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Zhang J, Yang J, Li Q, Peng R, Fan S, Yi H, Lu Y, Peng Y, Yan H, Sun L, Lu J, Chen Z. T Cell Activating Thermostable Self-Assembly Nanoscaffold Tailored for Cellular Immunity Antigen Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303049. [PMID: 37395451 PMCID: PMC10502629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivery based on non-virus-like particle self-associating protein nanoscffolds, such as Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase (AaLS), is limited due to the immunotoxicity and/or premature clearance of antigen-scaffold complex resulted from triggering unregulated innate immune responses. Here, using rational immunoinformatics prediction and computational modeling, we screen the T epitope peptides from thermophilic nanoproteins with the same spatial structure as hyperthermophilic icosahedral AaLS, and reassemble them into a novel thermostable self-assembling nanoscaffold RPT that can specifically activate T cell-mediated immunity. Tumor model antigen ovalbumin T epitopes and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor-binding domain are loaded onto the scaffold surface through the SpyCather/SpyTag system to construct nanovaccines. Compared to AaLS, RPT -constructed nanovaccines elicit more potent cytotoxic T cell and CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1)-biased immune responses, and generate less anti-scaffold antibody. Moreover, RPT significantly upregulate the expression of transcription factors and cytokines related to the differentiation of type-1 conventional dendritic cells, promoting the cross-presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells and Th1 polarization of CD4+ T cells. RPT confers antigens with increased stability against heating, freeze-thawing, and lyophilization with almost no antigenicity loss. This novel nanoscaffold offers a simple, safe, and robust strategy for boosting T-cell immunity-dependent vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zhang
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Qianlin Li
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ruihao Peng
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Shoudong Fan
- Liaoning Technology Innovation Center of Nanomaterials for Antibiotics Reduction and ReplacementFengcheng118199China
| | - Huaimin Yi
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuying Lu
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuanli Peng
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Haozhen Yan
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat‐sen University in ShenzhenShenzhen518057China
- Hainan Key Novel Thinktank “Hainan Medical University ‘One Health’ Research Center”Haikou571199China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research and TrainingSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological ProductsGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases ControlSun Yat‐sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionMedical CollegeInner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028000China
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Menon I, Kang SM, Braz Gomes K, Uddin MN, D'Souza M. Laser-assisted intradermal delivery of a microparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus induces a robust immune response. Vaccine 2023; 41:1209-1222. [PMID: 36631361 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an infectious disease that poses a significant public health risk in young children. Vaccine studies conducted in the 1960s using an intramuscular injection of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (Fi-RSV) resulted in an enhanced respiratory disease and led to the failure of the vaccine. Thus, the virus-like particles (VLP) of the RSV fusion (F) protein was used as the vaccine antigen in this study. The F-VLP was encapsulated in a microparticle (MP) matrix composed of cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) to enhance the antigen presentation and uptake. Moreover, a painless vaccination method would be desirable for an infectious disease that mainly affects young children. Thus, an ablative laser device, Precise Laser Epidermal System (P.L.E.A.S.E), was utilized to create micropores on the skin for vaccine delivery. We observed enhanced antigen presentation of the vaccine microparticles (F-VLP MP) with and without the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) MP in dendritic cells. Consequently, Swiss Webster mice were immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine microparticles using the P.L.E.A.S.E laser to study the in vivo immunogenicity. The immunized mice had high serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgG2a) levels, indicating a Th1 response. Subsequent analysis of lung homogenates post- RSV challenge revealed high IgA, indicating generation of a mucosal immune response upon intradermal immunization. Flowcytometry analysis showed high CD8+, and CD4+ expression in the lymph node and spleen of the adjuvanted vaccine microparticle immunized mice. Increased expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the spleen cells further proved Th1 polarized immune response. Finally, an immune plaque assay indicated significantly low lung viral titer in the mice immunized with intradermal adjuvanted vaccine microparticles. Thus, ablative laser-assisted immunization with the F-VLP based adjuvanted vaccine microparticles could be a promising vaccine candidate for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Menon
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Sang Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Keegan Braz Gomes
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Davodabadi F, Sarhadi M, Arabpour J, Sargazi S, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Breast cancer vaccines: New insights into immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic approaches. J Control Release 2022; 349:844-875. [PMID: 35908621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is known to be a highly heterogeneous disease that is clinically subdivided into four primary molecular subtypes, each having distinct morphology and clinical implications. These subtypes are principally defined by hormone receptors and other proteins involved (or not involved) in BC development. BC therapeutic vaccines [including peptide-based vaccines, protein-based vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA/RNA vaccines), bacterial/viral-based vaccines, and different immune cell-based vaccines] have emerged as an appealing class of cancer immunotherapeutics when used alone or combined with other immunotherapies. Employing the immune system to eliminate BC cells is a novel therapeutic modality. The benefit of active immunotherapies is that they develop protection against neoplastic tissue and readjust the immune system to an anti-tumor monitoring state. Such immunovaccines have not yet shown effectiveness for BC treatment in clinical trials. In recent years, nanomedicines have opened new windows to increase the effectiveness of vaccinations to treat BC. In this context, some nanoplatforms have been designed to efficiently deliver molecular, cellular, or subcellular vaccines to BC cells, increasing the efficacy and persistence of anti-tumor immunity while minimizing undesirable side effects. Immunostimulatory nano-adjuvants, liposomal-based vaccines, polymeric vaccines, virus-like particles, lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles, chitosan-derived nanostructures, porous silicon microparticles, and selenium nanoparticles are among the newly designed nanostructures that have been used to facilitate antigen internalization and presentation by antigen-presenting cells, increase antigen stability, enhance vaccine antigenicity and remedial effectivity, promote antigen escape from the endosome, improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and produce humoral immune responses in BC cells. Here, we summarized the existing subtypes of BC and shed light on immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic strategies for BC vaccination. Finally, we reviewed ongoing clinical trials on BC vaccination and highlighted near-term opportunities for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Barreiro-Piñeiro N, Pose-Boirazian T, Martínez-Costas J, Marín-López A, Ortego J. Nanoparticle- and Microparticle-Based Vaccines against Orbiviruses of Veterinary Importance. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071124. [PMID: 35891288 PMCID: PMC9319458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) are widespread arboviruses that cause important economic losses in the livestock and equine industries, respectively. In addition to these, another arthropod-transmitted orbivirus known as epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) entails a major threat as there is a conducive landscape that nurtures its emergence in non-endemic countries. To date, only vaccinations with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines permit the control of these three viral diseases, although important drawbacks, e.g., low safety profile and effectiveness, and lack of DIVA (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) properties, constrain their usage as prophylactic measures. Moreover, a substantial number of serotypes of BTV, AHSV and EHDV have been described, with poor induction of cross-protective immune responses among serotypes. In the context of next-generation vaccine development, antigen delivery systems based on nano- or microparticles have gathered significant attention during the last few decades. A diversity of technologies, such as virus-like particles or self-assembled protein complexes, have been implemented for vaccine design against these viruses. In this work, we offer a comprehensive review of the nano- and microparticulated vaccine candidates against these three relevant orbiviruses. Additionally, we also review an innovative technology for antigen delivery based on the avian reovirus nonstructural protein muNS and we explore the prospective functionality of the nonstructural protein NS1 nanotubules as a BTV-based delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jiménez-Cabello
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), 28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.)
