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Buyukyilmaz G, Koca SB, Turhan B, Adiguzel KT, Goren R, Uzdogan A, Aksu AU, Boyraz M. Benign transient hyperphosphatasemia in the pediatric population: a single center cohort study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:622-629. [PMID: 38800840 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can be increased in a benign condition known as benign-transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH). We aimed to evaluate the demographic, and clinical characteristics of infants and children with BTH. METHODS In our retrospective study, infants and children diagnosed with BTH between September 2019 and September 2023 were included. RESULTS Of 249 children with elevated ALP levels, 95 (38.1 %) had BTH. The mean age at diagnosis of children with BTH was 2.4 ± 1.3 years (min 0.6 - max 6.2 years). ALP mean value was 2,587 ± 1252 U/L (min 972 - max 5757 U/L). ALP value was an average 7.4 ± 3.6 times higher than the corresponding upper limit of normal. The second measurement was made after an average of 13.2 ± 6 days, and a statistically significant difference was detected compared to the first value, with a decrease of 61 ± 23 % in the ALP value (p<0.001). ALP value returned to normal in an average of 44 ± 29.2 days. Elevated ALP was detected during infection in 49 (51.6 %) children. When the sample was divided into those under 2 years of age and aged 2 and over, no statistical difference was observed in ALP levels in the time it took for ALP levels to return to the normal range (p=0.480). CONCLUSIONS BTH should be kept in mind if high serum ALP is detected in children without clinical or laboratory suspicion of bone or liver disease. In the follow up detecting a significant decrease trend compared to the first value may be guiding for BTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonul Buyukyilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Bilge Koca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Health Sciences University, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Banu Turhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Keziban Toksoy Adiguzel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoğlu State Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Refika Goren
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Andac Uzdogan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aysel Unlusoy Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Boyraz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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2
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McKenna M, Abid N. Toddler with isolated gross motor delay. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2024:edpract-2024-327385. [PMID: 39013631 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2024-327385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noina Abid
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
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Ascsillán AA, Kemény LV. The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6199. [PMID: 38892387 PMCID: PMC11172643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ascsillán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Wimalawansa SJ. Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention. Nutrients 2024; 16:1666. [PMID: 38892599 PMCID: PMC11174958 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient, critical to human health, and influences many physiological processes. Oral and skin-derived vitamin D is hydroxylated to form calcifediol (25(OH)D) in the liver, then to 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol) in the kidney. Alongside the parathyroid hormone, calcitriol regulates neuro-musculoskeletal activities by tightly controlling blood-ionized calcium concentrations through intestinal calcium absorption, renal tubular reabsorption, and skeletal mineralization. Beyond its classical roles, evidence underscores the impact of vitamin D on the prevention and reduction of the severity of diverse conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infection, and cancer. Peripheral target cells, like immune cells, obtain vitamin D and 25(OH)D through concentration-dependent diffusion from the circulation. Calcitriol is synthesized intracellularly in these cells from these precursors, which is crucial for their protective physiological actions. Its deficiency exacerbates inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to metabolic disorders and infections; deficiency also causes premature deaths. Thus, maintaining optimal serum levels above 40 ng/mL is vital for health and disease prevention. However, achieving it requires several times more than the government's recommended vitamin D doses. Despite extensive published research, recommended daily intake and therapeutic serum 25(OH)D concentrations have lagged and are outdated, preventing people from benefiting. Evidence suggests that maintaining the 25(OH)D concentrations above 40 ng/mL with a range of 40-80 ng/mL in the population is optimal for disease prevention and reducing morbidities and mortality without adverse effects. The recommendation for individuals is to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) for optimal clinical outcomes. Insights from metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics offer promise for better clinical outcomes from vitamin D sufficiency. Given its broader positive impact on human health with minimal cost and little adverse effects, proactively integrating vitamin D assessment and supplementation into clinical practice promises significant benefits, including reduced healthcare costs. This review synthesized recent novel findings related to the physiology of vitamin D that have significant implications for disease prevention.
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AlShaibani T, Abdul Razzaq R, Radhi A, Meer H, Aljawder A, Jaradat A, Naguib YM. Ethnic-Based Assessment of Vitamin D and Magnesium Status in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Cureus 2024; 16:e55967. [PMID: 38469368 PMCID: PMC10927250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a major global health problem. Most previous studies focused attention on the significant role of sunlight exposure in the homeostasis of vitamin D and calcium blood levels. Magnesium is pivotal in the proper functioning of vitamin D, and the physiologic functions of different organs require a balanced vitamin D and magnesium status. The relationship between sunlight exposure and blood levels of vitamin D and magnesium has often been overlooked. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D and magnesium status based on sunlight exposure and ethnicity in Bahraini and expatriate workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 and September 2019. One hundred and seventy-four subjects participated in this study were subdivided based on their ethnicity and work environment-dependent exposure to sunlight into four groups: (1) Bahraini exposed (n=94), (2) Bahraini non-exposed (n=25), (3) expatriate exposed (n=31), and (4) expatriate non-exposed (n=24). Blood levels of vitamin D and magnesium were evaluated for all the participants. RESULTS Independent of ethnicity, vitamin D levels were insignificantly different among the studied groups and were all below the normal reference range. Yet, there was still a sunlight-dependent increase in vitamin D level that could be seen only in Bahraini workers. Magnesium levels were significantly higher in expatriates when compared to Bahraini workers. Sunlight-exposed expatriates had significantly higher magnesium levels than their Bahraini counterparts, while there was no significant difference between both ethnicities in the non-exposed groups. CONCLUSION Country- and ethnic-specific definitions for vitamin D status and sunlight exposure are recommended. The assessment of magnesium status is pivotal in the overall assessment of vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ameera Radhi
- Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
| | - Hussain Meer
- Radiology Department, Alhakeem Radiology Center, Manama, BHR
| | | | - Ahmed Jaradat
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR
| | - Yahya M Naguib
- Physiology Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, EGY
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Akhter A, Alouffi S, Shahab U, Akasha R, Fazal-Ur-Rehman M, Ghoniem ME, Ahmad N, Kaur K, Pandey RP, Alshammari A, Akhter F, Ahmad S. Vitamin D supplementation modulates glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) in diabetes mellitus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109911. [PMID: 38280562 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic illness that increases protein glycosylation in hyperglycemic conditions, which can have an impact on almost every organ system in the body. The role of vitamin D in the etiology of diabetes under RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) stress has recently received some attention on a global scale. Vitamin D's other skeletal benefits have generated a great deal of research. Vitamin D's function in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is supported by the discovery of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and 1-Alpha-Hydroylase expression in immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and several other organs besides the bone system. A lower HBA1c level, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus all seems to be associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Most of the cross-sectional and prospective observational studies that were used to gather human evidence revealed an inverse relationship between vitamin D level and the prevalence or incidence of elevated HBA1c in type 2 diabetes. Several trials have reported on the impact of vitamin D supplementation for glycemia or incidence of type 2 diabetes, with varying degrees of success. The current paper examines the available data for a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and HBA1c level in diabetes and discusses the biological plausibility of such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States.
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohamed E Ghoniem
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Naved Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Information System, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, P.O.Box 71666, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kirtanjot Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SOHST), UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ahmed Alshammari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firoz Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States.
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
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Otero-Carrasco B, Ugarte Carro E, Prieto-Santamaría L, Diaz Uzquiano M, Caraça-Valente Hernández JP, Rodríguez-González A. Identifying patterns to uncover the importance of biological pathways on known drug repurposing scenarios. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:43. [PMID: 38191292 PMCID: PMC10775474 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repurposing plays a significant role in providing effective treatments for certain diseases faster and more cost-effectively. Successful repurposing cases are mostly supported by a classical paradigm that stems from de novo drug development. This paradigm is based on the "one-drug-one-target-one-disease" idea. It consists of designing drugs specifically for a single disease and its drug's gene target. In this article, we investigated the use of biological pathways as potential elements to achieve effective drug repurposing. METHODS Considering a total of 4214 successful cases of drug repurposing, we identified cases in which biological pathways serve as the underlying basis for successful repurposing, referred to as DREBIOP. Once the repurposing cases based on pathways were identified, we studied their inherent patterns by considering the different biological elements associated with this dataset, as well as the pathways involved in these cases. Furthermore, we obtained gene-disease association values to demonstrate the diminished significance of the drug's gene target in these repurposing cases. To achieve this, we compared the values obtained for the DREBIOP set with the overall association values found in DISNET, as well as with the drug's target gene (DREGE) based repurposing cases using the Mann-Whitney U Test. RESULTS A collection of drug repurposing cases, known as DREBIOP, was identified as a result. DREBIOP cases exhibit distinct characteristics compared with DREGE cases. Notably, DREBIOP cases are associated with a higher number of biological pathways, with Vitamin D Metabolism and ACE inhibitors being the most prominent pathways. Additionally, it was observed that the association values of GDAs in DREBIOP cases were significantly lower than those in DREGE cases (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Biological pathways assume a pivotal role in drug repurposing cases. This investigation successfully revealed patterns that distinguish drug repurposing instances associated with biological pathways. These identified patterns can be applied to any known repurposing case, enabling the detection of pathway-based repurposing scenarios or the classical paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Otero-Carrasco
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
- ETS Ingenieros Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Spain
| | - Esther Ugarte Carro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
| | - Lucía Prieto-Santamaría
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
- ETS Ingenieros Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Spain
| | - Marina Diaz Uzquiano
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Rodríguez-González
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain.
