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Subramaniapillai S, Schindler LS, Redmond P, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Valdés Hernández M, Maniega SM, Aribisala B, Westlye LT, Coath W, Groves J, Cash DM, Barnes J, James SN, Sudre CH, Barkhof F, Richards M, Corley J, Russ TC, Cox SR, Schott JM, Cole JH, de Lange AMG. Sex-Dependent Effects of Cardiometabolic Health and APOE4 on Brain Age: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Neurology 2024; 103:e209744. [PMID: 39173100 PMCID: PMC11379441 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aging population is growing faster than all other demographic strata. With older age comes a greater risk of health conditions such as obesity and high blood pressure (BP). These cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) exhibit prominent sex differences in midlife and aging, yet their influence on brain health in females vs males is largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated sex differences in relationships between BP, body mass index (BMI), and brain age over time and tested for interactions with APOE ε4 genotype (APOE4), a known genetic risk factor of Alzheimer disease. METHODS The sample included participants from 2 United Kingdom-based longitudinal birth cohorts, the Lothian Birth Cohort (1936) and Insight 46 (1946). Participants with MRI data from at least 1 time point were included to evaluate sex differences in associations between CMRs and brain age. The open-access software package brainageR 2.1 was used to estimate brain age for each participant. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationships between brain age, BMI, BP, and APOE4 status (i.e., carrier vs noncarrier) in males and females over time. RESULTS The combined sample comprised 1,120 participants (48% female) with a mean age (SD) of 73 (0.72) years in the Lothian Birth Cohort and 71 (0.68) years in Insight 46 at the time point 1 assessment. Approximately 30% of participants were APOE4 carriers. Higher systolic and diastolic BP was significantly associated with older brain age in females only (β = 0.43-0.56, p < 0.05). Among males, higher BMI was associated with older brain age across time points and APOE4 groups (β = 0.72-0.77, p < 0.05). In females, higher BMI was linked to older brain age among APOE4 noncarriers (β = 0.68-0.99, p < 0.05), whereas higher BMI was linked to younger brain age among carriers, particularly at the last time point (β = -1.75, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION This study indicates sex-dependent and time-dependent relationships between CMRs, APOE4 status, and brain age. Our findings highlight the necessity of sex-stratified analyses to elucidate the role of CMRs in individual aging trajectories, providing a basis for developing personalized preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise S Schindler
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Redmond
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Bastin
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Valdés Hernández
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Aribisala
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars T Westlye
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - William Coath
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - James Groves
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Cash
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Barnes
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah-Naomi James
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole H Sudre
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Richards
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C Russ
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Cox
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - James H Cole
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S., L.S.S., A.-M.G.d.L.), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology (P.R., M.E.B., J.M.W., M.V.H., S.M.M., B.A., J.C., T.C.R., S.R.C.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (L.T.W.), University of Oslo, Norway; Dementia Research Centre (W.C., J.G., D.M.C., J.B., S.-N.J., C.H.S., J.M.S.), Centre for Medical Image Computing (C.H.S., F.B., J.H.C.), and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (M.R., S.-N.J., C.H.S.), University College London, United Kingdom
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Bajpai A, Anand A, Kumar A, Jain T, Pal AK, Karnik A, Pahwa HS, Sonkar AA. Innovative Approaches to Address the Technical Challenge of Hernial Sac Distension Due to Pneumoperitoneum in the Synchronous Management of Complex Hernias in Individuals With Morbid Obesity. Cureus 2024; 16:e59897. [PMID: 38854311 PMCID: PMC11160514 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Although repairing ventral hernias in individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery is a common practice, persistent technical intricacies and controversies surround their management. Concurrently, addressing ventral hernias in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery presents a significant surgical challenge, amplified by the larger intraperitoneal cavities and the presence of large hernial sacs. This technical report introduces two innovative techniques to alleviate the challenge of hernia sac distension due to pneumoperitoneum associated with simultaneous bariatric surgery and ventral hernia repair using laparoscopic technique. The methods are designed to address the complexities of the procedures, making their simultaneous execution feasible and safe. The goal is to eliminate the need for two separate interventions while ensuring the outcomes of each procedure remain uncompromised. The larger intraperitoneal cavities and the presence of large hernial sacs are managed successfully, demonstrating the feasibility and safety of the introduced methods. Importantly, the simultaneous execution of both procedures does not compromise the outcomes of either intervention. Concurrently managing ventral hernias in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery requires innovative solutions to overcome technical challenges. The introduction of these two novel techniques proves to be a valuable approach, making simultaneous execution feasible and safe. Eliminating the need for two separate interventions streamlines the surgical process without compromising the outcomes of either bariatric surgery or ventral hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bajpai
- Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Akshay Anand
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Awanish Kumar
- General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Tirushi Jain
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Ajay K Pal
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Amit Karnik
- Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Moscoso-Ruiz I, Almazán Fernández de Bobadilla V, Monteagudo C, Giménez-Martínez R, Rodrigo L, Zafra-Gómez A, Rivas A. Levels of Bisphenol A and its analogs in nails, saliva, and urine of children: a case control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226820. [PMID: 37645630 PMCID: PMC10461051 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A growing number of studies link the increase in overweight/obesity worldwide to exposure to certain environmental chemical pollutants that display obesogenic activity (obesogens). Since exposure to obesogens during the first stages of life has been shown to have a more intense and pronounced effect at lower doses, it is imperative to study their possible effects in childhood. The objective here was to study the association of Bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 BPA analogs in children, using three biological matrices (nails, saliva and urine), and overweight and obesity (n = 160). Methods In this case-control study, 59 overweight/obese children and 101 controls were included. The measuring of Bisphenols in the matrices was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was used to study the association between overweight/obesity and Bisphenol exposure. Results The results suggested that BPF in nails is associated with overweight/ obesity in children (OR:4.87; p = 0.020). In saliva, however, the highest detected concentrations of BPAF presented an inverse association (OR: 0.06; p = 0.010) with overweight/obesity. No associations of statistical significance were detected between exposure to BPA or its other analogs and overweight/obesity in any of the biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez-Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Jayasooriya V, Johnson N, Bradley A, Kotarsky C, Jepng’etich L, Friesner D, Stastny S, Hackney KJ, Nawarathna D. A Miniaturized MicroRNA Sensor Identifies Targets Associated with Weight Loss in a Diet and Exercise Intervention among Healthy Overweight Individuals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6758. [PMID: 36146115 PMCID: PMC9505139 DOI: 10.3390/s22186758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss through dietary and exercise intervention is commonly prescribed but is not effective for all individuals. Recent studies have demonstrated that circulating microRNA (miR) biomarkers could potentially be used to identify individuals who will likely lose weight through diet and exercise and attain a healthy body weight. However, accurate detection of miRs in clinical samples is difficult, error-prone, and expensive. To address this issue, we recently developed iLluminate-a low-cost and highly sensitive miR sensor suitable for point-of-care testing. To investigate if miR testing and iLluminate can be used in real-world obesity applications, we developed a pilot diet and exercise intervention and utilized iLluminate to evaluate miR biomarkers. We evaluated the expression of miRs-140, -935, -let-7b, and -99a, which are biomarkers for fat loss, energy metabolism, and adipogenic differentiation. Responders lost more total mass, tissue mass, and fat mass than non-responders. miRs-140, -935, -let-7b, and -99a, collectively accounted for 6.9% and 8.8% of the explained variability in fat and lean mass, respectively. At the level of the individual coefficients, miRs-140 and -935 were significantly associated with fat loss. Collectively, miRs-140 and -935 provide an additional degree of predictive capability in body mass and fat mass alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidura Jayasooriya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Adam Bradley