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.B.-P.); (T.P.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Sergio Utrilla-Trigo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), 28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.)
| | - Natalia Barreiro-Piñeiro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.B.-P.); (T.P.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Tomás Pose-Boirazian
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.B.-P.); (T.P.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - José Martínez-Costas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.B.-P.); (T.P.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Marín-López
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
| | - Javier Ortego
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), 28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Menon I, Kang SM, D'Souza M. Nanoparticle formulation of the fusion protein virus like particles of respiratory syncytial virus stimulates enhanced in vitro antigen presentation and autophagy. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121919. [PMID: 35714815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in childrenunder one year globally. As a result, RSV poses a severe burden on healthcare services. Thus, a vaccine for RSV is a global need. Utilizing polymeric nanoparticles as a delivery system for vaccine antigen holds a lot of promise. In this study, the virus like particles of RSV fusion protein (F-VLP) was encapsulated in poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP). The F-VLP NP was formulated using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The optimized NPs had a particle size of 525 ± 10.5 nm and an antigen encapsulation efficiency of 73% ± 10.5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the F-VLP was stable post formulation. The F-VLP NP showed a sustained release of the F-VLP antigen for up to a week. In vitro study revealed that the F-VLP NP were non-cytotoxic, and the cellular uptake of the NPs by dendritic cells was observed within 3 h. The F-VLP NP with adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) NP and without MPL NP showed enhanced expression of antigen presentation molecule major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and autophagosomes in dendritic cells. In summary, the sustained release of the antigen from the F-VLP NP and the particulate nature of the vaccine resulted in enhanced antigen presentation and induction of autophagy in antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Menon
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Sang Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Tariq H, Batool S, Asif S, Ali M, Abbasi BH. Virus-Like Particles: Revolutionary Platforms for Developing Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:790121. [PMID: 35046918 PMCID: PMC8761975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical engineering technologies, commercially available VLP-based vaccines are being extensively used to combat infectious diseases, whereas many more are in different stages of development in clinical studies. Because of their desired characteristics in terms of efficacy, safety, and diversity, VLP-based approaches might become more recurrent in the years to come. However, some production and fabrication challenges must be addressed before VLP-based approaches can be widely used in therapeutics. This review offers insight into the recent VLP-based vaccines development, with an emphasis on their characteristics, expression systems, and potential applicability as ideal candidates to combat emerging virulent pathogens. Finally, the potential of VLP-based vaccine as viable and efficient immunizing agents to induce immunity against virulent infectious agents, including, SARS-CoV-2 and protein nanoparticle-based vaccines has been elaborated. Thus, VLP vaccines may serve as an effective alternative to conventional vaccine strategies in combating emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sannia Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Abstract
Immune principles formulated by Jenner, Pasteur, and early immunologists served as fundamental propositions for vaccine discovery against many dreadful pathogens. However, decisive success in the form of an efficacious vaccine still eludes for diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. Several antileishmanial vaccine trials have been undertaken in past decades incorporating live, attenuated, killed, or subunit vaccination, but the goal remains unmet. In light of the above facts, we have to reassess the principles of vaccination by dissecting factors associated with the hosts' immune response. This chapter discusses the pathogen-associated perturbations at various junctures during the generation of the immune response which inhibits antigenic processing, presentation, or remodels memory T cell repertoire. This can lead to ineffective priming or inappropriate activation of memory T cells during challenge infection. Thus, despite a protective primary response, vaccine failure can occur due to altered immune environments in the presence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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The Role of Glycosylation in Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:265-283. [PMID: 34495540 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of glycan presentation in a cell, tissue and organism is enormous, which reflects the huge amount of important biological information encoded by the glycome which has not been fully understood. A compelling body of evidence has been highlighting the fundamental role of glycans in immunity, such as in development, and in major inflammatory processes such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune disorders. Glycans play an instrumental role in the immune response, integrating the canonical circuits that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. The relevance of glycosylation in immunity is demonstrated by the role of glycans as important danger-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns associated with the discrimination between self and non-self; also as important regulators of the threshold of T cell activation, modulating receptors signalling and the activity of both T and other immune cells. In addition, glycans are important determinants that regulate the dynamic crosstalk between the microbiome and immune response. In this chapter, the essential role of glycans in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory disorders will be presented and its potential clinical applications (diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics) will be highlighted.
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Cheng K, Kang Q, Zhao X. Biogenic nanoparticles as immunomodulator for tumor treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1646. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing China
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province College of Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing China
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10
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Steinmetz NF, Lim S, Sainsbury F. Protein cages and virus-like particles: from fundamental insight to biomimetic therapeutics. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2771-2777. [PMID: 32352101 PMCID: PMC8085892 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00159g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein cages (viral and non-viral) found in nature have evolved for a variety of purposes and are found in all kingdoms of life. The main functions of these nanoscale compartments are the protection and delivery of nucleic acids e.g. virus capsids, or the enrichment and sequestration of metabolons e.g. bacterial microcompartments. This review focuses on recent developments of protein cages for use in immunotherapy and therapeutic delivery. In doing so, we highlight the unique ways in which protein cages have informed on fundamental principles governing bio-nano interactions. With the enormous existing design space among naturally occurring protein cages, there is still much to learn from studying them as biomimetic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore and NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. and Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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11
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Ganesan M, Eikenberry A, Poluektova LY, Kharbanda KK, Osna NA. Role of alcohol in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:883-903. [PMID: 32206001 PMCID: PMC7081008 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i9.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol abuse often contribute to the development of end-stage liver disease. Alcohol abuse not only causes rapid progression of liver disease in HBV infected patients but also allows HBV to persist chronically. Importantly, the mechanism by which alcohol promotes the progression of HBV-associated liver disease are not completely understood. Potential mechanisms include a suppressed immune response, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus stresses, and increased HBV replication. Certainly, more research is necessary to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms such that treatment(s) to prevent rapid liver disease progression in alcohol-abusing HBV patients could be developed. In this review, we discuss the aforementioned factors for the higher risk of liver diseases in alcohol-induced HBV pathogenies and suggest the areas for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Allison Eikenberry
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
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12
