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Shi Y, Du Q, Li Z, Xue L, Jia Q, Zheng T, Liu J, Ren R, Sun Z. Multiomics profiling of the therapeutic effect of Dan-deng-tong-nao capsule on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155335. [PMID: 38518648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a complex physiological process associated with intestinal flora dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. Dan-deng-tong-nao capsule (DDTN) is a traditional Chinese medicine used clinically to treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) for many years. However, little is known about the effects of DDTN in the treatment of CIRI from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of DDTN in endogenous metabolism and gut microbiota in CIRI rats, thus providing a basis for clinical rational drug use and discovering natural products with potential physiological activities in DDTN for the treatment of CIRI. METHODS The chemical composition of DDTN in vitro and in vivo was investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLCHRMS), followed by target prediction using reverse molecular docking. Secondly, a biological evaluation of DDTN ameliorating neural damage in CIRI was performed at the whole animal level. Then, an integrated omics approach based on UHPLCHRMS and 16S rRNA sequencing was proposed to reveal the anti-CIRI effect and possible mechanism of DDTN. Finally, exploring the intrinsic link between changes in metabolite profiles, changes in the intestinal flora, and targets of components to reveal DDTN for the treatment of CIRI. RESULTS A total of 112 chemical components of DDTN were identified in vitro and 10 absorbed constituents in vivo. The efficacy of DDTN in the treatment of CIRI was confirmed by alleviating cerebral infarction and neurological deficits. After the DDTN intervention, 21 and 26 metabolites were significantly altered in plasma and fecal, respectively. Based on the fecal microbiome, a total of 36 genera were enriched among the different groups. Finally, the results of the network integration analysis showed that the 10 potential active ingredients of DDTN could mediate the differential expression of 24 metabolites and 6 gut microbes by targeting 25 target proteins. CONCLUSION This study was the first to outline the landscapes of metabolites as well as gut microbiota regulated by DDTN in CIRI rats using multi-omics data, and comprehensively revealed the systematic relationships among ingredients, targets, metabolites, and gut microbiota, thus providing new perspectives on the mechanism of DDTN in the treatment of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Qiuzheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, PR China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China.
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Chauhan P, Wadhwa K, Mishra R, Gupta S, Ahmad F, Kamal M, Iqbal D, Alsaweed M, Nuli MV, Abomughaid MM, Almutary AG, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S, Nelson VK, Dargar A, Singh G, Jha NK. Investigating the Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Puerarin in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04222-4. [PMID: 38780722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants and their derived phytochemicals have a long history of treating a wide range of illnesses for several decades. They are believed to be the origin of a diverse array of medicinal compounds. One of the compounds found in kudzu root is puerarin, a isoflavone glycoside commonly used as an alternative medicine to treat various diseases. From a biological perspective, puerarin can be described as a white needle crystal with the chemical name of 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one-8-D-glucopyranoside. Besides, puerarin is sparingly soluble in water and produces no color or light yellow solution. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the significant therapeutic effects of puerarin. These effects span a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, cardioprotection, immunomodulation, anticancer properties, anti-diabetic properties, anti-osteoporosis properties, and more. Puerarin achieves these effects by interacting with various cellular and molecular pathways, such as MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, mTOR, β-catenin, and PKB/Akt, as well as different receptors, enzymes, and growth factors. The current review highlights the molecular mechanism of puerarin as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of various neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. Extensive cellular, animal, and clinical research has provided valuable insights into its effectiveness in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cerebral stroke, depression, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Gujrat, Vadodara, 391760, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Abha Dargar
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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Zhou J, Sun F, Zhang W, Feng Z, Yang Y, Mei Z. Novel insight into the therapeutical potential of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352760. [PMID: 38487170 PMCID: PMC10937431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major contributor to poor prognosis of ischemic stroke. Flavonoids are a broad family of plant polyphenols which are abundant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have beneficial effects on several diseases including ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have indicated that flavonoids derived from herbal TCM are effective in alleviating CIRI after ischemic stroke in vitro or in vivo, and exhibit favourable therapeutical potential. Herein, we systematically review the classification, metabolic absorption, neuroprotective efficacy, and mechanisms of TCM flavonoids against CIRI. The literature suggest that flavonoids exert potential medicinal functions including suppressing excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overloading, oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombin's cellular toxicity, different types of programmed cell deaths, and protecting the blood-brain barrier, as well as promoting neurogenesis in the recovery stage following ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we identified certain matters that should be taken into account in future research, as well as proposed difficulties and opportunities in transforming TCM-derived flavonoids into medications or functional foods for the treatment or prevention of CIRI. Overall, in this review we aim to provide novel ideas for the identification of new prospective medication candidates for the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Yang F, Gao H, Niu Z, Ni Q, Zhu H, Wang J, Lu J. Puerarin protects the fatty liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13229. [PMID: 38381885 PMCID: PMC10880884 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) remains high, and many NAFLD patients suffer from severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Currently, no practical approach can be used to treat IRI. Puerarin plays a vital role in treating multiple diseases, such as NAFLD, stroke, diabetes, and high blood pressure. However, its role in the IRI of the fatty liver is still unclear. We aimed to explore whether puerarin could protect the fatty liver from IRI. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by ischemia reperfusion injury. We showed that hepatic IRI was more severe in the fatty liver compared with the normal liver, and puerarin could significantly protect the fatty liver against IRI and alleviate oxidative stress. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was activated during IRI, while liver steatosis decreased the level of activation. Puerarin significantly protected the fatty liver from IRI by reactivating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. However, LY294002, a PI3K-AKT inhibitor, attenuated the protective effect of puerarin. In conclusion, puerarin could significantly protect the fatty liver against IRI by activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faji Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqiang Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Feng Y, Chen Y, Wu X, Chen J, Zhou Q, Liu B, Zhang L, Yi C. Interplay of energy metabolism and autophagy. Autophagy 2024; 20:4-14. [PMID: 37594406 PMCID: PMC10761056 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, is widely recognized for its crucial role in enabling cell survival and maintaining cellular energy homeostasis during starvation or energy stress. Its regulation is intricately linked to cellular energy status. In this review, covering yeast, mammals, and plants, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the understanding of the roles and mechanisms of carbon- or glucose-deprivation related autophagy, showing how cells effectively respond to such challenges for survival. Further investigation is needed to determine the specific degraded substrates by autophagy during glucose or energy deprivation and the diverse roles and mechanisms during varying durations of energy starvation.Abbreviations: ADP: adenosine diphosphate; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GD: glucose deprivation; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GTPases: guanosine triphosphatases; HK2: hexokinase 2; K phaffii: Komagataella phaffii; LD: lipid droplet; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mec1: mitosis entry checkpoint 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NAD (+): nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OGD: oxygen and glucose deprivation; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PCD: programmed cell death; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Snf1: sucrose non-fermenting 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TORC1: target of rapamycin complex 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; Vps27: vacuolar protein sorting 27; Vps4: vacuolar protein sorting 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junye Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Liu X, Fan L, Li J, Bai Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Jiang H, Tao A, Li X, Zhang H, Tan N. Mailuoning oral liquid attenuates convalescent cerebral ischemia by inhibiting AMPK/mTOR-associated apoptosis and promoting CREB/BDNF-mediated neuroprotection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116731. [PMID: 37277084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke is divided into acute, subacute and convalescent phases according to the time of onset. Clinically, Mailuoning oral liquid (MLN O) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine for treating ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that MLN O could prevent acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the relationship between neuroprotection and apoptosis for clarifying MLN O mechanism in the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS We imitated stroke using middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro models. The infarct volume, neurological deficit scores, HE staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were correspondingly performed to find pathological changes and detect neuronal apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex. The contents of LDH, Cyt-c, c-AMP and BDNF in rat plasma and cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA. Cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Cell morphology, Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin-V-Alexa Fluor 647/PI staining were performed to assess neuronal apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS MLN O obviously reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficit scores in MCAO rats. MLN O inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and neuronal apoptosis, but promoted gliosis, neuronal survival, and neuroprotection in the cortical region of MCAO rats. Additionally, MLN O decreased the amount of LDH and cytochrome c, while increasing the expression of c-AMP in the plasma and ischemic cerebral cortex of MCAO rats, and promoting the expression of BDNF in the cortical tissue of MCAO rats. Besides, MLN O improved cell viability, restored cell morphology, while attenuating cell damage, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis following OGD/R in PC-12 cells. Moreover, MLN O inhibited apoptosis by suppressing the expression of pro-apoptotic-associated proteins, including Bax, cytochrome c, Cleaved caspase 3 and HIF-1α, whereas accelerating the expression of Bcl-2 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, MLN O inhibited the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), but activated the signaling pathway of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in MCAO rats and OGD/R-stimulated PC-12 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that MLN O inhibited AMPK/mTOR to affect apoptosis associated with mitochondria, leading to improve CREB/BDNF-mediated neuroprotection in the recovery period of ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Liu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziyu Bai
