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Cho IY, Chang Y, Sung E, Park B, Kang JH, Shin H, Wild SH, Byrne CD, Ryu S. Glycemic status, insulin resistance, and mortality from lung cancer among individuals with and without diabetes. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38902745 PMCID: PMC11188269 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of glycemic status and insulin resistance on lung cancer remain unclear. We investigated the associations between both glycemic status and insulin resistance, and lung cancer mortality, in a young and middle-aged population with and without diabetes. METHODS This cohort study involved individuals who participated in routine health examinations. Lung cancer mortality was identified using national death records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for lung cancer mortality risk. RESULTS Among 666,888 individuals (mean age 39.9 ± 10.9 years) followed for 8.3 years (interquartile range, 4.6-12.7), 602 lung cancer deaths occurred. Among individuals without diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for lung cancer mortality comparing hemoglobin A1c categories (5.7-5.9, 6.0-6.4, and ≥ 6.5% or 39-41, 42-46, and ≥ 48 mmol/mol, respectively) with the reference (< 5.7% or < 39 mmol/mol) were 1.39 (1.13-1.71), 1.72 (1.33-2.20), and 2.22 (1.56-3.17), respectively. Lung cancer mortality was associated with fasting blood glucose categories in a dose-response manner (P for trend = 0.001) and with previously diagnosed diabetes. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5) in individuals without diabetes was also associated with lung cancer mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.13-1.75). These associations remained after adjusting for changing status in glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin resistance, smoking status, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates. CONCLUSIONS Glycemic status within both diabetes and prediabetes ranges and insulin resistance were independently associated with an increased risk of lung cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250 Taepyung-Ro 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heon Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250 Taepyung-Ro 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea.
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Wei HH, Lai YC, Lin G, Lin CW, Chang YC, Chang JWC, Liou MJ, Chen IW. Distinct changes to pancreatic volume rather than pancreatic autoantibody positivity: insights into immune checkpoint inhibitors induced diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:26. [PMID: 38254155 PMCID: PMC10804587 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are promising treatment options for various cancers. However, their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including ICI-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM). This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of ICI-DM, with a particular focus on alterations to pancreatic volume. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 2829 patients who received ICI treatment at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, between January 2014 and December 2021. New-onset diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was identified in ten patients receiving ICI therapy. Pancreatic volumes were assessed by manual segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images before and after ICI-DM diagnosis. RESULTS Among these ten patients, nivolumab was the most commonly used ICI (50.0%), followed by pembrolizumab (30.0%) and atezolizumab (20.0%). One patient received combination therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab. The median age was 63.01 years (range: 40.1 - 87.8). ICI-DM developed after a median of 13.5 cycles (range: 2 - 42) of ICI treatment or 9.85 months (range:1.5 - 21.3) since ICI initiation. The initial presentation was DKA in 60.0% of patients. All patients had low or undetectable C-peptide levels (range: <0.033 - 0.133 nmol/L) and were negative for most type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-related autoantibodies; only one patient tested positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. CT imaging revealed significant pancreatic atrophy, with a median pancreatic volume decrease of 19.92% (P = 0.038) from baseline and sustained significant decline at last follow-up (median - 37.14%, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS ICI-DM is often accompanied by pancreatic atrophy and approximately two-thirds of patients initially present with DKA. Although the majority of ICI-DM patients lack T1DM-related autoantibodies, identifying diminished pancreatic volumes through CT imaging provides valuable clues into the subclinical aspects of ICI-DM development, aiding in the prevention of diabetic emergencies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hui Wei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - John Wen-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Miaw-Jene Liou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
- Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Wen Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5, Fusing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
- Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Yoo J, Jeon J, Baek M, Song SO, Kim J. Impact of statin treatment on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:806. [PMID: 37951886 PMCID: PMC10640735 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients. Previous studies have suggested that statins may be helpful for prevention of CVD in T1D, but there are limited data on the role of statins in T1D. We investigated the relationship between statin treatment and cardiovascular risk in T1D patients using a population-based cohort. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korean nationwide health insurance database from January 2007 to December 2017. This study included 11,009 T1D patients aged ≥ 20 years without a prior history of CVD. The primary outcome was a composite development of stroke or myocardial infarction. Statin use during follow-up was treated as a time-varying variable. We performed a multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analysis adjusting for sex, age, type of insurance, hypertension, renal disease, and use of antiplatelets and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 9.9 ± 3.7 years of follow-up, 931 T1D patients (8.5%) suffered primary outcome. Statin treatment was associated with a reduced risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.88; p < 0.001). Statin use led to decreased risks of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, but was not related to hemorrhagic stroke. We also found that the risk of cardiovascular events decreased as the cumulative exposure duration of statins increased. CONCLUSIONS Statin use was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events in T1D patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the potential role of statins in prevention of CVD in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoul Baek
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.
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Lim Y, Kim HJ, Yoon SS, Lee SJ, Lee MH, Park H, Park SJ, Jeong S, Han HW. Exercise Frequency Reduction Is Associated With Higher Risk of Infection in Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e176. [PMID: 37309695 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is an important method to control the progression of diabetes. Since diabetes compromises immune function and increases the risk of infectious diseases, we hypothesized that exercise may affect the risk of infection by its immunoprotective effects. However, population-based cohort studies regarding the association between exercise and the risk of infection are limited, especially regarding changes in exercise frequency. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the change in exercise frequency and the risk of infection among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. METHODS Data of 10,023 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. Self-reported questionnaires for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were used to classify changes in exercise frequency between two consecutive two-year periods of health screenings (2009-2010 and 2011-2012). The association between changes in exercise frequency and the risk of infection was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression. RESULTS Compared with engaging in ≥ 5 times of MVPA/week during both periods, a radical decrease in MVPA (from ≥ 5 times of MVPA/week to physical inactivity) was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.48) and upper respiratory tract infection (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31). In addition, a reduction of MVPA from ≥ 5 to < 5 times of MVPA/week was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.27), whereas the risk of upper respiratory tract infection was not higher. CONCLUSION Among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, a reduction in exercise frequency was related to an increase in the risk of pneumonia. For patients with diabetes, a modest level of physical activity may need to be maintained to reduce the risk of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Myeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
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Shin MK, Kim KN. Association between long-term air pollution exposure and development of diabetes among community-dwelling adults: Modification of the associations by dietary nutrients. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107908. [PMID: 37004480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the modifying effects of dietary factors on the association between air pollution and diabetes-related outcomes are limited. We examined whether dietary nutrients could modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and the development of diabetes. METHODS We used data from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study, which enrolled adults aged 40-69 years in Korea between 2005 and 2011 and followed them up until 2016 (n = 14,667). Annual concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at each participant's residence(s) were estimated using community multiscale air quality models. Intake of 22 dietary nutrients was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire during the baseline survey. We examined the product terms between air pollution levels (continuous) and each dietary nutrient (quartile) using Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS PM2.5 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 2.00] and NO2 (HR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.12, 1.49) concentrations were found to be associated with incident diabetes. NO2 levels interacted with dietary intake of retinol, vitamin A, and cholesterol (p-values for interaction < 0.05). Stronger associations were observed between NO2 levels and the occurrence of diabetes among individuals with a lower intake of these nutrients compared to those with a higher intake. No interaction was found between PM2.5 and the 22 investigated dietary nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Adequate intake of dietary nutrients, such as retinol, vitamin A, and cholesterol, from various food items in a balanced diet may prevent the occurrence of diabetes in a setting wherein reduction of air pollution levels cannot be achieved in a short time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Kyung Shin
- Department of Preventive, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Kim G, Kim BS, Han KD, Kwon SY, Park SH, Lee YB, Jin SM, Kim JH. Insulin Fact Sheet in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Trends of Antidiabetic Medication Use in Insulin Users with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2002 to 2019. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:211-219. [PMID: 36746784 PMCID: PMC10040621 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the trends of insulin use among Korean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Changes in prescription of antidiabetic medications in T2DM patients taking insulin therapy were evaluated. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea to evaluate the prevalence of insulin users and trends of insulin use in T1DM and T2DM patients from January 2002 to December 2019. We also investigated numbers and types of antidiabetic medications in insulin users with T2DM. RESULTS The overall total number of insulin users increased from 2002 to 2019, reaching 348,254 for T2DM and 20,287 for T1DM in 2019 compared with 109,974 for T2DM and 34,972 for T1DM in 2002. The proportion of patients using basal analogs and short acting analogs have increased and those using human insulin, premixed insulin, or biphasic human insulin have decreased (rapid acting analogs: 71.85% and 24.12% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019; basal analogs: 76.75% and 75.09% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019). The use of other antidiabetic medication in addition to insulin increased for T2DM, especially in dual therapy, reaching up to 52.35% in 2019 compared with 16.72% in 2002. CONCLUSION The proportion of the patients using basal or rapid acting analogs increased among all insulin users in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Among patients with T2DM, the proportion of patients using antidiabetic medications in addition to insulin was significantly increased compared to those who used insulin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SW, Han K, Kwon HS. Association of Body Mass Index and Fracture Risk Varied by Affected Bones in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:242-254. [PMID: 36653892 PMCID: PMC10040616 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for the type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and T2DM accompanies various complications, such as fractures. We investigated the effects of BMI and T2DM on fracture risk and analyzed whether the association varied with fracture locations. METHODS This study is a nationwide population-based cohort study that included all people with T2DM (n=2,746,078) who received the National Screening Program during 2009-2012. According to the anatomical location of the fracture, the incidence rate and hazard ratio (HR) were analyzed by dividing it into four categories: vertebra, hip, limbs, and total fracture. RESULTS The total fracture had higher HR in the underweight group (HR, 1.268; 95% CI, 1.228 to 1.309) and lower HR in the obese group (HR, 0.891; 95% CI, 0.882 to 0.901) and the morbidly obese group (HR, 0.873; 95% CI, 0.857 to 0.89), compared to reference (normal BMI group). Similar trends were observed for HR of vertebra fracture. The risk of hip fracture was most prominent, the risk of hip fracture increased in the underweight group (HR, 1.896; 95% CI, 1.178 to 2.021) and decreased in the obesity (HR, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.624 to 0.663) and morbidly obesity group (HR, 0.627; 95% CI, 0.591 to 0.665). Lastly, fracture risk was least affected by BMI for limbs. CONCLUSION In T2DM patients, underweight tends to increase fracture risk, and overweight tends to lower fracture risk, but association between BMI and fracture risk varied depending on the affected bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Kyungdo Han https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-1263 Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Korea E-mail:
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Hyuk-Sang Kwon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-4572 Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea E-mail:
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Jin H, Kim YA, Lee Y, Kwon SH, Do AR, Seo S, Won S, Seo JH. Identification of genetic variants associated with diabetic kidney disease in multiple Korean cohorts via a genome-wide association study mega-analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:16. [PMID: 36627639 PMCID: PMC9832630 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is complex, involving metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Although DKD has been established as a heritable disorder and several genetic studies have been conducted, the identification of unique genetic variants for DKD is limited by its multiplex classification based on the phenotypes of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, we aimed to identify the genetic variants related to DKD that differentiate it from type 2 DM and CKD. METHODS We conducted a large-scale genome-wide association study mega-analysis, combining Korean multi-cohorts using multinomial logistic regression. A total of 33,879 patients were classified into four groups-normal, DM without CKD, CKD without DM, and DKD-and were further analyzed to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DKD. Additionally, fine-mapping analysis was conducted to investigate whether the variants of interest contribute to a trait. Conditional analyses adjusting for the effect of type 1 DM (T1D)-associated HLA variants were also performed to remove confounding factors of genetic association with T1D. Moreover, analysis of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) was performed using the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE30529). The significant eQTL DEGs were used to explore the predicted interaction networks using search tools for the retrieval of interacting genes and proteins. RESULTS We identified three novel SNPs [rs3128852 (P = 8.21×10-25), rs117744700 (P = 8.28×10-10), and rs28366355 (P = 2.04×10-8)] associated with DKD. Moreover, the fine-mapping study validated the causal relationship between rs3128852 and DKD. rs3128852 is an eQTL for TRIM27 in whole blood tissues and HLA-A in adipose-subcutaneous tissues. rs28366355 is an eQTL for HLA-group genes present in most tissues. CONCLUSIONS We successfully identified SNPs (rs3128852, rs117744700, and rs28366355) associated with DKD and verified the causal association between rs3128852 and DKD. According to the in silico analysis, TRIM27 and HLA-A can define DKD pathophysiology and are associated with immune response and autophagy. However, further research is necessary to understand the mechanism of immunity and autophagy in the pathophysiology of DKD and to prevent and treat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Jin
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil 53, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kwon
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil 53, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ra Do
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of National Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Seo
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,RexSoft Corps, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil 53, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee DH, Yang B, Gu S, Kim EG, Kim Y, Kang HK, Choe YH, Jeon HJ, Park S, Lee H. Influenza vaccination trend and related factors among patients with diabetes in Korea: Analysis using a nationwide database. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077846. [PMID: 36817596 PMCID: PMC9935563 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with diabetes are at higher risk of serious influenza-related complications. We aimed to investigate the yearly trend of influenza vaccination and factors associated with being unvaccinated for influenza in subjects with diabetes using a nationwide observational study performed within the recent decade. METHODS Among 105,732 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2019, 8,632 with diabetes were included. We investigated the yearly trend of influenza vaccination and factors associated with being unvaccinated for influenza. RESULTS During the study period, the prevalence of influenza vaccination in subjects with diabetes showed a tendency to increase every year, reaching almost 60% in 2019, which was higher than the rate in subjects without diabetes. Younger age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI] 11.29 [8.63-14.75] for < 50 years; 6.16 [5.21-7.29] for 50-65 years), male (aHR 1.67 [1.52-1.87]), current smoker (aHR 1.31 [1.00-1.72], lower-income status (aHR 1.46 [1.17, 1.84]), and high education level (aHR 1.30 [1.01-1.67]) were associated with being unvaccinated. Also, a poorer glycemic control with HbA1c ≥ 9% was found to be correlated with unvaccinated status (aHR 1.48 [1.15-1.90]). CONCLUSION The influenza vaccination rate is still unsatisfactory in subjects with diabetes. Young age, males, low-income level, high education level, and poor glycemic control were associated with unvaccinated status. Considering the risk-benefits of influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes, physicians should make an effort to increase vaccination rates, especially in low vaccination rate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwa Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhye Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youlim Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koo Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hun Choe
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xue L, Wang H, He Y, Sui M, Li H, Mei L, Ying X. Incidence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population: a dynamic cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060730. [PMID: 36410801 PMCID: PMC9680191 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a common condition often associated with an ageing population. However, only few longitudinal studies in China have investigated the incidence of diabetes and identified its risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of diabetes in Chinese people aged ≥45 years using the harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. DESIGN A dynamic cohort study. SETTING The harmonised CHARLS 2011-2018. PARTICIPANTS 19 988 adults aged ≥45 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Incident diabetes from 2011 to 2018. RESULTS The harmonised CHARLS is a representative longitudinal survey of people aged ≥45 years. Using data extracted from the harmonised CHARLS, we calculated the incidence of diabetes and used a competing risk model to determine risk factors of diabetes. In 2011-2013, 2013-2015, 2015-2018, the crude incidence of diabetes among middle-aged and older people in China was 1403.21 (1227.09 to 1604.19), 1673.22 (1485.73 to 1883.92) and 3919.83 (3646.01 to 4213.30) per 100 000 person-years, respectively, with a significant increasing trend. There were no geographical variations in the incidence of diabetes. Age, obesity and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. CONCLUSION The incidence of diabetes increased annually, without any geographical differences. Age, obesity and alcohol consumption were found to be risk factors for incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xue
- Department of Health Economics, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Medical Services, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - YunZhen He
- Department of Health Economics, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyun Sui
- Department of Health Economics, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzheng Li
- Department of Health Economics, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Medical Services, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Ying
- Department of Health Economics, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
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11
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Lee MJ, Khang AR, Yi D, Kang YH. Low relative hand grip strength is associated with a higher risk for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among the Korean population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275746. [PMID: 36201556 PMCID: PMC9536551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between relative hand grip strength (HGS) and glycemic status, such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using the data from the KNHANES of 27,894 individuals from 2014 to 2019. Relative HGS was defined as the absolute HGS divided by body mass index and divided into quartiles in men and women. Odds ratios (OR) for diabetes and IFG were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by sex, and subgroup analysis was age-stratified. RESULTS The lowest relative HGS quartile had a significant increase in the risk for diabetes (men: OR 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-3.50; women: OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.70-4.24) and IFG (men: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15-1.59; women: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.40-1.84). The ORs for diabetes and IFG according to the decreasing quartiles of relative HGS gradually increased in both sexes (P for trend <0.001). ORs and 95% CI of the lowest relative HGS quartile for diabetes were higher in the younger age group than that of the older age group (men: 4.47 and 2.80-7.14 for young adults; 2.41 and 1.37-4.25 for older adults; women: 5.91 and 3.06-9.38 for young adults; 1.47 and 0.92-2.33 for older adults). ORs and 95% CI for IFG was similar with the trend of ORs for diabetes (men: 1.80 and 1.43-2.26 for young adults; 1.17 and 0.75-1.84 for older adults; women: 2.20 and 1.77-2.72 for young adults; 1.33 and 0.86-2.07 for older adults). CONCLUSION Lower relative HGS was associated with a higher risk of not only diabetes but also IFG in both sexes. These trends were stronger in younger adults than in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Khang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dongwon Yi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yang Ho Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lee SW, Han K, Kwon HS. Weight change and the risk of hip fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1755-1767. [PMID: 35438308 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Both weight gain and weight loss in type 2 diabetic population were associated with increased risk of hip fracture, while maintaining weight lowered the risk of hip fracture. Regarding the risk of hip fracture, we can propose active monitoring to maintain the weight of type 2 diabetes patients. INTRODUCTION In type 2 diabetes, patients are often asked to control their weight in order to reduce their diabetic morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends that diabetic patients conduct high-intensity interventions for regulating diet, physical activity, and behavior to reduce weight, followed by long-term comprehensive weight maintenance programs. Although such weight control attempts are required in diabetic patients, there are few studies on the effect of weight change on hip fracture in this population. We aim to investigate the association between body weight change and the incidence of hip fracture in subjects with type 2 diabetes using large-scale, nationwide cohort data on the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,447,579 subjects (894,204 men and 553,375 women) > 40 years of age, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, were enrolled in this study. Weight change within 2 years was divided into five categories: from weight loss ≥ 10% to weight gain ≥ 10%. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of hip fracture were analyzed, compared with the reference of the stable weight group (weight change < 5%). RESULTS Among 5 weight change groups, more than 10% weight loss showed the highest HR (HR, 1.605; 95% CI, 1.493 to 1.725), followed by more than 10% weight gain (HR, 1.457; 95% CI, 1.318 to 1.612). The effect of weight change on hip fracture risk was greater in males than in females, and those under 65 years of age were greater than those over 65 years of age. Baseline BMI did not play a role of weight change affecting the risk of hip fracture. The HR for hip fracture of subjects with regular exercise was lower than those without regular exercise. CONCLUSIONS In the type 2 diabetes population, both weight gain and weight loss were significantly associated with a higher risk of hip fracture, whereas maintaining body weight reduced the risk of hip fracture the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369, Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06978, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H-S Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, Yuksam-ro, Youngdeungpo-gu, 07345, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Solangi AG, Pirzada T, Shah AA, Halepoto IA, Chang AS, Solangi ZA, Solangi MY, Aftab U, Tonezzer M, Tahira A, Nafady A, Medany SS, Ibupoto ZH. Phytochemicals of mustard (
Brassica Campestris
) leaves tuned the nickel‐cobalt bimetallic oxide properties for enzyme‐free sensing of glucose. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tajness Pirzada
- Institute of Chemistry Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zulifqar Ali Solangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yameen Solangi
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Umair Aftab
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Matteo Tonezzer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Italian‐National‐Research‐Council (CNR) Trento Italy
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shymaa S. Medany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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14