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Spice AJ, Aw R, Bracewell DG, Polizzi KM. Synthesis and Assembly of Hepatitis B Virus-Like Particles in a Pichia pastoris Cell-Free System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:72. [PMID: 32117947 PMCID: PMC7033515 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are supramolecular protein assemblies with the potential for unique and exciting applications in synthetic biology and medicine. Despite the attention VLPs have gained thus far, considerable limitations still persist in their production. Poorly scalable manufacturing technologies and inconsistent product architectures continue to restrict the full potential of VLPs. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) offers an alternative approach to VLP production and has already proven to be successful, albeit using extracts from a limited number of organisms. Using a recently developed Pichia pastoris-based CFPS system, we have demonstrated the production of the model Hepatitis B core antigen VLP as a proof-of-concept. The VLPs produced in the CFPS system were found to have comparable characteristics to those previously produced in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we have developed a facile and rapid synthesis, assembly and purification methodology that could be applied as a rapid prototyping platform for vaccine development or synthetic biology applications. Overall the CFPS methodology allows far greater throughput, which will expedite the screening of optimal assembly conditions for more robust and stable VLPs. This approach could therefore support the characterization of larger sample sets to improve vaccine development efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Spice
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rochelle Aw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Mohsen MO, Speiser DE, Knuth A, Bachmann MF. Virus-like particles for vaccination against cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1579. [PMID: 31456339 PMCID: PMC6916610 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Active immunotherapy of cancer aims to treat the disease by inducing effective cellular and humoral immune responses. Virus‐like particle‐based vaccines have evolved dramatically over the last few decades, greatly reducing morbidity and mortality of several infectious diseases and expectedly preventing cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus. In contrast to these broad successes of disease prevention, therapeutic cancer vaccines remain to demonstrate clinical benefit. Yet, several preclinical and clinical trials have revealed promising results and are paving the way for medical breakthroughs. This study reviews and discusses the recent preclinical development and clinical trials in this field. This article is categorized under: Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- The Interim Translational Research Institute "iTRI", National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar.,Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Knuth
- The Interim Translational Research Institute "iTRI", National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Puente-Marin S, Nombela I, Chico V, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Perez LG, Coll J, Ortega-Villaizan MDM. Potential Role of Rainbow Trout Erythrocytes as Mediators in the Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine in Fish. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E60. [PMID: 31277329 PMCID: PMC6789471 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fish nucleated red blood cells (RBCs) have been implicated in the response against viral infections. We have demonstrated that rainbow trout RBCs can express the antigen encoded by a DNA vaccine against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and mount an immune response to the antigen in vitro. In this manuscript, we show, for the first time, the role of RBCs in the immune response triggered by DNA immunization of rainbow trout with glycoprotein G of VHSV (GVHSV). Transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of RBCs revealed genes and proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, the Fc receptor signaling pathway, the autophagy pathway, and the activation of the innate immune response, among others. On the other hand, GVHSV-transfected RBCs induce specific antibodies against VHSV in the serum of rainbow trout which shows that RBCs expressing a DNA vaccine are able to elicit a humoral response. These results open a new direction in the research of vaccination strategies for fish since rainbow trout RBCs actively participate in the innate and adaptive immune response in DNA vaccination. Based on our findings, we suggest the use of RBCs as target cells or carriers for the future design of novel vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Puente-Marin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Nombela
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Veronica Chico
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Mena
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia Perez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Biotecnología, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
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15
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Tang X, Gong J, Zeng C, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Dynamic distribution of formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) post intraperitoneal vaccination. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:393-402. [PMID: 30980915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the dynamic distribution of antigen in different tissues post vaccination, an absolute real-time quantitative PCR was employed to detect the amount of antigen in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) post intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with three concentrations (107, 108, 109 CFU ml-1) of formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda bacterin. The results showed that the amount of uptaken antigen quickly increased and then decreased in different tissues. The peak occurred first in the spleen and head kidney at 6-9 h after injection, and in the liver and blood at 9-15 h, then in the gill, intestine and skin at 15-24 h, finally in the muscle at 24-36 h. The amount of antigen was highest in the spleen and head kidney, followed by the blood, liver and gill, and lowest in the intestine, skin and muscle. Among the three concentration groups, the amount of antigen increased with the increasing concentration of the vaccine in the blood, liver, gill, intestine, skin and muscle, except for the spleen and head kidney, in which more antigens were found in the 108 CFU ml-1 group than that in 109 CFU ml-1 group. Moreover, IIFA and western blotting was performed to examine the tissue distribution of antigen at 9 h after vaccination with 108 CFU ml-1 formalin-inactivated E. tarda. The bacteria were mainly observed in the spleen and head kidney, then the liver, gill and blood, and least in the intestine, skin and muscle, which was roughly in accordance with the results of absolute qPCR. Furthermore, the expressions of CD4-1, MHC IIα, CD8α and MHC Iα in different tissues were detected by RT-qPCR, and the expression levels of these genes were highest in the spleen and head kidney, then in the blood, gill, liver, and lowest in the intestine, skin and muscle. All these results provided useful information for dynamic transportation of antigen uptake post vaccination, and also deepened the understanding of immune response to the injection vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gong
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chuili Zeng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Mohsen MO, Vogel M, Riether C, Muller J, Salatino S, Ternette N, Gomes AC, Cabral-Miranda G, El-Turabi A, Ruedl C, Kundig TM, Dermime S, Knuth A, Speiser DE, Bachmann MF. Targeting Mutated Plus Germline Epitopes Confers Pre-clinical Efficacy of an Instantly Formulated Cancer Nano-Vaccine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1015. [PMID: 31156619 PMCID: PMC6532571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines hold promises for future cancer therapy. Targeting neoantigens is perceived as more beneficial compared to germline, non-mutated antigens. However, it is a practical challenge to identify and vaccinate patients with neoantigens. Here we asked whether two neoantigens are sufficient, and whether the addition of germline antigens would enhance the therapeutic efficacy. We developed and used a personalized cancer nano-vaccine platform based on virus-like particles loaded with toll-like receptor ligands. We generated three sets of multi-target vaccines (MTV) to immunize against the aggressive B16F10 murine melanoma: one set based on germline epitopes (GL-MTV) identified by immunopeptidomics, another set based on mutated epitopes (Mutated-MTV) predicted by whole exome sequencing and a last set combines both germline and mutated epitopes (Mix-MTV). Our results demonstrate that both germline and mutated epitopes induced protection but the best therapeutic effect was achieved with the combination of both. Our platform is based on Cu-free click chemistry used for peptide-VLP coupling, thus enabling bedside production of a personalized cancer vaccine, ready for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,National Center for Cancer Care & Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julius Muller
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Salatino
