1
|
Dai T, Zhao Z, Zhu T, Fei C, Nie L, Chen J. The anti-inflammatory role of zDHHC23 through the promotion of macrophage M2 polarization and macrophage necroptosis in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401626. [PMID: 38868779 PMCID: PMC11167447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger Asp-His-His-Cys motif-containing (zDHHC) proteins, known for their palmitoyltransferase (PAT) activity, play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes, including immune regulation. However, their non-palmitoyltransferase immunomodulatory functions and involvement in teleost immune responses remain underexplored. In this study, we systematically characterized the zDHHC family in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), identifying 22 members. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled that each of the 22 LczDHHCs formed distinct clusters with their orthologues from other teleost species. Furthermore, all LczDHHCs exhibited a highly conserved DHHC domain, as confirmed by tertiary structure prediction. Notably, LczDHHC23 exhibited the most pronounced upregulation following Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (P. plecoglossicida) infection of macrophage/monocyte cells (MO/MΦ). Silencing LczDHHC23 led to heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and diminished anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in MO/MΦ during infection, indicating its anti-inflammatory role. Functionally, LczDHHC23 facilitated M2-type macrophage polarization, as evidenced by a significant skewing of MO/MΦ towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype upon LczDHHC23 knockdown, along with the inhibition of MO/MΦ necroptosis induced by P. plecoglossicida infection. These findings highlight the non-PAT immunomodulatory function of LczDHHC23 in teleost immune regulation, broadening our understanding of zDHHC proteins in host-pathogen interactions, suggesting LczDHHC23 as a potential therapeutic target for immune modulation in aquatic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenjie Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cano I, Blaker E, Hartnell D, Farbos A, Moore KA, Cobb A, Santos EM, van Aerle R. Transcriptomic Responses to Koi Herpesvirus in Isolated Blood Leukocytes from Infected Common Carp. Viruses 2024; 16:380. [PMID: 38543746 PMCID: PMC10974277 DOI: 10.3390/v16030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV, CyHV-3) causes severe economic losses in carp farms. Its eradication is challenging due to the establishment of latency in blood leukocytes and other tissues. To understand the molecular mechanisms leading to KHV infection in leukocytes, common carp were bath-exposed to KHV at 17 °C. After confirming the presence of viral transcripts in blood leukocytes at ten days post infection, RNA-Seq was performed on peripheral blood leukocytes on the Illumina NovaSeq. KHV infection triggered a robust immune response mediated by pattern recognition receptors, mainly toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr5, tlr7, and tlr13), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor-like, galectin proteins, and lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 receptor 1. Enriched pathways showed increased mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and the activation of signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). KHV-infected leukocytes showed low production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione metabolism, high iron export and phagocytosis activity, and low autophagy. Macrophage polarization was deduced from the up-regulation of genes such as arginase non-hepatic 1-like, macrophage mannose receptor-1, crem, il-10, and il-13 receptors, while markers for cytotoxic T cells were observed to be down-regulated. Further work is required to characterise these leukocyte subsets and the molecular events leading to KHV latency in blood leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cano
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (E.B.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (R.v.A.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK;
| | - Ellen Blaker
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (E.B.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (R.v.A.)
| | - David Hartnell
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (E.B.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (R.v.A.)
| | - Audrey Farbos
- Biosciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK; (A.F.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Karen A. Moore
- Biosciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK; (A.F.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Adele Cobb
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (E.B.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (R.v.A.)
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK;
- Biosciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK; (A.F.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (E.B.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (R.v.A.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 4TH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pérez-Stuardo D, Frazão M, Ibaceta V, Brianson B, Sánchez E, Rivas-Pardo JA, Vallejos-Vidal E, Reyes-López FE, Toro-Ascuy D, Vidal EA, Reyes-Cerpa S. KLF17 is an important regulatory component of the transcriptomic response of Atlantic salmon macrophages to Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264599. [PMID: 38162669 PMCID: PMC10755876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the most important health problem facing Chilean Aquaculture. Previous reports suggest that P. salmonis can survive in salmonid macrophages by interfering with the host immune response. However, the relevant aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of P. salmonis have been poorly characterized. In this work, we evaluated the transcriptomic changes in macrophage-like cell line SHK-1 infected with P. salmonis at 24- and 48-hours post-infection (hpi) and generated network models of the macrophage response to the infection using co-expression analysis and regulatory transcription factor-target gene information. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 635 genes were differentially expressed after 24- and/or 48-hpi. The pattern of expression of these genes was analyzed by weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), which classified genes into 4 modules of expression, comprising early responses to the bacterium. Induced genes included genes involved in metabolism and cell differentiation, intracellular transportation, and cytoskeleton reorganization, while repressed genes included genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and RNA metabolism. To understand how these expression changes are orchestrated and to pinpoint relevant transcription factors (TFs) controlling the response, we established a curated database of TF-target gene regulatory interactions in Salmo salar, SalSaDB. Using this resource, together with co-expression module data, we generated infection context-specific networks that were analyzed to determine highly connected TF nodes. We found that the most connected TF of the 24- and 48-hpi response networks is KLF17, an ortholog of the KLF4 TF involved in the polarization of macrophages to an M2-phenotype in mammals. Interestingly, while KLF17 is induced by P. salmonis infection, other TFs, such as NOTCH3 and NFATC1, whose orthologs in mammals are related to M1-like macrophages, are repressed. In sum, our results suggest the induction of early regulatory events associated with an M2-like phenotype of macrophages that drives effectors related to the lysosome, RNA metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Moreover, the M1-like response seems delayed in generating an effective response, suggesting a polarization towards M2-like macrophages that allows the survival of P. salmonis. This work also contributes to SalSaDB, a curated database of TF-target gene interactions that is freely available for the Atlantic salmon community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pérez-Stuardo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Genómica Integrativa, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mateus Frazão
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Ibaceta
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Brianson
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Sánchez
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Genómica Integrativa, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - J. Andrés Rivas-Pardo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad De Las Américas, La Florida, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe E. Reyes-López
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Toro-Ascuy
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena A. Vidal
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He L, Zhao C, Xiao Q, Zhao J, Liu H, Jiang J, Cao Q. Profiling the Physiological Roles in Fish Primary Cell Culture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 38132280 PMCID: PMC10741176 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fish primary cell culture has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the physiological roles and responses of various cell types found in fish species. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements and applications of fish primary cell culture techniques, focusing on the profiling of physiological roles exhibited by fish cells in vitro. Fish primary cell culture involves the isolation and cultivation of cells directly derived from fish tissues, maintaining their functional characteristics and enabling researchers to study their behavior and responses under controlled conditions. Over the years, significant progress has been made in optimizing the culture conditions, establishing standardized protocols, and improving the characterization techniques for fish primary cell cultures. The review highlights the diverse cell types that have been successfully cultured from different fish species, including gonad cells, pituitary cells, muscle cells, hepatocytes, kidney and immune cells, adipocyte cells and myeloid cells, brain cells, primary fin cells, gill cells, and other cells. Each cell type exhibits distinct physiological functions, contributing to vital processes such as metabolism, tissue regeneration, immune response, and toxin metabolism. Furthermore, this paper explores the pivotal role of fish primary cell culture in elucidating the mechanisms underlying various physiological processes. Researchers have utilized fish primary cell cultures to study the effects of environmental factors, toxins, pathogens, and pharmaceutical compounds on cellular functions, providing valuable insights into fish health, disease pathogenesis, and drug development. The paper also discusses the application of fish primary cell cultures in aquaculture research, particularly in investigating fish growth, nutrition, reproduction, and stress responses. By mimicking the in vivo conditions in vitro, primary cell culture has proven instrumental in identifying key factors influencing fish health and performance, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable aquaculture practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Ju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Quanquan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.H.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blasweiler A, Megens HJ, Goldman MRG, Tadmor-Levi R, Lighten J, Groenen MAM, Dirks RP, Jansen HJ, Spaink HP, David L, Boudinot P, Wiegertjes GF. Symmetric expression of ohnologs encoding conserved antiviral responses in tetraploid common carp suggest absence of subgenome dominance after whole genome duplication. Genomics 2023; 115:110723. [PMID: 37804957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploids often experience subgenome dominance, with one subgenome showing higher levels of gene expression and greater gene retention. Here, we address the functionality of both subgenomes of allotetraploid common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by analysing a functional network of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) crucial in anti-viral immune defence. As an indicator of subgenome dominance we investigated retainment of a core set of ohnologous ISGs. To facilitate our functional genomic analysis a high quality genome was assembled (WagV4.0). Transcriptome data from an in vitro experiment mimicking a viral infection was used to infer ISG expression. Transcriptome analysis confirmed induction of 88 ISG ohnologs on both subgenomes. In both control and infected states, average expression of ISG ohnologs was comparable between the two subgenomes. Also, the highest expressing and most inducible gene copies of an ohnolog pair could be derived from either subgenome. We found no strong evidence of subgenome dominance for common carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Blasweiler