- ETS Ingenieros Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Spain.
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Nooreen Z, Wal P, Summaiyya F. A Systemic Review on Nutraceutical Supplements used in the Management of Osteoarthritis. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:33-45. [PMID: 38258782 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x270405231102054920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease. It basically impairs the structural integrity of articulate cartilage and imbalances the catabolic and anabolic signals in the joint. A degenerative disease is characterized by swelling, pain, and joint stiffness. The treatment and management of osteoarthritis are based on analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, whereas the exact cause of OA is not known yet. The negative effects of synthetic medications have led to a daily rise in the usage of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Clinicians are aware of these treatments, and they also recommend nutraceuticals in addition to the currently preferred therapy. Many in-vitro and in-vivo experiments have been performed in past years to evaluate the function of these on osteoarthritis. The collection of articles was published on search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. The evaluation covers every potential nutraceutical utilized in osteoarthritis, together with its supporting data and mode of action. The present review discusses nutraceuticals, including devil's claw, vitamin D, boswellic acid, capsaicin, ginger, curcumin, krill oil, ginger, and avocado/soybean unsaponifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfa Nooreen
- Department of Pharmacy, PSIT - Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) Bhauti, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, PSIT - Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy) Bhauti, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | - Fariha Summaiyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral Informatic and Research Center-1 (IIRC-1) Intergral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh-226026, India
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Chang YH, Lin CR, Shih YL, Shih CC, Chen JY. The Relationship between Self-Reported Sitting Time and Vitamin D Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Taiwanese Population: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4766. [PMID: 38004158 PMCID: PMC10674870 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many studies have revealed a relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-reported sitting time and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in middle-aged and elderly adults in Taiwan. (2) Methods: A total of 396 people were enrolled in our study during a community health examination in Taiwan in 2019. We grouped participants from low to high according to their tertile of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, using the following categories: deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency. Parameters including self-reported sitting time were analyzed between each group. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationships of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels with age-adjusted risk factors. A scatter plot demonstrated the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and self-reported sitting time. The association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and self-reported sitting time was assessed by multivariate linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and smoking and drinking status. (3) Results: We analyzed the data from 396 participants. A total of 41.4% of participants were male, and the average age of all participants was 64.91 (±8.80) years. The participants in the high serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D group were more likely to have shorter self-reported sitting time. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was negatively correlated (Pearson's r) with self-reported sitting time, even after adjustment for age. According to the results of multivariate linear regression, vitamin D levels showed a negative association with self-reported sitting time (β = -0.131, p = 0.006) after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and smoking and drinking status. (4) Conclusions: According to our research, self-reported sitting time was inversely correlated with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in middle-aged and elderly people in Taiwan. Meanwhile, longer self-reported sitting time can be an independent risk factor for lower serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Ru Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Lin Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chuan Shih
- General Administrative Department, United Safety Medical Group, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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10
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Ramanarayanan P, Heine G, Worm M. Vitamin A and vitamin D induced nuclear hormone receptor activation and its impact on B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:80-86. [PMID: 37774987 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and vitamin D metabolites are ligands to nuclear receptors - namely RAR, RXR and VDR. The activation of these receptors in human B cells impacts B cell maturation and function. In this review, we discuss how 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) individually or in conjunction, signal through their nuclear receptors and thereby impact B cell differentiation, immunoglobulin class switching to IgA at the expense of IgE, and also B cell migration and homing. Impact of the vitamin metabolites individually on B cell survival factors are well elucidated, be it the regulation of BAFF and APRIL, the induction of TGF-β or suppression of NF-κB. Very little is known about the impact of 9cRA and calcitriol together on B cells. Recently our group revealed that 9cRA and calcitriol together in the context of the B cell differentiation, induces naïve B cell differentiation into IgA+ plasmablasts, the functional and underlying molecular regulations however require further investigation. In conclusion, the conjunctional impact of these nuclear receptor ligands on B cell functionality is important to better understand B cell dependent clinical outcomes in allergy and autoimmunity. Within this review, we hypothesize that a balance between both vitamins is of utmost importance to provide a robust humoral immune response and a better treatment of disorders characterised by dysregulated immune responses such as IgE-dependent allergy or autoimmunity such as lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Heine
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschung Zentrum (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité University of Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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11
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Baranoglu Kilinc Y, Bolu S. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the factors affecting vitamin D levels in children admitted to the outpatient clinic of pediatric endocrinology in Bolu Province. Arch Pediatr 2023; 30:580-585. [PMID: 37770256 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the rate of vitamin D deficiency in children who presented to the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic in Bolu and to investigate the factors affecting vitamin D levels. METHODS Vitamin D levels of 1008 children and adolescents were retrospectively analyzed according to age group (0-1, 1-10, and 10-18 years), gender, season, month, obesity and other diseases, and deficiency category. Moreover, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels were evaluated. Comparisons and correlation analyses between related groups were performed. RESULTS The mean vitamin D level of the patients was 16.35±9.56 ng/mL and was lower in girls (14.90±9.56 ng/mL) than in boys (18.68±9.63 ng/mL, p<0.001). Overall, 18.3% of the children and adolescents had vitamin D insufficiency, 52.3% had vitamin D deficiency, and 3.5% had severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were lower in 10-18-year age group than in the other age groups (p<0.001), and levels were higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring (p<0.001). Vitamin D levels of participants with obesity (14.3 ± 8.3 ng/mL) were significantly lower than normal-weight participants with no health problems (15.9 ± 8.3 ng/mL, p = 0.004). There was a negative correlation between vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels in the 1-10-year age group, but a positive correlation between vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium levels in the 10-18-year age group. CONCLUSION The rate of vitamin D deficiency is high among children and adolescents who presented to the endocrine outpatient clinic in Bolu. The season appears to be an important factor affecting vitamin D levels as well as the relationship between vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Obese children and adolescents living in this region may be advised to take vitamin D supplements in winter and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Semih Bolu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Izzet Baysal Research and Training Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
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12
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Darraj H, Hakami KM, Maghrabi R, Bakri N, Alhazmi MH, Names AA, Akkur A, Sayegh M, Alhazmi A, Khubrani SM, Gohal G, Alomar AH, Alhazmi AH. Nutritional Rickets Among Children: A Retrospective Study from Saudi Arabia. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2023; 14:301-308. [PMID: 37849986 PMCID: PMC10577373 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s425459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional rickets remains a significant concern in certain countries, with increasing prevalence attributed to factors such as limited sunlight exposure and undernourishment. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with rickets due to nutritional deficiency in children from Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using descriptive data from medical records at a tertiary hospital in Jazan Province. Records of patients diagnosed with rickets between January 2010 and December 2020 were analyzed. Symptomatic rickets cases from pediatric clinics were included, and diagnoses were based on biochemical and clinical tests. Risk factors were assessed using patient medical records. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Results The study included 84 patients with rickets (53 females and 31 males), primarily between 11-18 years old. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 21.21. The most common risk factor was nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin D deficiency or calcium deficiency, with 75 patients reporting a family history of vitamin D deficiency. The children had limited sunlight exposure and low levels of calcium and vitamin D. Malnutrition was identified as the highest risk factor for rickets in the study population. Conclusion Nutritional rickets appears to be prevalent in the Jazan Province, emphasizing the need for government organizations to address this preventable disease. Adequate sun exposure and recommended dietary vitamin D intake are crucial to prevent rickets, as this study detected inadequate levels of calcium and vitamin D in children. National studies are required to further identify risk factors and develop appropriate strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Darraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Hakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Maghrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Bakri
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdellh A Names
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Akkur
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Sayegh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alhazmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Khubrani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gassem Gohal
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amro H Alomar