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Christopher Kotarsky
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Lizzy Jepng’etich
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Daniel Friesner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sherri Stastny
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kyle J. Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Dharmakeerthi Nawarathna
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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5
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Bernhart JA, Fellers AW, Turner-McGrievy G, Wilson MJ, Hutto B. Socially Distanced Data Collection: Lessons Learned Using Electronic Bluetooth Scales to Assess Weight. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:10901981221104723. [PMID: 35971569 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Electronic Bluetooth scales (e-scales) may be useful for remote weight assessment. This study analyzed predictors of engagement with e-scales and feasibility for remote weight assessment. Method. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, participants (n = 150, 100% African American, 79% female, average age 48.2 ± 10.6 years) in an ongoing trial were invited to receive an e-scale. Participants had 1 month to complete a weigh-in. Email, text, and phone call reminders were sent. Data were analyzed using descriptive approaches and logistic regression. Results. Seventy-five participants (50% of sample) elected to receive an e-scale. Older participants (t = -2.01, p = .05) and a greater proportion of females (χ2 = 7.8, p < .01) signed up to receive an e-scale. An average of 2.6 ± 1.3 reminders was required. Most participants who received an e-scale completed a weigh-in (n = 70). Discussion. Half the sample elected to receive an e-scale. Strategies to increase willingness among men and younger adults to sign up to receive an e-scale are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley W Fellers
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Brent Hutto
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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6
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Park HY, Jung WS, Kim SW, Jung K, Lim K. Comparison of Vascular Function, Cardiometabolic Parameters, Hemorheological Function, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Between Middle-Aged Korean Women With and Without Obesity—A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809029. [PMID: 35422707 PMCID: PMC9002013 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare vascular function, cardiometabolic parameters, hemorheological function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged Korean women according to obesity defined using body mass index (BMI). A total of 32 Korean women aged between 34 and 60 years (16 without obesity, mean age 46.31 ± 7.49 years and 16 with obesity, mean age 49.68 ± 6.69 years) participated in this study. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The body composition, vascular function, cardiometabolic parameters, hemorheological function, and cardiorespiratory fitness of all participants were measured. Statistical differences in the dependent parameters between individuals with and without obesity were analyzed, and the correlations between BMI and the dependent variables were verified. The obese group showed significantly worse results (p < 0.05) for body composition (significantly higher weight, BMI, fat mass, and percent body fat), vascular function [significantly higher branchial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and lower flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD)], cardiometabolic parameters [significantly higher insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], hemorheological function (significantly lower erythrocyte deformability and higher aggregation), and cardiorespiratory fitness [significantly lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)] compared to the non-obese group. In addition, BMI showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with baPWV (r = 0.430); total cholesterol (r = 0.376), triglyceride (r = 0.411), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.462), and insulin (r = 0.477) levels; HOMA-IR (r = 0.443); and erythrocyte aggregation (r = 0.406), and a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) with VO2max (r = −0.482) and FMD (r = −0.412). Our study confirmed that obesity is a major determinant for deterioration of vascular function, cardiometabolic parameters, hemorheological function, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyounghwa Jung
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kiwon Lim,
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Bernhart JA, Wilcox S, McKeever BW, Ehlers DK, O’Neill JR. A Self-Determination Theory Application to Physical Activity in Charity Sports Events. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221077204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charity sports events, specifically 5K events, reach large numbers of people and may help promote physical activity (PA). Few studies exist applying Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to participation in these events. This study examined changes in SDT constructs of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness satisfaction in participants (n = 207) of charity 5K events and (2) examined relationships among post-event SDT constructs, PA, and intention to complete future events. Participants completed online surveys before and after a charity 5K event using the Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Exercise Scale, Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Repeated measures analysis of covariance analyzed the first purpose and regression the second. Competence satisfaction increased ( P = .04) and relatedness satisfaction decreased ( P = .04). Higher post-event relatedness satisfaction was associated with intention to complete future charity 5K events (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11). Higher post-event autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction and intrinsic motivation were associated with greater post-event MET-minutes of PA (all P < .05).Findings may be useful for promoting PA and helping organizations increase participation. Specifically, events facilitating relatedness among participants may lead to repeat participation as these events have opportunities to fulfill SDT outcomes and increase post-event PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bernhart
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brooke W. McKeever
- School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diane K. Ehlers
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer R. O’Neill
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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8
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Henning C, Schroeder S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Gender and Emotional Representation Matter: Own Illness Beliefs and Their Relationship to Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:799831. [PMID: 35211498 PMCID: PMC8863172 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.799831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatments of obesity often fail to consider gender and psychological aspects, which are essential for weight loss and weight maintenance. The aim of our study was to analyze subjective illness representations (SIRs) of adults with obesity according to the Common-Sense Self-Regulation Model (CSM) by assessing their associations with weight-related variables and gender. Methods Data was collected via online self-assessment between April 2017 and March 2018. SIRs were operationalized by the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and illness outcomes according to the CSM were defined as BMI, eating behaviour, physical wellbeing, bodyweight satisfaction, and shape concerns. The sample consisted of 427 adults (M = 42.2 years, SD = 10.9; 82% female) with obesity (BMI: M = 42.3 kg/m2, SD = 9.0). Student's t-tests and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with the control variables (age and BMI) and subjective illness representations and gender as independent variables. Results The explanation of outcome variances was moderate to high (21-43%) except for restraint eating behaviour (10%). Subjective illness representations showed several significant associations with weight-related variables, especially timeline and emotional representations. Female gender was significantly associated with more restraint eating behaviour [F(1, 400) = 4.19, p < 0.001] and females had unfavourable values of the weight-related variables as well as a more cyclic [t(425) = 3.68, p < 0.001], and more emotional representation [t(100) = 5.17, p < 0.001] of their obesity. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that gender and subjective illness representations, especially the emotional representation, play an important role for weight-related variables. Therefore, the assessment of SIRs may constitute an economic tool to identify specific individual deficits of self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Henning