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, the Netherlands; Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
| | - H-J Megens
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - M R G Goldman
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - R Tadmor-Levi
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Lighten
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - M A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - R P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V., the Netherlands
| | - H J Jansen
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V., the Netherlands
| | - H P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - L David
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - P Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - G F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li K, Wei X, Li K, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang D, Yang J. Dietary restriction to optimize T cell immunity is an ancient survival strategy conserved in vertebrate evolution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:219. [PMID: 37470873 PMCID: PMC11071854 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances highlight a key role of transient fasting in optimizing immunity of human and mouse. However, it remains unknown whether this strategy is independently acquired by mammals during evolution or instead represents gradually evolved functions common to vertebrates. Using a tilapia model, we report that T cells are the main executors of the response of the immune system to fasting and that dietary restriction bidirectionally modulates T cell immunity. Long-term fasting impaired T cell immunity by inducing intense autophagy, apoptosis, and aberrant inflammation. However, transient dietary restriction triggered moderate autophagy to optimize T cell response by maintaining homeostasis, alleviating inflammation and tissue damage, as well as enhancing T cell activation, proliferation and function. Furthermore, AMPK is the central hub linking fasting and autophagy-controlled T cell immunity in tilapia. Our findings demonstrate that dietary restriction to optimize immunity is an ancient strategy conserved in vertebrate evolution, providing novel perspectives for understanding the adaptive evolution of T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nualart DP, Dann F, Oyarzún-Salazar R, Morera FJ, Vargas-Chacoff L. Immune Transcriptional Response in Head Kidney Primary Cell Cultures Isolated from the Three Most Important Species in Chilean Salmonids Aquaculture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:924. [PMID: 37508355 PMCID: PMC10376545 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Fish cell culture is a common in vitro tool for studies in different fields such as virology, toxicology, pathology and immunology of fish. Fish cell cultures are a promising help to study how to diagnose and control relevant viral and intracellular bacterial infections in aquaculture. They can also be used for developing vaccines and immunostimulants, especially with the ethical demand aiming to reduce and replace the number of fish used in research. This study aimed to isolate head kidney primary cell cultures from three Chilean salmonids: Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Oncorhynchus mykiss, and characterize the response to bacterial and viral stimuli by evaluating various markers of the innate and adaptive immune response. Specifically, the primary cell cultures of the head kidney from the three salmonids studied were cultured and exposed to two substances that mimic molecular patterns of different pathogens, i.e., Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (bacterial) and Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C). Subsequently, we determined the mRNA expression profiles of the TLR-1, TLR-8, IgM, TLR-5, and MHC II genes. Head kidney primary cell cultures from the three species grown in vitro responded differently to POLY I:C and LPS. This is the first study to demonstrate and characterize the expression of immune genes in head kidney primary cell culture isolated from three salmonid species. It also indicates their potential role in developing immune responses as defense response agents and targets of immunoregulatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Nualart
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Francisco Dann
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún-Salazar
- Laboratorio Institucional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soliman AM, Barreda DR. The acute inflammatory response of teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 146:104731. [PMID: 37196851 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is crucial to the immune responses of fish. The process protects the host from infection and is central to induction of subsequent tissue repair programs. Activation of proinflammatory signals reshapes the microenvironment within an injury/infection site, initiates leukocyte recruitment, promotes antimicrobial mechanisms and contributes to the resolution of inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators are primary contributors to these processes. Uncontrolled or persistent induction results in delayed tissue healing. The kinetics by which inducers and regulators of acute inflammation exert their actions is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of fish diseases and identifying potential treatments. Although, a number of these are well-conserved across, others are not, reflecting the unique physiologies and life histories of members of this unique animal group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amro M Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gervais O, Peñaloza C, Gratacap R, Papadopoulou A, Beltrán M, Henderson NC, Houston RD, Hassan MA, Robledo D. Understanding host response to infectious salmon anaemia virus in an Atlantic salmon cell line using single-cell RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:161. [PMID: 36991327 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) is an Orthomixovirus that represents a large problem for salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Current prevention and treatment methods are only partially effective. Genetic selection and genome engineering have the potential to develop ISAV resistant salmon stocks. Both strategies can benefit from an improved understanding of the genomic regulation of ISAV pathogenesis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing of an Atlantic salmon cell line to provide the first high dimensional insight into the transcriptional landscape that underpins host-virus interaction during early ISAV infection. RESULTS Salmon head kidney (SHK-1) cells were single-cell RNA sequenced at 24, 48 and 96 h post-ISAV challenge. At 24 h post infection, cells showed expression signatures consistent with viral entry, with genes such as PI3K, FAK or JNK being upregulated relative to uninfected cells. At 48 and 96 h, infected cells showed a clear anti-viral response, characterised by the expression of IFNA2 or IRF2. Uninfected bystander cells at 48 and 96 h also showed clear transcriptional differences, potentially suggesting paracrine signalling from infected cells. These bystander cells expressed pathways such as mRNA sensing, RNA degradation, ubiquitination or proteasome; and up-regulation of mitochondrial ribosome genes also seemed to play a role in the host response to the infection. Correlation between viral and host genes revealed novel genes potentially key for this fish-virus interaction. CONCLUSIONS This study has increased our understanding of the cellular response of Atlantic salmon during ISAV infection and revealed host-virus interactions at the cellular level. Our results highlight various potential key genes in this host-virus interaction, which can be manipulated in future functional studies to increase the resistance of Atlantic salmon to ISAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gervais
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Carolina Peñaloza
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Remi Gratacap
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Athina Papadopoulou
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mariana Beltrán
- Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen´s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen´s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Benchmark Genetics, 1 Pioneer Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Penicuik, EH26 0GB, UK
| | - Musa A Hassan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wcisel DJ, Dornburg A, McConnell SC, Hernandez KM, Andrade J, de Jong JLO, Litman GW, Yoder JA. A highly diverse set of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript (NILT) genes in zebrafish indicates a wide range of functions with complex relationships to mammalian receptors. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:53-69. [PMID: 35869336 PMCID: PMC9845131 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple novel immunoglobulin-like transcripts (NILTs) have been identified from salmon, trout, and carp. NILTs typically encode activating or inhibitory transmembrane receptors with extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. Although predicted to provide immune recognition in ray-finned fish, we currently lack a definitive framework of NILT diversity, thereby limiting our predictions for their evolutionary origin and function. In order to better understand the diversity of NILTs and their possible roles in immune function, we identified five NILT loci in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome, defined 86 NILT Ig domains within a 3-Mbp region of zebrafish (Danio rerio) chromosome 1, and described 41 NILT Ig domains as part of an alternative haplotype for this same genomic region. We then identified transcripts encoded by 43 different NILT genes which reflect an unprecedented diversity of Ig domain sequences and combinations for a family of non-recombining receptors within a single species. Zebrafish NILTs include a sole putative activating receptor but extensive inhibitory and secreted forms as well as membrane-bound forms with no known signaling motifs. These results reveal a higher level of genetic complexity, interindividual variation, and sequence diversity for NILTs than previously described, suggesting that this gene family likely plays multiple roles in host immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
| | - Sean C McConnell
- Section of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Hernandez
- Center for Translational Data Science and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Current Affiliation: Kite Pharma, Santa Monica, 90404, CA, USA
| | - Jill L O de Jong
- Section of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary W Litman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, St. Petersburg, 33701, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu J, Ma Y, Nie Y, Wang J, Feng G, Hao L, Huang W, Li Y, Liu Z. Functional Characterization of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Soluble FcγR Homolog in Response to Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213788. [PMID: 36430268 PMCID: PMC9699129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs) are key players in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) with their specific recognition of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin. Despite reports of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis in mammals, little is known about the effects of soluble FcγRs on the immune response. In this study, FcγRIα was cloned from the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (MsFcγRIα). Without a transmembrane segment or a cytoplasmic tail, MsFcγRIα was identified as a soluble form protein and widely distributed in the spleen, head kidney, and intestine. The native MsFcγRIα was detected in the serum of Nocardia seriolae-infected largemouth bass and the supernatants of transfected HEK293 cells. Additionally, it was verified that the transfected cells' surface secreted MsFcRIα could bind to largemouth bass IgM. Moreover, the expression changes of MsFcγRIα, Syk, and Lyn indicated that MsFcγRIα was engaged in the acute phase response to bacteria, and the FcγR-mediated phagocytosis pathway was activated by Nocardia seriolae stimulation. Furthermore, recombinant MsFcγRIα could enhance both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phagocytosis to Nocardia seriolae of leukocytes, presumably through the interaction of MsFcγRIα with a complement receptor. In conclusion, these findings provided a better understanding of the function of soluble FcγRs in the immune response and further shed light on the mechanism of phagocytosis in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yifan Nie