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ariane C Gomes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aadil El-Turabi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M Kundig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care & Research, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Rizvi ZA, Puri N, Saxena RK. Evidence of CD1d pathway of lipid antigen presentation in mouse primary lung epithelial cells and its up-regulation upon Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210116. [PMID: 30596774 PMCID: PMC6312317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presentation of a prototype lipid antigen α-Galactosylceramide (αGC) was examined on primary epithelial cells derived from mouse lungs and on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells that essentially comprise alveolar macrophages. Presence of CD1d molecules coupled to αGC was demonstrated on both types of cells pre-treated with αGC, suggesting that both cell types are equipped to present lipid antigens. Internalization of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG: a prototype pathogen), a pre-requisite to the processing and presentation of protein as well as lipid antigens, was clearly demonstrated in primary lung epithelial (PLE) cells as well as BAL cells. Both PLE and BAL cells expressed CD1d molecule and a significant up-regulation of its expression occurred upon infection of these cells with BCG. Besides CD1d, the expression of other important molecules that participate in lipid antigen presentation pathway (i.e. microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and Saposin) was also significantly upregulated in PLE and BAL cells upon BCG infection. In situ up-regulation of CD1d expression on lung epithelial cells was also demonstrated in the lungs of mice exposed intra-tracheally to BCG. Taken together these results suggest that lung epithelial cells may have the ability to present lipid antigens and this pathway seems to get significantly upregulated in response to BCG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Niti Puri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Rajiv K. Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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18
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Liu Z, Sun Y, Zhang J, Ou N, Gu P, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. Immunopotentiation of Polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers as an adjuvant. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:768-774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Mohsen MO, Gomes AC, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. Interaction of Viral Capsid-Derived Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) with the Innate Immune System. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030037. [PMID: 30004398 PMCID: PMC6161069 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from viral nucleocapsids are an important class of nanoparticles. The structure, uniformity, stability, and function of these VLPs have attracted scientists in utilizing them as a unique tool in various applications in biomedical fields. Their interaction with the innate immune system is of major importance for the adaptive immune response they induce. The innate immune cells and molecules recognize and interact with VLPs on the basis of two major characteristics: size and surface geometry. This review discusses the interaction of viral capsid-derived VLPs with the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
- Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ariane C Gomes
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Monique Vogel
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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Luo L, Qin T, Huang Y, Zheng S, Bo R, Liu Z, Xing J, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Exploring the immunopotentiation of Chinese yam polysaccharide poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in an ovalbumin vaccine formulation in vivo. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1099-1111. [PMID: 28776443 PMCID: PMC8241064 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1359861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and has frequently been used to develop potential vaccine delivery systems. The immunoregulation and immunopotentiation of Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) have been widely demonstrated. In the current study, cell uptake mechanisms in dendritic cells (DCs) were monitored in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. To study a CYP-PLGA nanoparticle-adjuvanted delivery system, CYP and ovalbumin (OVA) were encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (CYPPs) to act as a vaccine, and the formulation was tested in immunized mice. The CYPPs more easily underwent uptake by DCs in vitro, and CYPP/OVA could stimulate more effective antigen-specific immune responses than any of the single-component formulations in vivo. Mice immunized using CYPP/OVA exhibited more secretion of OVA-specific IgG antibodies, better proliferation, and higher cytokine secretion by splenocytes and significant activation of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells. Overall, the CYPP/OVA formulation produced a stronger humoral and cellular immune response and a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response with a greater Th1 bias in comparison with the other formulations. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the CYPP-adjuvanted delivery system has the potential to strengthen immune responses and lay the foundation for novel adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China
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21
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Mohsen MO, Gomes AC, Cabral-Miranda G, Krueger CC, Leoratti FM, Stein JV, Bachmann MF. Delivering adjuvants and antigens in separate nanoparticles eliminates the need of physical linkage for effective vaccination. J Control Release 2017; 251:92-100. [PMID: 28257987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA rich in unmethylated CG motifs (CpGs) engage Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR-9) in endosomes and are well described stimulators of the innate and adaptive immune system. CpGs therefore can efficiently improve vaccines' immunogenicity. Packaging CpGs into nanoparticles, in particular into virus-like particles (VLPs), improves the pharmacological characteristics of CpGs as the protein shell protects them from DNAse activity and delivers the oligomers to the endosomal compartments of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). The current consensus in packaging and delivering CpGs in VLP-based vaccines is that both adjuvants and antigens should be kept in close proximity (i.e. physically linked) to ensure delivery of antigens and adjuvants to the same APCs. In the current study, we harness the draining properties of the lymphatic system and show that also non-linked VLPs are efficiently co-delivered to the same APCs in lymph nodes. Specifically, we have shown that CpGs can be packaged in one VLP and mixed with another VLP displaying the antigen prior to administration in vivo. Both VLPs efficiently reached the same draining lymph node where they were taken up and processed by the same APCs, namely dendritic cells and macrophages. This resulted in induction of specific CTLs producing cytokines and killing target cells in vivo at levels seen when using VLPs containing both CpGs and chemically conjugated antigen. Thus, delivery of antigens and adjuvants in separate nanoparticles eliminates the need of physical conjugation and thus can be beneficial when designing precision medicine VLP-based vaccines or help to re-formulate existing VLP vaccines not naturally carrying immunostimulatory sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Qatar Foundation (QRLP), Doha, State of Qatar.
| | | | | | - Caroline C Krueger
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Ms Leoratti
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Gause KT, Wheatley AK, Cui J, Yan Y, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Immunological Principles Guiding the Rational Design of Particles for Vaccine Delivery. ACS NANO 2017; 11:54-68. [PMID: 28075558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the immense public health successes of immunization over the past century, effective vaccines are still lacking for globally important pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, and tuberculosis. Exciting recent advances in immunology and biotechnology over the past few decades have facilitated a shift from empirical to rational vaccine design, opening possibilities for improved vaccines. Some of the most important advancements include (i) the purification of subunit antigens with high safety profiles, (ii) the identification of innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cognate agonists responsible for inducing immune responses, and (iii) developments in nano- and microparticle fabrication and characterization techniques. Advances in particle engineering now allow highly tunable physicochemical properties of particle-based vaccines, including composition, size, shape, surface characteristics, and degradability. Enhanced collaborative efforts between researchers in immunology and materials science are expected to rise to next-generation vaccines. This process will be significantly aided by a greater understanding of the immunological principles guiding vaccine antigenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. With specific emphasis on PRR-targeted adjuvants and particle physicochemical properties, this review aims to provide an overview of the current literature to guide and focus rational particle-based vaccine design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Gause
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yan Yan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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McAfee MS, Huynh TP, Johnson JL, Jacobs BL, Blattman JN. Interaction between unrelated viruses during in vivo co-infection to limit pathology and immunity. Virology 2015; 484:153-162. [PMID: 26099694 PMCID: PMC4567517 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding immunity to viral infection. However, infection can occur in the context of co-infection by unrelated pathogens that modulate immune responses and/or disease. We have studied immunity and disease during co-infection with two unrelated viruses: Ectromelia virus (ECTV) and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). ECTV infection can be a lethal in mice due in part to the blockade of Type I Interferons (IFN-I). We show that ECTV/LCMV co-infection results in decreased ECTV viral load and amelioration of ECTV-induced disease, likely due to IFN-I induction by LCMV, as rescue is not observed in IFN-I receptor deficient mice. However, immune responses to LCMV in ECTV co-infected mice were also lower compared to mice infected with LCMV alone and potentially biased toward effector-memory cell generation. Thus, we provide evidence for bi-directional effects of viral co-infection that modulate disease and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S McAfee