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James S, Maniam J, Cheung PT, Urakami T, von Oettingen J, Likitmaskul S, Ogle G. Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:173-195. [PMID: 35433305 PMCID: PMC8985498 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence varies substantially between countries/ territories, with most studies indicating increasing incidence. In Western Pacific region (WPR), reported rates are much lower than European-origin populations. In contrast, there are reports of substantial numbers of young people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A deeper understanding of T1D and T2D in the WPR may illuminate factors important in pathogenesis of these conditions. Furthermore, with varying resources and funding for diabetes treatment in this region, there is a need to more clearly determine the current burden of disease and also any gaps in knowledge. AIM To compile and summarise published epidemiologic and phenotypic data on childhood diabetes in non-European populations in and from WPR. METHODS Research articles were systematically searched from PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane library, and gray literature. Primary outcome measures were incidence and prevalence, with secondary measures including phenotypic descriptions of diabetes, including diabetes type categorization, presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset, autoantibody positivity, C-peptide levels, and human leucocyte antigen phenotype. Extracted data were collected using a customized template. Three hundred and thirty relevant records were identified from 16 countries/territories, with analysis conducted on 265 (80.3%) records published from the year 2000. RESULTS T1D incidence ranged from < 1-7.3/100000 individuals/year, rates were highest in emigrant/ mixed populations and lowest in South-East Asia, with most countries/territories (71.4%) having no data since 1999. Incidence was increasing in all six countries/territories with data (annual increases 0.5%-14.2%, highest in China). Peak age-of-onset was 10-14 years, with a female case excess. Rate of DKA at onset varied from 19.3%-70%. Pancreatic autoantibodies at diagnosis were similar to European-origin populations, with glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibody frequency of 44.1%-64.5%, insulinoma-associated 2 autoantibody 43.5%-70.7%, and zinc transporter-8 autoantibody frequency 54.3% (one study). Fulminant T1D also occurs. T2D was not uncommon, with incidence in Japan and one Chinese study exceeding T1D rates. Monogenic forms also occurred in a number of countries. CONCLUSION T1D is less common, but generally has a classic phenotype. Some countries/ territories have rapidly increasing incidence. T2D is relatively common. Registries and studies are needed to fill many information gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven James
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie 4502, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayanthi Maniam
- Life for a Child Program, Diabetes NSW & ACT, Glebe 2017, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pik-To Cheung
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Virtus Medical Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tatsuhiko Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Julia von Oettingen
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H4A 3JI, Quebec, Canada
| | - Supawadee Likitmaskul
- Siriraj Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Graham Ogle
- Life for a Child Program, Diabetes NSW & ACT, Glebe 2017, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Kim JE. Illness Experiences of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:3117253. [PMID: 36582810 PMCID: PMC9794422 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3117253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at exploring the illness experiences of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Using semistructured questions, 12 adolescents with T1D in Korea were interviewed regarding their illness experiences. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Participants described their experiences in the core category, "becoming myself again," which resulted in 130 concepts, 36 subcategories, 13 categories, and five themes. The themes included tied, overwhelmed, running away, struggling, and conciliating. Tied, the first process, entailed three categories: "confined to blood sugar control," "feeling constrained," and "supervised by parents." The overwhelmed process included "self-banished" and "surrounded by stigma." Running away included three categories-"growing up," "folding," and "withdrawal." Struggling entailed "seeking for solution to overcome," "developing response skills," and "accepting help." The last process, conciliating, included "redefining my perspective" and "reconciling with myself." CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the illness experience of adolescents with T1D should be understood in terms of both physical and psychosocial dimensions, considering the sociocultural and developmental context. The results of this study provide valuable information on diabetes education. Moreover, these findings encourage nurses to develop intervention programs and strategies to help adolescents with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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16
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Song SO, Yun J, Ko S, Ahn Y, Kim B, Kim C, Jeon JY, Kim DJ, Seo DH, Kim SH, Noh JH, Lee DY, Kim K, Kim S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus in Korean adults: A multi-institutional joint research. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:47-53. [PMID: 34313011 PMCID: PMC8756324 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine the hospital-based prevalence and clinical features of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified all patients with diabetes who regularly visited the Endocrinology outpatient clinics at eight centers for a period >1 year between January 2012 and June 2017. We investigated their medical records retrospectively. RESULTS During this period, 76,309 patients with diabetes had been regularly followed up. Among them, 913 (1.2%) patients had type 1 diabetes mellitus . There were 462 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus whose data at the time of the first diagnosis could be identified (359 and 103 with non-ketosis and ketosis onset, respectively). Of these, 15 (3.2% of type 1 diabetes mellitus, 14.6% of ketosis onset diabetes) patients had fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. The median ages at diagnosis were 40 and 27 years in the fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus and non-fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus groups, respectively. The patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus had higher body mass index, lower glycated hemoglobin and fasting/peak C-peptide, and lower frequent glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-positive rate (P =0.0010) at diagnosis. Furthermore, they had lower glycated hemoglobin at the last follow-up examination than those with non-fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was 1.2% among all patients with diabetes, and that of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus was 3.2% among those newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The glycated hemoglobin levels were lower in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus than in those with non-fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus at diagnosis and at the last follow-up examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Song
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Health Insurance Service Ilsan HospitalGoyangKorea
| | - Jae‐Seung Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineSt. Vincent's HospitalThe Catholic University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Seung‐Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineSt. Vincent's HospitalThe Catholic University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yu‐Bae Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineSt. Vincent's HospitalThe Catholic University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Bo‐Yeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheon HospitalBucheonKorea
| | - Chul‐Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheon HospitalBucheonKorea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Da Hae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismInha University HospitalInha University School of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - So Hun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismInha University HospitalInha University School of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineInje University Ilsan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineGoyangKorea
| | - Da Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKorea University Ansan HospitalKorea University College of MedicineAnsanKorea
| | - Kyung‐Soo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeongnamKorea
| | - Soo‐Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineCHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeongnamKorea
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17
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Chang JY, Kim WJ, Kwon JH, Kim BJ, Kim JT, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee SJ, Park JM, Lee BC, Oh MS, Lee SH, Kim C, Kim DE, Lee KB, Park TH, Choi JC, Shin DI, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Lee JS, Bae HJ, Han MK. Prestroke Glucose Control and Functional Outcome in Patients With Acute Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke and Diabetes After Thrombectomy. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:2140-2148. [PMID: 34215632 PMCID: PMC8740925 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether prestroke glucose control is associated with functional outcomes in patients with acute large vessel occlusive stroke and diabetes who underwent intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea registry, we included patients with emergent large vessel occlusive stroke with diabetes who underwent IAT between January 2009 and March 2020. The association between the HbA1c level at admission and functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale at 3 months after the index stroke) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 1,351 patients were analyzed. Early neurological deterioration was more common in patients with higher levels of HbA1c at admission (P = 0.02 according to HbA1c quintiles, P = 0.003 according to an HbA1c cutoff value of 7.0%) than in those with lower HbA1c levels. Higher HbA1c levels at admission were significantly associated with decreased odds of favorable functional outcomes at a threshold of 7.0-7.1%. The association was consistently observed in subgroups divided according to age, sex, stroke subtype, occlusion site, degree of recanalization, thrombolysis modalities, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and treatment period. CONCLUSIONS Prestroke glucose control with a target HbA1c of ≤7.0% may be beneficial for neurological recovery in patients with diabetes undergoing IAT for large vessel occlusive stroke, regardless of stroke subtype, bridging intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, degree of recanalization, and treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Chang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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18
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Lee EB, Hong S, Min J, Park DH, Cho W, Suh SH, Lee HD, Lee HJ, Kimm H, Jee SH, Kang ES, Lee DH, Jeon JY. Association between domain-specific physical activity and diabetes in Korean adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13066. [PMID: 34158561 PMCID: PMC8219728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and diabetes in Korean adults. We analyzed 26,653 men and women (aged > 18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2018). PA was measured using a validated Global PA Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for various confounders. Transport PA accounted for the majority of total PA (46%, men; 58%, women), followed by leisure-time PA (30%; 22%) and work PA (24%; 20%). In men, ORs (95% CI) of diabetes comparing ≥ 600 metabolic task of equivalent (MET)-min/week vs. no activity were 0.82 (0.71–0.95) for leisure-time PA, 0.85 (0.75–0.96) for transport PA, and 0.88 (0.78–0.99) for leisure-time + transport PA. In women, ORs (95% CI) of diabetes comparing the same groups were 0.73 (0.60–0.89) for leisure-time PA, 0.97 (0.85–1.10) for transport PA, and 0.88 (0.78–1.00) for leisure-time + transport PA. However, work PA showed no association with diabetes. In conclusion, leisure-time PA was inversely associated with diabetes in both men and women, while transport PA was inversely associated only in men. But work PA was not associated with diabetes in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Byeol Lee
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihee Min
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonhee Cho
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Suh
- Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Dong Lee
- Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Joo Lee
- Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejin Kimm
- Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Institute for Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Institute for Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Kim JH, Lim JS. Trends of Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence among Korean Adolescents From 2007 to 2018. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e112. [PMID: 33942577 PMCID: PMC8093603 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide updated prevalence data and to estimate changes in the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adolescents by sex and age between 2007 and 2018. METHODS We used the data of children and adolescents (8,718 subjects aged 10 to 18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-VII (KNHANES 2007-2018). The recent prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was estimated by using the latest KNHANES VII. The linear trends were estimated by comparing 3-year KNHANES cycles according to sex and by using logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was 0.298% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.289-0.308) and 7.914% (95% CI, 0.43-0.49). The prevalence of diabetes significantly increased from 0.189 to 0.430 during KNHANE IV and VII. A positive linear trend is significant for diabetes (P trends = 0.006) in only male subjects. The prevalence of pre-diabetes significantly increased from 5.86 to 12.08 in both sexes. During KNHANES IV and VII, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly. CONCLUSION Between 2007 and 2018, the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Risk Factors of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Korean Adults: A National Cross-Sectional Study Using the KNHANES Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031195. [PMID: 33572855 PMCID: PMC7908078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the baseline risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with undiagnosed DM (UDM). We utilized the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2017 data. Data regarding the participants’ demographic characteristics, health status, health determinants, healthcare accessibility, and laboratory tests were gathered to explore the differences between the DM, UDM, and without-DM groups. Among the 64,759 individuals who participated in the KNHANES 2010–2017, 32,611 individuals aged ≥20 years with fasting plasma glucose levels of <100 or ≥126 mg/dL were selected. The odds ratios (ORs) regarding family history of diabetes and the performance of national health and cancer screening tests were lower in the UDM group than in the DM group (adjusted OR: 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 0.66; adjusted OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.89; adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.85). The ORs of hypertension and obesity were higher in the UDM group than in the DM group (adjusted OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.64; adjusted OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.36, respectively). Patients with UDM were more likely to be exposed to DM-related risk factors than those with and without DM. Public health interventions to prevent UDM development are necessary.