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei X, Wu Z, Zhang T, Lei Y, Chen M, Yang Y, Gao A, Guo Z, Ye J. Functional characterization of complement factor H in host defense against bacterial pathogen in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:114-126. [PMID: 36007831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complement factor H (CFH), a multifunctional soluble complement regulatory protein, can bind to a variety of pathogens and play a crucial role in host innate immune defense. To explore the functional characteristics of CFH (OnCFH) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), we cloned and characterized the open reading frame (ORF) of OnCFH in this study. The full-length of OnCFH ORF is 1359 bp, encoding 452 aa for a 48.85 kDa peptide, and its predicted structure containing six short complement-like repeats (SCRs). The analysis of tissue distribution showed that OnCFH was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest in the liver. Upon Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila stimuli in vivo and in vitro, OnCFH mRNA transcript was significantly upregulated in head kidney tissue as well as head kidney monocytes/macrophages. Further, the recombinant OnCFH protein ((r)OnCFH) could bind to pathogenic bacteria in a dose-dependent. Moreover, it got involved in the regulation of inflammation as well as phagocytosis of monocytes/macrophages. The knockdown of OnCFH remarkably decreased the amount of bacteria in the head kidney. In summary, our data demonstrated that OnCFH could participate in the immune response of Nile tilapia against bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Wei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhelin Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Tingyun Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Along Gao
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu S, Liu Q, Xiang X, Cui K, Zhao F, Mai K, Ai Q. Docosahexaenoic Acid Ameliorates the Toll-Like Receptor 22-Triggered Inflammation in Fish by Disrupting Lipid Raft Formation. J Nutr 2022; 152:1991-2002. [PMID: 35679100 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dietary DHA alleviates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-associated chronic inflammation in fish, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the role of Tlr22 in the innate immunity of large yellow croaker and investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA on Tlr22-triggered inflammation. METHODS Head kidney-derived macrophages of croaker and HEK293T cells were or were not pretreated with 100 μM DHA for 10 h prior to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation. We executed qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and lipidomic analysis to examine the impact of DHA on Tlr22-triggered inflammation and membrane lipid composition. In vivo, croakers (12.03 ± 0.05 g) were fed diets containing 0.2% [control (Ctrl)], 0.8%, and 1.6% DHA for 8 wk before injection with poly I:C. Inflammatory genes expression and rafts-related lipids and protein expression were measured in the head kidney. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or Student t test. RESULTS The activation of Tlr22 by poly I:C induced inflammation, and DHA diminished Tlr22-targeted inflammatory gene expression by 56-73% (P ≤ 0.05). DHA reduced membrane sphingomyelin (SM) and SFA-containing phosphatidylcholine (SFA-PC) contents, as well as lipid raft marker caveolin 1 amounts. Furthermore, lipid raft disruption suppressed Tlr22-induced Nf-κb and interferon h activation and p65 nuclear translocation. In vivo, expression of Tlr22 target inflammatory genes was 32-64% lower in the 1.6% DHA group than in the Ctrl group upon poly I:C injection (P ≤ 0.05). Also, the 1.6% DHA group showed a reduction in membrane SM and SFA-PC contents, accompanied by a decrease in caveolin 1 amounts, compared with the Ctrl group. CONCLUSIONS The activation of Tlr22 signaling depends on lipid rafts, and DHA ameliorates the Tlr22-triggered inflammation in both head kidney and head kidney-derived macrophages of croaker partially by altering membrane SMs and SFA-PCs that are required for lipid raft organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Qiangde Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang XY, Zhuo X, Cheng J, Wang X, Liang K, Chen X. PU.1 Regulates Cathepsin S Expression in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 12:819029. [PMID: 35069603 PMCID: PMC8766968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.819029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different morphologies have been detected in teleost macrophages. In this study, two macrophage cell lines were sub-cloned from a large yellow croaker head kidney cell line, LYCK. One type of sub-cloned cells was fusiform but the other was round, named LYC-FM and LYC-RM cells respectively, based on their morphologies. Both types showed the characteristics of macrophages, including expression of macrophage-specific marker genes, possession of phagocytic and bactericidal activities, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). The transcription factor PU.1, crucial for the development of macrophages in mammals, was found to exist in two transcripts, PU.1a and PU.1b, in large yellow croaker, and constitutively expressed in LYC-FM and LYC-RM cells. The expression levels of PU.1a and PU.1b could be upregulated by recombinant large yellow croaker IFN-γ protein (rLcIFN-γ). Further studies showed that both PU.1a and PU.1b increased the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS) by binding to different E26−transformation−specific (Ets) motifs of the CTSS promoter. Additionally, we demonstrated that all three domains of PU.1a and PU.1b were essential for initiating CTSS expression by truncated mutation experiments. Our results therefore provide the first evidence that teleost PU.1 has a role in regulating the expression of CTSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kexin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Z, Peng H, Han T, Jiang Z, Yuan J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang T. Pharmacological characterization and biological function of the interleukin-8 receptor, CXCR2, in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:441-450. [PMID: 34933090 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8 or C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, CXCL8) is a cytokine secreted by numerous cell types and is best known for its functional roles in inflammatory response by binding to specific receptors (the interleukin-8 receptors, IL-8Rs). From the transcriptomic data of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), we identified an IL-8R that is highly homologous to the functionally validated teleost IL-8Rs. The M. salmoides IL-8 receptor (MsCXCR2) was further compared with the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 subfamily by phylogenetic analysis. Briefly, the full-length CDS sequence of MsCXCR2 was cloned into the pEGFP-N1 plasmid, and the membrane localization of fusion expressing MsCXCR2-EGFP was revealed in HEK293 cells. To determine the functional interaction between IL-8 and MsCXCR2, secretory expressed Larimichthys crocea IL-8 (LcIL-8) was used to stimulate MsCXCR2 expressing cells. MsCXCR2 was demonstrated to be activated by LcIL-8, leading to receptor internalization, which was further revealed by the detection of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expressional distribution and variation of MsCXCR2 in healthy and Nocardia seriolae infected fish. Based on our findings, MsCXCR2 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, despite at different levels. Furthermore, gene expression was found to be significantly upregulated in the liver and head kidney of diseased fish. Collectively, our findings reveal the molecular activity of MsCXCR2 and indicate the functional involvement of this IL-8R in the immune response induced by N. seriolae in M. salmoides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Jining, Shandong, 273155, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhijing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Jieyi Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China.
| | - Tianming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang LL, Li CH, Chen J. Molecular characterization and chemotaxis assay of a CC motif chemokine ligand 25 from Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:563-574. [PMID: 34687884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CC motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) is a key chemokine that attracts various types of leukocytes, such as activated peritoneal macrophages. However, information on CCL25 in fish is limited. Here, a CCL25 gene (LjCCL25) was identified from Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), showing upregulation in multiple tissues against Vibrio harveyi infection. The recombinant LjCCL25 (rLjCCL25) only significantly induced the migration of monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ) both in vitro and in vivo, but didn't induce that of neutrophils or lymphocytes. Additionally, rLjCCL25 only induced migration of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated MO/MΦ (M1 type). Knockdown of Japanese sea bass CC chemokine receptor 9 (LjCCR9) expression in MO/MФ by RNA interference inhibited the LjCCL25-induced chemotaxis of resting and M1 type MO/MФ. Moreover, administration of 300 ng/g rLjCCL25 effectively increased the survival of V. harveyi-infected fish and decreased bacterial load. Our study demonstrates that LjCCL25 functions as an MO/MФ chemoattractant via LjCCR9 in Japanese sea bass against V. harveyi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xia YT, Cheng EHC, Xia YJ, Wu QY, Zhang LHL, Lin SY, Dong TTX, Qin QW, Wang WX, Tsim KWK. Characterization of a macrophagic-like cell line derived from rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens): An illustration of anti-inflammatory responses of the herbal extract of Scutellaria baicalensis. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Smith NC, Umasuthan N, Kumar S, Woldemariam NT, Andreassen R, Christian SL, Rise ML. Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709910. [PMID: 34484211 PMCID: PMC8415484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically important fish, both in aquaculture and in the wild. In vertebrates, macrophages are some of the first cell types to respond to pathogen infection and disease. While macrophage biology has been characterized in mammals, less is known in fish. Our previous work identified changes in the morphology, phagocytic ability, and miRNA profile of Atlantic salmon adherent head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) from predominantly “monocyte-like” at Day 1 of in vitro culture to predominantly “macrophage-like” at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, to further characterize these two cell populations, we examined the mRNA transcriptome profile in Day 1 and Day 5 HKLs using a 44K oligonucleotide microarray. Large changes in the transcriptome were revealed, including changes in the expression of macrophage and immune-related transcripts (e.g. csf1r, arg1, tnfa, mx2), lipid-related transcripts (e.g. fasn, dhcr7, fabp6), and transcription factors involved in macrophage differentiation and function (e.g. klf2, klf9, irf7, irf8, stat1). The in silico target prediction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using miRNAs known to change expression in Day 5 HKLs, followed by gene pathway enrichment analysis, supported that these miRNAs may be involved in macrophage maturation by targeting specific DEGs. Elucidating how immune cells, such as macrophages, develop and function is a key step in understanding the Atlantic salmon immune system. Overall, the results indicate that, without the addition of exogenous factors, the adherent HKL cell population differentiates in vitro to become macrophage-like.