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Staller DW, Bennett RG, Mahato RI. Therapeutic perspectives on PDE4B inhibition in adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic liver injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:545-573. [PMID: 38878273 PMCID: PMC11305103 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2369590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a complex disease associated with profound dysfunction. Despite an incredible burden, the first and only pharmacotherapy for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis was only approved in March of this year, indicating a gap in the translation of preclinical studies. There is a body of preclinical work on the application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in CLD, none of these molecules have been successfully translated into clinical use. AREAS COVERED To design therapies to combat CLD, it is essential to consider the dysregulation of other tissues that contribute to its development and progression. As such, proper therapies must combat this throughout the body rather than focusing only on the liver. To detail this, literature characterizing the pathogenesis of CLD was pulled from PubMed, with a particular focus placed on the role of PDE4 in inflammation and metabolism. Then, the focus is shifted to detailing the available information on existing PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION This review gives a brief overview of some of the pathologies of organ systems that are distinct from the liver but contribute to disease progression. The demonstrated efficacy of PDE4 inhibitors in other human inflammatory diseases should earn them further examination for the treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton W. Staller
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert G. Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Yu KH, Tien KW, Wang WC, Chi CH, Tsai KC, Chou CH, Hwang TL, Hung HY. Design and synthesis of pyrazole derivatives against neutrophilic inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115874. [PMID: 37918036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells. However, neutrophil dysregulation leads to acute and chronic inflammation and is involved in various diseases. The aim of this study was to develop anti-inflammatory agents in human neutrophils. A drug screening was conducted on in-house compounds with the potential to inhibit the respiratory burst, which involves the generation of superoxide anions in human neutrophils. Bioisosteric replacement was then applied to design more active derivatives. The most potent inhibitors of superoxide anion generation activity were compounds 58 and 59, which had IC50 values of 13.30 and 9.06 nM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of 58 and 59 were reversed by H89, a PKA inhibitor. PDE selective screening indicated that the best inhibitory effects were PDE4B1 and PDE4D2, and the inhibitory activities were 83% and 85%, respectively, at a 10 μM concentration of 59. The final molecular simulation experiment highlighted the slightly different binding poses of 58 and 59 in the PDE4 active site. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the half-life of 59 was approximately 79 min when using intravenous bolus administration. This work introduced a new class structure of PDE4 inhibitors resulting in potent neutrophil inactivation activity, with the aim of contributing to new anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hua Yu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Tien
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Chi
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Yan C, Chen J, Tang H, Deng C, Zhang Q, Wang X. IgG immune complex-induced acute lung injury is ameliorated by cAMP via down-regulation of C/EBP- and AP-1-mediated transcriptions. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 37864223 PMCID: PMC10588139 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life threatening pulmonary diseases, and we are now lack of effective therapeutic methods. Inflammatory responses are essential for initiating ALI/ARDS. Thus, ameliorating inflammatory reaction might be beneficial for treatment of the disease. There are increasing data that phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4)-selective inhibitors, which may elevate cellular cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) level, could suppress inflammation. However, whether they could be used to treat IgG immune complex (IgG-IC)-associated ALI has not been determined. METHODS ALI is induced by treating mice with airway deposition of IgG immune complexes. Cellular cAMP concentrations are elevated by treating mice or macrophages with Rolipram/Roflumilast. The degree of pulmonary injury is reflected by lung permeability, leukocyte accumulation, histological change and expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators. 6-Bnz-cAMP and H-89 are used to regulate protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP is applied to activate exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Gene expressions are analyzed by real-time PCR, ELISA or Western blot. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription activities are estimated by measuring the luciferase productions. RESULTS IgG-IC-induced ALI is attenuated by the PDE4-selective inhibitor, which is due to reduced expressions of cytokine and chemokines. Interestingly, we find that cAMP downstream effector molecule PKA but not Epac is involved in negative regulation of IgG-IC-mediated pro-inflammatory mediators' productions. Mechanistically, activation of cAMP-PKA signal axis leads to inactivation of MAPK pathway, resulting in a decrease in C/EBP- and AP-1-mediated transcriptions of pro-inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that cAMP-PKA signal is involved in down-regulation of IgG-IC-associated inflammatory responses via down-regulating MAPK activation, which is critical for transcriptional activities of C/EBP and AP-1. Collectively, our experiments provide theoretical base for the potential application of PDE4-selective inhibitor to clinic for treatment of IgG-IC-related acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Huifang Tang
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of the State Food and Drug Administration of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmin Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
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Montoya-Durango D, Walter MN, Rodriguez W, Wang Y, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC, Maldonado C, Barve S, McClain CJ, Gobejishvili L. Dysregulated Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism in Alcohol-Associated Steatohepatitis: Implications for Novel Targeted Therapies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 37887031 PMCID: PMC10604143 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic nucleotides are second messengers, which play significant roles in numerous biological processes. Previous work has shown that cAMP and cGMP signaling regulates various pathways in liver cells, including Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and cellular components of hepatic sinusoids. Importantly, it has been shown that cAMP levels and enzymes involved in cAMP homeostasis are affected by alcohol. Although the role of cyclic nucleotide signaling is strongly implicated in several pathological pathways in liver diseases, studies describing the changes in genes regulating cyclic nucleotide metabolism in ALD are lacking. METHODS Male C57B/6 mice were used in an intragastric model of alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (ASH). Liver injury, inflammation, and fibrogenesis were evaluated by measuring plasma levels of injury markers, liver tissue cytokines, and gene expression analyses. Liver transcriptome analysis was performed to examine the effects of alcohol on regulators of cyclic AMP and GMP levels and signaling. cAMP and cGMP levels were measured in mouse livers as well as in livers from healthy human donors and patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). RESULTS Our results show significant changes in several phosphodiesterases (PDEs) with specificity to degrade cAMP (Pde4a, Pde4d, and Pde8a) and cGMP (Pde5a, Pde6d, and Pde9a), as well as dual-specificity PDEs (Pde1a and Pde10a) in ASH mouse livers. Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) 7 and 9, which are responsible for cAMP generation, were also affected by alcohol. Importantly, adenosine receptor 1, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, was significantly increased by alcohol. Adrenoceptors 1 and 3 (Adrb), which couple with stimulatory G protein to regulate cAMP and cGMP signaling, were significantly decreased. Additionally, beta arrestin 2, which interacts with cAMP-specific PDE4D to desensitize G-protein-coupled receptor to generate cAMP, was significantly increased by alcohol. Notably, we observed that cAMP levels are much higher than cGMP levels in the livers of humans and mice; however, alcohol affected them differently. Specifically, cGMP levels were higher in patients with AH and ASH mice livers compared with controls. As expected, these changes in liver cyclic nucleotide signaling were associated with increased inflammation, steatosis, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly implicate dysregulated cAMP and cGMP signaling in the pathogenesis of ASH. Future studies to identify changes in these regulators in a cell-specific manner could lead to the development of novel targeted therapies for ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montoya-Durango
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Mary Nancy Walter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Walter Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Department of Neuroscience Training, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA;
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA;
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (S.B.); (C.J.M.)
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (S.B.); (C.J.M.)
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (D.M.-D.); (M.N.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (C.M.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA; (S.B.); (C.J.M.)