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21
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Han MJ, Heo JH. Increased Incidence of Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis After COVID-19: A Two-Center Retrospective Study in Korea. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:783-790. [PMID: 33654417 PMCID: PMC7910085 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s294458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the clinical characteristics and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to identify its indirect effects on DKA incidence. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 19 children with DKA admitted to the emergency room (ER) in two centers in Jeonbuk province, Korea during the first 6 months of the year from 2017 to 2020. Data were collected on age, height, body weight, clinical symptoms, diabetic mellitus (DM) type, and laboratory findings. DKA severity was based on the presence of acute kidney injury, cerebrovascular accident, and altered mental status. The ratio of patients with DKA in all pediatric patients who visited the study ERs and in the Jeonbuk population was also determined. RESULTS There were no differences in anthropometric characteristics and complication rates between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods; however, the rate of polydipsia was significantly higher in the COVID-19 period. All seven patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic (100%) had polydipsia and polyuria and were newly diagnosed with DM. The rate of pediatric patients with DKA admitted to the ER in 2020 (0.459%) was more than twice the mean rate of 0.206% for the four-year period. The incidence of DKA in the Jeonbuk population (0.00141%) also exceeded the mean rate (0.0009%). CONCLUSION The incidence of pediatric DKA might be higher due to the indirect effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians should be aware of nonspecific symptoms related to DKA in children admitted to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Heo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wonkwang National University Hospital, Iksan, 54887, Korea
- Correspondence: Jun Ho Heo Department of Emergency Medicine, Wonkwang National University Hospital, 895, Muwang-Ro, Iksan, 54887, KoreaTel +82-63-8591150Fax +82-63-8592129 Email
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22
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Park HY, Han K, Kim Y, Kim YH, Sur YJ. The risk of hip fractures in individuals over 50 years old with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes - A longitudinal nationwide population-based study. Bone 2021; 142:115691. [PMID: 33069920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hip fractures using a large-scale nationwide population-based cohort that is representative of the Republic of Korea. We determined the risks of hip fractures in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM with different diabetes durations, and compared them with the risks of hip fractures in individuals without T2DM. METHODS A total of 5,761,785 subjects over 50 years old who underwent the National Health Insurance Service medical checkup in 2009-2010 were included. Subjects were classified into 5 groups based on the diabetes status; Normal, Prediabetes, Newly-diagnosed T2DM, T2DM less than 5 years, and T2DM more than 5 years. They were followed from the date of the medical checkup to the end of 2016. The endpoint was a new development of hip fracture during follow-up. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hip fractures for each group were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. RESULTS The HRs of hip fractures were 1 in the Normal group, 1.032 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.056) in the Prediabetes group, 1.168 (95% CI: 1.113, 1.225) in the Newly-diagnosed T2DM2, 1.543 (95% CI: 1.495, 1.592) in the T2DM less than 5 years and 2.105 (95% CI: 2.054, 2.157) in the T2DM more than 5 years. The secular trend of the HRs of hip fractures according to the duration of T2DM was statistically significant (P < .001). Subgroup analyses also showed the same increasing pattern of the HRs of hip fractures according to the duration of T2DM in both sexes and all age groups (50-64 years, 65-74 years, over 75 years). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this large-scale, retrospective, longitudinal, nationwide population-based cohort study of 5,761,785 subjects demonstrated that the risks of hip fractures started to increase in prediabetes and was associated linearly with the duration of T2DM. The secular trend of risks of hip fractures according to the duration of T2DM was consistent in both sexes and all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Youn Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joon Sur
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Kim BJ, Kim JH, Kang JG, Kim BS, Kang JH. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131 724 Korean never smokers using self-reported questionnaires and cotinine levels: Gender differences. J Diabetes 2021; 13:43-53. [PMID: 32613744 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the gender-different associations between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diabetes in self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine. METHODS Self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine levels (<50 ng/mL) enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between April 2011 and December 2016 were included for this study. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or workplace. The gender-specific association between SHS exposure and diabetes was assessed using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS Of the total 131 724 individuals (mean age 35 years, SD 7.1 years), 66.8% were female, and the prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 22.9%. The prevalence of diabetes in the group exposed to SHS was higher than that in the group unexposed to SHS only in females (1.8% vs 1.2%, P < .001 for females; 2.2% vs 2.2%, P = .956 for males). A significant gender interaction existed for the relationships between SHS exposure and diabetes (P for interaction <.001). The multivariate regression model showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes only in females (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.40 [1.20, 1.65] for females; 1.00 [0.85, 1.19] for males). In particular, females with SHS exposure ≥1 hour/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years showed an increased risk of diabetes by more than 50% compared to those without SHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes in female never smokers with dose-dependent relationship. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the gender difference in the incidence of diabetes associated with SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Jang KB, Park KR, Kim KM, Hyun SK, Jeon JE, Song YS, Park SK, Moon KI, Ahn C, Lim SC, Lee J, Kim JC, Han H, Mhin S. Synthesis of NiCo2O4 Nanostructures and Their Electrochemial Properties for Glucose Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E55. [PMID: 33379350 PMCID: PMC7824400 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared spinel-type NiCo2O4 (NCO) nanopowders as a low-cost and sensitive electrochemical sensor for nonenzymatic glucose detection. A facile and simple chemical bath method to synthesize the NCO nanopowders is demonstrated. The effect of pH and annealing temperature on the formation mechanism of NCO nanoparticles was systematically investigated. Our studies show that different pHs of the precursor solution during synthesis result in different intermediate phases and relating chemical reactions for the formation of NCO nanoparticles. Different morphologies of the NCO depending on pHs are also discussed based on the mechanism of growth. Electrochemical performance of the prepared NCO was characterized towards glucose, which reveals that sensitivity and selectivity of the NCO are significantly related with the final microstructure combined with constituent species with multiple oxidation states in the spinel structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-bong Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 25 Younghyun-Dong, Incheon 22201, Korea; (K.-b.J.); (S.-k.H.)
| | - Kyoung Ryeol Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Korea; (K.R.P.); (J.-e.J.)
| | - Kang Min Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 137-41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangneung 25440, Korea;
| | - Soong-keun Hyun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 25 Younghyun-Dong, Incheon 22201, Korea; (K.-b.J.); (S.-k.H.)
| | - Jae-eun Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Korea; (K.R.P.); (J.-e.J.)