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Anhua Tao
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Wang K, Tang Z, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhan H. Puerarin protects renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e387323. [PMID: 38055404 DOI: 10.1590/acb387323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the effect of puerarin on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, and to explore its mechanism based on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. METHODS Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (sham), model group (RIRI), and puerarin treatment group (RIRI + Pue). The model of acute renal I/R injury was established by cutting the right kidney and clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min. RESULTS Renal function parameters were statistically significant in group comparisons. The renal tissue structure of rats in sham group was basically normal. Pathological changes were observed in the RIRI group. The renal pathological damage score and apoptosis rate in the RIRI group were higher than those in the sham group, and significantly lower in the RIRI + Pue group than in the RIRI group. Indicators of oxidative stress-superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase-were statistically significant in group comparisons. Compared with the sham group, the relative expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in the RIRI group were increased. Compared with the RIRI group, the RIRI + Pue group had significant reductions. CONCLUSIONS Puerarin can inhibit the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, inhibit inflammatory response and pyroptosis, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of kidney, thereby protecting renal I/R injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Department of Urology - Weihui - China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Life Science Center - Weihui - China
| | - Zhao Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Department of Urology - Weihui - China
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Department of Urology - Weihui - China
| | - Yan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Department of Urology - Weihui - China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Department of Urology - Weihui - China
| | - Haocheng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University - Department of Urology - Weihui - China
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Lv S, Geng X, Yun HJ, Ding Y. Phenothiazines reduced autophagy in ischemic stroke through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated PERK-eIF2α pathway. Exp Neurol 2023; 369:114524. [PMID: 37673390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotective effects have been the main focus of new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke. Phenothiazines, or chlorpromazine plus promethazine (C + P), are known to prevent the generation of free radicals and uptake of Ca2+ by plasma membrane; they have a potential as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aims to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated PERK-eIF2α pathway underlying the phenothiazine-induced neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS A total of 49 male Sprague Dawley rats (280-320 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7 per group): (1) sham, (2) I/R that received 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 6 or 24 h of reperfusion, (3) MCAO treated by C + P without temperature control and (4) MCAO treated by C + P with temperature control. Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were used in 5 groups: (1) control, (2) oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R), (3) OGD/R with C + P; (4) OGD/R with PERK inhibitor, GSK2656157, and (5) OGD/R with C + P and GSK2656157. The molecules of ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) (Bip, PERK, p-PERK, p-PERK/PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, p-eIF2α/eIF2α), autophagy (ATG12, LC3II/I), and apoptosis (BAX, Bcl-XL) were measured at mRNA levels by real time PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. RESULTS In ischemic rats followed by reperfusion, expression of Bip, p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATG12, and LC3II/I, as well as BAX were all significantly increased. These markers were significantly reduced by C + P at both 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL expression was increased, while pro-apoptotic BAX expression was decreased by C + P. In SH-SY5Y cell lines, both C + P and GSK2656157 significantly reduced the level of autophagy and apoptosis after I/R, respectively. The combination of GSK2656157 and C + P did not promote the same effect, suggesting that C + P did not induce any neuroprotective effect by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis through the PERK-eIF2α pathway when this pathway was already blocked by GSK2656157. In general, the reduction in body temperature by phenothiazines was associated with better neuroprotection but it did not reach significant levels. CONCLUSION The combined treatment of C + P plays a crucial role in stroke therapy by inhibiting ER stress-mediated autophagy, thereby leading to reduced apoptosis and increased neuroprotection. Our findings highlight the PERK-eIF2α pathway as a central mechanism through which C + P exerts its beneficial effects. The results from this study may pave the way for the development of more targeted and effective treatments for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Lv
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Ho Jun Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Pan Y, Lin T, Shao L, Zhang Y, Han Q, Sheng L, Guo R, Sun T, Zhang Y. Lignin/Puerarin Nanoparticle-Incorporated Hydrogel Improves Angiogenesis through Puerarin-Induced Autophagy Activation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5095-5117. [PMID: 37705868 PMCID: PMC10496927 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s412835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Puerarin is the main isoflavone extracted from Radix Puerariae lobata (Willd.) and exerts a strong protective effect on endothelial cells. This isoflavone also exerts proven angiogenic effects; however, the potential underlying mechanism has not been fully explored. Here in this work, we aimed to determine the proangiogenesis effect of a puerarin-attached lignin nanoparticle-incorporated hydrogel and explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods Puerarin-attached lignin nanoparticles were fabricated and mixed with the GelMA hydrogel. After the hydrogel was characterized, the angiogenic effect was evaluated in a mouse hind-limb ischemia model. To further explore the mechanism of angiogenesis, human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was exposure to different concentrations of puerarin. Wound healing assays and tube formation assays were used to investigate the effects of puerarin on cell migration and angiogenesis. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the changes in the levels of angiogenesis indicators, autophagy indicators and PPARβ/δ. 3-MA was used to assess the role of autophagy in the puerarin-mediated angiogenesis effect in vivo and in vitro. Results The hydrogel significantly improved blood flow restoration in mice with hind-limb ischemia. This effect was mainly due to puerarin-mediated increases in the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells and the promotion of autophagy activation. A potential underlying mechanism might be that puerarin-mediated activation of autophagy could induce an increase in PPARβ/δ expression. Conclusion The puerarin-attached lignin nanoparticle-incorporated hydrogel effectively alleviated blood perfusion in mice with hind-limb ischemia. Puerarin has a prominent proangiogenic effect. The potential mechanisms might be that puerarin-mediated autophagy activation and increase in PPARβ/δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Pan
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianci Lin
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Han
- Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Sheng
- Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
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Jian J, Wang D, Xiong Y, Wang J, Zheng Q, Jiang Z, Zhong J, Yang S, Wang L. Puerarin alleviated oxidative stress and ferroptosis during renal fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury via TLR4/Nox4 pathway in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e382523. [PMID: 37556718 PMCID: PMC10403246 DOI: 10.1590/acb382523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of puerarin on renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism in renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin (50 or 100 mg/kg) per day for one week before renal I/R. The level of renal collagen deposition and interstitial fibrosis were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius Red staining, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The ferroptosis related factors and TLR4/Nox4-pathway-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Puerarin was observed to alleviate renal collagen deposition, interstitial fibrosis and the α-SMA expression induced by I/R. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) level were decreased in I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ level increased. However, puerarin reversed SOD, MDA, GSH and Fe2+ level changes induced by I/R and H/R. Besides, Western blot indicated that puerarin inhibited the expression of ferroptosis related factors in a dose-dependent manner, which further demonstrated that puerarin had the effect to attenuate ferroptosis. Moreover, the increased expression of TLR/Nox4-pathway-associated proteins were observed in I/R and H/R group, but puerarin alleviated the elevated TLR/Nox4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that puerarin inhibited oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by I/R and, thus, delayed the progression of renal fibrosis, providing a new target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jian