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Carmen Henning
| | | | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Wolstein
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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9
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Rhee EJ. The Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Vascular Health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:1-8. [PMID: 35255597 PMCID: PMC8901957 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity should not be understood only as the accumulation of fat in the body, but instead as a phenomenon that exerts different effects on our health according to the place of fat deposition and its stability. Obesity is the starting point of most metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sleep apnea, and eventually cardiovascular disease. There are different kinds of obesity, ranging from simple obesity to sarcopenic obesity. The main purpose of intervening to address obesity is to decrease the ultimate consequence of obesity-namely, cardiovascular disease. The main mechanism through which obesity, especially abdominal obesity, increases cardiovascular risk is the obesity-induced derangement of metabolic health, leading to the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, which are the main initiators of vascular damage. In this review, I discuss the influence of various types of obesity on the risk of metabolic diseases, and how these diseases increase cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Schindler LS, Subramaniapillai S, Barth C, van der Meer D, Pedersen ML, Kaufmann T, Maximov II, Linge J, Leinhard OD, Beck D, Gurholt TP, Voldsbekk I, Suri S, Ebmeier KP, Draganski B, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, de Lange AMG. Associations between abdominal adipose tissue, reproductive span, and brain characteristics in post-menopausal women. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103239. [PMID: 36451350 PMCID: PMC9668664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The menopause transition involves changes in oestrogens and adipose tissue distribution, which may influence female brain health post-menopause. Although increased central fat accumulation is linked to risk of cardiometabolic diseases, adipose tissue also serves as the primary biosynthesis site of oestrogens post-menopause. It is unclear whether different types of adipose tissue play diverging roles in female brain health post-menopause, and whether this depends on lifetime oestrogen exposure, which can have lasting effects on the brain and body even after menopause. Using the UK Biobank sample, we investigated associations between brain characteristics and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) in 10,251 post-menopausal females, and assessed whether the relationships varied depending on length of reproductive span (age at menarche to age at menopause). To parse the effects of common genetic variation, we computed polygenic scores for reproductive span. The results showed that higher VAT and ASAT were both associated with higher grey and white matter brain age, and greater white matter hyperintensity load. The associations varied positively with reproductive span, indicating more prominent associations between adipose tissue and brain measures in females with a longer reproductive span. The effects were in general small, but could not be fully explained by genetic variation or relevant confounders. Our findings indicate that associations between abdominal adipose tissue and brain health post-menopause may partly depend on individual differences in cumulative oestrogen exposure during reproductive years, emphasising the complexity of neural and endocrine ageing processes in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Schindler
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Mads L Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan I Maximov
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jennifer Linge
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dani Beck
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Voldsbekk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Dept. of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Han M, Rhee SY. Effectiveness of Mobile Health Applications for 5% Body Weight Reduction in Obese and Overweight Adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:354-364. [PMID: 34853189 PMCID: PMC8735823 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background World Health Organization reports that over 1.9 billion adults are obese. Studies have found that people who reduce their body weight by 5% experience considerable health benefits. Currently, mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) show effectiveness in body weight reduction. The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a popular mHealth app in 5% body weight reduction and to identify factors that affect 5% body weight reduction in obese adults. We investigated the time it took users to achieve 5% body weight reduction according to usage characteristics and factors influencing this period of time. Methods This study was a secondary data analysis using data from 23,682 commercial mHealth app users. For analysis, logistic regressions, Kaplan-Meier estimators, log-rank tests, and Cox regressions were used. Results Variables in user characteristics including age (odds ratio [OR], 0.976; P<0.001), male (OR, 1.226; P<0.001), initial body mass index (OR, 1.009; P<0.001), frequency of data entry for body weight (OR, 1.004; P<0.001), frequency of exercise (OR, 1.002; P<0.001), and dinner intake (OR, 1.004; P<0.001) made significant contributions in predicting 5% weight reduction in the study cohort. Users who were obese and who more frequently entered their body weight, exercise, and dietary intake data reduced 5% body weight much sooner than other users. Data entry regarding initial body weight (exponentiation of the B coefficient [Exp(B)], 1.002; P<0.001), frequency in body weight entry (Exp(B), 1,001; P<0.001), dinner intake (Exp(B), 1.003; P<0.001), and evening snack intake (Exp(B), 1.001; P<0.001) significantly contributed to predicting the time needed to achieve a 5% body weight reduction in users. Conclusion For 5% body weight reduction, mHealth apps are promising tools. Users who frequently monitor their health-related behaviors can expect a 5% reduction in body weight in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeunghee Han
- Department of Nursing, Dongyang University, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Michicotl-Meneses MM, Thompson-Bonilla MDR, Reyes-López CA, García-Pérez BE, López-Tenorio II, Ordaz-Pichardo C, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Inflammation Markers in Adipose Tissue and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction by Pomegranate Juice in Obesity Induced by a Hypercaloric Diet in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:2577. [PMID: 34444736 PMCID: PMC8402035 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine (Unani Medicine, Ayurveda); its main compounds are anthocyanins and ellagic acid, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular health effects. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate juice on inflammation, blood pressure, and vascular and physiological markers associated with obesity induced by a high-fat diet in a murine model. The results show that pomegranate juice reduces the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL) 39% and increases the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL) by 27%, leading to a 12%-18% decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In addition to reducing blood pressure by 24%, it also had an antiatherogenic effect by decreasing sE-selectin levels by 42%. On the other hand, the juice significantly increased adiponectin levels in adipose tissue, decreased levels of inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), and inhibited the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Pomegranate juice requires clinical studies to prove its immunoregulatory and therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and atherogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Michicotl-Meneses
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (M.M.M.-M.); (I.I.L.-T.)
| | - María del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Investigación Biomédica y Traslacional, ISSSTE, Hospital Regional “1° de Octubre”, Mexico City 07760, Mexico;
| | - César A. Reyes-López
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Estructural, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología General, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Itzel I. López-Tenorio
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (M.M.M.-M.); (I.I.L.-T.)
| | - Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (M.M.M.-M.); (I.I.L.-T.)