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, 85534, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Hamdan AL, Hosri J, Abou Raji Feghali P, Yammine Y, Abi Zeid Daou C, Jabbour C. Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Voice: A Review of the Literature. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00246-1. [PMID: 37661522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to review the current literature on the effect of hypovitaminosis D on voice. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. METHODS The literature search from electronic databases included PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Search terms included voice, voice quality, voice disorders, larynx, laryngology, acoustic analysis, vitamin D, calcitriol, cholecalciferol, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin D insufficiency. All studies on patients with vitamin D deficiency, which included subjective and objective voice assessments, were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were retrieved. Only four studies met the above-mentioned inclusion criteria and hence were included in this review. The total number of subjects analyzed was 466. The subjective voice outcome measures used were the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), self-reported phonatory symptoms, and the GRBAS scale. Objective voice outcome measures included fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency has no significant effect on laryngeal muscles. There was no statistically significant difference in VHI-10 score, self-reported dysphonia, perceptual voice evaluation scores, or any of the acoustic measures between those with or without vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Latif Hamdan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jad Hosri
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Patrick Abou Raji Feghali
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Yammine
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christophe Abi Zeid Daou
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christopher Jabbour
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Romano F, Serpico D, Cantelli M, Di Sarno A, Dalia C, Arianna R, Lavorgna M, Colao A, Di Somma C. Osteoporosis and dermatoporosis: a review on the role of vitamin D. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1231580. [PMID: 37693364 PMCID: PMC10484397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and Dermatoporosis (DP) are expressions of the aging process at the skin and bone levels, respectively. Both conditions are associated with increased morbidity for elderly people, and this requires necessary interventions. They share many common risk factors; among these, vitamin D (VD) deficiency appears to have a role. VD is involved in either disease with many mechanisms, among which immunomodulation. VD deficiency has been linked to OP because it inhibits the body's capacity to absorb calcium and maintain optimal bone health. Available evidence suggests that proper vitaminosis D also appears to be vital in preventing skin age-related issues. DP is often seen in elderly individuals, particularly those with long-term sun exposure and a history of chronic sun damage. VD deficiency can be linked to DP, since its involvement in collagen production, epidermal barrier function, inflammation regulation, wound healing, and sun protection. Aim of this review is to summarize the most updated existing evidence on the role of VD in the development of fragility syndromes such as DP and OP and the possible benefits of VD supplementation as a simple and harmful weapon against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Romano
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Serpico
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cantelli
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sarno
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Dalia
- Internal Medicine S. Maria Della Pietà Hospital Nola, Nola, Italy
| | - Rossana Arianna
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Lavorgna
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Di Somma
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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15
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Coppola S, Carucci L, Oglio F, Di Sarra C, Ozen G, Berni Canani R. Nutritional Strategies for the Prevention and Management of Cow's Milk Allergy in the Pediatric Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:3328. [PMID: 37571266 PMCID: PMC10421120 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common pediatric food allergies. The prevalence and severity of CMA have increased dramatically in the last decades, under the pressure of environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the environmental influences, nutritional factors play a crucial role. Diet is the most modifiable factor, representing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of CMA. In this review, we report the most scientific-based nutritional strategies for preventing and managing pediatric CMA. In addition, we propose the most complete supplement of compounds able to prevent nutrient deficiencies in CMA pediatric patients and to positively influence the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Oglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Sarra
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gulsum Ozen
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (L.C.); (F.O.); (C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Immunonutrition Lab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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16
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Rohdin C, Wang C, Brander G, Rondahl V, Karlsson Å, Friling L, Fischetti A, Meadows J, Häggström J, Jäderlund KH, Ljungvall I, Lindblad‐Toh K. Mutations in the CYP27B1 gene cause vitamin D dependent rickets in pugs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1507-1513. [PMID: 37293695 PMCID: PMC10365047 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rickets is a disorder of bone development and can be the result of either dietary or genetic causes. Here, related pugs from 2 litters were included. Three pugs had clinical signs including, lameness, bone deformities, and dyspnea. One other pug was found dead. Radiographs of 2 affected pugs, 5 and 6 months old, showed generalized widening, and irregular margination of the physes of both the appendicular and the axial skeleton with generalized decrease in bone opacity and bulbous swelling of the costochondral junctions. Two pugs had low serum calcium and 1,25 (OH)2 D3 concentrations. Test results further indicated secondary hyperparathyroidism with adequate concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Necropsy revealed tongue-like projections of cartilage extending into the metaphysis consistent with rickets, loss of metaphyseal mineralization and lung pathology. Vitamin D-dependent rickets was diagnosed. A truncating mutation in the 1α-hydroxylase gene (CYP27B1) was identified by genome sequence analysis of the pugs with VDDR type 1A. Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A can occur in young pugs, and if left untreated is a life-threatening condition. Early medical intervention can reverse clinical signs and should be instituted as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rohdin
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceUppsalaSweden
- Anicura Albano Small Animal HospitalDanderydSweden
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsalaSweden
| | - Gustaf Brander
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Åsa Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsalaSweden
| | - Lisa Friling
- AniCura Djursjukhuset Albano Ringgold Standard InstitutionDanderydSweden
| | - Anthony Fischetti
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Animal Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jennifer Meadows
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsalaSweden
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceUppsalaSweden
| | - Karin Hultin Jäderlund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesNorges Miljo‐ og Biovitenskapelige Universitet Fakultet for Veterinarmedisin og BiovitenskapOsloNorway
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceUppsalaSweden
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17
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Liu CC, Huang JP. Potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00058-X. [PMID: 36925361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of vitamin D in pregnant women and the effect of vitamin D supplementation are lack in Taiwan. OBJECTIVE To investigate the vitamin D serum level and the effect of its supplementation on pregnancy. METHODS We included 1048 pregnant women who underwent prenatal exam with known serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels and delivery at the Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan during 2015-2018. A daily dose 2000 IU of vitamin D was given, starting at 12-16 weeks of pregnancy, to reach the level of 20 ng/mL, and then a maintenance dose of 800 IU/day was given. The other 3654 women without vitamin D supplementation delivered in 2018 served as control group. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded for analysis. RESULTS Over 80% of the 1048 pregnant women were vitamin D deficiency. There was an inverse correlation between serum vitamin D levels and maternal body mass index (p = 0.0366). We compared 375 women with serum vitamin D levels increased above 30 ng/mL after supplementation with control group. The rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and postpartum hemorrhage between these 2 groups were 6.67% vs. 11.19% (p = 0.007), 6.40% vs. 10.0% (p = 0.025), and 1.33% vs. 3.20% (p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is very prevalent in pregnant women, especially those with high BMI, in Taiwan. It can be corrected by adequate vitamin D supplementation, which may decrease the risk of pregnancy complications and bring benefits to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chiang Liu
- Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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18
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Sharafi N, Fatima A, Gillani SW, Kaddour N, Banoori R, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation intake among children; cross-sectional observational study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 36960402 PMCID: PMC10028306 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123373.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to review the vitamin D supplementation intake status among children in the general public, determine the vitamin D supplements practices, and the barriers that parents and children face with supplementation. Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based survey study design was used. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. An online Rao soft sample size calculator was applied to determine the sample size of 319. The response rate of participants was expected to be 63%, the margin of error was 5% and the level of confidence was 95%. Results: A total of 248 parents (89.1% mothers (n =203)) and 15.7% fathers (n=39) with a mean ± SD age of 35.4 ± 7.04 years, completed the study (77.7% response rate). Parents reported that the supplements used the most by children were vitamin D supplements (21.85%) and multivitamins (21.8%) followed by calcium supplements (5.6%). However, 27.8% of children in this study did not take any supplements. Of all the parents, 65% (162) of them reported sending their child outside to play while 34.67% (86) of parents had reported no outdoor activity. Approximately 184 (74.2%) parents reported the child's diet to contain multiple natural sources of vitamin D. However, 69 (27.8%) parents reported giving none of the natural sources of vitamin D to their children through the diet. Parents with higher education about 62.9% (n=156) had a higher frequency of providing vitamin D supplements to their children. Children in high-income families (43.63%) were more likely to take vitamin D supplements than those in middle- or low-income families. Conclusion: The study concluded that challenges like the educational and financial background of parents, family-income level, and health insurance status could help aid in addressing the overall burden of vitamin D deficiency among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sharafi
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Kaddour