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Xiong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Song Yang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University – Department of Urology – Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Xiong L, Liu S, Liu C, Guo T, Huang Z, Li L. The protective effects of melatonin in high glucose environment by alleviating autophagy and apoptosis on primary cortical neurons. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1415-1425. [PMID: 36348200 PMCID: PMC10209297 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction has been regarded as a complication of diabetes. Melatonin (MLT) shows a neuroprotective effect on various neurological diseases. However, its protective effect on cortical neurons in high glucose environment has not been reported. Our present study aims to observe the protective effect of melatonin on rat cortical neurons and its relationship with autophagy in high glucose environment. The rat primary cortical neurons injury model was induced by high glucose. The CCK-8, flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to examine the cell viability, apoptosis rate and proteins expression. Our results showed that there were no differences in cell viability, apoptosis rate, and protein expression among the control, MLT and mannitol group. The cell viability of the glucose group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the apoptosis rate of the glucose group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Compared with the glucose group, the glucose + melatonin group showed a significant increase in cell viability and a notable decrease in apoptosis rate. Melatonin concentration of 0.1-1 mmol/L can significantly alleviate the injury of cortical neurons caused by high glucose. Compared with the control group, the glucose group showed a significant reduction of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression, while remarkable elevations of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved Caspase-3, coiled-coil, myosin-like Bcl2-interacting protein (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B type II (LC3B-II) levels. The neurons pre-administered with melatonin obtained significantly reversed these changes induced by high glucose. The phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1) were decreased in the glucose group compared with the control group, whereas significant increase were observed in the glucose + MLT group, compared with the glucose group. These data indicated that melatonin has a neuroprotective effect on cortical neurons under high glucose environment, which may work by activating Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and may be deeply associated with the downregulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Xiong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Xiamen Haicang Biological Science and Technology Development, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Physiology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Physiology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Liangdong Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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12
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Liu X, Huang R, Wan J. Puerarin: a potential natural neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114581. [PMID: 36966665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavone compound derived from Pueraria lobata in traditional Chinese medicine. Accumulating evidence has indicated that puerarin demonstrates multiple pharmacological effects and exhibits treatment potential for various neurological disorders. Based on the latest research progress on puerarin as a neuroprotective agent, its pharmacological activity, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic application were systematically reviewed with emphasis on pre-clinical studies. The related information was extracted and compiled from major scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, using 'Puerarin', 'Neuroprotection', 'Apoptosis', 'Autophagy', 'Antioxidant', 'Mitochondria', 'Anti-inflammation' as keywords. This review complied with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews criteria. Forty-three articles met established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Puerarin has shown neuroprotective effects against a variety of neurological disorders, including ischemic cerebrovascular disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epilepsy, cognitive disorders, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression, diabetic neuropathy, and neuroblastoma/glioblastoma. Puerarin demonstrates anti-apoptosis, proinflammatory mediator inhibitory, autophagy regulatory, anti-oxidative stress, mitochondria protection, Ca2+ influx inhibitory, and anti-neurodegenerative activities. Puerarin exerts noticeable neuroprotective effects on various models of neurological disorders in vivo (animal). This review will contribute to the development of puerarin as a novel clinical drug candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, well-designed, high-quality, large-scale, multicenter randomized clinical studies are needed to determine the safety and clinical utility of puerarin in patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiye Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Zhang Q, Yao M, Qi J, Song R, Wang L, Li J, Zhou X, Chang D, Huang Q, Li L, Wang N. Puerarin inhibited oxidative stress and alleviated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134380. [PMID: 37284311 PMCID: PMC10240043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Puerarin (PUE) is a natural compound isolated from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, which has a neuroprotective effect on IS. We explored the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of PUE on cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress related to the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) were selected as the models, respectively. The therapeutic effect of PUE was observed using triphenyl tetrazolium and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Tunel-NeuN staining and Nissl staining to quantify hippocampal apoptosis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Biochemical method to detect oxidative stress levels. The protein expression related to PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway was detected by using Western blotting. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation was used to study the molecular interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. Results: In vivo and vitro studies showed that PUE improved neurological deficits in rats, as well as decreased oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry indicated that the release of ROS can be inhibited by PUE. In addition, the Western blotting results showed that PUE promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, and enabled Nrf2 to enter the nucleus, which further activated the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1. The combination of PUE with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed these results. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation results showed that PUE promoted Nrf2-Keap1 complex dissociation. Discussion: Taken together, PUE can activate Nrf2 via PI3K/Akt and promote downstream antioxidant enzyme expression, which could further ameliorate oxidative stress, against I/R-induced Neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Huang A, Ji L, Li Y, Li Y, Yu Q. Gut microbiome plays a vital role in post-stroke injury repair by mediating neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110126. [PMID: 37031605 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a common neurological disease and often causes severe neurological deficits. With high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates, stroke threatens patients' life quality and brings a heavy economic burden on society. Ischemic cerebral lesions incur pathological changes as well as spontaneous nerve repair following stroke. Strategies such as drug therapy, physical therapy, and surgical treatment, can ameliorate blood and oxygen supply in the brain, hamper the inflammatory responses and maintain the structural and functional integrity of the brain. The gut microbiome, referred to as the "second genome" of the human body, participates in the regulation of multiple physiological functions including metabolism, digestion, inflammation, and immunity. The gut microbiome is not only inextricably associated with dangerous factors pertaining to stroke, including high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, but also influences stroke occurrence and prognosis. AMPK functions as a hub of metabolic control and is responsible for the regulation of metabolic events under physiological and pathological conditions. The AMPK mediators have been found to exert dual roles in regulating gut microbiota and neuroinflammation/neuronal apoptosis in stroke. In this study, we reviewed the role of the gut microbiome in cerebral stroke and the underlying mechanism of the AMPK signaling pathway in stroke. AMPK mediators in nerve repair and the regulation of intestinal microbial balance were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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Liu MX, Yang J, Qin Y, Li ZD, Jin J, Zhang YB, Yang XJ. ESMOLOL PROTECTS AGAINST LPS-INDUCED CARDIAC INJURY VIA THE AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 PATHWAY IN RAT. Shock 2023; 59:469-476. [PMID: 36579896 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of esmolol (ES) on LPS-induced cardiac injury and the possible mechanism. Methods: Sepsis was induced by i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with ES, 3-methyladenine or rapamycin. The severity of myocardial damage was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and myocardial damage scores were calculated. The concentration of cardiac troponin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of autophagy-related proteins (beclin-1, LC3-II, p-AMPK, p-ULK1, p-mTOR) in myocardial tissue was detected by Western blotting. Autophagosome formation and the ultrastructural damage of mitochondria were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Results: LPS induced an increase in myocardial damage score in a time-dependent manner, accompanied with an increase in autophagy at 3 h and decrease in autophagy at 6, 12, and 24 h. Pretreatment of LPS-treated rats with ES or rapamycin reduced myocardial injury (release of cardiac troponin, myocardial damage score) and increased autophagy (LC3-II, beclin-1, p-AMPK, and p-ULK1 levels and autophagosome numbers) at 12 and 24 h. In contrast, 3-methyladenine showed no effect. Conclusion: Esmolol alleviates LPS-induced myocardial damage through activating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signal pathway-regulated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-da Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Jing Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Liu T, Su K, Cai W, Ao H, Li M. Therapeutic potential of puerarin against cerebral diseases: From bench to bedside. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175695. [PMID: 36977450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide, and they have become an important challenge for modern medicine. Most of the available chemical drugs used in the treatment of cerebral diseases are highly toxic and single-targeted. Therefore, novel drugs from natural resources have attracted much attention for their potential to manage cerebral diseases. Puerarin is a natural isoflavone isolated from the roots of Pueraria species such as P. lobata (Willd) Ohwi, P. thomsonii, and P. mirifica. Several authors have reported the beneficial effects of puerarin in cerebral ischemic disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, and traumatic brain injury. This review summarizes the brain pharmacokinetics, brain drug delivery system, clinical use (in cerebral diseases), toxicity, and the adverse clinical reactions of puerarin. We have systematically presented the pharmacological actions and the molecular mechanisms of puerarin in various cerebral diseases to provide a direction for future research on the therapeutic use of puerarin in cerebral diseases.
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Pharmacological Modulations of Nrf2 and Therapeutic Implications in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041747. [PMID: 36838735 PMCID: PMC9963186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. The main causes of a poor prognosis include early brain injury (EBI) and delayed vasospasm, both of which play a significant role in the pathophysiological process. As an important mechanism of EBI and delayed vasospasm, oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aSAH by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the mitochondria, hemoglobin, or enzymatic pathways in the early stages of aSAH. As a result, antioxidant therapy, which primarily targets the Nrf2-related pathway, can be employed as a potential strategy for treating aSAH. In the early stages of aSAH development, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and detoxifying enzymes can relieve oxidative stress, reduce brain damage, and improve prognosis. Herein, the regulatory mechanisms of Nrf2 and related pharmacological compounds are reviewed, and Nrf2-targeted drugs are proposed as potential treatments for aSAH.