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13
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Yang L, Li M, Zheng Q, Ren C, Ma W, Yang Y. A dynamic nomogram for predicting the risk of asthma: Development and validation in a database study. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23820. [PMID: 34125979 PMCID: PMC8275008 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma remains a serious health problem with increasing prevalence and incidence. This study was to develop and validate a dynamic nomogram for predicting asthma risk. Methods Totally 597 subjects whose age ≥18 years old with asthma, an accurate age at first cigarette, and clear smoking status were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2013–2018). The dataset was randomly split into the training set and the testing set at a ratio of 4:6. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for identifying independent predictors. Then the nomogram was developed and internally validated using data from the testing set. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used for assessing the performance of the nomogram. Results According to the simple and multiple logistic regressions, smoking ≥40 years, female gender, the age for the first smoking, having close relative with asthma were independently associated with the risk of an asthma attack. The nomogram was thereby developed with the link of https://yanglifen.shinyapps.io/Dynamic_Nomogram_for_Asthma/. The ROC analyses showed an AUC of 0.726 (0.724–0.728) with a sensitivity of 0.887 (0.847–0.928) in the training set, and an AUC of 0.702 (0.700–0.703) with a sensitivity of 0.860 (0.804–0.916) in the testing set, fitting well in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Conclusion Our dynamic nomogram could help clinicians to assess the individual probability of asthma attack, which was helpful for improving the treatment and prognosis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qinling Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chaofeng Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Alkhudhayri DA, Osman MA, Alshammari GM, Al Maiman SA, Yahya MA. Moringa peregrina leaf extracts produce anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects on high-fat diet fed rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3333-3342. [PMID: 34121870 PMCID: PMC8176035 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This present research investigated the anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic Moringa peregrina leaf (MPLE) and bark extracts (MPBE), in the rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Healthy male rats (n = 48) were randomly distributed to six groups (n = 8): control AIN-93 diet; HFD; HFD + MPBE bark extracts ((300 mg/kg); HFD + MPBE (600 mg/kg); HFD + MPLE (300 mg/kg); HFD + MPLE (600 mg/kg). HFD-fed rats in the Moringa peregrina (MP) treatment groups received orally administered MP leaf or bark extract daily for eight weeks. The results revealed that both doses of MP leaf extract significantly reduced HFD-induced increases in their food intake and the gained body weight, fat pad weights (visceral, subcutaneous, and epididymal), glucose and insulin plasma levels, and leptin and resistin serum levels in HFD-fed rats. Concomitantly, MP leaf extract improved glucose levels after oral or intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and the low-density lipoprotein LDL concentration, reduced hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels, and increased serum high-density lipoproteins HDL levels and triglycerides and cholesterol levels in fecal. Moreover, the administration of MPLE to HFD-fed rats improved liver architecture, reduced fat accumulation, reduced hepatic malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were significantly increased. All observed effects were more pronounced in HFD-fed rats treated with a 600 mg/kg MP dose. However, neither dose of MPBE altered the measured markers in the HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, MPLE showed potential anti-obesity and hepatoprotective activity in HFD-induced obese rats, mediated by reduced lipid absorption, anti-hyperlipidemic effects, and hepatic antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal A. Alkhudhayri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi A. Osman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah A. Al Maiman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Paczkowska-Abdulsalam M, Kretowski A. Obesity, metabolic health and omics: Current status and future directions. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:420-436. [PMID: 33889288 PMCID: PMC8040086 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing obesity epidemic is becoming a major public health concern, and the associated costs represent a considerable burden on societies. Among the most common complications of severe obesity are the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and various types of cancer. Interestingly, some obese individuals have a favorable metabolic profile and appear to be somehow protected from the detrimental effects of excessive adipose tissue accumulation. These individuals remain normoglycemic, insulin sensitive, and hypotensive with proper blood lipid levels, despite their high body mass index and/or waist circumference. Multiple independent observations have led to the concept of the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype, yet no consensus has been reached to date regarding a universal definition or the main mechanism behind this phenomenon. Recent technological advances and the use of high-throughput analysis techniques have revolutionized different areas of biomedical research. A multi-omics approach, which is used to investigate changes at different molecular levels in an organism or tissue, may provide valuable insights into the interplay between the molecules or pathways and the roles of different factors involved in the mechanisms underlying metabolic health deterioration. The aim of this review is to present the current status regarding the use of omics technologies to investigate the MHO phenotype, as well as the results of targeted analyses conducted in MHO individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland
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16
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Aldossari KK, Shubair MM, Al-Ghamdi S, Al-Zahrani J, AlAjmi M, Mastour Alshahrani S, Alsalamah M, Al-Khateeb BF, Bahkali S, El-Metwally A. The association between overweight/obesity and psychological distress: A population based cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2783-2788. [PMID: 34012319 PMCID: PMC8116972 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the association between mental well-being between obese (classes 1 and 2), over-weight and non-obese population-based individuals Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1019 Saudi nationals aged ≥ 18 years participated in the survey. BMI scores were used to categorize participants into three groups: Obese, overweighted and non-obese/non-overweight. Mental well-being was evaluated by using the validated Arabic version of the General Health Questionnaire version 12 (GHQ-12). Results We used total GHQ score (Mean=12; SD=5.23) to compare mental well-being between the four BMI class categories. The overall one-way ANOVA model was statistically significant (F = 7.018, d = 6, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, diabetes and smoking statuses we found that higher psychological distress (as evident by a higher total GHQ score) was associated with higher BMI. The unstandardized Beta regression coefficient = 2.627; P = 0.034). Females were more likely to have higher psychological distress than males (unstandardized Beta = 1.466, P = 0.003). Job status whether being unemployed or ‘civilian’ (civil worker) was significantly associated with higher psychological distress (unstandardized Beta = 1.405, P = 0.041). Being diabetic has a 1.6 times higher risk of psychological distress (unstandardized Beta = 1.604, P = 0.027). Conclusion The study highlights the public health implications of psychological distress amongst individuals with overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia. Future longitudinal studies should explore the temporality of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Aldossari
- Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh M Shubair
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Sameer Al-Ghamdi
- Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamaan Al-Zahrani
- Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour AlAjmi
- Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majid Alsalamah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr F Al-Khateeb
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Bahkali
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf El-Metwally
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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D'Antongiovanni V, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. Managing Obesity and Related Comorbidities: A Potential Pharmacological Target in the Adenosine System? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:621955. [PMID: 33536924 PMCID: PMC7848115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.621955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Clark S, Morris M, Lomax N, Birkin M. Can a data driven obesity classification system identify those at risk of severe COVID-19 in the UK Biobank cohort study? Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2281-2285. [PMID: 34230579 PMCID: PMC8259102 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease that has been shown to have outcomes that vary by certain socio-demographic and socio-economic groups. It is increasingly important that an understanding of these outcomes should be derived not from the consideration of one aspect, but by a more multi-faceted understanding of the individual. In this study use is made of a recent obesity driven classification of participants in the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) to identify trends in COVID-19 outcomes. This classification is informed by a recently created obesity systems map, and the COVID-19 outcomes are: undertaking a test, a positive test, hospitalisation and mortality. It is demonstrated that the classification is able to identify meaningful differentials in these outcomes. This more holistic approach is recommended for identification and prioritisation of COVID-19 risk and possible long-COVID determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Clark
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Consumer Data Research Centre and School of Geography, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Michelle Morris