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH,, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Sharafi N, Fatima A, Gillani SW, Kaddour N, Banoori R, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation intake among children; cross-sectional observational study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 36960402 PMCID: PMC10028306 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123373.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the vitamin D supplementation intake status among children from different nationalities in the UAE, to determine vitamin D intake practices through diet and lifestyle, and the barriers that parents in the UAE face with providing vitamin D supplementation to their children. Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based survey study design was used.. The study was conducted in the U.A.E and the study participants were parents of children from ages 4-15 years. The questionnaire used in this study was both self-administered and interviewer-administered while inquiring the questions from the parents. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. The response rate of participants was expected to be 63%, the margin of error was 5% and the level of confidence was 95%. Results: A total of 248 participants (203 mothers, 39 fathers and 6 caregivers) completed the study. Participants reported that the supplements used the most by children were vitamin D supplements (21.85%), followed by multivitamins (21.8%) and calcium supplements (5.6%) and 27.8% of participants in this study reported to no supplementation at all. The rate of vitamin D supplementation among children was higher in those families with higher income levels, parents/caregivers who were more educated, those families who attained health insurance. However, there was no statistical significance between these correlations. Conclusion: The study concluded that challenges like the educational and financial background of parents, family-income level, and health insurance status could help aid in addressing the overall burden of vitamin D deficiency among young children in the UAE. Pediatricians and health care professionals could use our study and use it as an aid to provide screening on lifestyle, sun light exposure, and dietary modifications and also educate parents why and how vitamin D is crucial for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sharafi
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Kaddour
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH,, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Janoušek J, Pilařová V, Macáková K, Nomura A, Veiga-Matos J, Silva DDD, Remião F, Saso L, Malá-Ládová K, Malý J, Nováková L, Mladěnka P. Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:517-554. [PMID: 35575431 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a well-known role in the calcium homeostasis associated with the maintenance of healthy bones. It increases the efficiency of the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, reduces calcium losses in urine, and mobilizes calcium stored in the skeleton. However, vitamin D receptors are present ubiquitously in the human body and indeed, vitamin D has a plethora of non-calcemic functions. In contrast to most vitamins, sufficient vitamin D can be synthesized in human skin. However, its production can be markedly decreased due to factors such as clothing, sunscreens, intentional avoidance of the direct sunlight, or the high latitude of the residence. Indeed, more than one billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient, and the deficiency is frequently undiagnosed. The chronic deficiency is not only associated with rickets/osteomalacia/osteoporosis but it is also linked to a higher risk of hypertension, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or cancer. Supplementation of vitamin D may be hence beneficial, but the intake of vitamin D should be under the supervision of health professionals because overdosing leads to intoxication with severe health consequences. For monitoring vitamin D, several analytical methods are employed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoušek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anderson Nomura
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Veiga-Matos
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kateřina Malá-Ládová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Malý
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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21
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Antibody dynamics post-Comirnaty and CoronaVac vaccination in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15665. [PMID: 36123431 PMCID: PMC9484708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines have been fast-tracked through clinical trials to mitigate the progression of the SARS‑CoV‑2 pandemic. We analyzed sequential blood samples from 314 recipients of Comirnaty and CoronaVac in East Malaysia for the spike-binding IgG (IgG-S), nucleocapsid-binding IgG (IgG-N), spike-binding IgM (IgM-S) and serum vitamin D (VitD). A subset of samples was analyzed for the neutralizing antibodies (Ig-RBD). Results showed that IgG-S due to Comirnaty was significantly higher than CoronaVac. IgM-S was detected in 80.0% Comirnaty and 69.5% CoronaVac recipients, while IgG-N was detected in 58.1% CoronaVac but not in Comirnaty recipients. All IgG-S-positive vaccines possessed detectable Ig-RBD after the second dose but with a weak to moderate correlation. The serum VitD levels did not influence the antibody magnitude in both vaccines. In essence, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an IgG-S-dominant event, Comirnaty was more effective than CoronaVac in mounting IgG-S and Ig-RBD responses, independent of the patient’s VitD level.
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22
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Yuniati R, Hellmi RY, Dwijayanti GC, Astuti MDK, Pals G, Micha D, Faradz SM. Epidermolysis Bullosa and Rickets in a 21-Year-Old Female: A Case Report. Case Rep Dermatol 2022; 14:291-301. [PMID: 36824157 PMCID: PMC9941763 DOI: 10.1159/000525068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic diseases that exhibit mechanical fragility of the skin. This condition will result in the occurrence of skin blisters, skin erosions, and skin ulcerations when the skin is subjected to trauma. In this case report, we present a case of EB and multiple skeletal deformities in a 21-year-old female. She came to our clinic with recurrent skin exfoliations and blisters that occurred since she was 4 years old and multiple bones bowing since she was 9 years old. On physical examinations, we found generalized hypopigmentation macule with erythematous skin. There were numerous bullae and crusted lesions, with erosion and excoriations on the lesions. Laboratory examinations identified low vitamin D 25-OH (8.6 ng/mL). Bone densitometry measurement found low bone density, and X-ray examination found osteopenia and bone bowing. Using whole-exome sequencing, no causative pathogenic sequence or copy number variants in the genes associated with Mendelian inherited disorders were detected. The low levels of vitamin D 25-OH may most likely be the main reason for the occurrence of rickets in this patient aside from the genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renni Yuniati
- aDepartment of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rakhma Yanti Hellmi
- bDivision Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gema Citra Dwijayanti
- cDepartment of Medical Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | | | - Gerard Pals
- eDepartment of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- eDepartment of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sultana Mh Faradz
- fDivision Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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23
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Milan KL, Jayasuriya R, Harithpriya K, Anuradha M, Sarada DVL, Siti Rahayu N, Ramkumar KM. Vitamin D resistant genes - promising therapeutic targets of chronic diseases. Food Funct 2022; 13:7984-7998. [PMID: 35856462 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin indispensable for calcium and phosphate metabolism, and its deficiency has been implicated in several extra-skeletal pathologies, including cancer and chronic kidney disease. Synthesized endogenously in the layers of the skin by the action of UV-B radiation, the vitamin maintains the integrity of the bones, teeth, and muscles and is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and immunity. The deficiency of Vit-D is increasing at an alarming rate, with nearly 32% of children and adults being either deficient or having insufficient levels. This has been attributed to Vit-D resistant genes that cause a reduction in circulatory Vit-D levels through a set of signaling pathways. CYP24A1, SMRT, and SNAIL are three genes responsible for Vit-D resistance as their activity either lowers the circulatory levels of Vit-D or reduces its availability in target tissues. The hydroxylase CYP24A1 inactivates analogs and prohormonal and/or hormonal forms of calcitriol. Elevation of the expression of CYP24A1 is the major cause of exacerbation of several diseases. CYP24A1 is rate-limiting, and its induction has been correlated with increased prognosis of diseases, while loss of function mutations cause hypersensitivity to Vit-D. The silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) and its corepressor are involved in the transcriptional repression of VDR-target genes. SNAIL1 (SNAIL), SNAIL2 (Slug), and SNAIL3 (Smuc) are involved in transcriptional repression and binding to histone deacetylases and methyltransferases in addition to recruiting polycomb repressive complexes to the target gene promoters. An inverse relationship between the levels of calcitriol and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is reported. Studies have demonstrated a strong association between Vit-D deficiency and chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, etc. Vit-D resistant genes associated with the aforementioned chronic diseases could serve as potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the basic structures and mechanisms of the repression of Vit-D regulated genes and highlights the role of Vit-D resistant genes in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunnath Lakshmanan Milan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Harithpriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Murugesan Anuradha
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dronamraju V L Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nadhiroh Siti Rahayu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ganie MA, Sahar T, Wani I, Rashid A, Robbani I, Nisar S, Charoo BA, Bhat MA, Gania M, Farooq Q, Vishnubhatla S, Lakshmy R, Parvez T. Vitamin D status among Kashmiri tribal population: A cross-sectional community-based study. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:348-356. [PMID: 36629195 PMCID: PMC10057367 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_544_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent across all age groups in general population of India but studies among tribal populations are scanty. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VDD in the indigenous tribal population of the Kashmir valley and examine associated risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional investigation, a total of 1732 apparently healthy tribal participants (n=786 males and n=946 females) were sampled from five districts of Kashmir valley by using probability proportional to size method. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were classified as per the Endocrine Society (ES) recommendations: deficiency (<20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) and sufficiency (>30 ng/ml). The serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed in relation to various demographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, smoking, sun exposure, body mass index and physical activity. Results The mean age of the male participants was 43.79±18.47 yr with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 20.50±7.53 kg/m[2], while the mean age of female participants was 35.47±14.92 yr with mean BMI of 22.24±4.73 kg/m2. As per the ES guidelines 1143 of 1732 (66%) subjects had VDD, 254 (14.71%) had insufficient and 334 (19.3%) had sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels. VDD was equally prevalent in male and female participants. Serum 25(OH)D levels correlated positively with serum calcium, phosphorous and negatively with serum alkaline phosphatase. Gender, sun exposure, altitude, physical activity and BMI did not seem to contribute significantly to VDD risk. Interpretation & conclusions VD deficiency is highly prevalent among Kashmiri tribals, although the magnitude seems to be lower as compared to the general population. These preliminary data are likely to pave way for further studies analyzing the impact of vitamin D supplementation with analysis of functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Ganie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Tajali Sahar
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Aafia Rashid
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Robbani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sobia Nisar
