3 channel-specific blocker alleviates neurological impairment through inhibiting T-cell activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:967-977. [PMID: 29577640 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder characterized by mistaken attacks of inflammatory cells against the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in demyelination and axonal damage. Kv1.3 channel blockers can inhibit T-cell activation and have been designed for MS therapy. However, little is known about the effects of Kv1.3 blockers on protecting myelin sheaths/axons in MS. This study aimed at investigating the neuroprotection efficacy of a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker ImKTx88 (ImK) in MS animal model. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model was established. The neuroprotective effect of ImK was assessed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the antiinflammatory effect of ImK by suppressing T-cell activation was assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA in vitro. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that ImK administration ameliorated EAE clinical severity. Moreover, ImK increased oligodendrocytes survival, preserved axons, and myelin integrity and reduced the infiltration of activated T cells into the CNS. This protective effect of the peptide may be related to its suppression of autoantigen-specific T-cell activation via calcium influx inhibition. CONCLUSION ImK prevents neurological damage by suppressing T-cell activation, suggesting the applicability of this peptide in MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Peng Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Chen Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Qian Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Bozic I, Tesovic K, Laketa D, Adzic M, Jakovljevic M, Bjelobaba I, Savic D, Nedeljkovic N, Pekovic S, Lavrnja I. Voltage Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.3 Is Upregulated on Activated Astrocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1020-1034. [PMID: 29574670 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kv1.3 is a voltage gated potassium channel that has been implicated in pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study we investigated temporal and cellular expression pattern of this channel in the lumbar part of spinal cords of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), animal model of MS. EAE was actively induced in female Dark Agouti rats. Expression of Kv1.3 was analyzed at different time points of disease progression, at the onset, peak and end of EAE. We here show that Kv1.3 increased by several folds at the peak of EAE at both gene and protein level. Double immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated localization of Kv1.3 on activated microglia, macrophages, and reactive astrocytes around inflammatory lesions. In vitro experiments showed that pharmacological block of Kv1.3 in activated astrocytes suppresses the expression of proinflammatory mediators, suggesting a role of this channel in inflammation. Our results support the hypothesis that Kv1.3 may be a therapeutic target of interest for MS and add astrocytes to the list of cells whose activation would be suppressed by inhibiting Kv1.3 in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Tesovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Laketa
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jakovljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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de Souza JM, Goncalves BDC, Gomez MV, Vieira LB, Ribeiro FM. Animal Toxins as Therapeutic Tools to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527170 PMCID: PMC5829052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide. So far, no disease-modifying drug is available to treat patients, making the search for effective drugs an urgent need. Neurodegeneration is triggered by the activation of several cellular processes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, aging, aggregate formation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. Therefore, many research groups aim to identify drugs that may inhibit one or more of these events leading to neuronal cell death. Venoms are fruitful natural sources of new molecules, which have been relentlessly enhanced by evolution through natural selection. Several studies indicate that venom components can exhibit selectivity and affinity for a wide variety of targets in mammalian systems. For instance, an expressive number of natural peptides identified in venoms from animals, such as snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, were shown to lessen inflammation, regulate glutamate release, modify neurotransmitter levels, block ion channel activation, decrease the number of protein aggregates, and increase the levels of neuroprotective factors. Thus, these venom components hold potential as therapeutic tools to slow or even halt neurodegeneration. However, there are many technological issues to overcome, as venom peptides are hard to obtain and characterize and the amount obtained from natural sources is insufficient to perform all the necessary experiments and tests. Fortunately, technological improvements regarding heterologous protein expression, as well as peptide chemical synthesis will help to provide enough quantities and allow chemical and pharmacological enhancements of these natural occurring compounds. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight the most promising studies evaluating animal toxins as therapeutic tools to treat a wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno D C Goncalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Gomez
- Department of Neurotransmitters, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciene B Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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The influence and impact of ageing and immunosenescence (ISC) on adaptive immunity during multiple sclerosis (MS) and the animal counterpart experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:64-81. [PMID: 29101043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ageing process encompasses mechanisms that effect a decline in homeostasis with increased susceptibility to disease and the development of chronic life-threatening illness. Increasing age affects the immune system which undergoes a progressive loss of efficiency, termed immunosenescence (ISC), to impact on quantitative and functional aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. The human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and the corresponding animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are strongly governed by immunological events that primarily involve the adaptive arm of the immune response. MS and EAE are frequently characterised by a chronic pathology and a protracted disease course which thereby creates the potential for exposure to the inherent, on-going effects and consequences of ISC. Collective evidence is presented to confirm the occurrence of established and unendorsed biological markers of ISC during the development of both diseases. Moreover, results are discussed from studies during the course of MS and EAE that reveal a premature upregulation of ISC-related biomarkers which indicates untimely alterations to the adaptive immune system. The effects of ISC and a prematurely aged immune system on autoimmune-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as MS and EAE are largely unknown but current evaluation of data justifies and encourages further investigation.