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Medicine and Consumer Data Research Centre, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Nik Lomax
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Geography and Consumer Data Research Centre, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Mark Birkin
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Consumer Data Research Centre and School of Geography, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT UK
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19
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O’Brien P, Han G, Ganpathy P, Pitre S, Zhang Y, Ryan J, Sim PY, Harding SV, Gray R, Preedy VR, Sanders TAB, Corpe CP. Chronic Effects of a High Sucrose Diet on Murine Gastrointestinal Nutrient Sensor Gene and Protein Expression Levels and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E137. [PMID: 33375525 PMCID: PMC7794826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a key role in regulating nutrient metabolism and appetite responses. This study aimed to identify changes in the GIT that are important in the development of diet related obesity and diabetes. GIT samples were obtained from C57BL/6J male mice chronically fed a control diet or a high sucrose diet (HSD) and analysed for changes in gene, protein and metabolite levels. In HSD mice, GIT expression levels of fat oxidation genes were reduced, and increased de novo lipogenesis was evident in ileum. Gene expression levels of the putative sugar sensor, slc5a4a and slc5a4b, and fat sensor, cd36, were downregulated in the small intestines of HSD mice. In HSD mice, there was also evidence of bacterial overgrowth and a lipopolysaccharide activated inflammatory pathway involving inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In Caco-2 cells, sucrose significantly increased the expression levels of the nos2, iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) gas levels. In conclusion, sucrose fed induced obesity/diabetes is associated with changes in GI macronutrient sensing, appetite regulation and nutrient metabolism and intestinal microflora. These may be important drivers, and thus therapeutic targets, of diet-related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Brien
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Ge Han
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Priya Ganpathy
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Shweta Pitre
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - John Ryan
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Pei Ying Sim
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Scott V. Harding
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1C5S7, Canada;
| | - Robert Gray
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Victor R. Preedy
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Thomas A. B. Sanders
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Christopher P. Corpe
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
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20
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Schellekens H, Torres-Fuentes C, van de Wouw M, Long-Smith CM, Mitchell A, Strain C, Berding K, Bastiaanssen TFS, Rea K, Golubeva AV, Arboleya S, Verpaalen M, Pusceddu MM, Murphy A, Fouhy F, Murphy K, Ross P, Roy BL, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Bifidobacterium longum counters the effects of obesity: Partial successful translation from rodent to human. EBioMedicine 2020; 63:103176. [PMID: 33349590 PMCID: PMC7838052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human gut microbiota has emerged as a key factor in the development of obesity. Certain probiotic strains have shown anti-obesity effects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 has anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and whether B. longum APC1472 supplementation reduces body-mass index (BMI) in healthy overweight/obese individuals as the primary outcome. B. longum APC1472 effects on waist-to-hip ratio (W/H ratio) and on obesity-associated plasma biomarkers were analysed as secondary outcomes. Methods B. longum APC1472 was administered to HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice in drinking water for 16 weeks. In the human intervention trial, participants received B. longum APC1472 or placebo supplementation for 12 weeks, during which primary and secondary outcomes were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Findings B. longum APC1472 supplementation was associated with decreased bodyweight, fat depots accumulation and increased glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. While, in healthy overweight/obese adults, the supplementation of B. longum APC1472 strain did not change primary outcomes of BMI (0.03, 95% CI [-0.4, 0.3]) or W/H ratio (0.003, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.01]), a positive effect on the secondary outcome of fasting blood glucose levels was found (-0.299, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.09]). Interpretation This study shows a positive translational effect of B. longum APC1472 on fasting blood glucose from a preclinical mouse model of obesity to a human intervention study in otherwise healthy overweight and obese individuals. This highlights the promising potential of B. longum APC1472 to be developed as a valuable supplement in reducing specific markers of obesity. Funding This research was funded in part by Science Foundation Ireland in the form of a Research Centre grant (SFI/12/RC/2273) to APC Microbiome Ireland and by a research grant from Cremo S.A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | - Avery Mitchell
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Verpaalen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Amy Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Fouhy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; College of Science Engineering & Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Aviram-Friedman R, Kafri L, Baz G, Alyagon U, Zangen A. Prisoners of Addictive Cues: Biobehavioral Markers of Overweight and Obese Adults with Food Addiction. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113563. [PMID: 33233720 PMCID: PMC7699916 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with food and eating addiction (FA), but the biobehavioral markers of this condition are poorly understood. To characterize FA, we recruited 18 healthy controls and overweight/obese adults with (n = 31) and without (n = 17) FA (H-C, FAOB, NFAOB, respectively) to assess alpha brain asymmetry at rest using electroencephalogram; event-related potentials following exposure to high-calorie food (HCF), low-calorie food (LCF), and nonfood (NF) images in a Stroop paradigm; reaction time reflective of the Stroop bias; and symptoms of depression and disordered eating behavior. The FAOB group had the greatest emotional and uncontrollable eating, depressive, and binge-eating symptoms. The FAOB group displayed lower resting left alpha brain asymmetry than that of the NFAOB group. Differently from the other groups, the FAOB group presented attenuated Stroop bias following exposure to HCF relative to NF images, as well as a lower late positive potential component (LPPb; 450-495 ms) in both frontal and occipital regions. In the total cohort, a correlation was found between the Stroop bias and the LPPb amplitude. These results point to biobehavioral hypervigilance in response to addictive food triggers in overweight/obese adults with FA. This resembles other addictive disorders but is absent in overweight/obesity without FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Aviram-Friedman
- Correspondence: (R.A.-F.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +972-52-6066876 or +972-8-6472646 (R.A.-F. & A.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Abraham Zangen
- Correspondence: (R.A.-F.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +972-52-6066876 or +972-8-6472646 (R.A.-F. & A.Z.)
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22
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Jehan S, Zizi F, Pandi-Perumal SR, McFarlane SI, Jean-Louis G, Myers AK. Energy imbalance: obesity, associated comorbidities, prevention, management and public health implications. ADVANCES IN OBESITY, WEIGHT MANAGEMENT & CONTROL 2020; 10:146-161. [PMID: 33305001 PMCID: PMC7725222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been continually increasing, as have its associated comorbidities and health care costs. Effective management of obesity and early intervention measures are necessary to overcome this global issue. The responsibility for preventing and managing this global epidemic does not lie solely on an individual, but also on the entire health care system. Policy makers-nationally and globally-must play their roles to solve the issue. In this review article, we examine methods of controlling and managing obesity through interventions, such as a low caloric diet, physical exercise, pharmacological guidance, and bariatric surgical procedures. While health care professionals should educate patients about all available treatment options for severe obesity, bariatric surgical procedures have increased in popularity and are considered very beneficial with outcomes fruitful in managing severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Jehan
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, USA
| | - Ferdinand Zizi
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alyson K Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, USA
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23
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D’Antongiovanni V, Benvenuti L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, van den Wijngaard R, Cerantola S, Giron MC, Caputi V, Colucci R, Haskó G, Németh ZH, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. Glial A 2B Adenosine Receptors Modulate Abnormal Tachykininergic Responses and Prevent Enteric Inflammation Associated with High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051245. [PMID: 32443525 PMCID: PMC7290602 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role played by adenosine A2B receptors (A2BRs) in the regulation of enteric glial cell (EGC) functions remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the involvement of A2BRs in the control of EGC functions in a model of obesity. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks. Colonic tachykininergic contractions were recorded in the presence of BAY60-6583 (A2BRs agonist), MRS1754 (A2BRs antagonist), and the gliotoxin fluorocitrate. Immunofluorescence distribution of HuC/D, S100β, and A2BRs was assessed in whole mount preparations of colonic myenteric plexus. To mimic HFD, EGCs were incubated in vitro with palmitate (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in the absence or in the presence of A2BR ligands. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), substance P (SP), and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) release were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. MRS1754 enhanced electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions of colonic preparations from HFD mice. BAY60-6583 decreased the evoked tachykininergic contractions, with higher efficacy in HFD mice. Such effects were blunted upon incubation with fluorocitrate. In in vitro experiments on EGCs, PA and LPS increased TLR4 expression as well as IL-1β, GDNF, and SP release. Incubation with BAY60-6583 reduced TLR4 expression as well as IL-1β, GDNF, and SP release. Such effects were blunted by MRS1754. The present results suggest that A2BRs, expressed on EGCs, participate in the modulation of enteric inflammation and altered tachykininergic responses associated with obesity, thus representing a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| | | | - Renè van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Valentina Caputi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Gyorgy Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Zoltán H. Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