- Department of Medicine SMHS Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir A Charoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Bhat
- Department of Nephrology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Majid Gania
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Qaiser Farooq
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - R Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tabassum Parvez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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25
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Charoenngam N, Ayoub D, Holick MF. Nutritional rickets and vitamin D deficiency: consequences and strategies for treatment and prevention. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:1-14. [PMID: 35852141 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2099374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rickets is typically characterized by bone deformities due to defective bone mineralization and chondrocyte maturation in growing bones. However, infantile rickets often goes unrecognized, because the skeletal abnormalities are more subtle and often can only be detected radiologically. Nutritional rickets is a major public health concern in several regions worldwide. It is most commonly caused by vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency. AREA COVERED We provide an overview of historical perspective, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of nutritional rickets. Additionally, we outline diagnostic approaches and highlight challenges in radiographic diagnosis of rickets. Finally, we present strategies for prevention and treatment of rickets. EXPERT OPINION Despite the evidence from clinical databases that rickets is a rare disease, it is likely that rickets is clinically underdiagnosed as studies designed to screen healthy children for radiographic evidence of rickets reported surprisingly much higher prevalence. It has been reported that some of the radiologic features of rickets can be misinterpreted as fractures. To prevent nutritional rickets, most if not all infants and young children, should receive vitamin D from formulas and foods that are fortified with vitamin D or supplementation to achieve a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 20 ng/mL as recommended by the Institute of Medicine. It has been recommended by the Endocrine Society that to achieve maximum bone health for children and adults, a serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be at least 30 ng/mL and preferably 40-60 ng/mL. Pregnant women who are unable to obtain an adequate amount of vitamin D from sunlight exposure and natural and fortified diets should take a vitamin D supplement of 1500-2000 IUs daily as recommended by the Endocrine Society since it has been demonstrated that 600 IUs daily will not maintain a circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D of at least 20 ng/mL and most pregnant women. If lactating women take approximately 6400 IUs of vitamin D daily, they provide enough vitamin D in their milk to satisfy their infant's requirement thereby preventing rickets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipith Charoenngam
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael F Holick
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Haris A, Lam YPY, Wootton CA, Theisen A, Marzullo BP, Schorr P, Volmer DA, O’Connor PB. Differentiation of Dihydroxylated Vitamin D 3 Isomers Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1022-1030. [PMID: 35561028 PMCID: PMC9164238 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D compounds are a group of secosteroids derived from cholesterol that are vital for maintaining bone health in humans. Recent studies have shown extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, involving vitamin D metabolites such as the dihydroxylated vitamin D3 compounds 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Differentiation and characterization of these isomers by mass spectrometry can be challenging due to the zero-mass difference and minor structural differences between them. The isomers usually require separation by liquid chromatography (LC) prior to mass spectrometry, which adds extra complexity to the analysis. Herein, we investigated and revisited the use of fragmentation methods such as collisional induced dissociation (CID), infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), electron induced dissociation (EID), and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD), available on a 12T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) to generate characteristic fragments for the dihydroxylated vitamin D3 isomers that can be used to distinguish between them. Isomer-specific fragments were observed for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which were clearly absent in the 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 MS/MS spectra using all fragmentation methods mentioned above. The fragments generated due to cleavage of the C-6/C-7 bond in the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 compound demonstrate that the fragile OH groups were retained during fragmentation, thus enabling differentiation between the two dihydroxylated vitamin D3 isomers without the need for prior chromatographic separation or derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Haris
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Yuko P. Y. Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Alina Theisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Bryan P. Marzullo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Pascal Schorr
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich A. Volmer
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter B. O’Connor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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27
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Uthaiah CA, Beeraka NM, Rajalakshmi R, Ramya CM, Madhunapantula SV. Role of Neural Stem Cells and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)-Mediated Cellular Signaling in the Mitigation of Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4065-4105. [PMID: 35476289 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Specific stem cell-based therapies for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia are gaining importance in recent years. Accumulating data is providing further support by demonstrating the efficacy of neural stem cells in enhancing the neurogenesis in the aging brain. In addition to stem cells, recent studies have shown the efficacy of supplementing vitamin D in promoting neurogenesis and neuronal survival. Studies have also demonstrated the presence of mutational variants and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in neurological disorders; however, implications of these mutations in the pathophysiology and response to drug treatment are yet to be explored. Hence, in this article, we have reviewed recent reports pertaining to the role of neural stem cells and VDR-mediated cellular signaling cascades that are involved in enhancing the neurogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. This review benefits neurobiologists and pharmaceutical industry experts to develop stem cell-based and vitamin D-based therapies to better treat the patients suffering from neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR, DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR, DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - R Rajalakshmi
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - C M Ramya
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR, DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
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28
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The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes’ Muscle, Heart and Microbiota. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031249. [PMID: 35162272 PMCID: PMC8834970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes’ health. In this scenario, vitamins play a pivotal role in numerous metabolic reactions and some muscle biochemical adaptation processes induced by sports activity. Vitamins are introduced to the diet because the human body is unable to produce these micronutrients. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental role of vitamin supplementation in physical activity. Above all, we focus on the roles of vitamins A, B6, D, E, and K in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, muscle injuries, and regulation of the microbiome.
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29
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Heo JC, Kim D, An H, Son CS, Cho S, Lee JH. A Novel Biosensor and Algorithm to Predict Vitamin D Status by Measuring Skin Impedance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:8118. [PMID: 34884121 PMCID: PMC8662433 DOI: 10.3390/s21238118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency and excess of vitamin D cause various diseases, necessitating continuous management; but it is not easy to accurately measure the serum vitamin D level in the body using a non-invasive method. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between vitamin D levels, body information obtained by an InBody scan, and blood parameters obtained during health checkups, to determine the optimum frequency of vitamin D quantification in the skin and to propose a vitamin D measurement method based on impedance. We assessed body composition, arm impedance, and blood vitamin D concentrations to determine the correlation between each element using multiple machine learning analyses and an algorithm which predicted the concentration of vitamin D in the body using the impedance value developed. Body fat percentage obtained from the InBody device and blood parameters albumin and lactate dehydrogenase correlated with vitamin D level. An impedance measurement frequency of 21.1 Hz was reflected in the blood vitamin D concentration at optimum levels, and a confidence level of about 75% for vitamin D in the body was confirmed. These data demonstrate that the concentration of vitamin D in the body can be predicted using impedance measurement values. This method can be used for predicting and monitoring vitamin D-related diseases and may be incorporated in wearable health measurement devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chul Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Doyoon Kim
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea; (D.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Hyunsoo An
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea; (D.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Chang-Sik Son
- Division of Intelligent Robot, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Sangwoo Cho
- The Center for Advanced Technology in Testing Human Factors, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Jong-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
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30
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Erem AS, Razzaque MS. Vitamin D-independent benefits of safe sunlight exposure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105957. [PMID: 34329737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation on systemic autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes, where the epidemiological evidence for the vitamin D-independent effects of sunlight is most apparent. Ultraviolet radiation, in addition to its role in the synthesis of vitamin D, stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways, alters the composition of dendritic cells, T cells, and T regulatory cells, and induces nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase metabolic pathways, which may directly or indirectly mitigate disease progression and susceptibility. Recent work has also explored how the immune-modulating functions of ultraviolet radiation affect type II diabetes, cancer, and the current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. These diseases are particularly important amidst global changes in lifestyle that result in unhealthy eating, increased sedentary habits, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. Compelling epidemiological data shows increased ultraviolet radiation associated with reduced rates of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, and ultraviolet radiation exposure correlated with susceptibility and mortality rates of COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the effects of ultraviolet radiation on both vitamin D-dependent and -independent pathways is necessary to understand how they influence the course of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Erem
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA.