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Wu F, Lai S, Fu D, Liu J, Wang C, Feng H, Liu J, Li Z, Li P. Neuroprotective Effects and Metabolomics Study of Protopanaxatriol (PPT) on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021789. [PMID: 36675303 PMCID: PMC9861888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, is a severe neurological disease that threatens human life. Protopanaxatriol (PPT), panaxatriol-type saponin aglycone, is a rare saponin that exists in Panax ginseng and Panax Noto-ginseng. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-PC12 cell model and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of PPT in vitro and in vivo. In addition, metabolomics analysis was performed on rat plasma and brain tissue samples to find relevant biomarkers and metabolic pathways. The results showed that PPT could significantly regulate the levels of LDH, MDA, SOD, TNF-α and IL-6 factors in OGD-PC12 cells in vitro. PPT can reduce the neurological deficit score and infarct volume of brain tissue in rats, restore the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, reduce pathological damage, and regulate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, and SOD factors. In addition, the results of metabolomics found that PPT can regulate 19 biomarkers involving five metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Thus, it could be inferred that PPT might serve as a novel natural agent for MCAO/R treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sihan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dongxing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juntong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Feng
- College of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (P.L.)
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (P.L.)
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Xia X, Huang L, Zhou S, Han R, Li P, Wang E, Xia W, Fei G, Zeng D, Wang R. Hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 upregulation aggravates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by regulating autophagy via miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:368-377. [PMID: 36174828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lncRNA PVT1 reportedly functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-186 and miR-26b in different tissue types. In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of the miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PAH. METHODS Expression of PVT1, miR-186, miR-26b, and Srf and Ctgf mRNAs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of SRF, CTGF, LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and Beclin-I was evaluated using western blotting. The regulatory relationship between the lncRNA, miRNAs, and target mRNAs was explored using luciferase assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of SRF and CTGF in situ. MTT assay was performed to assess the proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS Exposure to hypoxia markedly altered the expression of PVT1, Srf, Ctgf, miR-186, and miR-26b in a rat model. MiR-186 binding sites in the sequences of Srf mRNA and PVT1 were confirmed by luciferase assays, indicating that miR-186 may interact with both PVT1 and Srf mRNA. Additionally, miR-26b binding sites were identified in the sequences of Ctgf mRNA and PVT1, suggesting that miR-26b may interact with both PVT1 and Ctgf mRNA. In line with this, we found that overexpression of PVT1 reduced expression of miR-26b and miR-186 but activated expression of Srf, Ctgf, LC3B-II, and Beclin-I. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PVT1 by exposure to hypoxia promoted the expression of CTGF, leading to deregulation of autophagy and abnormal proliferation of PASMCs. Dysregulation of the miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Xia
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hefei second people's hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hefei third clinical college of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of thoracic surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China.
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Lou Y, Ma M, Jiang Y, Xu H, Gao Z, Gao L, Wang Y. Ferroptosis: A new strategy for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lan T, Xu Y, Li S, Li N, Zhang S, Zhu H. Cornin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by preventing autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:82. [PMID: 36280856 PMCID: PMC9594897 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia stroke is the leading cause of disability, which is a consequence of vascular occlusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cornin which is isolated from the fruit of Verbena officinalis L, against astrocytes autophagy induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury in vitro and in vivo and its potential mechanism. Methods Cornin at dose of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg were intravenously injected to MCAO rats at 15 min after reperfusion. The infarction volume, blood–brain barrier (BBB), neurological severity score (mNSS), and autophagy related protein were used to evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanism of cornin in autophagy with or without phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)inhibitor LY294002 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) small interfering RNA (siRNA) at 24 h after CI/R injury. The potential protective effects and mechanism of cornin at concention of 10 ~ 1000 nM were also evaluated in oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in U87 cells. Results The results suggest that cornin at dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg significantly reduce the cerebral infarction volume and blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and improve neurological recovery in MCAO rats. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax levels were significantly decreased, while B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and the apoptosis regulator ratio (Bcl-2/Bax) were markedly increased when treated with 2.5–10 mg/kg cornin. The obvious decreased expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and increased of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), sequestosome-1 (p62), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were observed in MCAO rats treated with 10 mg/kg cornin, which was counteracted by LY294002. The expression of autophagy-related proteins with or without LY294002 and mTOR siRNA presented the similar results as in vitro in OGD/R in U87 cells. Conclusions These results indicate that cornin improved neurological recovery after cerebral ischemia injury by preventing astrocytes autophagy induced by CI/R via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00620-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Lan
- grid.440653.00000 0000 9588 091XDepartment of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- grid.452240.50000 0004 8342 6962Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shucui Li
- grid.440653.00000 0000 9588 091XDepartment of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- grid.440653.00000 0000 9588 091XSchool of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- grid.440653.00000 0000 9588 091XDepartment of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- grid.440653.00000 0000 9588 091XSchool of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003 People’s Republic of China
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Amantadine and Rimantadine Inhibit Hepatitis A Virus Replication through the Induction of Autophagy. J Virol 2022; 96:e0064622. [PMID: 36040176 PMCID: PMC9517723 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Furthermore, HAV causes acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure. However, no potent anti-HAV drugs are currently available in the clinical situations. There have been some reports that amantadine, a broad-spectrum antiviral, suppresses HAV replication in vitro. Therefore, we examined the effects of amantadine and rimantadine, derivates of adamantane, on HAV replication, and investigated the mechanisms of these drugs. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of amantadine and rimantadine on HAV HM175 genotype IB subgenomic replicon replication and HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication in cell culture infection systems. Amantadine and rimantadine significantly inhibited HAV replication at the post-entry stage in Huh7 cells. HAV infection inhibited autophagy by suppressing the autophagy marker light chain 3 and reducing number of lysosomes. Proteomic analysis on HAV-infected Huh7 cells treated by amantadine and rimantadine revealed the changes of the expression levels in 42 of 373 immune response-related proteins. Amantadine and rimantadine inhibited HAV replication, partially through the enhancement of autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism by which HAV replicates along with the inhibition of autophagy and that amantadine and rimantadine inhibit HAV replication by enhancing autophagy. IMPORTANCE Amantadine, a nonspecific antiviral medication, also effectively inhibits HAV replication. Autophagy is an important cellular mechanism in several virus-host cell interactions. The results of this study provide evidence indicating that autophagy is involved in HAV replication and plays a role in the HAV life cycle. In addition, amantadine and its derivative rimantadine suppress HAV replication partly by enhancing autophagy at the post-entry phase of HAV infection in human hepatocytes. Amantadine may be useful for the control of acute HAV infection by inhibiting cellular autophagy pathways during HAV infection processes.
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Wang L, Dai M, Ge Y, Chen J, Wang C, Yao C, Lin Y. EGCG protects the mouse brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing autophagy via the AKT/AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921394. [PMID: 36147330 PMCID: PMC9489224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the leading reasons of mortality and physical disability worldwide. The treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke faces challenges, partly due to a lack of effective treatments. In this study, we demonstrated that autophagy was stimulated by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Treatment with (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive ingredient in green tea, was able to mitigate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), given the evidence that EGCG administration could reduce the infarct volume and protect poststroke neuronal loss in MCAO/R mice in vivo and attenuate cell loss in OGD/R-challenged HT22 cells in vitro through suppressing autophagy activity. Mechanistically, EGCG inhibited autophagy via modulating the AKT/AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation pathway both in vivo and in vitro models of stroke, which was further confirmed by the results that the administration of GSK690693, an AKT/AMPK inhibitor, and rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, reversed aforementioned changes in autophagy and AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Overall, the application of EGCG relieved CIRI by suppressing autophagy via the AKT/AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maosha Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengye Yao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengye Yao, ; Yun Lin,
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengye Yao, ; Yun Lin,
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24
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Gao M, Zhang Z, Lai K, Deng Y, Zhao C, Lu Z, Geng Q. Puerarin: A protective drug against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927611. [PMID: 36091830 PMCID: PMC9449408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pathological process that occurs in numerous organs throughout the human body and is frequently associated with severe cellular damage and death. Puerarin is an isoflavone compound extracted from the root of Pueraria lobata and has pharmacological effects such as dilating cerebral vessels and anti-free radical generation in cerebral ischemic tissues. With the deepening of experimental research and clinical research on puerarin, it has been found that puerarin has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the heart, brain, spinal cord, lung, intestine and other organs. In summary, puerarin has a vast range of pharmacological effects and significant protective effects, and it also has obvious advantages in the clinical protection of patients with organ IRI. With the deepening of experimental pharmacological research and clinical research, it is expected to be an effective drug for IRI treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the protective effect of puerarin on I/R organ injury and its possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanbing Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Unraveling Pathophysiological Link Between Mitophagy Pathway and Vascular Dementia. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ans-124588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. Vascular dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual cognitive impairment. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes result in VaD, markedly distributing cerebral blood flow and decreasing patients’ cognitive and memory performance. Due to their high energy demands, neurons are more sensitive to cellular architecture changes and exposed to mitochondrial stress than other cell types. Mitochondrial dysfunction and selective autophagy of mitochondria, known as mitophagy, are associated with VaD. This review aims to elucidate the association between mitophagy and VaD. Evidence Acquisition: This review was conducted independently by at least two researchers dominant in various VaD studies. We searched databases including Elsevier, Google Scholar, and PubMed using the terms ‘vascular dementia’, ‘vascular cognitive impairment’, and ‘mitophagy’. We evaluated 70 articles on the relationship between VaD and mitophagy and interpreted the results. Adobe Photoshop 2022 was used for drawing figures by researchers. Results: The autophagy process plays a protective role in experimental VaD models via preserving vascular integrity and the structure of the blood-brain barrier, upregulating occludin and claudin protein expressions, reducing oxidative stress, and decreasing cognitive dysfunction. Some studies claim that autophagy could have adverse effects in a time-dependent manner against neuronal injury. Prolonged autophagy and overexpressed autophagic proteins induce ischemic injury and cause neuronal cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. Conclusions: Although there are limited studies on the activation of mitophagy-related pathways in VaD, and the definitive role of mitophagy in neuronal healing is unclear, further research is needed to elucidate mitophagy pathways in neurons.