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Nardos T Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang M, Lu Z, Li F, Shi F, Zhan F, Zhao L, Li Y, Li J, Lin L, Qin Z. Escherichia coli induced ferroptosis in red blood cells of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:159-167. [PMID: 33017637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The red blood cells (RBCs) of fish make up around 95% of the total peripheral blood cells, and the long-held paradigm is that RBCs are mainly responsible for transporting oxygen. Previous studies have showed that the RBCs can be involved in the immune response against bacterial infection; however, this mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, we explored the structure of grass carp RBCs (GcRBCs). The results showed that the GcRBCs released a pseudopodia-like structure when grown in a 24-well plate, and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result showed that GcRBCs contained some organelle-like structures. To further verify the organelle-like structures might be the mitochondria and lysosome which similar to other immune cells, a fluorescent labeling assay was used to verify it. To decipher the antibacterial immunity of GcRBCs, transcriptomic profiling of grass carp RBCs after the incubation with E. coli was analyzed. The results showed that there were 4099 differently expressed genes (DEGs) of GcRBCs upon E. coli incubation, including 2041 up-regulated and 2058 down-regulated genes. In addition, to validate our transcriptomic data, we checked the expression of several cytokines, such as CCL4, CCL20, IL4, IL12 and IFN-α, and the results showed that all the selected gens were significantly up-regulated after E. coli incubation. Furthermore, E. coli incubation induced hemoglobin oxidation and increased the heme in GcRBCs, which further activated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), autophagy related genes 5 (ATG5), and ferritin. In contrast, E. coli incubation inhibited the expression of Ferroportin-1 (FPN1), which increased intracellular iron levels, induced Fenton reaction to release reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activated the ferroptosis signaling pathway in GcRBCs. Herein, we demonstrate that E. coli can induce teleost RBCs cell death through an iron-mediated ferroptosis pathway, which sheds new light on the interaction between bacteria and teleost RBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Fanbin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:123-139. [PMID: 33236349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well-defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cortisol Metabolism in Carp Macrophages: A Role for Macrophage-Derived Cortisol in M1/M2 Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238954. [PMID: 33255713 PMCID: PMC7728068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial not only for initiation of inflammation and pathogen eradication (classically polarized M1 macrophages), but also for inflammation inhibition and tissue regeneration (alternatively polarized M2 macrophages). Their polarization toward the M1 population occurs under the influence of interferon-γ + lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ + LPS), while alternatively polarized M2 macrophages evolve upon, e.g., interlukin 4 (IL-4) or cortisol stimulation. This in vitro study focused on a possible role for macrophage-derived cortisol in M1/M2 polarization in common carp. We studied the expression of molecules involved in cortisol synthesis/conversion from and to cortisone like 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 3. (11β-HSD2 and 3) and 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11b), as well as the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in M1 and M2 macrophages. Lastly, we analyzed how inhibition of these molecules affect macrophage polarization. In M1 cells, upregulation of gene expression of GRs and 11β-HSD3 was found, while, in M2 macrophages, expression of 11β-hsd2 was upregulated. Moreover, blocking of cortisol synthesis/conversion and GRs or PPARγ induced changes in expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10). Consequently, our data show that carp monocytes/macrophages can convert cortisol. The results strongly suggest that cortisol, via intracrine interaction with GRs, is important for IL-10-dependent control of the activity of macrophages and for the regulation of M1/M2 polarization to finally determine the outcome of an infection.
Collapse
|
22
|
Park Y, Zhang Q, Wiegertjes GF, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V. Adherent Intestinal Cells From Atlantic Salmon Show Phagocytic Ability and Express Macrophage-Specific Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580848. [PMID: 33178695 PMCID: PMC7593592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the intestinal immune system of fish is rather limited compared to mammals. Very little is known about the immune cells including the phagocytic cells in fish intestine. Hence, employing imaging flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, we studied adherent cells isolated from healthy Atlantic salmon. Phagocytic activity and selected gene expression of adherent cells from the distal intestine (adherent intestinal cells, or AIC) were compared with those from head kidney (adherent kidney cells, or AKC). Phagocytic activity of the two cell types was assessed based on the uptake of Escherichia coli BioParticlesTM. AIC showed phagocytic ability but the phagocytes were of different morphology compared to AKC. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that AIC expressed genes associated with macrophages, T cells, and endothelial cells. Heatmap analysis of selected genes indicated that the adherent cells from the two organs had apparently higher expression of macrophage-related genes. We believe that the adherent intestinal cells have phagocytic characteristics and high expression of genes commonly associated with macrophages. We envisage the possibilities for future studies on enriched populations of adherent intestinal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Park
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Qirui Zhang
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Smith NC, Wajnberg G, Chacko S, Woldemariam NT, Lacroix J, Crapoulet N, Ayre DC, Lewis SM, Rise ML, Andreassen R, Christian SL. Characterization of miRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Released From Atlantic Salmon Monocyte-Like and Macrophage-Like Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587931. [PMID: 33262769 PMCID: PMC7686242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-cell communication via transfer of molecular cargo including genetic material like miRNAs. In mammals, it has previously been established that EV-mediated transfer of miRNAs can alter the development or function of immune cells, such as macrophages. Our previous research revealed that Atlantic salmon head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) change their morphology, phagocytic ability and miRNA profile from primarily “monocyte-like” at Day 1 to primarily “macrophage-like” at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the miRNA cargo packaged in EVs released from these two cell populations. We successfully isolated EVs from Atlantic salmon HKL culture supernatants using the established Vn96 peptide-based pull-down. Isolation was validated using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. RNA-sequencing identified 19 differentially enriched (DE) miRNAs packaged in Day 1 versus Day 5 EVs. Several of the highly abundant miRNAs, including those that were DE (e.g. ssa-miR-146a, ssa-miR-155 and ssa-miR-731), were previously identified as DE in HKLs and are associated with macrophage differentiation and immune response in other species. Interestingly, the abundance relative of the miRNAs in EVs, including the most abundant miRNA (ssa-miR-125b), was different than the miRNA abundance in HKLs, indicating selective packaging of miRNAs in EVs. Further study of the miRNA cargo in EVs derived from fish immune cells will be an important next step in identifying EV biomarkers useful for evaluating immune cell function, fish health, or response to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nardos T Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - D Craig Ayre
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Stephen M Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Azeredo R, Machado M, Fontinha F, Fernández-Boo S, Conceição LEC, Dias J, Costas B. Dietary arginine and citrulline supplementation modulates the immune condition and inflammatory response of European seabass. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:451-463. [PMID: 32800985 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the modulatory effects of arginine and citrulline dietary supplementation on the immune condition and inflammatory response of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Four diets were manufactured: a control diet (CTRL) was formulated to meet the indispensable amino acids profile established for seabass. Based on this formulation, three other diets were supplemented with l-arginine at two different levels (0.5% and 1%, ARG1 and ARG2, respectively) and l-citrulline at 0.5% (CIT). Fish were fed these diets for 2 or 4 weeks under controlled conditions. At the end of 4 weeks, fish from all dietary treatments were intraperitoneally-injected with Photobacterium damselae piscicida and sampled after 4, 24 our 48 h. Immune status was characterized by a lymphocyte time-dependent decrease regardless of dietary treatment, whereas peroxidase values dropped in time in fish fed ARG1 and ARG2 and was lower at 4 weeks in fish fed ARG1 than in fish fed CTRL. Up-regulation of several genes was more evident in ARG1-and CIT-fed fish, though pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated by CIT dietary treatment. Following immune stimulation, seabass fed ARG1 showed a decrease in neutrophils and monocytes circulating numbers. On the other hand, expression of 17 selected immune and inflammatory responses genes was barely affected by dietary treatments. Based on the analyzed parameters, results suggest an active role of dietary arginine/citrulline supplementation in modulating immune defences that seem to translate into a suppressed immune repertoire, mostly at the cell response level. The observed changes due to citrulline dietary supplementation were in part similar to those caused by arginine, suggesting that citrulline might have been used by macrophages as an arginine precursor and then engaged in similar immune-impairment leading mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fontinha
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | | | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wentzel AS, Petit J, van Veen WG, Fink IR, Scheer MH, Piazzon MC, Forlenza M, Spaink HP, Wiegertjes GF. Transcriptome sequencing supports a conservation of macrophage polarization in fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13470. [PMID: 32778701 PMCID: PMC7418020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian macrophages can adopt polarization states that, depending on the exact stimuli present in their extracellular environment, can lead to very different functions. Although these different polarization states have been shown primarily for macrophages of humans and mice, it is likely that polarized macrophages with corresponding phenotypes exist across mammals. Evidence of functional conservation in macrophages from teleost fish suggests that the same, or at least comparable polarization states should also be present in teleosts. However, corresponding transcriptional profiles of marker genes have not been reported thus far. In this study we confirm that macrophages from common carp can polarize into M1- and M2 phenotypes with conserved functions and corresponding transcriptional profiles compared to mammalian macrophages. Carp M1 macrophages show increased production of nitric oxide and a transcriptional profile with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including il6, il12 and saa. Carp M2 macrophages show increased arginase activity and a transcriptional profile with increased anti-inflammatory mediators, including cyr61, timp2b and tgm2b. Our RNA sequencing approach allowed us to list, in an unbiased manner, markers discriminating between M1 and M2 macrophages of teleost fish. We discuss the importance of our findings for the evaluation of immunostimulants for aquaculture and for the identification of gene targets to generate transgenic zebrafish for detailed studies on M1 and M2 macrophages. Above all, we discuss the striking degree of evolutionary conservation of macrophage polarization in a lower vertebrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelieke S Wentzel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Petit
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter G van Veen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Rosenbek Fink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen H Scheer