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Trung P Huynh
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John L Johnson
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bertram L Jacobs
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph N Blattman
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program & Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Williamson ED, Duchars MG, Kohberger R. Predictive models and correlates of protection for testing biodefence vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:527-37. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Spohn G, Bachmann MF. Exploiting viral properties for the rational design of modern vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:43-54. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Thom JT, Walton SM, Torti N, Oxenius A. Salivary gland resident APCs are Flt3L- and CCR2-independent macrophage-like cells incapable of cross-presentation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:706-14. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny T. Thom
- Institute of Microbiology; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Torti
- Institute of Microbiology; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Manuel-Cabrera CA, Márquez-Aguirre A, Rodolfo HG, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Chavez-Calvillo G, Carrillo-Tripp M, Silva-Rosales L, Gutiérrez-Ortega A. Immune response to a potyvirus with exposed amino groups available for chemical conjugation. Virol J 2012; 9:75. [PMID: 22452850 PMCID: PMC3359163 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amino terminus of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) capsid protein is located on the external surface of infectious TEV particles, as proposed by previous studies and an in silico model. The epsilon amino groups on the exposed lysine residues are available for chemical conjugation to any given protein, and can thus act as antigen carriers. The availability of amino groups on the surfaces of TEV particles was determined and the immune response to TEV evaluated. Results Using a biotin-tagged molecule that reacts specifically with amino groups, we found that the TEV capsid protein has amino groups on its surface available for coupling to other molecules via crosslinkers. Intraperitoneal TEV was administered to female BALB/c mice, and both their humoral and cellular responses measured. Different IgG isotypes, particularly IgG2a, directed against TEV were induced. In a cell proliferation assay, only spleen cells from vaccinated mice that were stimulated in vitro with TEV showed significant proliferation of CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ subpopulations and secreted significant amounts of interferon γ. Conclusions TEV has surface amino groups that are available for chemical coupling. TEV induces both humoral and cellular responses when administered alone intraperitoneally to mice. Therefore, TEV should be evaluated as a vaccine adjuvant when chemically coupled to antigens of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Manuel-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, México
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Absence of cross-presenting cells in the salivary gland and viral immune evasion confine cytomegalovirus immune control to effector CD4 T cells. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002214. [PMID: 21901102 PMCID: PMC3161985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal transmission of cytomegaloviruses (CMV) occurs via prolonged excretion from mucosal surfaces. We used murine CMV (MCMV) infection to investigate the mechanisms of immune control in secretory organs. CD4 T cells were crucial to cease MCMV replication in the salivary gland (SG) via direct secretion of IFNγ that initiated antiviral signaling on non-hematopoietic cells. In contrast, CD4 T cell helper functions for CD8 T cells or B cells were dispensable. Despite SG-resident MCMV-specific CD8 T cells being able to produce IFNγ, the absence of MHC class I molecules on infected acinar glandular epithelial cells due to viral immune evasion, and the paucity of cross-presenting antigen presenting cells (APCs) prevented their local activation. Thus, local activation of MCMV-specific T cells is confined to the CD4 subset due to exclusive presentation of MCMV-derived antigens by MHC class II molecules on bystander APCs, resulting in IFNγ secretion interfering with viral replication in cells of non-hematopoietic origin. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) infect 50 to 90 % of the world's population and cause severe clinical complication in immunosuppressed individuals. An important tissue for horizontal transmission is the salivary gland (SG). CD4 T cells are crucial for viral control in this organ. However, how CD4 T cells control MCMV and why CD8 T cells, important effector cells in other organs, are inefficient in the SG, remains unclear. Here we show that CD4 T cells exert direct antiviral effector rather than helper functions by secretion of IFNγ acting on non-hematopoietic cells. Although SG-resident CD8 T cells were able to produce IFNγ and outnumbered CD4 T cells, absence of MHC class I expression on infected cells due to CMV-encoded immune evasion genes and concomitant absence of cross-presenting antigen presenting cells prohibited antigen recognition by CD8 T cells. Deletion of CMV-encoded immune evasion genes enabled CD8 T cells to control MCMV replication in the SG in absence of CD4 T cells. Hence, CMV control depends on direct antiviral functions of CD4 T cells because of exclusive MHC class II-restricted CMV antigen presentation by bystander APCs in the SG, exemplifying a strategy of effective immune evasion by which CMVs to promote their own transmission.
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Mazeike E, Gedvilaite A, Blohm U. Induction of insert-specific immune response in mice by hamster polyomavirus VP1 derived virus-like particles carrying LCMV GP33 CTL epitope. Virus Res 2011; 163:2-10. [PMID: 21864590 PMCID: PMC7114473 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) major capsid protein VP1 based chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) carrying model GP33 CTL epitope derived from Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were generated in yeast and examined for their capability to induce CTL response in mice. Chimeric VP1-GP33 VLPs were effectively processed in antigen presenting cells in vitro and in vivo and induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation. Mice immunized only once with VP1-GP33 VLPs without adjuvant developed an effective GP33-specific memory T cell response: 70% were fully and 30% partially protected from LCMV infection. Moreover, aggressive growth of tumors expressing GP33 was significantly delayed in these mice in vivo. Therefore, HaPyV VP1-derived VLP harboring CTL epitopes are attractive vaccine candidates for the induction of insert-specific CTL immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Mazeike
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biotechnology, Graiciuno 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
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30
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Flinsenberg TWH, Compeer EB, Boelens JJ, Boes M. Antigen cross-presentation: extending recent laboratory findings to therapeutic intervention. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:8-18. [PMID: 21561444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of adaptive immune responses requires antigen presentation to lymphocytes. In particular, dendritic cells (DCs) are equipped with specialized machinery that promote effective display of peptide/major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), rendering them the most potent stimulators of naive T lymphocytes. Antigen cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells is an important mechanism for the development of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against tumours and viruses that do not infect antigen-presenting cells. Here, we review recent findings concerning antigen cross-presentation to CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Specific subtypes of DCs in the mouse have been defined as being especially endowed for antigen cross-presentation, and a human homologue of these DCs has recently been described. DC vaccination strategies for the prevention and treatment of human diseases have been under investigation in recent years, but have not generally reached satisfying results. We here provide an overview of new findings in antigen cross-presentation research and how they can be used for development of the next generation of human DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W H Flinsenberg
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/ Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
The 'easiest' vaccines, base on production of neutralizing antibodies, have been made. With the emergence of chronic diseases, vaccine developers have understood the importance to trigger an efficient cellular mediated immune response (CTL response) to respond to this medical need. Several options are currently in development and the utilization of plant virus as vaccine platform for the trigger of a CTL response is considered as an interesting avenue. The highly ordered structures of plant viruses are good triggers of the innate immune system, which in turn, is used to initiate an immune response to a vaccine target. It is likely that plant viruses will play an important role in the development of the vaccine of the futures even if there is still several challenges to face.