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40290, USA
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Le Joncour A, Régnier P, Maciejewski-Duval A, Charles E, Barete S, Fouret P, Rosenzwajg M, Klatzmann D, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. Reduction of Neutrophil Activation by Phosphodiesterase 4 Blockade in Behçet's Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1628-1637. [PMID: 36862398 DOI: 10.1002/art.42486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis with inflammatory lesions mediated by cytotoxic T cells and neutrophils. Apremilast, an orally available small-molecule drug that selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), has been recently approved for the treatment of BD. We aimed to investigate the effect of PDE4 inhibition on neutrophil activation in BD. METHODS We studied surface markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production and molecular signature of neutrophils by transcriptome analysis before and after PDE4 inhibition. RESULTS Activation surface markers (CD64, CD66b, CD11b, and CD11c), ROS production, and NETosis were up-regulated in BD patient neutrophils compared to healthy donor neutrophils. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,021 significantly dysregulated neutrophil genes between BD patients and healthy donors. Among dysregulated genes, we found a substantial enrichment for pathways linked to innate immunity, intracellular signaling, and chemotaxis in BD. Skin lesions of BD patients showed increased infiltration of neutrophils that colocalized with PDE4. Inhibition of PDE4 by apremilast strongly inhibited neutrophil surface activation markers as well as ROS production, NETosis, and genes and pathways related to innate immunity, intracellular signaling, and chemotaxis. CONCLUSION We highlight key biologic effects of apremilast on neutrophils in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Joncour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Paul Régnier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, and Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maciejewski-Duval
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, and Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Charles
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, and Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Barete
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, and Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unit of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Fouret
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Anatomopathology, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Rosenzwajg
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, and Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, and Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Laboratoire d'excellence TRANSIMMUNOM, Paris, and Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris, France
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Mussen F, Broeckhoven JV, Hellings N, Schepers M, Vanmierlo T. Unleashing Spinal Cord Repair: The Role of cAMP-Specific PDE Inhibition in Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Boosting Regeneration after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098135. [PMID: 37175842 PMCID: PMC10179671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by severe neuroinflammation and hampered neuroregeneration, which often leads to permanent neurological deficits. Current therapies include decompression surgery, rehabilitation, and in some instances, the use of corticosteroids. However, the golden standard of corticosteroids still achieves minimal improvements in functional outcomes. Therefore, new strategies tackling the initial inflammatory reactions and stimulating endogenous repair in later stages are crucial to achieving functional repair in SCI patients. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger in the central nervous system (CNS) that modulates these processes. A sustained drop in cAMP levels is observed during SCI, and elevating cAMP is associated with improved functional outcomes in experimental models. cAMP is regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by its hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE). Growing evidence suggests that inhibition of cAMP-specific PDEs (PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8) is an important strategy to orchestrate neuroinflammation and regeneration in the CNS. Therefore, this review focuses on the current evidence related to the immunomodulatory and neuroregenerative role of cAMP-specific PDE inhibition in the SCI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Mussen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jana Van Broeckhoven
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Schepers M, Paes D, Tiane A, Rombaut B, Piccart E, van Veggel L, Gervois P, Wolfs E, Lambrichts I, Brullo C, Bruno O, Fedele E, Ricciarelli R, Ffrench-Constant C, Bechler ME, van Schaik P, Baron W, Lefevere E, Wasner K, Grünewald A, Verfaillie C, Baeten P, Broux B, Wieringa P, Hellings N, Prickaerts J, Vanmierlo T. Selective PDE4 subtype inhibition provides new opportunities to intervene in neuroinflammatory versus myelin damaging hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:1-22. [PMID: 36584795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by focal inflammatory lesions and prominent demyelination. Even though the currently available therapies are effective in treating the initial stages of disease, they are unable to halt or reverse disease progression into the chronic progressive stage. Thus far, no repair-inducing treatments are available for progressive MS patients. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies either targeting the destructive immunological demyelination or boosting endogenous repair mechanisms. Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we demonstrate that selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), a family of enzymes that hydrolyzes and inactivates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), reduces inflammation and promotes myelin repair. More specifically, we segregated the myelination-promoting and anti-inflammatory effects into a PDE4D- and PDE4B-dependent process respectively. We show that inhibition of PDE4D boosts oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) differentiation and enhances (re)myelination of both murine OPCs and human iPSC-derived OPCs. In addition, PDE4D inhibition promotes in vivo remyelination in the cuprizone model, which is accompanied by improved spatial memory and reduced visual evoked potential latency times. We further identified that PDE4B-specific inhibition exerts anti-inflammatory effects since it lowers in vitro monocytic nitric oxide (NO) production and improves in vivo neurological scores during the early phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast to the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast, the therapeutic dose of both the PDE4B-specific inhibitor A33 and the PDE4D-specific inhibitor Gebr32a did not trigger emesis-like side effects in rodents. Finally, we report distinct PDE4D isoform expression patterns in human area postrema neurons and human oligodendroglia lineage cells. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we confirmed that pde4d1/2 and pde4d6 are the key targets to induce OPC differentiation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that gene specific PDE4 inhibitors have potential as novel therapeutic agents for targeting the distinct disease processes of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dean Paes
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Piccart
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lieve van Veggel
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie E Bechler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Pauline van Schaik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Evy Lefevere
- Rewind Therapeutics NV, Gaston Geenslaan 2, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paul Wieringa
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium.
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8
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Kolb M, Crestani B, Maher TM. Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition: a potential novel strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220206. [PMID: 36813290 PMCID: PMC9949383 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0206-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment. Current therapies slow, but do not reverse or stop, disease progression and are associated with side-effects that can cause treatment delay or discontinuation. Most crucially, mortality remains high. There is an unmet need for more efficacious and better-tolerated and -targeted treatments for pulmonary fibrosis. Pan-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been investigated in respiratory conditions. However, the use of oral inhibitors can be complicated due to class-related systemic adverse events, including diarrhoea and headaches. The PDE4B subtype, which has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, has been identified in the lungs. Preferentially targeting PDE4B has the potential to drive anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects via a subsequent increase in cAMP, but with improved tolerability. Phase I and II trials of a novel PDE4B inhibitor in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have shown promising results, stabilising pulmonary function measured by change in forced vital capacity from baseline, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Further research into the efficacy and safety of PDE4B inhibitors in larger patient populations and for a longer treatment period is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France,INSERM, Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Corresponding author: Toby M. Maher ()
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9
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Moniot A, Braux J, Siboni R, Guillaume C, Audonnet S, Allart-Simon I, Sapi J, Tirouvanziam R, Gérard S, Gangloff SC, Velard F. Inhibition of Recruitment and Activation of Neutrophils by Pyridazinone-Scaffold-Based Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137226. [PMID: 35806233 PMCID: PMC9266889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory diseases, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are known to produce elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases. To limit ensuing exacerbated cell responses and tissue damage, novel therapeutic agents are sought. 4aa and 4ba, two pyridazinone-scaffold-based phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitors are compared in vitro to zardaverine for their ability to: (1) modulate production of pro-inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phagocytosis; (2) modulate degranulation by PMNs after transepithelial lung migration. Compound 4ba and zardaverine were tested in vivo for their ability to limit tissue recruitment of PMNs in a murine air pouch model. In vitro treatment of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PMNs with compounds 4aa and 4ba inhibited the release of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. PMNs phagocytic ability, but not ROS production, was reduced following treatment. Using a lung inflammation model, we proved that PMNs transmigration led to reduced expression of the CD16 phagocytic receptor, which was significantly blunted after treatment with compound 4ba or zardaverine. Using the murine air pouch model, LPS-induced PMNs recruitment was significantly decreased upon addition of compound 4ba or zardaverine. Our data suggest that new pyridazinone derivatives have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases by limiting tissue recruitment and activation of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moniot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Julien Braux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Renaud Siboni
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Christine Guillaume
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Sandra Audonnet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URCACyt, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Ingrid Allart-Simon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7312 ICMR, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (I.A.-S.); (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Janos Sapi
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7312 ICMR, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (I.A.-S.); (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stéphane Gérard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7312 ICMR, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (I.A.-S.); (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sophie C. Gangloff
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Frédéric Velard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-26-91-80-10
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10
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Fan T, Hou Y, Ge W, Fan T, Feng X, Guo W, Song X, Gao R, Wang J. Phosphodiesterase 4D promotes angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice via smooth muscle cell contraction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:81. [PMID: 35058564 PMCID: PMC8776755 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHypertension is a common chronic disease, which leads to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and its prevalence is increasing. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway participates in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 has been shown to regulate PKA activity via cAMP specific hydrolysis. However, whether PDE4-cAMP-PKA pathway influences hypertension remains unknown. Herein, we reveal that PDE4D (one of PDE4 isoforms) expression is upregulated in the aortas of experimental hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Furthermore, knockout of Pde4d in mouse smooth muscle cells (SMCs) attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension, arterial wall media thickening, vascular fibrosis and vasocontraction. Additionally, we find that PDE4D deficiency activates PKA-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to inhibit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1)-myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, relieving Ang II-induced SMC contraction in vitro and in vivo. Our results also indicate that rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, may be a potential drug for hypertension therapy.
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11
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Assessment of PDE4 Inhibitor-Induced Hypothermia as a Correlate of Nausea in Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121355. [PMID: 34943270 PMCID: PMC8698290 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Type 4 cAMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) comprise a family of four isoenzymes, PDE4A to D, that hydrolyze and inactivate the second messenger cAMP. Non/PAN-selective PDE4 inhibitors, which inhibit all four PDE4 subtypes simultaneously, produce many promising therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory or cognition- and memory-enhancing effects. However, unwanted side effects, principally, nausea, diarrhea, and emesis, have long hampered their clinical and commercial success. Targeting individual PDE4 subtypes has been proposed for developing drugs with an improved safety profile, but which PDE4 subtype(s) is/are actually responsible for nausea and emesis remains ill-defined. Based on the observation that nausea is often accompanied by hypothermia in humans and other mammals, we used the measurement of core body temperatures of mice as a potential correlate of nausea induced by PDE4 inhibitors in humans. We find that selective inactivation of any of the four PDE4 subtypes did not change the body temperature of mice, suggesting that PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia (and hence nausea in humans) requires the simultaneous inhibition of multiple PDE4 subtypes. This finding contrasts with prior reports that proposed PDE4D as the subtype mediating these side effects of PDE4 inhibitors and suggests that subtype-selective inhibitors that target any individual PDE4 subtype, including PDE4D, may not cause nausea. Abstract Treatment with PAN-PDE4 inhibitors has been shown to produce hypothermia in multiple species. Given the growing body of evidence that links nausea and emesis to disturbances in thermoregulation in mammals, we explored PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia as a novel correlate of nausea in mice. Using knockout mice for each of the four PDE4 subtypes, we show that selective inactivation of individual PDE4 subtypes per se does not produce hypothermia, which must instead require the concurrent inactivation of multiple (at least two) PDE4 subtypes. These findings contrast with the role of PDE4s in shortening the duration of α2-adrenoceptor-dependent anesthesia, a behavioral surrogate previously used to assess the emetic potential of PDE4 inhibitors, which is exclusively affected by inactivation of PDE4D. These different outcomes are rooted in the distinct molecular mechanisms that drive these two paradigms; acting as a physiologic α2-adrenoceptor antagonist produces the effect of PDE4/PDE4D inactivation on the duration of α2-adrenoceptor-dependent anesthesia, but does not mediate the effect of PDE4 inhibitors on body temperature in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that selective inhibition of any individual PDE4 subtype, including inhibition of PDE4D, may be free of nausea and emesis.