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31
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Rai SN, Singh P, Steinbusch HW, Vamanu E, Ashraf G, Singh MP. The Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Disease: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1284. [PMID: 34680401 PMCID: PMC8533313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquiring the recommended daily allowance of vitamins is crucial for maintaining homeostatic balance in humans and other animals. A deficiency in or dysregulation of vitamins adversely affects the neuronal metabolism, which may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we discuss how novel vitamin-based approaches aid in attenuating abnormal neuronal functioning in neurodegeneration-based brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Prion disease. Vitamins show their therapeutic activity in Parkinson's disease by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, different water- and lipid-soluble vitamins have also prevented amyloid beta and tau pathology. On the other hand, some results also show no correlation between vitamin action and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Some vitamins also exhibit toxic activity too. This review discusses both the beneficial and null effects of vitamin supplementation for neurological disorders. The detailed mechanism of action of both water- and lipid-soluble vitamins is addressed in the manuscript. Hormesis is also an essential factor that is very helpful to determine the effective dose of vitamins. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were employed to conduct the literature search of original articles, review articles, and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Harry W.M. Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti blvd, 1 District, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ghulam Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohan Prasad Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
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32
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Rickets in Children: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070738. [PMID: 34199067 PMCID: PMC8301330 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickets refers to a deficient mineralization of the growth plate cartilage, predominantly affecting longer bones. Despite the fact that preventive measures are available, it is still a common disease worldwide; nutritional rickets, due to vitamin D deficiency or dietary calcium inadequate intake, remains the most common form. Medical history, physical examination, radiologic features and biochemical tests are essential for diagnosis. Although recent studies suggest hypophosphatemia as the leading alteration, rickets is classically divided into two categories: calcipenic rickets and phosphopenic rickets. Knowledge of this categorization and of respective clinical and laboratory features is essential for rapid diagnosis and correct management. The aim of this review is to analyze the epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of the different forms of rickets, describing the novelties on this “long-lived” disease.
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Vitamin D, rickets and child abuse: controversies and evidence. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1014-1022. [PMID: 33999242 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal vitamin D status is a global health issue that affects children and adults worldwide. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has been well documented in the pediatric population in the United States. Although vitamin D deficiency is common, radiographic findings are uncommon and can be subtle. Additionally, because of the high prevalence of pediatric vitamin D insufficiency, it is commonly identified in young children with fractures. However, the majority of pediatric fractures are caused by trauma to healthy bones. Some, especially in infants and toddlers, are caused by non-accidental trauma. A small percentage is related to medical disease, including those associated with disorders of collagen, disorders of mineralization, and non-fracture mimics. Despite the scientific evidence, among disorders of mineralization, non-rachitic disorders of vitamin D have become a popular non-scientific theory to explain the fractures identified in abused children. Although infants and young children with rickets can fracture bones, the vast majority of fractures identified in abused infants are not caused by bone disease. Here we present a review of the literature on bone disease in the setting of accidental and non-accidental trauma. This context can help physicians remain vigilant about identifying vulnerable young children whose injuries are caused by non-accidental trauma.
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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with severe necroinflammatory activity and inflammatory cytokine production in type I autoimmune hepatitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239481. [PMID: 33151930 PMCID: PMC7643962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] has been reported to be associated with several chronic liver diseases. The relationship between 25(OH)D and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) pathogenesis is incompletely understood. We investigated the association of serum total and free 25(OH)D levels with necroinflammatory activity and cytokine levels in 66 patients with AIH diagnosed in our hospital. The median age at AIH diagnosis was 57 years, and the male:female ratio was 7:59. The median serum total 25(OH)D level in therapy-naïve patients with AIH was 14.2 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 11.4–17.9 ng/mL). Of the 66 patients with AIH, 36 had serum total 25(OH)D levels of < 15 ng/mL and were considered to have vitamin D deficiency, and 30 had serum total 25(OH)D levels of ≥ 15 ng/mL. Patients with acute-onset AIH had significantly lower serum total 25(OH)D levels than those with chronic-onset AIH. In particular, serum total 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients with severe forms of AIH. Furthermore, the serum total 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with the serum albumin level and prothrombin time and negatively correlated with the serum total bilirubin level and necroinflammatory activity in AIH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the serum total 25(OH)D level was an independent factor for severe necroinflammatory activity. Interestingly, AIH patients with serum total 25(OH)D levels of < 15 ng/mL had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and interleukin-33. Free 25(OH)D levels were correlated with total 25(OH)D levels, and the percentage of free 25(OH)D was significantly associated with necroinflammatory activity. In conclusion, 25(OH)D deficiency may play an important role in predicting AIH severity via inflammatory cytokine production.
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Li Y, Yuan X, Chen R, Lin X, Shangguan H, Yang X, Zhang Y. Clinical and genetic analysis of two Chinese families with vitamin D-dependent rickets type IA and follow-up. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:273. [PMID: 33004071 PMCID: PMC7528464 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D-dependent rickets type IA (VDDR-IA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the early onset of severe rickets. The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to analyze the clinical characteristics and therapy of two patients with VDDR-IA from two separate Chinese families, and (2) investigate the CYP27B1 gene mutations in two large pedigrees. Methods Medical history, clinical manifestations, physical examination, radiological findings and laboratory data were analyzed from two patients with VDDR-IA. Serum 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25-(OH)2D3] of the two patients and their respective families were measured by ELISA and blood samples from both families was obtained for CYP27B1 gene sequence. Results Two patients had typical manifestations and radiological evidence of rickets. Laboratory data showed hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia, along with high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. However, serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 level were low in the patients but normal in their family members. Genetic sequence identified two patients were homozygous for a duplication mutation in exon 8 of CYP27B1 gene (c.1319_1325dupCCCACCC, p.Phe443Profs * 24). After treating with calcitriol and calcium, there was biochemical improvement with normalization of serum calcium and phosphorus, and radiographic evidence of compensatory skeletal mineralization. One patient developed nephrocalcinosis during follow-up. Conclusions This study identified a recurrent seven-nucleotide insertion of CYP27B1 in two large pedigrees, and compared the clinical characteristics and individual therapy of two affected patients. Additionally, our experience further supports the notion that nephrocalcinosis can occur even on standard doses of calcitriol and oral calcium, and normal level of serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH and 25-(OH)D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,Affiliated Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei Medical College, Shiyan, 442008, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Xiangquan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Huakun Shangguan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 145, 817 Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
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Vitamin D deficiency in Western Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:1484-1485. [PMID: 32949208 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.2_14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chanchlani R, Nemer P, Sinha R, Nemer L, Krishnappa V, Sochett E, Safadi F, Raina R. An Overview of Rickets in Children. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:980-990. [PMID: 32647755 PMCID: PMC7335963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickets is a common bone disease worldwide that is associated with disturbances in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history and physical examination, radiological features, and biochemical tests. It can be classified into 2 major groups based on phosphate or calcium levels: phosphopenic and calcipenic. Knowledge of categorization of the type of rickets is essential for prompt diagnosis and proper management. Nutritional rickets is a preventable disease through adequate intake of vitamin D through both dietary and sunlight exposure. There are other subtypes of rickets, such as vitamin D-dependent type 1 rickets and vitamin D-dependent type 2 rickets (due to defects in vitamin D metabolism), renal rickets (due to poor kidney function), and hypophosphatemic rickets (vitamin D-resistant rickets secondary to renal phosphate wasting wherein fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) often plays a major role), which requires closer monitoring and supplementation with activated vitamin D with or without phosphate supplements. An important development has been the introduction of burosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to FGF-23, which is approved for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia among children 1 year and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chanchlani