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Jin L, Jin W, Zhang Y, Xu S, Wan H, He Y, Yu L. Simultaneous optimization of the extraction process of Yangyin Yiqi Huoxue prescription with natural deep eutectic solvents for optimal extraction yield and antioxidant activity: A comparative study of two models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154156. [PMID: 35550223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) are green and effective solvents that are used to extract 3 flavonoids from Yangyin Yiqi Huoxue prescription, a traditional Chinese prescription. METHODS A total of 6 types of NaDESs were systematically screened and evaluated for the total extraction yield of puerarin, calycosin, and formononetin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, a 4-factor-three-level experimental scheme designed by the Box-Benhnken Design was applied on the basis of a single experiment to determine the extraction yield and the antioxidant property. Finally, the extraction process was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) and the genetic neural network (GNN), respectively. RESULTS The use of betaine-lactic acid as an extractant displayed significant advantages in the screening process. The optimum extraction parameters provided by GNN were as follows: water content 25% (v/v), liquid to material ratio 190 mg/ml, extraction time 37 min, and extraction temperature 63 °C. Under this condition, the average experimental comprehensive evaluation values of the extraction yield and antioxidant properties were 3.12 mg/g and 86.27%, and the relative deviations to the predicted values were 0.30% and 1.44%, respectively. In addition, the experimental results of GNN were better than those of RSM (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We found the application of GNN to be effective and credible for bi-objective optimization of extraction yields and antioxidant activity in this study. Moreover, our results provide a reference and a theoretical basis for experimental and future industrial extraction for multi-objective situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R.China
| | - Shouchao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China.
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China.
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Polyphenols for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: New Applications and Insights. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134181. [PMID: 35807426 PMCID: PMC9268254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, the main therapeutic strategy involves the use of intravenous thrombolysis to restore cerebral blood flow to prevent the transition of the penumbra to the infarct core. However, due to various limitations and complications, including the narrow time window in which this approach is effective, less than 10% of patients benefit from such therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies, with neuroprotection against the ischemic cascade response after IS being one of the most promising options. In the past few decades, polyphenolic compounds have shown great potential in animal models of IS because of their high biocompatibility and ability to target multiple ischemic cascade signaling pathways, although low bioavailability is an issue that limits the applications of several polyphenols. Here, we review the pathophysiological changes following cerebral ischemia and summarize the research progress regarding the applications of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of IS over the past 5 years. Furthermore, we discuss several potential strategies for improving the bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds as well as some essential issues that remain to be addressed for the translation of the related therapies to the clinic.
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Huang Y, Wu H, Hu Y, Zhou C, Wu J, Wu Y, Wang H, Lenahan C, Huang L, Nie S, Gao X, Sun J. Puerarin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis via AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2 Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071259. [PMID: 35883750 PMCID: PMC9312059 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin was shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptosis effects in multiple diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of puerarin on early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. A total of 177 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. SAH was included via endovascular perforation. Intranasal puerarin or intracerebroventricular dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor) and SR18292 (PGC1α inhibitor) were administered. The protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, 4HNE, HO1, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere were significantly increased, whereas SOD, GPX4, and GSH were decreased at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, puerarin treatment significantly increased the protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, HO1, SOD, GPX4, and GSH, but decreased the levels of 4HNE, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 h after SAH. Dorsomorphin or SR18292 partially abolished the beneficial effects of puerarin exerted on neurological dysfunction, oxidative stress injury, and ferroptosis. In conclusion, puerarin improved neurobehavioral impairments and attenuated oxidative-stress-induced brain ferroptosis after SAH in rats. The neuroprotection acted through the activation of the AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2-signaling pathway. Thus, puerarin may serve as new therapeutics against EBI in SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Honggang Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614099, China
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA;
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (H.W.); (Y.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Sheng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315010, China; (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (J.S.)
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Wang X, Fu Y, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jin T, Liu X. Quercetin Can Improve Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905640. [PMID: 35669881 PMCID: PMC9163835 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI) is complex. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, with most current interventions focused on improving the symptoms. Inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress caused by secondary SCI may instigate serious consequences in the event of SCI. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a key signaling molecule, participates in the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in several processes associated with SCI. Quercetin can reduce the loss of myelin sheath, enhance the ability of antioxidant stress, and promote axonal regeneration. Moreover, quercetin is also a significant player in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway that improves pathological alterations following neuronal injury. Herein, we review the therapeutic effects of quercetin in SCI through its modulation of the mTOR signaling pathway and elaborate on how it can be a potential interventional agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuke Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
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Zhu T, Wang L, Wang LP, Wan Q. Therapeutic targets of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke: Applications for natural compounds from medicinal herbs. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zhang R, Chen DY, Luo XW, Yang Y, Zhang XC, Yang RH, Chen P, Shen ZQ, He B. Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of 20( R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 on Stroke Recovery in Rats via the Integrative miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network. Molecules 2022; 27:1573. [PMID: 35268674 PMCID: PMC8911624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs. Recent research has proven that miRNAs play an essential role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Our previous studies confirmed that 20(R)-ginsenosideRg3 [20(R)-Rg3] exerts beneficial effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), but its molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of 20(R)-Rg3 preconditioning to ameliorate CIRI injury in rats and to reveal its potential neuroprotective molecular mechanism. The results show that 20(R)-Rg3 alleviated neurobehavioral dysfunction in MCAO/R-treated rats. Among these mRNAs, 953 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and 2602 mRNAs were downregulated in the model group versus the sham group, whereas 437 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and 35 mRNAs were downregulated in the 20(R)-Rg3 group in contrast with those in the model group. Meanwhile, the expression profile of the miRNAs showed that a total of 283 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 142 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 141 miRNAs were downregulated in the model group compared with the sham group, whereas 34 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the 20(R)-Rg3 treatment group compared with the model group, with 28 miRNAs being significantly upregulated and six miRNAs being significantly downregulated. Furthermore, 415 (391 upregulated and 24 downregulated) differentially expressed mRNAs and 22 (17 upregulated and 5 downregulated) differentially expressed miRNAs were identified to be related to 20(R)-Rg3's neuroprotective effect on stroke recovery. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results showed that 20(R)-Rg3 could modulate multiple signaling pathways related to these differential miRNAs, such as the cGMP-PKG, cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the protective mechanism of 20(R)-Rg3 against CIRI, and the mechanism may be partly associated with the regulation of brain miRNA expression and its target signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - De-Yun Chen
- Faculty of Food, Drugs and Health, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming 650212, China;
| | - Xing-Wei Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - Yuan Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Chao Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - Ren-Hua Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
| | - Bo He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (R.Z.); (X.-W.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.-C.Z.); (R.-H.Y.)