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2332 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bottiglione F, Dee CT, Lea R, Zeef LAH, Badrock AP, Wane M, Bugeon L, Dallman MJ, Allen JE, Hurlstone AFL. Zebrafish IL-4-like Cytokines and IL-10 Suppress Inflammation but Only IL-10 Is Essential for Gill Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:994-1008. [PMID: 32641385 PMCID: PMC7416321 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces such as fish gills interface between the organism and the external environment and as such are major sites of foreign Ag encounter. In the gills, the balance between inflammatory responses to waterborne pathogens and regulatory responses toward commensal microbes is critical for effective barrier function and overall fish health. In mammals, IL-4 and IL-13 in concert with IL-10 are essential for balancing immune responses to pathogens and suppressing inflammation. Although considerable progress has been made in the field of fish immunology in recent years, whether the fish counterparts of these key mammalian cytokines perform similar roles is still an open question. In this study, we have generated IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B mutant zebrafish (Danio rerio) and, together with an existing IL-10 mutant line, characterized the consequences of loss of function of these cytokines. We demonstrate that IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B are required for the maintenance of a Th2-like phenotype in the gills and the suppression of type 1 immune responses. As in mammals, IL-10 appears to have a more striking anti-inflammatory function than IL-4-like cytokines and is essential for gill homeostasis. Thus, both IL-4/13 and IL-10 paralogs in zebrafish exhibit aspects of conserved function with their mammalian counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bottiglione
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher T Dee
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Robert Lea
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Leo A H Zeef
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Madina Wane
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Bugeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret J Dallman
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adam F L Hurlstone
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith NC, Christian SL, Woldemariam NT, Clow KA, Rise ML, Andreassen R. Characterization of miRNAs in Cultured Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney Monocyte-Like and Macrophage-Like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113989. [PMID: 32498303 PMCID: PMC7312525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are among the first cells to respond to infection and disease. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the process of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in mammals, less is known in teleost fish. Here, Atlantic salmon head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) were used to study the expression of miRNAs in response to in vitro culture. The morphological analysis of cultures showed predominantly monocyte-like cells on Day 1 and macrophage-like cells on Day 5, suggesting that the HKLs had differentiated from monocytes to macrophages. Day 5 HKLs also contained a higher percentage of phagocytic cells. Small RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis were applied to examine the miRNA diversity and expression. There were 370 known mature Atlantic salmon miRNAs in HKLs. Twenty-two miRNAs (15 families) were downregulated while 44 miRNAs (25 families) were upregulated on Day 5 vs. Day 1. Mammalian orthologs of many of the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs are known to regulate macrophage activation and differentiation, while the teleost-specific miR-2188, miR-462 and miR-731 were also DE and are associated with immune responses in fish. In silico predictions identified several putative target genes of qPCR-validated miRNAs associated with vertebrate macrophage differentiation. This study identified Atlantic salmon miRNAs likely to influence macrophage differentiation, providing important knowledge for future functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (N.C.S.); (K.A.C.)
| | - Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Nardos T. Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (N.T.W.); (R.A.)
| | - Kathy A. Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (N.C.S.); (K.A.C.)
| | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (N.C.S.); (K.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-709-864-7478
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (N.T.W.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dezfuli BS, Castaldelli G, Tomaini R, Manera M, DePasquale JA, Bosi G. Challenge for macrophages and mast cells of Chelon ramada to counter an intestinal microparasite, Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa). DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 138:171-183. [PMID: 32213665 DOI: 10.3354/dao03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thinlip mullet Chelon ramada is the most abundant mullet species found in the Comacchio lagoons (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy). Histological and ultrastructural sections of the intestine of C. ramada showed that over 83% of 48 mullets were infected with the intestinal parasite Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa). In histological sections, plasmodia of M. mugchelo containing mature spores were situated closer to mucosal folds and were surrounded by numerous mast cells (MCs). Mature spores, generally oval in shape, were observed in the paracellular space among the enterocytes or within them. Near the infected epithelial cells, several MCs, rodlet cells and few neutrophils occurred. In intestinal epithelium, large cells resembling macrophages, some with spores of M. mugchelo inside, were observed. These macrophage-like cells were foamy and possessed elongate striated granules. The number of MCs and macrophages in the intestinal epithelium was significantly higher in parasitized fish. In some parasitized intestines, portions of epithelium were displaced by spores, or the spores were observed inside the damaged enterocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of C. ramada infected or uninfected intestinal tissue revealed the presence of histamine, serotonin (5-HT), leu-enkephalin and inducible-nitric oxide synthase in epithelial macrophages. Several epithelial cells positive to proliferating cell-nuclear antigen were also observed in the proximity of the macrophages. The current study is the first to record the occurrence of intraepithelial macrophages which engulf myxozoan spores. A hypothesis on migration of spores from pancreas via intestinal wall to gut lumen is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wentzel AS, Janssen JJE, de Boer VCJ, van Veen WG, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF. Fish Macrophages Show Distinct Metabolic Signatures Upon Polarization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 32158446 PMCID: PMC7052297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in conditions ranging from host immune defense to tissue regeneration and polarize their functional phenotype accordingly. Next to differences in the use of L-arginine and the production of different cytokines, inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages are also metabolically distinct. In mammals, M1 macrophages show metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis, while M2 macrophages rely on oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy. The presence of polarized functional immune phenotypes conserved from mammals to fish led us to hypothesize that a similar metabolic reprogramming in polarized macrophages exists in carp. We studied mitochondrial function of M1 and M2 carp macrophages under basal and stressed conditions to determine oxidative capacity by real-time measurements of oxygen consumption and glycolytic capacity by measuring lactate-based acidification. In M1 macrophages, we found increased nitric oxide production and irg1 expression in addition to altered oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In M2 macrophages, we found increased arginase activity, and both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis were similar to control macrophages. These results indicate that M1 and M2 carp macrophages show distinct metabolic signatures and indicate that metabolic reprogramming may occur in carp M1 macrophages. This immunometabolic reprogramming likely supports the inflammatory phenotype of polarized macrophages in teleost fish such as carp, similar to what has been shown in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelieke S Wentzel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joëlle J E Janssen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter G van Veen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jalili M, Gerdol M, Greco S, Pallavicini A, Buonocore F, Scapigliati G, Picchietti S, Esteban MA, Rye M, Bones A. Differential Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Krill Meal, Soybean Meal, Butyrate, and Bactocell ® on the Gene Expression of Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E886. [PMID: 32019111 PMCID: PMC7037266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The head kidney is a key organ that plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the fish immune response and in the maintenance of endocrine homeostasis. Previous studies indicate that the supplementation of exogenous dietary components, such as krill meal (KM), soybean meal (SM), Bactocell® (BA), and butyrate (BU), can have a significant effect on the immune function of the head kidney. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential effect of these four dietary ingredients on the transcriptional profiles of the head kidney of the Atlantic salmon. This study revealed that just a small number of genes were responsive to the feeding regime after a long-term (12 weeks) treatment, and evidenced that the most significant alterations, both in terms of the number of affected genes and magnitude of changes in gene expression, were detectable in the BU- and KM-fed groups compared with controls, while the SM diet had a nearly negligible effect, and BA had no significant effects at all. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in the immune response and, in line with data previously obtained from pyloric caeca, major components of the complement system were significantly affected. These alterations were accompanied by an increase in the density of melanomacrophage centers in the KM- and SM-fed group and their reduction in the BU-fed group. While three types of dietary supplements (BU, KM, and SM) were able to produce a significant modulation of some molecular players of the immune system, the butyrate-rich diet was revealed as the one with the most relevant immune-stimulating properties in the head kidney. These preliminary results suggest that further investigations should be aimed towards the elucidation of the potential beneficial effects of butyrate and krill meal supplementation on farmed salmon health and growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jalili
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Morten Rye