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul Nemer
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajiv Sinha
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Lena Nemer
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Vinod Krishnappa
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, USA
- Department of Public Health, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Etienne Sochett
- Division of Pediatrics Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fayez Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
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Giustina A, Adler RA, Binkley N, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Dawson-Hughes B, Ebeling PR, Feldman D, Formenti AM, Lazaretti-Castro M, Marcocci C, Rizzoli R, Sempos CT, Bilezikian JP. Consensus statement from 2 nd International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:89-116. [PMID: 32180081 PMCID: PMC7113202 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2nd International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in Monteriggioni (Siena), Italy, September 11-14, 2018. The aim of this meeting was to address ongoing controversies and timely topics in vitamin D research, to review available data related to these topics and controversies, to promote discussion to help resolve lingering issues and ultimately to suggest a research agenda to clarify areas of uncertainty. Several issues from the first conference, held in 2017, were revisited, such as assays used to determine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, which remains a critical and controversial issue for defining vitamin D status. Definitions of vitamin D nutritional status (i.e. sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency) were also revisited. New areas were reviewed, including vitamin D threshold values and how they should be defined in the context of specific diseases, sources of vitamin D and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Non-skeletal aspects related to vitamin D were also discussed, including the reproductive system, neurology, chronic kidney disease and falls. The therapeutic role of vitamin D and findings from recent clinical trials were also addressed. The topics were considered by 3 focus groups and divided into three main areas: 1) "Laboratory": assays and threshold values to define vitamin D status; 2) "Clinical": sources of vitamin D and risk factors and role of vitamin D in non-skeletal disease and 3) "Therapeutics": controversial issues on observational studies and recent randomized controlled trials. In this report, we present a summary of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R A Adler
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - N Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program and Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - B Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - D Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A M Formenti
- Chair of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Rizzoli
- Divison of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C T Sempos
- Vitamin D Standardization Program LLC, Havre de Grace, MD, USA
| | - J P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Lucas J, Badia JL, Lucas E, Remon A. Cinacalcet treatment experience in hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:313-318. [PMID: 31926093 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR) is a bone disorder characterized by a phenotype of rickets with onset at early stage of life with elevated alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism and elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) as a consequence of the resistance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Mutations in the DNA-binding domain of the VDR of the vitamin D receptor have been characterized by a lack of response to traditional treatment with calcium and calcitriol. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia are the main factors in its pathogenesis. Cinacalcet is a calciomimetic drug that reproduces the action of calcium by increasing the sensitivity of the calcium-sensitive receptors (CASR) of the parathyroid glands that regulate the secretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Case presentation We describe its effectiveness and safety in a patient with HVDRR and review other published report cases in the literature. According to published experience, cinacalcet could be used as an adjunctive treatment for the HVDRR with mutations in the DNA-binding domain of the VDR refractory to traditional treatment. Due to lack of knowledge of possible effects of cinacalcet on CASR in the skeleton, long-term use should be avoided. Conclusions The optimal dose of cinacalcet for treatment of HVDRR ranges between 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg/day. Serious side effects of cinacalcet have not been published in this type of patient, although we considered that a close monitoring is necessary in order to detect hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lucas
- Pediatric Nephrology, General University Hospital of Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Badia
- Pediatric Nephrology, General University Hospital of Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Ana Remon
- Pediatric Nephrology, General University Hospital of Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Godfrey EK, Mussa F, Kazahura P, Shoo A, Naburi H, Manji KP. Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets Diagnostics and Treatment Challenges at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Case Rep Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1547170. [PMID: 32082647 PMCID: PMC7008276 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1547170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Rickets is softening of bones caused by defective mineralization of the cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plate, causing widening of the ends of long bones, growth retardation, and skeletal deformities in children. It can be classified into calciopenic and phosphopenic, each type with various subclasses. Case Presentations. We presented 2 cases, first of a 1 year and 4-month-old male, with a history of recurrent episodes of cough for 8 months and bowing of the legs 6 months prior to admission. Clinical and laboratory investigation was suggestive of vitamin D-dependent rickets, and he started vitamin D treatment with minimal response. The second case is of a 4 years and 7-month-old male who presented with developmental delay, poor weight gain, and recurrent chest infection and worsening of bone pain since 9 months of age. Laboratory investigation was suggestive of phosphopenic rickets, and he was started on treatment at 9 months of age with little improvement and at 4 years, he sustained multiple fractures and succumbed to severe respiratory tract infection and died at 4 years and 7 months of age. CONCLUSION Rickets pose a diagnostic and treatment challenge in resource-limited countries, and clinical judgment and early initiation of treatment are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evance K. Godfrey
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fatima Mussa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Parvina Kazahura
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Aika Shoo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Helga Naburi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Karim P. Manji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Dharmshaktu G, Pangtey T. Double malleoli sign. Sudan J Paediatr 2020. [DOI: 10.24911/sjp.1061566953374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rana N, Rahim MS, Kaur G, Bansal R, Kumawat S, Roy J, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Sharma TR. Applications and challenges for efficient exploration of omics interventions for the enhancement of nutritional quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3304-3320. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1685454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Emerging Role of Vitamin D and its Associated Molecules in Pathways Related to Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110649. [PMID: 31653092 PMCID: PMC6920963 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, besides having an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, also acts as a mediator of many non-calcemic effects through modulations of several biological responses. Vitamin D exists in its two major forms, vitamin D2, or commonly known as ergocalciferol, and vitamin D3, or commonly known as cholecalciferol. Both of these forms bind to vitamin D-binding protein to get transported to all vital target organs, where it serves as a natural ligand to vitamin D receptors for enabling their biological actions. Clinical reports corroborating vitamin D deficiency with an increase in thrombotic episodes implicate the role of vitamin D and its associated molecule in the regulation of thrombosis-related pathways. Thrombosis is the formation and propagation of a blood clot, known as thrombus. It can occur either in the arterial or the venous system resulting in many severe complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia, and venous thromboembolism. Vitamin D, directly or indirectly, controls the expression of several genes responsible for the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. All of these are the processes of potential relevance to thrombotic disorders. This review, thus, discussed the effects of vitamin D on pathways involved in thrombosis, such as hemostatic process, inflammatory pathway, and endothelial cell activation, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms associated with them.