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12
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Singh D, Lea S, Mathioudakis AG. Inhaled Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Drugs 2021; 81:1821-1830. [PMID: 34731461 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, thereby reducing inflammation. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors aim to restrict systemic drug exposure to enhance the potential for clinical benefits (in the lungs) versus adverse events (systemically). The orally administered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces exacerbation rates in the subgroup of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a history of exacerbations and the presence of chronic bronchitis, but can cause PDE4 related adverse effects due to systemic exposure. CHF6001 is an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor, while inhaled ensifentrine is an inhibitor of both PDE3 and PDE4; antagonism of PDE3 facilitates smooth muscle relaxation and hence bronchodilation. These inhaled PDE inhibitors have both reported positive findings from early phase clinical trials, and have been well tolerated. Longer term trials are needed to firmly establish the clinical benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.
| | - Simon Lea
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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13
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Verrou KM, Vlachogiannis NI, Ampatziadis-Michailidis G, Moulos P, Pavlopoulos GA, Hatzis P, Kollias G, Sfikakis PP. Distinct transcriptional profile of blood mononuclear cells in Behçet's disease: insights into the central role of neutrophil chemotaxis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4910-4919. [PMID: 33493315 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both innate and adaptive immune responses are reportedly increased in Behçet's disease (BD), a chronic, relapsing systemic vasculitis lying at the intersection between autoinflammation and autoimmunity. To further study pathophysiologic molecular mechanisms operating in BD, we searched for transcriptome-wide changes in blood mononuclear cells from these patients. METHODS We performed 3' mRNA next-generation sequencing-based genome-wide transcriptional profiling followed by analysis of differential expression signatures, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, GO biological processes and transcription factor signatures. RESULTS Differential expression analysis clustered the transcriptomes of 13 patients and one healthy subject separately from those of 10 healthy age/gender-matched controls and one patient. Among the total of 17 591 expressed protein-coding genes, 209 and 31 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in BD vs controls by at least 2-fold. The most upregulated genes comprised an abundance of CC- and CXC-chemokines. Remarkably, the 5 out of top 10 upregulated biological processes involved leucocyte recruitment to peripheral tissues, especially for neutrophils. Moreover, NF-kB, TNF and IL-1 signalling pathways were prominently enhanced in BD, while transcription factor activity analysis suggested that the NF-kB p65/RELA subunit action underlies the observed differences in the BD transcriptome. CONCLUSION This RNA-sequencing analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from patients with BD does not support a major pathogenetic role for adaptive immunity-driven mechanisms, but clearly points to the action of aberrant innate immune responses with a central role played by upregulated neutrophil chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens
| | | | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming', Vari
| | - Georgios A Pavlopoulos
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming', Vari
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming', Vari
| | - George Kollias
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine.,Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens.,Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine.,Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens
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14
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Totani L, Amore C, Piccoli A, Dell'Elba G, Di Santo A, Plebani R, Pecce R, Martelli N, Rossi A, Ranucci S, De Fino I, Moretti P, Bragonzi A, Romano M, Evangelista V. Type-4 Phosphodiesterase (PDE4) Blockade Reduces NETosis in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702677. [PMID: 34566635 PMCID: PMC8456009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation is a key determinant of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Neutrophil-derived free DNA, released in the form of extracellular traps (NETs), significantly correlates with impaired lung function in patients with CF, underlying their pathogenetic role in CF lung disease. Thus, specific approaches to control NETosis of neutrophils migrated into the lungs may be clinically relevant in CF. We investigated the efficacy of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type-4 inhibitors, in vitro, on NET release by neutrophils from healthy volunteers and individuals with CF, and in vivo, on NET accumulation and lung inflammation in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PDE4 blockade curbed endotoxin-induced NET production and preserved cellular integrity and apoptosis in neutrophils, from healthy subjects and patients with CF, challenged with endotoxin, in vitro. The pharmacological effects of PDE4 inhibitors were significantly more evident on CF neutrophils. In a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection, aerosol treatment with roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, gave a significant reduction in free DNA in the BALF. This was accompanied by reduced citrullination of histone H3 in neutrophils migrated into the airways. Roflumilast-treated mice showed a significant improvement in weight recovery. Our study provides the first evidence that PDE4 blockade controls NETosis in vitro and in vivo, in CF-relevant models. Since selective PDE4 inhibitors have been recently approved for the treatment of COPD and psoriasis, our present results encourage clinical trials to test the efficacy of this class of drugs in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Concetta Amore
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Antonio Piccoli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Santo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Romina Pecce
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Martelli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Ranucci
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, S. Liberatore Hospital, Atri, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Virgilio Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
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15
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Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Aragon IV, Koloteva A, Spadafora D, Mneimneh W, Barrington RA, Richter W. Ablation of PDE4B protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury in mice by ameliorating the cytostorm and associated hypothermia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21797. [PMID: 34383981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired lung infections characterized by hyperinflammation, antibiotic resistance, and high morbidity/mortality. Here, we show that the genetic ablation of one cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 subtype, PDE4B, is sufficient to protect mice from acute lung injury induced by P aeruginosa infection as it reduces pulmonary and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as pulmonary vascular leakage and mortality. Surprisingly, despite dampening immune responses, bacterial clearance in the lungs of PDE4B-KO mice is significantly improved compared to WT controls. In wildtypes, P aeruginosa-infection produces high systemic levels of several cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, that act as cryogens and render the animals hypothermic. This, in turn, diminishes their ability to clear the bacteria. Ablation of PDE4B curbs both the initial production of acute response cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as their downstream signaling, specifically the induction of the secondary-response cytokine IL-6. This synergistic action protects PDE4B-KO mice from the deleterious effects of the P aeruginosa-induced cytostorm, while concurrently improving bacterial clearance, rather than being immunosuppressive. These benefits of PDE4B ablation are in contrast to the effects resulting from treatment with PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, which have been shown to increase bacterial burden and dissemination. Thus, PDE4B represents a promising therapeutic target in settings of P aeruginosa lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Domenico Spadafora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wadad Mneimneh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Barrington
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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16
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Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Chaves ADS, da Silva AYO, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Simões RL, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Silva PMRE, Martins MA, Silva AR, Carvalho VF. Glucagon Reduces Neutrophil Migration and Increases Susceptibility to Sepsis in Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633540. [PMID: 34295325 PMCID: PMC8290340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most common comorbidities observed in diabetic patients, associated with a deficient innate immune response. Recently, we have shown that glucagon possesses anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated if hyperglucagonemia triggered by diabetes might reduce the migration of neutrophils, increasing sepsis susceptibility. 21 days after diabetes induction by intravenous injection of alloxan, we induced moderate sepsis in Swiss-Webster mice through cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). The glucagon receptor (GcgR) antagonist des-his1-[Glu9]-glucagon amide was injected intraperitoneally 24h and 1h before CLP. We also tested the effect of glucagon on CXCL1/KC-induced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in mice. Neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro was tested using transwell plates, and the expression of total PKA and phospho-PKA was evaluated by western blot. GcgR antagonist restored neutrophil migration, reduced CFU numbers in the peritoneal cavity and improved survival rate of diabetic mice after CLP procedure, however, the treatment did no alter hyperglycemia, CXCL1/KC plasma levels and blood neutrophilia. In addition, glucagon inhibited CXCL1/KC-induced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity of non-diabetic mice. Glucagon also decreased the chemotaxis of neutrophils triggered by CXCL1/KC, PAF, or fMLP in vitro. The inhibitory action of glucagon occurred in parallel with the reduction of CXCL1/KC-induced actin polymerization in neutrophils in vitro, but not CD11a and CD11b translocation to cell surface. The suppressor effect of glucagon on CXCL1/KC-induced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro was reversed by pre-treatment with GcgR antagonist and adenylyl cyclase or PKA inhibitors. Glucagon also increased PKA phosphorylation directly in neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, glucagon impaired zymosan-A-induced ROS production by neutrophils in vitro. Human neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence to endothelial cells in vitro were inhibited by glucagon treatment. According to our results, this inhibition was independent of CD11a and CD11b translocation to neutrophil surface or neutrophil release of CXCL8/IL-8. Altogether, our results suggest that glucagon may be involved in the reduction of neutrophil migration and increased susceptibility to sepsis in diabetic mice. This work collaborates with better understanding of the increased susceptibility and worsening of sepsis in diabetics, which can contribute to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies for diabetic septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva Chaves
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loureiro Simões
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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The cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) controls β-adrenoceptor- and CFTR-dependent saliva secretion in mice. Biochem J 2021; 478:1891-1906. [PMID: 33944911 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Saliva, while often taken for granted, is indispensable for oral health and overall well-being, as inferred from the significant impairments suffered by patients with salivary gland dysfunction. Here, we show that treatment with several structurally distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, but not a PDE3 inhibitor, induces saliva secretion in mice, indicating it is a class-effect of PDE4 inhibitors. In anesthetized mice, while neuronal regulations are suppressed, PDE4 inhibition potentiates a β-adrenoceptor-induced salivation, that is ablated by the β-blocker Propranolol and is absent from homozygous ΔF508-CFTR mice lacking functional CFTR. These data suggest that PDE4 acts within salivary glands to gate saliva secretion that is contingent upon the cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of CFTR. Indeed, PDE4 contributes the majority of total cAMP-hydrolytic capacity in submandibular-, sublingual-, and parotid glands, the three major salivary glands of the mouse. In awake mice, PDE4 inhibitor-induced salivation is reduced by CFTR deficiency or β-blockers, but also by the muscarinic blocker Atropine, suggesting an additional, central/neuronal mechanism of PDE4 inhibitor action. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A-D. Ablation of PDE4D, but not PDE4A-C, produced a minor effect on saliva secretion, implying that while PDE4D may play a predominant role, PDE4 inhibitor-induced salivation results from the concurrent inactivation of multiple (at least two) PDE4 subtypes. Taken together, our data reveal a critical role for PDE4/PDE4D in controlling CFTR function in an in vivo model and in inducing salivation, hinting at a therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition for cystic fibrosis and conditions associated with xerostomia.