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Jalal MA, Cheng Q, Edye MB. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty with Comparison to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2020; 30:2754-2762. [PMID: 32304011 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) has grown in popularity as a potential minimally invasive bariatric procedure with acceptable short- and medium-term outcomes. This review aims to assess the safety and weight loss outcomes of ESG and compare it with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and World Wide Web was conducted. RESULTS Five studies were reviewed, three ESG cohort studies and two case-matched cohort studies comparing ESG with LSG. Total unique ESG and LSG patients were 1451 and 203, respectively. All papers demonstrated a modest short-term total body weight loss (TBWL%) at 6 months ranging from 13.7 to 15.2% for ESG. Comparably, the two LSG papers demonstrated a superior TBWL% of 23.5 and 23.6% at 6 months, with one paper reporting a 12-month TBWL% of 29.3%. Two ESG papers reported medium-term results at 18 and 24 months of 14.8% and 18.6%, respectively. Excluding Clavien-Dindo 1 complications, ESG had a complication rate between 2.0 and 2.7%, while comparatively, LSG had a complication rate between 9.2 and 16.9% (current literature reported as 8.7%). In both procedures, there were no grade IV or V complications. CONCLUSION ESG when compared with LSG has lower short-term weight loss outcomes with fewer complications. Weight loss results for ESG appear to plateau after the 1-year mark. The future and uptake of ESG as a minimally invasive bariatric procedure will be determined by its long-term data on potential weight loss sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asif Jalal
- Department of Surgery, Blacktown Hospital, 14 Blacktown Rd, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia. .,Discipline of Surgery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Qiuye Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Blacktown Hospital, 14 Blacktown Rd, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael B Edye
- Department of Surgery, Blacktown Hospital, 14 Blacktown Rd, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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da-Silva CAC, Leite AL, Moreira JA, Abreu DDC, Oliveira PEDA, Nunes DP, Magalhães MIS, Silva JBNF. Association of dyslipidemia, hypertension and overweight/obesity with work shift and duration of employment among police officers in a small town in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Med Trab 2019; 17:537-544. [PMID: 32685753 PMCID: PMC7363266 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases have impact on the job performance of police officers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of overweight/obesity and cardiovascular risk factors with work shift and duration of employment among police officers. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 102 police officers in Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil, in which we analyzed sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, personal history of disease and lifestyle. Statistical analysis included the chi-square and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Overweight/obesity was found among most participants (83.3%). Hypertriglyceridemia (49.1%), low HDL-C (56.9%) and high LDL-C (46.1%) levels were associated with abnormal BMI (p<0.05). Hypertension was the main disease reported by overweight/obese participants (28.2%) (p=0.01). Job position, lifestyle and work shift were not associated with any of the analyzed variables, however, abnormal BMI, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were frequent among the participants with 6-10 or more than 10 years in the job (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Part of the participants with at least 6 years in the job exhibited overweight/obesity in association with dyslipidemia and hypertension. We recommend prevention and therapeutic strategies to protect officers from chronic diseases or attenuate their long-term complications. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the associations we found, mainly between duration of employment and occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícero Adilson Coelho da-Silva
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Alexsandra Laurindo Leite
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Jéssica Alves Moreira
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Dandara Dias Cavalcante Abreu
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Pierri Emanoel de Abreu Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Daniella Pires Nunes
- Undergraduate nursing course, Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Palmas (TO), Brazil.Universidade Federal do TocantinsUndergraduate nursing courseUniversidade Federal do TocantinsBrazil
| | - Maria Iranilda Silva Magalhães
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - José Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
- Undergraduate medical course, Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Palmas (TO), Brazil.Universidade Federal do TocantinsUndergraduate medical courseUniversidade Federal do TocantinsBrazil
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Roberts HM, Grant MM, Hubber N, Super P, Singhal R, Chapple ILC. Impact of Bariatric Surgical Intervention on Peripheral Blood Neutrophil (PBN) Function in Obesity. Obes Surg 2019; 28:1611-1621. [PMID: 29238916 PMCID: PMC5973997 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-3063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of weight loss following gastric band surgery on multiple measures of peripheral blood neutrophil (PBN) function. Material and Methods Twenty-three obese patients undergoing gastric band surgery were recruited to a longitudinal intervention study, alongside non-obese, healthy gender- and age-matched controls. Eighteen pairs of patients and controls completed all stages of the study. PBNs were isolated by density centrifugation and a comprehensive analysis of PBN function was undertaken at various stages of the patients’ bariatric surgical care pathway. Results Obese patients exhibited exaggerated PBN activity in response to various stimuli, characterised by higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (n = 18, p < 0.001) and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (n = 10, p < 0.05) and lower PBN extracellular trap (NET) formation (n = 18, p < 0.01). PBN chemotactic accuracy was also impaired prior to surgery (n = 18, p < 0.01). Weight loss was associated with normalised NET production and lower ROS production and cytokine release relative to healthy controls. However, chemotactic accuracy remained impaired in patients. Conclusions Weight loss following gastric band surgery was associated with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory activities of peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs). A hyper-inflammatory PBN phenotype, involving excess ROS and cytokine release, reduced NET formation and chemotaxis, may lead to a reduced ability to eliminate infection, alongside inflammation-mediated tissue damage in obese individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11695-017-3063-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Roberts
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Dental Hospital (Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust), 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7ET, UK
| | - Melissa M Grant
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Dental Hospital (Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust), 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7ET, UK.
| | - Naomi Hubber
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Dental Hospital (Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust), 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7ET, UK
| | - Paul Super
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, B9 5SS, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rishi Singhal
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, B9 5SS, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Dental Hospital (Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust), 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7ET, UK
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Harris CM, Albaeni A, Wright S, Norris KC. Obesity as a Risk Factor Among Hospitalized Patients with Infective Endocarditis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz390. [PMID: 31660353 PMCID: PMC6786507 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity contributes to diagnostic and management challenges for many hospitalized patients. The impact of obesity on in-hospital outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis has not been studied and was the focus of this investigation. METHOD We used the 2013 and 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify adults ≥18 years of age with a principle diagnosis of endocarditis. We divided the sample into 2 groups based on presence of absence of obesity. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis was used to compare in-hospital mortality, valvular replacement, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization charges. RESULTS A total of 24 494 adults 18 years and older were hospitalized with infective endocarditis, of which 2625 were classified as obese. Patients with obesity were older (mean age, 57.8 ± 0.3 vs 54.3 ± 0.6 years; P < .01), more likely to be female (50.1% vs 36.1%; P < .01), and had more comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 3, 50.6% vs 28.8%; P < .01). Multivariate regression analysis found no differences between the 2 groups for mortality or repairs or replacements for any valve. On evaluation of resource utilization, patients with obesity had longer average LOS (13.9 days; confidence interval [CI], 12.7-15.1 vs 12.4 days; CI, 12.0-12.8; P = .016) and higher total hospital charges (US $160 789.90; CI, $140.922.40-$180 657.50 vs US $130 627.20; CI, $123 916.70-$137 337.70; P <.01). After adjustment for LOS for total hospital charges, there was no observed difference $11436.26 (CI, -$6649.07-$29521.6; P = .22). CONCLUSIONS . Obesity does not significantly impact in-hospital mortality or surgical valvular interventions among patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis, but obesity is associated with increased utilization of hospital resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ché Matthew Harris