- BioCore, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU―Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu F, Li MY, Chen J. D-dopachrome tautomerase from Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus) is a chemokine-like cytokine and functional homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Zool Res 2020; 41:39-50. [PMID: 31709785 PMCID: PMC6956724 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protein superfamily, is a newly described cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics. However, research on fish DDT remains limited. In this study, we identified a DDT homolog (LjDDT) from the Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Sequence analysis showed that LjDDT had typical sequence features of known DDT and MIF homologs and was most closely related to DDT of rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). LjDDT transcripts were detected in all tested tissues of healthy Japanese sea bass, with the highest expression found in the liver. Upon infection with Vibrio harveyi, LjDDT transcripts were significantly down-regulated in the three tested tissues, including the liver, spleen, and head kidney. Recombinant LjDDT (rLjDDT) and the corresponding antibody (anti-rLjDDT) were subsequently prepared. The administration of 100 μg/g anti-rLjDDT had a statistically significant protective effect on the survival of V. harveyi-infected fish. Moreover, rLjDDT was able to induce the migration of monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) and lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo, but without significant influence on the migration of neutrophils. rLjDDT exhibited chemotactic activity for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated M1-type MO/ MΦ in vitro, but not for cAMP-stimulated M2-type MO/MΦ. Furthermore, the knockdown of LjCD74, but not LjCXCR4, significantly down-regulated the rLjDDT-enhanced migration of MO/MΦ and relieved the rLjMIF-inhibited migration of MO/MΦ. These results indicate that LjCD74 may be the major chemotactic receptor of LjDDT and LjMIF in Japanese sea bass MO/MΦ. Combined rLjDDT+ rLjMIF treatment had no significant effect on the migration of MsiRNA, LjCD74si-, or LjCXCR4sitreated MO/MΦ compared to the control group, suggesting that the roles of LjDDT and LjMIF may be antagonistic. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that DDT may play a role in the immune responses of fish against bacterial infection through chemotactic recruitment of MO/MΦ via mediation of CD74 as an antagonist of MIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Ming-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China. E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Dietary Approaches to Attain Fish Health with Special Reference to their Immune System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4921-4931. [PMID: 30608037 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190104121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish despite their low collocation in the vertebrate phylum possess a complete immune system. In teleost fish both innate and adaptive immune responses have been described with melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) equivalent to mammalian germinal centers. Primary lymphoid organs are represented by the thymus and kidney, while spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues act as secondary lymphoid organs. Functions of either innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells) or adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) will be described in detail, even including their products, such as cytokines and antibodies. In spite of a robust immune arsenal, fish are very much exposed to infectious agents (marine bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses) and, consequentially, mortality is very much enhanced especially in farmed fish. In fact, in aquaculture stressful events (overcrowding), microbial infections very frequently lead to a high rate of mortality. With the aim to reduce mortality of farmed fish through the reinforcement of their immune status the current trend is to administer natural products together with the conventional feed. Then, in the second part of the present review emphasis will be placed on a series of products, such as prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, β-glucans, vitamins, fatty acids and polyphenols all used to feed farmed fish. With special reference to polyphenols, results of our group using red grape extracts to feed farmed European sea bass will be illustrated. In particular, determination of cytokine production at intestinal and splenic levels, areas of MMCs and development of hepatopancreas will represent the main biomarkers considered. All together, our own data and those of current literature suggests that natural product administration to farmed fish for their beneficial effects may, in part, solve the problem of fish mortality in aquaculture, enhancing their immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maciuszek M, Rydz L, Świtakowska I, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Chadzińska M. Effects of stress and cortisol on the polarization of carp macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:27-37. [PMID: 31465876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fish, myelopoiesis is maintained both in the head (HK) and trunk kidney (TK), but only the HK holds the endocrine cells that produce the stress hormone cortisol. We now compared the effects of prolonged restraint stress (in vivo) and cortisol (in vitro) on the polarization of HK and TK-derived carp macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages from both sources were treated in vitro with cortisol, lipopolysaccharide or with both factors combined. In vivo, fish were challenged by a prolonged restraint stress. Gene expression of several markers typical for classical M1 and alternative M2 macrophage polarization, as well as glucocorticoid receptors, were measured. Cells from both sources did not differ in the constitutive gene expression of glucocorticoid receptors, whereas they significantly differed in their response to cortisol and stress. In the LPS-stimulated HK monocytes/macrophages, cortisol in vitro counteracted the action of LPS while the effects of cortisol on the activity of TK monocytes/macrophages were less explicit. In vivo, restraint stress up-regulated gene expression of M2 markers in freshly isolated HK monocytes/macrophages, while at the same time it did not affect TK monocytes/macrophages. Moreover, LPS-stimulated HK monocytes/macrophages from stressed animals showed only minor differences in the gene expression of M1 and M2 markers, compared to LPS-treated monocytes/macrophages from control fish. In contrast, stress-induced changes in TK-derived LPS-treated cells were more pronounced. However, these changes did not clearly indicate whether in TK monocytes/macrophages stress will stimulate classical or alternative polarization. Altogether, our results imply that cortisol in vitro and stress in vivo direct HK, but not TK, monocytes/macrophages to the path of alternative polarization. These findings reveal that like in mammals, also in fish the glucocorticoids form important stimulators of alternative macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maciuszek
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Leszek Rydz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Iga Świtakowska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smith NC, Rise ML, Christian SL. A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2292. [PMID: 31649660 PMCID: PMC6795676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is composed of two subsystems-the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to pathogens and does not retain memory of previous responses. Innate immune responses are evolutionarily older than adaptive responses and elements of innate immunity can be found in all multicellular organisms. If a pathogen persists, the adaptive immune system will engage the pathogen with specificity and memory. Several components of the adaptive system including immunoglobulins (Igs), T cell receptors (TCR), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC), are assumed to have arisen in the first jawed vertebrates-the Gnathostomata. This review will discuss and compare components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in Gnathostomes, particularly in Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and in Osteichthyes [bony fish: the Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) and the Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)]. While many elements of both the innate and adaptive immune systems are conserved within these species and with higher level vertebrates, some elements have marked differences. Components of the innate immune system covered here include physical barriers, such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract, cellular components, such as pattern recognition receptors and immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils, and humoral components, such as the complement system. Components of the adaptive system covered include the fundamental cells and molecules of adaptive immunity: B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells), immunoglobulins (Igs), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Comparative studies in fish such as those discussed here are essential for developing a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang K, Feng S, Zhang S, Yin L, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. Characterization of a new il-4/13 homologue in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its cooperation with M-CSF to promote macrophage proliferation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:508-516. [PMID: 31352118 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new il-4/13 cDNA was isolated from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) using homologous cloning. The phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence showed that it was closer to grass carp il-4/13b (gcil-4/13b) than other homologues and therefore named gcil-4/13b-like (gcil-4/13bl). It has 399-nt coding sequence (CDS) which is less than gcil-4/13b (408 nt). In addition, the cloned gcil-4/13bl gene is approximately 1600 bp in length and has a conserved genetic structure consisting of four exons and three introns. Compared to gcil-4/13b gene, it has a variety of nucleotides variation across the CDS and contains a longer intron 3, suggesting that it is a new gcil-4/13 gene. The gcil-4/13bl transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in almost all selected tissues, and there was almost only gcil-4/13bl detected in brain and head kidney (HK). Recombinant grass carp (rgc) Il-4/13bl was prepared by using Escherichia coli (E. coli) Rosetta-gami 2 (DE3). The functional study demonstrated that rgcIl-4/13bl significantly upregulated arginase-2 gene expression and arginase activity, whilst downregulated nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the transcript levels of inducible nitric oxide synthesase (inos) and ifn-γ in freshly isolated grass carp HK monocytes/macrophages (M0/Mϕ). These data suggested that the newly cloned il-4/13bl had the conserved functions to activate M2-type but antagonize M1-type macrophages. Furthermore, rgcIl-4/13bl was able to drive the proliferation of M0/Mϕ which were pre-treated by rgcM-csf, indicating the involvement of gcIl-4/13bl in the proliferation of macrophages. Here we not only identified a new il-4/13-encoding gene in grass carp, but also for the first time revealed a novel function of fish Il-4/13 combined with M-csf engaging in M0/Mϕ proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hodgkinson JW, Belosevic M, Elks PM, Barreda DR. Teleost contributions to the understanding of mycobacterial diseases. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:111-125. [PMID: 30776420 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few pathogens have shaped human medicine as the mycobacteria. From understanding biological phenomena driving disease spread, to mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and antibiotic resistance, the Mycobacterium genus continues to challenge and offer insights into the basis of health and disease. Teleost fish models of mycobacterial infections have progressed significantly over the past three decades, now supplying a range of unique tools and new opportunities to define the strategies employed by these Gram-positive bacteria to overcome host defenses, as well as those host antimicrobial pathways that can be used to limit its growth and spread. Herein, we take a comparative perspective and provide an update on the contributions of teleost models to our understanding of mycobacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Hodgkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Infection and Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sieroslawska A, Rymuszka A. Assessment of the cytotoxic impact of cyanotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine on a fish immune cell line. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:214-221. [PMID: 31132739 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by several cyanobacteria species. It is considered to be a potent neurotoxin. Although its neurotoxic effects are well studied, other negative effects of BMAA have not yet been completely elucidated. In the present study, we studied the cytotoxic effects of a wide range of concentrations of BMAA (0.25-2.0 mM) on a stable fish immune cell line (CLC) obtained from carp monocytes. The cells exposed to higher concentrations of BMAA exhibited an altered morphology, changed ATP levels, and reduced proliferation. On the basis of toxic effects of BMAA on lysosomes, mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, and cell membrane integrity, we determined its cytotoxic concentrations. We also investigated effects of the toxin at non-cytotoxic concentrations on the basic functions of CLC cells. BMAA did not affect the production and release of IL-1β or phagocytic activity of the cells. However, higher non-toxic BMAA concentrations altered the levels of extracellular and intracellular total proteins compared to those in control cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sieroslawska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Rymuszka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Petit J, Embregts CWE, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF. Evidence of Trained Immunity in a Fish: Conserved Features in Carp Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:216-224. [PMID: 31127029 PMCID: PMC6571502 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory best described in mice and humans. Clear evidence of the evolutionary conservation of trained immunity in teleost fish is lacking. Given the evolutionary position of teleosts as early vertebrates with a fully developed immune system, we hypothesize that teleost myeloid cells show features of trained immunity common to those observed in mammalian macrophages. These would at least include the ability of fish macrophages to mount heightened responses to a secondary stimulus in a nonspecific manner. We established an in vitro model to study trained immunity in fish by adapting a well-described culture system of head kidney-derived macrophages of common carp. A soluble NOD-specific ligand and a soluble β-glucan were used to train carp macrophages, after which cells were rested for 6 d prior to exposure to a secondary stimulus. Unstimulated trained macrophages displayed evidence of metabolic reprogramming as well as heightened phagocytosis and increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines il6 and tnf-α. Stimulated trained macrophages showed heightened production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as compared with the corresponding stimulated but untrained cells. We discuss the value of our findings for future studies on trained immunity in teleost fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Petit