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18
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Xu JZ, Gong C, Xie ZF, Zhao H. Development of an Oncogenic Driver Alteration Associated Immune-Related Prognostic Model for Stage I-II Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:593022. [PMID: 33585210 PMCID: PMC7876383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) needs to be stratified for its heterogeneity. Oncogenic driver alterations such as EGFR mutation, ALK translocation, ROS1 translocation, and BRAF mutation predict response to treatment for LUAD. Since oncogenic driver alterations may modulate immune response in tumor microenvironment that may influence prognosis in LUAD, the effects of EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF alterations on tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Immune-related prognostic model associated with oncogenic driver alterations is needed. In this study, we performed the Cox-proportional Hazards Analysis based on the L1-penalized (LASSO) Analysis to establish an immune-related prognostic model (IPM) in stage I-II LUAD patients, which was based on 3 immune-related genes (PDE4B, RIPK2, and IFITM1) significantly enriched in patients without EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF alterations in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups individually according to the IPM defined risk score. The predicting ability of the IPM was validated in GSE31210 and GSE26939 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. High-risk was significantly associated with lower overall survival (OS) rates in 3 independent stage I-II LUAD cohorts (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the IPM defined risk independently predicted OS for patients in TCGA stage I-II LUAD cohort (P = 0.011). High-risk group had significantly higher proportions of macrophages M1 and activated mast cells but lower proportions of memory B cells, resting CD4 memory T cells and resting mast cells than low-risk group (all P < 0.05). In addition, the high-risk group had a significantly lower expression of CTLA-4, PDCD1, HAVCR2, and TIGIT than the low-risk group (all P < 0.05). In summary, we established a novel IPM that could provide new biomarkers for risk stratification of stage I-II LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhao Xu
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng-Fu Xie
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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19
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cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101433. [PMID: 33050657 PMCID: PMC7600246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cellular responses to extracellular signals is well established. Many years after discovery, our understanding of the intricacy of cAMP signaling has improved dramatically. Multiple layers of regulation exist to ensure the specificity of cellular cAMP signaling. Hence, disturbances in cAMP homeostasis could arise at multiple levels, from changes in G protein coupled receptors and production of cAMP to the rate of degradation by phosphodiesterases. cAMP signaling plays critical roles in metabolism, inflammation and development of fibrosis in several tissues. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a multifactorial condition ranging from a simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, which might lead to hepatocellular cancer. To date, there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD. Hence, identifying the targets for the treatment of ALD is an important undertaking. Several human studies have reported the changes in cAMP homeostasis in relation to alcohol use disorders. cAMP signaling has also been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of ALD. This review focuses on the role of cAMP in the pathobiology of ALD with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting cAMP signaling for the treatment of various stages of ALD.
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20
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McDonough W, Rich J, Aragon IV, Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Richter A, Koloteva A, Richter W. Inhibition of type 4 cAMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) in mice induces hypothermia via effects on behavioral and central autonomous thermoregulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114158. [PMID: 32702371 PMCID: PMC7606724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Type 4 cAMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) exert a number of promising therapeutic benefits, including potent anti-inflammatory, memory- and cognition-enhancing, metabolic, and antineoplastic effects. We report here that treatment with a number of distinct PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast and RS25344, but not treatment with the PDE3-selective inhibitor Cilostamide, induces a rapid (10-30 min), substantial (-5 °C) and long-lasting (up to 5 h) decrease in core body temperature of C57BL/6 mice; thus, identifying a critical role of PDE4 also in the regulation of body temperature. As little as 0.04 mg/kg of the archetypal PDE4 inhibitor Rolipram induces hypothermia. As similar or higher doses of Rolipram were used in a majority of published animal studies, most of the reported findings are likely paralleled by, or potentially impacted by hypothermia induced by these drugs. We further show that PDE4 inhibition affects central body temperature regulation and acts by lowering the cold-defense balance point of behavioral (including posture and locomotion) and autonomous (including cutaneous tail vasodilation) cold-defense mechanisms. In line with the idea of an effect on central body temperature regulation, hypothermia is induced by moderate doses of various brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitors, but not by similar doses of YM976, a PDE4 inhibitor that does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. Finally, to begin delineating the mechanism of drug-induced hypothermia, we show that blockade of D2/3-type dopaminergic, but not β-adrenergic, H1-histaminergic or opiate receptors, can alleviate PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia. We thus propose that increased D2/3-type dopaminergic signaling, triggered by PDE4 inhibitor-induced and cAMP-mediated dopamine release in the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus, is a significant contributor to PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Aris Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States.
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21
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McDonough W, Aragon IV, Rich J, Murphy JM, Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Koloteva A, Richter W. PAN-selective inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) induces gastroparesis in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:12533-12548. [PMID: 32738081 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001016rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) exert a number of promising therapeutic benefits, but adverse effects, in particular emesis and nausea, have curbed their clinical utility. Here, we show that PAN-selective inhibition of PDE4, but not inhibition of PDE3, causes a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of chow in the stomachs of mice fed ad libitum without changing the animals' food intake or the weight of their intestines, suggesting that PDE4 inhibition impairs gastric emptying. Indeed, PDE4 inhibition induced gastric retention in an acute model of gastric motility that traces the passage of a food bolus through the stomach over a 30 minutes time period. In humans, abnormal gastric retention of food is known as gastroparesis, a syndrome predominated by nausea (>90% of cases) and vomiting (>80% of cases). We thus explored the abnormal gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition in mice under the premise that it may represent a useful correlate of emesis and nausea. Delayed gastric emptying was produced by structurally distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, suggesting that it is a class effect. PDE4 inhibitors induced gastric retention at similar or below doses commonly used to induce therapeutic benefits (e.g., 0.04 mg/kg Rolipram), thus mirroring the narrow therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors in humans. YM976, a PAN-PDE4 inhibitor that does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier, induced gastroparesis only at significantly higher doses (≥1 mg/kg). This suggests that PDE4 inhibition may act in part through effects on the autonomic nervous system regulation of gastric emptying and that PDE4 inhibitors that are not brain-penetrant may have an improved safety profile. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A, B, C, and D. Selective ablation of any of these subtypes in mice did not induce gastroparesis per se, nor did it protect from PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced gastroparesis, indicating that gastric retention may result from the concurrent inhibition of multiple PDE4s. Thus, potentially, any of the four PDE4 subtypes may be targeted individually for therapeutic benefits without inducing nausea or emesis. Acute gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition is alleviated by treatment with the widely used prokinetic Metoclopramide, suggesting a potential of this drug to alleviate the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors. Finally, given that the cause of gastroparesis remains largely idiopathic, our findings open the possibility that a physiologic or pathophysiologic downregulation of PDE4 activity/expression may be causative in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
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22
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Tibbo AJ, Baillie GS. Phosphodiesterase 4B: Master Regulator of Brain Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051254. [PMID: 32438615 PMCID: PMC7291338 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are the only superfamily of enzymes that have the ability to break down cyclic nucleotides and, as such, they have a pivotal role in neurological disease and brain development. PDEs have a modular structure that allows targeting of individual isoforms to discrete brain locations and it is often the location of a PDE that shapes its cellular function. Many of the eleven different families of PDEs have been associated with specific diseases. However, we evaluate the evidence, which suggests the activity from a sub-family of the PDE4 family, namely PDE4B, underpins a range of important functions in the brain that positions the PDE4B enzymes as a therapeutic target for a diverse collection of indications, such as, schizophrenia, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function.