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Jiang L, Xiong Y, Tu Y, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Nie P, Yan X, Liu H, Liu R, Xu G. Elucidation of the Transport Mechanism of Puerarin and Gastrodin and Their Interaction on the Absorption in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041230. [PMID: 35209020 PMCID: PMC8875129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin (PUR) and gastrodin (GAS) are often used in combined way for treating diseases caused by microcirculation disorders. The current study aimed to investigate the absorption and transportation mechanism of PUR and GAS and their interaction via Caco-2 monolayer cell model. In this work, the concentration in Caco-2 cell of PUR and GAS was determined by HPLC method. The bidirectional transport of PUR and GAS and the inhibition of drug efflux including verapamil and cyclosporine on the transport of these two components were studied. The mutual influence between PUR and GAS, especially the effect of the latter on the former of the bidirectional transport were also investigated. The transport of 50 μg·mL−1 PUR in Caco-2 cells has no obvious directionality. While the transport of 100 and 200 μg·mL−1 PUR presents a strong directionality, and this directionality can be inhibited by verapamil and cyclosporine. When PUR and GAS were used in combination, GAS could increase the absorption of PUR while PUR had no obvious influence on GAS. Therefore, the compatibility of PUR and GAS is reasonable, and GAS can promote the transmembrane transport of PUR, the effect of which is similar to that of verapamil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yanling Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Yu Tu
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Wentong Zhang
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Qiyun Zhang
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Peng Nie
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (L.J.); (Y.T.); (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (P.N.); (X.Y.); (H.L.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Wen S, Wang L, Wang T, Xu M, Zhang W, Song R, Zou H, Gu J, Bian J, Yuan Y, Liu Z. Puerarin alleviates cadmium-induced mitochondrial mass decrease by inhibiting PINK1-Parkin and Nix-mediated mitophagy in rat cortical neurons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113127. [PMID: 34979308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has well-known central nervous system toxicity, and mitochondria are direct targets of Cd-induced neuronal toxicity. However, how Cd induces mitochondrial mass decrease in terms of its neurotoxic effects remains unknown. Puerarin, an isoflavone extracted from kudzu root, can cross the blood-brain barrier and exert protective effects in nervous system disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the mechanism of Cd-induced mitochondrial mass decrease and the protective role of puerarin in rat cortical neurons. The results indicated that Cd induced mitochondrial mass decrease by activating mitophagy mediated by the PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1)-E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) and Nip3-like protein X (Nix) pathways in rat cortical neurons. Puerarin improved the Cd-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in vitro, and blocked PINK1-Parkin and Nix-mediated mitophagy, inhibiting Cd-induced mitochondrial mass decrease in rat cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our data clearly indicated that puerarin protects rat cortical neurons against Cd-induced neurotoxicity by ameliorating mitochondrial damage, inhibiting mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial mass decrease. Puerarin appears to have great potential as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangquan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingchang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Lai J, Tang Y, Yang F, Chen J, Huang FH, Yang J, Wang L, Qin D, Law BYK, Wu AG, Wu JM. Targeting autophagy in ethnomedicine against human diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114516. [PMID: 34487846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the past five years, ethnopharmacy-based drugs have been increasingly used in clinical practice. It has been reported that hundreds of ethnopharmacy-based drugs can modulate autophagy to regulate physiological and pathological processes, and ethnomedicines also have certain therapeutic effects on illnesses, revealing the important roles of these medicines in regulating autophagy and treating diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study reviews the regulatory effects of natural products on autophagy in recent years, and discusses their pharmacological effects and clinical applications in the process of diseases. It provides a preliminary literature basis and reference for the research of plant drugs in the regulation of autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review in the fields of relationship between autophagy and ethnomedicine in treating diseases from PubMed electronic database was performed. Information was obtained from documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded some illnesses associated with autophagy, then classified them into different categories reasonably. Based on the uses of these substances in different researches of diseases, a total of 80 active ingredients or compound preparations of natural drugs were searched. The autophagy mechanisms of these substances in the treatments of divers diseases have been summarized for the first time, we also looked forward to the clinical application of some of them. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy plays a key function in lots of illnesses, the regulation of autophagy has become one of the important means to prevent and treat these diseases. About 80 compounds and preparations involved in this review have been proved to have therapeutic effects on related diseases through the mechanism of autophagy. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that these compounds and preparations could treat these diseases by regulating autophagy. The typical natural products curcumin and tripterine have powerful roles in regulating autophagy and show good and diversified curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Kalra P, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Mechanistic Insight on Autophagy Modulated Molecular Pathways in Cerebral Ischemic Injury: From Preclinical to Clinical Perspective. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:825-843. [PMID: 34993703 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the most devastating brain injuries and a primary cause of acquired and persistent disability worldwide. Despite ongoing therapeutic interventions at both the experimental and clinical levels, options for stroke-related brain injury are still limited. Several evidence suggests that autophagy is triggered in response to cerebral ischemia, therefore targeting autophagy-related signaling pathways can provide a new direction for the therapeutic implications in the ischemic injury. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway that degrades and recycles damaged or non-essential cellular components to maintain neuronal homeostasis. But, whether autophagy activation promotes cell survival against ischemic injury or, on the contrary, causes neuronal death is still under debate. We performed an extensive literature search from PubMed, Bentham and Elsevier for various aspects related to molecular mechanisms and pathobiology involved in autophagy and several pre-clinical studies justifiable further in the clinical trials. Autophagy modulates various downstream molecular cascades, i.e., mTOR, NF-κB, HIF-1, PPAR-γ, MAPK, UPR, and ROS pathways in cerebral ischemic injury. In this review, the various approaches and their implementation in the translational research in ischemic injury into practices has been covered. It will assist researchers in finding a way to cross the unbridgeable chasm between the pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Kalra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Yu CC, Du YJ, Li J, Li Y, Wang L, Kong LH, Zhang YW. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Puerarin in Central Nervous System Diseases: Update. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1092-1105. [PMID: 35855345 PMCID: PMC9286922 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to global population aging and modern lifestyle changes, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cerebrovascular diseases, is increasing and has become a major public health challenge. Current medications commonly used in the clinic are far from satisfactory and may cause serious side effects. Therefore, the identification of novel drugs for the effective management of CNS diseases is very urgent. Puerarin, a highly bioactive ingredient isolated from Pueraria lobata, is known to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective features. However, its clinical application is limited due to its poor water solubility. Since puerarin has demonstrated a wide range of neuroprotective functions in various CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia, depression, and spinal cord injury, it has been attracting increasingly intense attention worldwide. In this review, we intend to extensively summarize the research progress on neuroprotective mechanisms of puerarin in recent years and discuss the future directions of its application in CNS disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Yu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Li-Hong Kong
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying-Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ying-Wen Zhang, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. E-mail:
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Zhang L, Liu L, Wang M. Effects of puerarin on chronic inflammation: Focus on the heart, brain, and arteries. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:317-324. [PMID: 34964013 PMCID: PMC8711227 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated increases in physical and mental stress, known as allostatic load, could lead to a chronic low-grade inflammation in the heart, brain, and arteries. This low-grade inflammation potentially contributes to adverse structural and functional remodeling, such as intimal medial thickening, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia, and cognitive decline. These cellular and tissue remodeling is the fertile soil for the development of age-associated structural and functional disorders in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in the pathogenesis of obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Growing evidence indicates that puerarin, a polyphenol, extracted from Puerara Labota, efficiently alleviates the initiation and progression of obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, cardiac arrythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic stroke, and cognition decline via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. This mini review focuses on recent advances in the effects of puerarin on the oxidative and inflammatory molecular, cellular, tissue events in the heart, brain, and arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lisheng Liu
- National Centre for Cardiovascular DiseaseThe Beijing Hypertension League InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBRCBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Chen M, Jing D, Ye R, Yi J, Zhao Z. PPARβ/δ accelerates bone regeneration in diabetic mellitus by enhancing AMPK/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:566. [PMID: 34736532 PMCID: PMC8567548 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients are more vulnerable to skeletal complications. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ has a positive regulatory effect on bone turnover under physiologic glucose concentration; however, the regulatory effect in diabetes mellitus has not been investigated yet. Herein, we explored the effects of PPARβ/δ agonist on the regeneration of diabetic bone defects and the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) under a pathological high-glucose condition. METHODS We detected the effect of PPARβ/δ agonist on osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in vitro and investigated the bone healing process in diabetic rats after PPARβ/δ agonist treatment in vivo. RNA sequencing was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways. Western blot was performed to detect the autophagy-related protein level. Laser confocal microscope (LSCM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe the formation of autophagosomes. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the activation of PPARβ/δ can improve the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in high-glucose condition and promote the bone regeneration of calvarial defects in diabetic rats, while the inhibition of PPARβ/δ alleviated the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Mechanistically, the activation of PPARβ/δ up-regulates AMPK phosphorylation, yielding mTOR suppression and resulting in enhanced autophagy activity, which further promotes the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in high-glucose condition. The addition of AMPK inhibitor Compound C or autophagy inhibitor 3-MA inhibited the osteogenesis of rBMSCs in high-glucose condition, suggesting that PPARβ/δ agonist promotes osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs through AMPK/mTOR-regulated autophagy. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential role of PPARβ/δ as a molecular target for the treatment of impaired bone quality and delayed bone healing in diabetic patients for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Collage of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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39