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32
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Construction and characterization of insect cell-derived influenza VLP: cell binding, fusion, and EGFP incorporation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:506363. [PMID: 21197092 PMCID: PMC3004410 DOI: 10.1155/2010/506363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed virus-like particles (VLPs) harboring hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), matrix protein 1 (M1) ,and proton channel protein (M2) using baculovirus as a vector in the SF9 insect cell. The size of the expressed VLP was estimated to be ~100 nm by light scattering experiment and transmission electron microscopy. Recognition of HA on the VLP surface by the HA2-specific monoclonal antibody IIF4 at acidic pH, as probed by surface plasmon resonance, indicated the pH-induced structural rearrangement of HA. Uptake of the particle by A549 mediated by HA-sialylose receptor interaction was visualized by the fluorescent-labeled VLP. The HA-promoted cell-virus fusion activity was illustrated by fluorescence imaging on the Jurkat cells incubated with rhodamine-loaded VLP performed at fusogenic pH. Furthermore, the green fluorescence protein (GFP) was fused to NA to produce VLP with a pH-sensitive probe, expanding the use of VLP as an antigen carrier and a tool for viral tracking.
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Bachmann MF, Jennings GT. Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:787-96. [DOI: 10.1038/nri2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1300] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Keller SA, Schwarz K, Manolova V, von Allmen CE, Kinzler MG, Bauer M, Muntwiler S, Saudan P, Bachmann MF. Innate signaling regulates cross-priming at the level of DC licensing and not antigen presentation. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:103-12. [PMID: 19877013 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Innate stimuli, such as TLR ligands, are known to greatly facilitate cross-priming. Currently it is unclear whether innate stimuli enhance cross-priming at the level of cross-presentation or at the level of T-cell priming. In this study, we addressed this question by measuring cross-presentation as well as cross-priming by virus-like particles (VLP) displaying peptide p33 derived of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Innate stimuli were varied by either packaging different TLR ligands into virus-like particles or using mice deficient in two key molecules of TLR-signaling, namely the adaptor molecule MyD88 as well as IFN-alpha/beta receptor. While efficient cross-presentation occurred despite strongly reduced activation of DC in the absence of TLR ligand-mediated signals, T-cell priming was abolished. Thus, innate stimuli regulate cross-priming at the level of DC licensing for T-cell activation and not antigen presentation.
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35
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Keller SA, von Allmen CE, Hinton HJ, Bauer M, Muntwiler S, Dietmeier K, Saudan P, Bachmann MF. Follicular and Marginal Zone B Cells Fail to Cross-Present MHC Class I-Restricted Epitopes Derived from Viral Particles. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6261-6. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Coppieters K, Barral AM, Juedes A, Wolfe T, Rodrigo E, Théry C, Amigorena S, von Herrath MG. No significant CTL cross-priming by dendritic cell-derived exosomes during murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2213-20. [PMID: 19201875 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are secreted by most cells in culture, but are also present in serum. They contain a wide array of protein ligands on their surface, which has led to the hypothesis that they might mediate intercellular communication. Indeed, data support that exosomes can transfer Ags to dendritic cells (DC), and, interestingly, that these DC can subsequently induce T cell priming or tolerance. We have investigated whether this concept can be expanded to antiviral immunity. We isolated exosomes from supernatant of cultured bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) that were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or loaded with an immunodominant LCMV peptide, and characterized them by flow cytometry upon binding to beads. We then incubated the exosome preparations with BMDC and looked at their potential to activate LCMV gp33-specific naive and memory CD8 T cells. We found that exosomes do not significantly contribute to CD8 T cell cross-priming in vitro. Additionally, exosomes derived from in vitro-infected BMDC did not exhibit significant in vivo priming activity, as evidenced by the lack of protection following exosome vaccination. Thus, DC-derived exosomes do not appear to contribute significantly to CTL priming during acute LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Coppieters
- Immune Regulation Laboratory DI-3, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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37
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Khor B, Makar RS. Toward a Molecular Explanation for Cross-presentation of Antigens to the Immune System. Transfus Med Rev 2008; 22:188-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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Luckashenak N, Schroeder S, Endt K, Schmidt D, Mahnke K, Bachmann MF, Marconi P, Deeg CA, Brocker T. Constitutive Crosspresentation of Tissue Antigens by Dendritic Cells Controls CD8+ T Cell Tolerance In Vivo. Immunity 2008; 28:521-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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Kuffová L, Netuková M, Duncan L, Porter A, Stockinger B, Forrester JV. Cross presentation of antigen on MHC class II via the draining lymph node after corneal transplantation in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1353-61. [PMID: 18209029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated Ag trafficking from the cornea and T effector cell activation in secondary lymphoid tissue after corneal transplantation. In preliminary experiments, the central cornea was shown to contain a population of CD45(+), CD11b(+), CD11c- cells, with a few MHC class II(+) cells, and F4/80(+) cells. However, MHC class II(+) passenger leukocytes in donor cornea after allografting did not traffic to the draining lymph node. Instead, Ag (plasmid) delivered to the eye via the donor cornea during allograft was detected in host CD11c(+) and F4/80(+) APC in the draining lymph nodes and spleen. The earliest detection of APC-associated Ag was at 6 h in the draining lymph node and 24 h in the spleen. After 48 h Ag was not detected in the draining lymph node but was still present in the spleen. Ag applied to the donor corneal epithelium before allografting induced Ag-specific T cell activation and expansion in the draining lymph node with a peak response at 4-6 days, indicating that cross-presentation of Ag had occurred. We conclude therefore, that Ag is transported from the donor cornea within host APC and that this event occurs within hours after grafting. Ag is cross-presented to host CD4(+) T cells on MHC class II and leads to the activation of Ag-specific effector T cells and clonal expansion in the draining lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kuffová
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Medical School Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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40
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Nembrini C, Reissmann R, Kopf M, Marsland BJ. Effective T-cell immune responses in the absence of the serine/threonine kinase RIP2. Microbes Infect 2008; 10:522-30. [PMID: 18403232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase RIP2 has been reported to be essential for Nod1 and Nod2 mediated cell activation, and has been suggested to play a role in the signaling cascade downstream of the T-cell receptor. We sought to ascertain the exact role of RIP2 in T-helper cell differentiation and CD8+ T-cell effector function in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to previous reports, we found that RIP2-deficient T cells did not exhibit impaired proliferation upon TCR engagement in vitro, and differentiation to cytokine producing Th1 or Th2 cells was normal in the absence of RIP2. These results were confirmed in vivo, as wild-type and RIP2-deficient virus-specific CD8+ T cells expanded comparably in mice after LCMV infection. Wild-type and RIP2-deficient CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infected mice also showed similar proliferation and cytokine production when restimulated with full or partial agonist peptides ex vivo. Furthermore, no significant difference in adaptive T-cell responses could be observed between wild-type and RIP2-deficient mice after Listeria monocytogenes infection. Thus contrary to early reports, our data show that RIP2 is not an essential component of the TCR signaling machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nembrini