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23
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Phillips JE. Inhaled Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitors for Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:259. [PMID: 32226383 PMCID: PMC7080983 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PDE4 inhibitors can suppress a variety of inflammatory cell functions that contribute to their anti-inflammatory actions in respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast has been approved for use in a subset of patients with severe COPD with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. Use of systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitors has been limited by systemic side effects. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors have been considered as a viable alternative to increase tolerability and determine the maximum therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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24
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Rodriguez WE, Wahlang B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Vadhanam MV, Joshi-Barve S, Bauer P, Cannon R, Ahmadi AR, Sun Z, Cameron A, Barve S, Maldonado C, McClain C, Gobejishvili L. Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target for Alcoholic Liver Disease: From Bedside to Bench. Hepatology 2019; 70:1958-1971. [PMID: 31081957 PMCID: PMC6851418 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver-related mortality. There is still no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for ALD, and therefore, identifying therapeutic targets is needed. Our previous work demonstrated that ethanol exposure leads to up-regulation of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression, which compromises normal cAMP signaling in monocytes/macrophages and hepatocytes. This effect of ethanol on cAMP signaling contributes to dysregulated inflammatory response and altered lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether chronic alcohol consumption in humans alters hepatic PDE4 expression and cAMP signaling and whether inadequate cAMP signaling plays a pathogenic role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Our present work shows that expression of the PDE4 subfamily of enzymes is significantly up-regulated and cAMP levels are markedly decreased in hepatic tissues of patients with severe ALD. We also demonstrate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of roflumilast, a clinically available PDE4 inhibitor, on endotoxin-inducible proinflammatory cytokine production ex vivo in whole blood of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Moreover, we demonstrate that ethanol-mediated changes in hepatic PDE4 and cAMP levels play a causal role in liver injury in in vivo and in vitro models of ALD. This study employs a drug delivery system that specifically delivers the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram to the liver to avoid central nervous system side effects associated with this drug. Our results show that PDE4 inhibition significantly attenuates ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and injury through multiple mechanisms, including reduced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Increased PDE4 plays a pathogenic role in the development of ALD; hence, directed interventions aimed at inhibiting PDE4 might be an effective treatment for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E. Rodriguez
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yali Wang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Manicka V. Vadhanam
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Swati Joshi-Barve
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip Bauer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,EndoProtech, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert Cannon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Biology Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Biology Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Cameron
- Department of Surgery and Transplant Biology Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,EndoProtech, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig McClain
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA,,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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25
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Dunne AE, Kawamatawong T, Fenwick PS, Davies CM, Tullett H, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Direct Inhibitory Effect of the PDE4 Inhibitor Roflumilast on Neutrophil Migration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:445-453. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0065oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Dunne
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theerasuk Kawamatawong
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Fenwick
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri M. Davies
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Tullett
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Held F, Hoppe E, Cvijovic M, Jirstrand M, Gabrielsson J. Challenge model of TNF α turnover at varying LPS and drug provocations. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2019; 46:223-240. [PMID: 30778719 PMCID: PMC6529397 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism-based biomarker model of TNFα-response, including different external provocations of LPS challenge and test compound intervention, was developed. The model contained system properties (such as kt, kout), challenge characteristics (such as ks, kLPS, Km, LPS, Smax, SC50) and test-compound-related parameters (Imax, IC50). The exposure to test compound was modelled by means of first-order input and Michaelis–Menten type of nonlinear elimination. Test compound potency was estimated to 20 nM with a 70% partial reduction in TNFα-response at the highest dose of 30 mg·kg−1. Future selection of drug candidates may focus the estimation on potency and efficacy by applying the selected structure consisting of TNFα system and LPS challenge characteristics. A related aim was to demonstrate how an exploratory (graphical) analysis may guide us to a tentative model structure, which enables us to better understand target biology. The analysis demonstrated how to tackle a biomarker with a baseline below the limit of detection. Repeated LPS-challenges may also reveal how the rate and extent of replenishment of TNFα pools occur. Lack of LPS exposure-time courses was solved by including a biophase model, with the underlying assumption that TNFα-response time courses, as such, contain kinetic information. A transduction type of model with non-linear stimulation of TNFα release was finally selected. Typical features of a challenge experiment were shown by means of model simulations. Experimental shortcomings of present and published designs are identified and discussed. The final model coupled to suggested guidance rules may serve as a general basis for the collection and analysis of pharmacological challenge data of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Held
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre, Chalmers Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Marija Cvijovic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Jirstrand
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre, Chalmers Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gabrielsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Zuo H, Han B, Poppinga WJ, Ringnalda L, Kistemaker LEM, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Nikolaev VO, Schmidt M. Cigarette smoke up-regulates PDE3 and PDE4 to decrease cAMP in airway cells. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2988-3006. [PMID: 29722436 PMCID: PMC6016635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE cAMP is a central second messenger that broadly regulates cell function and can underpin pathophysiology. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a lung disease primarily provoked by cigarette smoke (CS), the activation of cAMP-dependent pathways, via inhibition of hydrolyzing PDEs, is a major therapeutic strategy. Mechanisms that disrupt cAMP signalling in airway cells, in particular regulation of endogenous PDEs, are poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based cAMP biosensor in mice in vivo, ex vivo precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and in human cell models, in vitro, to track the effects of CS exposure. KEY RESULTS Under fenoterol stimulation, FRET responses to cilostamide were significantly increased in in vivo, ex vivo PCLS exposed to CS and in human airway smooth muscle cells exposed to CS extract. FRET signals to rolipram were only increased in the in vivo CS model. Under basal conditions, FRET responses to cilostamide and rolipram were significantly increased in in vivo, ex vivo PCLS exposed to CS. Elevated FRET signals to rolipram correlated with a protein up-regulation of PDE4 subtypes. In ex vivo PCLS exposed to CS extract, rolipram reversed down-regulation of ciliary beating frequency, whereas only cilostamide significantly increased airway relaxation of methacholine pre-contracted airways. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Exposure to CS, in vitro or in vivo, up-regulated expression and activity of both PDE3 and PDE4, which affected real-time cAMP dynamics. These mechanisms determine the availability of cAMP and can contribute to CS-induced pulmonary pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred J Poppinga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Ringnalda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Moussa BA, El-Zaher AA, El-Ashrey MK, Fouad MA. Synthesis and molecular docking of new roflumilast analogues as preferential-selective potent PDE-4B inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic profile. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:477-486. [PMID: 29477888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we designed and synthesized new roflumilast analogues with preferential-selective PDE-4B inhibition activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties. The unsubstituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl and -6-yl benzamide derivatives (4a and 6a) showed both good potency and preferential selectivity for PDE-4B. More remarkably, 6c revealed 6 times preferential PDE-4B/4D selectivity with a significant increase of in vitro cAMP and good % inhibition of TNF-α concentration. In addition, the in vitro pharmacokinetics of 6c showed good metabolic stability with in vitro CLint (5.67 mL/min/kg) and moderate % plasma protein binding (53.71%). This was reflected onto increased in vivo exposure with a half-life greater than roflumilast by 3 folds (21 h) and a Cmax value of 113.958 ng/mL. Molecular docking attributed its good activity to its key binding interactions in PDE-4B active site with additional hydrogen bonding with amino acids lining the metal pocket. Summing up, 6c can be considered as suitable candidate for further investigation for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia A Moussa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Schett G, Lories RJ, D'Agostino MA, Elewaut D, Kirkham B, Soriano ER, McGonagle D. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:731-741. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wilson NM, Gurney ME, Dietrich WD, Atkins CM. Therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition after traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178013. [PMID: 28542295 PMCID: PMC5438188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a deleterious inflammatory response that exacerbates pathology and worsens outcome. This inflammatory response is partially mediated by a reduction in cAMP and a concomitant upregulation of cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) acutely after TBI. The PDE4B subfamily, specifically PDE4B2, has been found to regulate cAMP in inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and microglia. To determine if PDE4B regulates inflammation and subsequent pathology after TBI, adult male Sprague Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury (2 ± 0.2 atm) and were then treated with a PDE4B - selective inhibitor, A33, or vehicle for up to 3 days post-surgery. Treatment with A33 reduced markers of microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration at 3 and 24 hrs after TBI, respectively. A33 treatment also reduced cortical contusion volume at 3 days post-injury. To determine whether this treatment paradigm attenuated TBI-induced behavioral deficits, animals were evaluated over a period of 6 weeks after surgery for forelimb placement asymmetry, contextual fear conditioning, water maze performance and spatial working memory. A33 treatment significantly improved contextual fear conditioning and water maze retention at 24 hrs post-training. However, this treatment did not rescue sensorimotor or working memory deficits. At 2 months after surgery, atrophy and neuronal loss were measured. A33 treatment significantly reduced neuronal loss in the pericontusional cortex and hippocampal CA3 region. This treatment paradigm also reduced cortical, but not hippocampal, atrophy. Overall, these results suggest that acute PDE4B inhibition may be a viable treatment to reduce inflammation, pathology and memory deficits after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Wilson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Coleen M. Atkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Oehrl S, Prakash H, Ebling A, Trenkler N, Wölbing P, Kunze A, Döbel T, Schmitz M, Enk A, Schäkel K. The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast inhibits Th1 but promotes Th17 responses induced by 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan) dendritic cells. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:110-115. [PMID: 28499587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor apremilast increases cellular cAMP levels and has proven effective in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis. We recently described 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs) as immature DCs in blood and as a subset of inflammatory dermal DCs in psoriasis with a pronounced capacity to produce proinflammatory cytokines and to program Th17/Th1 T cell responses. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate possible immune regulatory effects of the PDE4 inhibitor apremilast on slanDCs. METHODS In vitro studies were performed analyzing the effects of apremilast on the proinflammatory function of slanDCs and their capacity to induce Th1/Th17-biased T cell responses. RESULTS Increasing cAMP levels in slanDCs by PDE4 inhibition strongly reduced production of IL-12 and TNF-α. In line with these findings, co-culture experiments with apremilast-pulsed slanDCs and allogeneic T cells either from psoriasis patients or healthy controls, revealed a significant reduction of IFN-γ production and expression of the transcription factor T-bet. In parallel, production of IL-23 and IL-1ß by slanDCs was increased and co-cultured T cells revealed a largely augmented IL-17 production and an upregulated RORyt expression. CONCLUSIONS We here demonstrate anti-inflammatory as well as Th17-promoting effects of apremilast when studying blood precursors of human inflammatory dermal dendritic cells. In the concert of the broad anti-inflammatory effects of apremilast on keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, the dual effect on slan+ inflammatory dermal DCs should be taken into account and may constrain therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Oehrl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Annette Ebling