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Ajoolabady A, Wang S, Kroemer G, Penninger JM, Uversky VN, Pratico D, Henninger N, Reiter RJ, Bruno A, Joshipura K, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Klionsky DJ, Ren J. Targeting autophagy in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107848. [PMID: 33823204 PMCID: PMC8263472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke constitutes the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Stroke is normally classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) although 87% of cases belong to ischemic nature. Approximately 700,000 individuals suffer an ischemic stroke (IS) in the US each year. Recent evidence has denoted a rather pivotal role for defective macroautophagy/autophagy in the pathogenesis of IS. Cellular response to stroke includes autophagy as an adaptive mechanism that alleviates cellular stresses by removing long-lived or damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and surplus cellular components via the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation process. In this context, autophagy functions as an essential cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis and organismal survival. However, unchecked or excessive induction of autophagy has been perceived to be detrimental and its contribution to neuronal cell death remains largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize the role of autophagy in IS, and discuss potential strategies, particularly, employment of natural compounds for IS treatment through manipulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; School of Medicine Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Askiel Bruno
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Yao Y, Ji Y, Ren J, Liu H, Khanna R, Sun L. Inhibition of autophagy by CRMP2-derived peptide ST2-104 (R9-CBD3) via a CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway contributes to ischemic postconditioning-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Brain 2021; 14:123. [PMID: 34362425 PMCID: PMC8344221 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, a common cerebrovascular disease, is characterized by functional deficits and apoptotic cell death. Autophagy, a type of programmed cell death, plays critical roles in controlling neuronal damage and metabolic homeostasis, and has been inextricably linked to cerebral ischemia. We previously identified a short peptide aptamer from collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), designated the Ca2+ channel-binding domain 3 (CBD3) peptide, that conferred protection against excitotoxicity and traumatic brain injury. ST2-104, a nona-arginine (R9)-fused CBD3 peptide, exerted beneficial effects on neuropathic pain and was neuroprotective in a model of Alzheimer's disease; however, the effect of ST2-104 on cerebral ischemia and its mechanism of action have not been studied. In this study, we modeled cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as well as challenged SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with glutamate to induce toxicity to interrogate the effects of ST2-104 on autophagy following ischemic/excitotoxic insults. ST2-104 reduced the infarct volume and improved the neurological score of rats subjected to MCAO. ST2-104 protected SH-SY5Y cells from death following glutamate exposure via blunting apoptosis and autophagy as well as limiting excessive calcium entry. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy, promoted the effects of ST2-104 in inhibiting apoptosis triggered by glutamate while rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, failed to do so. ST2-104 peptide reversed glutamate-induced apoptosis via inhibiting Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-mediated autophagy, which was partly enhanced by STO-609 (an inhibitor of CaMKKβ). ST2-104 attenuated neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy through CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of ST2-104 are due to actions on the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy via the CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. The findings present novel insights into the potential neuroprotection of ST2-104 in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021 People’s Republic of China
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41
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Autophagy in vascular dementia and natural products with autophagy regulating activity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105756. [PMID: 34237440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion(CCH)-induced vascular dementia(VD) is a common neurodegenerative disease which seriously affects the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is critical to find an effective treatment of VD. Autophagy is a natural regulated mechanism that can remove dysfunctional proteins and organelles, however, over-activation or under-activation can of autophagy can induce the apoptosis of cells. Although autophagy plays a role in the central nervous system is unquestionable, the effects of autophagy in the ischemic brain are still controversial. Some autophagy regulators have been tested, suggesting that both activation and inhibition of autophagy can improve the cognitive function. This article reviews the role of autophagy in CCH-induced VD to discuss whether autophagy has the potential to become a target for drug development and provides several potential compounds for treating vascular dementia.
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42
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Li Z, Miao Z, Ding L, Teng X, Bao J. Energy metabolism disorder mediated ammonia gas-induced autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-Beclin1 pathway in chicken livers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112219. [PMID: 33853017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia gas is a well-known environmental pollution gas, threatening human health. Ammonia gas is also one of the most harmful gases to livestock and poultry for many years. Many studies have demonstrated toxic effect of ammonia gas on animal health, such as eyes, respiratory system, and digestive system. However, the effect of ammonia gas toxicity on chicken livers and underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we selected chicken liver as research object and duplicated successfully ammonia gas poisoning model of chickens. 1-day-old Ross-308 broilers were randomly divided into the control group (the low ammonia gas group), and two treatment groups (the middle ammonia gas group and the high ammonia gas group) (3 replicates per group and 12 chickens per replicate). Ammonia gas concentration in the low ammonia gas group was ≤5 mg/m3 during day 1-42. Ammonia gas concentration in the middle group was set as 10 ± 0.5 mg/m3 during day 1-21, and 15 ± 0.5 mg/m3 during day 22-42). Ammonia gas concentration in the high ammonia gas group was set as 20 ± 0.5 mg/m3 during day 1-21, and 45 ± 0.5 mg/m3 during day 22-42. The ultrastructure of chicken livers was observed. The activities of four ATPases (Na+K+-ATPase, Mg++-ATPase, Ca++-ATPase, and Ca++Mg++-ATPase), the expression of twelve energy metabolism-related genes (HK1, HK2, PK, PFK, PDHX, CS, LDHA, LDHB, SDHA, SDHB, avUCP, and AMPK), as well as the expression of ten autophagy-related genes (PI3K, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, SQSTM1, mTOR, ULK1, ATG5, ATG12, and ATG13) were measured to explore the effect of ammonia gas on energy metabolism and autophagy in chicken livers. Our results showed that excess ammonia gas induced mitochondrial and autophagic damage in chicken liver tissue cells. Meanwhile, ATPases activities were inhibited and the expression of energy metabolism-related genes changed during ammonia gas treatment, meaning that excess ammonia gas caused energy metabolism disorder. Furthermore, ammonia gas exposure altered the expression of autophagy-related genes, suggesting that ammonia gas treatment caused autophagy in chicken livers. Moreover, ammonia gas-induced AMPK compensatory up-regulation activated autophagy process through inhibiting mTOR and promoting ULK1. In addition. there were dose-dependent and time-dependent effects on all detected indexes in ammonia gas-caused chicken liver cell damage. Taken together, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-Beclin1 pathway participated in energy metabolism disorder-mediated autophagic injury caused by ammonia gas exposure in chicken livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiying Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin 150030, China.
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Zeng J, Zheng S, Chen Y, Qu Y, Xie J, Hong E, Lv H, Ding R, Feng L, Xie Z. Puerarin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced early brain injury possibly by PI3K/Akt signal activation-mediated suppression of NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7809-7824. [PMID: 34180121 PMCID: PMC8358853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce intensively oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell apoptosis. However, currently, there is no highly effective treatment available. Puerarin (PUE) possesses excellent neuroprotective effects by suppressing the NF‐κB pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt signal, but its role and related mechanisms in ICH‐induced early brain injury (EBI) remain unclear. In this study, we intended to observe the effects of PUE and molecular mechanisms on ICH‐induced EBI. ICH was induced in rats by collagenase IV injection. PUE was intraperitoneally administrated alone or with simultaneously intracerebroventricular injection of LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signal). Neurological deficiency, histological impairment, brain edema, hematoma volume, blood–brain barrier destruction, and brain cell apoptosis were evaluated. Western blot, immunohistochemistry staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed. PUE administration at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg could significantly reduce ICH‐induced neurological deficits and EBI. Moreover, PUE could notably restrain ICH‐induced upregulation of the NF‐κB pathway, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, ROS level, and apoptotic pathway and activate the PI3K/Akt signal. However, LY294002 delivery could efficaciously weaken these neuroprotective effects of PUE. Overall, PUE could attenuate ICH‐induced behavioral defects and EBI possibly by PI3K/Akt signal stimulation‐mediated inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway, and this made PUE a potential candidate as a promising therapeutic option for ICH‐induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Qu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enhui Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Bougea A, Piperi C. Impact of the apelin/APJ axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease with therapeutic potential. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2117-2133. [PMID: 34115895 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. There is still no available disease-modifying strategy against PD, whose management is mainly symptomatic. A growing amount of preclinical evidence shows that a complex interplay between autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial impairment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and excessive neuroinflammation underlies PD pathogenesis. Identifying key molecules linking these pathological cellular processes may substantially aid in our deeper understanding of PD pathophysiology and the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. Emerging preclinical evidence indicates that apelin, an endogenous neuropeptide acting as a ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, may play a key neuroprotective role in PD pathogenesis, via inhibition of apoptosis and dopaminergic neuronal loss, autophagy enhancement, antioxidant effects, endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression, as well as prevention of synaptic dysregulation in the striatum, excessive neuroinflammation, and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Underlying signaling pathways involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and inositol requiring kinase 1α/XBP1/C/EBP homologous protein. Herein, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ axis and associated molecular mechanisms on the pathogenesis of PD in vitro and in vivo and provide evidence for its challenging therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zhou JX, Shuai NN, Wang B, Jin X, Kuang X, Tian SW. Neuroprotective gain of Apelin/APJ system. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102131. [PMID: 33640616 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. In recent years, many studies have shown that the apelin/APJ system has neuroprotective properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and regulating autophagy, blocking excitatory toxicity. Apelin/APJ system has been proven to play a role in various neurological diseases and may be a promising therapeutic target for nervous system diseases. In this paper, the neuroprotective properties of the apelin/APJ system and its role in neurologic disorders are reviewed. Further understanding of the pathophysiological effect and mechanism of the apelin/APJ system in the nervous system will help develop new therapeutic interventions for various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China
| | - Nian-Nian Shuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China.