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aiham Albaeni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Wright
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Rapid kVp switching dual-energy CT in the assessment of urolithiasis in patients with large body habitus: preliminary observations on image quality and stone characterization. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1019-1026. [PMID: 30415309 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the image quality (IQ) considerations of rapid kVp switching dual-energy CT (rsDECT) in the assessment of urolithiasis in patients with large body habitus and to evaluate whether it allows stone characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this IRB-approved, HIPAA compliant retrospective study, 93 consecutive patients (M/F = 72/21, mean age 56.9 years, range 23-83 years) with large body habitus (> 90 kg/198 lbs) who underwent dual-energy (DE) stone protocol CT on a rapid kVp switching DECT scanner between January 2013 and December 2016 were included. Scan acquisition protocol included an initial unenhanced single-energy CT (SECT) scan of KUB followed by targeted DECT in the region of stones. Two readers evaluated both CT data sets (axial 5 mm 120 kVp/140 kVp QC/70 keV monoenergetic, material density water/iodine images and coronal/sagittal 3 mm images) for the assessment of image quality (Scores: 1-4) and characterization of stone composition (reference standard: crystallography). RESULTS One hundred and five CT examinations were performed in 93 patients (mean body weight 105.12 ± 13.53 kg, range 91-154 kg), and a total of 321 urinary tract calculi (mean size-4.8 ± 3.2 mm, range 1.2-22 mm) were detected. Both SECT and targeted monoenergetic images were of acceptable image quality (mean IQ: 3.77 and 3.83, kappa 0.79 and 0.87 respectively). Material density water and iodine images had lower IQ scores (mean IQ: 2.97 and 3.09 respectively) with image quality deterioration due to severe photon starvation/streak artifacts in 20% (21/105) and 17% (18/105) scans, respectively. Characterization of stone composition into uric acid/non-uric acid stones was achieved in 93.14% (299/321) of calculi (mean size: 4.99 ± 3.3 mm, range 1.2-22 mm), while 7% (22/321) stones could not be characterized (mean size 3.03 ± 1.16 mm, range 1.6-6.4 mm) (p < 0.001). Most common reason for non-characterization was image quality deterioration of the material density iodine images due to severe photon starvation artifacts. On multivariate regression, stone size and patient weight were predictors of stone composition determination on DECT (p < 0.05). The transverse diameter had a weak negative correlation with stone composition determination, but it was not statistically significant. Stone characterization into uric acid vs. non-uric acid stones was accurate in 95% (n = 38/40) of stones in comparison with crystallography. CONCLUSION In patients with large body habitus, rsDECT allowed characterization of most calculi (93%) despite image quality deterioration due to photon starvation/streak artifacts in up to 20% of material density images. Stone size and patient weight were predictors of stone composition determination on DECT, and small calculi in very large patients may not be characterized.
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Integrating Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Hypothalamic Control of Metabolism: Crosstalk Between Nuclear Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072017. [PMID: 29997323 PMCID: PMC6073315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is well recognized as a significant global health issue. A better understanding of the energy homeostasis mechanisms could help to identify promising anti-obesity therapeutic strategies. It is well established that the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role governing energy balance. The hypothalamus consists of tightly interconnected and specialized neurons that permit the sensing and integration of several peripheral inputs, including metabolic and hormonal signals for an appropriate physiological response. Current evidence shows that thyroid hormones (THs) constitute one of the key endocrine factors governing the regulation and the integration of metabolic homeostasis at the hypothalamic level. THs modulate numerous genes involved in the central control of metabolism, as TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) and MC4R (Melanocortin 4 Receptor). THs act through their interaction with thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). Interestingly, TH signaling, especially regarding metabolic regulations, involves TRs crosstalk with other metabolically linked nuclear receptors (NRs) including PPAR (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) and LXR (Liver X receptor). In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the important role of THs integration of metabolic pathways in the central regulation of metabolism. Particularly, we will shed light on the crosstalk between TRs and other NRs in controlling energy homeostasis. This could be an important track for the development of attractive therapeutic compounds.
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Rhee EJ, Cho JH, Kwon H, Park SE, Park CY, Oh KW, Park SW, Lee WY. Increased risk of diabetes development in individuals with weight cycling over 4 years: The Kangbuk Samsung Health study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 139:230-238. [PMID: 29574105 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Weight cycling is defined as cyclical loss and gain of weight and recent studies suggest deleterious effects of weight cycling on cardiometabolic health. We aimed to analyze the risk for diabetes development in association with weight cycling over 4 years of follow-up. METHODS A retrospective study performed in 4,818 non-diabetic participants (mean age 43 years, 78.3% men) in a health screening program in whom serial health examinations were performed in 5 consecutive years from 2010 to 2014. Average successive variability of weight (ASVW) was defined by the amount of body weight change in absolute value between the successive years over 5 years summed and divided by four. The subjects were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI), normal weight (<23 kg/m2) and overweight (≥23 kg/m2). RESULTS Over 4 years, 3.2% developed diabetes. When the subjects were divided into 3 groups according to tertile groups of ASVW, those in the highest tertile showed significantly increased risk for diabetes development compared to those with the lowest tertile {odds ratio (OR) 1.860; 95% CI 1.130-3.063}. When similar analyses were performed according to the 4 groups divided by baseline body weight and ASVW over four years, those who were more than overweight at baseline with high ASVW showed significantly increased risk of diabetes development compared to those had normal weight and low ASVW (OR 2.266; 95% 1.123-4.572). When the subjects were divided into six group according to weight change and ASVW, those with increased weight over 4 years and high ASVW showed the highest risk for diabetes development among the groups compared to those with stable weight and low ASVW over four years (OR 3.660; 95% CI 1.402-9.553). CONCLUSIONS Those with high ASVW showed significantly increased risk for diabetes development over four years compared with those who had low ASVW. Weight cycling was significantly associated with increased risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Cho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Obesity, which has become a major global epidemic, is associated with numerous comorbidities and nearly every chronic condition. Mitochondria play a central role in this disorder, as they control cell metabolism, regulating important processes, such as ATP production, lipid β-oxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to regulate many biological processes associated with obesity, comprising adipocyte differentiation, insulin action, and fat metabolism. In addition, recent studies have confirmed that miRs are important regulators of mitochondrial function by either directly modulating mitochondrial proteins or targeting mitochondrial regulators, thereby modulating metabolic process in the context of obesity. In this review, we describe the different roles of mitochondria in obesity, specifically in adipose tissue, and those miRs that are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Murri
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Hamid El Azzouzi