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina Trenkler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priscila Wölbing
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Döbel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Knott EP, Assi M, Rao SNR, Ghosh M, Pearse DD. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuroprotection and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E696. [PMID: 28338622 PMCID: PMC5412282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide diversity of perturbations of the central nervous system (CNS) result in structural damage to the neuroarchitecture and cellular defects, which in turn are accompanied by neurological dysfunction and abortive endogenous neurorepair. Altering intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and immune regulation, neural cell death, axon plasticity and remyelination has shown therapeutic benefit in experimental models of neurological disease and trauma. The second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), are two such intracellular signaling targets, the elevation of which has produced beneficial cellular effects within a range of CNS pathologies. The only known negative regulators of cyclic nucleotides are a family of enzymes called phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or guanylate monophosphate (GMP). Herein, we discuss the structure and physiological function as well as the roles PDEs play in pathological processes of the diseased or injured CNS. Further we review the approaches that have been employed therapeutically in experimental paradigms to block PDE expression or activity and in turn elevate cyclic nucleotide levels to mediate neuroprotection or neurorepair as well as discuss both the translational pathway and current limitations in moving new PDE-targeted therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Knott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Mazen Assi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Sudheendra N R Rao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Neuroscience Program, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Bruce Wayne Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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33
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Rasti B, Schaduangrat N, Shahangian SS, Nantasenamat C. Exploring the origin of phosphodiesterase inhibition via proteochemometric modeling. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A proteochemometric study of a set of phosphodiesterase 4B and 4D inhibitors sheds light on the origin of their inhibition and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rasti
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Basic Sciences
- Lahijan Branch
- Islamic Azad University (IAU)
- Lahijan
| | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - S. Shirin Shahangian
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Guilan
- Rasht 41938-33697
- Iran
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
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34
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Zhang XY, Wan Q, Zhu DY. No Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism 56 (SNP56) in Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) Gene and Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of 15 Studies. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3820-3827. [PMID: 27759733 PMCID: PMC5083063 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the PDE4D gene were associated with several processes involved in the occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS). The association between specific PDE4D single-nucleotide polymorphism 56 (SNP56) and IS risk was initially identified via genome-wide association studies (GWAS), although the GWAS in different populations produced inconclusive results. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to better explain the association between PDE4D SNP56 and IS risk. Material/Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 1, 2015. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) based on the results from the heterogeneity tests. Results Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of 15 studies, involving 8731 IS patients and 10,756 controls. The results showed nonsignificant association between PDE4D SNP56 and IS risk (T vs. A: OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.88–1.15, P=0.90). Similarly, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was observed in Asian (T vs. A: OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.80–1.44, P=0.62) or European (T vs. A: OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.86–1.08, P=0.54) population. Moreover, funnel plots and Egger regression testing showed no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions In summary, current evidence suggested that PDE4D SNP56 might not be associated with an increased susceptibility to IS. However, this conclusion needs further validation by well-designed studies with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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35
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Martin N, Reid PT. The potential role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the management of asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:207-17. [PMID: 16696590 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200605030-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperreactivity. The course of the illness may be punctuated by exacerbations resulting in deterioration in quality of life and, in some cases, days lost from school or work. That asthma is common and increasingly prevalent magnifies the importance of any potential economic costs, and promoting asthma control represents an important public health agenda. While lifestyle changes represent a valuable contribution in some patients, the majority of asthmatic patients require therapeutic intervention. The recognition of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma has led to an emphasis on regular anti-inflammatory therapy, of which inhaled corticosteroid treatment remains the most superior. In selected patients, further improvements in asthma control may be gained by the addition of regular inhaled long-acting beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists or oral leukotriene receptor antagonists to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. However, a significant minority of patients with asthma remain poorly controlled despite appropriate treatment, suggesting that additional corticosteroid nonresponsive inflammatory pathways may be operative. Furthermore, some patients with asthma display an accelerated decline in lung function, suggesting that active airway re-modeling is occurring. Such observations have focused attention on the potential to develop new therapies which complement existing treatments by targeting additional inflammatory pathways. The central role of phosphodiesterase (PDE), and in particular the PDE4 enzyme, in the regulation of key inflammatory cells believed to be important in asthma - including eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and airway smooth muscle - suggests that drugs designed to target this enzyme will have the potential to deliver both bronchodilation and modulate the asthmatic inflammatory response. In vivo studies on individual inflammatory cells suggest that the effects are likely to be favorable in asthma, and animal study models have provided proof of concept; however, first-generation PDE inhibitors have been poorly tolerated due to adverse effects. The development of second-generation agents such as cilomilast and roflumilast heralds a further opportunity to test the potential of these agents, although to date only a limited amount of data from human studies has been published, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Martin
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
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36
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Wilson NM, Titus DJ, Oliva AA, Furones C, Atkins CM. Traumatic Brain Injury Upregulates Phosphodiesterase Expression in the Hippocampus. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:5. [PMID: 26903822 PMCID: PMC4742790 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in significant impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. A molecule critically involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, is downregulated in the hippocampus after TBI, but the mechanism that underlies this decrease is unknown. To address this question, we determined whether phosphodiesterase (PDE) expression in the hippocampus is altered by TBI. Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury. Animals were analyzed by western blotting for changes in PDE expression levels in the hippocampus. We found that PDE1A levels were significantly increased at 30 min, 1 h and 6 h after TBI. PDE4B2 and 4D2 were also significantly increased at 1, 6, and 24 h after TBI. Additionally, phosphorylation of PDE4A was significantly increased at 6 and 24 h after TBI. No significant changes were observed in levels of PDE1B, 1C, 3A, 8A, or 8B between 30 min to 7 days after TBI. To determine the spatial profile of these increases, we used immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry at 24 h after TBI. PDE1A and phospho-PDE4A localized to neuronal cell bodies. PDE4B2 was expressed in neuronal dendrites, microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ immune cells. PDE4D was predominantly found in microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ immune cells. To determine if inhibition of PDE4 would improve hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits after TBI, we treated hippocampal slices with rolipram, a pan-PDE4 inhibitor. Rolipram partially rescued the depression in basal synaptic transmission and converted a decaying form of long-term potentiation (LTP) into long-lasting LTP. Overall, these results identify several possible PDE targets for reducing hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits and improving cognitive function acutely after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Wilson
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - David J Titus
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony A Oliva
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Concepcion Furones
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Coleen M Atkins
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
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37
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Totani L, Amore C, Di Santo A, Dell'Elba G, Piccoli A, Martelli N, Tenor H, Beume R, Evangelista V. Roflumilast inhibits leukocyte-platelet interactions and prevents the prothrombotic functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:191-204. [PMID: 26484898 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Thrombosis is a major comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for treatment of severe COPD. PDE4 blockade by roflumilast inhibits prothrombotic functions of neutrophils and monocytes. PDE4 inhibitors may reduce thrombotic risk in COPD as well as in other vascular diseases. BACKGROUND Roflumilast, an oral selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A recent meta-analysis of trials on COPD revealed that treatment with roflumilast was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of major cardiovascular events. The mechanisms of this effect remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that roflumilast N-oxide (RNO), the active metabolite of roflumilast, curbs the molecular mechanisms required for leukocyte-platelet (PLT) interactions and prevents the prothrombotic functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes (MNs). METHODS Using well-characterized in vitro models, we analysed the effects of RNO on: (i) PMN adhesiveness; (ii) the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); and (iii) tissue factor expression in MNs. Key biochemical events underlying the inhibitory effects of RNO were defined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In PMNs, RNO prevented phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473, and Src family kinase (SFK)-mediated Pyk2 phosphorylation on Tyr579-580, while inducing protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of C-terminal Src kinase, the major negative regulator of SFKs. Modulation of these signaling pathways by RNO resulted in a significant impairment of PMN adhesion to activated PLTs or human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mainly mediated by inhibition of the adhesive function of Mac-1. Moreover RNO curbed SFK/PI3K-mediated NET release by PMNs adherent on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. In MNs interacting with activated PLTs, RNO curbed PI3K-mediated expression of tissue factor. The efficacy of RNO was significantly potentiated by formoterol, a long acting β-adrenergic receptor agonist. This study reveals novel antithrombotic activities by which roflumilast may exert protective effects against cardiovascular comorbodities in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - C Amore