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Carmen W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands; and
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ouyang P, Yang R, Yin L, Geng Y, Lai W, Huang X, Chen D, Fang J, Chen Z, Tang L, He M, Huang C, Liu W, Wang K. Molecular characterization of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 encoded viral interleukin10. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:149-157. [PMID: 30926478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), a virus that encodes an interleukin10 (IL-10) homologue, causes severe economic losses to the common carp and koi culture industry. The present study was devoted to this IL-10 homologue. Recombinant viral IL-10 (vIL-10) protein encoded by CyHV-3 ORF134 gene using prokaryotic expression system was obtained successfully. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the amino acid sequence of CyHV-3 vIL-10 has low homology with other host IL-10 or viruses encoded IL-10s. However, their tertiary structure is quite similar, suggesting conservative biological functions between IL-10s and vIL-10s. The biological activity of CyHV-3 vIL-10 was detected by using CCK-8 kit and real time quantitative PCR. The results showed that CyHV-3 vIL-10 down regulate epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cellular activity at 72 h. Moreover, CyHV-3 vIL-10 inhibits the LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory genes, similar to common carp IL-10. Altogether, the results of this study demonstrate that a clear biological activity of CyHV-3 vIL-10 on its host cells and indicates CyHV-3 vIL-10 may play an important role in viral immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Min He
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu D, Zhang T, Wang Y, Muhammad M, Xue W, Ju J, Zhao B. Knockout of alanine racemase gene attenuates the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:72. [PMID: 30940083 PMCID: PMC6444436 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen of poikilothermic and homoeothermic animals, including humans. In the present study, we described the role of Alanine racemase (alr-2) in the virulence of A. hydrophila using an alr-2 knockout mutant (A.H.Δalr). Results In mouse and common carp models, the survival of animals challenged with A.H.Δalr was significantly increased compared with the wild-type (WT), and the mutant was also impaired in its ability to replicate in the organs and blood of infected mice and fish. The A.H.Δalr significantly increased phagocytosis by macrophages of the mice and fish. These attenuation effects of alr-2 could be complemented by the addition of D-alanine to the A.H.Δalr strain. The histopathology results indicated that the extent of tissue injury in the WT-infected animals was more severe than in the A.H.Δalr-infected groups. The expression of 9 virulence genes was significantly down-regulated, and 3 outer membrane genes were significantly up-regulated in A.H.Δalr. Conclusions Our data suggest that alr-2 is essential for the virulence of A. hydrophila. Our findings suggested alanine racemase could be applied in the development of new antibiotics against A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Murtala Muhammad
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wen Xue
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jiansong Ju
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen J, Lv YP, Dai QM, Hu ZH, Liu ZM, Li JH. Host defense peptide LEAP-2 contributes to monocyte/macrophage polarization in barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:184-192. [PMID: 30641185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) plays a vital role in host immunity against pathogenic organisms. In the present study, cDNA of the LEAP-2 gene was cloned and sequenced from the barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo). The predicted amino acid sequence of the barbel steed LEAP-2 comprises a signal peptide and a prodomain, which is followed by the mature peptide. Sequence analysis revealed that barbel steed LEAP-2 belongs to the fish LEAP-2A cluster and that it is closely related to zebrafish LEAP-2A. We found that barbel steed LEAP-2 transcripts were expressed in a wide range of tissues, with the highest mRNA levels detected in the liver. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, LEAP-2 was significantly upregulated in the liver, head kidney, spleen, gill, and mid intestine. A chemically synthesized LEAP-2 mature peptide exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against several bacteria in vitro. Moreover, LEAP-2, alone or in combination with LPS or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, strongly induced a pro-inflammatory reaction in barbel steed monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ), involving the induction of iNOS activity, respiratory burst, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Collectively, the results of this study indicate the importance of fish LEAP-2 in the M1-type polarization of MO/MΦ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yao-Ping Lv
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Qing-Min Dai
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ze-Hui Hu
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ji-Heng Li
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Macrophages exist in most tissues and play a variety of functions in vertebrates. Teleost fish species are found in most aquatic environments throughout the world and are quite diverse for a group of vertebrate animals. Due to whole genome duplication and environmental adaptation, teleost monocytes/macrophages possess a variety of different functions and modulations compared with those of mammals. A deeper understanding of teleost monocytes/macrophages in the immune system will not only help develop teleost-specific methods of disease prevention but will also help improve our understanding of the various immune mechanisms in mammals. In this review, we summarize the differences in polarization and phagocytosis of teleost and mammalian macrophages to improve our understanding of the various immune mechanisms in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nie L, Cai SY, Sun J, Chen J. MicroRNA-155 promotes pro-inflammatory functions and augments apoptosis of monocytes/macrophages during Vibrio anguillarum infection in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:70-81. [PMID: 30447432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors, immune cells are recruited, and multiple antibacterial/viral signaling pathways are activated, leading to the production of immune-related cytokines, chemokines, and interferons along with further activation of the adaptive immune response. MicroRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in regulating such immune signaling pathways, as well as the biological activities of immune cells; however, knowledge regarding the roles of miRs in the immune-related function of monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ) remains limited in teleosts. In the present study, we addressed the effects of miR-155 on Vibrio anguillarum-infected MO/MΦ. Our results showed that miR-155 augmented MO/MΦ expression of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the phagocytosis and bacteria-killing abilities of these cells were boosted by miR-155 administration, which also promoted M1-type polarization but inhibited M2-type polarization. Furthermore, the V. anguillarum-infection-induced apoptosis was also enhanced by miR-155 mimic transfection, which might have been due to excessive inflammation or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These results represent the first report providing a detailed account of the regulatory roles of miR-155 on MO/MΦ functions in teleosts and offer insight into the evolutionary history of miR-155-mediated regulation of host immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Petit J, Bailey EC, Wheeler RT, de Oliveira CAF, Forlenza M, Wiegertjes GF. Studies Into β-Glucan Recognition in Fish Suggests a Key Role for the C-Type Lectin Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:280. [PMID: 30863400 PMCID: PMC6400144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-modulatory effects of β-glucans are generally considered beneficial to fish health. Despite the frequent application of β-glucans in aquaculture practice, the exact receptors and downstream signalling remains to be described for fish. In mammals, Dectin-1 is a member of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family and the best-described receptor for β-glucans. In fish genomes, no clear homologue of Dectin-1 could be identified so far. Yet, in previous studies we could activate carp macrophages with curdlan, considered a Dectin-1-specific β-(1,3)-glucan ligand in mammals. It was therefore proposed that immune-modulatory effects of β-glucan in carp macrophages could be triggered by a member of the CLR family activating the classical CLR signalling pathway, different from Dectin-1. In the current study, we used primary macrophages of common carp to examine immune modulation by β-glucans using transcriptome analysis of RNA isolated 6 h after stimulation with two different β-glucan preparations. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that both β-glucans regulate a comparable signalling pathway typical of CLR activation. Carp genome analysis identified 239 genes encoding for proteins with at least one C-type Lectin Domains (CTLD). Narrowing the search for candidate β-glucan receptors, based on the presence of a conserved glucan-binding motif, identified 13 genes encoding a WxH sugar-binding motif in their CTLD. These genes, however, were not expressed in macrophages. Instead, among the β-glucan-stimulated DEGs, a total of six CTLD-encoding genes were significantly regulated, all of which were down-regulated in carp macrophages. Several candidates had a protein architecture similar to Dectin-1, therefore potential conservation of synteny of the mammalian Dectin-1 region was investigated by mining the zebrafish genome. Partial conservation of synteny with a region on the zebrafish chromosome 16 highlighted two genes as candidate β-glucan receptor. Altogether, the regulation of a gene expression profile typical of a signalling pathway associated with CLR activation and, the identification of several candidate β-glucan receptors, suggest that immune-modulatory effects of β-glucan in carp macrophages could be a result of signalling mediated by a member of the CLR family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Petit
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Erin C. Bailey
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Robert T. Wheeler