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Molecular Biomedicine, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Wagistrasse 27, CH-8952 Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
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Abstract
The effectiveness of T-cell-mediated immunotherapy of cancer depends on both an optimal immunostimulatory context of the therapy and the proper selection with respect to quality and quantity of the targeted tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and, more precisely, the T-cell epitopes contained in these tumor proteins. Our progressing insight in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antigen processing and presentation mechanisms has improved the prediction by reverse immunology of novel cytotoxic T lymphocyte and T-helper cell epitopes within known antigens. Computer algorithms that in silico predict HLA class I and class II binding, proteasome cleavage patterns and transporter associated with antigen processing translocation are now available to expedite epitope identification. The advent of genomics allows a high-throughput screening for tumor-specific transcripts and mutations, with that identifying novel shared and unique TAA. The increasing power of mass spectrometry and proteomics will lead to the direct identification from the tumor cell surface of numerous novel tumor-specific HLA class I and class II presented ligands. Together, the expanded repertoire of tumor-specific T-cell epitopes will enable more precise immunomonitoring and the development of effective epitope-defined adoptive T-cell transfer and multi-epitope-based vaccination strategies targeting epitopes derived from a wider diversity of TAA presented in a broader array of HLA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kessler
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Antigen presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPCs) to cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells can occur via two processing routes - the direct and cross-presentation pathways. Cross-presentation of exogenous antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules has recently attracted a lot of research interest because it may prove crucial for vaccine development. This alternative pathway has been implicated in priming CD8(+) T-cell responses to pathogens as well as tumours in vivo (cross-priming). In cross-presentation, the internalized antigens can be processed through diverse intracellular routes. As many unresolved questions regarding the molecular basis that controls the cross-priming process still exist, it is essential to explore the various elements involved therein, to better elucidate this pathway. In this review, we summarize current data that explore how the source and nature of antigens could affect their cross-presentation. Moreover, we will discuss and outline how recent advances regarding pAPCs' properties have increased our appreciation of the complex nature of the cross-priming pathway in vivo. In conclusion, we contemplate how the direct and cross-presentation pathways can function to allow the immune system to deal efficiently with diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Basta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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43
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Dalba C, Bellier B, Kasahara N, Klatzmann D. Replication-competent Vectors and Empty Virus-like Particles: New Retroviral Vector Designs for Cancer Gene Therapy or Vaccines. Mol Ther 2007; 15:457-66. [PMID: 17245356 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication-defective vectors based on murine oncoretroviruses were the first gene transfer vectors to be used in successful gene therapies. Despite this achievement, they have two major drawbacks: insufficient efficacy for in vivo gene transfer and insertional mutagenesis. Attempts to overcome these problems have led to two retroviral vector designs of principally opposite character: replication-competent vectors transducing largely intact genomes and genome-free vectors. Replication-competent retroviral vectors have achieved dramatically improved efficacy for in vivo cancer gene therapy and genome-free retroviral vectors expressing different kinds of antigens have proven excellent as immunogens. Current developments aim to improve the safety of the replication-competent vectors and to augment the production efficiency of the genome-free vectors by expression from heterologous viral or non-viral vectors. Together with the continuous advances of classical defective retroviral vectors for ex vivo gene therapy, these developments illustrate that, due to their tremendous design versatility, retroviral vectors remain important vectors for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dalba
- Biologie et Thérapeutique des Pathologies Immunitaires, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, UMR 7087, Paris, France.
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Leclerc D, Beauseigle D, Denis J, Morin H, Paré C, Lamarre A, Lapointe R. Proteasome-independent major histocompatibility complex class I cross-presentation mediated by papaya mosaic virus-like particles leads to expansion of specific human T cells. J Virol 2006; 81:1319-26. [PMID: 17121795 PMCID: PMC1797532 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01720-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of versatile vaccine platforms is a priority that is recognized by health authorities worldwide; such platforms should induce both arms of the immune system, the humoral and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses. In this study, we have established that a vaccine platform based on the coat protein of papaya mosaic virus (PapMV CP), previously shown to induce a humoral response, can induce major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cross-presentation of HLA-A*0201 epitopes from gp100, a melanoma antigen, and from influenza virus M1 matrix protein. PapMV proteins were able to assemble into stable virus-like particles (VLPs) in a crystalline and repetitive structure. When we pulsed HLA-A*0201+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the recombinant PapMV FLU or gp100, we noted that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were highly reactive to these APCs, demonstrating that the epitope from the VLPs were processed and loaded on the MHC class I complex. APCs were preincubated with two different proteasome inhibitors, which did not affect the efficiency of peptide presentation on MHC class I. Classical presentation from an endogenous antigen was abolished in the same conditions. Clearly, antigen presentation mediated by the PapMV system was proteasome independent. Finally, PapMV-pulsed APCs had the capacity to expand highly avid antigen-specific T cells against the influenza virus M1 HLA-A*0201 epitope when cocultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This study demonstrates the potential of PapMV for MHC class I cross-presentation and for the expansion of human antigen-specific T cells. It makes VLPs from PapMV CP a very attractive platform to trigger cellular responses for vaccine development against chronic infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Leclerc
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Hôpital Notre-Dame, and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Iglesias E, Thompson R, Carrazana Y, Lobaina Y, García D, Sánchez J, García J, Cruz O, Brown E, Martin A, Muzio VL, Aguilar JC. Coinoculation with hepatitis B surface and core antigen promotes a Th1 immune response to a multiepitopic protein of HIV-1. Immunol Cell Biol 2006; 84:174-83. [PMID: 16519735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been defined that strong and multispecific cellular immune responses correlate with a better prognosis during the course of chronic diseases. A cross-enhancing effect on the resulting immune response obtained by the coadministration of recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface and core Ag was recently observed. With the objective of studying the effect of such Ag on the immune response to coinoculated heterologous Ag and vice versa, several formulations containing the recombinant HBV Ag and a multiepitopic protein (CR3) composed by CTL and Th epitopes from HIV-1 were evaluated by s.c. and mucosal administration. Combinations of two and three Ag were evaluated for cellular and humoral immune responses. The results showed that the best Ag combination for nasal immunization was the mixture comprising the CR3 recombinant HIV protein and both HBV Ag. Similarly, it was also the best formulation for s.c. immunization in aluminium phosphate adjuvant. In conclusion, it is possible to induce a Th1 stimulation of the cellular immune response specific for a HIV-based recombinant protein by formulating this Ag with the recombinant HBV Ag.