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - A Di Santo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - G Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - A Piccoli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - N Martelli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - H Tenor
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH, Glattpark-Opfikon, Switzerland
| | - R Beume
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH, Glattpark-Opfikon, Switzerland
| | - V Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Guariento S, Bruno O, Fossa P, Cichero E. New insights into PDE4B inhibitor selectivity: CoMFA analyses and molecular docking studies. Mol Divers 2015; 20:77-92. [PMID: 26290462 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PDE4 inhibitors have been largely studied because of their promising therapeutic effects concerning inflammation and neurodegenerative dysfunctions, such as depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's diseases. In this context, the PDE4B isoform proved to be particularly involved in the activation of inflammatory responses, while the PDE4D subfamily is more associated with neuropathologies. The clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors was restricted by the presence of prominent side effects probably due to their non-specific action across the different isoforms. Therefore, this work deals with the development of 3D-QSAR models, supported by molecular docking studies, to identify the key requirements underlying selective PDE4B or PDE4D inhibition. The results highlighted the ligand-based approach as a promising tool to guide the rational design of novel PDE4 inhibitors endowed with high affinity and selectivity profiles. The alignment of compound 1-85 and the model A statistical results are depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guariento
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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39
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Titus DJ, Oliva AA, Wilson NM, Atkins CM. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics for traumatic brain injury. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:332-42. [PMID: 25159077 DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140826113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing therapeutics for traumatic brain injury remains a challenge for all stages of recovery. The pathological features of traumatic brain injury are diverse, and it remains an obstacle to be able to target the wide range of pathologies that vary between traumatic brain injured patients and that evolve during recovery. One promising therapeutic avenue is to target the second messengers cAMP and cGMP with phosphodiesterase inhibitors due to their broad effects within the nervous system. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have the capability to target different injury mechanisms throughout the time course of recovery after brain injury. Inflammation and neuronal death are early targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and synaptic dysfunction and circuitry remodeling are late potential targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review will discuss how signaling through cyclic nucleotides contributes to the pathology of traumatic brain injury in the acute and chronic stages of recovery. We will review our current knowledge of the successes and challenges of using phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and conclude with important considerations in developing phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics for brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Coleen M Atkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide associated with a high mortality rate, yet, there are no effective treatments for PQ poisoning. PQ may damage alveolar type II cells leading to moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present study was undertaken to show that PQ causes alveolar type II (A549) cell death and to evaluate whether chloroquine (CQ) can protect A549 cells against PQ-induced cell death. The results showed that high concentrations of PQ resulted in toxicity, as indicated by a decrease in cell viability. More importantly, for the first time, CQ was found to improve cell viability of PQ treated A549 cells. Moreover, our data demonstrated that CQ increased lysosome-associated membrane protein-1, lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and light chain-3 expressions, suggesting that the mechanism by which CQ rescues PQ-induced cytotoxicity may be through protection of the lysosomal membrane or up-regulation of autophagy. In conclusion, our study indicates that CQ may be used as a potential drug to rescue PQ-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Xu
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Zhong Wang
- b Beijing Tsinghua Hospital, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
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The unrecognized effects of phosphodiesterase 4 on epithelial cells in pulmonary inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121725. [PMID: 25909327 PMCID: PMC4409344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary inflammation is characterized by migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the different compartments of the lung, passing an endothelial and epithelial barrier. Recent studies showed evidence that phosphodiesterase (PDE)4-inhibitors stabilized endothelial cells. PDE4B and PDE4D subtypes play a pivotal role in inflammation, whereas blocking PDE4D is suspected to cause gastrointestinal side effects. We thought to investigate the particular role of the PDE4-inhibitors roflumilast and rolipram on lung epithelium. Acute pulmonary inflammation was induced by inhalation of LPS. PDE4-inhibitors were administered i.p. or nebulized after inflammation. The impact of PDE4-inhibitors on PMN migration was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Microvascular permeability, cytokine levels, and PDE4B and PDE4D expression were analyzed. In vivo, both PDE4-inhibitors decreased transendothelial and transepithelial migration even when administered after inflammation, whereas roflumilast showed a superior effect compared to rolipram on the epithelium. Both inhibitors decreased TNFα, IL6, and CXCL2/3. CXCL1, the strong PMN chemoattractant secreted by the epithelium, was significantly more reduced by roflumilast. In vitro assays with human epithelium also emphasized the pivotal role of roflumilast on the epithelium. Additionally, LPS-induced stress fibers, an essential requirement for a direct migration of PMNs into the alveolar space, were predominantly reduced by roflumilast. Expression of PDE4B and PDE4D were both increased in the lungs by LPS, PDE4-inhibitors decreased mainly PDE4B. The topical administration of PDE4-inhibitors was also effective in curbing down PMN migration, further highlighting the clinical potential of these compounds. In pulmonary epithelial cells, both subtypes were found coexistent around the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In these epithelial cells, LPS increased PDE4B and, to a lesser extend, PDE4D, whereas the effect of the inhibitors was prominent on the PDE4B subtype. In conclusion, we determined the pivotal role of the PDE4-inhibitor roflumilast on lung epithelium and emphasized its main effect on PDE4B in hyperinflammation.
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Cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 mediates synergistic induction of PDE4B by roflumilast and NTHi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1800-9. [PMID: 25831493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418716112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) plays a key role in regulating inflammation. Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)4-selective inhibitor, has recently been approved for treating severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with exacerbation. However, there is also clinical evidence suggesting the development of tachyphylaxis or tolerance on repeated dosing of roflumilast and the possible contribution of PDE4B up-regulation, which could be counterproductive for suppressing inflammation. Thus, understanding how PDE4B is up-regulated in the context of the complex pathogenesis and medications of COPD may help improve the efficacy and possibly ameliorate the tolerance of roflumilast. Here we show that roflumilast synergizes with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a major bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation, to up-regulate PDE4B2 expression in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Up-regulated PDE4B2 contributes to the induction of certain important chemokines in both enzymatic activity-dependent and activity-independent manners. We also found that protein kinase A catalytic subunit β (PKA-Cβ) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit were required for the synergistic induction of PDE4B2. PKA-Cβ phosphorylates p65 in a cAMP-dependent manner. Moreover, Ser276 of p65 is critical for mediating the PKA-Cβ-induced p65 phosphorylation and the synergistic induction of PDE4B2. Collectively, our data unveil a previously unidentified mechanism underlying synergistic up-regulation of PDE4B2 via a cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 and may help develop new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of PDE4 inhibitor.
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Moretto N, Caruso P, Bosco R, Marchini G, Pastore F, Armani E, Amari G, Rizzi A, Ghidini E, De Fanti R, Capaldi C, Carzaniga L, Hirsch E, Buccellati C, Sala A, Carnini C, Patacchini R, Delcanale M, Civelli M, Villetti G, Facchinetti F. CHF6001 I: a novel highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with robust anti-inflammatory activity and suitable for topical pulmonary administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 352:559-67. [PMID: 25576075 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the pharmacologic characterization of CHF6001 [(S)-3,5-dichloro-4-(2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(methylsulfonamido)benzoyloxy)ethyl)pyridine 1-oxide], a novel phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitor designed for treating pulmonary inflammatory diseases via inhaled administration. CHF6001 was 7- and 923-fold more potent than roflumilast and cilomilast, respectively, in inhibiting PDE4 enzymatic activity (IC50 = 0.026 ± 0.006 nM). CHF6001 inhibited PDE4 isoforms A-D with equal potency, showed an elevated ratio of high-affinity rolipram binding site versus low-affinity rolipram binding site (i.e., >40) and displayed >20,000-fold selectivity versus PDE4 compared with a panel of PDEs. CHF6001 effectively inhibited (subnanomolar IC50 values) the release of tumor necrosis factor-α from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, human acute monocytic leukemia cell line macrophages (THP-1), and rodent macrophages (RAW264.7 and NR8383). Moreover, CHF6001 potently inhibited the activation of oxidative burst in neutrophils and eosinophils, neutrophil chemotaxis, and the release of interferon-γ from CD4(+) T cells. In all these functional assays, CHF6001 was more potent than previously described PDE4 inhibitors, including roflumilast, UK-500,001 [2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-fluoro-N-((1S,4S)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzamido)cyclohexyl)nicotinamide], and cilomilast, and it was comparable to GSK256066 [6-((3-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-4-((3-methoxyphenyl)amino)-8-methylquinoline-3-carboxamide]. When administered intratracheally to rats as a micronized dry powder, CHF6001 inhibited liposaccharide-induced pulmonary neutrophilia (ED50 = 0.205 μmol/kg) and leukocyte infiltration (ED50 = 0.188 μmol/kg) with an efficacy comparable to a high dose of budesonide (1 μmol/kg i.p.). In sum, CHF6001 has the potential to be an effective topical treatment of conditions associated with pulmonary inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Moretto
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Paola Caruso
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Raffaella Bosco
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Gessica Marchini
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Fiorella Pastore
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Armani
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Gabriele Amari
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Eleonora Ghidini
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Renato De Fanti
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Carmelida Capaldi
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Laura Carzaniga
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Angelo Sala
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Chiara Carnini
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Maurizio Delcanale
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Gino Villetti
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R & D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy (N.M., P.C., R.B., G.M., F.P., E.A., G.A., A.R., E.G., R.D.F., Ca.C., L.C., Ch.C., R.P. M.D., M.C., G.V., F.F.); Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (E.H.); and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy (C.B., A.S.)