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | | | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Katakura F, Nishiya K, Wentzel AS, Hino E, Miyamae J, Okano M, Wiegertjes GF, Moritomo T. Paralogs of Common Carp Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Have Different Functions Regarding Development, Trafficking and Activation of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:255. [PMID: 30837998 PMCID: PMC6389648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; CSF3) is a primary cytokine that promotes the development, mobilization, and activation of neutrophils and their precursors. Teleosts have been reported to possess two paralogs as a likely result of the teleost-wide whole genome duplication (WGD) event, but functional divergence of G-CSF paralogs remains poorly understood. Common carp are an allotetraploid species owing to an additional WGD event in the carp lineage and here, we report on genomic synteny, sequence similarity, and phylogeny of four common carp G-CSF paralogs (g-csfa1 and g-csfa2; g-csfb1 and g-csfb2). G-csfa1 and g-csfa2 show differential and relatively high gene expression levels, while g-csfb1 and g-csfb2 show low basal gene expression levels in most tissues. All paralogs are expressed higher in macrophages than in other leukocyte sub-types and are highly up-regulated by treatment of macrophages with mitogens. Recombinant G-CSFa1 and G-CSFb1 both promoted the proliferation of kidney hematopoietic cells, while only G-CSFb1 induced the differentiation of kidney cells along the neutrophil-lineage. Colony-forming unit assays revealed that G-CSFb1 alone stimulates the formation of CFU-G colonies from head- and trunk-kidney whereas the combination of G-CSFa1 and G-CSFb1 stimulates the formation of both CFU-G and CFU-GM colonies. Recombinant G-CSFa1 and G-CSFb1 also exhibit chemotactic activity against kidney neutrophils and up-regulation of cxcr1 mRNA expression was highest in neutrophils after G-CSFb1 stimulation. Furthermore, G-CSFb1 more than G-CSFa1 induced priming of kidney neutrophils through up-regulation of a NADPH-oxidase component p47 phox . In vivo administration of G-CSF paralogs increased the number of circulating blood neutrophils of carp. Our findings demonstrate that gene duplications in teleosts can lead to functional divergence between paralogs and shed light on the sub-functionalization of G-CSF paralogs in cyprinid fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katakura
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishiya
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Annelieke S Wentzel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Erika Hino
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Miyamae
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Okano
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tadaaki Moritomo
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Andreyeva AY, Kukhareva TA, Soldatov AA. Cellular Composition and Proliferation Levels in the Hematopoietic Tissue of Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.) Head Kidney and Spleen During the Spawning and Wintering Periods. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1136-1143. [PMID: 30417546 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify cells and analyze proliferative activity of hematopoietic tissue, black scorpionfish head kidney and spleen cells were characterized by light microscopy and flow cytometry. Hematopoiesis of black scorpionfish head kidney was formed by the following series: erythropoietic, granulopoietic, lymphopoietic, and thrombopoietic. Flow cytometric analysis allowed dividing blood cells in hematopoietic organs into subpopulations differing by size, granularity, and proliferative activity. Three distinct subpopulations were observed during the wintering period. The number of small low-granulated cells, identified as lymphocytes and thrombocytes, was 41% ± 4% in both wintering and spawning fish. Proliferating subpopulation of blast (high-granulated) cells amounted to about 36% of the total cell count with 50% ± 5% of proliferating cells; the largest low-granulated cells (10% of total cells) comprised maturing white blood cells, monocytes, and macrophages. The spawning period was accompanied with an increase of maturing neutrophils and enhancement of blast cell proliferation. In the spleen three distinct subpopulations were observed. The subpopulation of small low-granulated cells comprised lymphocytes and thrombocytes similar to the head kidney and amounted 33% ± 4%. Other cells with larger diameter were identified as red blood cells. No proliferation was observed during the wintering period in the spleen, however, spawning induced cell proliferation of erythroblasts (small granulated cells) with the number of dividing cells 84% ± 1%. Anat Rec, 302:1136-1143, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Y Andreyeva
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky ave 14, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Kukhareva
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky ave 14, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Soldatov
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky ave 14, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Y, Wu J, Li D, Huang A, Bu G, Meng F, Kong F, Cao X, Han X, Pan X, Fan W, Yang S, Wang J, Zeng X, Du X. Teleost-specific TLR25 identified from Schizothorax prenanti may recognize bacterial/viral components and activate NF-κB and type I IFNs signaling pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:361-370. [PMID: 30081181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TLR25 is a new member of TLR1 family that is only identified in teleosts, but its function in immune response is still unclear. In current study, the coding sequence (CDS) of TLR25 was cloned from Schizothorax prenanti (named spTLR25), and spTLR25 is 2454 bp in length and coding a protein of 817 aa. The spTLR25 contains a signal peptide, twenty leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, a LRR C-terminal (LRRCT) motif, a transmembrane region and a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that spTLR25 has the closest relationship with Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) TLR25-2. The 3D structure of spTLR25 exhibits 5 α-helices and 3 β-sheets in the TIR domain, and 8 α-helices and 6 β-sheets in the LRR domains. The spTLR25 is mainly expressed in immune-related tissues and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Furthermore, the expression levels of spTLR25 were upregulated in spleen, head kidney and liver while S. prenanti was challenged with LPS or Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah), and the upregulation was also detected in head kidney leukocytes (HKL) after LPS and Poly (I:C) stimulation. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that NF-κB and type I IFNs signaling pathways can be activated by spTLR25, and this process may involve in the cascade amplification of TLR25-MyD88 signaling. In addition, the co-localization analysis showed that spTLR25 localizes to intracellular region. Taken together, our results reveal that teleost-specific TLR25 may be a multifunctional receptor for recognizing both LPS and Poly (I:C) and may activate NF-κB and type I IFNs signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- Fisheries Technology Extension Station of Yunnan, Kunming, 660034, PR China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang, 641100, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ulvestad JS, Kumari J, Seternes T, Chi H, Dalmo RA. Studies on the effects of LPS, ß-glucan and metabolic inhibitors on the respiratory burst and gene expression in Atlantic salmon macrophages. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1117-1127. [PMID: 29600522 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophage-like cells is induced as an antimicrobial defence against invading pathogens. In this study, we have explored how different stimuli and metabolic inhibitors affect the level of respiratory burst in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) head kidney macrophage-like cells. Cells stimulated in vitro by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ß-glucan showed increased production of ROS compared to unstimulated cells. Both stimulation and costimulation by curdlan (ß-glucan) induced a higher production of ROS compared to stimulation and costimulation by LPS. Metabolic inhibitors co-incubated with the stimulants did not, in most cases, perturb the level of ROS generation in the salmon macrophage-like cells. The NAD+ content as well as the NAD+ /NADH ratio increased in curdlan and LPS + curdlan-stimulated cells compared to control cells, which indicated increased metabolic activity in the stimulated cells. Supporting these findings, gene analysis using real-time quantitative PCR showed that arginase-1 and IL-1ß genes were highly expressed in the stimulated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Ulvestad
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Kumari
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - T Seternes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Chi
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Grayfer L, Kerimoglu B, Yaparla A, Hodgkinson JW, Xie J, Belosevic M. Mechanisms of Fish Macrophage Antimicrobial Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1105. [PMID: 29892285 PMCID: PMC5985312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased understanding of the functional mechanisms of fish antimicrobial host defenses is an important step forward in prevention of pathogen-induced morbidity and mortality in aquaculture setting. Like other vertebrates, macrophage-lineage cells are integral to fish immune responses and for this reason, much of the recent fish immunology research has focused on fish macrophage biology. These studies have revealed notable similarities as well as striking differences in the molecular strategies by which fish and higher vertebrates control their respective macrophage polarization and functionality. In this review, we address the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of teleost macrophage functional heterogeneity and immunity, focusing on the key cytokine regulators that control fish macrophage development and their antimicrobial armamentarium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Grayfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Baris Kerimoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amulya Yaparla
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Jiasong Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Qiang J, Bao J, Tao Y, Li H, He J, Shi W, Xu P, Sun Y. CCD and RSM optimization approach for antioxidative activity and immune regulation in head kidney of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) based on different lipid levels and temperatures. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:77-85. [PMID: 29107064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an important economic cultured fish in China. Here we report antioxidative activity and immune regulation in head kidney using a central composite design based on water temperature (20-34 °C) and dietary lipid (2-17%). Response values were optimized using response surface methodology to maximize the immune response and relieve oxidative stress. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions and lasted for seven weeks. The results showed that the linear effects of lipid level on superoxide dismutase (SOD, and lysozyme (LYZ) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in head kidney, respiratory burst activity (RBA) of head kidney macrophages, and cumulative mortality of fish infected by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) were significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, the linear effects of water temperature on SOD activity, MDA content, and cumulative mortality were significant (P < 0.05). In addition, the quadratic effects of water temperature and lipid level on all experimental response values were significant (P < 0.05), and no interactive effect was found between water temperature and lipid level (P > 0.05). High water temperature and high lipid diet significantly reduced the antioxidative activity and immune response in head kidney, and increased MDA content, which caused increased mortality of the S. iniae-infected fish. The adjusted R2 values for SOD activity, MDA content, LYZ activity, RBA, phagocytic activity, and cumulative mortality regression models were 0.76, 0.85, 0.87, 0.79, 0.64, and 0.87, respectively. The optimal combination of water temperature and lipid level was 26.9 °C and 7.7%, at which good antioxidative activity and immune regulation were achieved, with reliability of 0.878. This combination was close to the optimal combination of water temperature and lipid level for growth performance (27.5 °C and 9.2%) reported previously. Thus, the optimal combination may not only promote growth, but also enhance antioxidant and immune levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jingwen Bao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yilan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|