| | - Young Sik Song
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Incheon 21999, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.-k.P.); (K.-i.M.); (C.A.); (S.-c.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Soo-keun Park
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Incheon 21999, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.-k.P.); (K.-i.M.); (C.A.); (S.-c.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Kyoung-il Moon
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Incheon 21999, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.-k.P.); (K.-i.M.); (C.A.); (S.-c.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Chisung Ahn
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Incheon 21999, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.-k.P.); (K.-i.M.); (C.A.); (S.-c.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Sung-chul Lim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Incheon 21999, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.-k.P.); (K.-i.M.); (C.A.); (S.-c.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Incheon 21999, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.-k.P.); (K.-i.M.); (C.A.); (S.-c.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Daegu Mechatronics & Materials Institute, Seongseogongdan-r0 11-gil, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42714, Korea
| | - HyukSu Han
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sungwook Mhin
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Suwon 16227, Korea
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25
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Chun SY, Kim DW, Lee SA, Lee SJ, Chang JH, Choi YJ, Kim SW, Song SO. Does Diabetes Increase the Risk of Contracting COVID-19? A Population-Based Study in Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:897-907. [PMID: 33389959 PMCID: PMC7801768 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the infection risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with diabetes (according to treatment method). METHODS Claimed subjects to the Korean National Health Insurance claims database diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. Ten thousand sixty-nine patients with COVID-19 between January 28 and April 5, 2020, were included. Stratified random sampling of 1:5 was used to select the control group of COVID-19 patients. In total 50,587 subjects were selected as the control group. After deleting the missing values, 60,656 subjects were included. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratio (OR) indicated that diabetic insulin users had a higher risk of COVID-19 than subjects without diabetes (OR, 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.53; P=0.0278). In the subgroup analysis, infection risk was higher among diabetes male insulin users (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.89), those between 40 and 59 years (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.44). The infection risk was higher in diabetic insulin users with 2 to 4 years of morbidity (OR, 1.744; 95% CI, 1.003 to 3.044). CONCLUSION Some diabetic patients with certain conditions would be associated with a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19, highlighting their need for special attention. Efforts are warranted to ensure that diabetic patients have minimal exposure to the virus. It is important to establish proactive care and screening tests for diabetic patients suspected with COVID-19 for timely disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Youn Chun
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Big Data, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Su Jung Lee
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Medical Library, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Chang
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Pathology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Kim
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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26
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You JH, Lee SA, Chun SY, Song SO, Lee BW, Kim DJ, Boyko EJ. Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:901-908. [PMID: 33297603 PMCID: PMC7803612 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients with type 2 diabetes compared to those without diabetes in Korea. METHODS We extracted claims data for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea from January 20, 2020 to March 31, 2020. We followed up this cohort until death from COVID-19 or discharge from hospital. RESULTS A total of 5,473 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed, including 495 with type 2 diabetes and 4,978 without diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes were more likely to be treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P<0.0001). The incidence of inhospital mortality was higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.0001). After adjustment for age, sex, insurance status, and comorbidities, odds of ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 2.49; P=0.0416) and in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.21; P=0.0161) among patients with COVID-19 infection were significantly higher in those with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significant difference between patients with and without type 2 diabetes in ventilator, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antipyretics, and the incidence of pneumonia after adjustment. CONCLUSION COVID-19 positive patients with type 2 diabetes had poorer clinical outcomes with higher risk of ICU admission and in-hospital mortality than those without diabetes. Therefore, medical providers need to consider this more serious clinical course when planning and delivering care to type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong You
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Seoul,
Korea
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sung-Youn Chun
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Seoul,
Korea
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Seoul,
Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Edward J. Boyko
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
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Oh HJ, Lee HA, Moon CM, Ryu DR. The Combined Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Depends on Sex: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:506-514. [PMID: 32469174 PMCID: PMC7256003 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.6.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are considered factors increasing the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), their impact on CRC is not fully understood. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of CKD, DM, or both diseases on the risk of CRC and to evaluate sex differences therein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examination Cohort in Korea, we conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study. The disease groups consisted of CKD-/DM+ (n=17700), CKD+/DM- (n=22643), and CKD+/DM+ groups (n=8506). After 1:2 matching by age, sex, and health examination year and month, the healthy control group consisted of 97698 individuals. RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the CKD-/DM+, CKD+/DM-, and CKD+/DM+ groups were independently associated with an increased incidence of CRC, compared with controls [hazard ratio (HR), 1.34, 1.31, and 1.63, respectively; all p<0.001]. Compared to the controls, adjusted HRs for the cumulative incidence of CRC in the CKD-/DM+, CKD+/DM-, and CKD+/DM+ groups were, respectively, 1.32, 1.26, and 1.43 in male and 1.38, 1.39, and 2.00 in female. The HR for CRC incidence was significantly higher for the CKD+/DM+ group than for the CKD-/DM+ or CKD+/DM- group in female; however, this significant difference was not observed in male. CONCLUSION In female, having both CKD and DM significantly increases the risk of CRC, compared with having CKD or DM alone. This study suggests a significant difference in the effect of CKD or DM on the risk of CRC according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jung Oh
- Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Ryeol Ryu
- Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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28
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Longato E, Di Camillo B, Sparacino G, Saccavini C, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Diabetes diagnosis from administrative claims and estimation of the true prevalence of diabetes among 4.2 million individuals of the Veneto region (North East Italy). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:84-91. [PMID: 31757572 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes can often remain undiagnosed or unregistered in administrative databases long after its onset, even when laboratory test results meet diagnostic criteria. In the present work, we analyse healthcare data of the Veneto Region, North East Italy, with the aims of: (i) developing an algorithm for the identification of diabetes from administrative claims (4,236,007 citizens), (ii) assessing its reliability by comparing its performance with the gold standard clinical diagnosis from a clinical database (7525 patients), (iii) combining the algorithm and the laboratory data of the regional Health Information Exchange (rHIE) system (543,520 subjects) to identify undiagnosed diabetes, and (iv) providing a credible estimate of the true prevalence of diabetes in Veneto. METHODS AND RESULTS The proposed algorithm for the identification of diabetes was fed by administrative data related to drug dispensations, outpatient visits, and hospitalisations. Evaluated against a clinical database, the algorithm achieved 95.7% sensitivity, 87.9% specificity, and 97.6% precision. To identify possible cases of undiagnosed diabetes, we applied standard diagnostic criteria to the laboratory test results of the subjects who, according to the algorithm, had no diabetes-related claims. Using a simplified probabilistic model, we corrected our claims-based estimate of known diabetes (6.17% prevalence; 261,303 cases) to account for undiagnosed cases, yielding an estimated total prevalence of 7.50%. CONCLUSION We herein validated an algorithm for the diagnosis of diabetes using administrative claims against the clinical diagnosis. Together with rHIE laboratory data, this allowed to identify possibly undiagnosed diabetes and estimate the true prevalence of diabetes in Veneto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Longato
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sparacino
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Saccavini
- Arsenàl.IT, Veneto's Research Centre for eHealth Innovation, Treviso, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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29
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Kim EJ, Ha KH, Kim DJ, Choi YH. Diabetes and the Risk of Infection: A National Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:804-814. [PMID: 31701687 PMCID: PMC6943267 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that people with diabetes are vulnerable to infection. This study compared the risk of infection-related hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and deaths between the person with diabetes and the general population in South Korea. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of 66,426 diabetes and 132,852 age-sex-region-matched non-diabetes controls from the general population using a sample of data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The cohort was followed up for 9 years. Infections were classified into 17 separate categories. We used Poisson regression, with adjustment for household income and other comorbidities, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in order to compare of infection-related hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths. RESULTS Compared to non-diabetes controls, diabetes group had a greater risk of almost all the types of infections considered, with the adjusted IRRs (aIRRs) for infection-related hospitalizations being the highest for hepatic abscess (aIRR, 10.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.04 to 14.67), central nervous system (CNS) infections (aIRR, 8.72; 95% CI, 6.64 to 11.45), and skin and soft tissue infections other than cellulitis (SSTIs) (aIRR, 3.52; 95% CI, 3.20 to 3.88). Diabetes group also had a greater risk of ICU admission and death due to SSTIs (aIRR, 11.75; 95% CI, 7.32 to 18.86), CNS infections (aIRR, 5.25; 95% CI, 3.53 to 7.79), and bone and joint infections (aIRR, 4.78; 95% CI, 3.09 to 7.39). CONCLUSION In South Korea, people with diabetes has a considerably higher incidence of infection-related hospitalizations and deaths than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Hwa Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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30