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25
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Tanner MR, Beeton C. Differences in ion channel phenotype and function between humans and animal models. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2018; 23:43-64. [PMID: 28930537 PMCID: PMC5626566 DOI: 10.2741/4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels play crucial roles in regulating a broad range of physiological processes. They form a very large family of transmembrane proteins. Their diversity results from not only a large number of different genes encoding for ion channel subunits but also the ability of subunits to assemble into homo- or heteromultimers, the existence of splice variants, and the expression of different regulatory subunits. These characteristics and the existence of very selective modulators make ion channels very attractive targets for therapy in a wide variety of pathologies. Some ion channels are already being targeted in the clinic while many more are being evaluated as novel drug targets in both clinical and preclinical studies. Advancing ion channel modulators from the bench to the clinic requires their assessment for safety and efficacy in animal models. While extrapolating results from one species to another is tempting, doing such without careful evaluation of the ion channels in different species presents a risk as the translation is not always straightforward. Here, we discuss differences between species in terms of ion channels expressed in selected tissues, differing roles of ion channels in some cell types, variable response to pharmacological agents, and human channelopathies that cannot fully be replicated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, and Center for Drug Discovery and Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030,
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26
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Venom-derived peptide inhibitors of voltage-gated potassium channels. Neuropharmacology 2017; 127:124-138. [PMID: 28689025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channels play a key role in human physiology and pathology. Reflecting their importance, numerous channelopathies have been characterised that arise from mutations in these channels or from autoimmune attack on the channels. Voltage-gated potassium channels are also the target of a broad range of peptide toxins from venomous organisms, including sea anemones, scorpions, spiders, snakes and cone snails; many of these peptides bind to the channels with high potency and selectivity. In this review we describe the various classes of peptide toxins that block these channels and illustrate the broad range of three-dimensional structures that support channel blockade. The therapeutic opportunities afforded by these peptides are also highlighted. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
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27
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Tanner MR, Tajhya RB, Huq R, Gehrmann EJ, Rodarte KE, Atik MA, Norton RS, Pennington MW, Beeton C. Prolonged immunomodulation in inflammatory arthritis using the selective Kv1.3 channel blocker HsTX1[R14A] and its PEGylated analog. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:45-57. [PMID: 28389388 PMCID: PMC5484050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effector memory T lymphocytes (TEM cells) that lack expression of CCR7 are major drivers of inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The Kv1.3 potassium channel is a key regulator of CCR7- TEM cell activation. Blocking Kv1.3 inhibits TEM cell activation and attenuates inflammation in autoimmunity, and as such, Kv1.3 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The scorpion venom-derived peptide HsTX1 and its analog HsTX1[R14A] are potent Kv1.3 blockers and HsTX1[R14A] is selective for Kv1.3 over closely-related Kv1 channels. PEGylation of HsTX1[R14A] to create a Kv1.3 blocker with a long circulating half-life reduced its affinity but not its selectivity for Kv1.3, dramatically reduced its adsorption to inert surfaces, and enhanced its circulating half-life in rats. PEG-HsTX1[R14A] is equipotent to HsTX1[R14A] in preferential inhibition of human and rat CCR7- TEM cell proliferation, leaving CCR7+ naïve and central memory T cells able to proliferate. It reduced inflammation in an active delayed-type hypersensitivity model and in the pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Importantly, a single subcutaneous dose of PEG-HsTX1[R14A] reduced inflammation in PIA for a longer period of time than the non-PEGylated HsTX1[R14A]. Together, these data indicate that HsTX1[R14A] and PEG-HsTX1[R14A] are effective in a model of RA and are therefore potential therapeutics for TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. PEG-HsTX1[R14A] has the additional advantages of reduced non-specific adsorption to inert surfaces and enhanced circulating half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Gehrmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathia E Rodarte
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mustafa A Atik
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Chandy KG, Norton RS. Peptide blockers of K v 1.3 channels in T cells as therapeutics for autoimmune disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 38:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Kubota T, Correa AM, Bezanilla F. Mechanism of functional interaction between potassium channel Kv1.3 and sodium channel NavBeta1 subunit. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45310. [PMID: 28349975 PMCID: PMC5368567 DOI: 10.1038/srep45310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily A member 3 (Kv1.3) dominantly expresses on T cells and neurons. Recently, the interaction between Kv1.3 and NavBeta1 subunits has been explored through ionic current measurements, but the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. We explored the functional interaction between Kv1.3 and NavBeta1 through gating current measurements using the Cut-open Oocyte Voltage Clamp (COVC) technique. We showed that the N-terminal 1–52 sequence of hKv1.3 disrupts the channel expression on the Xenopus oocyte membrane, suggesting a potential role as regulator of hKv1.3 expression in neurons and lymphocytes. Our gating currents measurements showed that NavBeta1 interacts with the voltage sensing domain (VSD) of Kv1.3 through W172 in the transmembrane segment and modifies the gating operation. The comparison between G-V and Q-V with/without NavBeta1 indicates that NavBeta1 may strengthen the coupling between hKv1.3-VSD movement and pore opening, inducing the modification of kinetics in ionic activation and deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ana M Correa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Chiang EY, Li T, Jeet S, Peng I, Zhang J, Lee WP, DeVoss J, Caplazi P, Chen J, Warming S, Hackos DH, Mukund S, Koth CM, Grogan JL. Potassium channels Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 cooperatively and compensatorily regulate antigen-specific memory T cell functions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14644. [PMID: 28248292 PMCID: PMC5337993 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Kv1.3 and Ca2+-dependent KCa3.1 are the most prevalent K+ channels expressed by human and rat T cells. Despite the preferential upregulation of Kv1.3 over KCa3.1 on autoantigen-experienced effector memory T cells, whether Kv1.3 is required for their induction and function is unclear. Here we show, using Kv1.3-deficient rats, that Kv1.3 is involved in the development of chronically activated antigen-specific T cells. Several immune responses are normal in Kv1.3 knockout (KO) rats, suggesting that KCa3.1 can compensate for the absence of Kv1.3 under these specific settings. However, experiments with Kv1.3 KO rats and Kv1.3 siRNA knockdown or channel-specific inhibition of human T cells show that maximal T-cell responses against autoantigen or repeated tetanus toxoid stimulations require both Kv1.3 and KCa3.1. Finally, our data also suggest that T-cell dependency on Kv1.3 or KCa3.1 might be irreversibly modulated by antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Chiang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Tianbo Li
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - David H Hackos
- Department of Neurobiology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Susmith Mukund
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Koth
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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31
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Fung-Leung WP, Edwards W, Liu Y, Ngo K, Angsana J, Castro G, Wu N, Liu X, Swanson RV, Wickenden AD. T Cell Subset and Stimulation Strength-Dependent Modulation of T Cell Activation by Kv1.3 Blockers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170102. [PMID: 28107393 PMCID: PMC5249144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium channel expressed on T cells that plays an important role in T cell activation. Previous studies have shown that blocking Kv1.3 channels in human T cells during activation results in reduced calcium entry, cytokine production, and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to further explore the effects of Kv1.3 blockers on the response of different human T cell subsets under various stimulation conditions. Our studies show that, unlike the immune suppressor cyclosporine A, the inhibitory effect of Kv1.3 blockers was partial and stimulation strength dependent, with reduced inhibitory efficacy on T cells under strengthened anti-CD3/CD28 stimulations. T cell responses to allergens including house dust mites and ragweed were partially reduced by Kv1.3 blockers. The effect of Kv1.3 inhibition was dependent on T cell subsets, with stronger effects on CCR7- effector memory compared to CCR7+ central memory CD4 T cells. Calcium entry studies also revealed a population of CD4 T cells resistant to Kv1.3 blockade. Activation of CD4 T cells was accompanied with an increase in Kv1.3 currents but Kv1.3 transcripts were found to be reduced, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism in the regulation of Kv1.3 activities. In summary, Kv1.3 blockers inhibit T cell activation in a manner that is highly dependent on the T cell identity and stimulation strength, These findings suggest that Kv1.3 blockers inhibit T cells in a unique, conditional manner, further refining our understanding of the therapeutic potential of Kv1.3 blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ping Fung-Leung
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilson Edwards
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yi Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Ngo
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Julianty Angsana
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Glenda Castro
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nancy Wu
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald V. Swanson
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Wickenden
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America
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32
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Cong B, Chai Y, Wang B, Liu S, Shen J, Wang N, Zhang Q, Huang X. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of four teleostean K + channels in macrophages of sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicas). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:426-435. [PMID: 27744058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ion channels are one of the most diversely and widely distributed channels, which are involved in all kinds of physiological functions in both excitable and non-excitable cells. The expression of voltage-gated potassium ion (Kv) channels is highly variable according to the state of macrophages activation. Macrophages have an important function in innate immunity against intruding pathogens. They produce a variety of inflammatory and immunoactive molecules that modulate imflammatory responses. Here we show that blockade of K+ channels by non-selective Kv channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) inhibited proinflammatory cytokines expression, cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages of Sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicas). Then we isolated four Kv channels genes (spKv1.1, spKv1.2, spKv1.5 and spKv3.1) in LPS-activated fish macrophages. These channels genes were up-regulated after LPS stimulation except spKv3.1, which remained unchanged during the test. The results of this study indicate that Kv channels could be required for modulating the immune function of fish macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Fish Proteins/chemistry
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Perciformes/genetics
- Perciformes/immunology
- Perciformes/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/chemistry
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/genetics
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Sequence Alignment/veterinary
- Tetraethylammonium/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Cong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China; The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Chai
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China.