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Seiler A, Chen MA, Brown RL, Fagundes CP. Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2018; 10:14-27. [PMID: 30662586 PMCID: PMC6335046 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize the critical role of obesity-associated inflammation, dietary factors, and nutrition in determining breast cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity-associated inflammation is strongly linked to breast cancer risk and progression, largely via two processes: inflammatory pathways and dysregulated metabolism. Cytokine production in excess adipose tissues creates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, which favors tumor development. Lifestyle factors, including diet, have long been recognized as important determinants of breast cancer risk and mortality. SUMMARY Obesity increases the risk of developing breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women and also negatively affects breast cancer recurrence and survival. Poor dietary habits characterized by the high intake of refined starches, sugar, and both saturated and trans-saturated fats, as well as the low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, natural antioxidants, and fiber, modulate inflammation and, thereby, appear to be linked to increased risk of breast cancer and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Seiler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 18, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ryan L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Rhee EJ. Being Metabolically Healthy, the Most Responsible Factor for Vascular Health. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:19-25. [PMID: 29504303 PMCID: PMC5842296 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.42.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. One-thirds of world population is suffering from the deleterious effects of excessive fat and adipose tissue in their body. At the same time, the average life expectancy is becoming higher and higher every decade. Therefore, living healthy and longer is the dream for everyone. Simply being obese is not the primary cause for the consequence of obesity; rather, the depot where the fat is accumulated, is the primary key for the deleterious effects of obesity. Results from historical research suggest that visceral fat increases the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, not subcutaneous fat. Therefore, body mass index (BMI), which reflects body weight relative to height might not reflect the appropriate size of metabolic burden of fat in our body. In contrast, waist circumference, which reflects abdominal obesity, would mirror the metabolic burden of fat better than BMI. Visceral fat is the marker of ectopic fat accumulation. In this review, I will introduce my researches mainly involved in uncovering the clues to the link between metabolic health and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Tallon JM, Narciso J, Barros A, Pereira A, Costa AM, Silva AJ. Obesity: Nutrition and Genetics—A Short Narrative Review. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.1012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rhee EJ. Weight Cycling and Its Cardiometabolic Impact. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:237-242. [PMID: 31089525 PMCID: PMC6489475 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dieting has multiple meanings including "intentional weight loss" or "a specific eating pattern." Although obesity is considered a deleterious health problem worldwide, there are many problems caused by "too strict" weight control and the need for excessive leanness. Many people with normal weight want to lose weight, and they repeat losing and gaining weight multiple times through their lives. This is called "weight cycling." Recent studies report not just the negative impact of being obese, but also the danger of weight cycling for cardiometabolic health. Many experimental studies support that weight cycling might cause fluctuations in cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic activity, and circulating levels of glucose, lipids and insulin. These repeated overshoots above normal values during periods of weight regain put an additional stress on the cardiovascular system. This paper reviews current evidence for the effects of weight cycling on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Busutil R, Espallardo O, Torres A, Martínez-Galdeano L, Zozaya N, Hidalgo-Vega Á. The impact of obesity on health-related quality of life in Spain. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:197. [PMID: 29017494 PMCID: PMC5634835 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that obesity is strongly associated with mortality and morbidity, but less is known about its impact on functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The purpose of this study was to calculate the impact of the Body Mass Index (BMI) on the HRQOL of the Spanish adult population, with special emphasis on BMI ≥ 35. METHODS We used the Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS) 2011-2012 to assess the statistical association between HRQOL, measured through the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire, and the BMI. We conducted linear regression analysis for the EuroQol-5D-5L Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and probit regressions for each of the five dimensions of the EuroQol-5D-5L. RESULTS Self-perceived problems in the five dimensions of the EuroQol-5D-5L increased along the BMI, especially in the mobility and pain/discomfort dimensions. Having a BMI ≥ 35 reduced HRQOL even in the absence of chronic diseases. After controlling for comorbidities, severe obesity decreased the VAS score by an average of 1.9 points and increased the probability of reporting any HRQOL problem in mobility (11.8%), self-care (2.2%), usual activities (4.3%) and pain/discomfort (7.4%). No association was found between obesity and mental problems. All the parameters analysed suggest that HRQOL in women and people aged 65 years and over was significantly worse than average. CONCLUSIONS BMI is an explanatory factor of self-perceived quality of life. Obesity is associated with a worse HRQOL, especially in women and people aged over 64 years. These results may be useful for designing prevention or treatment health policies to target obesity among the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Busutil
- Seminario de Investigación en Economía y Salud, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Olga Espallardo
- Seminario de Investigación en Economía y Salud, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Néboa Zozaya
- Instituto Max Weber, c/ Norias 123, 28221 Majadahonda, Madrid Spain
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Subramani Y, Riad W, Chung F, Wong J. Optimal propofol induction dose in morbidly obese patients: A randomized controlled trial comparing the bispectral index and lean body weight scalar. Can J Anaesth 2017; 64:471-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-017-0852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Shrestha N, Pedisic Z, Neil-Sztramko S, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Hermans V. The Impact of Obesity in the Workplace: a Review of Contributing Factors, Consequences and Potential Solutions. Curr Obes Rep 2016; 5:344-60. [PMID: 27447869 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-016-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarized findings from previous reviews and the most recently published studies, regarding the following: (1) the association between two occupational risk factors-shift work and sedentary work-and obesity, (2) the effects of obesity on workplace productivity and (3) the effectiveness of workplace interventions aimed at preventing or reducing obesity. Despite some inconsistencies in findings, there is convincing evidence that shift work increases the risk of obesity, while most studies did not show a significant association between sedentary work and obesity. Overweight and obesity were found to be associated with absenteeism, disability pension and overall work impairment, whilst evidence of their relationship with presenteeism, unemployment and early retirement was not consistent. Due to the vast heterogeneity in the types of workplace-based interventions to prevent or treat obesity, no sound conclusions can as yet be drawn about their overall effectiveness and best practice recommendations for their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Active Living & Public Health Group, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Active Living & Public Health Group, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Veerle Hermans
- Faculty of Psychology &Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Calderón-Larrañaga A, Hernández-Olivan P, González-Rubio F, Gimeno-Feliu LA, Poblador-Plou B, Prados-Torres A. Multimorbidity and weight loss in obese primary care patients: longitudinal study based on electronic healthcare records. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006227. [PMID: 25783419 PMCID: PMC4368983 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the association between cardiovascular and mental comorbidities of obesity and weight loss registered in the electronic primary healthcare records. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal study of a cohort of adult patients assigned to any of the public primary care centres in Aragon, Spain, during 2010 and 2011. PARTICIPANTS Adult obese patients for whom data on their weight were available for 2010 (n=62,901), and for both 2010 and 2011 (n=42,428). OUTCOMES Weight loss (yes/no) was calculated based on the weight difference between the first value registered in 2010 and the last value registered in 2011. Multivariate logistic regression models were adjusted for individuals' age, sex, total number of chronic comorbidities, type of obesity and length of time between both weight measurements. RESULTS According to the recorded clinical information, 9 of 10 obese patients showed at least one chronic comorbidity. After adjusting for covariates, weight loss seemed to be more likely among obese patients with a diagnosis of diabetes and/or dementia and less likely among those with hypertension, anxiety and/or substance use problems (p<0.05). The probability of weight loss was also significantly higher in male patients with more severe obesity and older age. CONCLUSIONS An increased probability of weight loss over 1 year was observed in older obese male patients, especially among those already manifesting high levels of obesity and severe comorbidities such as diabetes and/or dementia. Yet patients with certain psychological problems showed lower rates of weight reduction. Future research should clarify if these differences persist beyond potential selective weight documentation in primary care, to better understand the trends in weight reduction among obese patients and the underlying role of general practitioners regarding such trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragón Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Francisca González-Rubio
- EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragón Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Delicias Sur Health Centre, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Gimeno-Feliu
- EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragón Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- San Pablo Health Centre, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Poblador-Plou
- EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragón Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexandra Prados-Torres
- EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragón Health Sciences Institute (IACS), IIS Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
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GARCIA-DIAZ DF, LOPEZ-LEGARREA P, QUINTERO P, MARTINEZ JA. Vitamin C in the Treatment and/or Prevention of Obesity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 60:367-79. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo QUINTERO
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
| | - Jose Alfredo MARTINEZ
- CIBERobn. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra
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