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Lee SH, Kim HS, Park YM, Kwon HS, Yoon KH, Han K, Kim MK. HDL-Cholesterol, Its Variability, and the Risk of Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5633-5641. [PMID: 31408161 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The bidirectional relationship between low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glucose intolerance is well established. Recent studies suggested an association of lipid variability with various health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the combined effect of HDL-C levels and their variability on the risk of diabetes. DESIGN A population-based cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In all, 5,114,735 adults without known diabetes in the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort who underwent three or more health examinations from 2009 to 2013 were included. Visit-to-visit HDL-C variability was calculated using variability independent of the mean (VIM) and the coefficient of variation (CV). Low mean and high variability groups were defined as the lowest and highest quartiles of HDL-C mean and variability, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Newly developed diabetes. RESULTS There were 122,192 cases (2.4%) of incident diabetes during the median follow-up of 5.1 years. Lower mean or higher variability of HDL-C was associated with higher risk of diabetes in a stepwise manner, and an additive effect of the two measures was noted. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios and 95% CIs for incident diabetes were 1.20 (1.18 to 1.22) in the high mean/high VIM group, 1.35 (1.33 to 1.37) in the low mean/low VIM group, and 1.40 (1.38 to 1.42) in the low mean/high VIM group compared with the high mean/low VIM group. Similar results were observed when modeling the variability using CV and in various subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS Low mean and high variability in HDL-C were independent predictors of diabetes with an additive effect. Both elevating and stabilizing HDL-C may be important goals for reducing diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Sung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Magliano DJ, Islam RM, Barr ELM, Gregg EW, Pavkov ME, Harding JL, Tabesh M, Koye DN, Shaw JE. Trends in incidence of total or type 2 diabetes: systematic review. BMJ 2019; 366:l5003. [PMID: 31511236 PMCID: PMC6737490 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess what proportions of studies reported increasing, stable, or declining trends in the incidence of diagnosed diabetes. DESIGN Systematic review of studies reporting trends of diabetes incidence in adults from 1980 to 2017 according to PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and reference lists of relevant publications. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies of open population based cohorts, diabetes registries, and administrative and health insurance databases on secular trends in the incidence of total diabetes or type 2 diabetes in adults were included. Poisson regression was used to model data by age group and year. RESULTS Among the 22 833 screened abstracts, 47 studies were included, providing data on 121 separate sex specific or ethnicity specific populations; 42 (89%) of the included studies reported on diagnosed diabetes. In 1960-89, 36% (8/22) of the populations studied had increasing trends in incidence of diabetes, 55% (12/22) had stable trends, and 9% (2/22) had decreasing trends. In 1990-2005, diabetes incidence increased in 66% (33/50) of populations, was stable in 32% (16/50), and decreased in 2% (1/50). In 2006-14, increasing trends were reported in only 33% (11/33) of populations, whereas 30% (10/33) and 36% (12/33) had stable or declining incidence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of clinically diagnosed diabetes has continued to rise in only a minority of populations studied since 2006, with over a third of populations having a fall in incidence in this time period. Preventive strategies could have contributed to the fall in diabetes incidence in recent years. Data are limited in low and middle income countries, where trends in diabetes incidence could be different. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Prospero CRD42018092287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna J Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rakibul M Islam
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Edward W Gregg
- Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Division of Diabetes Translation, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Meda E Pavkov
- Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Division of Diabetes Translation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L Harding
- Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Division of Diabetes Translation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maryam Tabesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Digsu N Koye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Kim SH, Sung KC, Lee SK, Park J, Kim NH, Kim SH, Shin C. Longitudinal changes in left ventricular structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes: Normal weight versus overweight/obesity. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:450-457. [PMID: 31081361 PMCID: PMC7133711 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119843760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although reported to be independent of obesity, the longitudinal changes of left ventricular structure and function have not been well characterized in normal-weight individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 558 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study who underwent tissue Doppler echocardiography at baseline (cycle 4) and after 8 years (cycle 8) were classified into three groups based on body mass index and diabetes status: (1) normal-weight individuals without type 2 diabetes, (2) normal-weight individuals with type 2 diabetes and (3) overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Only overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes group had higher adjusted left ventricular mass index and lower tissue Doppler imaging early diastolic velocity and E/Em ratio compared with the normal-weight individuals without type 2 diabetes group at baseline and after 8 years. Participants in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes group also showed the higher prevalence and odds of left ventricular hypertrophy (16.0%; adjusted odds ratio: 2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-5.06) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (49.1%; 3.45; 1.01-4.32). Among participants with normal left ventricular structure and function at baseline, only overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes group was associated with greater incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (relative risk: 2.28; 1.04-4.98) over 8 years but not diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION Cross-sectional and longitudinal observations suggest that increasing body mass index category and its associated metabolic abnormalities at baseline are associated with an increased risk for left ventricular hypertrophy and greater impairment in left ventricular diastolic parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Body Mass Index
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/diagnostic imaging
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/epidemiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Echocardiography, Doppler
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/epidemiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity/diagnosis
- Obesity/epidemiology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Prevalence
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/epidemiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Juri Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Sun H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
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You JH, Song SO, Park SH, Park KH, Nam JY, Kim DW, Kim HM, Kim DJ, Lee YH, Lee BW. Trends in Hyperglycemic Crisis Hospitalizations and in- and out-of-Hospital Mortality in the Last Decade Based on Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:275-281. [PMID: 31565880 PMCID: PMC6769342 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemic crisis is a metabolic emergency associated with diabetes mellitus. However, accurate epidemiologic information on cases of hyperglycemic crisis in Korea remains scarce. We evaluated trends in hyperglycemic crisis hospitalizations and in- and out-of-hospital mortality in Korea. We also predicted future trends. METHODS We extracted claims data with hyperglycemic crisis as the principal diagnosis from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea from January 2004 to December 2013. We investigated the numbers of claims with hyperglycemic crisis and identified trends in hyperglycemic crisis based on those claims data. We predicted future trends by statistical estimation. RESULTS The total annual number of claims of hyperglycemic crisis increased from 2,674 in 2004 to 5,540 in 2013. Statistical analysis revealed an increasing trend in hyperglycemic crisis hospitalizations (P for trend <0.01). In contrast, the hospitalization rate per 1,000 diabetes cases showed a decreasing trend (P for trend <0.01) during this period. The mortality rate per 1,000 diabetes cases also showed a decreasing trend (P for trend <0.0001). However, no distinct linear trend in the case-related fatality rate at <60 days over the last decade was observed. The predicted number of annual claims of hyperglycemic crisis will increase by 2030. CONCLUSION The number of hyperglycemic crisis hospitalizations in Korea increased in the last decade, although the hospitalization rate per 1,000 diabetes cases and mortality rate decreased. Also, the predicted number of annual claims will increase in the future. Thus, it is necessary to establish long-term healthcare policies to prevent hyperglycemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong You
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Se Hee Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hye Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joo Young Nam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Policy Research Affairs, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Lee YB, Han K, Kim B, Jin SM, Lee SE, Jun JE, Ahn J, Kim G, Kim JH. High Proportion of Adult Cases and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Population in Korea: A Nationwide Study. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:76-89. [PMID: 30302960 PMCID: PMC6387882 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in all age groups and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with T1DM in Korea were estimated. METHODS The incidence and prevalence of T1DM between 2007 and 2013 were calculated using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) datasets of claims. Clinical characteristics and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with T1DM between 2009 and 2013 were determined using the database of NHIS preventive health checkups. RESULTS The prevalence of T1DM in Korea between 2007 and 2013 was 0.041% to 0.047%. The annual incidence rate of T1DM in Korea in 2007 to 2013 was 2.73 to 5.02/100,000 people. Although the incidence rate of typical T1DM was highest in teenagers, it remained steady in adults over 30 years of age. In contrast, the incidence rate of atypical T1DM in 2013 was higher in people aged 40 years or older than in younger age groups. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with T1DM was 51.65% to 55.06% between 2009 and 2013. CONCLUSION T1DM may be more common in Korean adults than previously believed. Metabolic syndrome may be a frequent finding in individuals with T1DM in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistic, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongsung Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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35
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Jeon JY, Kim SK, Kim KS, Song SO, Yun JS, Kim BY, Kim CH, Park SO, Hong S, Seo DH, Seo JA, Noh JH, Kim DJ. Clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis in users and non-users of SGLT2 inhibitors. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 45:453-457. [PMID: 30639566 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and compared the DKA characteristics between patients treated with and without SGLT2 inhibitors. METHODS Data were collected from patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted for DKA at nine centres in Korea between September 2014 and April 2017. The electronic medical records of these subjects were retrospectively reviewed. Based on their history of medications taken before admission, subjects were classified as either users or non-users of SGLT2 inhibitors and their clinical characteristics of DKA were compared. RESULTS During the study, the main subtype of DKA episodes (n = 523) was identified as type 2 diabetes (51%). Average hospitalization duration was 11 days, and average intensive care unit (ICU) time was 2.5 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3%, but no users of SGLT2 inhibitors died during DKA treatment. In patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 15), DKA manifested at 124 days, on average, after starting the inhibitors (range: 7-380 days). Also, SGLT2 inhibitors users had significantly lower plasma glucose levels (413 mg/dL) compared with non-users (554 mg/dL), and longer ICU stays (4 vs. 2 days; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION In this report of recent data on the clinical features of DKA in Korea, patients using SGLT2 inhibitors needed longer treatment in ICUs compared with non-users and had lower levels of blood glucose, whereas DKA associated with SGLT2 inhibitors was rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Centre, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K-S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Centre, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S O Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J-S Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - B-Y Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S O Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gwangmyeong Sungae Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Lee E, Choi EK, Han KD, Lee H, Choe WS, Lee SR, Cha MJ, Lim WH, Kim YJ, Oh S. Mortality and causes of death in patients with atrial fibrillation: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209687. [PMID: 30586468 PMCID: PMC6306259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with atrial fibrillation are known to have a high risk of mortality. There is a paucity of population-based studies about the impact of atrial fibrillation on the mortality risk stratified by age, sex, and detailed causes of death. Methods A total of 15,411 patients with atrial fibrillation from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort were enrolled, and causes of death were identified according to codes of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Results From 2002 to 2013, a total of 4,479 (29%) deaths were confirmed, and the crude mortality rate for all-cause death was 63.3 per 1,000 patient-years. Patients with atrial fibrillation had a 3.7-fold increased risk of all-cause death compared with the general population. The standardized mortality ratio for all-cause death was the highest in young patients and decreased with increasing age (standardized mortality ratio 21.93, 95% confidence interval 7.60–26.26 in patients aged <20 years; standardized mortality ratio 2.77, 95% confidence interval 2.63–2.91 in patients aged ≥80 years). Women with atrial fibrillation exhibited a greater excess mortality risk than men (standardized mortality ratio 3.81, 95% confidence interval 3.65–3.98 in women; standardized mortality ratio 3.35, 95% confidence interval 3.21–3.48 in men). Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death (38.5%), and cerebral infarction was the most common specific disease. Patients with atrial fibrillation had an about 5 times increased risk of death due to cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Conclusions Patients with atrial fibrillation had a 4 times increased risk of mortality compared with the general population. However, the impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality decreased with age and in men. Cerebral infarction was the most common cause of death, and more attention should be paid to reducing the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, SoonChunHyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ha KH, Lee YH, Song SO, Lee JW, Kim DW, Cho KH, Kim DJ. Development and Validation of the Korean Diabetes Risk Score: A 10-Year National Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:402-414. [PMID: 30113144 PMCID: PMC6202558 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diabetes risk score in Korean adults was developed and validated. METHODS This study used the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) of 359,349 people without diabetes at baseline to derive an equation for predicting the risk of developing diabetes, using Cox proportional hazards regression models. External validation was conducted using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Calibration and discrimination analyses were performed separately for men and women in the development and validation datasets. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 10.8 years, 37,678 cases (event rate=10.4 per 1,000 person-years) of diabetes were identified in the development cohort. The risk score included age, family history of diabetes, alcohol intake (only in men), smoking status, physical activity, use of antihypertensive therapy, use of statin therapy, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and γ glutamyl transferase (only in women). The C-statistics for the models for risk at 10 years were 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.73) for the men and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.78) for the women in the development dataset. In the validation dataset, the C-statistics were 0.63 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.73) for men and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.76) for women. CONCLUSION The Korean Diabetes Risk Score may identify people at high risk of developing diabetes and may be an effective tool for delaying or preventing the onset of condition as risk management strategies involving modifiable risk factors can be recommended to those identified as at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Policy Research Affairs, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Oh HJ, Lee S, Lee EK, Lee O, Ha E, Park EM, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Choi KB, Kim SJ, Ryu DR. Association of blood pressure components with mortality and cardiovascular events in prehypertensive individuals: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Ann Med 2018; 50:443-452. [PMID: 29929398 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1492146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of each blood pressure index [systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP)] on the occurrence of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events have not yet been investigated in prehypertensive populations. METHODS A total of 30,258 prehypertensive Korean participants underwent periodic health examination between 2003 and 2004 were enrolled, and the associations of BP components with mortality and CV events were investigated. Moreover, based on the DBP [80 ≤ DBP <90 mmHg (N = 21,323) and DBP <80 mmHg (N = 8,935)], the effects of BP components were also evaluated. RESULTS Multivariate Cox analyses in prehypertensive group revealed that the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.121 and 1.130 per 10 mmHg increase in SBP and PP for mortality, respectively. Additionally, 10 mmHg increase of SBP (HR:1.090) was still significantly, but increase of PP (HR:1.060) was marginally associated with higher incidence of CV events. However, there were no significant associations with increase in DBP or MAP on adverse clinical outcomes in prehypertensive group. In the prehypertensive subjects with DBP <80 mmHg, CV events more frequently occurred by 38.8% and 28.5% per 10 mmHg increase in SBP and PP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Prehypertensive subjects might need to be cautioned when they have high SBP or PP with low DBP even in healthy populations. Key message Prehypertensive subjects should be cautioned when they have high-systolic blood pressure or pulse pressure with low-diastolic blood pressure, even without previous hypertension, diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jung Oh
- a Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine , Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,b Research Institute for Human Health Information , Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- c Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lee
- d Department of Statistics , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Oesook Lee
- d Department of Statistics , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- c Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea.,e Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- f Department of Pharmacology , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,g Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kim
- h Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- h Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyu Bok Choi
- h Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- i Department of Internal Medicine , International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- b Research Institute for Human Health Information , Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,g Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,h Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
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Lee M, Hong N, Lee YH, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee BW. Elevated N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, a urinary tubular damage marker, is a significant predictor of carotid artery atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes, independent of albuminuria: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:777-783. [PMID: 29980431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence has shown that renal tubulointerstitial injuries play an important role in diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we evaluated the association between urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (uNAG), an early renal tubular damage marker, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 88 patients with T1D. Demographic and laboratory data; urinary indices, including urinary NAG-to-creatinine ratio (uNCR), and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR); and carotid ultrasonography were investigated. RESULTS Eighty-eight subjects were divided into three groups based on uNCR tertiles. Subjects belonging to the highest tertile of uNCR had the highest average mean and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). An elevated uNCR was also significantly correlated with increased average mean and maximum carotid IMT, whereas an elevated uACR was not. Even after adjusting for confounding factors, uNCR continued to be a meaningful predictive marker for increased average mean and maximum IMT. Conversely, the uACR could not predict carotid IMT after adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of uNAG are significantly associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with T1D independently of albuminuria, a marker of glomerular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Namki Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Bong Soo Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Oh J, Kim JH, Park HD. Clinical Utility and Cross-Reactivity of Insulin and C-Peptide Assays by the Lumipulse G1200 System. Ann Lab Med 2018; 38:530-537. [PMID: 30027696 PMCID: PMC6056384 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.6.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of insulin and C-peptide concentrations is important for deciding whether insulin treatment is required in diabetic patients. We aimed to investigate the analytical performance of insulin and C-peptide assays using the Lumipulse G1200 system (Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan). METHODS We examined the precision, linearity, and cross-reactivity of insulin and C-peptide using five insulin analogues and purified proinsulin. A method comparison was conducted between the Lumipulse G1200 and Roche E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) systems in 200 diabetic patients on insulin treatment. Reference intervals for insulin and C-peptide concentrations were determined in 279 healthy individuals. RESULTS For insulin and C-peptide assays, within-laboratory precision (% CV) was 3.78-4.14 and 2.89-3.35%, respectively. The linearity of the insulin assay in the range of 0-2,778 pmol/L was R²=0.9997, and that of the C-peptide assay in the range of 0-10 nmol/L was R²=0.9996. The correlation coefficient (r) between the Roche E170 and Lumipulse G1200 results was 0.943 (P<0.001) for insulin and 0.996 (P<0.001) for C-peptide. The mean differences in insulin and C-peptide between Lumipulse G1200 and the Roche E170 were 19.4 pmol/L and 0.2 nmol/L, respectively. None of the insulin analogues or proinsulin showed significant cross-reactivity with the Lumipulse G1200. Reference intervals of insulin and C-peptide were 7.64-70.14 pmol/L and 0.17-0.85 nmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Insulin and C-peptide tests on the Lumipulse G1200 show adequate analytical performance and are expected to be acceptable for use in clinical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Doo Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee DH, Ha KH, Kim HC, Kim DJ. Association of Body Mass Index with Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in People with Diabetes. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:61-70. [PMID: 31089542 PMCID: PMC6489483 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and obesity in people with diabetes is still controversial. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. Methods In total, 48,438 people with diabetes were enrolled in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2003 and were followed until 2013. Baseline BMI was categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2), obese class I (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese class II (≥30.0 kg/m2). Results During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up (interquartile range, 10.2–11.2 years), there were 7,360 MACE and 5,766 deaths. Compared to those in the normal-weight group, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–1.29), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85–0.97), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88–0.98), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.84–1.06) for underweight, overweight, obese class I, and obese class II groups, respectively. The HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.54–1.99), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69–0.79), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.63–0.71), and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.63–0.85) for underweight, overweight, obese class I, and obese class II groups, respectively. Conclusion In people with diabetes, underweight people had a higher risk for all-cause mortality, whereas overweight or obese people had a lower risk for MACE and all-cause mortality than those with a normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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House dust mite and Cockroach specific Immunoglobulin E sensitization is associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult Korean population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2614. [PMID: 29422615 PMCID: PMC5805755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is known to activate mast cells. Prior studies have shown that mast cells contribute to diet-induced obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to determine whether adults with IgE sensitization were at risk of DM. We performed assays regarding serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE levels against the house dust mite, the cockroach, and the dog on 1,528 adults randomly sampled from every age and gender group in various districts. The total and three allergen-specific IgE levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose level and insulin resistance. Subjects with increased levels of total IgE (>100 kU/L), compared to those without, had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.17–2.54) for DM after adjusting for various covariates. Further controlling for previous allergic disease did not attenuate the association between total IgE level and DM. Subjects sensitized to the house dust mite (OR 1.63, 95% CI, 1.03–2.59) and the cockroach (OR 2.27, 95% CI, 1.40–3.66) were also at increased risk of DM. We found a strong positive association between IgE sensitization and DM in a general Korean population, suggesting that IgE may be an important independent risk factor for metabolic diseases in Koreans.