| | - Shenghao Liu
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Shen
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China
| | - Nengfei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China; The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohang Huang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China
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Valverde P, Kawai T, Taubman MA. Potassium Channel-blockers as Therapeutic Agents to Interfere with Bone Resorption of Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2016; 84:488-99. [PMID: 15914584 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lesions of periodontal disease contain all the cellular components, including abundant activated/memory T- and B-cells, necessary to control immunological interactive networks and to accelerate bone resorption by RANKL-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Blockade of RANKL function has been shown to ameliorate periodontal bone resorption and other osteopenic disorders without affecting inflammation. Development of therapies aimed at decreasing the expression of RANKL and pro-inflammatory cytokines by T-cells constitutes a promising strategy to ameliorate not only bone resorption, but also inflammation. Several reports have demonstrated that the potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa1, through the use of selective blockers, play important roles in T-cell-mediated events, including T-cell proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More recently, a potassium channel-blocker for Kv1.3 has been shown to down-regulate bone resorption by decreasing the ratio of RANKL-to-OPG expression by memory-activated T-cells. In this article, we first summarize the mechanisms by which chronically activated/memory T-cells, in concert with B-cells and macrophages, trigger inflammatory bone resorption. Then, we describe the main structural and functional characteristics of potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa1 in some of the cells implicated in periodontal disease progression. Finally, this review elucidates some recent advances in the use of potassium channel-blockers of Kv1.3 and IKCa1 to ameliorate the clinical signs or side-effects of several immunological disorders and to decrease inflammatory bone resorption in periodontal disease. ABBREVIATIONS: AICD, activation-induced cell death; APC, antigen-presenting cells; B(K), large conductance; CRAC, calcium release-activated calcium channels; DC, dendritic cell; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IP3, inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate; (K)ir, inward rectifier; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; I(K), intermediate conductance; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; L, ligand; MCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; TCM, central memory T-cells; TEM, effector memory T-cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin; Omp29, 29-kDa outer membrane protein; PKC, protein kinase C; PLC, phospholipase C; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction; S(K), small conductance; TCR, T-cell receptor; and (K)v, voltage-gated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valverde
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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34
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Huq R, Samuel ELG, Sikkema WKA, Nilewski LG, Lee T, Tanner MR, Khan FS, Porter PC, Tajhya RB, Patel RS, Inoue T, Pautler RG, Corry DB, Tour JM, Beeton C. Preferential uptake of antioxidant carbon nanoparticles by T lymphocytes for immunomodulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33808. [PMID: 27654170 PMCID: PMC5031970 DOI: 10.1038/srep33808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases mediated by a type of white blood cell-T lymphocytes-are currently treated using mainly broad-spectrum immunosuppressants that can lead to adverse side effects. Antioxidants represent an alternative approach for therapy of autoimmune disorders; however, dietary antioxidants are insufficient to play this role. Antioxidant carbon nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) with higher efficacy than dietary and endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, the affinity of carbon nanoparticles for specific cell types represents an emerging tactic for cell-targeted therapy. Here, we report that nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), known scavengers of the ROS superoxide (O2•-) and hydroxyl radical, are preferentially internalized by T lymphocytes over other splenic immune cells. We use this selectivity to inhibit T cell activation without affecting major functions of macrophages, antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for T cell activation. We also demonstrate the in vivo effectiveness of PEG-HCCs in reducing T lymphocyte-mediated inflammation in delayed-type hypersensitivity and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Our results suggest the preferential targeting of PEG-HCCs to T lymphocytes as a novel approach for T lymphocyte immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases without affecting other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Fatima S. Khan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Paul C. Porter
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rajeev B. Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rutvik S. Patel
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Taeko Inoue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robia G. Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David B. Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- The NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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35
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Chachi L, Gavrila A, Tliba O, Amrani Y. Abnormal corticosteroid signalling in airway smooth muscle: mechanisms and perspectives for the treatment of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1637-46. [PMID: 26017278 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing in vivo evidence supports the concept that airway smooth muscle produces various immunomodulatory factors that could contribute to asthma pathogenesis via the regulation of airway inflammation, airway narrowing and remodelling. Targeting ASM using bronchial thermoplasty has provided undeniable clinical benefits for patients with uncontrolled severe asthma who are refractory to glucocorticoid therapy. The present review will explain why the failure of glucocorticoids to adequately manage patients with severe asthma could derive from their inability to affect the immunomodulatory potential of ASM. We will support the view that ASM sensitivity to glucocorticoid therapy can be blunted in severe asthma and will describe some of the factors and mechanisms that could be responsible for glucocorticoid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chachi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A Gavrila