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46
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Nembrini C, Abel B, Kopf M, Marsland BJ. Strong TCR signaling, TLR ligands, and cytokine redundancies ensure robust development of type 1 effector T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:7180-8. [PMID: 16751361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.12.7180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell effector function is a central mechanism of adaptive immunity, and accordingly, protection of the host against pathogens. One of the primary effector molecules produced by T cells in response to such pathogens is the cytokine, IFN-gamma. Although the signaling pathways associated with the production of IFN-gamma are well established, disparate in vivo and in vitro results indicate that distinct pathways may become more prominent dependent upon the nature of the infection, inflammatory milieu and tissue localization. We have examined the roles and requirements of the major IFN-gamma-inducing pathways in vivo and in vitro, specifically: strength of TCR signal; paracrine release of IL-12, IL-23, and IL-18; and autocrine production of IFN-gamma. Our data show a dynamic interaction between these activation pathways, which allows the host a degree of flexibility and redundancy in the induction of IFN-gamma. Upon strong signaling through the TCR, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-23 play negligible roles in the induction of IFN-gamma, whereas autocrine IFN-gamma is an important component in sustaining its own secretion. However, the absence of any one of these factors during a weaker TCR signal, results in strikingly impaired T cell IFN-gamma production. Of note, TLR-activated dendritic cells (DCs) were capable of overcoming the absence of a strong TCR signal, IL-12, IL-23, or IL-18 revealing an important additional mechanism for ensuring a robust IFN-gamma response. Our findings clarify the hierarchical requirements of the major IFN-gamma inducing pathways and highlight the important role TLR ligand-activated DCs have to preserve them.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Antigens, Viral/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/deficiency
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Interleukin-18/deficiency
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Interleukin-18/physiology
- Ligands
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptors/physiology
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nembrini
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich-Schlieren, Switzerland
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Baumann S, Nasser Eddine A, Kaufmann SHE. Progress in tuberculosis vaccine development. Curr Opin Immunol 2006; 18:438-48. [PMID: 16777396 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first tuberculosis vaccine candidates have reached clinical testing. Novel subunit vaccine candidates aimed at boosting previous BCG-prime vaccination and novel viable attenuated vaccine candidates aimed at substituting BCG have both completed the preclinical stage. Despite these achievements, rational vaccine design against tuberculosis has not come to an end. Novel findings in basic immunology and microbiology will advance further improvements in vaccine development. These include the potential role of crosspriming to induce more potent T-cell responses, the role of memory T cells and regulatory T cells in sustaining or curtailing optimal immune responses, respectively, as well as the involvement of cytokines in T-cell migration to nonimmunologic tissue sites and in the generation of memory. Knowledge about basic mechanisms underlying optimum protection will not only have a direct impact on future vaccine design against tuberculosis but also help in the formulation of a set of biomarkers with predictive value for vaccine efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Baumann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Cooper A, Shaul Y. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and lysosomal cleavage of hepatitis B virus capsid-like core particles. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:16563-9. [PMID: 16618702 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601418200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core particle serves as a protective capsid shell for the viral genome and is highly immunogenic. Recombinant capsid-like core particles are used as effective carriers of foreign T and B cell epitopes and as delivery vehicles for oligonucleotides. The core monomer contains an arginine-rich C terminus that directs core particle attachment to cells via membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Here we investigated the mechanism of recombinant core particle uptake and its intracellular fate following heparan sulfate binding. We found that the core particles are internalized in an energy-dependent manner. Core particle uptake is inhibited by chlorpromazine and by cytosol acidification known to block clathrin-mediated endocytosis but not by nystatin, which blocks lipid raft endocytosis. Particle uptake is abolished by expression of dominant negative forms of eps15 and Rab5, adaptors involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosome transport, respectively. Endocytosed particles are transported to lysosomes where the core monomer is endoproteolytically cleaved into its distinct domains. Using protease inhibitors, cathepsin B was identified as the enzyme responsible for core monomer cleavage. Finally we found that monomer cleavage promotes particle dissociation within cells. Together, our results show that HBV capsid-like core particles are internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, leading to lysosomal cleavage of the core monomer and particle dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Cooper
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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49
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Winau F, Weber S, Sad S, de Diego J, Hoops SL, Breiden B, Sandhoff K, Brinkmann V, Kaufmann SHE, Schaible UE. Apoptotic vesicles crossprime CD8 T cells and protect against tuberculosis. Immunity 2006; 24:105-17. [PMID: 16413927 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T lymphocytes are important effectors in protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We recently characterized the detour pathway of CD8 T cell activation in tuberculosis mediated by apoptotic vesicles from infected cells that transport mycobacterial antigens to dendritic cells (DCs). Here we demonstrate that apoptotic vesicles from mycobacteria-infected macrophages stimulate CD8 T cells in vivo. Homing of DCs to draining lymph nodes was critically required for effective crosspriming. Subsequent fate of vesicle-associated antigens in recipient DCs was characterized by endosomal mechanisms predominating over proteasomal processing. In addition, vesicle processing depended on the presence of saposins to disintegrate apoptotic membranes. Apoptotic vesicles displayed potent adjuvant activity by stimulating through Toll-like receptors (TLR). Ultimately, vaccination with vesicles from infected cells induced protection against M. tuberculosis infection. Taken together, we propose the detour pathway to represent a genuine immunological mechanism mediating crosspriming of CD8 T cells in vivo and protection against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Winau
- Department of Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, Schumannstrasse 21-22, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Gupta V, Tabiin TM, Sun K, Chandrasekaran A, Anwar A, Yang K, Chikhlikar P, Salmon J, Brusic V, Marques ET, Kellathur SN, August TJ. SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid immunodominant T-cell epitope cluster is common to both exogenous recombinant and endogenous DNA-encoded immunogens. Virology 2006; 347:127-39. [PMID: 16387339 PMCID: PMC7111852 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Correspondence between the T-cell epitope responses of vaccine immunogens and those of pathogen antigens is critical to vaccine efficacy. In the present study, we analyzed the spectrum of immune responses of mice to three different forms of the SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid (N): (1) exogenous recombinant protein (N-GST) with Freund's adjuvant; (2) DNA encoding unmodified N as an endogenous cytoplasmic protein (pN); and (3) DNA encoding N as a LAMP-1 chimera targeted to the lysosomal MHC II compartment (p-LAMP-N). Lysosomal trafficking of the LAMP/N chimera in transfected cells was documented by both confocal and immunoelectron microscopy. The responses of the immunized mice differed markedly. The strongest T-cell IFN-γ and CTL responses were to the LAMP-N chimera followed by the pN immunogen. In contrast, N-GST elicited strong T cell IL-4 but minimal IFN-γ responses and a much greater antibody response. Despite these differences, however, the immunodominant T-cell ELISpot responses to each of the three immunogens were elicited by the same N peptides, with the greatest responses being generated by a cluster of five overlapping peptides, N76–114, each of which contained nonameric H2d binding domains with high binding scores for both class I and, except for N76–93, class II alleles. These results demonstrate that processing and presentation of N, whether exogenously or endogenously derived, resulted in common immunodominant epitopes, supporting the usefulness of modified antigen delivery and trafficking forms and, in particular, LAMP chimeras as vaccine candidates. Nevertheless, the profiles of T-cell responses were distinctly different. The pronounced Th-2 and humoral response to N protein plus adjuvant are in contrast to the balanced IFN-γ and IL-4 responses and strong memory CTL responses to the LAMP-N chimera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Gupta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Tani M. Tabiin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Kai Sun
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Ananth Chandrasekaran
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Azlinda Anwar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Priya Chikhlikar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jerome Salmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vladimir Brusic
- Institute for Infocomm Research, 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613, Singapore
- School of Land and Food Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ernesto T.A. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Virology and Experimental Therapy Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhaes Research Center, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Srinivasan N. Kellathur
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas J. August
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, 31 Biopolis Way, #02-01 The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Fax: +1 410 502 3066.
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