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Jung JY, Park SK, Ryoo JH, Oh CM, Kang JG, Moon K, Lee KO, Choi JM. The optimal cut-off of blood pressure related to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in Asian diabetic patients. J Cardiol 2018; 71:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Park H, Cho S, Woo H, Park SK, Shin HR, Chang SH, Yoo KY, Shin A. Fasting glucose and risk of colorectal cancer in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188465. [PMID: 29161326 PMCID: PMC5697863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cohort studies have demonstrated a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are few comparisons between DM groups categorized by fasting glucose level. This study examined associations between diabetes as defined by fasting glucose level and self-reported history of DM and CRC risk among Korean adults. Data from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort between 1993 and 2005 were analyzed. The study population comprised 14,570 participants aged 20 years or older. Participants were followed until December 31, 2012 (median follow-up: 11.9 years). Among participants with high fasting glucose (≥126mg/dL), the risk of developing CRC was significantly higher (HR: 1.51 [1.02-2.25]) than among participants with low fasting glucose (<126mg/dL). Risk was not significantly higher among participants with self-reported history of DM (HR: 1.34 [0.78-2.31]). When both fasting glucose and history of DM were considered together, the risk of CRC among participants with both high fasting glucose and history of DM was 54% (HR: 1.54 [0.97-2.43]), and the risk of CRC among participants with high fasting glucose and no history of DM was 50% (HR: 1.50 [0.73-3.05]). When the first 5 years of follow-up were excluded, among participants with high fasting glucose, the risk of developing CRC was significantly higher (HR: 1.61 [1.02-2.56]) than among participants with low fasting glucose. Risk of CRC was also significantly higher among participants with high fasting glucose and no history of DM (HR: 1.69 [1.01-2.84]). High fasting glucose and self-reported history of DM were associated with increased risk of CRC in this Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeree Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongtaek Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Rim Shin
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Soung-Hoon Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sha J, Sui B, Su X, Meng Q, Zhang C. Alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines induces apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7715-7723. [PMID: 28944839 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant long‑term complications in terms of morbidity and mortality for diabetic patients; however, the exact cause remains unknown. To address this, the DN model was established, and oxidative stress indexes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), and inflammatory cytokines, includinginterleukin‑6 (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α) and transforming growth factor‑beta (TGF‑β), were examined by ELISA. Renal pathological alterations and cell apoptosis was examined by hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick‑end labeling staining, respectively. The expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2 associated X (Bax) and caspase‑3 wereexamined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The DN model was correctly established, with lower body weight and the higher blood glucose in the diabetes model group. The expression levels of SOD and GSH‑Px were significantly decreased in the diabetes model group; however, MDA, IL‑6, TNF‑α and TGF‑β were significantly increased. The kidney was severely damaged in the diabetes model group, with inflammatory cell invasion, increasing amount of interstitial matrix and hypertrophy with vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular cells. Cell apoptosis levels were significantly increased, and Bcl‑2 was significantly decreased in the diabetes model group in contrast with that of the sham group; however, Bax and caspase‑3 were significantly increased. It suggested that increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines may enhance the apoptosis levels in DN, and may provide a significant diagnostic reference for DN in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Sha
- School of Sports Science and Health, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Bo Sui
- School of Sports Science and Health, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- Department of Endoscopy, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Qingfang Meng
- School of Social Sports Science, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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Jin S, Baek JH, Suh S, Jung CH, Lee WJ, Park C, Yang HK, Cho JH, Lee B, Kim JH. Factors associated with greater benefit of a national reimbursement policy for blood glucose test strips in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 9:549-557. [PMID: 28796932 PMCID: PMC5934262 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We aimed to identify factors independently associated with greater benefit of a national reimbursement policy for blood glucose test strips in adult patients with type 1 diabetes, in terms of glycemic control and the rate of severe hypoglycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 466 adult patients with type 1 diabetes from five tertiary referral hospitals who registered for a national reimbursement program for blood glucose strips and were then followed-up for 12 months. Factors associated with a > 5% reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and decreased rate of severe hypoglycemia (SH) at 12 months from baseline were evaluated. RESULTS At the end of the 12 months of follow up, 158 of 466 patients (33.9%) achieved >5% reduction in HbA1c, and 47 of 111 patients (42.3%) had a decreased rate of SH relative to baseline. Higher HbA1c (P < 0.001), lower total daily insulin dose at baseline (P = 0.048) and an increase in self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) frequency during follow up (P = 0.001) were independently associated with >5% reduction in HbA1c. A higher SMBG frequency (P < 0.001), higher rate of SH at baseline (P = 0.029) and lack of hypoglycemic unawareness (P = 0.044) were independently associated with an increase in the frequency of SMBG during follow up. Higher SMBG frequency at baseline (P < 0.001) was independently associated with a decreased rate of SH. CONCLUSIONS Several factors, including higher SMBG frequency at baseline, were independently associated with reduced HbA1c and a decreased rate of severe hypoglycemia, showing that patients with these characteristics derive the most benefit from reimbursement of blood glucose test strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang‐Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jong Ha Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineGyeongsang National University Changwon HospitalChangwonKorea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineDong‐A University Medical CenterDong‐A University College of MedicineBusanKorea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Cheol‐Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hae Kyung Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismSeoul St. Mary's HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismSeoul St. Mary's HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Byung‐Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and EvaluationSamsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulKorea
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Lee EY, Lee YH, Yi SW, Shin SA, Yi JJ. BMI and All-Cause Mortality in Normoglycemia, Impaired Fasting Glucose, Newly Diagnosed Diabetes, and Prevalent Diabetes: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1026-1033. [PMID: 28400430 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined associations between BMI and mortality in individuals with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly diagnosed diabetes, and prevalent diabetes and identified BMI ranges associated with the lowest mortality in each group. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 12,815,006 adults were prospectively monitored until 2013. Diabetes status was defined as follows: normoglycemia (fasting glucose <100 mg/dL), IFG (100-125 mg/dL), newly diagnosed diabetes (≥126 mg/dL), and prevalent diabetes (self-reported). BMI (kg/m2) was measured. Cox proportional hazards model hazard ratios were calculated after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 10.5 years, 454,546 men and 239,877 women died. U-shaped associations were observed regardless of diabetes status, sex, age, and smoking history. Optimal BMI (kg/m2) for the lowest mortality by group was 23.5-27.9 (normoglycemia), 25-27.9 (IFG), 25-29.4 (newly diagnosed diabetes), and 26.5-29.4 (prevalent diabetes). Higher optimal BMI by worsening diabetes status was more prominent in younger ages, especially in women. The relationship between worsening diabetes status and higher mortality was stronger with lower BMI, especially at younger ages. Given the same BMI, people with prevalent diabetes had higher mortality compared with those with newly diagnosed diabetes, and this was more striking in women than men. CONCLUSIONS U-curve relationships existed regardless of diabetes status. Optimal BMI for lowest mortality became gradually higher with worsening diabetes for each sex and each age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ae Shin
- Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Jeon Yi
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Ko SH, Baeg MK, Ko SY, Jung HS, Kim P, Choi MG. Obesity and Metabolic Unhealthiness Have Different Effects on Colorectal Neoplasms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2762-2769. [PMID: 28510711 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for colorectal neoplasms (CRN), but data regarding metabolic status, obesity, and CRN are lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between metabolic status, obesity, and CRN in Koreans who underwent colonoscopy. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS Subjects were divided based on metabolic and obesity criteria, as follows: metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multiple regression was used to identify CRN and advanced CRN risk factors, with the MHNO group as reference. RESULTS A total of 10,235 subjects was included, as follows: 5096 MHNO, 1538 MHO, 1746 MUNO, and 1855 MUO. Of these, 3297 had CRN (32.2%), and 434 (4.2%) had advanced CRN. Number of subjects with CRN in each group were: MHNO 25.8%, MHO 33.9%, MUNO 38.9%, and MUO 42.0% (P for trend < 0.001). Risk of CRN was increased in the MHO [odds ratio (OR) 1.239, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.082 to 1.418, P = 0.002], the MUNO (OR 1.233, 95% CI 1.086 to 1.400, P = 0.001), and the MUO groups (OR 1.510, 95% CI 1.338 to 1.706, P < 0.001), whereas risk of advanced CRN was increased in the MUNO (OR 1.587, 95% CI 1.222 to 2.062, P = 0.001) and the MUO groups (OR 1.456, 95% CI 1.116 to 1.900, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Obesity increased CRN risk with metabolically unhealthy status adding risk. For advanced CRN, metabolically unhealthy status increased the risk but obesity did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Myong Ki Baeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Ko
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, South Korea
| | - Hee Sun Jung
- Department of Health Promotion, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Pumsoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, South Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
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Jin SM. Stepwise Approach to Problematic Hypoglycemia in Korea: Educational, Technological, and Transplant Interventions. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2017; 32:190-194. [PMID: 28685509 PMCID: PMC5503863 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2017.32.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia has been found to be prevalent in 20% to 40% of people with type 1 diabetes. If a similar prevalence exists in Koreans with type 1 diabetes, at a minimum, thousands of people with type 1 diabetes suffer at least one unpredicted episode of severe hypoglycemia per year in Korea. For patients with problematic hypoglycemia, an evidence-based stepwise approach was suggested in 2015. The first step is structured education regarding multiple daily injections of an insulin analog, and the second step is adding a technological intervention, such as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or real-time continuous glucose monitoring. The next step is a sensor-augmented pump, preferably with a low glucose suspension feature or very frequent contact, and the final step is islet or pancreas transplantation. In Korea, however, none of these treatments are reimbursed by the National Health Insurance, and thus have not been widely implemented. The low prevalence of type 1 diabetes means that Korean physicians are relatively unfamiliar with the new technologies in this field. Therefore, the roles of new technologies and pancreas or islet transplantation in the treatment of problematic hypoglycemia need to be defined in the current clinical setting of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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50
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Lee EY, Lee YH, Jin SM, Yang HK, Jung CH, Park CY, Cho JH, Lee WJ, Lee BW, Kim JH. Differential association of body mass index on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 27155402 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to type 2 diabetes, the association of body mass index (BMI) with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between BMI and average HbA1c levels in subjects with T1D. METHOD In this multi-centre observational study, we analysed 719 subjects with T1D aged ≥18 years. Average HbA1c levels over 18 months and other clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The mean age and duration of diabetes at baseline were 41.5 ± 13.9 and 11.3 ± 8.7 years, respectively. A U-shaped correlation between BMI and 18-month average HbA1c levels was documented by a spline curve. Based on this finding, subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI (group I, <21; group II, 21-23; and group III, ≥23 kg/m2 ). In group I, the BMI negatively correlated with average HbA1c (r = -0.172, p = 0.011), while a positive relationship was observed (r = 0.162, p = 0.012) in group III. Average HbA1c levels were lower and the proportion of individuals with well-controlled glycemia (HbA1c <7%) were increased in the higher BMI tertile group among subjects with group I as well as in the lower BMI tertile group among subjects with group III BMI. After adjustment with additional covariates in the multiple regression model, these associations between BMI and HbA1c levels according to the different BMI ranges remained significant. CONCLUSIONS In Korean subjects with T1D, an inverse relationship of BMI with HbA1c levels was observed in the low BMI group, while a positive correlation was shown in the high BMI group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital,College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital,College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital,College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Seoul, Korea
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