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - O Tliba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Amrani
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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36
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Petho Z, Balajthy A, Bartok A, Bene K, Somodi S, Szilagyi O, Rajnavolgyi E, Panyi G, Varga Z. The anti-proliferative effect of cation channel blockers in T lymphocytes depends on the strength of mitogenic stimulation. Immunol Lett 2016; 171:60-9. [PMID: 26861999 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are crucially important for the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, and thus, for the function of the immune system. Previous studies on the effects of channel blockers on T cell proliferation reported variable effectiveness due to differing experimental systems. Therefore our aim was to investigate how the strength of the mitogenic stimulation influences the efficiency of cation channel blockers in inhibiting activation, cytokine secretion and proliferation of T cells under standardized conditions. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated via monoclonal antibodies targeting the TCR-CD3 complex and the co-stimulator CD28. We applied the blockers of Kv1.3 (Anuroctoxin), KCa3.1 (TRAM-34) and CRAC (2-Apb) channels of T cells either alone or in combination with rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Five days after the stimulation ELISA and flow cytometric measurements were performed to determine IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion, cellular viability and proliferation. Our results showed that ion channel blockers and rapamycin inhibit IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and cell division in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous application of the blockers for each channel along with rapamycin was the most effective, indicating synergy among the various activation pathways. Upon increasing the extent of mitogenic stimulation the anti-proliferative effect of the ion channel blockers diminished. This phenomenon may be important in understanding the fine-tuning of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Petho
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Balajthy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Bartok
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Somodi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szilagyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE-NAP B Ion Channel Structure-Function Research Group, RCMM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Hungary
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37
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Pérez-Verdaguer M, Capera J, Serrano-Novillo C, Estadella I, Sastre D, Felipe A. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a promising multitherapeutic target against human pathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:577-91. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Normal human CD4(+) helper T cells express Kv1.1 voltage-gated K(+) channels, and selective Kv1.1 block in T cells induces by itself robust TNFα production and secretion and activation of the NFκB non-canonical pathway. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:137-57. [PMID: 26611796 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
TNFα is a very potent and pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, essential to the immune system for eradicating cancer and microorganisms, and to the nervous system, for brain development and ongoing function. Yet, excess and/or chronic TNFα secretion causes massive tissue damage in autoimmune, inflammatory and neurological diseases and injuries. Therefore, many patients with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases receive anti-TNFα medications. TNFα is secreted primarily by CD4(+) T cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, mainly after immune stimulation. Yet, the cause for the pathologically high and chronic TNFα secretion is unknown. Can blocking of a particular ion channel in T cells induce by itself TNFα secretion? Such phenomenon was never revealed or even hypothesized. In this interdisciplinary study we discovered that: (1) normal human T cells express Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel mRNA, and the Kv1.1 membrane-anchored protein channel; (2) Kv1.1 is expressed in most CD4(+)CD3(+) helper T cells (mean CD4(+)CD3(+)Kv1.1(+) T cells of 7 healthy subjects: 53.09 ± 22.17 %), but not in CD8(+)CD3(+) cytotoxic T cells (mean CD8(+)CD3(+)Kv1.1(+) T cells: 4.12 ± 3.04 %); (3) electrophysiological whole-cell recordings in normal human T cells revealed Kv currents; (4) Dendrotoxin-K (DTX-K), a highly selective Kv1.1 blocker derived from snake toxin, increases the rate of rise and decay of Kv currents in both resting and activated T cells, without affecting the peak current; (5) DTX-K by itself induces robust TNFα production and secretion by normal human T cells, without elevating IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-10; (6) intact Ca(2+) channels are required for DTX-induced TNFα secretion; (7) selective anti-Kv1.1 antibodies also induce by themselves TNFα secretion; (8) DTX-K activates NFκB in normal human T cells via the unique non-canonical-pathway; (9) injection of Kv1.1-blocked human T cells to SCID mice, causes recruitment of resident mouse cells into the liver, alike reported after TNFα injection into the brain. Based on our discoveries we speculate that abnormally blocked Kv1.1 in T cells (and other immune cells?), due to either anti-Kv1.1 autoimmune antibodies, or Kv1.1-blocking toxins alike DTX-K, or Kv1.1-blocking genetic mutations, may be responsible for the chronic/excessive TNFα in autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Independently, we also hypothesize that selective block of Kv1.1 in CD4(+) T cells of patients with cancer or chronic infectious diseases could be therapeutic, since it may: a. augment beneficial secretion and delivery of TNFα to the disease-affected sites; b. induce recruitment and extravasation of curative immune cells and factors; c. improve accessibility of drugs to the brain and few peripheral organs thanks to TNFα-induced increased permeability of organ's barriers.