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China.
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Sha S, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. The Role of Autophagy in Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:733-739. [PMID: 33989049 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical cytoprotective mechanism that takes a hand in innate or adaptive immune responses. Hypoxia is a common pathophysiological mechanism that can lead to systemic pathological reactions. In recent years, the impact of hypoxia on the central nervous system has attracted more attention. In the past, autophagy was thought to be directly involved in the apoptosis of nerve cells under hypoxia. An increasing amount of evidence shows that the neuroinflammatory response plays an indispensable role in the neural damage caused by hypoxia. There are many mechanisms related to the neuroinflammatory response induced by hypoxia, among which autophagy is an important aspect, but the role of autophagy is still unclear. This article focuses on how autophagy flux of central immune cells is modified under hypoxic conditions, and how this autophagy affects neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
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Tuo QZ, Zhang ST, Lei P. Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in ischemic stroke and their therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:259-305. [PMID: 33957000 DOI: 10.1002/med.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is the most common type of stroke, which is among the most frequent causes of disability and death worldwide. Current treatment approaches involve achieving rapid reperfusion either pharmacologically or surgically, both of which are time-sensitive; moreover, blood flow recanalization often causes ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, even though neuroprotective intervention is urgently needed in the event of stroke, the exact mechanisms of neuronal death during ischemic stroke are still unclear, and consequently, the capacity for drug development has remained limited. Multiple cell death pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Here, we have reviewed these potential neuronal death pathways, including intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, parthanatos, phagoptosis, and pyroptosis. We have also reviewed the latest results of pharmacological studies on ischemic stroke and summarized emerging drug targets with a focus on clinical trials. These observations may help to further understand the pathological events in ischemic stroke and bridge the gap between basic and translational research to reveal novel neuroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Wang Y, Cai X, Wu Z, Tang L, Lu L, Xu Y, Bao X. Tetrandrine attenuates ischemia/reperfusion‑induced neuronal damage in the subacute phase. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:297. [PMID: 33649825 PMCID: PMC7930946 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, the third leading cause of disability globally, imposes a notable economic burden. Tetrandrine (Tet), which has been widely used clinically, exhibits potential protective effects against stroke. However, there has been little pre‑clinical research to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Tet on stroke. The present study investigated the beneficial effect of Tet on ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanism in rats. Rats were subjected to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, then treated with Tet (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) in the subacute phase for 7 days. In order to detect the effects of Tet on the behavior of rats, modified neurological severity score and longa behavior, grasping capability and inclined plane tests were conducted on days 1, 3 and 7 following cerebral ischemia. In addition, neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus following ischemia was assessed by Nissl staining and TUNEL assay. Finally, oxidative stress was evaluated by measurement of free radicals and immunofluorescence staining of LC3 was used to assess autophagy. Tet improved neurological function and decreased infarct volume in I/R injury rats. Tet also prevented neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus region. In addition, Tet protected against oxidative damage following ischemia, which was reflected by decreased levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde and increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase. In addition, the expression levels of the autophagy marker LC3 decreased in the Tet treatment group. In conclusion, Tet attenuated I/R‑induced neuronal damage in the subacute phase by decreasing oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medicial College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Lingqun Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Chen QS, Shen A, Dai JW, Li TT, Huang WF, Shi K, Deng Y, Pan L, Wei XF, Wu ZJ. IL37 overexpression inhibits autophagy and apoptosis induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via modulating AMPK/mTOR/ULLK1 signalling pathways. Life Sci 2021; 276:119424. [PMID: 33785334 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential role of IL37 in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 mouse and hepatocytes were used to establish the hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) and the hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) injury model in vivo and in vitro, separately. Total extraction of tissue and cell protein expressions of LC3B, Beclin1, p62, cleaved caspase3, caspase3, bax, bcl2, AMPK, mTOR, ULK1 were detected by western blot. IL37 mRNA and protein level were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. ALT and AST serum level were measured by microplate readers. H&E staining was used to assess the tissue sections. Autophagy was measured by TEM and confocal laser microscopy. Apoptosis in tissue and cell were detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Autophagy was aberrantly activated by H2R6 and I1R12. Both exogenous IL37 and endogenous IL37 exerted protective effects on hepatocytes by affecting both autophagy-related proteins, specifically, by suppressing LC3B II and Beclin1 expression and increasing p62 levels and apoptosis-related proteins specifically, by inhibiting cleaved caspase3 and Bax expression and increasing Bcl2 expression during HR. Furthermore, endogenous IL37 inactivated AMPK and ULK1 phosphorylation and promoted mTOR phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, in vivo experiments, serum liver enzyme measurements, TUNEL assays, and histological assessments, as well as other typical evaluations, showed the protective effect of IL37 overexpression in mice. CONCLUSION Endogenous and exogenous IL37 were found to ameliorate hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis, these effects may be connected with the modulation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Chen
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai Shen
- Department of hepatobiliary pancreatic Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang-Wen Dai
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of oncology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Pan
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Fu Wei
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhong-Jun Wu
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the first affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Lin M, Hua R, Ma J, Zhou Y, Li P, Xu X, Yu Z, Quan S. Bisphenol A promotes autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells by inducing AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106298. [PMID: 33387880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogen like effects, which could interfere with the human reproductive system by disrupting the normal function of granulosa cells (GCs) leading to abnormal ovarian function. However, the mechanism of its toxicity on human GCs has not been clearly described thus far. METHODS 106 normogonadotropic infertile women undergoing their first in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle were recruited. Urinary BPA level and the early outcomes of IVF-ET were analysed. Patients were divided to low and high BPA exposure groups using the median urinary BPA concentration as the cut-off value. In-vivo and in-vitro studies were conducted using mice and human granulosa cell line (KGN cells). Female Kunming mice approximately 6-8 weeks of age were poisoned with BPA at different dosages (1, 10 or 100 μg/kg) by oral gavage once daily for 2 weeks, while KGN cells were exposed to BPA at the concentration of 1, 10 or 100 nM for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h. BPA-induced ovarian morphologic changes were analysed by histopathology investigation. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8, TUNEL and flowcytometric, respectively. Hormone levels were determined using ELISA and the molecular mechanism studies were conducted using immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and western blots. RESULTS The oocyte retrieval rate, maturation rate and embryo implantation rate significantly decreased with the higher level of urinary BPA concentration. Peak E2 level was lower in high BPA group, but no statistical significance could be observed. In BPA treated mice, cystic dilation of the follicles with a decreased number of GCs could be observed histopathologically. Decreased E2, P4 and AMH level and GCs autophagy could be detected both in-vivo and in-vitro with the activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. As being confirmed in KGN cells, phosphorylated AMPK and ULK1 increased while phosphorylated mTOR decreased, and by inhibition autophagy using knockdown of AMPK or 3-MA, adverse effects of BPA exposure in-vitro could be reversed. CONCLUSION BPA exposure might abnormally influence human ovarian functions leading to abnormal folliculogenesis by activation of autophagy in GCs through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoling Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiya Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Song Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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