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Mohajeri Amiri M, Fazeli MR, Babaee T, Amini M, Hayati Roodbari N, Mousavi SB, Samadi N. Production of Vitamin D 3 Enriched Biomass of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as A Potential Food Supplement: Evaluation and Optimization of Culture Conditions Using Plackett-Burman and Response Surface Methodological Approaches. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:974-987. [PMID: 31531078 PMCID: PMC6706739 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency causes osteoporosis, osteopenia, fractures, rickets, and more recently is linked with some chronic illnesses such as cancer. Because of the safety and probiotic properties of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we hypothesized that yeast cells enriched with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) could represent a solution for prevention or treatment of vitamin D deficiency. In this study S. cerevisiae was used as a vitamin D3 accumulator for the first time and the optimal conditions for enrichment of S. cerevisiae were determined. The Plackett-Burman screening studies were used for selection of the most important factors affecting cholecalciferol entrapment. Response surface methodology was employed for optimization of cholecalciferol accumulation in S. cerevisiae cells by using Box-Behnken design. A modified quadratic polynomial model fit the data appropriately. The optimal points of variables to maximize the response were cholecalciferol initial concentration of 358021.16 IU/mL, tryptone concentration of 1.82 g/L, sucrose concentration of 7.13 % (w/v), and shaking speed of 140.46 rpm. The maximum amount of cholecalciferol in dry cell weight of S. cerevisiae was 4428.11 IU/g. The cholecalciferol entrapment in yeast biomass increased about two-folds in optimized condition which indicates efficiency of optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mohajeri Amiri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Babaee
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hayati Roodbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Babak Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Samadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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El-Khateeb M, Khader Y, Batieha A, Jaddou H, Hyassat D, Khawaja N, Abujbara M, Ajlouni K. Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in Jordan. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119876151. [PMID: 35154754 PMCID: PMC8826271 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119876151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In Jordan, many studies reported various rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among different groups. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low vitamin D level among Jordanian adults and determine its association with selected variables. Methods: The vitamin D level was assessed in a national representative sample of 4056 subjects aged >17 years. The study involved face-to-face interviews with the subjects and measurement of serum 25(OH)D. Low vitamin D level was defined as 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL. Deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, and insufficiency was defined as 25(OH)D level of 20–30 ng/mL. Results: The overall prevalence of low vitamin D status (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) was 89.7%, with higher prevalence in males (92.4%) than in females (88.6%). Vitamin D was sufficient in 7.6% of males, insufficient in 38.4% of males, and deficient in 54% of males. Among females, vitamin D was insufficient in 10.1% and deficient in 78.5%. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was much higher in females than in males (p = 0.001). The only variables that were significantly associated with low level of vitamin D were gender, age, obesity, and employment. Conclusion: The prevalence of low vitamin D level is extremely high in Jordan. Age, gender, obesity, and unemployment were associated with low levels of vitamin D. Health authorities in Jordan need to increase the level of awareness about vitamin D deficiency and its prevention, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Khateeb
- The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anwer Batieha
- Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hashem Jaddou
- Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dana Hyassat
- The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nahla Khawaja
- The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mousa Abujbara
- The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kamel Ajlouni
- The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Doering L, Khatri R, Petry SF, Sauer H, Howaldt HP, Linn T. Regulation of somatostatin expression by vitamin D3 and valproic acid in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:240. [PMID: 31387633 PMCID: PMC6685151 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) are non-haematopoietic, fibroblast-like multipotent progenitor cells. They have the potential for trilineage (adipocyte, chondrocyte and osteocyte) differentiation as well as differentiation into endocrine pancreatic progenitors. In diabetic or cancer therapy, somatostatin (SST) expression plays a vital role. Small molecules such as valproic acid (VPA) and micronutrients like vitamin D3 have differentiation potential in ADMSC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D3 machinery and its metabolic enzymes in ADMSC. Furthermore, the reprogramming effect of vitamin D3 and VPA was evaluated on somatostatin expression in pancreatic lineage differentiation. METHODS ADMSC were characterised based on their cell surface marker profile using flow cytometry. Specific adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation protocols were used in this study. Gene expression of several pluripotent, endodermal, pancreatic progenitor and pancreatic endocrine lineage markers were investigated in native ADMSC and after stimulation with different concentration of vitamin D3 for five consecutive days (0, 50, 100, 150 nM) and VPA (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mM) by real-time PCR. Furthermore, somatostatin expression was confirmed with ELISA and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In ADMSC, the expression of somatostatin mRNA, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its metabolising enzymes 1 α-Hydroxylase, 24-Hydroxylase and 25-Hydroxylase were detected. Upon stimulation with vitamin D3, nuclear translocation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) was observed. Interestingly, the presence of vitamin D3 reduced the transcription of the somatostatin gene. By contrast, VPA treatment of cultivated ADMSC showed enhancing effect on somatostatin gene expression. No other pluripotent, endodermal, pancreatic progenitor or pancreatic endocrine lineage mRNA expression was modulated under the influence of vitamin D3 and VPA. CONCLUSION Human ADMSC carry the VDR. The vitamin D metabolising enzyme 25-Hydroxylase responded to the addition of vitamin D3. Moreover, our results demonstrate that somatostatin expression in ADMSC is constitutive, partially secreted and regulated by vitamin D3 and VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Doering
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse. 20/ Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rahul Khatri
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse. 20/ Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Friedrich Petry
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse. 20/ Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Klinikstrasse. 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse. 20/ Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Abstract
The care of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) has been limited due to the lack of effective therapeutics that can either prevent AKI during high-risk situations or treat AKI once established. A revolution in the scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI has led to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. These targets include pathways involved in inflammation, cellular repair and fibrosis, cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and hemodynamics and oxygen delivery. Many compounds are entering early-phase clinical trials. In addition, efforts to better describe sub-categories of AKI (through endo-phenotyping) hold promise to target therapies more effectively based upon pathways that are operative in the pathogenesis. These advances bring optimism that the care of patients with AKI will be transformed with the hope of better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hulse
- Divison of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mitchell H Rosner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, 135 Hospital Drive, Suite 1031, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Environmental and individual predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Denmark measured from neonatal dried blood spots: the D-tect study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:567-575. [PMID: 30526709 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as sunshine hours, temperature and UV radiation (UVR) are known to influence seasonal fluctuations in vitamin D concentrations. However, currently there is poor understanding regarding the environmental factors or individual characteristics that best predict neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. The aims of this study were to (1) identify environmental and individual determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations in newborns and (2) investigate whether environmental factors and individual characteristics could be used as proxy measures for neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was measured from neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) of 1182 individuals born between 1993 and 2002. Monthly aggregated data on daily number of sunshine hours, temperature and UVR, available from 1993, were retrieved from the Danish Meteorological Institute. The individual predictors were obtained from the Danish National Birth register, and Statistics Denmark. The optimal model to predict 25(OH)D3 concentrations from neonatal DBS was the one including the following variables: UVR, temperature, maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational age at birth and parity. This model explained 30 % of the variation of 25(OH)D3 in the neonatal DBS. Ambient UVR in the month before the birth month was the best single-item predictor of neonatal 25(OH)D3, accounting for 24 % of its variance. Although this prediction model cannot substitute for actual blood measurements, it might prove useful in cohort studies ranking individuals in groups according to 25(OH)D3 status.
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Ahmadzadeh E, Rowshan FT, Mashkour M. Enhancement of bone mineral density and body mass in newborn chickens by in ovo injection of ionic-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles of bacterial origin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:16. [PMID: 30671631 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using non-drug, non-surgical treatments for improving bone mineral diseases in newborn babies is an important topic for neonatologists. The present study introduces bacterial synthesized ionic nano-hydroxyapatite (Bio-HA) for the development of bone mineral density in the chicken embryo model. In vitro cytotoxicity analyses were demonstrated the optimal concentrations of Bio-HA compared to a chemically-synthesized hydroxyapatite (Ch-HA). Toxicity of Bio-HA on MCF-7 human cell lines was negligible at the concentrations less than 500 μg/mL whereas Ch-HA showed similar results at the concentrations less than 100 μg/mL. Therefore, concentrations at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL were selected for in ovo injection of both materials into the fertilized eggs. The newly hatched chickens were sacrificed in order to monitor their serological factors, total body mass, bone mineral contents and bone mineral density. The results confirmed that Bio-HA increased the average body weight and bone mineral indices of chickens in comparison to the Ch-HA and negative controls (normal saline and intact groups). In view of the intact group, no liver or kidney damage occurred in the groups receiving Bio-HA which promises the effectiveness of these nanoparticles for the treatment of afterbirth bone mineral deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Mazandaran, 47148-71167, Iran
| | - Farid Talebnia Rowshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Mazandaran, 47148-71167, Iran.
- Department of Manufacturing Technology, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, M2R 3T4T, Canada.
| | - Mehrdad Mashkour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Mazandaran, 47148-71167, Iran
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Al-Yatama FI, AlOtaibi F, Al-Bader MD, Al-Shoumer KA. The Effect of Clothing on Vitamin D Status, Bone Turnover Markers, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Kuwaiti Females. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:6794837. [PMID: 31341474 PMCID: PMC6612396 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6794837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Arab women in the Gulf region cover their bodies for cultural and religious reasons, limiting the skin's exposure to sunlight and therefore its ability to synthesize vitamin D. The aim of this study is to determine whether the clothing style of Kuwaiti premenopausal women affects their vitamin D status, bone marker expression, and bone density. Three groups of healthy unmarried single Kuwaiti females (20-35 years old; n=30 per group) were recruited randomly from the general community: a control group who wear Western-style clothing (unveiled group), a group who wear a hejab that covers the whole body except for the face and hands (hejab group), and a group who wear a black veil with the entire body covered (veiled group). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone markers (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], osteocalcin, and β-CrossLaps), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], and calcitonin were measured. The bone marker osteocalcin was significantly higher in the hejab group compared to the control group, whereas P1NP and β-CrossLaps were significantly higher in the veiled group compared to the control group. 25-hydroxy vitamin D, iPTH, calcitonin, and BMD were not significantly different across the three groups despite the observed elevation in bone turnover markers. The majority of participants in all three groups exhibited vitamin D deficiency; however, the lowest vitamin D levels were observed among the hejab and veiled participants. These findings suggest that clothing style may contribute to vitamin D deficiency in young Kuwaiti women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemah AlOtaibi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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