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Murray JK, Qian YX, Liu B, Elliott R, Aral J, Park C, Zhang X, Stenkilsson M, Salyers K, Rose M, Li H, Yu S, Andrews KL, Colombero A, Werner J, Gaida K, Sickmier EA, Miu P, Itano A, McGivern J, Gegg CV, Sullivan JK, Miranda LP. Pharmaceutical Optimization of Peptide Toxins for Ion Channel Targets: Potent, Selective, and Long-Lived Antagonists of Kv1.3. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6784-802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristin L. Andrews
- Therapeutic
Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Molecular dynamics of Kv1.3 ion channel and structural basis of its inhibition by scorpion toxin-OSK1 derivatives. Biophys Chem 2015; 203-204:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kazama I, Tamada T, Tachi M. Usefulness of targeting lymphocyte Kv1.3-channels in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Inflamm Res 2015. [PMID: 26206235 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes predominantly express delayed rectifier K(+)-channels (Kv1.3) in their plasma membranes. Patch-clamp studies revealed that the channels play crucial roles in facilitating the calcium influx necessary to trigger lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Using selective channel inhibitors in experimental animal models, in vivo studies further revealed the clinically relevant relationship between the channel expression and the development of chronic respiratory diseases, in which chronic inflammation or the overstimulation of cellular immunity in the airways is responsible for the pathogenesis. In chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diffuse panbronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis, in addition to the supportive management for the symptoms, the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolide antibiotics were shown to be effective against the over-activation or proliferation of T lymphocytes. Recently, we provided physiological and pharmacological evidence that macrolide antibiotics, together with calcium channel blockers, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, effectively suppress the Kv1.3-channel currents in lymphocytes, and thus exert anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects. In this review article, based on the findings obtained from recent in vivo and in vitro studies, we address the novel therapeutic implications of targeting the lymphocyte Kv1.3-channels for the treatment of chronic or acute respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuro Kazama
- Department of Physiology I, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Pennington MW, Chang SC, Chauhan S, Huq R, Tajhya RB, Chhabra S, Norton RS, Beeton C. Development of highly selective Kv1.3-blocking peptides based on the sea anemone peptide ShK. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:529-42. [PMID: 25603346 PMCID: PMC4306950 DOI: 10.3390/md13010529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ShK, from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, is a 35-residue disulfide-rich peptide that blocks the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 at ca. 10 pM and the related channel Kv1.1 at ca. 16 pM. We developed an analog of this peptide, ShK-186, which is currently in Phase 1b-2a clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. While ShK-186 displays a >100-fold improvement in selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1 compared with ShK, there is considerable interest in developing peptides with an even greater selectivity ratio. In this report, we describe several variants of ShK that incorporate p-phophono-phenylalanine at the N-terminus coupled with internal substitutions at Gln16 and Met21. In addition, we also explored the combinatorial effects of these internal substitutions with an alanine extension at the C-terminus. Their selectivity was determined by patch-clamp electrophysiology on Kv1.3 and Kv1.1 channels stably expressed in mouse fibroblasts. The peptides with an alanine extension blocked Kv1.3 at low pM concentrations and exhibited up to 2250-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1. Analogs that incorporates p-phosphono-phenylalanine at the N-terminus blocked Kv1.3 with IC50s in the low pM range and did not affect Kv1.1 at concentrations up to 100 nM, displaying a selectivity enhancement of >10,000-fold for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1. Other potentially important Kv channels such as Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 were only partially blocked at 100 nM concentrations of each of the ShK analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih Chieh Chang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Satendra Chauhan
- Peptides International Inc., 11621 Electron Drive, Louisville, KY 40065, USA.
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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43
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Ortiz E, Gurrola GB, Schwartz EF, Possani LD. Scorpion venom components as potential candidates for drug development. Toxicon 2015; 93:125-35. [PMID: 25432067 PMCID: PMC7130864 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Scorpions are well known for their dangerous stings that can result in severe consequences for human beings, including death. Neurotoxins present in their venoms are responsible for their toxicity. Due to their medical relevance, toxins have been the driving force in the scorpion natural compounds research field. On the other hand, for thousands of years, scorpions and their venoms have been applied in traditional medicine, mainly in Asia and Africa. With the remarkable growth in the number of characterized scorpion venom components, several drug candidates have been found with the potential to tackle many of the emerging global medical threats. Scorpions have become a valuable source of biologically active molecules, from novel antibiotics to potential anticancer therapeutics. Other venom components have drawn attention as useful scaffolds for the development of drugs. This review summarizes the most promising candidates for drug development that have been isolated from scorpion venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Georgina B Gurrola
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
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Abstract
Ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions across hydrophobic lipid membranes. In immune cells, divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc have important roles as second messengers to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. By contrast, monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium mainly regulate the membrane potential, which indirectly controls the influx of calcium and immune cell signaling. Studies investigating human patients with mutations in ion channels and transporters, analysis of gene-targeted mice, or pharmacological experiments with ion channel inhibitors have revealed important roles of ionic signals in lymphocyte development and in innate and adaptive immune responses. We here review the mechanisms underlying the function of ion channels and transporters in lymphocytes and innate immune cells and discuss their roles in lymphocyte development, adaptive and innate immune responses, and autoimmunity, as well as recent efforts to develop pharmacological inhibitors of ion channels for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Edward Y. Skolnik