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Page CP. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 165:152-64. [PMID: 25532037 DOI: 10.1159/000368800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthines like theophylline have long been recognised as being effective drugs for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They are of interest as they possess both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity in the same molecule. Since the discovery of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the late 1950s, it has been suggested that xanthines work, in part, by acting as non-selective PDE inhibitors. However, it has also been suggested that the ability of xanthines to non-selectively inhibit PDEs contributes to their many unwanted side effects, thus limiting their use since the arrival of inhaled drugs with more favourable safety profiles. As our understanding of PDEs has improved over the last 30 years, and with the recognition that the distribution of different PDEs varies across different cell types, this family of enzymes has been widely investigated as targets for novel drugs. In particular, PDE3 in airway smooth muscle and PDE4 and PDE7 in inflammatory cells have been targeted to provide new bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. This review discusses the progress made in this field over the last decade in the development of selective PDE inhibitors to treat COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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Korhonen R, Hömmö T, Keränen T, Laavola M, Hämäläinen M, Vuolteenaho K, Lehtimäki L, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Attenuation of TNF production and experimentally induced inflammation by PDE4 inhibitor rolipram is mediated by MAPK phosphatase-1. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1525-36. [PMID: 23849041 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide PDE4 is expressed in several inflammatory and immune cells, and PDE4 catalyses the hydrolysis of cAMP to 5'AMP, down-regulating cAMP signalling in cells. MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is an endogenous p38 MAPK signalling suppressor and limits inflammatory gene expression and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a PDE4 inhibitor rolipram on MKP-1 expression and whether MKP-1 is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of rolipram. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of rolipram on TNF production was investigated in J774 mouse macrophage cell line and in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM) from wild-type (WT) and MKP-1(-/-) mice. We also investigated the effect of rolipram on carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in WT and MKP-1(-/-) mice. KEY RESULTS MKP-1 expression was enhanced by rolipram, by a non-selective PDE inhibitor IBMX and by a cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP in J774 cells and in PM. Enhanced MKP-1 mRNA expression by rolipram was reversed by a PKA inhibitor. Rolipram, IBMX and 8-Br-cAMP also inhibited TNF production in activated macrophages. Accordingly, rolipram inhibited TNF production in PMs from WT mice but, interestingly, not in PMs from MKP-1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, rolipram attenuated carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in WT but not in MKP-1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PDE4 inhibitor rolipram was found to enhance the expression of MKP-1, and MKP-1 mediated, at least partly, the anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4 inhibition. The results suggest that compounds that enhance MKP-1 expression and/or MKP-1 activity hold potential as novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Ahmad F, Murata T, Shimizu K, Degerman E, Maurice D, Manganiello V. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: important signaling modulators and therapeutic targets. Oral Dis 2014; 21:e25-50. [PMID: 25056711 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their intracellular concentrations and their biological effects. As these intracellular second messengers control many cellular homeostatic processes, dysregulation of their signals and signaling pathways initiate or modulate pathophysiological pathways related to various disease states, including erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute refractory cardiac failure, intermittent claudication, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psoriasis. Alterations in expression of PDEs and PDE-gene mutations (especially mutations in PDE6, PDE8B, PDE11A, and PDE4) have been implicated in various diseases and cancer pathologies. PDEs also play important role in formation and function of multimolecular signaling/regulatory complexes, called signalosomes. At specific intracellular locations, individual PDEs, together with pathway-specific signaling molecules, regulators, and effectors, are incorporated into specific signalosomes, where they facilitate and regulate compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and specific cellular functions. Currently, only a limited number of PDE inhibitors (PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 inhibitors) are used in clinical practice. Future paths to novel drug discovery include the crystal structure-based design approach, which has resulted in generation of more effective family-selective inhibitors, as well as burgeoning development of strategies to alter compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways by selectively targeting individual PDEs and their signalosome partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmad
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hansen RT, Conti M, Zhang HT. Mice deficient in phosphodiesterase-4A display anxiogenic-like behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2941-54. [PMID: 24563185 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a super family of enzymes responsible for the halting of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and may represent novel therapeutic targets for treatment of cognitive disorders. PDE4 is of considerable interest to cognitive research because it is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in the cognition-related brain regions. Recently, the functional role of PDE4B and PDE4D, two of the four PDE4 subtypes (PDE4A, B, C, and D), in behavior has begun to be identified; however, the role of PDE4A in the regulation of behavior is still unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to characterize the functional role of PDE4A in behavior. METHODS The role of PDE4A in behavior was evaluated through a battery of behavioral tests using PDE4A knockout (KO) mice; urine corticosterone levels were also measured. RESULTS PDE4A KO mice exhibited improved memory in the step-through-passive-avoidance test. They also displayed anxiogenic-like behavior in elevated-plus maze, holeboard, light-dark transition, and novelty suppressed feeding tests. Consistent with the anxiety profile, PDE4A KO mice had elevated corticosterone levels compared with wild-type controls post-stress. Interestingly, PDE4A KO mice displayed no change in object recognition, Morris water maze, forced swim, tail suspension, and duration of anesthesia induced by co-administration of xylazine and ketamine (suggesting that PDE4A KO may not be emetic). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PDE4A may be important in the regulation of emotional memory and anxiety-like behavior, but not emesis. PDE4A could possibly represent a novel therapeutic target in the future for anxiety or disorders affecting memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf T Hansen
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9137, USA
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Milara J, Lluch J, Almudever P, Freire J, Xiaozhong Q, Cortijo J. Roflumilast N-oxide reverses corticosteroid resistance in neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:314-22. [PMID: 24636089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid functions are markedly impaired in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast N-oxide (RNO) is the active metabolite of roflumilast approved as a treatment to reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with severe COPD. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the differential effects of RNO versus corticosteroids and their potential additive/synergistic effect in neutrophils from patients with COPD, thus providing scientific rationale for the combination of roflumilast with corticosteroids in the clinic. METHODS Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from patients with COPD (n = 32), smokers (n = 7), and healthy nonsmokers (n = 25). Levels of IL-8, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and biomarkers of glucocorticoid resistance were determined by using ELISA and RT-PCR. Neutrophils were incubated with dexamethasone (0.1 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L), RNO (0.1 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L), or the combination of 1 nmol/L RNO plus 10 nmol/L DEX and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or cigarette smoke extract 5%; levels of IL-8, MMP-9, and other biomarkers were measured at the end of the incubation period. RESULTS Peripheral neutrophils from patients with COPD showed a primed phenotype with an increased basal release of IL-8 and MMP-9 and expressed a corticosteroid resistance molecular profile characterized by an increase in phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and glucocorticoid receptor β expression and a decrease in HDAC activity and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 expression. RNO demonstrated robust anti-inflammatory effects on neutrophils from patients with COPD, reversing their resistance to corticosteroids. The combination of RNO and dexamethasone showed additive/synergistic effects, which were consistent with the reversal of corticosteroid-resistant molecular markers by RNO. CONCLUSION RNO reverses corticosteroid resistance and shows strong anti-inflammatory effects alone or in combination with corticosteroids on neutrophils from patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Clinical Research Unit (UIC), University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Lluch
- Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Almudever
- Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Julio Cortijo
- Clinical Research Unit (UIC), University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain; Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
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Totani L, Piccoli A, Dell'Elba G, Concetta A, Di Santo A, Martelli N, Federico L, Pamuklar Z, Smyth SS, Evangelista V. Phosphodiesterase type 4 blockade prevents platelet-mediated neutrophil recruitment at the site of vascular injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1689-96. [PMID: 24925970 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-neutrophil interactions play a key role in cardiovascular disease and inflammatory processes. Src family kinases mediate P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-Mac-1 cross talk necessary for firm platelet-neutrophil adhesion. Because Src family kinase activity can be regulated by cAMP-dependent pathways, in this work, we evaluated the role of phosphodiesterases in the signaling events that are required to sustain platelet-neutrophil interactions and neutrophil recruitment at the site of vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS In neutrophils exposed to P-selectin, selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition prevented Src family kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 on Tyr579/Tyr580. The effects of PDE4 inhibition required protein kinase A, likely through protein kinase A-mediated activation of COOH-terminal Src kinase, a major negative regulator of Src family kinases. PDE4, but not other phosphodiesterase inhibitors, reduced platelet-neutrophil conjugates as well as neutrophil firm adhesion on spread platelets under flow conditions. The effect of PDE4 inhibition on neutrophil adhesion was primarily mediated by downregulation of P-selectin-induced activation of Mac-1. In a murine model of endovascular injury, selective inhibition of PDE4 significantly reduced neutrophil recruitment at the site of vascular damage. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies PDE4 as a central node in the signaling network that mediates platelet-neutrophil adhesion and suggests that pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Antonio Piccoli
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Elba
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Amore Concetta
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Angelomaria Di Santo
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Nicola Martelli
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Zehra Pamuklar
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Susan S Smyth
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Virgilio Evangelista
- From the Department of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy (L.T., A.P., G.D., A.C., A.D.S., N.M., V.E.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, Lexington, KY (L.F., Z.P., S.S.S.); and VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.).
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50
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Maurice DH, Ke H, Ahmad F, Wang Y, Chung J, Manganiello VC. Advances in targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:290-314. [PMID: 24687066 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyse the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, thereby regulating the intracellular concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides, their signalling pathways and, consequently, myriad biological responses in health and disease. Currently, a small number of PDE inhibitors are used clinically for treating the pathophysiological dysregulation of cyclic nucleotide signalling in several disorders, including erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute refractory cardiac failure, intermittent claudication and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, pharmaceutical interest in PDEs has been reignited by the increasing understanding of the roles of individual PDEs in regulating the subcellular compartmentalization of specific cyclic nucleotide signalling pathways, by the structure-based design of novel specific inhibitors and by the development of more sophisticated strategies to target individual PDE variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Maurice
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L3N6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hengming Ke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jay Chung
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vincent C Manganiello
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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