- Division of Nephrology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Schmitz K, Barthelmes J, Stolz L, Beyer S, Diehl O, Tegeder I. "Disease modifying nutricals" for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 148:85-113. [PMID: 25435020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis has (re)-opened new interest in nutrition and natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of this neuroinflammatory disease. The dietary amount and type of fat, probiotics and biologicals, salmon proteoglycans, phytoestrogens and protease inhibitor of soy, sodium chloride and trace elements, and fat soluble vitamins including D, A and E were all considered as disease-modifying nutraceuticals. Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice suggest that poly-unsaturated fatty acids and their 'inflammation-resolving' metabolites and the gut microflora may reduce auto-aggressive immune cells and reduce progression or risk of relapse, and infection with whipworm eggs may positively change the gut-brain communication. Encouraged by the recent interest in multiple sclerosis-nutrition nature's pharmacy has been searched for novel compounds with anti-inflammatory, immune-modifying and antioxidative properties, the most interesting being the scorpion toxins that inhibit specific potassium channels of T cells and antioxidative compounds including the green tea flavonoid epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin and the mustard oil glycoside from e.g. broccoli and sulforaphane. They mostly also inhibit pro-inflammatory signaling through NF-κB or toll-like receptors and stabilize the blood brain barrier. Disease modifying functions may also complement analgesic and anti-spastic effects of cannabis, its constituents, and of 'endocannabinoid enhancing' drugs or nutricals like inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Nutricals will not solve multiple sclerosis therapeutic challenges but possibly support pharmacological interventions or unearth novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmitz
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Barthelmes
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leonie Stolz
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olaf Diehl
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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Edwards W, Fung-Leung WP, Huang C, Chi E, Wu N, Liu Y, Maher MP, Bonesteel R, Connor J, Fellows R, Garcia E, Lee J, Lu L, Ngo K, Scott B, Zhou H, Swanson RV, Wickenden AD. Targeting the ion channel Kv1.3 with scorpion venom peptides engineered for potency, selectivity, and half-life. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22704-22714. [PMID: 24939846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are an attractive class of drug targets, but progress in developing inhibitors for therapeutic use has been limited largely due to challenges in identifying subtype selective small molecules. Animal venoms provide an alternative source of ion channel modulators, and the venoms of several species, such as scorpions, spiders and snails, are known to be rich sources of ion channel modulating peptides. Importantly, these peptides often bind to hyper-variable extracellular loops, creating the potential for subtype selectivity rarely achieved with small molecules. We have engineered scorpion venom peptides and incorporated them in fusion proteins to generate highly potent and selective Kv1.3 inhibitors with long in vivo half-lives. Kv1.3 has been reported to play a role in human T cell activation, and therefore, these Kv1.3 inhibitor fusion proteins may have potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Our results support an emerging approach to generating subtype selective therapeutic ion channel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Edwards
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121.
| | | | - Chichi Huang
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ellen Chi
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Nancy Wu
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Yi Liu
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Michael P Maher
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | | | - Judith Connor
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ross Fellows
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Elena Garcia
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Jerry Lee
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Lu Lu
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Karen Ngo
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Brian Scott
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Hong Zhou
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ronald V Swanson
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Alan D Wickenden
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121
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Effects of voltage-gated K+ channel on cell proliferation in multiple myeloma. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:785140. [PMID: 24995361 PMCID: PMC4068034 DOI: 10.1155/2014/785140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To study the effects and underlying mechanisms of voltage-gated K+ channels on the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells. Methods. RPMI-8226 MM cell line was used for the experiments. Voltage-gated K+ currents and the resting potential were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RT-PCR detected Kv channel mRNA expression. Cell viability was analyzed with MTT assay. Cell counting system was employed to monitor cell proliferation. DNA contents and cell volume were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results. Currents recorded in RPMI-8226 cells were confirmed to be voltage-gated K+ channels. A high level of Kv1.3 mRNA was detected but no Kv3.1 mRNA was detected in RPMI-8226 cells. Voltage-gated K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (2 mM) depolarized the resting potential from −42 ± 1.7 mV to −31.8 ± 2.8 mV (P < 0.01). The results of MTT assay showed that there was no significant cytotoxicity to RPMI-8226 cells when the 4-AP concentration was lower than 4 mM. 4-AP arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Cells were synchronized at the G1/S boundary by treatment of aphidicolin and released from the blockage by replacing the medium with normal culture medium or with culture medium containing 2 mM 4-AP. 4-AP produced no significant inhibitory effect on cell cycle compared with control cells (P > 0.05). Conclusions. In RPMI-8226, voltage-gated K+ channels are involved in proliferation and cell cycle progression its influence on the resting potential and cell volume may be responsible for this process; the inhibitory effect of the voltage-gated K+ channel blocker on RPMI-8226 cell proliferation is a phase-specific event.
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48
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Sabogal-Arango A, Barreto GE, Ramírez-Sánchez D, González-Mendoza J, Barreto V, Morales L, González J. Computational Insights of the Interaction among Sea Anemones Neurotoxins and Kv1.3 Channel. Bioinform Biol Insights 2014; 8:73-81. [PMID: 24812496 PMCID: PMC3999815 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea anemone neurotoxins are peptides that interact with Na(+) and K(+) channels, resulting in specific alterations on their functions. Some of these neurotoxins (1ROO, 1BGK, 2K9E, 1BEI) are important for the treatment of about 80 autoimmune disorders because of their specificity for Kv1.3 channel. The aim of this study was to identify the common residues among these neurotoxins by computational methods, and establish whether there is a pattern useful for the future generation of a treatment for autoimmune diseases. Our results showed eight new key common residues between the studied neurotoxins interacting with a histidine ring and the selectivity filter of the receptor, thus showing a possible pattern of interaction. This knowledge may serve as an input for the design of more promising drugs for autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Sabogal-Arango
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - David Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan González-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Viviana Barreto
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ludis Morales
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Janneth González
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Koshy S, Huq R, Tanner MR, Atik MA, Porter PC, Khan FS, Pennington MW, Hanania NA, Corry DB, Beeton C. Blocking KV1.3 channels inhibits Th2 lymphocyte function and treats a rat model of asthma. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12623-32. [PMID: 24644290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Of the different lower airway-infiltrating immune cells that participate in asthma, T lymphocytes that produce Th2 cytokines play important roles in pathogenesis. These T cells are mainly fully differentiated CCR7(-) effector memory T (TEM) cells. Targeting TEM cells without affecting CCR7(+) naïve and central memory (TCM) cells has the potential of treating TEM-mediated diseases, such as asthma, without inducing generalized immunosuppression. The voltage-gated KV1.3 potassium channel is a target for preferential inhibition of TEM cells. Here, we investigated the effects of ShK-186, a selective KV1.3 channel blocker, for the treatment of asthma. A significant proportion of T lymphocytes in the lower airways of subjects with asthma expressed high levels of KV1.3 channels. ShK-186 inhibited the allergen-induced activation of peripheral blood T cells from those subjects. Immunization of F344 rats against ovalbumin followed by intranasal challenges with ovalbumin induced airway hyper-reactivity, which was reduced by the administration of ShK-186. ShK-186 also reduced total immune infiltrates in the bronchoalveolar lavage and number of infiltrating lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils assessed by differential counts. Rats with the ovalbumin-induced model of asthma had elevated levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 measured by ELISA in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. ShK-186 administration reduced levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and induced an increase in the production of IL-10. Finally, ShK-186 inhibited the proliferation of lung-infiltrating ovalbumin-specific T cells. Our results suggest that KV1.3 channels represent effective targets for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyny Koshy
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
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50
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Moreno C, Prieto P, Macías Á, Pimentel-Santillana M, de la Cruz A, Través PG, Boscá L, Valenzuela C. Modulation of voltage-dependent and inward rectifier potassium channels by 15-epi-lipoxin-A4 in activated murine macrophages: implications in innate immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:6136-46. [PMID: 24249731 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium channels modulate macrophage physiology. Blockade of voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) by specific antagonists decreases macrophage cytokine production and inhibits proliferation. In the presence of aspirin, acetylated cyclooxygenase-2 loses the activity required to synthesize PGs but maintains the oxygenase activity to produce 15R-HETE from arachidonate. This intermediate product is transformed via 5-LOX into epimeric lipoxins, termed 15-epi-lipoxins (15-epi-lipoxin A4 [e-LXA4]). Kv have been proposed as anti-inflammatory targets. Therefore, we studied the effects of e-LXA4 on signaling and on Kv and inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir) in mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Electrophysiological recordings were performed in these cells by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Treatment of BMDM with e-LXA4 inhibited LPS-dependent activation of NF-κB and IκB kinase β activity, protected against LPS activation-dependent apoptosis, and enhanced the accumulation of the Nrf-2 transcription factor. Moreover, treatment of LPS-stimulated BMDM with e-LXA4 resulted in a rapid decrease of Kv currents, compatible with attenuation of the inflammatory response. Long-term treatment of LPS-stimulated BMDM with e-LXA4 significantly reverted LPS effects on Kv and Kir currents. Under these conditions, e-LXA4 decreased the calcium influx versus that observed in LPS-stimulated BMDM. These effects were partially mediated via the lipoxin receptor (ALX), because they were significantly reverted by a selective ALX receptor antagonist. We provide evidence for a new mechanism by which e-LXA4 contributes to inflammation resolution, consisting of the reversion of LPS effects on Kv and Kir currents in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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